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Criminal Investigation is an art which deals with the identity and location of the offender and provides evidence of his
guilt in a criminal proceeding.
It refers to the collection of methods by which crimes are studied and criminals are arrested.
Criminal Investigator is the person who is in charged with the duty of carrying the objectives of investigation such as:
a. identity of the criminal
b. locate the offender
c. provide evidence for his guilt
He is the primarily responsible for the execution of the above acts in every criminal investigation.

QUALITIES OF AN INVESTIGATOR:
1. He must have the ability to persevere despite the obstacles and monotony of investigation.
He must able to stick with the investigation and never give up even though the investigation is boring and seems
not progressing.
2. He must have the ability and intelligence to obtain vital information easily.
He must have the brains to find and get hold of information without difficulty.
3. He must be honest, incorruptible and with personal integrity.
He must be principled, reliable and can be trusted.
4. He must have the knowledge of the psychology of human behavior and understand people and their environment.
He must have at least background about understanding the behaviors of people in different situations.
5. He must have a keen power of observation and memory retention to accurately describe what he has seen.
He must have good memory retention to explain and illustrate what he has witnessed.
6. He must be resourceful and quick-witted.
He must know how to use and maximize the resources he has.

THE THREE TOOLS OF INVESTIGATION:
1. Information is the knowledge which the investigator gathered and acquired from other persons. It is classified as:
(1) Information from regular sources as records and files of the police, company records, civic-spirited citizen;
(2) Information from cultivated sources such as paid informants, bartenders, cab drivers, criminals, prostitutes and
others.
Information is said to be from regular sources if it is obtained from expected people who have that kind of
information such as those mentioned above. However, it is considered to be cultivated if it obtained through
exerting effort to get the info most commonly from outsiders.
2. Interrogation or Interview
Interrogation is the vigorous questioning of one who is reluctant to divulge information.
This is done if a person is unwilling to give information to the police investigator.
Interview is the simple questioning of a person who is cooperating with the investigator.
This is the same as interrogation but different in a way that the person is willing to give information. This act of
questioning is of course, much easier than interrogation.
3. Instrumentation is the application of instruments and methods of physical science in the detection of crime such as
ballistics, fingerprinting, chemistry, polygraphy, other. It is otherwise known as criminalistics.
This method involves the use of different instruments in an investigation.

PHASES OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION
1. Identification of the criminal
2. Tracing and locating the offender
3. Gathering of evidence to prove the guilt of the criminal
There are three different periods in a criminal investigation. First, the criminal must be identified. After being
named, he must be found. The investigator then gathers evidence to confirm whether the offender is guilty or not.