1

BIOSAND FILTER DENGAN REAKTOR KARBON AKTIF PADA PENGOLAHAN

LIMBAH CAIR LAUNDRY
Putri Aulia Halim
[1]
D 121 09 273
Mary Selintung
[2]
Johannes Patandu
[3]
[1]
Mahasis!a S1 Program Studi "eni #ingungan Jurusan Si$il %aultas "eni
&ni'ersitas Hasanuddin Maassar
[2]( [3]
Sta) Penga*ar Jurusan Si$il %aultas "eni+ &ni'ersitas Hasanuddin Maassar
Abstrak
In Makassar in general an increase in the number of people from year to year . With a
city population of increase , there will be also an increase in demand for goods and services , one
of which is in great demand services are laundry services . On the other hand , laundry services
this negative impact is the generation of waste generated from the rest of the laundry process
tigak treated before it is disposed so that raises the potential for pollution to the environment,
especially on water . Activated carbon filter biosand technology is a combination of appropriate
technologies that are effective in treating surface water . This study aims to determine the
effectiveness of a decrease in the concentration of iological O!ygen "emand , #hemical O!ygen
"emand , Total $uspended $olid , and phosphates at the end of the laundry waste . $ampling was
done every % days for & week and perform repetitions ' times . After processing by using
technology effectively biosand (ilter Activated carbon reduction in iological O!ygen "emand
concentrations ranging from )&.'* + on average , #hemical O!ygen "emand ranged from ,-..%
+ , Total $uspended $olid averaged ,%./- + , and the average 0hosphate average ranged
between )/.1' + . With the sewage treatment with Activated #arbon (ilter Technology biosand
can reduce ketercemaran and can prevent the negative impact caused by waste water effluent rest
of the laundry .
Keywor ! iosand (ilter, Activated carbon, iological O!ygen "emand, #hemical O!ygen
"emand, Total $uspended $olid, And (osfat
Pre"a#e
Background
,n Maassar+ generally+ there is an in-rease
$o$ulation )rom year to year( Po$ulation
gro!th -an .e -aused .y .irth and
migration( /ith a -ity $o$ulation in-reases+
there !ill .e also in-reased )or goods and
ser'i-es+ one ser'i-e that is in demand
!hi-h is laundry ser'i-es+ !ith the laundry
ser'i-es ha'e eased the household -hores
and $ro'ide -onsidera.le .ene)its .y
redu-ing the num.er o) unem$loyed( on the
other hand+ laundry ser'i-es has negati'e
im$a-t !hi-h is generated )rom the !aste
$ile residual o) the $ro-ess that is not treated
.e)ore it is dis$osed so it -an lead to
$ollution to the en'ironment+ es$e-ially on
!ater(
/ater $ollution due to laundry !aste -aused
.y detergent( ,n-luding the $ollutants inside
it -alled Alkyl ben2ene+ !hi-h is no!n as
hard detergent( ,t0s due to harshness to .e
-orru$ted .y mi-roorganism 1non2
.iodegrada.le3 so it -ould -ause $ollution to
the en'ironment 1A)ri 4unita+ 20113( /ater
)rom laundry !aste -ontain -hemi-al
-om$ound !ith high le'el -on-entration o)
$hos$hate+ sur)a-tant+ ammonia+ dan
nitrogen+ also dissol'ed solid+ tur.idity+
56D+ and 76D 1Ahmad dan 8l2Dessouy+
20093( "hese su.stan-es !hen dis$osed o'er
the -hannel and then dis-harged into the
!aters o) the ri'er !ill disru$t and degrade
!ater :uality i) it;s not through the
$ro-essing )irst( "aing into a--ount the
$ro.lems that e<ist+ it should .e -onsidered
2
a tool or te-hnology that -an redu-e the le'el
o) danger $osed .y the a-ti'ities o) laundry
ser'i-es( ,n this study used $arameters 56D+
76D+ "SS+ Phos$hate and use e:ui$ment or
te-hnology =5iosand %ilter A-ti'ated
-ar.on=( #i:uid !aste treatment $ur$ose is
to redu-e organi- and inorgani- $ollutants in
!aste!ater to a le'el !here mi-roorganisms
-an not gro! and the to<i- -om$ounds -an
.e eliminated 1Sa)ina+ 20123( Ho$e)ully
)rom the results o) treatment !ith this tool+
the -on-entration o) $ollution -an .e
redu-ed+ so that !hen released into the
en'ironment it does not -ause en'ironmental
damage and de-line in the :uality o) the
en'ironment .oth a:uati- and other
en'ironmental(
5ased on the .a-ground a.o'e+ then
the )ormulated $ro.lems are ho! is the
te-hnology o) iosand (ilter Activated
carbon+ ho! mu-h the e))e-ti'ity gained .y
using 3iosand (ilter Activated carbon> in
$ro-essing laundry !aste !ater+ and !hat is
the su$eriority and in)eriority o) iosand
(ilter Activated carbon in $ro-essing
laundry !aste !ater
LITERATURE
Waste water definition
A--ording to ?e$u.li- o) ,ndonesia
@o'ernment #a! no( 92 year 2001+ !aste is
residual o) !or or a-ti'ity that -ontain
dangerous or haAardous su.stan-e that -ould
endanger en'ironment+ health+ and e<isten-e
o) human and all other li'ing .eing dire-tly
or not due to its nature or -on-entration and
amount 1Pur.a+ 20093( /hereas a--ording to
the de-ree o) minister o) en'ironment no( B1
year 199B on :uality standards o) !aste
!ater )or industrial a-ti'ities !aste !ater is
!aste in the )orm o) li:uid that $rodu-ed .y
industrial a-ti'ities and dis-arded to the
en'ironment and e<$e-ted to -ausing
de-rease in the :uality o) en'ironment %or
the de)initions a.o'e+ !aste !ater generally
-an .e -on-lude as residual o) !ors or
a-ti'ities in )orm o) li:uid that -ame )rom
household+ industry+ or other -ommon $la-es
that usually -ontain su.stan-e that endanger
humans li'ing also distur. the $reser'ation
o) en'ironment(
Dirt is things the did not su$$ose to .e
in te<tile or other sur)a-e( "his dirt usually
-onsists o) -om.ination )rom some
-om$onent+ de$ends on the ind and the use
o) the )a.ri-( As in image 1 .elo! is a
laundry !aste is used as a sam$le(
I$a%e &' La()ry *aste
"he -lari)i-ation o) laundry !aste is dirt
/ater solu.le dirt is dirt that -an .e !ash
o)) !hen it rinsed .y !ater !ith or !ithout
detergent 1"a.le 13+ Dirt the dissol'ed to
sol'ent is hard to !ashed o)) and o)tenly
-an0t .e li)t -om$letely 1"a.le 23+ and the
last is Dirt that need .lea-hing in -leaning
$ro-es
Tabe+ &' Easy water,so++(b+e -rt

Tabe+ .' Har water,so++(b+e -rt
Protein
eggs
Sau-e
.lood
)ae-es
Pigment Dust
7ar.ohydrate Stra-h
6il and )at
Mineral oil
Cegeta.le oil
other;s
&rine
sugar
salt
Datural Dye
)ruits
Sau-e
medi-ine
5lood
Arti)i-ial Dye ,ndustry Dye
3
Tabe+ /' D-rt t0at )ee b+ea#0-)%
Biosand Filter
iosand filter is a te-hnology that
$ro'ed ada$ta.le and a.le to sur'i'e in
de'elo$ing -ountry( 5S% is $retty mu-h
resem.le slo! sand )ilter in a mean that
ma*ority o) the )iltration and the tur.idity
mo'e ha$$ens in the $ea o) the sand layer
in its asso-iation !ith the de-reasing siAe o)
$ores due to dismissal o) granules $arti-le(
"his te-hnology 99(99E ty$hoid0s .a-teria
eliminator 1Mur-ott F #u-as+ 20023
,n image 2 is a unit .iosand a-ti'e
-ar.on )ilter used in the study(
I$a%e .' Biosand Filter
The mechanism in eliminating
contaminant in biosand filter
,n .iosand )ilter there is some
me-hanism in eliminating -ontaminants in
!aste !ater( "hose me-hanisms su-h as
1Huisman+ 200G3 H
"he )irst is me-hani-al straining the
)iltering $ro-ess o) sus$ended $arti-les that
are too large to $ass through the holes
.et!een the grains o) sand( "his $ro-ess
o--urs on the sur)a-e o) the )ilter(
"he se-ond me-hanism is
sedimentation+ this $ro-ess is a $ro-ess to
$re-i$itate sus$ended $arti-les )iner $ore
siAe o) the holes on the sur)a-e o) the
granules(
"he third me-hanism is adsor$tion+ this
$ro-ess is the most im$ortant .e-ause it
eliminates the -olloidal arti-le deri'ed )rom
organi- and inorgani- materials that are not
sedimented(
"he )ourth me-hanism is .iologi-al
a-ti'ity+ this $ro-ess in'ol'es a
mi-ro.iologist !ho li'es in the )ilter(
Mi-roorganisms naturally )ound in ra!
!ater through the )ilter and !hen it -an .e
retained on )ilter granular 1AA!arali+ 20123(
iosand filter activated carbon has
ad'antage and disad'antages( Se'eral
ad'antages su-h asH
8))e-ti'e .e-ause biosan filter is a
treatment institution that -an inde$endent as
!ell as to im$ro'e the !ater :uality o) the
$hysi-al+ -hemi-al+ .iologi-al and e'en may
eliminate $athogeni- .a-teria .ut !ith the
$ro'ision o) o$eration and maintenan-e o)
the )ilter is done $ro$erly and -orre-tly(
7hea$ .e-ause 5asi-ally slo! sand
)ilter need no energy dan -hemi-al material+
also )ilter(
Sim$le 5e-ause the o$eration and the
maintenan-e lo! in -ost+ also it doesn0t need
s$e-ialiAed o$erator so its )it to .e use in
rural+ s$e-ially in de'elo$ing -ountry(
Mean!hile that disad'antages this unit
su-h asH
"oo sensiti'e !ith the 'ariation o)
standard $H !ater+ the sedimentation $eriod
tae $retty long+ thus the )iltration $eriod
also tae time i) in .ig -a$a-ity+ .e-ause o)
the !ashing generally done manually so it
tae many man $o!er+ .ut it0s lighter in
smaller s-ale
Activated carbon
Activated #arbon is an amor) -ar.on
that mostly -onsists o) )ree -ar.on also ha'e
high adsor.ility( Activated #arbon used as
.lea-h+ gas tra$$er+ logam tra$$er+ et-(
1?ahayu+ 200G3(
,n image 3 is a a-ti'ated -ar.on that is
used )or study(
Perlon
%at
6il
Paint
Cernish
Most o) the dye
G
I$a%e /' A#t-1ate #arbo)
:uality re:uirements o) a-ti'ated -ar.on -an
.e seen in "a.le G .elo! H
Tab+e 2' Re3(-r$e)t o" 4(a+-ty
A#t-1ate Carbo)
No Ty5e o" test U)-t Re3(-r$e)t
1
Missing
$ie-e on
heating 9B0
7 E Mas 2B
2 /ater E Mas 1B
3 Ash E Mas 2+B
G
Partt into
-har-oal E
"ida
ternyata
B
A.sor$tion
o) a solution
o) , mgIg Mas 7B0
1Sour-e H SD, Do 0J237302199B3
7o-onut shell is a )ine material to .e made
as a-ti'ated -ar.on that used as adsor.an-e(
Dot only )or it hardness+ .ut also .e-ause
it0s not too thi- so it $ossi.le the adsor.ing
to !or e'enly(
A-ti'ated -ar.on a.le to adsor. .oth
organi- and anorgani- -om$ound+ .ut the
me-hanism o) the adsor.ing still un-lear to
resol'e( "he adsro.ing me-hanism that
no!n until no! is adsro.an-e o) )enol
grous and aldehid aromatis and its deri'ate(
"he -om$ound o) )enol2aldehid and the
-om$ound that adsor.ed .y -ar.on
ha$$ened .e-ause o) donor2a--$etor
ele-tron $henomenon( "he -ar.onil grou$
on the sur)a-e o) -ar.on a-t as ele-tron
donor( 5e-ause this ha$$ened+ the -ore o)
.enAene !ill tied !ith the -ar.onil grou$ on
this sur)a-e H
/ith the mi-ro $ores .et!een $arti-les
are 'ery numerous on a-ti'ated -ar.on+ !ill
-ause that led to the ge*ela -a$illary
adsor$tion( ,n addition+ the $ore siAe
distri.ution is an im$ortant )a-tor in
determining the a.ility o) a-ti'ated -ar.on
adsor$tion( %or e<am$le+ the siAe 20
angsrtom -an .e used to eliminate the
mi<ture o) taste and smell+ *ust more
e))e-ti'e )or -leaning the gas+ !hile the siAe
o) 202100 angstrom e))e-ti'e to a.sor. the
-olor.
At 'arying -onditions a$$arently only
$artially sur)a-e ha'ing a.sor$ti'e -a$a-ity(
"his ha$$ens .e-ause the -ar.on sur)a-e is
-onsidered heterogeneous+ so that only a )e!
ty$es o) su.stan-es that -an .e adsor.ed .y
the more a-ti'e $arts o) the sur)a-e+ !hi-h is
-alled the a-ti'e -enter(
Mean!hile )a-tors that a))e-t the
adsor$tion is as )ollo!sH
Physi-al and -hemi-al -hara-teristi-s o)
the adsor.ent+ su-h asH sur)a-e area $ore
siAe+ -hemi-al -om$osition(
Physi-al and -hemi-al -hara-teristi-s o)
adsor.ate+ among othersH the mole-ular siAe+
$olarity moleuK -hemi-al -om$osition(
Adsor.ate -on-entration in li:uid $hase(
Adsor.tion time system
,n "a.le B .elo! -an .e seen se'eral
uses o) a-ti'ated -har-oal asH
Tab+e 6' T0e (se o" a#t-1ate #arbo)
"or +-3(- s(bsta)#e
No 5(r5ose (se
1
%ood and
$harmateu-al
)a-tory
%ilter and
remo'e -olor+
odor+ and .ad
taste
2
5e'erage and
al-ohol
?emo'e -olor
and odor
3
Petroleum
-hemistry
?e)ining o) ra!
material+
intermediating
su.stan-e
G /ater -leaning
%ilter odor+
-olors+ $ollutant+
and as $rote-tor
o) resing in
re)ining !ater
B Shrim$ -ulti'ation
Puri)i-ation and
remo'e odor and
-olors
J
7leaning o) !aste
!ater
Setting and
-leaning !aste
!ater and
$ollutant+ -olor+
odor+ and hea'y
metal
B
7 ?eused dyes
/ithdra!al o) a
'ariety o)
sol'ents+ residual
methanol+ ethyl+
et-(
1Sour-es H anonim+ 20093
Activated carbon making process
7hra-oal $ro-ess+ this $ro-ess is the
)ormation o) -har-oal ra! materials( ,n
general+ $er)e-t -ar.onation is heating ra!
materials in the a.sen-e o) air+ to a
tem$erature high enough to dry and
e'a$orate in -ar.on -om$ounds( "he results
o.tained are usually less a-ti'e and ha'e a
sur)a-e area o) only a )e! s:uare meters
$ergram(
A-it'ation $ro-ess is the -on'ersion o)
the lo! a.sor$ti'e -a$a-ity o) -ar.on into
-ar.on that has a high a.sor$ti'e -a$a-ity(
"o in-rease the sur)a-e area and o.tain
$orous -ar.on+ a-ti'ated -ar.on using hot
steam+ -ar.on dio<ide gas !ith tem$erature
.et!een 700 2 1100 7+ or addition o)
mineral materials as a-ti'ator( ,n addition+
a-ti'ation also ser'es to e<$el tar atta-hed to
the sur)a-e and $ores o) the -ar.on(
A-ti'ation raise internal !ide area+ resulting
in a large 'olume+ deri'ed )rom the small
-a$illaries+ and -hange in the sur)a-e $ore
stru-ture 1Mi).ahuddin 20103(
Biological Oxygen Deman BOD!
56D is a -hara-teristi- that sho!ing the
amount o) dissol'ed o-ygen needed .y
mi-roorganism to de-om$osing organi-
matter in aero.i- -ondition 1&maly dan
7u'in+ 1999K Met-al) F 8ddy+ 19913(
5ased on South Sula!esi @o'ernor
De-ree Dum.er 1G 4ear 2003 Luality
Standard 56D 'alue gi'en )or the detergent
industry !aste!ater !as 7B mg I l
"hemical Oxygen Demand "OD!
76D is the amount o) o<ygen re:uired
to o<idiAe organi- -om$ounds in !ater+ so
the 76D $arameter re)le-ts the amount o)
organi- -om$ounds that are -hemi-ally
o<idiAed( 76D test is used to -al-ulate the
le'els o) organi- matter that may o<idiAed
using strong o<idiAing -hemi-als in a-idi-
media 1Met-al) F 8ddy+ 19913(
5ased on South Sula!esi @o'ernor
De-ree Dum.er 1G 4ear 2003 Luality
Standard 76D 'alue gi'en )or the detergent
industry !aste!ater is 1J0 mg I l(
Total #uspended #olid
"SS is one o) the $arameters used to
measure !ater :uality( "SS measurements
.ased on the !eight o) Merin $arti-les
tra$$ed .y the )ilter+ usually !ith s$e-i)i-
$ore siAe( 7ommonly used )ilter has a $ore
siAe o) 0(GB lm 1Seandy #aut 5iru+ 20133(
"he -ontent o) "SS has a -lose
relationshi$ !ith !ater trans$aren-y( "he
$resen-e o) sus$ended solids !ill $re'ent
light $enetration into the !ater( "he
$resen-e o) sus$ended solids -an still ha'e a
$ositi'e im$a-t i) it does not e<-eed the
toleran-e distri.ution sus$ense !ater :uality
standards set .y the Ministry o)
8n'ironment that is 70 mg I l 1Seandy #aut
5iru+ 20133(
5ased on South Sula!esi @o'ernor
De-ree Dum.er 1G 4ear 2003 Luality
Standard "SS Calue gi'en )or li:uid
industrial !aste detergent is J0mg I l((
$hosphate
Phos$hate is a $olyatomi- ion or radi-al
-onsisting o) one $hos$horus atom and )our
o<ygen( Phos$hate is the only mineral
$rodu-ts 1e<-luding !ater3 that has a -y-le+
the element $hos$horus in nature adsor.ed
.y li'ing things+ $hos$hate -om$ounds in
tissues hi)u$ .eings !ho ha'e died and then
a--umulates and de-om$oses in the sea
sedimented 1/arta$edia+ 20103(
"he $resen-e o) e<-ess $hos$hate in
!ater .odies -auses a $henomenon -alled
eutro$hi-ation( "o $re'ent su-h o--urren-es+
the !aste !ater to .e dis$osed o) must .e
$ro-essed )irst to redu-e the $hos$horus
-ontent u$ to a -ertain 'alue( ,n the
$ro-essing o) $hos$hate !aste ait -an
J
disisihaan !ith $hysi-o2-hemi-al $ro-esses
and .iologi-al( Se'eral studies aside to mae
inno'ations in the $hos$hate -om$ounds
ha'e .een -arried out 1Masdu:i+ A( 20003(
#aundry !astes -ontaining high
$hos$hate( $hos$hate is deri'ed )rom
Sodium "ri$oly Phos$hate 1S"PP3 !hi-h is
one o) the ingredients in detergents( S"PP
has a )un-tion as a .uilder !hi-h is the
se-ond most im$ortant element a)ter
sur)a-tant .e-ause o) its a.ility to eliminate
the hardness minerals in the !ater so that the
detergent -an !or !ith o$timal( 8<-essi'e
P6G in the !ater .ody !ill result in
eutro$hi-ation( 8utro$hi-ation is the
en'ironmental $ro.lems that result in
damage to the a:uati- e-osystem es$e-ially
in )resh !ater !here the $lants gro! 'ery
)ast -om$ared to normal gro!th 1Su.roto+
199J3(
5ased on South Sula!esi @o'ernor
De-ree Do( 1G o) 2003 "o$ Luality
Standard Phos$hate gi'en )or li:uid
industrial !aste detergent is 1 mg I l(
"his ty$e o) resear-h is to .e -arried
out e<$erimental resear-h+ !hi-h is )ollo!ed
.y the analysis o) sam$les in the la.oratory
to determine the a.ility o) domesti-
!aste!ater treatment !ith A-ti'ated 7ar.on
%ilter .iosand te-hnology to stage 56D+
76D+ "SS+ and Phos$hate in !aste!ater
e))luent laundry 15ung #aundry3(
/ith the study location 5ung #aundry+
Maassar ,s !here the sam$le .een taen(
"he !ater laundry lo-ated around .ung
street+ $erintis emerdeaan+ maassar
Ministry o) Health health $olyte-hni-
Maassar( ,s !here the iosand filter 4
activated carbon tool made(
#a.oratory Polyte-hni- Maassar
Health De$artment 8n'ironmental Health( ,s
!here the analysis o) !ater sam$les to
determine the 'alue o) 56D+ 76D+ "SS+
and Phos$hate(
Tools and materials
iosand filter 4 Activated carbon
#ength H 30 -m
/idth H 30 -m
Height H 100 -m
Media total height H 70 -m
Hoggin H 10 -m
%ine sand H 10 -m
gra'el H 30 -m
A-ti'ated -ar.on H 20 -m
%ree.oard H 30 -m
Media dimension H
%ine sand H 0+2B mm
1 N B0E $ass )ilter Do(200 3
Hoggin H 0+9B mm
1 O B0E $ass )ilter Do( 200 3
gra'el HJ mm
1 J mm P 1B mm 3
a-ti'ated -ar.on H 1mm
1Sour-es H 7ony Pus$itahati+ Studi
Miner*a iosand (ilter dalam Mengolah
#im.ah #aundry3(
7a8 7b8
7 # 8 78
-$a%e 2' Me-a "-)e sa) 7a89 0o%%-) 7b89
%ra1e+ 7#89 a) a#t-1ate #arbo) 78
?eser'oir that is used is a *erry-an !ith Q
20 liter -a$a-ity !ater reser'oir as a result
o) )iltration and *erry-ans !ith a -a$a-ity o)
Q 20 liters are used to $la-e ra! !ater to .e
treated(
,n image B is used in study res'oir
7
I$a%e 6' Reser1o-r
,m$lementation o) this study -onsisted
o) three $hases( "hese stages are as )ollo!sH
%irst is media $re$aration+ Media that
has .een si)ted a--ording to the diameter o)
the grain+ then !ashed( "he goal is to !ash
the dirt -ontained in the )iltration media
disa$$ear( A)ter that the media dried using
an o'en at 10B 7 to .e sterile media(
"he se-ond stage is iosand filter 4
activated carbon $re$aration( 5S27A unit is
re-tangular unit made o) glass 0(J mm( glass
used in the manu)a-ture o) this unit aims to
.io)ilm )ormation and )iltration $ro-ess -an
.e seen 'isually( 5e)ore the )iltration the
media is inserted into the unit+ the unit in the
ready to use( 6n-e the unit is ready+ then the
)ilter is inserted into ea-h o) 5S% units+
!here ea-h unit has a di))erent media height(
"he third stage is "ool 7ali.ration
5e)ore .eing )illed !ith laundry !aste!ater+
5S27A unit is )irst ne-essary to su$$ort the
-ali.ration o) the system to .e used )or
se!age treatment( "he -ali.ration $hase
.egins !ith determining the )lo! rate to .e
used )or !aste !ater .y o$ening the ta$ on
s$e-i)i- o$enings and store !ater out$ut in a
measuring -u$ until the desired )lo! rate is
o.tained( 6n-e the )lo! rate is o.tained+ the
!ater !ill )lo! a--ording to usual $ro-edure
)or a one2day trial( determination o) the )lo!
rate -ontained in image J .elo!(
-$a%e :' Too+ #a+-brat-o)
"he last stage is Sam$le "esting I
#a.oratorium analysis( ?a! !ater that used
as the o.*e-t o) study is taen )rom the rest
o) the laundry !aste and tested in la.oratory
Polyte-hni- Maassar Health De$artment o)
8n'ironmental Health to determine the
-ontent o) ea-h -on-entration o) 56D+
76D+ "SS+ and $hos$hates -ontained in the
!aste !ater -ontained in !ater use the !aste
using methods as sho!n in "a.le J And -an
.e .e seen in image 7+ the di))eren-e
.et!een .e)ore and a)ter the treatment o)
!aste(
I$a%e ;' I)+et a) O(t+et o" waste
Tab+e :' a)a+ys-s 5ara$eter $et0o
Do Parameter method
1 56D /inler
2 76D s$e-tro$hotometri
3 "SS $hotometri
G %os)at s$e-tro$hotometri
Operating procedures Biosand Filter
Activated carbon
%or the )irst !aste!ater )rom industrial
laundry $oured into the reser'oir !ith a
'olume o) 20 liters Q that is lo-ated higher
than the rea-tor(
"he se-ond stage !aste )rom the
reser'oir )lo!s into the rea-tor using a hose(
"he height o) the !aste in the rea-tor is
maintained Q B -m a.o'e the to$ o) the the
media(
"he third is outlet 2 ta$s on the rea-tor
!as o$ened slo!ly to allo! air to e<it and
!astes -an )ill ea-h layer the media( /hen
the !aste has .een )illing the the media
layer made arrangements )au-et o$enings
outlet 2(
%ourth ste$+ !hen the rea-tor o$erates+
sam$les !ere taen to measure the -ontent
o) 56D+ 76D+ "SS+ and Phos$hate(
"he last+ tests -ondu-ted at the outlet
on-e e'ery 2 days )or 1 !ee and three
times a day so the total resear-h trial is 19
days(
9
5elo! in image 9 are set-hes o)
biosand filter activated carbon
I$a%e <' Sket#0 o" Biosand Filter
Activated carbon
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Water waste before treatment
,n this study+ !e used 5iosand %ilter
7ar.on A-ti'e rea-tor to de-rease the
-on-entration o) $hos$hate )rom laundry
!aste+ !here the !aste -ome )rom a laundry
ser'i-e R5ung laundry>+ lo-ated at 5ung St(+
Perintis emerdeaan m J+ Maassar( "he
result o) domesti- !aste .e)ore $ro-essing
sho!ed in ta.le 7(

Tab+e ;' *aste water be"ore treat$e)t
5$ource 6 7asil analisis 8ab. 0oltekkes
Makassar, %1&'9
7on-entration o) 56D 1 , S 12B mgIl+ ,, S
27B mgIl+ dan ,,, S 300 mgIl3 dete-ted a.o'e
the standard !ritten in the go'ernor o) south
sula!esi de-ree no( 1G yr( 2003(
7on-entration o) 76D+ "SS+ and $hos$hate
that dete-ted also a.o'e the standard :uality+
-on-entration o) 76D 1 , S G30 mgIl+ ,, S
3JG mgIl+ dan ,,, S 2B7 mgIl and standard
:uality o) 1J0 mgIl3+ -on-entration o) "SS
1 , S 2J9 mgIl+ ,, S 31B mgIl+ dan ,,, S 3GJ
mgIl and standard :uality o) J0 mgIl3+ and
-on-entration o) P6G or $hos$hate1 , S
30+3B mgIl+ ,, S 10+9 mgIl+ dan ,,, S 0+19
mgIl and standard :uality o) 1 mgIl3( high
-on-entration o) 56D is an indi-ation that
organi- su.stan-e has $ollute the
en'ironment(
Pro-essing the !ater !aste .egin !ith
mi-roorganism gro!th $eriod )or 12 days(
A)ter .io)ilm gro!+ the $ro-essing then start
in 12
th
day .y $ouring the !ater !aste
-ontinuously )or J days and do it o'er again
)or same $eriod o) time until three times
e<$eriment(
%ilter o$eration -ontinue )or J days !ith
-ontinuous )lo! o) !ater( %lo! rate is set on
'al'e o$ening .y ee$ing the )iltration rate
at 0+1GG mTIhr( -al-ulation -an .e seen in the
e:uation .elo! 1e:uation 13 H

(1)
/hereH
= Discharge (m/hr)
= filtration rate (m/s)
= filter surface (m)
%iltration rate -al-ulation is o.tained as
)ollo!sH
S 1GG lIday S J lIhr 0+00J mTIhr
S 0+09 mU
So H
Para$eter E=5er-$e)t ()-t res(+t
Sat)ar
3(a+-ty
%o1er)or
e#ree No'&2
yr' .>>/
56D
,
mgIl
12B
7B
,, 27B
,,, 300
76D
,
mgIl
G30
1J0 ,, 3JG
,,, 2B7
"SS
,
mgIl
2J9
J0 ,, 31B
,,, 3GJ
P6G
,
mgIl
30+3B
1
,, 10+9
,,, 0+19
9
Dis-harge -an .e no!n .y measuring the
'olume !ater o) outlet in a measuring -u$
$er time unit 1minute3(
$rocessing result
5elo! are the results o) o.ser'ations
and la.oratory analysis o) 56D+ 76D+ "SS+
and Phos$hateH
Biological Oxygen DemandBOD!
Anality-al result o) 56D0s
-on-entration in laundry !ater !aste and
a)ter the $ro-essing also the e))e-ti'ity o)
eliminating 56D as sho!ed in ta.le 9(
Tab+e <' E""e#t-1-ty o" BOD?s
e+-$-)at-o)
5source 6 7asil analisis 8ab. 0oltekkes
Makassar, %1&'9
?esult analysis sho!s that the 56D
/aste #aundry .e)ore $ro-essing e<-eeds
:uality standards esta.lished and a)ter the
56D 'alues $ro-essing meets the
re:uirements )or !hi-h industrial use o)
detergent( "he lo!est 'alue o) G2 mg I l on
dayJ(
#aundry !aste!ater 56D -on-entration
o'erall de-reased uni)ormly )rom 79(00 mg I
l on day 2 to GJ mg I l on day J as !ell as on
$ero.aan to ,, and ,,, de-reased regularly(
"hemical Oxygen Demand "OD!
Analyti-al result o) the 76D0s
-on-entration in laundry !ater !aste and
a)ter the $ro-essing the e))e-ti'ity o)
eliminating 76D as sho!ed in ta.le 9
tab+e @' COD?s e""e#t-1-ty e+-$-)at-o)
5source 6 analysis result. 8ab. 0oltekkes
Makassar, %1&'9
?esult analysis sho!s that 76D
#aundry /aste .e)ore $ro-essing e<-eeds
:uality standards esta.lished and 76D
'alues a)ter $ro-essing has met the
re:uirements )or the industrial use o)
detergent( "he lo!est 'alue o) 29 mg I l on
day J(
#aundry !aste!ater 76D -on-entration
as a !hole has de-reased regularly )rom 11J
mg I l on day 2 to 29 mg I l on day J as !ell
as in e<$eriments ,, and ,,, there is a regular
de-rease(
%& Total #uspended #olid
Analyti-al result o) "SS0 -on-entration in
laundry !ater !aste and a)ter the $ro-essing
also the e))e-ti'ity in eliminating "SS as
sho!ed in ta.le 10(
?esult analysis sho!s that "SS /aste
#aundry .e)ore $ro-essing e<-eeds :uality
standards esta.lished and a)ter the
$ro-essing o) "SS has met the re:uirements
)or the industrial use o) detergent( "he
lo!est 'alue o) 20 mg I l on day J(
#aundry !aste!ater "SS -on-entration
o'erall de-reased uni)ormly )rom J7 mg I l
on day 2 to 20 mg I l on day J as !ell as on
$ero.aan to ,, and ,,, de-reased regularly
Tab+e &>' TSS? e+-$-)at-o) e""e#t-1-ty
No
O5erat-
)% t-$e
7ay8
BOD
be"ore
7$%A+8
BOD
a"ter
7$%A+8
e""e#t-1-
ty 7B8
4(a+-ty
sta)ar
7$%A+8
1
0 12B 2 7B
2 12B 79 3J(90 7B
G 12B J2 B0(G0 7B
J 12B GJ J3(20 7B
2
0 27B 2 7B
2 27B 132 B2(00 7B
G 27B J9 7G(91 7B
J 27B 3B 97(27 7B
3
0 300 2 7B
2 300 JG 79(J7 7B
G 300 B0 93(33 7B
J 300 G2 9J(00 7B
No
O5erat-)%
t-$e 7ay8
COD
be"ore
7$%A+8
COD
a"ter
7$%A+8

7B8
Sat)ar
3(a+-ty
7$%A+8
I
> 2/> , &:>
. 2/> &&: ;/'>. &:>
2 2/> 2/ @>'>> &:>
: 2/> .@ @/'.: &:>
II
> /:2 , &:>
. /:2 &>/ ;&';> &:>
2 /:2 2: <;'/: &:>
: /:2 /; <@'<2 &:>
III
> .6; , &:>
. .6; &<: .;':/ &:>
2 .6; @< :&'<; &:>
: .6; :: ;2'/. &:>
No O5erat-)%
t-$e 7ay8
PO2
be"ore
7$%A+8 PO2
a"ter
7$%A+8

7B8
Sta)ar
3(a+-ty
7$%A+8
I > />'/6 , &
. />'/6 .&'/< .@'6: &
2 />'/6 >'.< @@'>< &
: />'/6 >'&& @@':2 &
II
> &>'@ , &
. &>'@ 6'</ 2:'6& &
2 &>'@ >'2@ @6'6> &
: &>'@ >'.& @<'>; &
III
> >'&@ , &
. >'&@ .'<: ,&'2& &
2 >'&@ >'>; :/'&: &
: >'&@ >'>. <@'2; &
10
5$ource 6 Analysis result of 8ab. 0oltekkes
Makassar, %1&'9
'& $hosphate
Analyti-al result o) $hos$hate0s
-on-entration in laundry !ater !aste and
a)ter the $ro-essing also the e))e-ti'ity in
eliminating $hos$hate as sho!ed in ta.le 11(
Tab+e &&' PO2?s e+-$-)at-o) e""e#t-1-ty
5$ource 6 Analysis result of 8ab.
0oltekkes Makassar, %1&'9
?esult analysis sho!s that P6G laundry
!aste .e)ore $ro-essing e<-eeds :uality
standards esta.lished and a)ter $ro-essing
P6G 'alue has met the re:uirements )or the
industrial use o) detergent( #o!est 'alue o)
0H02 mg I l on day J in the e<$eriment to ,,,(
#aundry !aste!ater P6G
-on-entrations de-reased regularly on trial
)or , and ,,+ .ut on day 2 in e<$eriment ,,, to
this in-reased -on-entration o) saturated due
to the unit .iosand a-ti'ated -har-oal )ilter(
A)ter e<$erien-ing rea-ti'ation P6G
-on-entrations de-reased .a- regularly(
And a de-rease on day J ,,, trials to .e more
e))e-ti'e than the trial , and ,,(
Discussion
Biological Oxygen DemandBOD!
study result sho!ed that .y using
.iosand )ilter -ar.on a-ti'e te-hnology
!eith )lo! rate J lIhr and using -ontinuous
)lo!+ !ater !aste0s 56D le'el -an .e
de-reased( "he le'el o) the 56D .e)ore the
$ro-ess )lu-tuated to around 300 mgIl -an .e
de-reased to G2 mgIl in day si<th(
Pro-essing !ith e))e-ti'ity a.out 9JE+ this
mean that the 5S% e))e-ti'ity until day
eighteenth is )la!less( ,) its to .e asso-iated
!ith satndard :uality in go'ernor de-ree
no(1G yr( 2013 !hi-h is 7B mgIl+ then the
result starting in day )ourth already )ul)ill
the -riteria( "he elimination e))e-ti'ity ee$
on in-reasing to day si<th( Look in image
9 below
I$a%e @' BOD?s #o)#e)trat-o) re(#t-o)
e""e#t-1e)ess
"hemical Oxygen Demand "OD!
7hemi-al 6<ygen Demand is amount o)
o<ygen needed .y o<ydator to o<ydating
materialIsu.stan-e organi- and anorgani- in
one liter o) !ater !aste( 76D0s .anyanya
osigen yang di.utuhan osidator untu
mengosidasi .ahanIAat organi- dan
anorgani dalam satu liter air lim.ah(
76D0s -on-entration usually t!o times
.igger thatn 56D0s+ .e-ause -hemi-al
-om$ound that -an .e o<ydated -emi-ally
.igger than .iologi-al o<idation( "he .igger
the amount o) 56D and 76D+ the higher the
le'el o) $ollution in a !ater 1Mani+ 20033(
Parameter o) 76D .ery im$ortant
.e-ause its an indi-ator o) !ater $ollution(
the !ater that $olluted .y domesti- !aste
generally ha'e high 'alue o) 76D( As seen
in sam$le !ith amount o) 76D 2B7 mgIl P
G30 mgIl .e)ore $ro-essing( ,t des-ri.e there
are many organi- material -ontained in the
!ater !aste(
8))e-ti'ity in elimination o) 76D
in-rease u$ to 93+2JE on day si<th at
e<$eriment ,,,( "he high 'alue o)
elimination sho!ing that the $ro-essing has
!oring $ro$erly and e))e-ti'ely until day
si<th o) the $ro-essing(
Analyti-al result in la.oratorium sho!
that 76D0s $arameter on day )ourth is G3
mgIl P 99 mgIl !hi-h )ul)ill the -riteria o)
standard :uality demanded in go'ernor0s
de-ree Do(1G yr( 2003 !hi-h is 1J0 mgIl(
e))e-ti'ity 7G+32E to 93+2JE met in day
si<th( "his mean that the $ro-essing !oring
No
O5erat-)
% t-$e
7ay8
TSS
be"ore7$
%A+8
TSS a"ter
7$%A+8

7B8
Sat)ar
3(a+-ty
7$%A+8
I
>
.:@ , :>
. .:@ :; ;6'>@ :>
2 .:@ 6/ <>'/> :>
: .:@ .> @.'6; :>
II
> /&6 , :>
. /&6 &@6 /<'&> :>
2 /&6 6& </'<& :>
: /&6 2. <:':; :>
III
> /2: , :>
. /2: &<> 2;'@< :>
2 /2: 2; <:'2. :>
: /2: /. @>';6 :>

11
)la!lessly and e))e-ti'e( as seen in image 10
.elo!H
I$a%e &>' COD?s #o)#e)trat-o) re(#t-o)
e""e#t-1e)ess
Total #uspended #olid
amount o) "SS in sam$le .e)ore
$ro-essing is 190 mgIl P 31B mgIl+ !hi-h
des-ri.e there is many sedimentation 1mud3
and organi- material that -ontained in the
!ater !aste(
"he analyti-al result in la.oratorium
sho!ing that the "SS0 $arameter on day
)ourth is G7 mgIl P B3 mgIl+ this 'alue has
met the demand in standard :uality in
go'ernor0s de-ree Do(1G yr( 2003 1image
G(23 !hi-h is J0 mgIl( this sho!ing that the
$ro-essing again has !or an e))e-ti'e and
)la!less !or !hi-h is due to the $ro-essing
has .een e:ui$$ed !ith early sedimentation
hen-e :ui-en the de-rease o) sus$ended
solid(
"he e))e-ti'ity o) "SS elimination
in-rease u$ to 92+B7E on the day si<th( "his
high -on-entration o) elimination sho! that
the $ro-ess !ors )inely until day si<th
#a.oratory analysis results indi-ate
that the $arameters "SS day G !as G7 mg I l
2 B3 mg I l+ this 'alue meets :uality
standards Me$( @u. 1G ,n 2003 1%igure G(23
is J0 mg I l( "his suggests that the $er)e-t
and e))e-ti'e )or treatment -omes !ith an
initial de$osition o) sus$ended solids and
there)ore a--elerate de-lines(
8))e-ti'eness o) "SS allo!an-e
in-reased to 92(B7E on day J $ro-essing(
Pro'ision o) high -on-entration sho!ed that
the treatment has .een running !ell until
day J(
as seen in image 11 .elo!H
I$a%e &&' TSS? #o)#e)trat-o) re(#t-o)
e""e#t-1e)ess
$hosphate
#aundry !ater !aste -ontained
-hemi-al material !ith high -on-entration+
one o) them is $hos$hate( "his is due to
$hos$hate is the $rimary material in the
maing o) detergent 1?osaria!arim 20103(
.e)ore the sam$le undergoing the
$ro-ess the le'el o) P6G rea-h out until 0(19
mgIl P 30+3B mgIl + this des-ri.e ho!
-orru$ted the !ater .e-ause o) the laundry
!ater !aste( "he in-reasing o) -on-entration
also -ausing eutro)i-ation+ !hi-h is
enri-hment o) !ater !ith nutrients in the
)orm o) organi- materials needed .y $lants
18))endi+ 20033(
Analyti-al result in la.oratorium sho!
that the $arameter o) P6G on day )ourth is
0+07 mgIl P 0+G9 mgIl+ !hi-h )ul)ill the
demand in go'ernor0s de-ree Do(1G yr( 2003
!hi-h is 1 mgIl( this sho!ing that the
$ro-essing has did an e))e-ti'e and )la!less
!or !hi-h is due to the $ro-essing has
.een e:ui$$ed !ith early sedimentation
hen-e :ui-en the de-rease o) $hos$hate(
"he e))e-ti'ity in "SS0 elimination
in-rease u$ to 92+B7E on day se-ond( "he
high elimination -on-entration sho!ing that
the $ro-essing !ored )inely until day
se-ond( (
Phos$hate0s elimination e))e-ti'ity
in-rease u$ to 99+JGE on day si<th( "he
high le'el o) the elimination -on-entration
meaning that the $ro-ess has !or
)la!lessly until day si<th(
as seen in image 11 .elo!H



12
I$a%e &.' PO2?s #o)#e)trat-o) re(#t-o)
e""e#t-1e)ess
Co)#+(ss-o)
5ased on the results o) resear-h and
dis-ussion+ it -an .e dra!n a )e!
-on-lusions .ased on the resear-h o.*e-ti'es
are as )ollo!s H
a( 5ased on the resear-h+ A-ti'ated -ar.on
)ilter unit .iosand e))e-ti'e in lo!ering
the -on-entration o) 56D+ 76D+ "SS+
and thus Phos$hate !aste into
en'ironmentally )riendly laundry(
.( #aundry /aste!ater "reatment !ith
A-ti'ated 7ar.on %ilter "e-hnology
.iosand a )lo! rate o) J l I h and a
-ontinuous )lo! o) e))e-ti'e use o) the
allo!an-e )or 56D+ 76D+ "SS+ and
$hos$hate and -an im$ro'e the :uality
o) !aste!ater H
13( 56D !aste !ater -an .e deri'ed
)rom the 12B mg I l 2 300 mg I l to
G2 mg I l 2 GJ mg I l( And
e))e-ti'eness o) 56D allo!an-e
has in-reased to 97(27E Ma<imum
8))e-ti'eness
23( Parameter 76D de-reased )rom
2B7 mg I l 2 G30 mg I l to 29 mg I l
2 JJ mg I l to 93(2JE 8))e-ti'eness(
33( Parameters o) total sus$ended
solids 1"SS3 during $ro-essing
de-reased )rom $re2treatment
'alues 2J9 mg I l 2 3GJ mg I l to 20
mg I l 2 G2 mg I l !ith the highest
allo!an-e "he e))e-ti'eness !ith
'alue 92(B7E(
G3( Parameters P6G -on-entrations
e<$erien-ed dro$ in regularly on
the )irst and se-ond trial on the
'alue o) 30(3B mg I l to 0(11 mg I l
and 10(9 mg I l to 0(21 mg I l( 5ut
in the third trial o) a-ti'ated
-har-oal to .urn out until P6G
-on-entrations initially in-reased to
0(19 mg I l and 2 men*di on the day
to 2(9JE( A)ter ha'ing re2
a-ti'ation .a- P6G -on-entrations
de-reased regularly in day G 0(07
mg I l and J days to 0(02 mg I l
!ith highest e))e-ti'eness 99(JGE(
B3( /ith the a.ility .iosand A-ti'ated
-ar.on )ilter is in redu-ing
eter-emaran and -an $re'ent the
negati'e im$a-t -aused .y !aste
!ater e))luent residual laundry
$ro-ess(
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ahmad J(+ dan 8l2Dessouy H( 2009( Design
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System )or "he ?e-y-ling and ?euse
o) #aundry /aste /ater(
Huisman+ #(+ 200G+ Slo! Sand %ilter 2nd
8dition+ Del)t &ni'ersity o)
"e-hnology+
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&D"&M ,DD&S"?, SA5&D
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P?6D&M M,D4AM DA5A",(
@u.ernur Sula!esi Selatan+ Maassar
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P8D@8#6#AAD+ P8D@8DDA#,AD
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S8?"A 5AM& ",D@MA"
@AD@@&AD M8@,A"AD 4AD@
58?6P8?AS, D, P?6P,DS,
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M8P&"&SAD M8D"8?, D8@A?A
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M8P2 B1IM8D#HI10I199B(199B(
5AM& M&"& #,M5AH 7A,? 5A@,
M8@,A"AD ,DD&S"?,( Menteri
#ingungan Hidu$+ Jaarta
4unita+ A)ri+ 2011( RPengaruh Madar
Deter*en Dalam Air "erhada$ @era
6$erulum ,an>
13