Combined

Today is Tuesday, June 10, 2014
Republic of the Philippines

SUPREME COURT
Manila
EN BANC
A.C. NO. 10050 December 3, 2013
VICTORIA C. HEENAN, Complainant,
vs.
ATTY. ERLINA ESPEJO, Respondent.
D E C I S I O N
VELASCO, JR., J.:
This resolves the administrative complaint filed by Victoria Heenan (Victoria) against Atty. Erlina Espejo (Atty.
Espejo) before the Commission on Bar Discipline (CBD) of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) for violation of
lawyers oath, docketed as CBD Case No. 10-2631.
The Facts
Sometime in January 2009, Victoria met Atty. Espejo through her godmother, Corazon Eusebio (Corazon). Following
the introduction, Corazon told Victoria that Atty. Espejo was her lawyer in need of money and wanted to borrow two
hundred fifty thousand pesos (PhP 250,000) from her (Victoria). Shortly thereafter, Victoria went to the house of
Corazon for a meeting with Atty. Espejo where they discussed the terms of the loan. Since Atty. Espejo was
introduced to her as her godmothers lawyer, Victoria found no reason to distrust the former. Hence, during the same
meeting, Victoria agreed to accomodate Atty. Espejo and there and then handed to the latter the amount of PhP
250,000. To secure the payment of the loan, Atty. Espejo simultaneously issued and turned over to Victoria a check
1
dated February 2, 2009 for two hundred seventy-five thousand pesos (PhP 275,000) covering the loan amount and
agreed interest. On due date, Atty. Espejo requested Victoria to delay the deposit of the check for the reason that
she was still waiting for the release of the proceeds of a bank loan to fund the check. However, after a couple of
months of waiting, Victoria received no word from Atty. Espejo as to whether or not the check was already funded
enough. In July 2009, Victoria received an Espejo-issued check dated July 10, 2009 in the amount of fifty thousand
pesos (PhP 50,000)
2
representing the interest which accrued due to the late payment of the principal obligation.
Victoria deposited the said check but, to her dismay, the check bounced due to insufficiency of funds. Atty. Espejo
failed to pay despite Victorias repeated demands. Worried that she would not be able to recover the amount thus
lent, Victoria decided to deposit to her account the first check in the amount of PhP 275,000, but without notifying
Atty. Espejo of the fact. However, the said check was also dishonored due to insufficiency of funds. Victoria
thereafter became more aggressive in her efforts to recover her money. She, for instance, personally handed to Atty.
Espejo a demand letter dated August 3, 2009.
3
When Atty. Espejo still refused to pay, Victoria filed a criminal complaint against Atty. Espejo on August 18, 2009 for
violation of Batas Pambansa Blg. 22 and Estafa under Article 315 of the Revised Penal Code, as amended, before
the Quezon City Prosecutors Office.
4
Atty. Espejo disregarded the notices and subpoenas issued by the Quezon City Prosecutors Office which she
personally received and continued to ignore Victorias demands. She attended only one (1) scheduled preliminary
investigation where she promised to pay her loan obligation.
5
In November 2009, Atty. Espejo issued another check dated December 8, 2009 in the amount of two hundred
seventy five thousand pesos (PhP 275,000.). However, to Victorias chagrin, the said check was again dishonored
due to insufficiency of funds.
6
Atty. Espejo did not file any counter-affidavit or pleading to answer the charges
against her. On November 17, 2009, the case was submitted for resolution without Atty. Espejos participation.
7
Victoria thereafter filed the instant administrative case against Atty. Espejo before the CBD. On March 1, 2010, the
CBD, through Director for Bar Discipline Alicia A. Risos-Vidal, issued an Order
8
directing Atty. Espejo to submit her
Answer to Victorias administrative complaint failing which would render her in default. The warning,
Answer to Victorias administrative complaint failing which would render her in default. The warning,
notwithstanding, Atty. Espejo did not submit any Answer. On May 5, 2010, IBP Commissioner Rebecca Villanueva-
Malala (Commissioner Villanueva-Malala) notified the parties to appear for a mandatory conference set on June 2,
2010. The notice stated that non-appearance of either of the parties shall be deemed a waiver of her right to
participate in further proceedings.
9
At the mandatory conference, only Victoria appeared.
10
Thus, Commissioner Villanueva-Malala issued an Order
11
noting Atty. Espejos failure to appear during the
mandatory conference and her failure to file an Answer. Accordingly, Atty. Espejo was declared in default. Victoria,
on the other hand, was directed to file her verified position paper, which she filed on June 11, 2010.
12
Findings and Recommendation of the IBP
In its Report and Recommendation
13
dated July 15, 2010, the CBD recommended the suspension of Atty. Espejo
from the practice of law and as a member of the Bar for a period of five (5) years.
The CBD reasoned:
The failure of a lawyer to answer the complaint for disbarment despite due notice and to appear on the scheduled
hearings set, shows his flouting resistance to lawful orders of the court and illustrates his deficiency for his oath of
office as a lawyer, which deserves disciplinary sanction.
Moreover, respondent[s] acts of issuing checks with insufficient funds and despite repeated demands [she] failed to
comply with her obligation and her disregard and failure to appear for preliminary investigation and to submit her
counter-affidavit to answer the charges against her for Estafa and Violation of BP 22, constitute grave misconduct
that also warrant disciplinary action against respondent.
On December 14, 2012, the Board of Governors passed a Resolution
14
adopting the Report and Recommendation
of the CBD with the modification lowering Atty. Espejos suspension from five (5) years to two (2) years. Atty. Espejo
was also ordered to return to Victoria the amount of PhP 250,000 within thirty (30) days from receipt of notice with
legal interest reckoned from the time the demand was made. The Resolution reads:
RESOLVED to ADOPT and APPROVE, as it is hereby unanimously ADOPTED and APPROVED, with modification,
the Report and Recommendation of the Investigating Commissioner in the above-entitled case, herein made part of
this Resolution as Annex "A", and finding the recommendation fully supported by the evidence on record and
applicable laws and rules, and considering respondents grave misconduct, Atty. Erlinda Espejo is hereby
SUSPENDED from the practice of law for two (2) years and Ordered to Return to complainant the amount of Two
Hundred Fifty Thousand (P250,000.00) Pesos within thirty (30) days from receipt of notice with legal interest
reckoned from the time the demand was made.
On August 8, 2013, the CBD transmitted to this Court the Notice of the Resolution pertaining to Resolution No. XX-
2012-419 along with the records of this case.
15
The Courts Ruling
We sustain the findings of the IBP and adopt its recommendation in part. Atty. Espejo did not deny obtaining a loan
from Victoria or traverse allegations that she issued unfunded checks to pay her obligation. It has already been
settled that the deliberate failure to pay just debts and the issuance of worthless checks constitute gross
misconduct, for which a lawyer may be sanctioned.
16
Verily, lawyers must at all times faithfully perform their duties to society, to the bar, to the courts and to their clients.
In Tomlin II v. Moya II, We explained that the prompt payment of financial obligations is one of the duties of a lawyer,
thus:
In the present case, respondent admitted his monetary obligations to the complaint but offered no justifiable reason
for his continued refusal to pay. Complainant made several demands, both verbal and written, but respondent just
ignored them and even made himself scarce. Although he acknowledged his financial obligations to complainant,
respondent never offered nor made arrangements to pay his debt. On the contrary, he refused to recognize any
wrong doing nor shown remorse for issuing worthless checks, an act constituting gross misconduct. Respondent
must be reminded that it is his duty as a lawyer to faithfully perform at all times his duties to society, to the bar, to the
courts and to his clients. As part of his duties, he must promptly pay his financial obligations.
17
The fact that Atty. Espejo obtained the loan and issued the worthless checks in her private capacity and not as an
attorney of Victoria is of no moment. As We have held in several cases, a lawyer may be disciplined not only for
malpractice and dishonesty in his profession but also for gross misconduct outside of his professional capacity.
While the Court may not ordinarily discipline a lawyer for misconduct committed in his non- professional or private
capacity, the Court may be justified in suspending or removing him as an attorney where his misconduct outside of
the lawyers professional dealings is so gross in character as to show him morally unfit and unworthy of the privilege
which his licenses and the law confer.
18
In Wilkie v. Limos, We reiterated that the issuance of a series of worthless checks, which is exactly what Atty. Espejo
committed in this case, manifests a lawyers low regard for her commitment to her oath, for which she may be
disciplined. Thus:
We have held that the issuance of checks which were later dishonored for having been drawn against a closed
account indicates a lawyers unfitness for the trust and confidence reposed on her. It shows a lack of personal
honesty and good moral character as to render her unworthy of public confidence. The issuance of a series of
worthless checks also shows the remorseless attitude of respondent, unmindful to the deleterious effects of such act
to the public interest and public order. It also manifests a lawyers low regard to her commitment to the oath she has
taken when she joined her peers, seriously and irreparably tarnishing the image of the profession she should hold in
high esteem.
x x x x
In Barrios v. Martinez, we disbarred the respondent who issued worthless checks for which he was convicted in the
criminal case filed against him. In Lao v. Medel, we held that the deliberate failure to pay just debts and the issuance
of worthless checks constitute gross misconduct, for which a lawyer may be sanctioned with one-year suspension
from the practice of law. The same sanction was imposed on the respondent-lawyer in Rangwani v. Dino having
been found guilty of gross misconduct for issuing bad checks in payment of a piece of property the title of which was
only entrusted to him by the complainant.
19
Further, the misconduct of Atty. Espejo is aggravated by her unjustified refusal to obey the orders of the IBP
directing her to file an answer to the complaint of Victoria and to appear at the scheduled mandatory conference.
This constitutes blatant disrespect for the IBP which amounts to conduct unbecoming a lawyer. In Almendarez, Jr. v.
Langit, We held that a lawyer must maintain respect not only for the courts, but also for judicial officers and other
duly constituted authorities, including the IBP:
The misconduct of respondent is aggravated by his unjustified refusal to heed the orders of the IBP requiring him to
file an answer to the complaint-affidavit and, afterwards, to appear at the mandatory conference. Although
respondent did not appear at the conference, the IBP gave him another chance to defend himself through a position
paper. Still, respondent ignored this directive, exhibiting a blatant disrespect for authority. Indeed, he is justly
charged with conduct unbecoming a lawyer, for a lawyer is expected to uphold the law and promote respect for legal
processes. Further, a lawyer must observe and maintain respect not only to the courts, but also to judicial officers
and other duly constituted authorities, including the IBP. Under Rule 139-B of the Rules of Court, the Court has
empowered the IBP to conduct proceedings for the disbarment, suspension, or discipline of attorneys.
20
Undoubtedly, Atty. Espejos issuance of worthless checks and her blatant refusal to heed the directives of the
Quezon City Prosecutors Office and the IBP contravene Canon 1, Rule 1.01; Canon 7, Rule 7.03; and Canon 11 of
the Code of Professional Responsibility, which provide:
CANON 1 A LAWYER SHALL UPHOLD THE CONSTITUTION, OBEY THE LAWS OF THE LAND AND
PROMOTE RESPECT FOR THE LAW AND LEGAL PROCESSES. Rule 1.01. A lawyer shall not engage in
unlawful, dishonest, immoral or deceitful conduct. CANON 7 A LAWYER SHALL AT ALL TIMES UPHOLD THE
INTEGRITY AND DIGNITY OF THE LEGAL PROFESSION AND SUPPORT THE ACTIVITIES OF THE
INTEGRATED BAR. Rule 7.03 A lawyer shall not engage in conduct that adversely reflects on his fitness to
practice law, nor shall he, whether in public or private life, behave in a scandalous manner to the discredit of the
legal profession. CANON 11 A LAWYER SHALL OBSERVE AND MAINTAIN THE RESPECT DUE TO THE
COURTS AND TO JUDICIAL OFFICES AND SHOULD INSIST ON SIMILAR CONDUCT BY OTHERS.
We find the penalty of suspension from the practice of law for two (2) years, as recommended by the IBP,
commensurate under the circumstances. We, however, cannot sustain the IBPs recommendation ordering Atty.
Espejo to return the money she borrowed from Victoria. In disciplinary proceedings against lawyers, the only issue is
whether the officer of the court is still fit to be allowed to continue as a member of the Bar. Our only concern is the
determination of respondents administrative liability. Our findings have no material bearing on other judicial action
which the parties may to choose me against each other. Furthermore, disciplinary proceedings against lawyers do
not involve a trial of an action, but rather investigations by the Court into the conduct of one of its officers. The only
question for determination in these proceedings is whether or not the attorney is still fit to be allowed to continue as
a member of the Bar. Thus, this Court cannot rule on the issue of the amount of money that should be returned to
the complainant.
22
WHEREFORE, We find Atty. Erlinda B. Espejo GUILTY of gross misconduct and violating Canons 1, 7 and 11 of the
Code of Professional Responsibility. We SUSPEND respondent from the practice of law for two (2) years affective
immediately.
Let copies of this Decision be furnished the Office of the Court Administrator for dissemination to all courts, the
Integrated Bar of the Philippines and the Office of the Bar Confidant and recorded in the personal files of
respondent.
SO ORDERED.
PREBITERIO J. VELASCO, JR.
Associate Justice
WE CONCUR:
MARIANO LOURDES P.A. SERENO
Chief Justice
ANTONIO T. CARPIO
Associate Justice
(On official leave)
TERESITA J. LEONARDO DE CASTRO
*
Associate Justice
ARTURO D. BRION
Associate Justice
DIOSDADO M. PERALTA
Associate Justice
LUCAS P. BERSAMIN
Associate Justice
MARIANO C. DEL CASTILLO
Associate Justice
ROBERTO A. ABAD
Associate Justice
MARTIN S. VILLARAMA, JR.
Associate Justice
JOSE PORTUGAL PEREZ
Associate Justice
JOSE CATRAL MENDOZA
Associate Justice
BIENVENIDO L. REYES
Associate Justice
ESTELA M. PERLAS-BERNABE
Associate Justice
MARVIC MARIO VICTOR F. LEONEN
Associate Justice
Footnotes
*
On Official leave.
1
Rollo, p. 34.
The Real Bank Check No. 3026852, Annex "A" of Victoria C. Heenans Position Paper.
2
Id. at 35. The Real Bank Check No. 3152815, Annex "B" of Victoria C. Heenans Position Paper.
3
Id. at 36. Annex "C" of Victoria C. Heenans Position Paper.
4
Id. at 38.
5
Id. at 21-22.
6
Id. at 50.
7
Id. at 22.
SUPREME COURT
Manila
THIRD DIVISION
A.C. No. 6942 July 17, 2013
SONIC STEEL INDUSTRIES, INC., COMPLAINANT,
vs.
ATTY. NONNATUS P. CHUA, RESPONDENT.
D E C I S I O N
PERALTA, J.:
Before us is a complaint for disbarment filed by complainant Sonic Steel Industries, Inc. against respondent, Atty.
Nonnatus P. Chua.
The facts follow.
Complainant is a corporation doing business as a manufacturer and distributor of zinc and aluminum-zinc coated
metal sheets known in the market as Superzinc and Superlume. On the other hand, respondent is the Vice-
President, Corporate Legal Counsel and Assistant Corporate Secretary of Steel Corporation (STEELCORP).
The controversy arose when, on September 5, 2005, STEELCORP, with the assistance of the National Bureau of
Investigation, applied for and was granted by the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Cavite City, Branch 17, a Search
Warrant directed against complainant.
On the strength of the search warrant, complainants factory was searched and, consequently, properties were
seized. A week after, STEELCORP filed before the Department of Justice a complaint for violation of Section 168, in
relation to Section 170, of Republic Act No. 8293
1
against complainant and the latters officers.
Based on three documents, to wit: (1) the Affidavit of Mr. Antonio Lorenzana (Executive Vice-President of
STEELCORP), in support of the application for the Search Warrant; (2) the exchange between Mr. Lorenzana and
Judge Melchor Sadang of Branch 17, RTC of Cavite, during the searching inquiry conducted by the latter for the
application for warrant, as evidenced by the Transcript of Stenographic Notes (TSN) dated September 5, 2005 in
People v. John Doe a.k.a. Anthony Ong, et al.; and (3) the Complaint-Affidavit executed by respondent and filed
before the Department of Justice, complainant asserts that respondent performed the ensuing acts:
(a)
In stating that STEELCORP is the exclusive licensee of Philippine Patent No. 16269, respondent deliberately misled
the court as well as the Department of Justice, because Letters Patent No. 16269 have already lapsed, making it
part of the public domain.
(b)
In refusing to provide the RTC of Cavite City, Branch 17 a copy of the patent, respondent intentionally deceived said
court because even the first page of the patent will clearly show that said patent already lapsed. It appears that
Letters Patent No. 16269 was issued on August 25, 1983 and therefore had already lapsed rendering it part of the
public domain as early as 2000. Had respondent shown a copy of the patent to the judge, said judge would not have
been misled into issuing the search warrant because any person would know that a patent has a lifetime of 17 years
under the old law and 20 years under R.A. 8293. Either way, it is apparent from the face of the patent that it is
already a lapsed patent and therefore cannot be made basis for a supposed case of infringement more so as basis
for the application for the issuance of a search warrant.
In the affidavit submitted by Mr. Antonio Lorenzana, complainant asserts that the same includes statements
expressing that STEELCORP is the licensee of Philippine Patent No. 16269, to wit:
2. STEELCORP is the exclusive licensee of and manufacturer in the Philippines of "GALVALUME" metal sheet
products, which are coated with aluminum-zinc alloy, produced by using the technical information and the patent on
Hot Dip Coating of Ferrous Strands with Patent Registration No. 16269 issued by the Philippine Intellectual Property
Office ("IPO"), a process licensed by BIEC International, Inc. to STEELCORP for the amount of over Two Million
Five Hundred Thousand U.S. Dollars ($2,500,000.00).
x x x x
7. Specifically, the acts committed by RESPONDENTS of storing, selling, retailing, distributing, importing, dealing
with or otherwise disposing of "SUPERLUME" metal sheet products which are similarly coated with aluminum-zinc
alloy and cannot be produced without utilizing the same basic technical information and the registered patent used
by STEELCORP to manufacture "GALVALUME" metal sheet products, the entire process of which has been lawfully
and exclusively licensed to STEELCORP by BIEC International, Inc., constitute unfair competition in that
x x x x
b. While SUPERLUME metal sheets have the same general appearance as those of GALVALUME metal sheets
which are similarly coated with aluminum-zinc alloy, produced by using the same technical information and the
aforementioned registered patent exclusively licensed to and manufactured in the Philippines since 1999 by
STEELCORP, the machinery and process for the production of SUPERLUME metal sheet products were not
installed and formulated with the technical expertise of BIEC International, Inc. to enable the SONIC to achieve the
optimum results in the production of aluminum-zinc alloy-coated metal sheets;
x x x x
8. On the [bases] of the foregoing analyses of the features and characteristics of RESPONDENTS SUPERLUME
metal sheet products, the process by which they are manufactured and produced certainly involves an assembly
line that substantially conforms with the technical information and registered patent licensed to STEELCORP, which
should include, but are not limited to, the following major components and specifications, viz.:
x x x x
9. It is plain from the physical appearance and features of the metal sheets which are coated with aluminum-zinc
alloy and produced by using the technical information and the registered patent exclusively licensed to
STEELCORP by BIEC International, Inc.; the mark ending with the identical syllable "LUME" to emphasize its major
component (i.e., aluminum) which is used in Respondents "SUPERLUME" metal sheets while having the same
general appearance of STEELCORPs genuine "GALVALUME" metal sheets, that the intention of RESPONDENTS
is to cash in on the goodwill of STEELCORP by passing off its "SUPERLUME" metal sheet products as those of
STEELCORPs "GALVALUME" metal sheet products, which increases the inducement of the ordinary customer to
buy the deceptively manufactured and unauthorized production of "SUPERLUME" metal sheet products.
x x x x
11. STEELCORP has lost and will continue to lose substantial revenues and will sustain damages as a result of the
wrongful conduct of RESPONDENTS and their deceptive use of the technical information and registered patent,
exclusively licensed to STEELCORP, as well as the other features of their SUPERLUME metal sheets, that have the
same general appearance as the genuine GALVALUME metal sheets of STEELCORP. The conduct of
RESPONDENTS has also deprived and will continue to deprive STEELCORP of opportunities to expand its
goodwill.
2
Also, in the searching questions of Judge Melchor Sadang of the RTC of Cavite City, Branch 17, complainant
asserts that respondent deliberately misled and intentionally deceived the court in refusing to provide a copy of
Philippine Patent No. 16269 during the hearing for the application for a search warrant, to wit:
[COURT to Mr. Lorenzana]
Q: You stated here in your affidavit that you are the Executive Vice-President of Steel Corporation of the Philippines.
Is that correct?
A: Yes sir.
Q: You also state that Steel Corporation owns a patent exclusively licensed to Steel Corporation by BIEC
Q: You also state that Steel Corporation owns a patent exclusively licensed to Steel Corporation by BIEC
International, Inc. Do you have document to show that?
ATTY. CHUA: We reserve the presentation of the trademark license, your Honor.
Q: Why are you applying a search warrant against the respondent Sonic Steel Industries?
A: We will know that Sonic is not licensed to produce that product coming from the technology which is exclusively
licensed to our Company, your Honor. We know that from our own knowledge. Also, the investigation of the NBI
confirms further that the product has already been in the market for quite some time. As a product, it has the same
feature and characteristic as that of GALVALUME, your Honor.
Q: In other words, you are not saying that Sonic is using the trademark GALVALUME but only using the technology
of the process which is only licensed to Steel Corporation. Is that correct?
A: Yes, your Honor.
x x x x
Court to Lorenzana:
Q: The patent on the Hot Dip Coating of Ferrous Strands, do you have a document regarding that?
A: Yes, your Honor. It is in the office.
ATTY. CHUA: We reserve the right to present it, your Honor.
Court:
Q: You stated a while ago that it is the Steel Corporation that has been licensed by the BIEC International to
manufacture sheet products which are coated with aluminum-zinc alloy. Is that correct?
A: Yes, your Honor.
3
Subsequently, respondent initiated a complaint for violation of Section 168 of Republic Act No. 8293 against
complainant, as well as its officers, before the Department of Justice. In his complaint-affidavit, respondent stated
that STEELCORP is the exclusive licensee of Philippine Patent No. 16269 on Hot Dip Coating of Ferrous Strands
which was allegedly violated by complainant. Thus:
2. STEELCORP is the exclusive licensee and manufacturer in the Philippines of "GALVALUME" metal sheet
products, which are coated with aluminum-zinc alloy, produced by using the technical information and the patent on
Hot Dip Coating of Ferrous Strands with Patent Registration No. 16269, issued by the Philippine Intellectual
Property Office ("IPO"), a process licensed by BIEC International, Inc. to STEELCORP for the amount of over Two
Million Five Hundred Thousand U.S. Dollars ($2,500,000.00).
x x x x
13. x x x x
b. While SUPERLUME metal sheets have the same general appearance as those of GALVALUME metal sheets
which are similarly coated with aluminum-zinc alloy, produced by using the same technical information and the
aforementioned registered patent exclusively licensed to and manufactured in the Philippines since 1999 by
STEELCORP, the machinery and process for the production of SUPERLUME metal sheet products were not
installed and formulated with the technical expertise of BIEC International, Inc. to enable SONIC to achieve the
optimum results in the production of aluminum-zinc alloy-coated metal sheets;
x x x x
15. The natural, probable and foreseeable result of RESPONDENTS conduct is to continue to deprive
STEELCORP of the exclusive benefits of using the technical information and patent for the manufacture and
distribution of aluminum-zinc alloy-coated metal sheet products, deprive STEELCORP of sales and goodwill, and
continue to injure STEELCORPs relations with present and prospective customers.
16. STEELCORP has lost and will continue to lose substantial revenues and will sustain damages as a result of the
wrongful conduct by RESPONDENTS and their deceptive use the technical information and patent, exclusively
licensed by BIEC International, Inc. to STEELCORP, used and/or intended to be used by RESPONDENTS for the
manufacture, retail, dealings with or otherwise disposals of unauthorized SUPERLUME aluminum-zinc alloy-coated
manufacture, retail, dealings with or otherwise disposals of unauthorized SUPERLUME aluminum-zinc alloy-coated
metal sheet products, as well as the other features of its product, having the same general appearance and
characteristics as those of the genuine GALVALUME aluminum-zinc alloy-coated metal sheet products.
RESPONDENTS conduct has also deprived STEELCORP and will continue to deprive STEELCORP of
opportunities to expand its goodwill.
4
For his part, respondent counters that he never made an allegation or reservation that STEELCORP owned
Philippine Patent No. 16269. He asserts that he merely reserved the right to present the trademark license
exclusively licensed to STEELCORP by BIEC International, Inc. which is composed of the technical information and
the patent used to produce GALVALUME metal sheet products, the same technology being utilized by complainant
without authority from STEELCORP.
Respondent further avers that the Complaint-Affidavit filed before the Department of Justice did not categorically
claim that STEELCORP is the owner of the patent, but simply that STEELCORP is the exclusive licensee of the
process by which GALVALUME is produced.
The complaint was then referred to the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) for investigation, report and
recommendation.
In its Report and Recommendation dated July 10, 2007, the IBPs Commission on Bar Discipline resolved to
suspend respondent from the practice of law for three (3) months with admonition that a repetition of the same or
similar act in the future will be dealt with more severely.
On August 17, 2007, the IBP Board of Governors passed Resolution No. XVIII-2007-76 wherein it resolved to adopt
and approve the Report and Recommendation of the Investigating Officer of the Commission on Bar Discipline, with
the modification that respondent is suspended from the practice of law for six (6) months.
Unfazed, respondent filed a Motion for Reconsideration against said Resolution, but the same was denied on
January 14, 2012.
Accordingly, the Resolution, together with the records of the case, was transmitted to this Court for final action.
We affirm in toto the findings and recommendations of the IBP.
Pertinent provisions in the Code of Professional Responsibility state:
Canon 1 A lawyer shall uphold the Constitution, obey the laws of the land and promote respect for the law and
legal process.
Rule 1.01 A lawyer shall not engage in unlawful, dishonest and immoral or deceitful conduct.
x x x x
Canon 10 A lawyer owes candor, fairness and good faith to the court.
Rule 10.01 A lawyer shall do no falsehood, nor consent to the doing of any in Court, nor shall he mislead or allow
the Court to be misled by an artifice.
Lawyers are officers of the court, called upon to assist in the administration of justice. They act as vanguards of our
legal system, protecting and upholding truth and the rule of law. They are expected to act with honesty in all their
dealings, especially with the court. Verily, the Code of Professional Responsibility enjoins lawyers from committing
or consenting to any falsehood in court or from allowing the courts to be misled by any artifice. Moreover, they are
obliged to observe the rules of procedure and not to misuse them to defeat the ends of justice.
5
In the present case, it appears that respondent claimed or made to appear that STEELCORP was the licensee of
the technical information and the patent on Hot Dip Coating of Ferrous Strands or Philippine Patent No. 16269.
However, an extensive investigation made by the IBPs Commission on Bar Discipline showed that STEELCORP
only has rights as a licensee of the technical information and not the rights as a licensee of the patent, viz.:
x x x In respondents words and crafted explanation, he claimed that STEELCORP had rights as a licensee of the
process, consisting of a combination of the Technical Information and the Patent. Considering, however, that
STEELCORPs rights as a licensee of the process is severable into (a) rights as licensee of the technical information
and (b) rights as a licensee of Patent No. 16269, respondent was less than candid in asserting that STEELCORP
had rights to the entire process during the relevant periods, as will be explained below.
Under the TECHNICAL INFORMATION AND PATENT LICENSE AGREEMENT between STEELCORP and BIEC
International, Inc., the terms "technical information" and "patent" are separate and distinct. Thus, technical
International, Inc., the terms "technical information" and "patent" are separate and distinct. Thus, technical
information is defined under such contract as "Licensors existing proprietary data, know-how and technical
information which relates to the subject of Sheet and/or Strip coated with an aluminum-zinc alloy xxx and to facilities
and equipment for the manufacture and use thereof and to data, know-how and technical information applicable
thereto as of the Effective Date xxxx." On the other hand, Licensed Patent is defined therein as "Patent No. 16269"
entitled "Hot dip coating of ferrous strands." The combination of such proprietary data, know-how and the patent on
Hot Dip Coating of Ferrous Strands is the process over which STEELCORP claims it had proprietary license, and
represents the same process used by STEELCORP in producing GALVALUME products. This is supposedly the
basis upon which STEELCORP (through Mr. Lorenzana in his Affidavit in support of the application for a search
warrant, presumably under the direction of respondent) and respondent (in his Complaint-Affidavit before the
Department of Justice) asserted then that it was the exclusive licensee of the technical information and registered
Patent No. 16269.
However, from the time that STEELCORP applied for a search warrant over SONIC STEELs premises (through the
affidavit of Mr. Lorenzana and presumably with respondents strategy as counsel), Patent No. 16269 had long
expired. This fact is crucial in that the license STEELCORP had, as claimed by respondent, was over the entire
process and not just the technical information as a component thereof. Accordingly, when the application for search
was filed and when respondent subscribed to his Complaint-Affidavit before the Department of Justice,
STEELCORP had no more exclusive license to Patent No. 16269. Said patent had already become free for
anyones use, including SONIC STEEL. All that STEELCORP possessed during those times was the residual right
to use (even if exclusively) just the technical information defined in its agreement with BIEC International, Inc.
STEELCORP had only an incomplete license over the process. The expiration of the patent effectively negated and
rendered irrelevant respondents defense of subsistence of the contract between STEELCORP and BIEC
International, Inc. during the filing of the application for search warrant and filing of respondents affidavit before the
Department of justice. There is basis, therefore, to the claim that respondent has not been "candid enough" in his
actuations.
It would also appear that respondent was wanting in candor as regards his dealings with the lower court.1wphi1 The
interjection made by respondent during Judge Sadangs (Branch 17, Regional Trial Court of Cavite) searching
examination of Mr. Lorenzana illustrates this, viz.:
Q: You also state here that Steel Corporation owns a patent exclusively licensed to Steel Corporation by BIEC
International, Inc. Do you have a document to show that?
ATTY. CHUA: We reserve the presentation of the trademark license, your Honor.
x x x x x x x x x
Q: The patent on the Hot Dip Coating of Ferrous Strands, do you have a document regarding that?
A: Yes, your Honor. It is in the office.
ATTY. CHUA: We reserve the right to present it, your Honor.
It is worth underscoring that although Judge Sadang addressed his questions solely to Mr. Lorenzana, respondent
was conveniently quick to interrupt and manifest his clients reservation to present the trademark license.
Respondent was equally swift to end Judge Sadangs inquiry over the patent by reserving the right to present the
same at another time. While it is not the Commissions province to dwell with suppositions and hypotheses, it is well
within its powers to make reasonable inferences from established facts. Given that Patent No. 16269 had been in
expiry for more than five (5) years when Judge Sadang propounded his questions, it logically appears that
respondent, in making such reservations in open court, was trying to conceal from the former the fact of the patents
expiration so as to facilitate the grant of the search warrant in favor of STEELCORP. This is contrary to the exacting
standards of conduct required from a member of the Bar.
Indeed, the practice of law is not a right but merely a privilege bestowed upon by the State upon those who show
that they possess, and continue to possess, the qualifications required by law for the conferment of such privilege.
One of those requirements is the observance of honesty and candor. Candor in all their dealings is the very essence
of a practitioners honorable membership in the legal profession. Lawyers are required to act with the highest
standard of truthfulness, fair play and nobility in the conduct of litigation and in their relations with their clients, the
opposing parties, the other counsels and the courts. They are bound by their oath to speak the truth and to conduct
themselves according to the best of their knowledge and discretion, and with fidelity to the courts and their clients.
6
From the foregoing, it is clear that respondent violated his duties as a lawyer to avoid dishonest and deceitful
conduct, (Rule 1.01, Canon 1) and to act with candor, fairness and good faith (Rule 10.01, Canon 10). Also,
respondent desecrated the solemn oath he took before this Court when he sought admission to the bar, i.e., not to
respondent desecrated the solemn oath he took before this Court when he sought admission to the bar, i.e., not to
do any falsehood nor consent to the doing of any in Court. Thus, even at the risk of jeopardizing the probability of
prevailing on STEELCORPs application for a search warrant, respondent should have informed the court of the
patents expiration so as to allow the latter to make an informed decision given all available and pertinent facts.
WHEREFORE, premises considered, respondent Atty. Nonnatus P. Chua is hereby SUSPENDED from the practice
of law for six (6) months with ADMONITION that a repetition of the same or similar act in the future will be dealt with
more severely.
SO ORDERED.
Velasco, Jr., (Chairperson), Abad, Mendoza, and Leonen, JJ., concur.
July 23, 2013
N O T I C E OF J U D G M E N T
Sirs/Mesdames:
Please take notice that on ___July 17, 2013___ a Decision, copy attached herewith, was rendered by
the Supreme Court in the above-entitled case, the original of which was received by this Office on July
23, 2013 at 10:45 a.m.
Very truly yours,
(SGD)
LUCITA ABJELINA SORIANO
Division Clerk of Court
Footnotes
1
An Act Prescribing the Intellectual Property Code and Establishing the Intellectual Property Office, Providing
for its Powers and Functions, and For Other Purposes.
2
Rollo, pp. 20-23. (Emphasis and underscoring supplied)
3
Id. at 103-127. (Emphasis and underscoring supplied)
4
Id. at 191-195. (Underscoring supplied)
5
Plus Builders, Inc. v. Revilla, Jr., 533 Phil. 250, 259 (2006).
6
Yap-Paras v. Paras, 491 Phil. 382, 390-391 (2005). (Citations omitted)
The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation
Search
SUPREME COURT
Manila
EN BANC
A.C. No. 9608 November 27, 2012
MARIA VICTORIA B. VENTURA, Complainant,
vs.
ATTY. DANILO S. SAMSON, Respondent.
D E C I S I O N
PER CURIAM:
The Court has often reminded members of the bar to live up to the standards and norms of the legal profession by
upholding the ideals and principles embodied in the Code of Professional Responsibility. Lawyers are bound to
maintain not only a high standard of legal proficiency, but also of morality, honesty, integrity and fair dealing.
Lawyers are at all times subject to the watchful public eye and community approbation. Needless to state, those
whose conduct both public and private fail this scrutiny have to be disciplined and, after appropriate
proceedings, accordingly penalized.
1
Complainant Maria Victoria B. Ventura filed on July 29, 2004 a Complaint
2
for Disbarment or Suspension before the
Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) Commission on Bar Discipline against respondent Atty. Danilo S. Samson for
"grossly immoral conduct."
In her complaint, complainant alleged that
2. The herein Complainant MARIA VICTORIA B. VENTURA executed a Sworn Statement dated 19 April 2002
and a Supplemental-Complaint dated 10 May 2002 stating therein that the crime of RAPE was committed
against her person sometime in December, 2001 and on 19 March 2002 when she was merely thirteen (13)
years of age by herein Respondent ATTY. DANILO S. SAMSON, then thirty eight (38) years old, married to
Teresita B. Samson, Filipino and resident of Barangay 5, San Francisco, Agusan Del Sur, Philippines!.
3. In his Counter-Affidavit, herein Respondent ATTY. DANILO S. SAMSON admitted that sexual intercourse
indeed transpired between the herein Complainant MARIA VICTORIA B. VENTURA and himself!.
4. After the conduct of preliminary investigation, the Office of the Provincial Prosecutor of Agusan Del Sur,
Philippines issued a RESOLUTION dated 10 June 2002 dismissing the charge of RAPE and finding the
existence of probable cause for the crime of QUALIFIED SEDUCTION and issued the corresponding
INFORMATION for QUALIFIED SEDUCTION on 04 July 2002!.
5. Thereafter, the herein Complainant filed a MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION dated 26 August 2002
which was denied in the RESOLUTION dated 02 October 2002 of the Office of the Provincial Prosecutor of
Agusan Del Sur!.
6. The aforesaid RESOLUTION dated 02 October 2002 was elevated to the Department of Justice, by way of
a PETITION FOR REVIEW, and is pending resolution by the Department of Justice.
x x x x
8. The act/s committed by the herein Respondent Atty. Danilo S. Samson against the herein Complainant
MARIA VICTORIA B. VENTURA as hereinbefore stated clearly constitute ! "grossly immoral conduct" under
Section 27 of Rule 138 of the Rules of Court of the Philippines which provides for a penalty of "DISBARMENT
or SUSPENSION of an Attorney by the SUPREME COURT."
Complainant narrated in her Sworn Statement
3
that sometime in December 2001, at around midnight, she was
sleeping in the maids room at respondents house when respondent entered and went on top of her. Respondent
kissed her lips, sucked her breast, and succeeded in having sexual intercourse with her. She felt pain and found
blood stain in her panty. She stated that another incident happened on March 19, 2002 at respondents poultry farm
in Alegria, San Francisco, Agusan del Sur. Respondent asked her to go with him to the farm. He brought her to an
old shanty where he sexually abused her. Thereafter, respondent gave her five hundred pesos and warned her not
to tell anyone what had happened or he would kill her and her mother.
In her Supplemental-Complaint,
4
complainant averred that respondent allowed her to sleep in his house after her
mother agreed to let her stay there while she studied at the Agusan National High School. She further stated that on
the night she was sexually abused, she was awakened when respondent went on top of her. She struggled to free
herself and shouted, but respondent covered her mouth and nobody could hear as nobody was in the house.
Complainant also claimed that on March 19, 2002, between 5:00 p.m. to 6:00 pm, respondent forced her to ride a
multi-cab. When they arrived at his poultry farm in Alegria, respondent dragged her to a dilapidated shack. She
resisted his advances but her efforts proved futile.
Respondent alleged in his Answer
5
that
2. Respondent admits the allegations in paragraph 2 of the complaint to the effect that Maria Victoria Ventura
filed a complaint against him for Rape at the Provincial Prosecutors Office with qualification that the said
complaint for Rape was dismissed. Respondent, however, has no knowledge or information as to the truth of
the allegation that she was 13 years!.
x x x x
5. Respondent vehemently denies the truth of the allegations in paragraph 8 of the complaint to the effect that
the acts of respondent in having sex with complainant constitute ! grossly immoral conduct. The truth is that
the act of respondent in having sex with complainant was done with mutual agreement after respondent gave
money to complainant. Respondent respectfully submits that his act of having sex with complainant once
does not constitute! grossly immoral conduct.
There is no human law that punishes a person who has sex with a woman with mutual agreement and
complainant accepts compensation therefore. Having sex with complainant once with just compensation does
not amount to immoral conduct!.
x x x x
6. The complaint is instigated by Corazon Ventura who was an employee at the Law Office of respondent
herein. The said Corazon Ventura entertained hatred and had a grudge against the herein respondent who
terminated her services due to misunderstanding!.
7. The filing of the Criminal Case against respondent as well as this Administrative Case is a well
orchestrated and planned act of Corazon Ventura as vengeance against respondent as a result of her
separation from the employment in the Law Office of the respondent. This claim is supported by the Affidavit
of Natividad Ruluna, the former Office Clerk at the Law Office of respondent!.
8. To show that Corazon Ventura desires to get back at respondent, she demanded from respondent to settle
with her and demanded the payment of the amount of P2,000,000.00; otherwise she will file a case against
him in Court for Rape and for disbarment. Respondent did not come across with Corazon Ventura, the latter
made good her threats and filed the criminal case for Rape. [sic] When the case for rape did not prosper
because the Prosecutor dropped the Rape Case, Corazon Ventura sent word to respondent that she is
amenable for the amount of P400,000.00. In effect, Corazon Ventura wanted to extort from respondent so that
she can get even with him and his wife for separating her from the employment;
9. Complainant is a woman of loose moral character. This is supported by the Affidavit of Patronio Punayan,
Jr. which is hereto attached as Annex "3". And Corazon Ventura can afford to utilize Maria Victoria Ventura as
her instrument in putting down the respondent herein because Maria Victoria Ventura is not her biological
daughter and she knows before hand that her ward has a questionable reputation. The fact that Corazon
Ventura is not the biological mother of Maria Victoria Ventura is shown by the pre-trial order in Criminal Case
No. 5414!.
x x x x
Respondent has not violated any grounds mentioned in this rule. Respondent respectfully submits that his having
sex with complainant with just compensation once does not amount to immoral conduct. For who among men will
sex with complainant with just compensation once does not amount to immoral conduct. For who among men will
not yield to temptation when a woman shall invite him for sex?
Attached to respondents Answer is his Counter-Affidavit
6
which he submitted to the Provincial Prosecutor. He
alleged therein that complainant usually stayed late at night with her male friends when her mother was out of the
house. He claimed that he heard rumors that complainant had sexual affairs with different boys. Respondent
narrated that on March 19, 2002, he saw complainant with some of her classmates near their rented house.
Complainant told him that they wanted to go out to swim but they did not have money. When she asked if he could
spare some amount, he gave her money. He told her in jest that he wanted to see her that afternoon and go to a
place where they could be alone, and he was surprised when she agreed. He just thought that for complainant, sex
is a common thing despite her age. At around 5:00 p.m., he fetched complainant at her house. She casually walked
towards the car and boarded it. He told her that they will not check in a lodging house because people might
recognize him. Upon reaching his poultry farm, respondent met his farm worker and asked him if he could use the
latters hut. The farm worker agreed and they went straight to the hut.
Inside the farm workers hut, complainant did not hesitate in entering the room. Respondent did not notice any
involuntariness on her part as she undressed herself. He asserted that they had sexual intercourse based on their
mutual understanding. Thereafter, the complainant dressed up and walked back to the multi-cab where she waited
for him. He told her not to tell anyone about what had happened, to which she replied "natural buang kay motug-an"
meaning, shes not crazy as to tell anyone. He alleged that she accepted the money he gave because she needed
to buy some things but her mother did not give her any allowance. Respondent insisted that what happened
between them was the first and the last incident. He claimed that he was able to confirm that complainant is no
longer a virgin.
It likewise appears that the Investigating Prosecutors found that probable cause exists for respondent to stand trial
for qualified seduction.
7
The charge of rape, however, was dismissed for insufficiency of evidence. An Information
was filed with the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Agusan del Sur, Branch 6, but complainant who was not satisfied
with the dismissal of the rape charge, filed a motion for reconsideration. When said motion was denied, complainant
filed a petition for review with the Department of Justice (DOJ). However, the DOJ sustained the findings of the
prosecutor.
Then, on December 14, 2006, complainant and her mother appeared before the public prosecutor and executed
their respective Affidavits of Desistance.
8
Complainant stated that what happened between respondent and her in
March 2002 was based on mutual understanding. Thus, she was withdrawing the complaint she filed against
respondent before the RTC as well as the one she filed before the IBP Commission on Bar Discipline. Accordingly,
the criminal case against respondent was dismissed.
9
In its Report and Recommendation
10
dated October 10, 2007, the IBP Commission on Bar Discipline recommended
that respondent be suspended for a period of one year from the practice of law for immorality with the warning that
repetition of the same or similar act will merit a more severe penalty.
On November 10, 2007, the Board of Governors of the IBP issued Resolution No. XVIII-2007-237, to wit:
RESOLVED to ADOPT and APPROVE, as it is hereby unanimously ADOPTED and APPROVED with modification,
the Report and Recommendation of the Investigating Commissioner of the above-entitled case, herein made part of
this Resolution as Annex "A"; and, finding the recommendation fully supported by the evidence on record and the
applicable laws and rules, and considering that respondent is found guilty of immorality, the victim is a minor,
respondent and his wife was victims guardians and for being a married man, Atty. Danilo S. Samson is hereby
SUSPENDED from the practice of law for five (5) years with Stern Warning that repetition of the same or similar act
in the future will be dealt with more severely.
11
Complainant now moves to reconsider the IBP Resolution. She argues that the penalty imposed by the IBP is not
commensurate to the gravity and depravity of the offense. She contends that respondent committed grossly immoral
conduct by forcing himself to have sexual intercourse with a young and innocent lass of 13 years of age. He also
took advantage of his moral ascendancy over complainant considering that she was then staying at respondents
residence. Moreover, there was a betrayal of the marital vow of fidelity considering that respondent was a married
man. She insists that this detestable behavior renders respondent unfit and undeserving of the honor and privilege
which his license confers upon him.Thus, complainant prays that the penalty of disbarment be imposed.
12
Meanwhile, respondent also filed a Motion for Reconsideration
13
of the IBP Resolution. He asserts that complainant
has not presented any proof of her minority. Likewise, during the sexual encounter, complainant was not under their
custody. He contends that complainants mother even testified that her daughter stayed at respondents house only
until February 2002. He further stresses that because of his admission and remorse, and since this is the first time
until February 2002. He further stresses that because of his admission and remorse, and since this is the first time
he has been found administratively liable, he is entitled to a reduction of the penalty to one year suspension from the
practice of law.
The pertinent provisions in the Code of Professional Responsibility provide:
CANON 1 - A LAWYER SHALL UPHOLD THE CONSTITUTION, OBEY THE LAWS OF THE LAND AND
PROMOTE RESPECT FOR LAW AND LEGAL PROCESSES.
Rule 1.01. - A lawyer shall not engage in unlawful, dishonest, immoral or deceitful conduct.
x x x x
CANON 7 - A LAWYER SHALL AT ALL TIMES UPHOLD THE INTEGRITY AND DIGNITY OF THE LEGAL
PROFESSION AND SUPPORT THE ACTIVITIES OF THE INTEGRATED BAR.
x x x x
Rule 7.03. - A lawyer shall not engage in conduct that adversely reflects on his fitness to practice law, nor shall he,
whether in public or private life, behave in a scandalous manner to the discredit of the legal profession.
As we explained in Zaguirre v. Castillo,
14
the possession of good moral character is both a condition precedent and
a continuing requirement to warrant admission to the bar and to retain membership in the legal profession. It is the
bounden duty of members of the bar to observe the highest degree of morality in order to safeguard the integrity of
the Bar.
15
Consequently, any errant behavior on the part of a lawyer, be it in the lawyers public or private activities,
which tends to show said lawyer deficient in moral character, honesty, probity or good demeanor, is sufficient to
warrant suspension or disbarment.
Immoral conduct involves acts that are willful, flagrant, or shameless, and that show a moral indifference to the
opinion of the upright and respectable members of the community.
16
Immoral conduct is gross when it is so corrupt
as to constitute a criminal act, or so unprincipled as to be reprehensible to a high degree, or when committed under
such scandalous or revolting circumstances as to shock the communitys sense of decency.
17
From the undisputed facts gathered from the evidence and the admissions of respondent himself, we find that
respondents act of engaging in sex with a young lass, the daughter of his former employee, constitutes gross
immoral conduct that warrants sanction. Respondent not only admitted he had sexual intercourse with complainant
but also showed no remorse whatsoever when he asserted that he did nothing wrong because she allegedly agreed
and he even gave her money. Indeed, his act of having carnal knowledge of a woman other than his wife manifests
his disrespect for the laws on the sanctity of marriage and his own marital vow of fidelity. Moreover, the fact that he
procured the act by enticing a very young woman with money showed his utmost moral depravity and low regard for
the dignity of the human person and the ethics of his profession.
In Cordova v. Cordova,
18
we held that the moral delinquency that affects the fitness of a member of the bar to
continue as such includes conduct that outrages the generally accepted moral standards of the community, conduct
for instance, which makes a mockery of the inviolable social institution of marriage.
Respondent has violated the trust and confidence reposed on him by complainant, then a 13-year-old minor,
19
who
for a time was under respondents care. Whether the sexual encounter between the respondent and complainant
was or was not with the latters consent is of no moment. Respondent clearly committed a disgraceful, grossly
immoral and highly reprehensible act. Such conduct is a transgression of the standards of morality required of the
legal profession and should be disciplined accordingly.
Section 27, Rule 138 of the Rules of Court expressly states that a member of the bar may be disbarred or
suspended from his office as attorney by the Supreme Court for, among others, any deceit, grossly immoral
conduct, or violation of the oath that he is required to take before admission to the practice of law. It bears to stress
that membership in the Bar is a privilege burdened with conditions. As a privilege bestowed by law through the
Supreme Court, membership in the Bar can be withdrawn where circumstances concretely show the lawyers lack of
the essential qualifications required of lawyers.
20
Likewise, it was held in Maligsa v. Cabanting
21
that a lawyer may be disbarred for any misconduct, whether in his
professional or private capacity, which shows him to be wanting in moral character, in honesty, probity and good
demeanor or unworthy to continue as an officer of the court. Similarly, in Dumadag v. Lumaya,
22
the Court
pronounced:
The practice of law is a privilege burdened with conditions. Adherence to the rigid standards of mental fitness,
The practice of law is a privilege burdened with conditions. Adherence to the rigid standards of mental fitness,
maintenance of the highest degree of morality and faithful compliance with the rules of the legal profession are the
conditions required for remaining a member of good standing of the bar and for enjoying the privilege to practice
law.
The fact that complainant filed an Affidavit of Desistance during the pendency of this case is of no moment.
Complainants Affidavit of Desistance cannot have the effect of abating the instant proceedings in view of the public
service character of the practice of law and the nature of disbarment proceedings as a public interest concern. A
case of suspension or disbarment is sui generis and not meant to grant relief to a complainant as in a civil case, but
is intended to cleanse the ranks of the legal profession of its undesirable members in order to protect the public and
the courts.1wphi1 A disbarment case is not an investigation into the acts of respondent but on his conduct as an officer of
the court and his fitness to continue as a member of the Bar.
23
Illicit sexual relations have been previously punished with disbarment, indefinite or definite suspension, depending
on the circumstances.
24
In this case, respondents gross misbehavior and unrepentant demeanor clearly shows a
serious flaw in his character, his moral indifference to sexual exploitation of a minor, and his outright defiance of
established norms. All these could not but put the legal profession in disrepute and place the integrity of the
administration of justice in peril, hence the need for strict but appropriate disciplinary action.
25
The Court is mindful of the dictum that the power to disbar must be exercised with great caution, and only in a clear
case of misconduct that seriously affects the standing and character of the lawyer as an officer of the Court and as a
member of the bar. Thus, where a lesser penalty, such as temporary suspension, could accomplish the end desired,
disbarment should never be decreed.
26
However, in the present case, the seriousness of the offense compels the
Court to wield its power to disbar as it appears to be the most appropriate penalty.
27
WHEREFORE, respondent Atty. Danilo S. Samson is hereby DISBARRED for Gross Immoral Conduct, Violation of
his oath of office, and Violation of Canon 1, Rule 1.01 and Canon 7, Rule 7.03 of the Code of Professional
Responsibility.
Let a copy of this Decision, which is immediately executory, be made part of the records of respondent in the Office
of the. Bar Confidant, Supreme Court of the Philippines. And let copies of the Decision be furnished the Integrated
Bar of the Philippines and circulated to all courts.
This Decision takes effect immediately.
SO ORDERED.
MARIA LOURDES P. A. SERENO
Chief Justice
ANTONIO T. CARPIO
Associate Justice
PRESBITERO J. VELASCO, JR.
Associate Justice
TERESITA J. LEONARDO-DE CASTRO
Associate Justice
(On leave)
ARTURO D. BRION
*
Associate Justice
DIOSDADO M. PERALTA
Associate Justice
LUCAS P. BERSAMIN
Associate Justice
Associate Justice
ROBERTO A. ABAD
Associate Justice
Associate Justice
JOSE PORTUGAL PEREZ
Associate Justice
JOSE CATRAL MENDOZA
Associate Justice
(On official leave)
BIENVENIDO L. REYES
**
Associate Justice
Search
SUPREME COURT
Manila
EN BANC
A.C. No. 9074 August 14, 2012
GRACE M. ANACTA
*
, Complainant,
vs.
ATTY. EDUARDO D. RESURRECCION, Respondent.
D E C I S I O N
DEL CASTILLO, J.:
"The purpose of disbarment is to protect the courts and the public from the misconduct of the officers of the court
and to ensure the administration of justice by requiring that those who exercise this important function shall be
competent, honorable and trustworthy men in whom courts and clients may repose confidence."
1
In a Complaint
2
for disbarment filed on August 22, 2007 with the Integrated Bar of the Philippines Committee on Bar
Discipline (IBP-CBD), complainant Grace M. Anacta (complainant) prays for the disbarment of respondent Atty.
Eduardo D. Resurreccion (respondent) for "gross misconduct, deceit and malpractice."
3
Records show that on November 15, 2004, complainant engaged the services of respondent to file on her behalf a
petition for annulment of marriage before the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Quezon City, for which she paid
respondent P 42,000.00.
4
In December 2004, respondent presented to the complainant a supposed copy of a Petition for Annulment of
Marriage
5
which bore the stamped receipt dated December 8, 2004 of the RTC, as well as its docket number, Civil
Case No. 04-25141.
From then on, complainant did not hear from respondent or receive any notice from the trial court relative to the said
petition. This prompted her to make inquiries with the Office of the Clerk of Court of the RTC of Quezon City (OCC-
RTC). To her surprise and dismay, she discovered that no petition for annulment docketed as Civil Case No. 04-
25141 was ever filed before the said court.
6
Thus, complainant terminated the services of respondent "for loss of
trust and confidence"
7
and requested the OCC-RTC to refuse any belated attempt on the part of respondent to file a
petition for annulment of marriage on her behalf.
8
On July 30, 2007, complainant, through her new counsel, wrote a letter
9
to the respondent demanding for an
explanation as to how respondent intended to indemnify the complainant for damages she had suffered due to
respondents deceitful acts. Respondent has not replied thereto. Hence, complainant filed before the IBP a verified
complaint praying that respondent be disbarred.
In an Order
10
dated August 22, 2007, the Director for Bar Discipline of the IBP, Atty. Alicia A. Risos-Vidal, required
the respondent to submit his answer to the complaint within 15 days from notice. However, respondent did not heed
said directive. Hence, complainant filed Motions to Declare Respondent in Default and Hear the Case Ex-Parte.
11
The Investigating Commissioner, Romualdo A. Din, Jr., held in abeyance the resolution of the above motions and
instead set the complaint for Mandatory Conference on October 6, 2008.
12
On the said date, however, only the
complainant and her counsel appeared. Accordingly, in an Order
13
dated October 6, 2008, the Investigating
Commissioner deemed respondent to have waived the filing of an answer; noted complainants motion to declare
respondent in default; and gave the complainant 10 days from notice within which to file her verified position paper,
after which the case shall be deemed submitted for resolution.
Complainant filed her verified Position Paper
14
on October 15, 2008.
Complainant filed her verified Position Paper
14
on October 15, 2008.
In his Report and Recommendation
15
dated December 8, 2008, the Investigating Commissioner found clear and
convincing evidence that respondent is guilty of deceit and dishonesty when he misrepresented having filed the
petition for annulment of marriage after receipt of P42,000.00 when in fact no such petition was filed. He thus
recommended that respondent be suspended from the practice of law for a period of two years and to
reimburse/return to the complainant the amount of P42,000.00.
In a Resolution
16
dated August 28, 2010, the IBP Board of Governors adopted and approved the findings of the
Investigating Commissioner but modified the recommended penalty of suspension from the practice of law from two
years to four years and ordered respondent to return to the complainant the amount of P 42,000.00, otherwise his
suspension will continue until he returns the sum involved.
Our Ruling
We adopt the findings and recommendation of the IBP.
In Narag v. Atty. Narag
17
this Court held that "[t]he burden of proof rests upon the complainant, and the Court will
exercise its disciplinary power only if she establishes her case by clear, convincing and satisfactory evidence."
In this case, complainant submitted the following documents to prove her allegations: (1) the Service Agreement
dated November 15, 2004 to prove the existence of attorney-client relationship between the parties; (2) the Petition
for Annulment of Marriage
18
supposedly filed by respondent on December 8, 2004 with the RTC of Quezon City and
docketed as Civil Case No. 04-25141; (3) the Certification issued by the Assistant Clerk of Court of the RTC of
Quezon City showing that "no Petition for Annulment of Marriage with Civil Case No. Q-04-25141 was filed on
December 8, 2004"; (4) the letter dated March 6, 2005 of the complainant to the respondent informing the latter that
she is terminating his legal services effective immediately; (5) the letter of complainant to the Clerk of Court of the
RTC of Quezon City wherein she requested that "any belated attempt by my former lawyer Atty. Resurreccion to file
any Petition for Annulment x x x be refused acceptance"; and, (6) the letter dated July 30, 2007 of complainants
new counsel demanding for an explanation as to how respondent intended to indemnify the complainant for
damages she had suffered by reason of respondents fraudulent misrepresentations.
19
In the face of such a serious charge, the respondent has chosen to remain silent.
Thus, we find the confluence of the evidence submitted by the complainant to have clearly, convincingly and
satisfactorily shown that indeed the respondent has authored this reprehensible act. Respondent committed
deceitful and dishonest acts by misrepresenting that he had already filed a petition for annulment on behalf of the
complainant and pocketing the amount of P42,000.00. He even went to the extent of presenting to the complainant
a supposed copy of the petition duly filed with the court. After he was found out, he made himself scarce. He ignored
all communications sent to him by the complainant. After the disbarment complaint was filed, he failed to file his
answer despite due notice. He totally disregarded the proceedings before the IBP despite receipt of summons. "The
act of respondent in not filing his answer and ignoring the hearings set by the Investigating Commission, despite due
notice, emphasized his contempt for legal proceedings."
20
We thus agree with the observation of the IBP Investigating Commissioner that "such action of the respondent is
patently deceitful and dishonest, considering further that he received an amount of money from the complainant."
21
"The natural instinct of man impels him to resist an unfounded claim or imputation and defend himself. It is totally
against our human nature to just remain reticent and say nothing in the face of false accusations. Hence, silence in
such cases is almost always construed as implied admission of the truth thereof."
22
As early as In Re: Sotto,
23
this Court held that:
One of the qualifications required of a candidate for admission to the bar is the possession of good
moral character, and, when one who has already been admitted to the bar clearly shows, by a series of
acts, that he does not follow such moral principles as should govern the conduct of an upright person,
and that, in his dealings with his clients and with the courts, he disregards the rule of professional
ethics required to be observed by every attorney, it is the duty of the court, as guardian of the interests
of society, as well as of the preservation of the ideal standard of professional conduct, to make use of
its powers to deprive him of his professional attributes which he so unworthily abused.
In addition, Rule 1.01 of the Code of Professional Responsibility states that "a lawyer shall not engage in unlawful,
dishonest, immoral or deceitful conduct." "The Code exacts from lawyers not only a firm respect for law, legal
processes but also mandates the utmost degree of fidelity and good faith in dealing with clients and the moneys
processes but also mandates the utmost degree of fidelity and good faith in dealing with clients and the moneys
entrusted to them pursuant to their fiduciary relationship."
24
Pursuant to Section 27, Rule 138 of the Rules of Court, respondent may either be disbarred or suspended for
committing deceitful and dishonest acts. Thus:
SEC. 27. Disbarment or suspension of attorneys by Supreme Court; grounds therefor. - A member of
the bar may be disbarred or suspended from his office as attorney by the Supreme Court for any
deceit, malpractice, or other gross misconduct in such office, grossly immoral conduct, or by reason of
his conviction of a crime involving moral turpitude, or for any violation of the oath which he is required
to take before admission to practice, or for a wilful disobedience of any lawful order of a superior court,
or for corruptly or wilfully appearing as an attorney for a party to a case without authority to do so. The
practice of soliciting cases at law for the purpose of gain, either personally or through paid agents or
brokers, constitutes malpractice. [Emphasis supplied.]
It is thus clear from the foregoing provision that in any of the following circumstances, to wit: (1) deceit; (2)
malpractice; (3) gross misconduct; (4) grossly immoral conduct; (5) conviction of a crime involving moral turpitude;
(6) violation of the lawyer's oath; (7) wilful disobedience of any lawful order of a superior court; or (8) corruptly or
wilfully appearing as an attorney for a party to a case without authority to do so; the Court is vested with the
authority and discretion to impose either the extreme penalty of disbarment or mere suspension. Certainly, the Court
is not placed in a straitjacket as regards the penalty to be imposed. There is no ironclad rule that disbarment must
immediately follow upon a finding of deceit or gross misconduct. The Court is not mandated to automatically impose
the extreme penalty of disbarment. It is allowed by law to exercise its discretion either to disbar or just suspend the
erring lawyer based on its appreciation of the facts and circumstances of the case.
We examined the records of the case and assessed the evidence presented by the complainant. After such
examination and assessment, we are convinced beyond doubt that respondent should only be meted the penalty of
four-year suspension as properly recommended by the IBP Board of Governors. In the exercise of our discretion, we
are unquestionably certain that the four-year suspension suffices and commensurable to the infractions he
committed. As will be pointed out later, there have been cases with more or less the same factual setting as in the
instant case where the Court also imposed the penalty of suspension and not disbarment.
We have gone over jurisprudential rulings where the respondents were found guilty of grave misconduct and/or
dishonesty and we observe that the Court either disbars or suspends them based on its collective appreciation of
attendant circumstances and in the exercise of its sound discretion.
In Garcia v. Atty. Manuel,
25
the Court found respondent therein to have committed dishonesty and abused the
confidence
26
of his client for failing to file the ejectment suit despite asking for and receiving from the complainant
the money intended as filing fees. In his bid for exoneration, therein respondent attempted to mislead the Court by
claiming that he has not yet received the registry return card of the notice to vacate hence his failure to file the
ejectment suit. However, the records indubitably showed that he had already received the same. Moreover, therein
respondent likewise refused to return the monies he received from the complainant despite repeated demands.
27
The Court thus concluded that therein respondent's actions constitute gross misconduct. Nevertheless, based on its
appreciation of the evidence, the Court refrained from imposing the penalty of disbarment. Instead, it imposed the
penalty of suspension from the practice of law for a period of six months, ratiocinating thus:
Complainant asks that respondent be disbarred. However, we find that suspension from the practice of
law is sufficient to discipline respondent. The supreme penalty of disbarment is meted out only in clear
cases of misconduct that seriously affect the standing and character of the lawyer as an officer of the
court and member of the bar. While we will not hesitate to remove an erring attorney from the
esteemed brotherhood of lawyers, where the evidence calls for it, we will also not disbar him where a
lesser penalty will suffice to accomplish the desired end. In this case, we find suspension to be
sufficient sanction against respondent. Suspension, we may add, is not primarily intended as
punishment, but as a means to protect the public and the legal profession.
28
In Ceniza v. Rubia,
29
respondent therein was alleged to have misrepresented having already filed in court the
necessary complaint by showing the copy of the complaint stamped "received" with a docket number thereon.
30
However, upon verification with the appropriate court, it was discovered that none was filed.
31
It was also noted that
respondent therein prompted the complainant to borrow money from a third party just to be able to pay her
attorney's fees. When the case reached this Court, it imposed the penalty of suspension and not disbarment. In so
doing, the Court lent more credence to the explanation of the respondent that the case was "withdrawn" after it had
been stamped "received" by the court.
In Roa v. Moreno,
32
the Court found respondent therein guilty of gross misconduct and dishonesty. He issued a
bogus Certificate of Land Occupancy to the complainant
33
and refused to return the amount paid by the
bogus Certificate of Land Occupancy to the complainant
33
and refused to return the amount paid by the
complainant.
34
For said infractions, the Court meted him with the penalty of suspension from the practice of law for
two years.
35
In Barcenas v. Alvero,
36
respondent failed to deposit in court the amount of P 300,000.00 which he received from
his client supposedly as redemption price. He also failed to return the amount despite repeated demands. He was
suspended for two years.
In Small v. Banares
37
respondent received P80,000.00 from complainant for his legal services and as filing fees. He
however failed to file the necessary complaint and was never heard from again. He was thus suspended from the
practice of law for two years.
In Judge Angeles v. Atty. Uy, Jr.,
38
therein respondent failed to promptly report that he received money on behalf of
his client. However, for lack of evidence of misappropriation, he was only suspended and not disbarred.
In Gonato v. Atty. Adaza,
39
Atty. Adaza asked money from his client supposedly as filing fees when in fact no such
filing fees are needed or due. Worse, he issued a falsified "official receipt" as proof of payment. Finally, when he was
discovered, he failed to heed his client's demand to return the amount. For such infractions, Atty. Adaza was
suspended for a period of six months.
In Aquino v. Atty. Barcelona,
40
Atty. Barcelona deliberately misrepresented to his client that he was able to
successfully facilitate the restructuring of his clients loan with a bank through his "connection". On the basis of said
false pretenses, he collected P 60,000.00 from his client. His client eventually became aware of such
misrepresentations when his property was foreclosed by the bank. Atty. Barcelona was thus charged with
misconduct and for which he was suspended by the Court for a period of six months.
The foregoing cases illustrate that the Court is not bound to impose the penalty of disbarment in cases of gross
misconduct and/or dishonesty, if in its appreciation of facts and in the exercise of its sound discretion, the penalty of
suspension would be more commensurate.
41
"Disbarment, jurisprudence teaches, should not be decreed where
any punishment less severe, such as reprimand, suspension, or fine, would accomplish the end desired. This is as it
should be considering the consequence of disbarment on the economic life and honor of the erring person."
42
In this
case, we believe that the penalty of suspension of four years will provide Atty. Resurreccion "with enough time to
ponder on and cleanse himself of his misconduct."
43
"While we will not hesitate to remove an erring attorney from
the esteemed brotherhood of lawyers, where the evidence calls for it, we will also not disbar him where a lesser
penalty will suffice to accomplish the desired end."
44
We note that there is no mention in the records of any previous
or similar administrative case filed against herein respondent.
Anent the issue of whether respondent should be directed to return the amount of P 42,000.00 he received from the
complainant, we note that the rulings of this Court in this matter have been diverse. On one hand, there are cases
where this Court directed respondents to return the money they received from the complainants. On the other hand,
there are also cases where this Court refrained from venturing into this matter on the ground that the same is not
within the ambit of its disciplinary authority as the only issue in administrative cases is the fitness of the lawyer to
remain a member of the bar.
Now is the most opportune time to harmonize the Court's ruling on this matter. Thus, it is imperative to first
determine whether the matter falls within the disciplinary authority of the Court or whether the matter is a proper
subject of judicial action against lawyers. If the matter involves violations of the lawyers oath and code of conduct,
then it falls within the Courts disciplinary authority. However, if the matter arose from acts which carry civil or
criminal liability, and which do not directly require an inquiry into the moral fitness of the lawyer, then the matter
would be a proper subject of a judicial action which is understandably outside the purview of the Courts disciplinary
authority. Thus, we hold that when the matter subject of the inquiry pertains to the mental and moral fitness of the
respondent to remain as member of the legal fraternity, the issue of whether the respondent be directed to return the
amount received from his client shall be deemed within the Courts disciplinary authority.
In this case, respondent received the amount of P42,000.00 supposedly as payment for his legal services and as
filing fees. Canon 16 of the Code of Professional Responsibility provides:
CANON 16 A LAWYER SHALL HOLD IN TRUST ALL MONEYS AND PROPERTIES OF HIS CLIENT
THAT MAY COME INTO HIS POSSESSION.
Rule 16.01 A lawyer shall account for all money or property collected or received for or from the
client.
x x x x
x x x x
Rule 16.03 A lawyer shall deliver the funds and property of his client when due or upon demand. x x x
In this case, it is thus clear that respondent violated his lawyers oath and code of conduct when he withheld the
amount of P 42,000.00 despite his failure to render the necessary legal services and after complainant demanded
its return. He must therefore be directed to return the same.
Finally, we emphasize that "the object of a disbarment proceeding is not so much to punish the individual attorney
himself, as to safeguard the administration of justice by proceeding the court and the public from the misconduct of
officers of the court, and to remove from the profession of law persons whose disregard for their oath of office has
proved them unfit to continue discharging the trust respect in them as members of the bar."
45
WHEREFORE, respondent Atty. Eduardo D. Resurreccion is ordered SUSPENDED from the practice of law for four
years. He is also DIRECTED to return to the complainant the amount of P42,000.00 within thirty (30) days from the
promulgation of this Decision.
Let a copy of this Decision be furnished the Office of the Bar Confidant and the Integrated Bar of the Philippines for
their information and guidance. The Court Administrator is directed to circulate this Decision to all courts in the
country.
SO ORDERED.
Associate justice
WE CONCUR:
ANTONIO T. CARPIO
Senior Associate Justice
Associate justice
Associate justice
ARTURO D. BRION
Associate justice
DIOSDADO M. PERALTA
Associate justice
LUCAS P. BERSAMIN
Associate justice
ROBERTO A. ABAD
Associate justice
Associate justice
JOSE PORTUGAL PEREZ
Associate justice
JOSE CATRAL MENDOZA
Associate justice
(on official leave)
MARIA LOURDES P.A. SERENO
Associate justice
BIENVENIDO L. REYES
Associate justice
(on leave)
Associate justice
CERTIFIED TRUE COPY
ENRIQUETA ESGUERRA-VIDAL
Clerk of Court
OCC-En Banc
Supreme Court
Footnotes
*
Also known as Grace Mino y Anacta.
SUPREME COURT
Manila
THIRD DIVISION
A.C. No. 6116 August 1, 2012
ENGR. GILBERT TUMBOKON, Complainant,
vs.
ATTY. MARIANO R. PEFIANCO, Respondent.
R E S O L U T I O N
PERLAS-BERNABE, J.:
Before the Court is an administrative complaint for disbarment filed by complainant Engr. Gilbert Tumbokon against
respondent Atty. Mariano R. Pefianco for grave dishonesty, gross misconduct constituting deceit and grossly
immoral conduct.
In his Complaint,
1
complainant narrated that respondent undertook to give him 20% commission, later reduced to
10%, of the attorney's fees the latter would receive in representing Spouses Amable and Rosalinda Yap (Sps. Yap),
whom he referred, in an action for partition of the estate of the late Benjamin Yap (Civil Case No. 4986 before the
Regional Trial Court of Aklan). Their agreement was reflected in a letter
2
dated August 11, 1995. However,
respondent failed to pay him the agreed commission notwithstanding receipt of attorney's fees amounting to 17% of
the total estate or about P 40 million. Instead, he was informed through a letter
3
dated July 16, 1997 that Sps. Yap
assumed to pay the same after respondent had agreed to reduce his attorney's fees from 25% to 17%. He then
demanded the payment of his commission
4
which respondent ignored.
Complainant further alleged that respondent has not lived up to the high moral standards required of his profession
for having abandoned his legal wife, Milagros Hilado, with whom he has two children, and cohabited with Mae
FlorGalido, with whom he has four children. He also accused respondent of engaging in money-lending business
5
without the required authorization from the BangkoSentralngPilipinas.
In his defense, respondent explained that he accepted Sps. Yap's case on a 25% contingent fee basis, and
advanced all the expenses. He disputed the August 11, 1995 letter for being a forgery and claimed that Sps. Yap
assumed to pay complainant's commission which he clarified in his July 16, 1997 letter. He, thus, prayed for the
dismissal of the complaint and for the corresponding sanction against complainant's counsel, Atty. Florencio B.
Gonzales, for filing a baseless complaint.
6
In the Resolution
7
dated February 16, 2004, the Court resolved to refer this administrative case to the Integrated
Bar of the Philippines (IBP) for investigation, report and recommendation. In his Report and Recommendation
8
dated October 10, 2008, the Investigating IBP Commissioner recommended that respondent be suspended for one
(1) year from the active practice of law, for violation of the Lawyer's Oath, Rule 1.01, Canon 1; Rule 7.03, Canon 7
and Rule 9.02, Canon 9 of the Code of Professional Responsibility (Code). The IBP Board of Governors adopted
and approved the same in its Resolution No. XIX-2010-453
9
dated August
28, 2010. Respondent moved for reconsideration
10
which was denied in Resolution No. XIX-2011-141 dated
October 28, 2011.
After due consideration, We adopt the findings and recommendation of the IBP Board of Governors.
The practice of law is considered a privilege bestowed by the State on those who show that they possess and
continue to possess the legal qualifications for the profession. As such, lawyers are expected to maintain at all times
a high standard of legal proficiency, morality, honesty, integrity and fair dealing, and must perform their four-fold duty
a high standard of legal proficiency, morality, honesty, integrity and fair dealing, and must perform their four-fold duty
to society, the legal profession, the courts and their clients, in accordance with the values and norms embodied in
the Code.
11
Lawyers may, thus, be disciplined for any conduct that is wanting of the above standards whether in
their professional or in their private capacity.
In the present case, respondent's defense that forgery had attended the execution of the August 11, 1995 letter was
belied by his July 16, 1997 letter admitting to have undertaken the payment of complainant's commission but
passing on the responsibility to Sps. Yap. Clearly, respondent has violated Rule 9.02,
12
Canon 9 of the Code which
prohibits a lawyer from dividing or stipulating to divide a fee for legal services with persons not licensed to practice
law, except in certain cases which do not obtain in the case at bar.
Furthermore, respondent did not deny the accusation that he abandoned his legal family to cohabit with his mistress
with whom he begot four children notwithstanding that his moral character as well as his moral fitness to be retained
in the Roll of Attorneys has been assailed. The settled rule is that betrayal of the marital vow of fidelity or sexual
relations outside marriage is considered disgraceful and immoral as it manifests deliberate disregard of the sanctity
of marriage and the marital vows protected by the Constitution and affirmed by our laws.
13
Consequently, We find
no reason to disturb the IBP's finding that respondent violated the Lawyer's Oath
14
and Rule 1.01, Canon 1 of the
Code which proscribes a lawyer from engaging in "unlawful, dishonest, immoral or deceitful conduct."
However, We find the charge of engaging in illegal money lending not to have been sufficiently established.1wphi1 A
"business" requires some form of investment and a sufficient number of customers to whom its output can be sold at
profit on a consistent basis.
15
The lending of money to a single person without showing that such service is made
available to other persons on a consistent basis cannot be construed asindicia that respondent is engaged in the
business of lending.
Nonetheless, while We rule that respondent should be sanctioned for his actions, We are minded that the power to
disbar should be exercised with great caution and only in clear cases of misconduct that seriously affect the
standing and character of the lawyer as an officer of the court and as member of the bar,
16
or the misconduct
borders on the criminal, or committed under scandalous circumstance,
17
which do not obtain here. Considering the
circumstances of the case, We deem it appropriate that respondent be suspended from the practice of law for a
period of one (1) year as recommended.
WHEREFORE, respondent ATTY. MARIANO R. PEFIANCO is found GUILTY of violation of the Lawyers Oath,
Rule 1.01, Canon 1 of the Code of Professional Responsibility and Rule 9.02, Canon 9 of the same Code and
SUSPENDED from the active practice of law ONE (1) YEAR effective upon notice hereof.
Let copies of this Resolution be entered in the personal record of respondent as a member of the Philippine Bar and
furnished the Office of the Bar Confidant, the Integrated Bar of the Philippines and the Office of the Court
Administrator for circulation to all courts in the country.
SO ORDERED.
Associate justice
WE CONCUR:
Associate justice
Chairperson
DIOSDADO M. PERALTA
Associate justice
LUCAS P. BERSAMIN
*
Associate justice
ROBERTO A. ABAD
Associate justice
Footnotes
*
Designated member in lieu of Justice Jose C. Mendoza, per Special Order No. 1282 dated August 1, 2012.
1
Rollo, pp. 23-27.

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SUPREME COURT
Baguio City
EN BANC
A.C. No. 8382 April 21, 2010
ALFREDO B. ROA, Complainant,
vs.
ATTY. JUAN R. MORENO, Respondent.
R E S O L U T I O N
CARPIO, J.:
The Case
This complaint, filed by Alfredo B. Roa (complainant) against Atty. Juan R. Moreno (respondent), stemmed from a
transaction involving the sale of a parcel of land. Complainant asks that respondent be disciplined and ordered to
return the amount of money paid for the sale.
The Antecedent Facts
Sometime in September 1998, respondent sold to complainant a parcel of land located along Starlite Street in
Cupang, Antipolo. Complainant paid respondent P70,000 in cash as full payment for the lot. Respondent did not
issue a deed of sale. Instead, he issued a temporary receipt
1
and a Certificate of Land Occupancy
2
purportedly
issued by the general overseer of the estate in which the lot was located. Respondent assured complainant that he
could use the lot from then on.
Complainant learned, not long after, that the Certificate of Land Occupancy could not be registered in the Register of
Deeds. When complainant went to see respondent, the latter admitted that the real owner of the lot was a certain
Rubio. Respondent also said there was a pending legal controversy over the lot. On 25 February 2001, complainant
sent a letter
3
to respondent demanding the return of the P70,000 paid for the lot.
Complainant then filed a criminal case against respondent in the Municipal Trial Court (Branch 2) of Antipolo City.
On 26 September 2003, the trial court rendered a decision
4
convicting respondent of the crime of other forms of
swindling under Article 316, paragraph 1 of the Revised Penal Code. The MTC sentenced respondent to suffer the
penalty of imprisonment for one month and one day and ordered him to return the amount of P70,000 to
complainant.
On appeal, the Regional Trial Court (Branch 74) of Antipolo City set aside the lower courts ruling. For lack of
evidence establishing respondents guilt beyond reasonable doubt, the RTC acquitted respondent in a decision
5
dated 20 December 2005. The decision further stated that the remedy of complainant was to institute a civil action
for the recovery of the amount he paid to respondent.
On 23 February 2006, complainant filed with the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) an Affidavit-Complaint
6
against respondent.
In his Answer,
7
respondent explained that what he sold to complainant was merely the right over the use of the lot,
not the lot itself. Respondent maintained he never met the complainant during the negotiations for the sale of said
right. Respondent claimed it was a certain Benjamin Hermida who received the purchase price. Respondent further
alleged that it was one Edwin Tan, and not the complainant, who paid the purchase price.
At the hearing set on 14 October 2008, complainant narrated that respondent personally sold to him the lot in
question. Complainant stated respondent assured him that the papers would be processed as soon as payment was
question. Complainant stated respondent assured him that the papers would be processed as soon as payment was
made. Complainant claimed he duly paid respondent P70,000, but when he followed up the sales documents,
respondent just dismissed him and denied any transaction between them. For his part, respondent did not appear at
the hearing despite receipt of notice.
The IBPs Report and Recommendation
In a Report and Recommendation
8
dated 17 October 2008, the IBP Commissioner on Bar Discipline (IBP-CBD)
found respondent guilty of violating Rules 1.01 and 7.03 of the Code of Professional Responsibility.
The IBP-CBD recommended that respondent be suspended from the practice of law for three months and ordered
to immediately deliver the amount of P70,000 to complainant, thus:
PREMISES CONSIDERED, it is submitted that Respondent is GUILTY of violating Rules 1.01 and 7.03 of the Code
of Professional Responsibility and should be given the penalty of THREE (3) MONTHS SUSPENSION.
Respondent is hereby ORDERED to immediately deliver the amount of Seventy Thousand Pesos (P70,000.00) to
herein complainant.
9
In Resolution No. XVIII-2008-632
10
passed on 11 December 2008, the IBP Board of Governors adopted and
approved with modification the recommendation of the Investigating Commissioner. The IBP Board of Governors
suspended respondent from the practice of law for three months and ordered him to return the amount of P70,000 to
complainant within 30 days from receipt of notice. Thus:
RESOLVED to ADOPT and APPROVE, as it is hereby ADOPTED and APPROVED, with modification, the Report
and Recommendation of the Investigating Commissioner of the above-entitled case, herein made part of this
Resolution as Annex "A"; and, finding the recommendation fully supported by the evidence on record and the
applicable laws and rules, and finding Respondent guilty of violating Rules 1.01 and 7.03 of the Code of
Professional Responsibility, Atty. Juan R. Moreno is hereby SUSPENDED from the practice of law for three (3)
months and Ordered to Return the Seventy Thousand Pesos (P70,000.00) to complainant within thirty (30) days
from receipt of notice. (Underscoring supplied)
The IBP Board of Governors forwarded the present case to this Court as provided under Section 12(b), Rule 139-
B
11
of the Rules of Court.
The Ruling of this Court
We sustain the findings of the IBP and adopt its recommendation in part.
Complainant and respondent presented two different sets of facts. According to complainant, respondent claimed to
be the owner of the lot and even offered to be his lawyer in case of any legal problem that might crop up from the
sale of the lot. On the other hand, respondent denied ever meeting complainant, much less selling the lot he insisted
he did not even own. In his answer, he presented the affidavits of Benjamin and Cepriano Hermida who claimed that
upon receipt of the payment for the right to use the lot, they immediately removed the improvements on the lot. The
Hermidas also claimed they received the payment from one Mr. Edwin Tan, not from complainant.
After a careful review of the records of the case, the Court gives credence to complainants version of the facts.
Respondents credibility is highly questionable. Records show that respondent even issued a bogus Certificate of
Land Occupancy to complainant whose only fault was that he did not know better. The Certificate of Land
Occupancy has all the badges of intent to defraud. It purports to be issued by the "Office of the General Overseer." It
contains a verification by the "Lead, Record Department" that the lot plan "conforms with the record on file." It is
even printed on parchment paper strikingly similar to a certificate of title. To the unlettered, it can easily pass off as a
document evidencing title. True enough, complainant actually tried, but failed, to register the Certificate of Land
Occupancy in the Register of Deeds. Complainant readily parted with P70,000 because of the false assurance
afforded by the sham certificate.
The innocent public who deal in good faith with the likes of respondent are not without recourse in law. Section 27,
Rule 138 of the Rules of Court states:
SEC. 27. Disbarment or suspension of attorneys by Supreme Court, grounds therefor. A member of the bar may
be disbarred or suspended from his office as attorney by the Supreme Court for any deceit, malpractice, or
other gross misconduct in such office, grossly immoral conduct, or by reason of his conviction of a crime
involving moral turpitude, or for any violation of the oath which he is required to take before admission to practice, or
for a willful disobedience of any lawful order of a superior court, or for corruptly or willfully appearing as an attorney
for a party to a case without authority to do so. x x x (Emphasis supplied)
Further, Rule 1.01, Canon 1 of the Code of Professional Responsibility provides:
Rule 1.01 A lawyer shall not engage in unlawful, dishonest, immoral, or deceitful conduct.
Conduct, as used in the Rule, is not confined to the performance of a lawyers professional duties. A lawyer may be
disciplined for misconduct committed either in his professional or private capacity. The test is whether his conduct
shows him to be wanting in moral character, honesty, probity, and good demeanor, or whether it renders him
unworthy to continue as an officer of the court.
12
In the present case, respondent acted in his private capacity. He misrepresented that he owned the lot he sold to
complainant. He refused to return the amount paid by complainant. As a final blow, he denied having any
transaction with complainant. It is crystal-clear in the mind of the Court that he fell short of his duty under Rule 1.01,
Canon 1 of the Code of Professional Responsibility. We cannot, and we should not, let respondents dishonest and
deceitful conduct go unpunished.
Time and again we have said that the practice of law is not a right but a privilege. It is enjoyed only by those who
continue to display unassailable character. Thus, lawyers must conduct themselves beyond reproach at all times,
not just in their dealings with their clients but also in their dealings with the public at large, and a violation of the high
moral standards of the legal profession justifies the imposition of the appropriate penalty, including suspension and
even disbarment.
13
Respondents refusal to return to complainant the money paid for the lot is unbecoming a member of the bar and an
officer of the court. By his conduct, respondent failed to live up to the strict standard of professionalism required by
the Code of Professional Responsibility. Respondents acts violated the trust and respect complainant reposed in
him as a member of the Bar and an officer of the court.
However, we cannot sustain the IBPs recommendation ordering respondent to return the money paid by
complainant. In disciplinary proceedings against lawyers, the only issue is whether the officer of the court is still fit to
be allowed to continue as a member of the Bar. Our only concern is the determination of respondents administrative
liability. Our findings have no material bearing on other judicial action which the parties may choose to file against
each other.
14
1avvphi1
That said, we deem that the penalty of three-month suspension recommended by the IBP is insufficient to atone for
respondents misconduct in this case. We consider a penalty of two-year suspension more appropriate considering
the circumstances of this case.
WHEREFORE, the Court finds Atty. Juan R. Moreno GUILTY of violating Rule 1.01, Canon 1 of the Code of
Professional Responsibility. Accordingly, the Court SUSPENDS him from the practice of law for a period of two (2)
years effective upon finality of this Resolution.
Let copies of this Resolution be furnished the Office of the Bar Confidant, the Integrated Bar of the Philippines, and
all courts all over the country. Let a copy of this Resolution be attached to the personal records of respondent.
SO ORDERED.
ANTONIO T. CARPIO
Associate Justice
WE CONCUR:
REYNATO S. PUNO
Chief Justice
RENATO C. CORONA
Associate Justice
CONCHITA CARPIO MORALES
Associate Justice
Associate Justice
ANTONIO EDUARDO B. NACHURA
Associate Justice
Associate Justice
ARTURO D. BRION
Associate Justice

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SUPREME COURT
Manila
EN BANC
A.C. No. 7902 September 30, 2008
TORBEN B. OVERGAARD, Complainant,
vs.
ATTY. GODWIN R. VALDEZ, Respondent.
Puno, CJ., Quisumbing, Ynares-Santiago, Carpio, Austria-Martinez, Corona,
*
Carpio Morales,
Azcuna, Tinga, Chico-Nazario, Velasco, Jr., Nachura, Reyes, Leonardo-De Castro, Andbrion, JJ.
D E C I S I O N
PER CURIAM:
Complainant seeks the disbarment of Atty. Godwin R. Valdez from the practice of law for gross
malpractice, immoral character, dishonesty and deceitful conduct. The complainant alleges that
despite receipt of legal fees in compliance with a Retainer Agreement, the respondent refused to
perform any of his obligations under their contract for legal services, ignored the complainant's
requests for a report of the status of the cases entrusted to his care, and rejected demands for return
of the money paid to him.
On December 16, 2005, the complainant, Torben B. Overgaard, a Dutch national, through his
business partner John Bradley, entered into a Retainer Agreement
1
with the respondent, Atty. Godwin
R. Valdez. For the amount of PhP900,000.00, the complainant engaged the services of the
respondent to represent him as his legal counsel in two cases filed by him and two cases filed against
him, all pending in Antipolo City; including a dismissed complaint which was appealed before the
Department of Justice. The Agreement stipulated that fees would cover acceptance and attorney's
fees, expenses of litigation, other legal incidental expenses, and appearance fees.
2
The cases filed by the complainant included a complaint for Estafa, Grave Threats, Coercion, Unjust
Vexation and Oral Defamation
3
pending before the Office of the City Prosecutor of Antipolo and a civil
case for Mandamus, Injunction with prayer for Temporary Restraining Order and Damages
4
which is
on trial at Branch 71, Regional Trial Court of Antipolo City. On the other hand, the cases filed against
the complainant included a criminal case for Other Light Threats at Branch 2 of the Municipal Trial
Court of Antipolo,
5
and violation of Section 5(a) of Republic Act No. 9262, the Anti-Violence Against
Women and Their Children Act of 2004
6
before the Family Court of Antipolo City. A complaint for
Illegal Possession of Firearms was also filed against Torben Overgaard which was dismissed by the
City Prosecutor of Antipolo City. This was appealed to the Department of Justice by way of Petition
for Review.
7
Upon the execution of the Retainer Agreement, the complainant paid the respondent USD16,854.00
through telegraphic bank transfer,
8
as full payment for the services to be rendered under the
Agreement. The respondent then assured the complainant that he would take good care of the cases
Agreement. The respondent then assured the complainant that he would take good care of the cases
he was handling for the complainant.
9
On April 11, 2006, four months after the execution of the Retainer Agreement, the complainant,
through his business partner John Bradley, demanded from the respondent a report of the action he
had taken with respect to the cases entrusted to him. However, despite his continued efforts to
contact the respondent to inquire on the status of the cases, he was unable to reach him; his phone
calls were not answered and his electronic mails were ignored.
10
The complainant had no knowledge of the developments of the cases that the respondent was
handling for him. Upon his own inquiry, he was dismayed to find out that the respondent did not file
his entry of appearance in the cases for Other Light Threats and Violation of Section 5(a) of the Anti-
Violence Against Women and Children Act.
11
The respondent also did not inform him that he was
entitled to prepare a Counter-Affidavit to answer the complaint for Other Light Threats. The
complainant had no knowledge that there had already been arraignments for the criminal cases
against him, and that there were already warrants of arrest
12
issued for his failure to attend the
arraignments. He was constrained to engage the services of another lawyer in order to file a Motion
to Lift the Warrant of Arrest in the case for Other Light Threats,
13
and an Omnibus Motion to Revive
the Case and Lift the Warrant of Arrest in the case for Violation of Section 5(a) of the Anti-Violence
Against Women and Their Children Act.
14
The complainant alleges that the respondent did not do a single thing with respect to the cases
covered under the Retainer Agreement. Not only did the respondent fail to enter his appearance in
the criminal cases filed against the complainant, he also neglected to file an entry of appearance in
the civil case for Mandamus, Injunction and Damages that the complainant filed. The respondent also
did not file a Comment on the complaint for Illegal Possession of Firearms which was dismissed and
under review at the Department of Justice.
15
Due to the above lapses of the respondent, on November 27, 2006, the complainant wrote the
respondent and demanded the return of the documents which were turned over to him, as well as the
PhP900,000.00 that was paid in consideration of the cases he was supposed to handle for the
complainant.
16
However, complainant was unable to get any word from the respondent despite
repeated and continuous efforts to get in touch with him.
Hence, on December 28, 2006, Torben Overgaard was constrained to file an administrative complaint
against Atty. Godwin R. Valdez before the Integrated Bar of the Philippines, alleging that the
respondent engaged in unlawful, dishonest, immoral and deceitful conduct.
17
Despite the order to
submit an Answer to the complaint against him,
18
the respondent failed to comply. A Mandatory
Conference was set on September 21, 2007,
19
but the respondent failed to attend despite being duly
notified.
20
This prompted the Commission on Bar Discipline to issue an Order declaring the
respondent in default for failure to submit an Answer and failure to attend the Mandatory
Conference.
21
The investigation proceeded ex parte.
The complainant submitted his position paper on October 5, 2007,
22
with a prayer that the
respondent be disbarred from the practice of law, and to be ordered to return the amount of
PhP900,000.00. A Clarificatory Hearing was scheduled on December 11, 2007,
23
and again, it was
only the complainant who was in attendance; the respondent failed to attend the hearing despite
notice. The case was then submitted for resolution based on the pleadings submitted by the
complainant and the hearings conducted.
24
Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) Investigating Commissioner Antonio S. Tria, to whom the
instant disciplinary case was assigned for investigation, report and recommendation, found the
respondent guilty of violating Canon 15, Canon 16, Rule 16.01, Canon 17, Canon 18, and Rule 18.04
of the Code of Professional Responsibility. In his Report dated January 29, 2008, he recommended
of the Code of Professional Responsibility. In his Report dated January 29, 2008, he recommended
that respondent be suspended from the practice of law for a period of three (3) years. The IBP Board
of Governors, through Resolution No. XVIII-2008-126, dated March 6, 2008, approved the
recommendation of Commissioner Tria, and further ordered the complainant to return the
PhP900,000.00 to the complainant within 60 days from receipt of the notice.
We agree. We find the respondent Atty. Godwin R. Valdez to have committed multiple violations of
the canons of the Code of Professional Responsibility.
The appropriate penalty to be imposed on an errant attorney involves the exercise of sound judicial
discretion based on the facts of the case. Section 27, Rule 138 of the Rules of Court provides, viz:
Sec. 27. Disbarment or suspension of attorneys by Supreme Court, grounds therefor. - A member of
the bar may be disbarred or suspended from his office as attorney by the Supreme Court for any
deceit, malpractice, or other gross misconduct in such office, grossly immoral conduct, or by reason
of his conviction of a crime involving moral turpitude or for any violation of the oath which he is
required to take before admission to practice, or for a willful disobedience of any lawful order of a
superior court, or for corruptly or willfully appearing as an attorney for a party to a case without
authority to do so. The practice of soliciting cases for the purpose of gain, either personally or through
paid agents or brokers, constitutes malpractice.
Under Section 27, Rule 138 of the Revised Rules of Court, a member of the Bar may be disbarred or
suspended on any of the following grounds: (1) deceit; (2) malpractice or other gross misconduct in
office; (3) grossly immoral conduct; (4) conviction of a crime involving moral turpitude; (5) violation of
the lawyer's oath; (6) willful disobedience of any lawful order of a superior court; and (7) willful
appearance as an attorney for a party without authority. A lawyer may be disbarred or suspended for
misconduct, whether in his professional or private capacity, which shows him to be wanting in moral
character, honesty, probity and good demeanor, or unworthy to continue as an officer of the court.
The respondent has indubitably fallen below the exacting standards demanded of members of the
bar. He did not merely neglect his client's cause, he abandoned his client and left him without any
recourse but to hire another lawyer. He not only failed to properly handle the cases which were
entrusted to his care, he refused to do a single thing in connection with these cases. He did not file
any pleading to defend his client; he did not even enter his appearance in these cases. Moreover, he
disregarded the complainant's letters and electronic mails and rejected the complainant's phone calls.
All the complainant was asking for was a report of the status of the cases but the respondent could
not be reached no matter what the complainant did to get in touch with him. After receipt of the full
amount of fees under the Retainer Agreement, he simply disappeared, leaving the client defenseless
and plainly prejudiced in the cases against him. Warrants of arrest were even issued against the
complainant due to the respondent's gross and inexcusable negligence in failing to ascertain the
status of the case and to inform his client of the arraignment. It was not a mere failure on the
respondent's part to inform the complainant of matters concerning the cases, it was an unmistakable
evasion of duty. To hide from the complainant, avoid his calls, ignore his letters, and leave him
helpless is unforgivable; and to commit all these acts and omissions after receiving the full amount of
legal fees and after assuring the client of his commitment and responsibility violates the Code of
Professional Responsibility.
Canon 1, Rule 1.01 of the Code of Professional Responsibility states that "a lawyer shall not engage
in unlawful, dishonest, immoral or deceitful conduct." Deceitful conduct involves moral turpitude and
includes anything done contrary to justice, modesty or good morals.
25
It is an act of baseness,
vileness or depravity in the private and social duties which a man owes to his fellowmen or to society
in general, contrary to justice, honesty, modesty, or good morals.
26
Representing to the complainant
that he would take care of the cases filed against him,
27
assuring the complainant that his property
involved in a civil case would be safeguarded,
28
and then collecting the full amount of legal fees of
PhP900,000.00, only to desert the complainant after receipt of the fees, were manifestly deceitful and
dishonest.
The relationship of an attorney to his client is highly fiduciary. Canon 15 of the Code of Professional
Responsibility provides that "a lawyer shall observe candor, fairness and loyalty in all his dealings and
transactions with his client." Necessity and public interest enjoin lawyers to be honest and truthful
when dealing with his client. A lawyer owes fidelity to the cause of his client and shall be mindful of
the trust and confidence reposed in him.
29
However, instead of devoting himself to the client's cause,
the respondent avoided the complainant, forgot about the cases he was handling for him and
ostensibly abandoned him. The client reposed his trust in his lawyer with full faith that the lawyer
would not betray him or abscond from his responsibilities. By assuring the complainant that he would
take care of the cases included in the Retainer Agreement, and even accepting fees, the respondent
defrauded the complainant when he did not do a single thing he was expected to do.
A lawyer shall serve his client with competence and diligence.
30
A lawyer shall not neglect a legal
matter entrusted to him, and his negligence in connection therewith shall render him liable.
31
Respondent should indeed be held liable, for he was not just incompetent, he was practically useless;
he was not just negligent, he was indolent; and rather than being of help to the complainant, he
prejudiced the client. Respondent's inaction with respect to the matters entrusted to his care is
obvious; and his failure to file an answer to the complaint for disbarment against him and to attend the
hearings in connection therewith, without any explanation or request for resetting, despite proper
notice from the IBP, is clear evidence of negligence on his part.
The Code of Professional Responsibility further provides that a lawyer is required to keep the client
informed of the status of his case and to respond within a reasonable time to the client's request for
information.
32
The respondent did the opposite. Despite the complainant's efforts to consult him and
notwithstanding numerous attempts to contact him, simply to ask for an update of the status of the
cases, the respondent was able to avoid the complainant and never bothered to reply.
After months of waiting for a reply from the respondent, and discovering that the respondent had
been remiss in his duties, the complainant demanded the return of the documents he had turned over
to the respondent. He also demanded the return of the money he had paid for the legal services that
were not rendered and expenses of litigation which were not incurred. However, the respondent
rejected the complainant's demands.
Rule 16.01, Canon 16 of the Code of Professional Responsibility, provides that "a lawyer shall
account for all money and property collected or received for and from the client." The complainant
paid $16,854.00 to the respondent via telegraphic bank transfer. This was considered as complete
payment for the PhP900,000.00 that was stipulated as the consideration for the legal services to be
rendered. However, since the respondent did not carry out any of the services he was engaged to
perform, nor did he appear in court or make any payment in connection with litigation, or give any
explanation as to how such a large sum of money was spent and allocated, he must immediately
return the money he received from the client upon demand. However, he refused to return the money
he received from the complainant despite written demands, and was not even able to give a single
report regarding the status of the cases.
Acceptance of money from a client establishes an attorney-client relationship and gives rise to the
duty of fidelity to the client's cause. Money entrusted to a lawyer for a specific purpose - such as for
filing fees - but not used for failure to file the case, must immediately be returned to the client on
demand.
33
In Sencio v. Calvadores,
34
the respondent lawyer Sencio was engaged to file a case, which he failed
to do. His client demanded that he return the money which was paid to him but he refused. Sencio
similarly failed to answer the complaint and disregarded the orders and notices of the IBP on many
occasions.
35
The respondent lawyer was ordered to return the money that he received from the
complainant with interest at 12% per annum from the date of the promulgation of the resolution until
the return of the amount.
36
The practice of law is not a right, but a privilege. It is granted only to those of good moral character.
37
The Bar must maintain a high standard of honesty and fair dealing.
38
Lawyers must conduct
themselves beyond reproach at all times, whether they are dealing with their clients or the public at
large,
39
and a violation of the high moral standards of the legal profession justifies the imposition of
the appropriate penalty, including suspension and disbarment.
40
The respondent demonstrated not only appalling indifference and lack of responsibility to the courts
and his client but also a wanton disregard for his duties as a lawyer. It is deplorable that members of
the bar, such as the respondent, betray not only the trust of their client, but also public trust. For the
practice of law is a profession, a form of public trust, the performance of which is entrusted to those
who are qualified and who possess good moral character.
41
Those who are unable or unwilling to
comply with the responsibilities and meet the standards of the profession are unworthy of the
privilege to practice law. We must protect the administration of justice by requiring those who exercise
this function to be competent, honorable and reliable in order that the courts and clients may rightly
repose confidence in them.
In this case, we find that suspension for three years recommended by the IBP is not sufficient
punishment for the unacceptable acts and omissions of respondent. The acts of the respondent
constitute malpractice and gross misconduct in his office as attorney. His incompetence and appalling
indifference to his duty to his client, the courts and society render him unfit to continue discharging
the trust reposed in him as a member of the bar. We could not find any mitigating circumstances to
recommend a lighter penalty. For violating elementary principles of professional ethics and failing to
observe the fundamental duties of honesty and good faith, the respondent has proven himself
unworthy of membership in this noble profession.
IN VIEW WHEREOF, respondent Atty. Godwin R. Valdez is hereby DISBARRED and his name is
ordered STRICKEN from the Roll of Attorneys. He is ORDERED to immediately return to Torben B.
Overgaard the amount of $16,854.00 or its equivalent in Philippine Currency at the time of actual
payment, with legal interest of six percent (6%) per annum from November 27, 2006, the date of
extra-judicial demand. A twelve percent (12%) interest per annum, in lieu of six percent (6%), shall be
imposed on such amount from the date of promulgation of this decision until the payment thereof. He
is further ORDERED to immediately return all papers and documents received from the complainant.
Copies of this Decision shall be served on the Integrated Bar of the Philippines, the Office of the Bar
Confidant and all courts.
SO ORDERED.
REYNATO S. PUNO
Chief Justice
WE CONCUR:
LEONARDO A. QUISUMBING
Associate Justice
ANTONIO T. CARPIO
Associate Justice
CONSUELO YNARES-SANTIAGO
Associate Justice
(on official leave)
RENATO C. CORONA
Associate Justice
MA. ALICIA AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ
Associate Justice
ADOLFO S. AZCUNA
Associate Justice
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a
SUPREME COURT
Manila
THIRD DIVISION
A.M. No. P-06-2124 December 19, 2006
[Formerly OCA-IPI No. 05-12-747-RTC]
REPORT ON THE STATUS OF THE FINANCIAL AUDIT CONDUCTED IN THE REGIONAL TRIAL COURT,
TARLAC CITY
R E S O L U T I O N
TINGA, J.:
This involves a financial audit by the Office of the Court Administrator (OCA) conducted in the Regional Trial Court
(RTC) of Tarlac City.
The audit of the books of accounts of Atty. Roberto Q. Tuquero, Clerk of Court of RTC, Tarlac City, disclosed that:
1) Official receipts with serial nos. 8984951-8984976 remain unaccounted; and
2) Reconciliation of the fiduciary fund disclosed an unaccounted amount of P6,953,714.77.
1
Several violations were likewise committed with regard to the implementation of court circulars on the timely deposit
of court collections, as the Judiciary Development Fund (JDF) collections from 18 to 23 November 2003 amounting
to P167,835.91 were deposited only on 1 December 2003, as well as on the use of the court collections to encash
personal checks.
2
Clerk of Court Atty. Tuquero disputed the findings and instead ascribed liability to Mr. Honorato Q. Manguera, the
cash clerk. However, due to the principle of command responsibility and being the one primarily accountable, Atty.
Tuquero was required to submit the necessary documents to justify the unaccounted amount of P6,953,714.77. Atty.
Tuquero's clearance was held in abeyance in the meantime, resulting in the delay in the release of his retirement
benefits.
3
A final submission of compliance was made on 18 October 2005 and both Atty. Tuquero and Mr. Manguera
requested that the remaining unaccounted amount be divided equally between them and the same to be deducted
from their respective money value of leave credits.
4
Moreover, Mr. Manguera intimated that while he may have
incurred delay in the deposit of court collections, he has not taken a single centavo from the court's money. He
likewise claimed that the filing and keeping of the records were also not properly maintained because of the lack of
available storage space. This deficiency, he asserted, has contributed to the loss of some documents.
5
After considering the documents presented, the established accountability was reduced to P573, 047.04, the
composition of which is as follows:
Particulars Amount
Unauthorized withdrawals P235,500.00*
Interest transferred to RTC-Paniqui 24,705.25**
Balance of Beginning Inventory 146,124.36***
Balance of Beginning Inventory 146,124.36***
Unidentified Withdrawals 169,750.00****
Overwithdrawal of interest 467.43*****
Over deposit 3,500.00******
TOTAL 573,047.04
*Withdrawals which have no supporting documents, i.e., acknowledgment receipt and court order
**Interest for cash bond deposited with RTC-Tarlac City but withdrawn together with the principal amount in
violation of SC Circular No. 50-95
***Beginning inventory which appeared in the SL of Accounting but without details. Allegedly deposited with
the Provincial Treasurer's Office (PTO) but the accountable officer was not able to present the official receipts
issued by the PTO as proof of deposit.
****Withdrawals appearing in the passbook but could not be identified for lack of necessary documents.
*****Interest on fiduciary fund deposits which was withdrawn without deducting the withholding tax
******Deposits exceeded the collections.
6
Yet, Atty. Tuquero and Mr. Manguera could no longer account for the missing official receipts.
On 22 November 2005, the OCA submitted to then Chief Justice Hilario G. Davide, Jr., a Report on the status of the
Financial Audit conducted in the RTC of Tarlac City. The OCA found that Atty. Tuquero failed to perform his duties
and functions as an accountable officer, especially his duty to monitor the financial transactions in the court. It also
found that Mr. Manguera failed to deposit court collections on time and used court collections to encash personal
checks.
7
In our Resolution
8
dated 30 January 2006, we adopted the OCA's recommendation, quoted as follows:
(a) to DIVIDE the shortage amounting to Five Hundred Seventy Two Thousand Five Hundred Seventy Nine
Pesos and Sixty-One Centavos (P572,579.61) equally between Atty. Roberto Q. Tuquero and Mr. Honorato
Q. Manguera and to ALLOW the same to deducted from the money value of their respective leave credits;
(b) to DEPOSIT the said amount (P572,579.61) in the Fiduciary Fund Account of RTC-Tarlac City (LBP
SA#0071-0925-42) subject to refund to Atty. Roberto Q. Tuquero and Mr. Honorato Q. Manguera upon
submission of the required documents;
(c) to DIRECT:
(1) Atty. Roberto Q. Tuquero to deposit the amount of P467.43 (amount of the interest overwithdrawn) to the
Fiduciary Fund Account maintained by the Regional Trial Court of Tarlac City; and
(2) Atty. Shalane Go-Palomar to assist Atty. Roberto Q. Tuquero and Mr. Honorato Q. Manguera in complying
with the unsubmitted documents; and
(d) to RE-DOCKET this case as a regular administrative complaint against Roberto Q. Tuquero and Mr.
Honorato Q. Manguera and to impose upon them a FINE in the amount of FIVE THOUSAND PESOS
(P5,000.00) each, in the case of Atty. Tuquero, for his failure to perform his duties and functions as [an]
accountable officer-specially his failure to monitor the financial transactions in the court and, that of Mr.
Honorato Q. Manguera, for his failure to deposit court collections on time and for using of court collections in
encashing personal checks.
9
In our Resolution
10
dated 25 September 2006, the Court clarified that in issuing the above-cited Resolution, we
merely intended to take note of and approve only recommendations of the OCA, to wit: (a) that the shortage of
P572,579.61 be divided equally between Atty. Roberto Q. Tuquero and Mr. Honorato Q. Manguera, to be deducted
from the money value of their leave credits, (b) that the amount of P572,579.61 be deposited in the Fiduciary Fund
Account of the RTC-Tarlac City subject to refund to Atty. Roberto Q. Tuquero and Mr. Honorato Q. Manguera upon
submission of the required documents; (c) that Atty. Roberto Q. Tuquero deposit the amount of interest
overwithdrawn totaling P467.43 to the Fiduciary Fund account of the RTC, Tarlac City; and (d) that the Report be
overwithdrawn totaling P467.43 to the Fiduciary Fund account of the RTC, Tarlac City; and (d) that the Report be
redocketed as a regular administrative complaint.
The Court never intended to rule on the question on the administrative liability of the respondents. For this reason,
the Court in said resolution required respondents to comment on the recommendation of the OCA that each of them
be fined. Thus, the Court in its Resolution dated 25 September 2006 required respondents to manifest their
willingness to submit the case for resolution based on the pleadings filed.
11
Atty. Tuquero filed his Manifestation
12
dated 23 October 2006 stating that he has no objection to the
recommendation of the OCA that he and Mr. Manguera be fined. He likewise manifested that he had already settled
the fine imposed on him. Mr. Manguera similarly filed his Manifestation
13
dated 24 October 2006 stating his
willingness to submit the case for resolution.
The evidence shows that Atty. Tuquero and Mr. Manguera incurred a total shortage of Five Hundred Seventy Two
Thousand Five Hundred Seventy Nine Pesos and Sixty-One Centavos (P572,579.61).
Even if said amount was restituted, nonetheless, its non-remittance on time deprived the Court of the interest that
may be earned if the amounts were deposited in a bank as prudently required. Pertinently, Supreme Court
Administrative Circular No. 3-2000 provides:
x x x x
3. Duty of the Clerks of Court, Officers-in-Charge or Accountable Officers.The Clerks of Court, Officers-in-
Charge of the Office of the Clerk of Courts, or their accountable duly authorized representatives designated
by them in writing, who must be accountable officers, shall receive the Judiciary Development Fund
collections, issue the proper receipt therefor, maintain a separate cash book properly marked CASH BOOK
FOR JUDICIARY DEVELOPMENT FUND, deposit such collections in the manner herein prescribed, and
render the proper Monthly Report of Collections for said Fund.
x x x x
3. Systems and Procedures:
x x x x
(c) In the RTC, MeTC, MCTC, SDC and SCC. The daily collections for the Fund in these courts shall be
deposited everyday with the local or nearest LBP branch for the account of the Judiciary Development Fund,
Supreme Court, Manila SAVINGS ACCOUNT No. 0591-0116-34; or if depositing daily is not possible,
deposits for the Fund shall be at the end of every month, provided, however, that whenever the collections for
the Fund shall reach P500.00, the same shall be deposited immediately even before the days above-
indicated:
x x x x
Collections shall not be used for encashments of personal checks, salary checks, etc. Only Cash, Cashier's
Check and Manager's Check are acceptable payments.
x x x x
Correlatively, Supreme Court Circular No. 50-95
14
mandates that "all collections from bailbonds, rental deposits and
other fiduciary collections shall be deposited within twenty four (24) hours by the Clerk of Court concerned, upon
receipt thereof."
As clerk of court and cash clerk respectively, Atty. Tuquero and Mr. Manguera are accountable officers entrusted
with great responsibility of collecting money belonging to the funds of the court. Both have been remiss in their duty
to remit the collections within a prescribed period and are liable for keeping funds in their custodyTuquero as the
one responsible for monitoring the court's financial transactions and Manguera as the one in whom such functions
are reposed. Atty. Tuquero and Mr. Manguera violated the trust reposed in them as disbursement officers of the
judiciary. Thus, they should be held liable for the shortages mentioned above. Moreover, as held in Re: Financial
Audit of Accounts of Clerk of Court Pacita T. Sendin,
15
shortages in the amount to be remitted as well as the delay
in the actual remittance constitute neglect of duty for which the responsible officers shall be administratively liable.
16
Clerks of courts should be reminded that they are the chief administrative officers of their respective courts. They
are judicial officers entrusted to perform delicate functions with regard to the collection of fees and are expected to
correctly and effectively implement regulations such that even undue delay in the remittances of amounts collected
by them at the very least constitutes misfeasance. Being the custodian of the court's funds and revenues, records,
by them at the very least constitutes misfeasance. Being the custodian of the court's funds and revenues, records,
property and premises, the Clerk of Court is likewise liable for any loss, shortage, destruction or impairment of said
funds and property.
17
In Re: Report on the Judicial and Financial Audit of RTC-Br. 4, Panabo, Davao Del Norte,
18
we held that failure of
the Clerk of Court to remit the court funds collected to the Municipal Treasurer constitutes gross neglect of duty,
dishonesty and grave misconduct prejudicial to the best interest of the service. Under Rule IV, Section 52-A of the
Civil Service Uniform Rules on Administrative Cases in the Civil Service, these are grave offenses punishable by
dismissal even committed for the first time.
However, considering that both Attys. Tuquero and Manguera had retired from the service, we find the Court
Administrator's recommended penalty of P5,000.00 fine on both Atty. Tuquero and Mr. Manguera in order.
WHEREFORE, retired Clerk of Court Roberto Q. Tuquero and Honorato Q. Manguera are each FINED in the
amount of Five Thousand Pesos (P5,000.00) and ordered to jointly and equally restitute the shortage in the
collections in the total amount of P572,579.61.
The Financial Management Office is DIRECTED to DEDUCT equally from Roberto Q. Tuquero and Honorato Q.
Manguera's money value of their leave credits the sum of Five Hundred Seventy
Two Thousand Five Hundred Seventy Nine Pesos and Sixty-One Centavos (P572,579.61).
SO ORDERED.
Quisumbing, J., Chairperson, Carpio, Carpio Morales, and Velasco, Jr., JJ., concur.
Footnotes
1
Rollo, p. 3.
2
Id. at 3.
3
Atty. Tuquero retired on November 2003.
4
Id. at 4.
5
Id. at 5.
6
Supra.
7
Id. at 1-2.
8
Id. at 9-10.
9
Id.
10
Id. at 39-40.
11
Id.
12
Id. at 41 and 42.
13
Id. at 43, 44 and 45.Rollo, p. 42.
14
Dated 11 October 1995.
15
Re: Financial Audit of Accounts of Clerk of Court Pacita T. Sendin, 424 Phil. 406 (2002).
16
Id. at 410.
17
Re: Initial Report on the Financial Audit Conducted in the Municipal Trial Court of Pulilan, Bulacan, A.M.
SUPREME COURT
Manila
EN BANC
A.C. No. 7136 August 1, 2007
JOSELANO GUEVARRA, complainant,
vs.
ATTY. JOSE EMMANUEL EALA, respondent.
D E C I S I O N
PER CURIAM:
Joselano Guevarra (complainant) filed on March 4, 2002 a Complaint for Disbarment
1
before the Integrated Bar of
the Philippines (IBP) Committee on Bar Discipline (CBD) against Atty. Jose Emmanuel M. Eala a.k.a. Noli Eala
(respondent) for "grossly immoral conduct and unmitigated violation of the lawyer's oath."
In his complaint, Guevarra gave the following account:
He first met respondent in January 2000 when his (complainant's) then-fiancee Irene Moje (Irene) introduced
respondent to him as her friend who was married to Marianne (sometimes spelled "Mary Ann") Tantoco with whom
he had three children.
After his marriage to Irene on October 7, 2000, complainant noticed that from January to March 2001, Irene had
been receiving from respondent cellphone calls, as well as messages some of which read "I love you," "I miss you,"
or "Meet you at Megamall."
Complainant also noticed that Irene habitually went home very late at night or early in the morning of the following
day, and sometimes did not go home from work. When he asked about her whereabouts, she replied that she slept
at her parents' house in Binangonan, Rizal or she was busy with her work.
In February or March 2001, complainant saw Irene and respondent together on two occasions. On the second
occasion, he confronted them following which Irene abandoned the conjugal house.
On April 22, 2001, complainant went uninvited to Irene's birthday celebration at which he saw her and respondent
celebrating with her family and friends. Out of embarrassment, anger and humiliation, he left the venue immediately.
Following that incident, Irene went to the conjugal house and hauled off all her personal belongings, pieces of
furniture, and her share of the household appliances.
Complainant later found, in the master's bedroom, a folded social card bearing the words "I Love You" on its face,
which card when unfolded contained a handwritten letter dated October 7, 2000, the day of his wedding to Irene,
reading:
My everdearest Irene,
By the time you open this, you'll be moments away from walking down the aisle. I will say a prayer for you that
you may find meaning in what you're about to do.
Sometimes I wonder why we ever met. Is it only for me to find fleeting happiness but experience eternal pain?
Is it only for us to find a true love but then lose it again? Or is it because there's a bigger plan for the two of
us?
I hope that you have experienced true happiness with me. I have done everything humanly possible to love
you. And today, as you make your vows . . . I make my own vow to YOU!
I will love you for the rest of my life. I loved you from the first time I laid eyes on you, to the time we spent
together, up to the final moments of your single life. But more importantly, I will love you until the life in me is
gone and until we are together again.
Do not worry about me! I will be happy for you. I have enough memories of us to last me a lifetime. Always
remember though that in my heart, in my mind and in my soul, YOU WILL ALWAYS
. . . AND THE WONDERFUL THINGS YOU DO!
BE MINE . . . . AND MINE ALONE, and I WILL ALWAYS BE YOURS AND YOURS ALONE!
I LOVE YOU FOREVER, I LOVE YOU FOR ALWAYS. AS LONG AS I'M LIVING MY TWEETIE YOU'LL BE!"
2
Eternally yours,
NOLI
Complainant soon saw respondent's car and that of Irene constantly parked at No. 71-B 11
th
Street, New Manila
where, as he was to later learn sometime in April 2001, Irene was already residing. He also learned still later that
when his friends saw Irene on or about January 18, 2002 together with respondent during a concert, she was
pregnant.
In his ANSWER,
3
respondent admitted having sent the I LOVE YOU card on which the above-quoted letter was
handwritten.
On paragraph 14 of the COMPLAINT reading:
14. Respondent and Irene were even FLAUNTING THEIR ADULTEROUS RELATIONSHIP as they attended
social functions together. For instance, in or about the third week of September 2001, the couple attended the
launch of the "Wine All You Can" promotion of French wines, held at the Mega Strip of SM Megamall B at
Mandaluyong City. Their attendance was reported in Section B of the Manila Standard issue of 24 September
2001, on page 21. Respondent and Irene were photographed together; their picture was captioned: "Irene
with Sportscaster Noli Eala." A photocopy of the report is attached as Annex C.
4
(Italics and emphasis in
the original; CAPITALIZATION of the phrase "flaunting their adulterous relationship" supplied),
respondent, in his ANSWER, stated:
4. Respondent specifically denies having ever flaunted an adulterous relationship with Irene as alleged in
paragraph 14 of the Complaint, the truth of the matter being that their relationship was low profile and
known only to the immediate members of their respective families, and that Respondent, as far as the
general public was concerned, was still known to be legally married to Mary Anne Tantoco.
5
(Emphasis and
underscoring supplied)
On paragraph 15 of the COMPLAINT reading:
15. Respondent's adulterous conduct with the complainant's wife and his apparent abandoning or neglecting
of his own family, demonstrate his gross moral depravity, making him morally unfit to keep his membership in
the bar. He flaunted his aversion to the institution of marriage, calling it a "piece of paper." Morally
reprehensible was his writing the love letter to complainant's bride on the very day of her wedding, vowing to
continue his love for her "until we are together again," as now they are.
6
(Underscoring supplied),
respondent stated in his ANSWER as follows:
5. Respondent specifically denies the allegations in paragraph 15 of the Complaint regarding his adulterous
relationship and that his acts demonstrate gross moral depravity thereby making him unfit to keep his
membership in the bar, the reason being that Respondent's relationship with Irene was not under
scandalous circumstances and that as far as his relationship with his own family:
5.1 Respondent has maintained a civil, cordial and peaceful relationship with [his wife] Mary Anne as in fact
they still occasionally meet in public, even if Mary Anne is aware of Respondent's special friendship with
Irene.
x x x x
5.5 Respondent also denies that he has flaunted his aversion to the institution of marriage by calling the
5.5 Respondent also denies that he has flaunted his aversion to the institution of marriage by calling the
institution of marriage a mere piece of paper because his reference [in his above-quoted handwritten letter to
Irene] to the marriage between Complainant and Irene as a piece of paper was merely with respect to the
formality of the marriage contract.
7
(Emphasis and underscoring supplied)
Respondent admitted
8
paragraph 18 of the COMPLAINT reading:
18. The Rules of Court requires lawyers to support the Constitution and obey the laws. The Constitution
regards marriage as an inviolable social institution and is the foundation of the family (Article XV, Sec. 2).
9
And on paragraph 19 of the COMPLAINT reading:
19. Respondent's grossly immoral conduct runs afoul of the Constitution and the laws he, as a lawyer,
has been sworn to uphold. In pursuing obsessively his illicit love for the complainant's wife, he mocked the
institution of marriage, betrayed his own family, broke up the complainant's marriage, commits adultery with
his wife, and degrades the legal profession.
10
(Emphasis and underscoring supplied),
respondent, in his ANSWER, stated:
7. Respondent specifically denies the allegations in paragraph 19 of the Complaint, the reason being that
under the circumstances the acts of Respondent with respect to his purely personal and low profile special
relationship with Irene is neither under scandalous circumstances nor tantamount to grossly immoral
conduct as would be a ground for disbarment pursuant to Rule 138, Section 27 of the Rules of Court.
11
To respondent's ANSWER, complainant filed a REPLY,
12
alleging that Irene gave birth to a girl and Irene named
respondent in the Certificate of Live Birth as the girl's father. Complainant attached to the Reply, as Annex "A," a
copy of a Certificate of Live Birth
13
bearing Irene's signature and naming respondent as the father of her daughter
Samantha Irene Louise Moje who was born on February 14, 2002 at St. Luke's Hospital.
Complainant's REPLY merited a REJOINDER WITH MOTION TO DISMISS
14
dated January 10, 2003 from
respondent in which he denied having "personal knowledge of the Certificate of Live Birth attached to the
complainant's Reply."
15
Respondent moved to dismiss the complaint due to the pendency of a civil case filed by
complainant for the annulment of his marriage to Irene, and a criminal complaint for adultery against respondent and
Irene which was pending before the Quezon City Prosecutor's Office.
During the investigation before the IBP-CBD, complainant's Complaint-Affidavit and Reply to Answer were adopted
as his testimony on direct examination.
16
Respondent's counsel did not cross-examine complainant.
17
After investigation, IBP-CBD Investigating Commissioner Milagros V. San Juan, in a 12-page REPORT AND
RECOMMENDATION
18
dated October 26, 2004, found the charge against respondent sufficiently proven.
The Commissioner thus recommended
19
that respondent be disbarred for violating Rule 1.01 of Canon 1 of the
Code of Professional Responsibility reading:
Rule 1.01: A lawyer shall not engage in unlawful, dishonest, immoral or deceitful conduct (Underscoring
supplied),
and Rule 7.03 of Canon 7 of the same Code reading:
Rule 7.03: A lawyer shall not engage in conduct that adversely reflects on his fitness to practice law, nor shall
he, whether in public or private life, behave in a scandalous manner to the discredit of the legal profession.
(Underscoring supplied)
The IBP Board of Governors, however, annulled and set aside the Recommendation of the Investigating
Commissioner and accordingly dismissed the case for lack of merit, by Resolution dated January 28, 2006 briefly
reading:
RESOLUTION NO. XVII-2006-06
CBD Case No. 02-936
Joselano C. Guevarra vs.
Atty. Jose Emmanuel M. Eala
Atty. Jose Emmanuel M. Eala
a.k.a. Noli Eala
RESOLVED to ANNUL and SET ASIDE, as it is hereby ANNULLED AND SET ASIDE, the Recommendation
of the Investigating Commissioner, and to APPROVE the DISMISSAL of the above-entitled case for lack of
merit.
20
(Italics and emphasis in the original)
Hence, the present petition
21
of complainant before this Court, filed pursuant to Section 12 (c), Rule 139
22
of the
Rules of Court.
The petition is impressed with merit.
Oddly enough, the IBP Board of Governors, in setting aside the Recommendation of the Investigating Commissioner
and dismissing the case for lack of merit, gave no reason therefor as its above-quoted 33-word Resolution shows.
Respondent contends, in his Comment
23
on the present petition of complainant, that there is no evidence against
him.
24
The contention fails. As the IBP-CBD Investigating Commissioner observed:
While it may be true that the love letter dated October 7, 2000 (Exh. "C") and the news item published in the
Manila Standard (Exh. "D"), even taken together do not sufficiently prove that respondent is carrying on an
adulterous relationship with complainant's wife, there are other pieces of evidence on record which support
the accusation of complainant against respondent.
It should be noted that in his Answer dated 17 October 2002, respondent through counsel made the
following statements to wit: "Respondent specifically denies having [ever] flaunted an adulterous
relationship with Irene as alleged in paragraph [14] of the Complaint, the truth of the matter being [that] their
relationship was low profile and known only to immediate members of their respective families . . . , and
Respondent specifically denies the allegations in paragraph 19 of the complaint, the reason being that under
the circumstances the acts of the respondents with respect to his purely personal and low profile relationship
with Irene is neither under scandalous circumstances nor tantamount to grossly immoral conduct . . ."
These statements of respondent in his Answer are an admission that there is indeed a "special"
relationship between him and complainant's wife, Irene, [which] taken together with the Certificate of
Live Birth of Samantha Louise Irene Moje (Annex "H-1") sufficiently prove that there was indeed an
illicit relationship between respondent and Irene which resulted in the birth of the child "Samantha". In the
Certificate of Live Birth of Samantha it should be noted that complainant's wife Irene supplied the
information that respondent was the father of the child. Given the fact that the respondent admitted his
special relationship with Irene there is no reason to believe that Irene would lie or make any
misrepresentation regarding the paternity of the child. It should be underscored that respondent has not
categorically denied that he is the father of Samantha Louise Irene Moje.
25
(Emphasis and underscoring
supplied)
Indeed, from respondent's Answer, he does not deny carrying on an adulterous relationship with Irene, "adultery"
being defined under Art. 333 of the Revised Penal Code as that "committed by any married woman who shall have
sexual intercourse with a man not her husband and by the man who has carnal knowledge of her, knowing her to be
married, even if the marriage be subsequently declared void."
26
(Italics supplied) What respondent denies is having
flaunted such relationship, he maintaining that it was "low profile and known only to the immediate members of their
respective families."
In other words, respondent's denial is a negative pregnant,
a denial pregnant with the admission of the substantial facts in the pleading responded to which are not
squarely denied. It was in effect an admission of the averments it was directed at. Stated otherwise, a
negative pregnant is a form of negative expression which carries with it in affirmation or at least an implication
of some kind favorable to the adverse party. It is a denial pregnant with an admission of the substantial facts
alleged in the pleading. Where a fact is alleged with qualifying or modifying language and the words of the
allegation as so qualified or modified are literally denied, it has been held that the qualifying circumstances
alone are denied while the fact itself is admitted.
27
(Citations omitted; emphasis and underscoring
supplied)
A negative pregnant too is respondent's denial of having "personal knowledge" of Irene's daughter Samantha Louise
Irene Moje's Certificate of Live Birth. In said certificate, Irene named respondent a "lawyer," 38 years old as the
child's father. And the phrase "NOT MARRIED" is entered on the desired information on "DATE AND PLACE OF
MARRIAGE." A comparison of the signature attributed to Irene in the certificate
28
with her signature on the Marriage
Certificate
29
shows that they were affixed by one and the same person. Notatu dignum is that, as the Investigating
Certificate
29
shows that they were affixed by one and the same person. Notatu dignum is that, as the Investigating
Commissioner noted, respondent never denied being the father of the child.
Franklin A. Ricafort, the records custodian of St. Luke's Medical Center, in his January 29, 2003 Affidavit
30
which he
identified at the witness stand, declared that Irene gave the information in the Certificate of Live Birth that the child's
father is "Jose Emmanuel Masacaet Eala," who was 38 years old and a lawyer.
31
Without doubt, the adulterous relationship between respondent and Irene has been sufficiently proven by more than
clearly preponderant evidence that evidence adduced by one party which is more conclusive and credible than
that of the other party and, therefore, has greater weight than the other
32
which is the quantum of evidence
needed in an administrative case against a lawyer.
Administrative cases against lawyers belong to a class of their own. They are distinct from and they may proceed
independently of civil and criminal cases.
. . . of proof for these types of cases differ. In a criminal case, proof beyond reasonable doubt is necessary; in
an administrative case for disbarment or suspension, "clearly preponderant evidence" is all that is
required.
33
(Emphasis supplied)
Respondent insists, however, that disbarment does not lie because his relationship with Irene was not, under
Section 27 of Rule 138 of the Revised Rules of Court, reading:
SEC. 27. Disbarment or suspension of attorneys by Supreme Court, grounds therefor. ! A member of the bar
may be disbarred or suspended from his office as attorney by the Supreme Court for any deceit, malpractice,
or other gross misconduct in such office, grossly immoral conduct, or by reason of his conviction of a crime
involving moral turpitude, or for any violation of the oath which he is required to take before admission to
practice, or for a willful disobedience appearing as an attorney for a party to a case without authority so to do.
The practice of soliciting cases at law for the purpose of gain, either personally or through paid agents or
brokers, constitutes malpractice.
The disbarment or suspension of a member of the Philippine Bar by a competent court or other disciplinatory
agency in a foreign jurisdiction where he has also been admitted as an attorney is a ground for his disbarment
or suspension if the basis of such action includes any of the acts hereinabove enumerated.
The judgment, resolution or order of the foreign court or disciplinary agency shall be prima facie evidence of
the ground for disbarment or suspension (Emphasis and underscoring supplied),
under scandalous circumstances.
34
The immediately-quoted Rule which provides the grounds for disbarment or suspension uses the phrase "grossly
immoral conduct," not "under scandalous circumstances." Sexual intercourse under scandalous circumstances is,
following Article 334 of the Revised Penal Code reading:
ART. 334. Concubinage. - Any husband who shall keep a mistress in the conjugal dwelling, or, shall have
sexual intercourse, under scandalous circumstances, with a woman who is not his wife, or shall cohabit with
her in any other place, shall be punished by prision correccional in its minimum and medium periods.
x x x x,
an element of the crime of concubinage when a married man has sexual intercourse with a woman elsewhere.
"Whether a lawyer's sexual congress with a woman not his wife or without the benefit of marriage should be
characterized as 'grossly immoral conduct' depends on the surrounding circumstances."
35
The case at bar involves
a relationship between a married lawyer and a married woman who is not his wife. It is immaterial whether the affair
was carried out discreetly. Apropos is the following pronouncement of this Court in Vitug v. Rongcal:
36
On the charge of immorality, respondent does not deny that he had an extra-marital affair with complainant,
albeit brief and discreet, and which act is not "so corrupt and false as to constitute a criminal act or so
unprincipled as to be reprehensible to a high degree" in order to merit disciplinary sanction. We disagree.
x x x x
While it has been held in disbarment cases that the mere fact of sexual relations between two unmarried
adults is not sufficient to warrant administrative sanction for such illicit behavior, it is not so with respect to
betrayals of the marital vow of fidelity. Even if not all forms of extra-marital relations are punishable under
betrayals of the marital vow of fidelity. Even if not all forms of extra-marital relations are punishable under
penal law, sexual relations outside marriage is considered disgraceful and immoral as it manifests deliberate
disregard of the sanctity of marriage and the marital vows protected by the Constitution and affirmed by
our laws.
37
And so is the pronouncement in Tucay v. Atty. Tucay:
38
The Court need not delve into the question of whether or not the respondent did contract a bigamous
marriage . . . It is enough that the records of this administrative case substantiate the findings of the
Investigating Commissioner, as well as the IBP Board of Governors, i.e., that indeed respondent has been
carrying on an illicit affair with a married woman, a grossly immoral conduct and indicative of an
extremely low regard for the fundamental ethics of his profession. This detestable behavior renders him
regrettably unfit and undeserving of the treasured honor and privileges which his license confers
upon him.
39
(Underscoring supplied)
Respondent in fact also violated the lawyer's oath he took before admission to practice law which goes:
I _________, having been permitted to continue in the practice of law in the Philippines, do solemnly swear
that I recognize the supreme authority of the Republic of the Philippines; I will support its Constitution and
obey the laws as well as the legal orders of the duly constituted authorities therein; I will do no falsehood, nor
consent to the doing of any in court; I will not wittingly or willingly promote or sue any groundless, false or
unlawful suit, nor give aid nor consent to the same; I will delay no man for money or malice, and will conduct
myself as a lawyer according to the best of my knowledge and discretion with all good fidelity as well as to the
courts as to my clients; and I impose upon myself this voluntary obligation without any mental reservation or
purpose of evasion. So help me God. (Underscoring supplied)
Respondent admittedly is aware of Section 2 of Article XV (The Family) of the Constitution reading:
Section 2. Marriage, as an inviolable social institution, is the foundation of the family and shall be protected by
the State.
In this connection, the Family Code (Executive Order No. 209), which echoes this constitutional provision, obligates
the husband and the wife "to live together, observe mutual love, respect and fidelity, and render mutual help and
support."
40
Furthermore, respondent violated Rule 1.01 of Canon 1 of the Code of Professional Responsibility which proscribes
a lawyer from engaging in "unlawful, dishonest, immoral or deceitful conduct," and Rule 7.03 of Canon 7 of the
same Code which proscribes a lawyer from engaging in any "conduct that adversely reflects on his fitness to
practice law."
Clutching at straws, respondent, during the pendency of the investigation of the case before the IBP Commissioner,
filed a Manifestation
41
on March 22, 2005 informing the IBP-CBD that complainant's petition for nullity of his
(complainant's) marriage to Irene had been granted by Branch 106 of the Quezon City Regional Trial Court, and that
the criminal complaint for adultery complainant filed against respondent and Irene "based on the same set of facts
alleged in the instant case," which was pending review before the Department of Justice (DOJ), on petition of
complainant, had been, on motion of complainant, withdrawn.
The Secretary of Justice's Resolution of January 16, 2004 granting complainant's Motion to Withdraw Petition for
Review reads:
Considering that the instant motion was filed before the final resolution of the petition for review, we are
inclined to grant the same pursuant to Section 10 of Department Circular No. 70 dated July 3, 2000, which
provides that "notwithstanding the perfection of the appeal, the petitioner may withdraw the same at any time
before it is finally resolved, in which case the appealed resolution shall stand as though no appeal has
been taken."
42
(Emphasis supplied by complainant)
That the marriage between complainant and Irene was subsequently declared void ab initio is immaterial. The acts
complained of took place before the marriage was declared null and void.
43
As a lawyer, respondent should be
aware that a man and a woman deporting themselves as husband and wife are presumed, unless proven otherwise,
to have entered into a lawful contract of marriage.
44
In carrying on an extra-marital affair with Irene prior to the
judicial declaration that her marriage with complainant was null and void, and despite respondent himself being
married, he showed disrespect for an institution held sacred by the law. And he betrayed his unfitness to be a
lawyer.
As for complainant's withdrawal of his petition for review before the DOJ, respondent glaringly omitted to state that
As for complainant's withdrawal of his petition for review before the DOJ, respondent glaringly omitted to state that
before complainant filed his December 23, 2003 Motion to Withdraw his Petition for Review, the DOJ had already
promulgated a Resolution on September 22, 2003 reversing the dismissal by the Quezon City Prosecutor's Office
of complainant's complaint for adultery. In reversing the City Prosecutor's Resolution, DOJ Secretary Simeon
Datumanong held:
Parenthetically the totality of evidence adduced by complainant would, in the fair estimation of the
Department, sufficiently establish all the elements of the offense of adultery on the part of both respondents.
Indeed, early on, respondent Moje conceded to complainant that she was going out on dates with respondent
Eala, and this she did when complainant confronted her about Eala's frequent phone calls and text messages
to her. Complainant also personally witnessed Moje and Eala having a rendezvous on two occasions.
Respondent Eala never denied the fact that he knew Moje to be married to complainant[.] In fact, he (Eala)
himself was married to another woman. Moreover, Moje's eventual abandonment of their conjugal home, after
complainant had once more confronted her about Eala, only served to confirm the illicit relationship involving
both respondents. This becomes all the more apparent by Moje's subsequent relocation in No. 71-B, 11
th
Street, New Manila, Quezon City, which was a few blocks away from the church where she had exchange
marital vows with complainant.
It was in this place that the two lovers apparently cohabited. Especially since Eala's vehicle and that of Moje's
were always seen there. Moje herself admits that she came to live in the said address whereas Eala asserts
that that was where he held office. The happenstance that it was in that said address that Eala and Moje had
decided to hold office for the firm that both had formed smacks too much of a coincidence. For one, the said
address appears to be a residential house, for that was where Moje stayed all throughout after her separation
from complainant. It was both respondent's love nest, to put short; their illicit affair that was carried out there
bore fruit a few months later when Moje gave birth to a girl at the nearby hospital of St. Luke's Medical Center.
What finally militates against the respondents is the indubitable fact that in the certificate of birth of the girl,
Moje furnished the information that Eala was the father. This speaks all too eloquently of the unlawful and
damning nature of the adulterous acts of the respondents. Complainant's supposed illegal procurement
of the birth certificate is most certainly beside the point for both respondents Eala and Moje have not
denied, in any categorical manner, that Eala is the father of the child Samantha Irene Louise Moje.
45
It bears emphasis that adultery is a private offense which cannot be prosecuted de oficio and thus leaves the DOJ
no choice but to grant complainant's motion to withdraw his petition for review. But even if respondent and Irene
were to be acquitted of adultery after trial, if the Information for adultery were filed in court, the same would not have
been a bar to the present administrative complaint.
Citing the ruling in Pangan v. Ramos,
46
viz:
x x x The acquittal of respondent Ramos [of] the criminal charge is not a bar to these [administrative]
proceedings. The standards of legal profession are not satisfied by conduct which merely enables one to
escape the penalties of x x x criminal law. Moreover, this Court, in disbarment proceedings is acting in an
entirely different capacity from that which courts assume in trying criminal case
47
(Italics in the original),
this Court in Gatchalian Promotions Talents Pools, Inc. v. Atty. Naldoza,
48
held:
Administrative cases against lawyers belong to a class of their own. They are distinct from and they may
proceed independently of civil and criminal cases.
WHEREFORE, the petition is GRANTED. Resolution No. XVII-2006-06 passed on January 28, 2006 by the Board of
Governors of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines is ANNULLED and SET ASIDE.
Respondent, Atty. Jose Emmanuel M. Eala, is DISBARRED for grossly immoral conduct, violation of his oath of
office, and violation of Canon 1, Rule 1.01 and Canon 7, Rule 7.03 of the Code of Professional Responsibility.
Let a copy of this Decision, which is immediately executory, be made part of the records of respondent in the Office
of the Bar Confidant, Supreme Court of the Philippines. And let copies of the Decision be furnished the Integrated
Bar of the Philippines and circulated to all courts.
This Decision takes effect immediately.
SO ORDERED.
Puno, Chief Justice, Quisumbing, Ynares-Santiago, Sandoval-Gutierrez, Carpio, Austria-Martinez, Corona, Carpio-
Morales, Azcuna, Tinga, Chico-Nazario, Garcia, Velasco, Jr., Nachura, JJ., concur.
SUPREME COURT
Manila
THIRD DIVISION
A.M. No. P-07-2403 February 6, 2008
(formerly OCA IPI No. 07-2598-P)
RE: REGIDOR R. TOLEDO, RONALDO TOLEDO, AND JOEFFREY TOLEDO
*
v. ATTY. JERRY RADAM
TOLEDO, RTC, BRANCH 259, PARAAQUE CITY.
RESOLUTION
NACHURA, J.:
Before this Court is a Complaint
1
for violation of the lawyers oath, violation of the Code of Professional
Responsibility, oppression, dishonesty, harassment, and immorality against Atty. Jerry Radam Toledo, Branch Clerk
of Court, Regional Trial Court, Branch 259, Paraaque City.
Complainants, all relatives of respondent, allege that the latter is utilizing his profession as a lawyer and his position
in the judiciary to harass them and make them agree to an unequal distribution of the estate of the late Florencia R.
Toledo.
2
Florencia Toledo - mother of complainant Regidor, mother-in-law of Zenaida, and grandmother of Ronaldo, Joeffrey,
and respondent - was the registered owner of a parcel of land in Tarlac covered by Transfer Certificate of Title (TCT)
No. 125017. She died intestate on December 14, 2002.
3
Complainants claim that respondent, after Florencias death, never informed them that he was in possession of the
Owners Duplicate Copy of TCT No. 125017. As a result of such concealment, complainants executed an Affidavit of
Loss of the document on the basis of which they filed a Verified Petition for the issuance of the Owners Duplicate
Copy before the RTC of Tarlac City. Respondent opposed the petition on the ground that he had the subject
document in his possession allegedly because he bought part of the land from Florencia. Thus, complainants
withdrew the petition before the Tarlac court.
4
Subsequently, respondent filed a petition for the settlement of the intestate estate of Florencia before the RTC of
Paraaque City, Branch 260. He prayed therein that he be appointed as the administrator of the estate. During the
conferences to settle the case amicably, respondent proposed that he will give 7,681 sq. m. to complainants, while
8,000 sq. m. will go to him and his sisters. Complainants asked that they be given the bigger part instead because
there were more of them who will partition the property. Respondent refused and said that complainants should be
grateful for the offer since the land had already been sold to him and his sisters.
5
Complainants objected to the petition on the ground that the alleged conveyances to respondent and his siblings
were "very questionable" and done without the knowledge and consent of complainants who, except for Zenaida,
have legitimes over the subject estate.
They allege that the Deed of Sale presented by respondent contains erasures. The Deed of Sale states that the
date of the consummation of the transaction is January 17, 2002 but Florencias community tax certificate is dated
July 18, 2002. On the later date also, complainants allege, it was impossible for Florencia to have obtained a CTC
because she had been sick and was often in the hospital during that period. They also question the fact that the
Deed of Sale was allegedly signed by the parties at complainants Regidor and Zenaidas house at Barangay
Merville, Paraaque City, when respondent has never been there.
Complainants also point to a Sinumpaang Salaysay
6
executed by Florencia attesting to the fact that she was made
to sign by respondents father a document the contents of which were unknown to her and that if any document she
purportedly signed conveying her remaining Tarlac property should be presented, the same is not true.
purportedly signed conveying her remaining Tarlac property should be presented, the same is not true.
On March 9, 2004, complainants filed a Petition for Annulment of the Deed of Sale before the RTC of Paraaque
City, Branch 257. The case is still pending.
7
On the other hand, on October 28, 2003, respondent filed a criminal complaint for perjury against complainants
Regidor, Ronaldo, and Joeffrey, and another relative, Gladdys Toledo, before the Prosecutors Office in Tarlac for
having executed an Affidavit of Loss of Owners Duplicate Copy of TCT No. T-125017. The case was subsequently
dismissed for lack of probable cause. Respondents Motion for Reconsideration was denied. Respondent appealed
the same to the Department of Justice, with the endorsement of the Regional State Prosecutor. Complainants filed
their Comment on January 5, 2005. At present, they no longer have any definite information on the status of said
appeal.
8
Meanwhile, on November 28, 2003, respondent filed another case against complainants Regidor and Zenaida, and
yet another relative, Cresencia Agduma, this time for violation of Presidential Decree (PD) No. 651. The case arose
when Florencia died and was to be buried in San Clemente, Tarlac. Complainants had to secure her death
certificate, which they failed to obtain in Paraaque City. Complainants sought advice from respondent, he being the
lawyer in the family, who advised them to get a permit from the Local Civil Registrar in San Clemente. They followed
his advice. Because of this, a case for violation of PD No. 651 was filed against the three.
On July 27, 2005, the 1
st
Municipal Circuit Trial Court of Sta. Ignacia-Mayantoc-San Clemente-San Jose rendered
its Decision acquitting Regidor and Cresencia, but finding Zenaida guilty of violation of PD No. 651 for signing the
application for the death certificate.
Lastly, complainants accuse respondent of immorality. They allege that they have personal knowledge of the fact
that respondent is living with his common-law wife, Normita, whom he allegedly treats as a "maid servant."
9
They
further allege that during the hearings of their cases, respondent was seen with a woman, not Normita, who was
always at his side, and they were very sweet to each other. They also attribute his unruly and bullying behavior to
his being a drunkard with a fondness for the "night life."
10
The complainants filed the present petition praying that this Court conduct a formal investigation of respondents
actions and impose on him the proper penalty which, they submit, should be the dismissal of respondent from the
service as Branch Clerk of Court.
In his Comment,
11
respondent calls the allegations "patently malicious conjectures and surmises."
He states that 15,000 of the 18,681 square meters of the San Clemente property in dispute had already been sold
by the decedent herself. Further, what was left of the property, about 2,800 sq.m., had already been sold by
complainants to several buyers. In fact, said buyers are now occupying the land. To prevent further dissipation of the
estate, he was prompted to file a petition to settle the intestate estate of Florencia.
He alleges that it is the complainants who have shown their propensity for criminal activities as evidenced by their
execution of an Affidavit of Loss to obtain a second copy of TCT No. T-125017, and by Zenaidas declaration in
Florencias death certificate that the latter died in San Clemente, Tarlac. He also states that, contrary to
complainants assertion, the courts have painstakingly been trying to have the parties amicably settle their cases.
As to the charges of immorality, he alleges that he has been the sole breadwinner of their family, while Normita is in
charge of the household and taking care of their children. They have deferred their "dream wedding" to give Normita
the opportunity to advance her career and to give way to the education of their children. In support of this, he
attached Normitas Affidavit
12
where she states the underlying reasons for their decision to remain unmarried, thus:
x x x
1. That I am the common-law wife of Jerry R. Toledo by whom I have been blessed with three (3) wonderful
children;
2. That we have been happily living together as a family at our home at the above given address for twelve
(12) years now and in the length of time, we are extending to each other mutual love, support, respect and
understanding;
3. That taking into consideration the financial burdens of having to provide quality and efficient education for
our children, Jerry and I have decided to defer our dream wedding until it would already be financially and
economically feasible for us to do so;
4. That I also wanted to postpone our marriage to a later date as I have personal plans of seeking
4. That I also wanted to postpone our marriage to a later date as I have personal plans of seeking
employment abroad considering that I used to work with an American computer manufacturer;
5. That it would be easier for me to land a job abroad being single and considering further that my father was
a United States Army veteran and also a former United States government employee who used to work at the
attached office of the United States Embassy;
[6.] That we have already decided to have our dream wedding (sic) when the time comes that the financial
constraints of providing for our childrens quality education and support would have already lessened and
have save (sic) enough money to do so;
He denies that he uttered malicious words to complainants. He also denies being a drunkard but admits to being a
"moderate drinker." He alleges that the complaint was filed merely to harass, malign, and annoy him, and to
pressure him to accede to their demands.
Upon evaluation of the records of this case, the OCA submitted the following recommendations:
Complainants charges against the respondent and the latters countercharges stem from their dispute over
the property left by their deceased relative, Florencia R. Toledo. In fact, an intestate proceeding to settle the
estate of the above named deceased among the complainants and the respondent has been filed in the RTC,
Branch 260, Paraaque City. Respondents claim that he had bought a portion of the land left by the
deceased Florencia R. Toledo, which is the basis of his claim in the intestate proceeding, is challenged by the
complainants who have filed an action to annul the alleged sale. There is also the perjury case against the
complainants for their execution of an Affidavit of Loss of Owners Duplicate Copy of TCT No. 125017.
The pendency of the aforesaid cases render[s] the charges hurled against respondent Atty. Toledo beyond
the ambit of administrative inquiry. The issues raised involve judicial matters which should be addressed by
the courts where they are pending.
Anent the charge of immorality ascribed to respondent for maintaining a common-law wife, although both
respondent and his partner Normita are single, and do not appear to be suffering from any impediment to
marry, it is worth to note, however, that this arrangement was sought by them in order not to prejudice
Normitas employment opportunities abroad, as stated in the latters affidavit. (Annex "4"). In effect, the sacred
institution of marriage was sacrificed for the "American Dream[,]" and this shows a personality that is
unprincipled and undesirable. It is for this reason, not the relationship per se, that we fault him for
perpetuating such kind of love affair. While we are not in a position to dictate what his life agenda should be,
we can certainly prescribe the character of the personnel to man the frontlines in the dispensation of justice.
As it is oft-repeated, a public office is a public trust and the conduct and behavior of all those involved in the
administration of justice from the presiding judge to the lowliest utility worker should be circumscribed with
the heavy burden of responsibility, accountability, integrity, uprightness[,] and honesty (Violeta R. Villanueva
vs. Armando T. Milan, A.M. No. P-02-1642, September 27, 2002). As oft-stated by this Court:
"It must be stressed that while every office in the government is a public trust, no position exacts a
greater demand for moral righteousness and uprightness from an individual than in the judiciary.
Indeed, the image of a court of justice is mirrored in the conduct of the personnel who work thereat
from the judge to the lowest of its personnel. Court employees are enjoined to adhere to the exacting
standards of morality and decency in their professional and private conduct in order to preserve the
good name and integrity of the courts of justice. The conduct of court personnel must be free from any
whiff of impropriety, not only with respect to their duties in the judicial branch, but also to their behavior
outside the court as private individuals. There is no dichotomy of morality; a court employee is also
judged by his or her private morals. (Court Employees of the Municipal Circuit Trial Court, Ramon
Magsaysay, Zamboanga del Sur vs. Earla C. Sy, A.M. No. P-93-808, November 25, 2005; Gamboa vs.
Gamboa, A.M. No. P-04-1836, July 30, 2004, 435 SCRA 436).["]
By living with a woman and begetting children with her without the benefit of marriage, the respondent has
breached the standards of morality and uprightness expected from a court employee. The judiciary cannot
afford to keep in its ranks one whose sense of propriety is highly questionable. The respondent herein has to
choose between giving up his public position and legalizing his relationship with the mother of his children by
the bond of matrimony. He cannot at the same time stay in the service of the judiciary and maintain an illicit
relation with a woman who is not his wife.
RECOMMENDATION: We respectfully submit for the consideration of the Honorable Court our
recommendation:
1) That the charges of Violation of Attorneys Oath, Code of Professional Responsibility, Oppression,
1) That the charges of Violation of Attorneys Oath, Code of Professional Responsibility, Oppression,
Dishonesty and Harassment against Atty. Jerry Radam Toledo of RTC, branch 259, Paraaque City be
DISMISSED for being premature;
2) That respondent Atty. Jerry Radam Toledo be SUSPENDED for a period of three (3) months for
conduct unbecoming a public official and a court employee; and
3) That after serving his suspension, respondent Atty. Toledo be given thirty (30) days to either marry
his mistress (sic) and mother of his children or resign his position in the judiciary. If he opts for the
former, he should submit to the court a certified xerox copy of his marriage contract.
13
We find the OCAs report and recommendation partly meritorious.
We agree with the OCA that the charges and counter-charges pertaining to the sale and partition of the property or
properties of Florencias estate would best be ventilated in the cases already pending in the trial courts. Whether
respondents claims are meritorious or frivolous will be determined after judgment on the merits has been rendered
in each case.
However, as to the charge of immorality, we find the OCAs recommendations untenable.
This Court has previously defined immoral conduct as "that conduct which is willful, flagrant, or shameless, and
which shows a moral indifference to the opinion of the good and respectable members of the community."
14
This Court has held that to justify suspension or disbarment the act complained of must not only be immoral, but
grossly immoral
15
and the same must be established by clear and convincing proof, disclosing a case that is free
from doubt as to compel the exercise by the Court of its disciplinary power. Likewise, the dubious character of the
act done as well as the motivation thereof must be clearly demonstrated.
16
Thus, to warrant disciplinary action, we must examine if respondents relationship with his common-law wife
qualifies as "grossly immoral conduct."
In disbarment cases, this Court has ruled that the mere fact of sexual relations between two unmarried adults is not
sufficient to warrant administrative sanction for such illicit behavior.
17
Whether a lawyers sexual congress with a
woman not his wife or without the benefit of marriage should be characterized as "grossly immoral conduct" will
depend on the surrounding circumstances.
18
This Court has further ruled that intimacy between a man and a woman who are not married, where both suffer from
no impediment to marry, voluntarily carried on and devoid of any deceit on the part of respondent, is neither so
corrupt as to constitute a criminal act nor so unprincipled as to warrant disbarment or disciplinary action against a
member of the Bar.
19
Based on the allegations in the Complaint and in respondents Comment, we cannot conclude that his act of
cohabiting with a woman and begetting children by her without the benefit of marriage falls within the category of
"grossly immoral conduct."
It is not unwarranted for us to take judicial notice of the fact that more and more Filipinos are finding it necessary to
seek employment abroad in order to provide their loved ones with better lives. We find nothing "unprincipled and
undesirable" with seeking all means within the bounds of law and reason to uplift the lot of ones family. It is not
for us to inquire into our personnels motivations for entering into such an arrangement or to judge how they plan to
accomplish their goals in life, unless it is shown that they are violating the law in the process.
While the Court has the power to regulate official conduct and, to a certain extent, private conduct, it is not within our
authority to make, for our employees, decisions about their personal lives, especially those that will so affect their
and their familys future, such as whether they should or should not be married.
There is no allegation that the two have been flaunting their status as common-law husband and wife, or that their
cohabitation is attended by scandalous circumstances. Thus, the comportment of respondent and his common-law
wife cannot be characterized as "willful, flagrant, shameless, or show[ing] a moral indifference to the opinion of the
good and respectable members of the community" as to warrant the exercise of this Courts disciplinary power.
However, we take this occasion to remind the respondent of the high standards of conduct imposed upon lawyers in
the judiciary. Lawyers in the government service are under an even greater obligation to observe the basic tenets of
the legal profession because public office is a public trust.
20
They should be more circumspect in their adherence to
their professional obligations under the Code of Professional Responsibility, for their disreputable conduct is more
their professional obligations under the Code of Professional Responsibility, for their disreputable conduct is more
likely to be magnified in the public eye.
21
A clerk of court in particular, as an essential and ranking officer of our judicial system who performs delicate
administrative functions vital to the prompt and proper administration of justice, must be free from any form of
impropriety. The conduct of court personnel must be free from any whiff of impropriety or scandal, not only with
respect to their duties in the judicial branch but also to their behavior outside the court as private individuals; it is in
this way that the integrity and the good name of the courts of justice shall be preserved.
22
WHEREFORE, the foregoing premises considered, the complaint against Atty. Jerry Radam Toledo is DISMISSED.
However, he is REMINDED to be more circumspect in his public and private dealings. Costs against complainants.
SO ORDERED.
Ynares-Santiago, Chairperson, Austria-Martinez, Corona**, Reyes, JJ., concur.
Footnotes
* In addition to the three named herein, the Complaint was also signed by one Zenaida Toledo.
1
Rollo, pp. 6-18.
2
Id. at 6-7.
3
Id. at 7.
4
Id. at 8.
5
Id. at 9.
6
Annex "I," rollo, p. 39.
7
Rollo, p. 10.
8
Id. at 11.
9
Id. at 13.
10
Id. at 14.
11
Id. at 56-61.
12
Annex "4," rollo, p. 72.
13
Id. at 4-5.
14
Cojuangco, Jr. v. Palma, A.C. No. 2474, September 15, 2004, 438 SCRA 306, 314, citing 7 C.J.S. 959.
15
Figueroa v. Barranco, Jr., 342 Phil. 408, 412 (1997).
16
Reyes v. Wong, 159 Phil. 171, 178 (1975), citing Co v. Candoy, 21 SCRA 439, 442 (1967).
17
Concerned Employee v. Mayor, A.M. No. P-02-1564, November 23, 2004, 443 SCRA 448, 457.
18
Montaa v. Ruado, 159 Phil. 439 (1975).
19
Radaza v. Tejano, 193 Phil. 433, 436 (1981); Soberano v. Villanueva, 116 Phil. 1208, 1212 (1962). See
also Figueroa v. Barranco, Jr., supra note 15, at 412.
20
Pimente, Jr. v. Fabros, A.C. No. 4517, September 11, 2006, 501 SCRA 346, 352, citing Pimentel, Sr. v.
Llorente, 339 SCRA 154 (2000).
SUPREME COURT
Manila
EN BANC
A.C. No. 6707 March 24, 2006
GISELA HUYSSEN, Complainant,
vs.
ATTY. FRED L. GUTIERREZ, Respondent.

D E C I S I O N
PER CURIAM:
This treats of a Complaint
1
for Disbarment filed by Gisela Huyssen against respondent Atty. Fred L. Gutierrez.
Complainant alleged that in 1995, while respondent was still connected with the Bureau of Immigration and
Deportation (BID), she and her three sons, who are all American citizens, applied for Philippine Visas under Section
13[g] of the Immigration Law. Respondent told complainant that in order that their visa applications will be favorably
acted upon by the BID they needed to deposit a certain sum of money for a period of one year which could be
withdrawn after one year. Believing that the deposit was indeed required by law, complainant deposited with
respondent on six different occasions from April 1995 to April 1996 the total amount of US$20,000. Respondent
prepared receipts/vouchers as proofs that he received the amounts deposited by the complainant but refused to
give her copies of official receipts despite her demands. After one year, complainant demanded from respondent the
return of US$20,000 who assured her that said amount would be returned. When respondent failed to return the
sum deposited, the World Mission for Jesus (of which complainant was a member) sent a demand letter to
respondent for the immediate return of the money. In a letter dated 1 March 1999, respondent promised to release
the amount not later than 9 March 1999. Failing to comply with his promise, the World Mission for Jesus sent
another demand letter. In response thereto, respondent sent complainant a letter dated 19 March 1999 explaining
the alleged reasons for the delay in the release of deposited amount. He enclosed two blank checks postdated to 6
April and 20 April 1999 and authorized complainant to fill in the amounts. When complainant deposited the
postdated checks on their due dates, the same were dishonored because respondent had stopped payment on the
same. Thereafter, respondent, in his letter to complainant dated 25 April 1999, explained the reasons for stopping
payment on the checks, and gave complainant five postdated checks with the assurance that said checks would be
honored. Complainant deposited the five postdated checks on their due dates but they were all dishonored for
having been drawn against insufficient funds or payment thereon was ordered stopped by respondent. After
respondent made several unfulfilled promises to return the deposited amount, complainant referred the matter to a
lawyer who sent two demand letters to respondent. The demand letters remained unheeded.
Thus, a complaint
2
for disbarment was filed by complainant in the Commission on Bar Discipline of the Integrated
Bar of the Philippines (IBP).
On 15 November 2000, Victor C. Fernandez, Director for Bar Discipline, required
3
respondent to submit his answer
within 15 days from receipt thereof.
In his Counter-Affidavit dated 2 July 2001,
4
respondent denied the allegations in the complaint claiming that having
never physically received the money mentioned in the complaint, he could not have appropriated or pocketed the
same. He said the amount was used as payment for services rendered for obtaining the permanent visas in the
Philippines. Respondent explained thus:
a) Through a close-friend, Jovie Galaraga, a Pastor and likewise a friend of the complainant, the latter was
introduced to me at my office at the Bureau of Immigration with a big problem concerning their stay in the
introduced to me at my office at the Bureau of Immigration with a big problem concerning their stay in the
Philippines, herself and three sons, one of which is already of major age while the two others were still minors
then. Their problem was the fact that since they have been staying in the Philippines for almost ten (10) years
as holders of missionary visas (9G) they could no longer extend their said status as under the law and related
polic[i]es of the government, missionary visa holders could only remain as such for ten (10) years after which
they could no longer extend their said status and have to leave the country.
b) Studying their case and being U.S. Citizen (sic), I advised them that they better secure a permanent visa
under Section 3 of the Philippine Immigration Law otherwise known as Quota Visa and thereafter, provided
them with list of the requirements in obtaining the said visa, one of which is that the applicant must have a
$40,000 deposited in the bank. I also inform that her son Marcus Huyssen, who was already of major age,
has to have the same amount of show money separate of her money as he would be issued separate visa,
while her two minor children would be included as her dependents in her said visa application. I advised them
to get a lawyer (sic), complainant further requested me to refer to her to a lawyer to work for their application,
which I did and contacted the late Atty. Mendoza, an Immigration lawyer, to do the job for the complainant and
her family.
c) The application was filed, processed and followed-up by the said Atty. Mendoza until the same was finished
and the corresponding permanent visa were obtained by the complainant and her family. Her son Marcus
Huyssen was given an independent permanent visa while the other two were made as dependents of the
complainant. In between the processing of the papers and becoming very close to the complainant, I became
the intermediary between complainant and their counsel so much that every amount that the latter would
request for whatever purpose was coursed through me which request were then transmitted to the
complainant and every amount of money given by the complainant to their counsel were coursed thru me
which is the very reason why my signature appears in the vouchers attached in the complaint-affidavit;
d) That as time goes by, I noticed that the amount appeared to be huge for services of a lawyer that I myself
began to wonder why and, to satisfy my curiosity, I met Atty. Mendoza and inquired from him regarding the
matter and the following facts were revealed to me:
1) That what was used by the complainant as her show money from the bank is not really her money
but money of World Mission for Jesus, which therefore is a serious violation of the Immigration Law as
there was a misrepresentation. This fact was confirmed later when the said entity sent their demand
letter to the undersigned affiant and which is attached to the complaint-affidavit;
2) That worst, the same amount used by the complainant, was the very same amount used by her son
Marcus Huyssen, in obtaining his separate permanent visa. These acts of the complainant and her son
could have been a ground for deportation and likewise constitute criminal offense under the
Immigration Law and the Revised Penal Code. These could have been the possible reason why
complainant was made to pay for quite huge amount.
e) That after they have secured their visas, complainant and her family became very close to undersigned
and my family that I was even invited to their residence several times;
f) However after three years, complainant demanded the return of their money given and surprisingly they
want to recover the same from me. By twist of fate, Atty. Mendoza is no longer around, he died sometime
1997;
g) That it is unfortunate that the real facts of the matter is now being hidden and that the amount of money is
now being sought to be recovered from me;
h) That the fact is I signed the vouchers and being a lawyer I know the consequences of having signed the
same and therefore I had to answer for it and pay. I tried to raised the fund needed but up to the present my
standby loan application has not been released and was informed that the same would only be forthcoming
second week of August. The same should have been released last March but was aborted due to prevalent
condition. The amount to be paid, according to the complainant has now become doubled plus attorneys fees
of P200,000.00.
Complainant submitted her evidence on 4 September 2002 and April 2003, and filed her Formal Offer of Evidence
on 25 August 2003.
On several occasions, the complaint was set for reception of respondents evidence but the scheduled hearings (11
settings) were all reset at the instance of the respondent who was allegedly out of the country to attend to his clients
needs. Reception of respondents evidence was scheduled for the last time on 28 September 2004 and again
respondent failed to appear, despite due notice and without just cause.
On 5 November 2004, Investigating Commissioner Milagros V. San Juan submitted her report
5
recommending the
disbarment of respondent. She justified her recommendation in this manner:
At the outset it should be noted that there is no question that respondent received the amount of US$20,000 from
complainant, as respondent himself admitted that he signed the vouchers (Annexes A to F of complainant) showing
his receipt of said amount from complainant. Respondent however claims that he did not appropriate the same for
himself but that he delivered the said amount to a certain Atty. Mendoza. This defense raised by respondent is
untenable considering the documentary evidence submitted by complainant. On record is the 1 March 1999 letter of
respondent addressed to the World Mission for Jesus (Annex H of Complaint) where he stated thus:
"I really understand your feelings on the delay of the release of the deposit but I repeat, nobody really intended that
the thing would happen that way. Many events were the causes of the said delay particularly the death of then
Commissioner L. Verceles, whose sudden death prevented us the needed papers for the immediate release. It was
only from compiling all on the first week of January this year, that all the said papers were recovered, hence, the
process of the release just started though some important papers were already finished as early as the last quarter
of last year. We are just going through the normal standard operating procedure and there is no day since January
that I do not make any follow ups on the progress of the same."
and his letter dated 19 March 1999 (Annex L of Complaint) where he stated thus:
"I am sending you my personal checks to cover the refund of the amount deposited by your good self in connection
with the procurement of your permanent visa and that of your family. It might take some more time before the
Bureau could release the refund as some other pertinent papers are being still compiled are being looked at the files
of the late Commissioner Verceles, who approved your visa and who died of heart attack. Anyway, I am sure that
everything would be fine later as all the documents needed are already intact. This is just a bureaucratic delay."
From the above letters, respondent makes it appear that the US$20,000 was officially deposited with the Bureau of
Immigration and Deportation. However, if this is true, how come only Petty Cash Vouchers were issued by
respondent to complainant to prove his receipt of the said sum and official receipts therefore were never issued by
the said Bureau? Also, why would respondent issue his personal checks to cover the return of the money to
complainant if said amount was really officially deposited with the Bureau of Immigration? All these actions of
respondent point to the inescapable conclusion that respondent received the money from complainant and
appropriated the same for his personal use. It should also be noted that respondent has failed to establish that the
"late Atty. Mendoza" referred to in his Counter-Affidavit really exists. There is not one correspondence from Atty.
Mendoza regarding the visa application of complainant and his family, and complainant has also testified that she
never met this Atty. Mendoza referred to by respondent.
Considering that respondent was able to perpetrate the fraud by taking advantage of his position with the Board of
Special Inquiry of the Bureau of Immigration and Deportation, makes it more reprehensible as it has caused damage
to the reputation and integrity of said office. It is submitted that respondent has violated Rule 6.02 of Canon 6 of the
Code of Professional Responsibility which reads:
"A lawyer in the government service shall not use his public position to promote or advance his private interests, nor
allow the latter to interfere with his public duties."
On 4 November 2004, the IBP Board of Governors approved
6
the Investigating Commissioners report with
modification, thus:
RESOLVED to ADOPT and APPROVE, as it hereby ADOPTED and APPROVED, with modification, the Report and
Recommendation of the Investigating Commissioner of the above-entitled case, herein made part of this Resolution
as Annex "A"; and, finding the recommendation fully supported by the evidence on record and applicable laws and
rules, and considering respondents violation of Rule 6.02 of Canon 6 of the Code of Professional Responsibility,
Atty. Fred L. Gutierrez is hereby DISBARRED from the practice of law and ordered to return the amount with legal
interest from receipt of the money until payment. This case shall be referred to the Office of the Ombudsman for
prosecution for violation of Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Acts and to the Department of Justice for appropriate
administrative action.
We agree with the IBP Board of Governors that respondent should be severely sanctioned.
We begin with the veritable fact that lawyers in government service in the discharge of their official task have more
restrictions than lawyers in private practice. Want of moral integrity is to be more severely condemned in a lawyer
who holds a responsible public office.
7
It is undisputed that respondent admitted
8
having received the US$20,000 from complainant as shown by his
signatures in the petty cash vouchers
9
and receipts
10
he prepared, on the false representation that that it was
signatures in the petty cash vouchers
9
and receipts
10
he prepared, on the false representation that that it was
needed in complainants application for visa with the BID. Respondent denied he misappropriated the said amount
and interposed the defense that he delivered it to a certain Atty. Mendoza who assisted complainant and children in
their application for visa in the BID.
11
Such defense remains unsubstantiated as he failed to submit evidence on the
matter. While he claims that Atty. Mendoza already died, he did not present the death certificate of said Atty.
Mendoza. Worse, the action of respondent in shifting the blame to someone who has been naturally silenced by
fate, is not only impudent but downright ignominious. When the integrity of a member of the bar is challenged, it is
not enough that he deny the charges against him; he must meet the issue and overcome the evidence against
him.
12
He must show proof that he still maintains that degree of morality and integrity which at all times is expected
of him. In the case at bar, respondent clearly fell short of his duty. Records show that even though he was given the
opportunity to answer the charges and controvert the evidence against him in a formal investigation, he failed,
without any plausible reason, to appear several times whenever the case was set for reception of his evidence
despite due notice.
The defense of denial proferred by respondent is, thus, not convincing. It is settled that denial is inherently a weak
defense. To be believed, it must be buttressed by a strong evidence of non-culpability; otherwise, such denial is
purely self-serving and is with nil evidentiary value.
When respondent issued the postdated checks as his moral obligation, he indirectly admitted the charge. Such
admissions were also apparent in the following letters of respondent to complainant:
1) Letter
13
dated 01 March 1992, pertinent portion of which reads:
Be that as it may, may I assure you for the last time that the said deposit is forthcoming, the latest of which is 09
March 1999. Should it not be released on said date, I understand to pay the same to you out of my personal money
on said date. No more reasons and no more alibis. Send somebody here at the office on that day and the amount
would be given to you wether (sic) from the Bureau or from my own personal money.
2) Letter
14
dated 19 March 1999, reads in part:
I am sending you my personal checks to cover the refund of the amount deposited by your goodself in connection
with the procurement of your permanent visa and that of your family.
It might take some more time before the Bureau could release the refund as some other pertinent papers are still
being compiled and are being looked at the files of the late Commissioner Verceles, who approved your visa and
who died of heart attack. Anyway, I am sure that everything would be fine later as all the documents needed are
already intact. This is just a bureaucratic delay.
x x x x
As you would see, I have to pay you in peso. I have issued you 2 checks, one dated April 6, 1999 and the other one
dated April 20, 1999. I leave the amount vacant because I would want you to fill them up on their due dates the peso
equivalent to $10,000 respectively. This is to be sure that the peso equivalent of your P20,000 would be well
exchanged. I have postdated them to enable me to raise some more pesos to cover the whole amount but dont
worry as the Lord had already provided me the means.
3) Letter
15
dated 25 April 1999 provides:
Anyway, let me apologize for all these troubles. You are aware that I have done my very best for the early return of
your money but the return is becoming bleak as I was informed that there are still papers lacking. When I stopped
the payment of the checks I issued, I was of the impression that everything is fine, but it is not. I guess it is time for
me to accept the fact that I really have to personally return the money out of my own. The issue should stop at my
end. This is the truth that I must face. It may hurt me financially but it would set me free from worries and anxieties.
I have arranged for a loan from money lenders and was able to secure one last Saturday the releases of which are
on the following:
May 4, 1999- 200,000
May 11, 1999 -200,000
May 20, 1999-200,000
June 4, 1999-200,000
I have given my property (lot situated in the province) as my collateral.
I am therefore putting an end to this trouble. I am issuing four checks which I assure you will be sufficiently funded
on their due dates by reason of my aforestated loans. Just bear with me for the last time, if any of these checks, is
returned, dont call me anymore. Just file the necessary action against me, I just had to put an end to this matter and
look forward. x x x
4) Letter
16
dated 12 May 1999, which reads:
The other day I deposited the amount of P289,000 to the bank to cover the first check I issued. In fact I stopped all
payments to all other checks that are becoming due to some of my creditors to give preference to the check I issued
to you.
This morning when I went to the Bank, I learned that the bank instead of returning the other checks I requested for
stop payment - instead honored them and mistakenly returned your check. This was a very big surprise to me and
discouragement for I know it would really upset you.
In view of this I thought of sending you the amount of P200,000 in cash which I initially plan to withdraw from the
Bank. However, I could not entrust the same amount to the bearer nor can I bring the same to your place
considering that its quite a big amount. I am just sending a check for you to immediately deposit today and I was
assured by the bank that it would be honored this time.
Normally, this is not the actuation of one who is falsely accused of appropriating the money of another. As correctly
observed by the Investigating Commissioner, respondent would not have issued his personal checks if said amount
were officially deposited with the BID. This is an admission of misconduct.
Respondents act of asking money from complainant in consideration of the latters pending application for visas is
violative of Rule 1.01
17
of the Code of Professional Responsibility, which prohibits members of the Bar from
engaging or participating in any unlawful, dishonest, or deceitful acts. Moreover, said acts constitute a breach of
Rule 6.02
18
of the Code which bars lawyers in government service from promoting their private interest. Promotion
of private interest includes soliciting gifts or anything of monetary value in any transaction requiring the approval of
his office or which may be affected by the functions of his office.
19
Respondents conduct in office betrays the
integrity and good moral character required from all lawyers, especially from one occupying a high public office. A
lawyer in public office is expected not only to refrain from any act or omission which might tend to lessen the trust
and confidence of the citizenry in government; he must also uphold the dignity of the legal profession at all times
and observe a high standard of honesty and fair dealing. Otherwise said, a lawyer in government service is a keeper
of the public faith and is burdened with high degree of social responsibility, perhaps higher than his brethren in
private practice.
In a desperate attempt to put up a smoke or to camouflage his misdeed, he went on committing another by issuing
several worthless checks, thereby compounding his case.
In a recent case, we have held that the issuance of worthless checks constitutes gross misconduct,
20
as the effect
"transcends the private interests of the parties directly involved in the transaction and touches the interests of the
community at large. The mischief it creates is not only a wrong to the payee or holder, but also an injury to the public
since the circulation of valueless commercial papers can very well pollute the channels of trade and commerce,
injure the banking system and eventually hurt the welfare of society and the public interest. Thus, paraphrasing
Blacks definition, a drawer who issues an unfunded check deliberately reneges on his private duties he owes his
fellow men or society in a manner contrary to accepted and customary rule of right and duty, justice, honesty or
good morals."
21
Consequently, we have held that the act of a person in issuing a check knowing at the time of the issuance that he
or she does not have sufficient funds in, or credit with, the drawee bank for the payment of the check in full upon its
presentment, is also a manifestation of moral turpitude.
22
Respondents acts are more despicable. Not only did he misappropriate the money of complainant; worse, he had
the gall to prepare receipts with the letterhead of the BID and issued checks to cover up his misdeeds. Clearly, he
does not deserve to continue, being a member of the bar.
Time and again, we have declared that the practice of law is a noble profession. It is a special privilege bestowed
only upon those who are competent intellectually, academically and morally. A lawyer must at all times conduct
himself, especially in his dealings with his clients and the public at large, with honesty and integrity in a manner
beyond reproach. He must faithfully perform his duties to society, to the bar, to the courts and to his clients. A
beyond reproach. He must faithfully perform his duties to society, to the bar, to the courts and to his clients. A
violation of the high standards of the legal profession subjects the lawyer to administrative sanctions which includes
suspension and disbarment.
23
More importantly, possession of good moral character must be continuous as a
requirement to the enjoyment of the privilege of law practice; otherwise, the loss thereof is a ground for the
revocation of such privilege.
24
Indeed, the primary objective of administrative cases against lawyers is not only to punish and discipline the erring
individual lawyers but also to safeguard the administration of justice by protecting the courts and the public from the
misconduct of lawyers, and to remove from the legal profession persons whose utter disregard of their lawyers oath
have proven them unfit to continue discharging the trust reposed in them as members of the bar.
25
These
pronouncement gain practical significance in the case at bar considering that respondent was a former member of
the Board of Special Inquiry of the BID. It bears stressing also that government lawyers who are public servants owe
fidelity to the public service, a public trust. As such, government lawyers should be more sensitive to their
professional obligations as their disreputable conduct is more likely to be magnified in the public eye.
26
As a lawyer, who was also a public officer, respondent miserably failed to cope with the strict demands and high
standards of the legal profession.
Section 27, Rule 138 of the Revised Rules of Court mandates that a lawyer may be disbarred or suspended by this
Court for any of the following acts: (1) deceit; (2) malpractice; (3) gross misconduct in office; (4) grossly immoral
conduct; (5) conviction of a crime involving moral turpitude ; (6) violation of the lawyers oath; (7) willful disobedience
of any lawful order of a superior court; and (8) willfully appearing as an attorney for a party without authority to do
so.
27
In Atty. Vitriolo v. Atty. Dasig,
28
we ordered the disbarment of a lawyer who, during her tenure as OIC, Legal
Services, Commission on Higher Education, demanded sums of money as consideration for the approval of
applications and requests awaiting action by her office. In Lim v. Barcelona,
29
we also disbarred a senior lawyer of
the National Labor Relations Commission, who was caught by the National Bureau of Investigation in the act of
receiving and counting money extorted from a certain person.
Respondents acts constitute gross misconduct; and consistent with the need to maintain the high standards of the
Bar and thus preserve the faith of the public in the legal profession, respondent deserves the ultimate penalty of
expulsion from the esteemed brotherhood of lawyers.
30
WHEREFORE, Atty. Fred L. Gutierrez is hereby DISBARRED from the practice of law and ordered to return the
amount he received from the complainant with legal interest from his receipt of the money until payment. This case
shall be referred to the Office of the Ombudsman for criminal prosecution for violation of Anti-Graft and Corrupt
Practices Acts and to the Department of Justice for appropriate administrative action. Let copies of this Decision be
furnished the Bar Confidant to be spread on the records of the respondent; the Integrated Bar of the Philippines for
distribution to all its chapters; and the Office of the Court Administrator for dissemination to all courts throughout the
country.
SO ORDERED.
ARTEMIO V. PANGANIBAN
Chief Justice
REYNATO S. PUNO
Associate Justice
Asscociate Justice
Associate Justice
ANGELINA SANDOVAL-GUTIERREZ
Asscociate Justice
ANTONIO T. CARPIO
Associate Justice
MA. ALICIA AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ
Asscociate Justice
RENATO C. CORONA
Associate Justice
Asscociate Justice

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m
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6
7
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v
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M
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,
[
1
6
]

w
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[
1
7
]

U
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6
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6
7
1
3
.

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B
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7

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SUPREME COURT
Manila
THIRD DIVISION
A.C. No. 6057 June 27, 2006
PETER T. DONTON, Complainant,
vs.
ATTY. EMMANUEL O. TANSINGCO, Respondent.
D E C I S I O N
CARPIO, J.:
The Case
This is a disbarment complaint against respondent Atty. Emmanuel O. Tansingco ("respondent") for serious
misconduct and deliberate violation of Canon 1,
1
Rules 1.01
2
and 1.02
3
of the Code of Professional Responsibility
("Code").
The Facts
In his Complaint dated 20 May 2003, Peter T. Donton ("complainant") stated that he filed a criminal complaint for
estafa thru falsification of a public document
4
against Duane O. Stier ("Stier"), Emelyn A. Maggay ("Maggay") and
respondent, as the notary public who notarized the Occupancy Agreement.
The disbarment complaint arose when respondent filed a counter-charge for perjury
5
against complainant.
Respondent, in his affidavit-complaint, stated that:
5. The OCCUPANCY AGREEMENT dated September 11, 1995 was prepared and notarized by me
under the following circumstances:
A. Mr. Duane O. Stier is the owner and long-time resident of a real property located at No. 33
Don Jose Street, Bgy. San Roque, Murphy, Cubao, Quezon City.
B. Sometime in September 1995, Mr. Stier a U.S. citizen and thereby disqualified to own
real property in his name agreed that the property be transferred in the name of Mr. Donton,
a Filipino.
C. Mr. Stier, in the presence of Mr. Donton, requested me to prepare several documents that
would guarantee recognition of him being the actual owner of the property despite the transfer of
title in the name of Mr. Donton.
D. For this purpose, I prepared, among others, the OCCUPANCY AGREEMENT, recognizing Mr.
Stiers free and undisturbed use of the property for his residence and business operations. The
OCCUPANCY AGREEMENT was tied up with a loan which Mr. Stier had extended to Mr.
Donton.
6
Complainant averred that respondents act of preparing the Occupancy Agreement, despite knowledge that Stier,
being a foreign national, is disqualified to own real property in his name, constitutes serious misconduct and is a
deliberate violation of the Code. Complainant prayed that respondent be disbarred for advising Stier to do
something in violation of law and assisting Stier in carrying out a dishonest scheme.
In his Comment dated 19 August 2003, respondent claimed that complainant filed the disbarment case against him
upon the instigation of complainants counsel, Atty. Bonifacio A. Alentajan,
7
because respondent refused to act as
upon the instigation of complainants counsel, Atty. Bonifacio A. Alentajan,
7
because respondent refused to act as
complainants witness in the criminal case against Stier and Maggay. Respondent admitted that he "prepared and
notarized" the Occupancy Agreement and asserted its genuineness and due execution.
In a Resolution dated 1 October 2003, the Court referred the matter to the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) for
investigation, report and recommendation.
The IBPs Report and Recommendation
In her Report dated 26 February 2004 ("Report"), Commissioner Milagros V. San Juan ("Commissioner San Juan")
of the IBP Commission on Bar Discipline found respondent liable for taking part in a "scheme to circumvent the
constitutional prohibition against foreign ownership of land in the Philippines." Commissioner San Juan
recommended respondents suspension from the practice of law for two years and the cancellation of his
commission as Notary Public.
In Resolution No. XVI-2004-222 dated 16 April 2004, the IBP Board of Governors adopted, with modification, the
Report and recommended respondents suspension from the practice of law for six months.
On 28 June 2004, the IBP Board of Governors forwarded the Report to the Court as provided under Section 12(b),
Rule 139-B
8
of the Rules of Court.
On 28 July 2004, respondent filed a motion for reconsideration before the IBP. Respondent stated that he was
already 76 years old and would already retire by 2005 after the termination of his pending cases. He also said that
his practice of law is his only means of support for his family and his six minor children.
In a Resolution dated 7 October 2004, the IBP denied the motion for reconsideration because the IBP had no more
jurisdiction on the case as the matter had already been referred to the Court.
The Ruling of the Court
The Court finds respondent liable for violation of Canon 1 and Rule 1.02 of the Code.
A lawyer should not render any service or give advice to any client which will involve defiance of the laws which he
is bound to uphold and obey.
9
A lawyer who assists a client in a dishonest scheme or who connives in violating the
law commits an act which justifies disciplinary action against the lawyer.
10
By his own admission, respondent admitted that Stier, a U.S. citizen, was disqualified from owning real property.
11
Yet, in his motion for reconsideration,
12
respondent admitted that he caused the transfer of ownership to the parcel
of land to Stier. Respondent, however, aware of the prohibition, quickly rectified his act and transferred the title in
complainants name. But respondent provided "some safeguards" by preparing several documents,
13
including the
Occupancy Agreement, that would guarantee Stiers recognition as the actual owner of the property despite its
transfer in complainants name. In effect, respondent advised and aided Stier in circumventing the constitutional
prohibition against foreign ownership of lands
14
by preparing said documents.
Respondent had sworn to uphold the Constitution. Thus, he violated his oath and the Code when he prepared and
notarized the Occupancy Agreement to evade the law against foreign ownership of lands. Respondent used his
knowledge of the law to achieve an unlawful end. Such an act amounts to malpractice in his office, for which he may
be suspended.
15
In Balinon v. De Leon,
16
respondent Atty. De Leon was suspended from the practice of law for three years for
preparing an affidavit that virtually permitted him to commit concubinage. In In re: Santiago,
17
respondent Atty.
Santiago was suspended from the practice of law for one year for preparing a contract which declared the spouses
to be single again after nine years of separation and allowed them to contract separately subsequent marriages.
WHEREFORE, we find respondent Atty. Emmanuel O. Tansingco GUILTY of violation of Canon 1 and Rule 1.02 of
the Code of Professional Responsibility. Accordingly, we SUSPEND respondent Atty. Emmanuel O. Tansingco from
the practice of law for SIX MONTHS effective upon finality of this Decision.
Let copies of this Decision be furnished the Office of the Bar Confidant to be appended to respondents personal
record as an attorney, the Integrated Bar of the Philippines, the Department of Justice, and all courts in the country
for their information and guidance.
SO ORDERED.
ANTONIO T. CARPIO
E
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SUPREME COURT
Manila
EN BANC
A.C. No. 7435 September 10, 2009
REY C. SARMIENTO, ANGELITO C. SARMIENTO, WILLY C. SARMIENTO and RAQUEL C. SARMIENTO-CO,
Complainants,
vs.
ATTY. EDELSON G. OLIVA, Respondent.
R E S O L U T I O N
CORONA, J.:
This is a complaint for disbarment
1
filed by complainants
Rey, Angelito, Willy and Raquel
2
Sarmiento against respondent Atty. Edelson G. Oliva.
Complainants alleged that they received, as payment for the purchase
3
of a P13 million Makati City property,
4
five
postdated checks from respondent.
5
When presented to the drawee bank, two checks were dishonored due to
"closed account."
6
Consequently, complainants sent demand letters to respondent on June 21, 2003 and October 7,
2003.
On May 20, 2004, respondent requested complainants to reduce his obligation to P11 million. Complainants agreed.
He gave a partial down payment of P200,000
7
and issued four postdated Premier Bank checks.
8
Upon
presentment, the first check was dishonored again due to "closed account."
9
On October 7, 2004, complainants
again demanded payment from respondent but the demand was ignored.
10
Hence, this complaint, which was
originally filed with the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP).
Respondent, in his answer, claimed that this complaint was instituted to harass him inasmuch as he had no
outstanding financial obligation to the complainants. He maintained that complainants had a buyer for the property
on installment. He issued the checks on the condition that these would only be presented on approval and release
of proceeds of the loan as the buyer would issue his own checks to cover payment in respondents name. Because
the complainants deposited the checks for clearing without informing him, they actually violated their agreement.
11
The complaint was set for mandatory conference/hearing
12
but respondent repeatedly failed to appear at the
scheduled hearings despite due notice.
13
He was thus deemed to have waived his right to participate in further
proceedings.
14
In its January 23, 2006 report and recommendation,
15
the Commission on Bar Discipline (CBD) of the IBP found
that respondent transferred the property to his name despite giving complainants only P200,000. He took advantage
of complainants who trusted him and relied on his good faith. Furthermore, he never appeared in any of the
scheduled hearings. The CBD thus recommended that respondent be suspended from the practice of law for two
years.1awphi1
The IBP Board of Governors approved and adopted the report and recommendation of the CBD in toto and ordered
respondent to restitute the amount of P11 million to complainants.
16
We modify the recommendation of the IBP.
In a resolution dated October 7, 1994, respondent was disbarred in Libit v. Attys. Edelson G. Oliva and Umali
17
for
grave misconduct.
18
Hence, not being a member of the bar, he cannot be suspended from the practice of law.
grave misconduct.
18
Hence, not being a member of the bar, he cannot be suspended from the practice of law.
Libit was never mentioned in the records of this case. Complainants obviously had no knowledge of respondents
disbarment in 1994. Respondent must have represented himself to complainants as a bona fide member of the bar.
Furthermore, he never informed the IBP of his prior disbarment. As a former lawyer, he knew that the jurisdiction of
the IBP is limited to members of the bar.
Since respondent himself made a positive misrepresentation to complainants that he was still a lawyer and even
submitted himself to the jurisdiction of the IBP, he is estopped from questioning the jurisdiction of the IBP over him.
For this reason we find as proper the recommendation of the IBP that respondent be required to indemnify the
complainants the amount of P11 million.
19
Respondent does not dispute that complainants were the owners of the
property before he had the title to the said property transferred in his name. He cannot unduly enrich himself and
enjoy ownership of the property without compensating complainants.
Moreover, the Court has held that a disbarred lawyer, who continues to represent himself as a lawyer with the
authority to practice law commits a contumacious act
20
and is liable for indirect contempt.
21
WHEREFORE, respondent Edelson G. Oliva is hereby ORDERED to show cause within ten days from receipt of
this resolution why he should not be cited for indirect contempt for misrepresenting himself to be an attorney, without
prejudice to complainants right to seek other legal remedies.
SO ORDERED.
RENATO C. CORONA
Associate Justice
WE CONCUR:
REYNATO S. PUNO
Chief Justice
Associate Justice
Associate Justice
ANTONIO T. CARPIO
Associate Justice
Associate Justice
MINITA V. CHICO-NAZARIO
Associate Justice
Associate Justice
ANTONIO EDUARDO B. NACHURA
Associate Justice
Associate Justice
ARTURO D. BRION
Associate Justice
DIOSDADO M. PERALTA
Associate Justice
LUCAS P. BERSAMIN
Associate Justice
Associate Justice
ROBERTO A. ABAD
Associate Justice
Footnotes
1
Letter-complaint dated December 10, 2004. Rollo, pp. 1-2.
2
Surnamed Sarmiento-Co in some parts of the records.
3
Under Memorandum of Agreement, Deeds of Absolute Sale and Transfer Certificate of Title No. 218601,
"Annex K" of answer. Rollo, pp. 6-8, 9-11 and 46.

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Today is Tuesday, June 10, 2014

Republic of the Philippines

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