Title of the article : .

First authors : .
Journal : .
A. VALIDITY: Are the results of this single preventive or therapeutic trial valid?
Was the assignment of patients to treatments
randomised?
and was the randomisation list concealed?
Were all patients who entered the trial accounted for at
its conclusion?
and were they analysed in the groups to which
they were randomised?
Were patients and clinicians kept blind
to which treatment was being received?
Aside from the experimental treatment,
were the groups treated equally?
Were the groups similar at the start of the trial?
B. IMPORTANCE
Sa!le calculations:
"#$ Confi%ence Inter&al 'CI( on an NNT ) * + 'liits on the CI of its ARR( )

,our calculations:
Relative Risk
Reduction (RRR)
Absolute Risk
Reduction (ARR)
Number Needed to
Treat (NNT)
CER EER CER - EER
CER
CER - EER 1/ARR
Occurrence of diabetic
neuroat!"
Relative Risk
Reduction
RRR
Absolute Risk
Reduction
ARR
Number Needed
to Treat
NNT
#sual $nsulin
Control Event
Rate
CER
$ntensive
$nsulin
E%erimental
Event Rate
EER
CER - EER
CER
CER - EER 1/ARR
&'() *'+) &'() - *'+) ,
-1)
&'()
&'() - *'+) ,
('+)
(.'/) to &'/))
1/('+) , 10
ts1
(11 to */)
THERAPY WORKSHEET (page 1 of
THERAPY WORKSHEET (page 2 of
C. APP-ICABI-IT,: Can .ou a!!l. this &ali%/ i!ortant e&i%ence a0out a
treatent in carin1 for .our !atient2
1. Do these results apply to your patient?
$s "our atient so different from
t!ose in t!e trial t!at its results can2t
!el "ou3
4o5 6reat 5ould t!e otential benefit
of t!era" actuall" be for "our
individual atient3
7et!od $: f f , Risk of t!e outcome in "our atient1
relative to atients in t!e trial' e%ressed as a
decimal , 888'
NNT for atients like "ours , NNT/f , 8'''/
8 , 888
7et!od $$: * + 'PEER 3 RRR( PEER , 9our atient2s e%ected event rate if
t!e" received t!e control treatment , 88''
(NNT for atients like "ours) ,
1 / (:EER % RRR) , 1/ 8888', 888
2. Are your patients values and preferences satisfied by the regimen and its
consequences?
;o "our atient and "ou !ave a clear
assessment of t!eir values and
references3
Are t!e" met b" t!is re6imen and its
conse<uences3
A%%itional Notes:
Are the results of this s.steatic re&ie4 of thera!. &ali%2
$s it a s"stematic revie5 of randomised trials
of t!e treatment "ou2re interested in3
;oes it include a met!ods section t!at
describes:
findin6 and includin6 all t!e relevant
trials3
assessin6 t!eir individual validit"3
=ere t!e results consistent from stud" to
stud"3
Are the &ali% results of this s.steatic re&ie4 i!ortant2
Translatin6 odds ratios to NNTs' T!e numbers in t!e bod" of t!e table are t!e NNTs for t!e
corresondin6 odds ratios at t!at articular atient2s e%ected event rate (:EER)'
Odds Ratios (OR)
>'& >'+0 >'+ >'-0 >'- >'(0 >'( >'00 >'0
'>0 *>&
1
1/& 1>. +/ (& 0& 0* .( .1
*
'1> 11> -/ 0. ./ /( /1 *- *. *1
Control '*> (1 .> /> *. *> 1- 1. 1/ 11
Event '/> .( /> ** 1+ 1. 1* 1> & +
Rate '.> .> *( 1& 10 1* 1> & + -
(CER) '0>
/
/+ *0 1+ 1. 11 & + - (
'-> .. *+ *> 1( 1/ 1> & - (
'&> 1>1
.
(. .( /. *- ** 1+ 10 1*
0
1
T!e relative risk reduction (RRR) !ere is 1>)'
*
T!e RRR !ere is .&)
/
?or an" OR1 NNT is lo5est 5!en :EER , '0>
.
T!e RRR !ere is 1)
0
T!e RRR !ere is &)
S,STEMATIC RE5IE6 6OR7S8EET '!a1e * of 9(
S,STEMATIC RE5IE6 6OR7S8EET '!a1e 9 of 9(
Shoul% .ou 0elie&e a!!arent :ualitati&e %ifferences in the efficac. of thera!. in soe
su01rou!s of !atients2 Onl. if .ou can sa. ;.es< to all of the follo4in1:
1' ;o t!e" reall" make biolo6ic and clinical sense3
*' $s t!e <ualitative difference bot! clinicall" (beneficial for some but useless or !armful for
ot!ers) and statisticall" si6nificant3
/' =as t!is difference !"ot!esised before t!e stud" be6an (rat!er t!an t!e roduct of
dred6in6 t!e data)1 and !as it been confirmed in ot!er1 indeendent studies3
.' =as t!is one of @ust a fe5 sub6rou anal"ses carried out in t!is stud"3
A%%itional Notes:
Can .ou a!!l. this &ali%/ i!ortant e&i%ence fro a s.steatic re&ie4 in carin1 for
.our !atient2
;o t!ese results al" to "our atient3
$s "our atient so different from
t!ose in t!e overvie5 t!at its results
can2t !el "ou3
4o5 6reat 5ould t!e otential benefit
of t!era" actuall" be for "our
individual atient3
7et!od $: $n t!e table on a6e 11 find
t!e intersection of t!e closest odds
ratio from t!e overvie5 and t!e CER
t!at is closest to "our atient2s
e%ected event rate if t!e" received
t!e control treatment (:EER):
7et!od $$: To calculate t!e NNT for
an" OR and :EER:
AAA1 - B:EER % (1 -
OR)CAAAA
NNT , (1 - :EER) % :EER % (1 -
OR)
Are "our atient2s values and references satisfied b" t!e re6imen and its
conse<uences3
;o "our atient and "ou !ave a clear
assessment of t!eir values and
references3
Are t!e" met b" t!is re6imen and its
conse<uences3

Are the results of this %ia1nostic stu%. &ali%2
1' =as t!ere an indeendent1 blind
comarison 5it! a reference (D6oldE)
standard of dia6nosis3
*' =as t!e dia6nostic test evaluated in an
aroriate sectrum of atients (like
t!ose in 5!om it 5ould be used in
ractice)3
/' =as t!e reference standard alied
re6ardless of t!e dia6nostic test result3
Are the &ali% results of this %ia1nostic stu%. i!ortant2
FA7:GE CAGC#GAT$ONF:
Tar6et ;isorder
(iron deficienc" anaemia)
Totals
:resent Absent
;ia6nostic
Test Result
:ositive
(H(0 mmol/G)
-/1
a
b *-> aIb
1>>1
(serum ferritin) Ne6ative
(J(0 mmol/G)
-+
c
d 10>> cId
10-+
Totals +>&
aIc
bId 1--> aIbIcId
*0-&
Fensitivit" , a/(aIc) , -/1/+>& , &>) Fecificit" , d/(bId) , 10>>/1--> ,
+0)
Gikeli!ood Ratio for a ositive test result , GRI,sens/(1-sec),&>)/10),(
Gikeli!ood Ratio for a ne6ative test result,GR-,(1-sens)/sec,1>)/+0),>'1*
:ositive :redictive Kalue , a/(aIb) , -/1/1>>1 , -/)
Ne6ative :redictive Kalue , d/(cId) , 10>>/10-+ , &0)
:re-test :robabilit" (revalence) , (aIc)/(aIbIcId) , +>&/*0-& , /*)
:re-test-odds , revalence/(1-revalence) , /1)/(&) , >'.0
:ost-test odds , :re-test odds % Gikeli!ood Ratio
:ost-test :robabilit" , :ost-test odds/(:ost-test odds I 1)
9O#R CAGC#GAT$ONF:
Tar6et ;isorder Totals
:resent Absent
;ia6nostic
Test Result
:ositive a b aIb
Ne6ative c d cId
Totals aIc bId 1--> aIbIcId
Fensitivit" , a/(aIc) , Fecificit" , d/(bId) ,
Gikeli!ood Ratio for a ositive test result , GRI,sens/(1-sec),
Gikeli!ood Ratio for a ne6ative test result,GR-,(1-sens)/sec,
:ositive :redictive Kalue , a/(aIb) , Ne6ative :redictive Kalue , d/(cId) ,
:re-test :robabilit" (revalence) , (aIc)/(aIbIcId) ,
:re-test-odds , revalence/(1-revalence) ,
:ost-test odds , :re-test odds % Gikeli!ood Ratio ,
:ost-test :robabilit" , :ost-test odds/(:ost-test odds I 1) ,
DIAGNOSIS WORKSHEET (page 1
Can .ou a!!l. this &ali%/ i!ortant e&i%ence a0out a %ia1nostic test in carin1 for .our
!atient2
$s t!e dia6nostic test available1 affordable1
accurate1 and recise in "our settin63
Can "ou 6enerate a clinicall" sensible
estimate of "our atient2s re-test robabilit"
(from ractice data1 from ersonal
e%erience1 from t!e reort itself1 or from
clinical seculation)
=ill t!e resultin6 ost-test robabilities affect
"our mana6ement and !el "our atient3
(Could it move "ou across a test-treatment
t!res!old3L =ould "our atient be a 5illin6
artner in carr"in6 it out3)
=ould t!e conse<uences of t!e test !el
"our atient3
A%%itional Notes:
DIAGNOSIS WORKSHEET (page 2
Are the results of this !ro1nosis stu%. &ali%2
1' =as a defined1 reresentative samle of
atients assembled at a common (usuall"
earl") oint in t!e course of t!eir disease3
*' =as atient follo5-u sufficientl" lon6
and comlete3
/' =ere ob@ective outcome criteria alied
in a DblindE fas!ion3
.' $f sub6rous 5it! different ro6noses are
identified1 5as t!ere ad@ustment for
imortant ro6nostic factors3
0' =as t!ere validation in an indeendent
6rou (Dtest-setE) of atients3
PROGNOSIS WORKSHEET (page 1
PRO=NOSIS 6OR7S8EET: Pa1e 9 of 9
Are the &ali% results of this !ro1nosis stu%. i!ortant2
1' 4o5 likel" are t!e outcomes over time3
*' 4o5 recise are t!e ro6nostic
estimates3
If .ou 4ant to calculate a Confi%ence Inter&al aroun% the easure of Pro1nosis:
Clinical 7easure Ftandard Error (FE) T"ical calculation of C$
:roortion (as in t!e rate of
some ro6nostic event1 etc)
5!ere:
t!e number of atients , n
t!e roortion of t!ese atients
5!o e%erience t!e event ,
B % (1-) / nC
5!ere is roortion and n is
number of atients
$f , *./(> , >'. (or .>)) M
n,(>

FE,B>'. % (1->'.) / (>C , >'>(/
(or ('/))
&0) C$ is .>) I/- 1'&( % ('/) or
*-'() to 0*'.)
n from "our evidence: AAAAAAAA
from "our evidence: AAAAAAAA
B % (1-) / nC
5!ere is roortion and n is
number of atients
9our calculation:
FE: AAAAAAAAAAAA
&0) C$:
Can .ou a!!l. this &ali%/ i!ortant e&i%ence a0out !ro1nosis in carin1 for .our
!atient2
1' =ere t!e stud" atients similar to "our
o5n3
*' =ill t!is evidence make a clinicall"
imortant imact on "our conclusions
about 5!at to offer or tell "our atient3
A%%itional Notes:
PROGNOSIS WORKSHEET (page 2