PERIIT DEPT OF ECE

1

EX.NO: 1 DATE:
STUDY OF 8086 MICROPROCESSOR
Aim:
To study the architecture of 8086 microprocessor
Features of 8086:
The 8086 is a 16-bit microprocessor the item 16 bit means that is architecture logic unit.
Internal register and most of that is architecture logic unit. Internal register and most of that is
arithmetic logic unit. Internal register &most to work with 16-bit binary work. The 8086 has a 16-
bit address, data bus. So, it can read data from (or) write to memory and data bus. The 8086
however has on the 8-bit data bus, so it can only read data from write data to memory and parts
8-bits at a time.
The 8086 can register 16-bit i/o address hence it can occur 2^10=655236 I/O parts
Segment register:
Unlike 8085 the 8085 address a segment memory the complete one megabyte memory which the
8086 address is decided into 16 logical segments. each segments there contains 64kb of memory
when the byte is to be transferred and the lower line of the bus in memory or I/O operations
Address/status CAM/so,a18/s5,A17/s4,A10/s3)
During t1 period the bus high there are four most significance line for memory operations
A17/s4 A10/s3 Characteristics
0 0 Alternate stack
0 1 stack
1 0 Cycle
1 1 Data

BHE/ST (bus higher enable/status);
During t1 period the bus high enable signal should be used to enable data on to the most
significant half of the data bus (D0+D3)

BHE
A0 Characteristics
0 0 Whole word
0 1 Upper byte from/to location
1 0 Lower byte from/to location
1 1 none

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RD(read):
Read state indicates that the processor is performed a memory (or) I/O
read signal.
POINTER AND INDEX REGISTER:
The pointer IP,SP,BP(i.e)instruction base stack. Pointer usually conation
the effects with in the code(IP) and stack (BP&SP) segment. The register s1 is generated
used to store the offset of source data segment while the register.
Flag register:
x x x x O I D T S Z X AC X P X CY

X-NOT USE,T-TRAP FLAG,I-INTERUPT FLAG,D-DIRECTION FLAG,O-OVER,Z-ZERO
FLAG,P-PARITY FLAG,S-SIGN FLAG .
Trap flag:
If this flag is set the processor executes the current instruction and the
control is passed to trap interrupt position. Trap interrupt is generated after exacted of
each instruction.
Interrupt flag:
If this is set the mask able interrupt are recognized by the processor or
there are signal.
Direction flag:
This is set (or) reset during string manipulator.
Overflow flag:
This is set during addition (or) subtraction of integer number.
Pin description of 8086:
Address/data (AD15-AD0):
These lines construed the lines multiplexed with memory & I/Address
during t1 period and time.

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MN/MX:
Minimum & maximum mode. It indicates what mode the operator is to
operate.
MAX/MIN MODE PIN DESCRIPTION:
The signal s2, s1, s2 status signal.
RQ/GT0; RQ/GTI:
REQUEST STATS BAND:
The pins are used by other bus master to force the processer to release the
local bus at the end of the processor current bus cycle.
LOCK:
The output indicates that other sym bus masters are not to gain control of
the system bus with lock is actual.
MINIMUM MODE PIN DESRIPTION:
The Signals S2,S1,S0 status signals
M/I0:
This operation relates to memory (or) I/O devices
WR:
It indicates the write operation.
INTA:
Process Send Acknowledgement For The Interrupt.
ALE:
It enables the address data like to send address on the bus during time of period.
READY:
It is the acknowledge from the address memory (or) devices. That is write
complete data transfer.

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INTR:
It is a level triggered input which is sampled during the cost cycle of each
instruction to determine if the procedure should enter in to the interrupt acknowledge.
TEST INPUTS:
This is used WA1 instruction. If the TEST inputs goes lo, execution will continue. If
the TEST inputs goes low, execution will continue, else the processor remains in an idle
state.
NMI:
This is used to WAIT ins. Non masker interrupt .this is an edge triggered input.
MX/MN:
It is used for whether the processor is to operate is either minimum (or)
maximum mode.
BT/R:
This output is used to decide the direction of data flow through the transceiver.
DEN:
Data enable this serial indicate the availability of valid data over the
address/data lines.
LOCK:
the lock signals is activated by the lock prefix introduced and remains active until
the completion of the next instruction.
QS1,QS0:
Queen states. These lines give information about the states of the code-perfect
quene.

RESULT:
Thus the architecture of 8086 microprocessor was studied successfully.

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5

EXPT NO: 2 DATE:
16 BIT ADDITIONS USING 8086 MICROPROCESSOR

AIM:
To write a program to perform 16-bit addition using 8086 microprocessor.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SL.NO ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1.
Microprocessor kit 8086 kit 1
2.
Power Supply +5 V dc 1


ALGORITHM:
Start the program
AX value passes to the address 2000
BX value passes to the address 2002
Add the AX and BX register
Jump on no carry
Increment the DX register
Halt the program



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FLOWCHART:











NO YES






PROGRAM:
PROGRAM
START
AX=[2000]
BX=[2002]
DX=0000
ADD AX,BX
IF CY==1
AX=[2004]
BX=[2006]
DX=DX+1
STOP
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ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS
1000 MOV DX, 0000H Move the value 0000 to register
1004 MOV AX,[2000] Move the value in address 2000 to AX
1008 MOV BX, [2002] Move the value in address 2002 to BX
100C ADD AX,BX Add the value in registers AX and BX
100E JNC L1 If no carry jump the loop L1
1010 INC DX Increment the DX
1011 L1 L1 : MOV [2004],AX Move the values in AX to address 2004
1015 MOV [2006], DX Move the values in DX to address 2006
1019 HLT Stop the process

EXECUTION TABLE:
ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA
2000 02 2004 03
2001 03 2005 07
2002 01 2006 00
2003 04 2007 00

RESULT: Thus the 16bit addition program is performed using 8086 microprocessor and the
output is executed.




INPUT OUTPUT
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8


EXPT NO: 2.1
DATE:
16 BIT SUBTRACTIONS USING 8086 MICROPROCESSOR

AIM:
To write a program to perform 16bit subtraction using 8086 microprocessor.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SL.NO ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1.
Microprocessor kit 8086 kit
1
2.
Power Supply +5 V dc
1


ALGORITHM:
Start the program
AX value passes to the address 2000
BX value passes to the address 2002
Sub the AX and BX register
Jump on no carry
Increment the DX register
Halt the program


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9

FLOW CHART












NO YES









PROGRAM:
START
STOP
AX=[2000]
BX=[2002]
DX=0000
SUB AX,BX
IF CY==1
AX=[2004]
BX=[2006]
DX=DX+1
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ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS
1000 MOV DX, 0000H Move the value 0000 to DX register
1004 MOV AX,[2000] Move the value in address 2000 to AX
1008 MOV BX, [2002]
Move the value in address 2002 to BX
register
100C SUB AX,BX Sub the value in registers AX,BX
100E JNC L1 If no carry jump the loop L1
1010 INC DX Increment the value in DX by 1
1011 L1 L1 : MOV [2004],AX
Move the value in AX register to
address 2004
1015 MOV [2006], DX
Move the value in DX register to
address 2006
1019 HLT Stop the process

EXECUTION TABLE:
ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA
2000 06 2004 04
2001 04 2005 03
2002 02 2006 00
2003 01 2007 00


RESULT:
Thus the 16bit subtraction program is performed using 8086 microprocessor and the
output is executed.
INPUT OUTPUT
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11

EXPT NO: 2.2 DATE:
16 MULTIPLICATIONS USING 8086 MICROPROCESSOR

AIM:
To write a program to perform multiplication of 16bit number using 8086
microprocessor.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SL.NO ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1.
Microprocessor kit 8086
1
2.
Power Supply +5 V dc
1

ALGORITHM:
Start the program
AX value passes to the address 1100
BX value passes to the address 1102
Multiply the AX and BX register
Store the output in AX and DX register
Halt the program






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12

FLOWCHART
























START
AX=1100
BX=1102

MUL BX

[1200]=DX
[1202]=AX
STOP
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13

PROGRAM:
ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS
1000 MOV AX,[1100] Move the value 1100 to AX register
1004 MOV BX,[1200] Move the value 1200 to BX register
1008 MUL BX Multiply the BX value with AX register value
100A MOV [1200],DX Move DX value to memory loction 1200
100D MOV[1202],AX Move AX value to memory loction 1202
100F HLT Stop the process

EXECUTION TABLE:
ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA
1100 02 1200 0c
1101 03 1201 00
1102 01 1202 02
1103 04 1203 0b


RESULT:
Thus the 16bit multiplication program is performed using 8086 microprocessor and the
output is executed.



INPUT OUTPUT
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14

EXPT NO: 2.3
DATE:
16 BIT DIVISIONS USING 8086 MICROPROCESSOR
AIM:
To write a program to perform division of 16bit number using 8086 microprocessor.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SL.NO ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1.
Microprocessor kit 8086 1
2.
Power Supply +5 V dc 1


ALGORITHM:
Start the program
AX value passes to the address 1100
BX value passes to the address 1102
Divide the AX and BX register
Store the output in AX and DX register
Halt the program




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15


FLOW CHART






















START
AX=1100
BX=1102

DIV BX

[1200]=DX
[1202]=AX
STOP
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16

PROGRAM:
ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS
1000 MOV AX,[1100] Move the value 1100 to AX register
1004 MOV BX,[1200] Move the value 1200 to BX register
1008 DIV BX Multiply the BX value with AX register value
100A MOV [1200],DX Move DX value to memory loction 1200
100D MOV[1202],AX Move AX value to memory loction 1202
100F HLT Stop the process

EXECUTION TABLE:
ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA
1100 66 1200 03
1101 66 1201 03
1102 22 1202 00
1103 22 1203 00


RESULT:
Thus the 16bit division program is performed using 8086 microprocessor and the output is
executed.



INPUT OUTPUT
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17

EXPT NO: 3 DATE:
ARRANGE THE GIVEN NUMBERS IN ASCENDING ORDER USING 8086
MICROPROCESSOR
AIM:
To write a program to arrange a given data is an ascending order using 8086.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SL.NO ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1.
Microprocessor kit 8086 1
2.
Power Supply +5 V dc 1

ALGORITHM:
Start the program.
Move 0000H to AX register.
Move 0005H to CX and DX register.
Move the value 2000H to the SI register.
The address in the SI register has data which is moved to AX register.
The AX registers value and SI+1register value is compared.
If false then moved ahead the loop.
AX and SI+2 are interchanged and then AX and SI.
Then adds 0002 with the SI register and again compares with AX while looping to
label.
If condition is true, then the conditional jumps to loop.
There decrement DX and if jump on no zero go to the start.
Halt the program.

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18

FLOWCHART:






















START
AX=-0000
CX=0005
DX=0005
SI=2000
AX=SI
AX=[SI+1]
AX=[SI]
SI=SI+0001

DEC CX
IF JNZ
STOP
IF
AX>[SI+1]
YES
YES
NO
NO
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19

PROGRAM:
ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS
1000
MOV AL,00
Move 0000 value to AX register
1003
START MOV CX,0005H
Move 0005 value to CX register
1007
MOV DX,0005H
Move 0005 value to DX register
100B
MOV SI,2000H
Move 2000 to SI register
100F
LABEL MOV AL,[SI]
Move value in SI to AX register
1011
CMP AL ,[SI+1]
Compare AX with [SI+2]
1014
JC LOOP
Jump if carry to loop
1016
XCHG AL,[SI+1]
Exchange AX and [SI+2]
1019
XCHG AL,[SI]
Exchange AX and [SI]
101B LOOP ADD SI,0001
Add the value 0002 to SI
101F LOOP LABEL
The loop over here transfers to label
1022 DEC CX
At every loop DX value decremented
1023 JNZ START
Jump if no zero to start
1025 HLT
Stop the process




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20


EXECUTION TABLE:
INPUT OUTPUT
ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA
2000 05 2000 01
2001 03 2001 02
2002 01 2002 03
2003 02 2003 04
2004 04 2004 05

RESULT:
Thus the program to arrange the data in ascending order is done successfully.













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21

EXPT NO: 3.1 DATE:
ARRANGE THE GIVEN NUMBERS IN DESCENDING ORDER USING 8086
MICROPROCESSOR
AIM:
To write a program to arrange the given data in descending order using
8086.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SL.NO ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1. Microprocessor kit 8086 1
2. Power Supply +5 V dc 1

ALGORITHM:
Start the program.
Assign 0000 to the AX register.
Move the value 0005 to CX and DX register.
Pass the value 2000 to SI.
Pass the value in SI to AX register and do SI+1.
Compare the AX and SI+1 register values.
If false then exchange AX and SI+1and the AX and SI register values
then add 0001 with SI.
If true add 0001 with SI and decrement DX.
Now again the loop is found and compare the next two value until the
DX value becomes zero.
If JNZ is true then loop transfers to the start else program stops.
Halt the program.
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22

FLOWCHART






















START
AX=-0000
CX=0005
DX=0005
SI=2000
AX=SI
AX=[SI+1]
AX=[SI]
SI=SI+0001

DEC CX
IF JNZ
STOP
IF
AX>[SI+1]
NO
YES
NO
YES
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PROGRAM:
ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS
1000
MOV AL,00
Move 0000 to AX register
1003
START MOV DX,0005
Move 0005 to CX register
1007
MOV CX,0005
Move 0005 to DX register
100B
MOV SI,2000
Move 2000 to SI register
100F
LABEL MOV AL,[SI]
Move values in SI to AX register
1011
CMP AL,[SI+1]
Compare AX and [SI+2]
1014
JNC LOOP
Jump if no carry to loop
1016
XCHG AL,[SI+1]
Exchange AX and [SI+2]
1019
XCHG AL,[SI]
Exchange AX and [SI]
101B LOOP ADD SI,0001
Add the value 0002 to SI
101F LOOP LABEL
The loop over here transfers to label
1022 DEC DX
At every loop DX value decremented
1023 JNZ START
If jump no zero go to start
1025 HLT
Stop the process

EXECUTION TABLE:
INPUT OUTPUT
ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA
2000 06 2000 07
2001 07 2001 06
2002 02 2002 05
2003 05 2003 04
2004 04 2004 02

RESULT:
Thus the program for arranging the data in descending order is done successfully.
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24

EXPT NO: 3.2 DATE:
FINDING THE LARGEST NUMBER USING 8086 MICROPROCESSOR
AIM:
To write a program to find the largest number among the given data using 8086.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SL.NO ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1.
Microprocessor kit 8086 1
2.
Power Supply +5 V dc 1

ALGORITHM:
Start the program.
Pass the value 0003 to CX register.
Move the content of specified memory location to source index.
Move the content of source index to next location to accumulator.
Move SI register value to AX register.
Compare AX and [SI] register values.
If false move SI+1 to AL.
If true add 0001 with SI and again compare it.
Pass the value in 2500 to AL register.
Halt the program.



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25

FLOWCHART









YES NO













NO



YES


START
CX=0003H
SI=2000
AX[SI]
AX<=[SI+1]
SI=SI+001
DEC CX
IF
Z=1
STORE THE LARGEST
VALUE
STOP
IF AX>[SI+1]
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PROGRAM:

ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS
1000
MOV CX,0003
Move 0003 to CX register
1004
MOV SI,2000
Move the value 2000 to SI registe
1008
MOV AL,[SI]
Move [SI] value to ALregister
100A
LABEL CMP AX,[SI+1]
Compare AL with [SI+1]
100D
JNC L1
Jump if no carry to L1
100F
MOV AX,[SI+1]
Move [SI+1] value to AX register
1012
L1 ADD SI,0001
Add 0002 to SI register
1013
LOOP LABEL
The loop over here transfers to label
1015 MOV [2500],AX
Move AX value to the address 2500
1019 HLT
Stop the process

EXECUTION TABLE:
ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA
2000 45 2500 66
2001 33
2002 66


RESULT:
Thus the program to find the largest of given numbers were done successfully.
INPUT OUTPUT
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27

EXPT NO: 3.3 DATE:
FINDING THE SMALLEST NUMBER USING 8086 MICROPROCESSOR

AIM:
To write a program to find the smallest number among the given data using 8086.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SL.NO ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1.
Microprocessor kit 8086 1
2.
Power Supply +5 V dc 1

ALGORITHM:
Start the program.
Pass the value 0003 to CX register.
Move the content of specified memory location to source index.
Move the content of source index to next location to accumulator.
Move SI register value to AX register.
Compare AX and [SI] register values.
If true move SI+1 to AL.
If false add 0001 with SI and again compare it.
Pass the value in 2500 to AL register.
Halt the program.


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FLOWCHART










YES NO












NO

YES




START
CX=0004H
DEC CX
SI=2000
AX[SI]
AX<=[SI+2]
SI=SI+0002
DEC CX
IF
Z=1
STORE THE SMALLEST
VALUE
STOP
IF AX>[SI+2]
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PROGRAM:

ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS
1000
MOV CX,0003
Move 0003 to CX register
1004
MOV SI,2000
Move the value 2000 to SI registe
1008
MOV AL,[SI]
Move [SI] value to ALregister
100A
LABEL CMP AX,[SI+1]
Compare AL with [SI+1]
100D
JC L1
Jump if no carry to L1
100F
MOV AX,[SI+1]
Move [SI+1] value to AX register
1012
L1 ADD SI,0001
Add 0002 to SI register
1013
LOOP LABEL
The loop over here transfers to label
1015 MOV [2500],AX
Move AX value to the address 2500
1019 HLT
Stop the process


EXECUTION TABLE:
ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA
2000 33 2500 33
2001 44
2002 55


RESULT:Thus the program to find the smallest of given numbers were done successfully.
INPUT OUTPUT
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30


EXPT NO: 4 DATE:
STRING MOVE OPERATION
AIM:
To write a program to move the given numbers using string manipulators.

ALGORITHM:
Start the program.
Move the memory address of input data to source index.
Move the memory address of output data to destination index.
Move the content FF to CX register.
Clear the direction flag.
Move the content from source index to destination index and repeat it until
register reaches zero.
Halt the program.










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FLOWCHART:























SI=2000
CLEAR THE DIRECTION FLAG
IF
CX==FF
START

MOVE THE CONTENT FROM SI TO DI
STOP
YES
NO
DI=2000
MOV CX=FF
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PROGRAM:
ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS
1000 MOV SI,2000 Move the value 2000 to SI
1004 MOV DI,2000 Move the value 2000 to DI
1008 MOV CX,0FF Move the value FF to CX register
100D CLD Add the AI value
100E L1 MOVSB Move the content from SI to DI
100F LOOP L1 Store the AX in DI register
1010 HLT Stop the program

EXECUTION TABLE:
ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA











RESULT
Thus the program to store the numbers using string manipulation is done
successfully.

INPUT OUTPUT
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33

EXPT NO: 4.1 DATE:

STORE THE STRING USING STRING MANIPULATION
AIM:
T o write a program to store thef numbers using string manipulators.

ALGORITHM:
Start the program.
Move the memory address of input data to source index.
Move the memory address of output data to destination index.
Move the content 34 to accumulator.
Clear the direction flag.
Store the content from accumulator to destination index and repeat it until
register reaches zero.
Halt the program.














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34

FLOWCHART:























SI=2000
CLEAR THE DIRECTION FLAG
IF
CX==0
START

STORE THE CONTENT FROM SI TO DI
STOP
YES
NO
DI=2000
MOV AX=34
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PROGRAM:
ADDRESS LABEL PROGRAM COMMENTS
1000 MOV SI,2000 Move the value 2000 to SI register
1004 MOV DX,2200 Move the value 2000 to DI register
1007 MOV AH,0FF Move the value FF to AH register
100B INC DX Increment the DX register
100C MOV AL,[SI] Move the content of SI TO accumulator
100E L1 INC SI Increment the SI register
100F CMP AH,AL Compare AL with AH
1011 JNZ L1 Junp when not equal to zero.
1013 MOVE[1100],DX Move the DX content to memory location 1100.
1017 HLT End the program

EXECUTION TABLE:
ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA












INPUT OUTPUT
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RESULT
Thus a program to store numbers using string is done successfully.
EXPT NO: 4.2
DATE:

COUNT THE VALUE OF A STRING DATA USING 8086 MICROPROCESSOR

AIM:
To write a program to find the count value of presence of a given number using 8086
microprocessor.

ALGORITHM:
Start the program.
Make direction flag as zero.
Assign the values 0010, 2400, 0000, 3400 to CX, SI, DX and DI.
Load the Ax value from SI.
Compare AX and 1111.
If true, increment DX.
Then decrement CX value and check z=1.
If true, move DX values to DI.
If false, then load AX and compare again.
If comparison is false do step 7 to 9.
Halt the program.


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FLOWCHART:





















Move the content 1200 to SI
MOVE CONTENT OF SI TO AL
IF
Z #0
LOAD DX VALUE TO 1100
STOP
START
YES
NO
Move the content 1300 to DX
Move the content FF to AH
INCREMENT DX
INCREMENT SI
COMPARE AH & AL
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PROGRAM:
ADDRESS

LABEL MNEMONICS
COMMENTS
1000 MOV SI,1200
Move the1200 to SI

1004 MOV Dx,1300
Move the 1300 to DX.

1008 MOV AH,0FF
Move the FF value to AH.

100B L1 INC DX
Increment the DX register

100C MOV AL,[SI]
Move SI TO AL

100E INC SI
Increment SI value

100F CMP AH,AL
Compare the AX and AL

1011 JNZ L1
Jump to L1 if no zero.

1013 MOV [1100],DX
Move the content of DX to 1100.

1017 HLT
Stop the process.


EXECUTION TABLE:
ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA











RESULT:
Thus a program to count the value of presence using 8086 microprocessor was done
successfully.
INPUT OUTPUT
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EXPT NO: 5 DATE:
INTERFACING OF ADC WITH 8086 MICROPROCESSOR

AIM:
To convert the analog signal to digital signal using 8086 microprocessor.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SL.NO ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1.
Microprocessor kit 8086 1
2.
Power Supply +5 V dc,+12 V dc 1
3.
ADC Interface board - 1


ALGORTIHM:
Move the content 10 to AL register.
Assign C8 as output port.
Move 18 to AL register.
Assign C8 as output port.
End the program.

THEORY
The program selects the CH0. Start the analog to digital conversion process by
pressing soc switch. ADC0809 converts the analog input at CH0 to a digital value and
74LS374 latches the data glow the LEDs accordingly.
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PROCEDURE:
1. Place jumper J2 in B position.
2. Place Jumper J5 in A position
3. Enter and execute the program.
4. Vary the analog input and give the soc by pressing soc switch.
5. See the corresponding digital value in the LED display.
6. I/O address for the latch 74LS174.
A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
1 1 0 0 1 X X X

C8 Address of latch.
XDont care condition (either 0 or 1).
FLOWCHART:













START
SELECT CHANNEL
MODE ALE LOW
MODE HIGH HIGH
GET THE DIGITAL
DATA ON DISPLAY
STOP
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PROGRAM:
ADDRESS LABEL PROGRAM OPCODE COMMENTS
1000 MOV AL,10 C6,C0,10 Channel selection
1003 OUT C8,AL E6,C8 ALE(Low)
1005 MOV AL,18 C6,C0,18 ALE(High)
1008 OUT C8,AL Send output to latch
100A HLT F4 Stop the process


EXECUTION TABLE:
ANALOG INPUT DIGITAL VALUE
00 0000 0000
15 1111 1111




RESULT:
Thus the Analog to Digital convertor was designed using 8086 microprocessor and the
output was executed.



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EXPT NO: 5.1 DATE:
INTERFACING OF DAC WITH 8086 MICROPROCESSOR

AIM:
To generate the square and saw tooth wave at the output of DAC 86/88 microprocessor.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SL.NO ITEM SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1.
Microprocessor kit 8086 Vi Microsystems 1
2. Power Supply +5 V, dc,+12 V dc 1
3. DAC Interface board - 1

ALGORITHM:
SQUARE WAVE:
Move the value of 00 to AL register.
Then AL register is given to the C8 register as output.
Call the address value as 1013.
Then move the value of 00FF to AL register.
The AL register value is given to the C8 as the output.
Call the address value as 1013.
Jump to the address 1000.
Then move the value of 05FF to CX register.
Use instruction loop to the address 1017.
Return the value by using RET.
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SAWTOOTH WAVE:
Move the value 00 to AL register.
The AL register value is given as output to C0.
Increment the value of AL register.
Jump not zero to 1003.
Jump to the address 1000.
Stop the program.

SQUARE WAVE GENERATOR




START
MOV AL,00H
OUT 00 DN DAC
CALL DELAY
MOV MAX (FF) ON AL
CALL DELAY
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SAW TOOTH WAVE GENERATOR





















START
MOV AX,00H
OUT 00 ON DAC
INC AX
IF Z=1
NO
YES
DELAY
MOV THE CONTENT TO
REGISTER
IF
CX=0
NO
YES
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SAWTOOTH WAVE:
ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS
COMMENTS
1000 L1 MOV AL,00H
Move the value 00 to AL register
1003 L2 OUT C0,AL
Send output to latch, DAC 1
1005 INC AL
Increment the AL value
1007 JNZ L2
Jump to L1 if no zero
1009 JMP LI
Jump to L2

SQUARE WAVE:
ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS
1000 L2 MOV AL,00 Move 00 to AL register
1003 OUT C8,AL Send output to latch
1005

CALL DELAY Call the delay
1008

MOV AL,0FF Move maximum value FF to AL.
100B

OUT C8,AL Send output to latch of AL.
100D

CALL DELAY Call the delay.
1010

JMP L2 Jump to loop L2.
1013

DELAY MOV CX,05FF
Move the count value to CX.

1017

LABEL LOOP LABEL Go to loop L1.
1019 RET Return.

EXECUTION TABLE:
SIGNAL AMPLITUDE TIME PERIOD
SQUARE WAVE

SAW TOOTH


RESET
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RESULT: Thus the square and saw tooth wave is generated at the output of DAC 86/88
microprocessor was done successfully.
EXP.NO: 6 DATE:
INTERFACING OF STILL AND ROLLING DISPLAY USING 8279 WITH 8086
MICROPROCESSOR

AIM:
To write an assembly language program for still display and rolling display

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8086 Microprocessor kit, Power supply, interfacing board.

ALGORITHM:

STILL DISPLAY:
Start the program.
Clear AL register and out it of AL to C@ register.
Repeat the content.
Move the 00CC data to AL register.
Display content of AL register to C2.
Move the 90 data to AL register.
Move the 88 data to AL register.
Display the content of AL register to C0.
Move the FF data to AL register .
Display the content of AL register to C0.
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Stop the program.


ROLLING DISPLAY:
Start the program.
Move the content of 1200 address to SI register.
Clear the register CX and move data to AL register.
Display the content of the AL register and move data 00CC to AL register.
Display the content of the AL register and move data 90 to AL register.
Display the content of the AL register and roll the delay go to step 9.
Increment the content of SI and continue the loop till false.
Move the content 9FFF to DX register.
Decrement DX register content and continue till the ZE becomes 1.
Stop the program.

The write display RAM command word format is
1 0 0 AI A A A A

AI Auto Increment Flag. If AI=1 the row address selected will be incremented after each
following read or write display RAM.

A A A A Select one of the 16 rows of the display RAM.

The command word format for clear display is
0 0 0 D D K K K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
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10H

DD-Display Mode
1. 00 8 8 bit character display Left entry
2. 01 16 8 bit character display Left entry
3. 10 8 8 bit character display Right entry
4. 11 16 8 bit character display Right entry
5. C0 - Address of latch (Display Register content) [Address]
6. C2 Display RAM address [Address]
7. Cc Clear Display RAM [Command Word]
8. 90 Write display RAM [Command Word]
9. 88 Display character A [Data]
10. FF Blank display [Command Word]
a
f b
g

e c
d
d c b a h g f E

H 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 98
E 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 68
L 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 7C
P 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 C8
U 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1C
S 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 29
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C0 Status register address
C2 Display RAM address
FLOWCHARAT FOR STILL DISPLAY:





















Start
Move mode display
and set command word
Blank display character
Move clear display cw to display RAM
Move write display cw to DIR
Move data for character n
Move content of cx and OUT it
If
Cx=0
Stop
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FLOWCHART FO R ROLLING DISPLAY:





















Start
Mov SI,1200
Initialise count cx,0001
Move the content of SI in AL and out it
Inc SI
Move mode and display set command word and out it
Decrement DX
Call delay
Move clear display cw to display Ram and out it
Move write display cw to DIR
Move AoFF to Dx
Delay
Return
DEC DX
If
Cx=0
If
z=1
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ROLLING DISPLAY:
ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS
1000 START MOV SI,1200H Assign 1200 to SI.
1004 MOV CX,000FH Initialize count
1008 MOV AL,10
Move mode and display.
100B OUT C2,AL Set command word and out it.
100D MOV AL,00CC Move clear display control word.
1010 OUT C2,AL To display RAM and out it.
1012 MOV AL,90 Move write display
1015 OUT C2,AL CW to D/R
1017 NEXT MOV AL,[SI] Move the content SI.
1019 OUT C0,AL To display AL and out it.
101B CALL DELAY Call delay.
101E INC SI Increment SI.
101F LOOP NEXT Loop to next label.
1021 JMP START Jump to start.
1500 DELAY MOV DX,0A0FFH Call the delay.
1504 LOOP 1 DEC DX Decrement DX.
1505 JNZ LOOP1 Jump no zero to loop1.
1507 RET Return.






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STILL DISPLAY:
ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS
1000 MOV AL,00 Move mode and display.
1003 OUT C2,AL Set command word
1005 MOV AL,00CC
Move clear display
1008 OUT C2,AL Control word to display RAM
100A MOV AL,90 Move write display
100D OUT C2,AL Control word to D/R.
100F MOV AL,88 Move data to AL
1012 OUT C0,AL For character A and out it
1014 MOV AL,FF Blank display character
1017 OUT C0,AL & OUT it
1019 MOV CX,0005 Move count to CX
101D NEXT OUT C0,AL & OUT it
101F LOOP NEXT Loop goes to NEXT
1021 HLT Halt the program


EXECUTION:
STILL DISPLAY:



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ROLLING DISPLAY:

LOOK-UP TABLE:

1200 FF FF FF FF
1204 FF FF FF FF
1208 68 98 C8 7C
120C 1C FF FF 29











RESULT:
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Thus the program of rolling display and still display was written and the output was
executed.


EXP.NO: 7 DATE:
PARALLEL COMMUNICATION INTERFACING WITH TWO 8086
MICROPROCESSOR KIT
AIM:
To write an assembly language program for parallel communication through 8255 PPI.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. 8086 Microprocessor kit.
2. Power supply.
3. 8255 PPI Kit
ALGORITHM FOR RECEIVER:
Move the value 90H to the AL register.
The value of AL is stored in port address 26.
Gets the value from port addresses 20H and store AL.
Subtract the value 3FH and the value of AL register.
Jump if no zero to step 3.
Move the value of 3FH to AL register.
The value of AL is stored in port address 22H.
Move the value of the address 1200H to SI register.
The function delay is called.
Move the value of the address 1200H to SI register.
Get the value from the port address 20H to SI register.
Move the value of AL register to the address 1200.
Function delay is called.
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SI register is incremented.
Decrement the CL register.
Jump on no zero to step 11.
Get the value 02 as integer.
Move the value 05 to BL.
Move the value 0FH to DL register.
Decrement BL register.
Jump on no zero to step 20.
Jump on no zero to step 19.

TRANSMITTER ALGORITHM:
Start the program.
Move 22H to AL and AL to port address 26H.
Move 3F to AL and AL to port addresses 20H.
Get the input value from 22H to store in AL.
Subtract 3FH from AL.
If no zero occurs go to step4.
Move 24H toAL and AL to port address 20H.
Call delay and goto step 10.
Interrupt is executed.
Move 05H to BL register.
Move 0FFH to DL register.
Decrement DL value and if no zero occurs goto step 10.
Decrement BL value and if no zero occurs goto step 11.
Stop the program.

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FLOWCHART FOR RECEIVER:




















START
MOVE 90H VALUE TO AL REGISTER OUT IT IN PORT 20H
TAKE THE VALUE 20H TO AL SUBTRACT FROM 35
IF Z=1
MOVE DATA 3FH TO AL & OUT IT IN PORT 22H
INITIALISE COUNT VALUE 08 TO CL REGISTER
CALL DELAY
MOVE 1200H TO SI REGISTER
CALL DELAY
TAKE 20H TO AL & OUT IT IN AL
INCREMENT SI,DECREMENT SI
IF Z=1
INT 02
NO
YES
YES
NO
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DELAY
MOVE 05H TO BL
MOVE 0FFH TO DL
DECREMENT BL
IF Z==1
DECREMENT BL
IF Z==1
RETURN
YES
NO
NO
YES
RETURN
DELAY FOR RECEIVER
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FLOWCHART FOR TRANSMITTER

















START
MOVE THE CONTROL WORD TO AL
OUT THE CONTROL WORD TO PORT
26H
TAKE IN AL VALUE 22H & SUBTRACT
IT FROM 3FH
MOVE 8FH TO AL & OUT IT PORT
20H
IF Z==1
MOVE 24H TO AL & OUT IT PORT
20H
CALL DELAY
INT 02
YES
NO
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ADDRESSES:
Port A address=20H.
Port B address=22H.
Port C address=24H.
Control word register address=26H.
Control word=82.

CONTROL WORD:
I/O Group A
mode
Port A PCU Group B
mode
Port B PCL


1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
=82
PCU Port C upper.
PCL Port C Lower.

INPUT/OUTPUT PORT:
Port B used as input.
Port A used as output.
Port C also as output.
MODE SELECTED:
Group B mode 0 is selected.
Group A mode 0 is selected.
I/O mode is used.
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RECEIVER PROGRAM:
ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS
1000 MOV AL,90H
Move 90H to AL register.
1003 OUT 26H,AL
Out the AL data in 26H port address
1005 CHECK IN AL,20H
Take 20H to AL register.
1007 SUB AL,3FH
Sub the AL data from 3FH
100A JNZ CHECK
Jump on no zero
100C MOV AL,3FH
Move 3FH data to AL register.
100E OUT 22H,AL
Out the AL data in 22 port address.
1011 MOV CL,08H
Move 08H to count CL register.
1014 CALL DELAY
Call the delay.
1017 MOV SI,1200H
Move 1200H to SI.
101B L1 IN AL,20H
Take 20H value AL
101D MOV [SI],AL
Move the AL data to SI address
101F CALL DELAY
Call delay
1022 INC SI
Increment SI
1023 DEC CL
Decrement CL value.
1025 JNZ L1
Jump on no zero L2.
1027 INT 02
Interrupt 02
1029 DELAY MOV BL,05H
Move 05H value to BL.
102C LION MOV DL,0FFH
Move 00FFH value to DL
102F L2 DEC DL
Decrement DL.
1031 JNZ L2
Jump on no zero L2.
1033 DEC BL
Decrement DL
1035 JNZ LION
Jump on no zero lion
1037 RET
Return
1038 RET
Return


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TRANSMITTER PROGRAM:
ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS
COMMENTS
1000 MOV AL,82H
Move 82H to AL register.
1003 OUT 26H,AL
Out AL data in 26H address
1005 MOV AL,3FH
Move 3FHto AL register
1008 OUT 20H,AL
Out the AL data in 20H address.
100A LOOP IN AL,22H
Take the 22H to AL register.
100C SUB AL,3FH
Subtract the AL data from 3FH.
100F JNZ LOOP
Jump on no zero.
1011 MOV AL,24H
Move 24H to AL register
1014 OUT 20H,AL
Out AL data in 20H address
1016 CALL DELAY
Call the delay
1019 INT 02
Interrupt 02
101B DELAY MOV BL,05H
Move 05H to BL register
101E LION MOV DL,0FFH
Move 0ffH to DL register
1021 L2 DEC DL
Decrement DL
1023 JNZ L2
Jump on no zero
1025 DEC BL
Decrement BL
1027 JNZ LION
Jump on no zero to LION
1029 RET
Return





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EXECUTION TABLE:
ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA


















RESULT:
Thus the program for parallel communication was written and executed.
INPUT OUTPUT
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EXP.NO: 8 DATE:
Stepper motor program
Refer xerox
EXP.NO: 9 DATE:
dc motor program
Refer xerox




EXP.NO: 10 DATE:
8051 arithmetic operations
Refer xerox

EXP. NO: 11 DATE:
TIMER INTERRUPTS USING 8051 MICROCONTROLLER
AIM:
To perform timer and interrupt on board using 8051 microcontroller.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8051 microcontroller.
Power chord.
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ALGORITHM:
Move the control word to TMOD regiwster.
Move the control word to DI IE register.
Enable the interrupt by giving value to TM1 & TL1.
Start the timer by enabling the timer run bit.
Check for timer overflow set, clear the timer control bit.
Halt the program.
ISR (Interrupt Service Routine)
Move only desired value to A register.
Add the A register content and any other value.
Move the address to DPTR.
Move A value to DPTR.
Halt the program.











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FLOW CHART:












NO


YES


START
INTERRUPT
MOVE THE CONTROL WORD TO
TMOD
MOVE THE CONTROL WORD TO
2E
ENABLE THE INTERRUPT USING
TH1 &TL1(TIMER)
RUN THE TIMER AND SETTING
THE BIT TR1
CHECK FOR
OVERFLOW
FLAG TH1
STOP THE TIMER AND CLEARING
THE TEXT
STOP
MOVE CARRY
DESIRED VALUE
WITH A REGISSTER
ADD ANY DESIRED VALUE WITH
CONTENT AREGISTER
MOVE THE ADDRESS VALUE A TO
DPTR
STORE THE RESULT
RETURN
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PROGRAM:
ADDRESS LABEL MNEMONICS COMMENTS
4100 MOV TMOD,#10
Move value to TMOD
4103 MOV IE,#88 Move 88 to IE
4106 MOV TH1,#00 Move 00 to TH1
4109 MOV TL1,#00 Move 00 to TL1
410C SET (TR1) Set timer 1
410E L1 JNB 8F(TF1),L1 Jump no borrow gate loop 1
4111 CLR 8E(TR1) Clear the timer
4113 L2 SJMP L2 Short jump to L2
5030 MOV A,#12H Mov 12 to A
5032 ADD A,#12H Add A with 12
5034 MOV DPTR,#4500 Move 4500 to DPTR
5037 MOVX @DPTR,A Mov A value to DPTR
5038 L3 SJMP L3 Short jump to L3

ISR:
The vector address for the timer interrupt overflow is 00. In one kit in jump location.
Gate C/T M1 M0 Gate C/T M1 M0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
=10H
IE:
EA - - ES ET1 EX1 ET0 EX0
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
=88H
EA Enable address Access
EN Enable Timer 1

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EXECUTION TABLE:
ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA


















RESULT:Thus the timer and interrupt operation was performed successfully using 8051
microcontroller.
INPUT OUTPUT
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EXP. NO: 12 DATE:

ARITHMETIC OPERATION IN 8051 USING KEIL SOFTWARE


AIM:
To perform arithmetic operation in 8051 using KEIL SOFTWARE.

PROCEDURE:
1. Click Keil Vision# icon in the desktop
2. From Project Menu open New project
3. Select the target device as ATMEL 89C51
4. From file menu open New File
5. Type the program in Text editor
6. Save the file with extension .asm
7. In Project window click the tree showing TARGET
8. A source group will be open.
9. Right Click the source group and click Add files to Source group
10. A new window will open. Select our file with extension .asm
11. Click Add.
12. Go to project window and click right click Source group gain
13. Click Build Target (F7) .
14. Errors if any will be displayed.
15. From Debug menu, select START/STOP Debug option.
16. In Project window the status of all the registers will be displayed.
17. Click Go from Debug Menu.
18. The results stored in Registers will be displayed in Project Window.
19. Stop the Debug process before closing the application.




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PROGRAM:
ORG 0H
CLR C
MOV A,#05H
MOV B,#02H
DIV AB
END


OBSERVATION:
A: 02
B: 01



Simulation view










RESULT:
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Thus the arithmetic operation for 8051 was done using KEIL SOFTWARE.


EXP. NO: 13 DATE:

PORT OPERATION IN 8051 USING KEIL SOFTWARE
AIM:
To write and simulate C program for PORT operation using KEIL SOFTWARE
PROCEDURE:
1. Click Keil Vision3 icon in the desktop
2. From Project Menu open New project
3. Select the target device as ATMEL 89C51
4. From file menu open New File
5. Type the program in Text editor
6. Save the file with extension .c
7. In Project window click the tree showing TARGET
8. A source group will be open.
9. Right Click the source group and click Add files to Source group
10. A new window will open. Select our file with extension .c
11. Click Add.
12. Go to project window and click right click Source group gain
13. Click Build Target (F7) .
14. Errors if any will be displayed.
15. From Debug menu, select START/STOP Debug option.
16. Click Go from Debug Menu.
17. In Peripherals Menu I/O ports select the required port.
18. Click on Run Icon .
19. The Port operations are observed in the Workspace.
20. Stop the Debug process before closing the application.



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PROGRAM:
#include<reg51.h>
void main()
{
While(1)
{
unsigned int i;
P2=0XAA;
for(i=0;i<255;i++);
P2=0X55;
for(i=0;i<255;i++);
}
}




OBSERVATION:




Variations of port values in regular intervals of time





RESULT:
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Thus the PORT operation was simulated using KEIL SOFTWARE.
zZ
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