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PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Equipment Stop Valve
Subject No. 2-8377


Purpose :

The emergency stop valves is the fundamental
shut-off organ in the live-steam line between
steam generator and turbine. In the event of a
disturbance, it cut off the steam supply to the
turbine in a minimum of time. It will be in the
closed position when the turbine is at standstill.














































The emergency stop valve is equipped with a
testing arrangement which permits checking
of the valve spindle and piston rod for free
movement at any time without interfering with
normal turbine operation.

The emergency stop valve is mounted
horizontally on the steam chest of the turbine
casing. Its principal parts are a steam section
and a hydraulic section which are joined by a
barrel-shaped connection part.


1. Valve cone
2. Relief cone
3. Steam strainer
4. Valve spindle bush
5. Valve cover
6. Valve spindle
7. Stud bolt
8. Segment ring
9. Pressure rig
10. Heat-protective asbestos plate
11. Oil-retaining cone
12. Connection part
13. Piston rod
14. Piston disc
15. Spring cap
16. Oil before piston disc
17. Compression spring
18. Oil drain
19. Oil behind piston
20. Piston
21. Test Piston
22. Pressure gauge
23. Mini-valve
24. Test oil
25. Oil drain
26. Leak-steam drain
27. Flexible joint
28. Sealing ring
29. Live steam
30. Drilled hole for steam
Fig. 1 emergency stop valve





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Mode of operation: steam section



The live steam, after having passed a steam
strainer(3), arrives at the valve cone (1) which is
mounted on the valve spindle (6). The end of
that spindle is designed in the form of a relief
cone (2) which considerably reduces the
actuating forces for opening the emergency
stop valve because its cross-sectional area is
much smaller than that of main cone. By
opening the relief cone, steam will already be
admitted through a hole (30), thus diminishing
the pressure differential between the upstream
and downstream sides of the main cone.



In the open condition of the emergency stop
valve, the space behind the valve cover (5) will
be absolutely sealed against the steam
pressure. This has been achieved by the
provision of sealing edges on both the main
cone and on the bush (4) in the valve cover
which are tightly pressured against each other.
In this way, leakage losses of steam at the
spindle bushes are prevented as long as the
valve remains open. When the valve is closed,
any leak steam which happens to seep through
between the valve spindle and its bushes will be
carried off via the drain line (26). Further
possible leakages are avoided by a sealing ring
(28). The valve cover is pressed against this
sealing ring under the action of the stud bolts
(7). The sealing ring will thus be pressed
against the segment ring (8) as well as against
the outer valve casing. Owing to the action of
the steam pressure on the valve cover, the
sealing ring will be pressed against the valve
casing by this additional force and is expanded.
The major part of the steam forces which act on
the valve cover will be transmitted in the axial
direction immediately to the outer casing
surrounding the steam section of the valve.













Connection Part :



The connection part (12) forms the link
between the steam and hydraulic sections of
the emergency stop valve. Asbestos plates
(10) at the steam end of this connection part
serve as heat protection for the hydraulic
section. More over the connection part has
the function of a guide for the piston rod (13)
which is connected to the valve spindle by
means of a flexible joint (27). As a
supplement, the joint carries a retaining cone
(11 ). It is intended for catching any oil which
might escape in case of injury to the piston
rod sealing glands so that the oil can be
removed through the oil drain line (25).


Mode of operation: hydraulic section
The emergency stop valve is hydraulically
actuated by oil. The valve opening operation
is initiated by the starting device. Thus
pressure oil arriving at pipe connection (19)
will flow into the space behind the piston (20).
By overcoming the action of the compression
spring (17), the piston is in this way tightly
pressed against the piston disc (14). Through
pushing the pilot piston in the starting device
further into the appropriate direction.
Pressure oil from the trip oil circuit will be
admitted via pipe connection (16) into the
space in front of the piston disc (14). While oil
pressure in that space continues to increase,
oil pressure behind the piston will be
decreasing, because this space is now
connected to the oil drain via the starting
device. This causes the piston disc and the
piston to move jointly to their ultimate position
in front of the test piston (21) so that the valve
cone is opened by the valve spindle.






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Any time a tripping occurs, pressure in the trip
oil circuit will drop instantaneously. This allows
the compression spring to overcome the oil
pressure acting on the valve disc with the result
that his disc together with the valve spindle and
valve cone are pushed immediately into the
closing position. Any-trip oil which happens to
be still present in the cylinder is allowed to flow
into the spring compartment from where it will
be drained through pipe. connection (18).


Testing device

The testing device provided allows checking the
proper functioning of the emergency stop valve
also during regular turbine operation. The
principal parts of this device are the test piston
(21) in the hydraulic section, as pressure-oil
connection (24) with a mini valve (23), ad a
pressure (22) for observing the test pressure.


By opening the mini-valve, pressure oil will be
admitted to the space behind the test piston
which will then be pushed into its ultimate left
position so that the piston (20) will move the
piston rod and valve spindle into the test
pressure.





























By opening the mini-valve, pressure oil will be
admitted to the space behind the test piston
which will then be pushed into its ultimate left
position so that the piston (20) will move the
piston rod and valve spindle into the closing
direction.


Test pressures

The test pressure P
1
required for the above
checking operation can be calculated by the
formula given hereafter. The actually applied
test pressure P
2
will be read on the pressure
gauge (22). If pressure P
2
which is observed
on the gauge is in excess of the permissible
test pressure P
1
. This will be indicative for
deposits of salt or oil carbon having formed
on the valve spindle or piston rod,
respectively. In order to restore the smooth
condition of the spindle surfaces in such an
event the test must be repeated a number of
times. if this fails to reduce the actually
required test pressure P
2
below the
permissible limit, the emergency stop valve
has to be disassembled for clearing the fault.
The above mentioned test may be carried our
during ordinary turbine operation and at any
load up to and including rated load.





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In the event of failure of low vacuum trips, the
pressure in the turbine exhaust rises to an
excessively high level. This causes the
diaphragm to rupture there by preventing any
damage to turbine internals. The diaphragm
consists of a thin rolled lead plate. To insure
that the remains of the diaphragm and rupturing
































Disc are not carried along by the blow-off
steam, a cage with brackets (5) is provided.
As long as there is a vacuum in the
condenser the atmospheric pressure forces
the blow-out diaphragm and the rupturing disc
against the supporting flange (3).





1. Rupturing disc
2. Breakable diaphragm
3. Supporting flange
4. Gasket
5. Cylindrical cage with brackets