Free E Book India 2011

Contents vii
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Content
ACRONYMS 1
1. LAND AND THE PEOPLE 13
Physical Regions 14
Mountain Ranges 14
Natural Vegetation 15
Agriculture 15
Himalayan Range 15
Indian Languages 22
Schedule Languages 22
Quick Facts 23
2. NATIONAL SYMBOLS 25
National Emblem 25
National Flag 25
National Anthem 26
National Song 27
National Calendar 27
National Flower 28
National Animal 28
National River 28
National Tree 29
NationalFruit 29
Preface v
viii INDIA 2012
National Bird 29
National Sports 29
Indian Standard Time (IST) 29
3. INDIAN POLITY 30
LIST OF THE MINISTRIES (Source: india 2011) 32
Central Government (Independent Departments) 35
Apex/Independent Office 35
Schedules of the Constitution 38
Important Amendments of the Constitution 39
Representation of States and Union Territories 41
Table of Precedence (Government of India) 42
Standing Committees of Parliament 43
Parliamentary Committees 48
4. AGRICULTURE 51
5. ART AND CULTURE 61
Sangeet Natak Akademi 61
Lalit Kala Akademi 62
Music and Dance 62
National School of Drama 62
Sahitya Akademi 63
Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, Kolkata 66
Anthropological Survey of India 66
Archaeological Survey of India 66
National Archives of India 67
National Mission for Manuscripts 67
National Museum 67
Institute of History of Art, Conservation and Museology 67
National Library 68
Central Secretariat Library 68
Centre for Cultural Resources and Training 68
Zonal Cultural Centres 68
National Gallery of Modern Art 69
Indira Gandhi National Centre for The Arts 69
National Mission on Monuments and Antiquities (NMMA) 69
Contents ix
National Research Laboratory for Conservation
of Cultural Property 70
Sectoral Rates of Growth 71
6. BASIC ECONOMIC DATA 71
7. C O M M E R C E 74
Autonomous bodies 76
Special Economic Zones 77
SEZs: Important Investments 78
Intellectual Property Rights 80
Patents 80
Industrial Designs 80
Trade Marks 81
Geographical Indications 81
Trade Secrets 81
Integrated Circuits 81
Copyright and Related Rights 81
Posts 82
8. COMMUNICATION 82
New Mail Paradigm 83
International Mails 83
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) 84
Postal Life Insurance 84
Technology Induction 84
Project Arrow and Launch of New Logo 84
The Post Office Savings Bank (OPSB) 85
Telecommunications 85
National Informatics Centre 88
International Long Distance Service 88
Infrastructure Provider Category-i (Ip-i) 88
Policy for Public Mobile Radio Trunk Service (PMRTS) 88
Global Mobile Personal Communication By Satellite (GMPCS) 89
Telecommunication Engineering Centre (TEC) 89
Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) 89
Wireless Planning and Coordination (WPC) Wing 89
Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) 89
Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) 89
x INDIA 2012
9. DEFENCE 93
Army 94
Navy 95
Recruitment In Indian Navy 95
Air Force 96
Commissioned Ranks 97
Coast Guard 97
National Cadet Corps (NCC) 98
Training for Defence Services 98
Defence Public Sector Undertakings 99
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) 100
Resettlement of Ex-servicemen 100
Re-employment of Ex-servicemen 101
Placement Through Dgr 101
Schemes for Self-employment 102
Entrepreneur Schemes 102
AWACS 102
Improtant Laboratories under the DRDO 103
10. EDUCATION 106
Elementary Education 109
Education Guarantee Scheme and Alternative and
Innovative Education 109
Mid-day Meal Scheme 109
Monitoring Mechanism 110
Periodic Returns 111
District Primary Education Programme 111
Mahila Samakhya Scheme 112
Teacher Education Scheme 112
CBSE 114
National Bal Bhavan 114
National Council for Teacher Education 114
Right to Education 115
Prarambhik Shiksha Kosh 115
National Literacy Mission 115
Evaluation 116
Education of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes 117
Quality Improvement In Schools 118
Contents xi
National Population Education Project 118
Environmental Orientation To School Education 119
Improvement of Science Education In Schools 119
Introduction of Yoga In Schools 119
International Science Olympiads 119
Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti 119
Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan 120
Integrated Education for Disabled Children 120
National Council of Educational Research and Training 120
Promotion of Languages 120
Strengthening of Culture and Values In Education 121
SanskritDivision 121
Scholarships 122
Educational Development In North Eastern Region 122
University Grants Commission 122
Autonomous Research Organisations 123
Indira Gandhi National Open University 123
Minority Education 123
Indian National Commission for Co-operation
With Unesco (INCCu) 124
Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan 124
Copyright 125
Education: A Chronology Chart 126
11. ENERGY 128
Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Bill, 2010 128
HighlightsoftheBill 129
Ntpc: Project Profile 133
National Biogas Programme 137
12. ENVIRONMENT 140
Key Environmental Legislation and other Provisions in India 141
Policies 141
Environmental Legislation 142
International Environmental Agreements to which India is a Signatory142
Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks In India 144
Conservationmangroves of coral reefs 145
TOP-3 Mangrove Area in Country 145
Coral Reefs 145
xii INDIA 2012
Biosphere Reserves (BR) 146
Biodiversity Conservation 146
Botanic Garden of the Indian Republic, Noida 147
Project Tiger 147
Pollucation 147
Wet Lands 149
13. FINANCE 154
Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) 157
Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana 158
Prime Ministers Rozgar Yojana (PMRY) 158
Indian Banks 158
International Monetary Fund 159
India and The International Monetary Fund (IMF) 159
Asian Development Bank 159
Foreign Investment Promotion Board 160
Foreign Direct Investment 160
Currently, Fdi Is Prohibited for The Following Sectors: 160
Investment Commission 160
Insurance Division 162
Life Insurance Corporation of India 162
Social Security Group Insurance Scheme 162
Janashree Bima Yojana 162
Krishi Shramik Samajik Suraksha Yojana 162
Shiksha Sahayog Yojana 163
General Insurance Corporation of India 163
Public Sector General Insurers Association of India 163
Agriculture Insurance Company of India Limited 163
Disinvestment 164
Capital Market Division 164
External Commercial Borrowings 164
Pension Reforms 165
National Institute of Financial Management 165
Staff Inspection Unit 165
Controller General of Accounts (CGA) 166
Central Sales Tax (CST) 167
State Level Value Added Tax (VAT) 167
Goods and Services Tax (GST) 167
Directorate of Enforcement 168
Economic Survey 201011 169
Contents xiii
(I) Economy: Present State and Prospects 169
(II) Macroeconimic Developments 169
(III) Fiscal Development and Public Finance 170
(iv) Prices and Monetary Control 170
(v) Financial Intermediation and Markets 171
(VI) Balance of Payments (BoP) Developments 171
(VII) Foreign Trade 172
(vIii) Agriculture and Food Control 172
(ix) Industry 172
(x) Services Sector 173
(xi) Energy, Infrastructure and Communications 173
(xii) Human Development, Equity and Environment 174
Union Budget 201112 175
Opportunities 175
Challenges 175
Overview of the Economy 175
Sustaining Growth 176
Investment Environment 176
Agriculture 178
Black Money 180
Strengthening Inclusion 181
Environment and Climate Change 182
Improving Governance 183
Budget Estimates 201112 184
Tax Proposals 184
Direct Taxes 184
Indirect Taxes 185
Service Tax 187
14. CORPORATE AFFAIRS 188
Growth of Corporate Sector 188
Development in Corporate sector 189
Major Programmes of The Ministry 190
15. FOOD AND CIVIL SUPPLIES 194
Wheat-based Nutrition Programme 198
Annapurna Scheme 198
Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana 198
Save Grain Campaign (SGC) 199
Indian Grain Storage Management and Research Institute (Igmri) 199
Grain Processing 200
xiv INDIA 2012
Aerated Soft Drink 200
Packaged Drinking Water 200
Alcoholic Beverages 200
National Test House 201
16. HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE 203
National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme 205
Malaria 205
Filaria 205
Dengue Fever/Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever 205
Chikungunya 206
Japanese Encephalitis (JE) 206
Kala-azar 206
Tuberculosis 206
National Leprosy Eradication Programme (Nlep) 207
National Programme for Control of Blindness 207
National Aids Control Programme (NACP) 212
National Cancer Control Programme 215
Health Ministers Cancer Patient Fund Under Ran 215
Prevention of Food Adulteration Programme 215
Medical Council of India 216
Central Health Education Bureau 216
Integrated Disease Surveillance Project-september 2009 217
Prohibition of Pre-conception and Pre-natal Sex Determination 217
Indian Nursing Council 218
Pulse Polio Immunization 218
Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana 218
National Commission on Populations (Ncp) 218
17 HOUSING 220
Indian Census Definition of Urban Area 220
18. INDIA AND THE WORLD 222
19. INDUSTRY 228
Industrial LicensingPolicy 229
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) 229
E-bizProject 230
Industrial Corridor Project 230
Contents xv
Investment Promotion & International Cooperation (IP&IC) 231
Light Industrial Machinery Sector 232
Cement Industry 232
Leather Industry 232
Rubber Goods Industry 233
Paper and Newsprint Industry 233
IndianTextiles 233
Technical Textiles 233
Jute and Jute Textiles Industry 234
The Sericulture and Silk Textiles Industry 234
The Wool and Woollen Textiles Industry 234
Handlooms 235
Handicrafts 235
Central Public Sector Enterprises 235
Automobile Industry 236
Automotive Mission Plan 20062016 236
Steel 237
Duty Exemption 237
Fertilizers 237
Co-operative Sector 238
Chemical Industry 238
Pharmaceutical Sector 238
Autonomous Institutions 239
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology 239
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research 240
Mineral 240
Mineral Resources in India 241
Geological Survey of India (GSI) 243
Public Sector and Disinvested Companies 243
Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) Sector 244
20. JUSTICE AND LAW 248
Jurisdiction and Seat of High Courts 249
Labour Reforms 253
The Minimum Wages Act, 1948 253
21. LABOUR 253
The Payment of Wages Act, 1936 254
The Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 254
Wage Boards 254
xvi INDIA 2012
Wage Boards for Working Journalists and Other
Newspaper Employees 254
Child Labour Policy 256
Women Labour 257
Bonded Labour 257
Unorganised Sector 258
Workers Education 258
Workers Safety 258
Safety In Mines 259
National Safety Council 259
Awards 259
Prime Ministers Shram Awards 259
The National Safety Award 259
Vishwakarma Rashtriya Puraskar 259
The Workmens Compensation Act, 1923 260
The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 260
The Employees State Insurance Act, 1948 260
The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 261
The Employees Provident Funds and Miscellaneous
Provisions Act, 1952 261
Employees Provident Fund Scheme, 1952 261
The Employees Pension Scheme, 1995 261
The Employees Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme, 1976 261
22. MASS COMMUNICATION 263
23. PLANNING 266
24. RURAL DEVELOPMENT 270
Rural housing 272
Rural Drinking Water Supply Programme 273
25. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 274
Uranium Deposit In India 277
Launch Vehicle Technology 284
26. TRANSPORT 286
Railways 287
Roads 288
Contents xvii
Some Illustrative PPP Projects 289
Shipping 291
CivilAviation 292
Some Major Developments in Civil Aviation Sector 292
Railway Budget 201112 296
PolicyInitiatives 296
Rail Based Industries 296
Expansion of Rail Infrastructure 297
Dignity to the Poor 297
Annual Plan 201112 297
Safety and Security 298
Green Initiatives 298
Passenger/Rail Users Amenities 298
Staff Welfare 299
Training and Recruitment 299
Sports 299
CulturalActivities 299
Financial Performance 201011 299
Budget Estimates 201112 300
Metropolitan Projects 300
Production Units 300
Concessions 300
Wagon Procurement 301
Dedicated Freight Corridors 301
New Lines/Gauge Conversion/Doubling 301
Rail Tourism 301
Suburban Services 301
Trains 302
Projects in 201112 302
27. WATER RESOURCES 303
International Cooperation 310
Central Organisations 311
Subordinate Organizations 312
Public Sector Undertakings 313
Other Organisations 313
28. Welfare 322
SPECIFIC CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS FOR SCHEDULED CASTES 323
National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) 325
Bharat Nirman 326
xviii INDIA 2012
Mid-day Meal Scheme 326
National Rural Health Mission 326
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mision (JNNURM) 326
Various WomenOriented Schemes of State Governments 328
Constitutional Provisions for Women andChild 328
Constitutional Provisionsfor Minorities 330
29. Youth Affairs and Sports 333
30. States and Union Territories 337
States 337
Andhra Pradesh 337
Arunachal Pradesh 338
Assam 338
Bihar 339
Chhattisgarh 339
G o a 340
Gujarat 340
Haryana 341
Himachal Pradesh 341
Jammu and Kashmir 342
Jharkhand 342
Karnataka 343
Kerala 343
Madhya Pradesh 344
Maharashtra 344
Manipur 345
Meghalaya 345
Mizoram 345
Nagaland 346
Odisha 346
Punjab 347
Rajasthan 347
Sikkim 347
Tamil Nadu 348
Tripura 348
Uttaranchal 349
Uttar Pradesh 349
West Bengal 349
UnionTerritories 350
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 350
Contents xix
Chandigarh 350
Dadra and Nagar Haveli 350
Daman and Diu 351
Delhi 351
Lakshadweep 351
Puducherry 351
31. GENERAL INFORMATION 352
Offices under Government of India 352
President of India 352
Vice-Presidents of India 353
Prime Ministers of India 353
Deputy Prime Ministers of India 354
Finance Ministers of India 354
Speakers of the Lok Sabha 355
Chief Justice of India 355
Chief Election Commissioners of India 356
Chairman of the UPSC 357
Comptroller and AuditorGenerals of India 358
AttorneyGenerals of India 358
Governors of Reserve Bank of India 359
Commanders-in-Chief 359
Chiefs of Naval Staff 360
Chiefsof AirStaff 361
CIVILIAN AWARDS 362
List of Recent International Years 362
Important Days 363
Important Rivers/Lakes of the World 366
32. WHOS WHO 369
A. Union Government 369
CABINET MINISTERS 369
MINISTERS OF STATE 370
(Independent Charge) 370
MINISTERS OF STATE 370
CHIEFS OF ARMED FORCES 371
HIGHEST POSITIONS 372
B. StaTE Government 375
HEAD OF IMPORTANT OFFICES 376
xx INDIA 2012
Defence 376
CONSTITUTIONAL posts 376
OFFICERS OF UNION GOVERNMENT 376
JUDICIARY 377
commissions 377
LAW ENFORCEMENT ORGANISATIONS 378
SCIENTIFIC ORGANISATIONS 378
Banking and COMMERCIAL ORGANISATIONS 379
BOARDS & COUNCILS 379
ARTS and FILMS 380
SPORTS ORGANISATIONS 380
OTHER ORGANISATIONS 381
33. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESIONS 382
Answers 401
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1
AABY Aam Admi Bima Yojana
ACA AddilionaI ConlraI
Assislanco
ACSS Anlonna ConlroI Sorvo
Syslom
ADS AccoIoralor Drivon Sysloms
ADSI Asynclronous DigilaI
Subscribors Ioop
AI AduIl Iducalion
AIRCs Agro Iconomic Rosoarcl
Conlros
AIRUs Agro Iconomic Rosoarcl
Unils
AGRI GDI Gross Domoslic Iroducl
from AgricuIluro
AGRI R&D AgricuIluraI Rosoarcl and
DovoIopmonl
AHWR Advancod Hoavy Walor
Roaclor
AIC AgricuIluro Insuranco
Company of India
AII AIlornalivo and Innovalivo
Iducalion
AIMMI Aroa Inlonsivo and
Madarsa Modornisalion
Irogrammo
AISIS AII India SclooI Iducalion
Survoy
AIICI A Iargo Ion CoIIidor
Ixporimonl
AISAT AIgorian SaloIIilo
AMIC Aulomalod MaiI procossing
Conlors
AMIC Aulomalic MaiI Irocossing
Conlro
AORC Assurod Opporlunily for
Rosoarcl Caroors
AICTT Asian and Iacific Conlro
for Transfor of ToclnoIogy
AIDI AccoIoralod Iovor
DovoIopmonl Irogrammo
AIDRI AccoIoralo Iovor
DovoIopmonl & Roform
Irogrammo
AIMC AgricuIluraI Iroduco
MarIoling Commilloo
Acronyms
2
ARC InlornalionaI Advancod
Rosoarcl Conlro for
Iovdor MolaIIurgy and
Nov MaloriaIs
ASHA Accrodilod SociaI HoaIll
Aclivisl
ASHWAS A Survoy of HousoloId
Walor and Sanilalion
AT&C Aggrogalo ToclnicaI &
CommorciaI
ATCM Anlarclic Troaly
ConsuIlalivo Mooling
ATCS Aroa Traffic ConlroI Syslom
AVI Accrodilod VocalionaI
Inslilulos
AWS Aulomalic Woallor Slalions
B2B Businoss-lo-Businoss
B2C Businoss-lo-Cuslomor
BARC Blabla Alomic Rosoarcl
Conlro
BARCOM BARC conlainmonl modoI
BBII Blaral Biolocl InlornalionaI
Iimilod
BBSRC BioloclnoIogy and BioIogicaI
Scioncos Rosoarcl CounciI
BHU Banaras Hindu Univorsily
BIII BioloclnoIogy Induslry
Iarlnorslip Irogrammo
BMTIC BuiIding MaloriaIs and
ToclnoIogy Iromolion
CounciI
BOSS Blaraliya Oporaling Syslom
Soflvaro
BRISI Board for Roconslruclion of
IubIic Soclor Inlorprisos
CABI ConlraI Advisory Board of
Iducalion
CAC ConlraI Appronlicoslip
CounciI
CAIIIIX CIoud AorosoI Inloraclion
and Irocipilalion
Inlancomonl Ixporimonl
CAI Compulor Aidod Ioarning
CARI Conlro for Advancod
Rosoarcl and Iducalion
CBM CoaI Bod Mollano
CBMC Capacily BuiIding
Managomonl CoII
CBRI ConlraI BuiIding Rosoarcl
Inslilulo
CCDA CoaI Consorvalion and
DovoIopmonl Acl
CCDU Communicalion and
Capacily DovoIopmonl
Unils
CCI Conlro for Conlinuing
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CCI Conlinuous Comprolonsivo
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CCMB Conlro for CoIIuIar and
MoIocuIar BioIogy
CCRI Codo of Conducl for
RosponsibIo Iislorios
CCTS CIosod CycIo TlormaI
Sysloms
CDB Coconul DovoIomonl Board
CDC ConsuIlancy DovoIopmonl
Conlro
CDID Conlro for DNA
Iingorprinling and
Diagnoslics
CDM CIoan DovoIopmonl
Moclanism
C-DOT Conlro for DovoIopmonl of
ToIomalics
CI Conlinuing Iducalion
CIA ConlraI IIoclricily
Aullorily
CII ConlraI IIoclronics Iimilod
3
CII Conlinuing Iducalion
Irogrammo
CICT ConlraI Inslilulo of
CIassicaI TamiI
CIDR ConlraI Idonlily Dala
Roposilory
CIIT ConlraI Inslilulo of
IducalionaI ToclnoIogy
CITIS Convonlion on InlornalionaI
Trado in Indangorod
Spocios of viId fauna and
fIora
CKMNT Conlro for KnovIodgo
Managomonl of Nano
Scionco and ToclnoIogy
CIIC Compacl Iinoar CoIIidor
CITS Communily Iod TolaI
Sanilalion
CMC Clrislian ModicaI CoIIogo
CMS ConlraIizod Moniloring
Syslom
CRO CIinicaI Rosoarcl
Organisalion
CRV CoaslaI Rosoarcl VossoIs
C-SAI Comprolonsivo Slalo
AgricuIluro IIans
CSCs Common Sorvico Conlros
CURII ConsoIidalion of Univorsily
Rosoarcl, Innovalion and
IxcoIIonco
CW CiviI WorIs
DAC Doparlmonl of AgricuIluro
and Cooporalion
DAI Doparlmonl of Alomic
Inorgy
DAI Dirocloralo of AduIl
Iducalion
DAHDI Doparlmonl of AnimaI
Husbandry, Dairying and
Iislorios
DARI Doparlmonl of AgricuIluraI
Rosoarcl and Iducalion
DAVI Dirocloralo of Advorlising
and VisuaI IubIicily
DBT Doparlmonl of
BioloclnoIogy
DDWS Doparlmonl of DrinIing
Walor Suppy
DIC Dislanco Iducalion CounciI
DII Song & Drama Division
and Dirocloralo of IioId
IubIicily
DGI&T Diroclor GonoraI of
ImpIoymonl & Training
DGIASII Dirocloralo GonoraI of
Iaclory Advico Sorvico &
Iabour Inslilulos
DGH Dirocloralo GonoraI of
Hydrocarbons
DGMS Dirocloralo GonoraI of
Minos Safoly
DHAN DovoIopmonl of Humano
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DIIT Dislricl Inslilulo of
Iducalion and Training
DIU Dislricl ImpIomonlalion
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DIM Dislricl IovoI Monilor
DoHI Doparlmonl of Higlor
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DOS Doparlmonl of Spaco
DIII Dislricl Irimary Iducalion
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DIHA DigilaI IrogrammabIo
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DISSI Diodo-Iumpod SoIid-Slalo
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DRC Dislricl Rosourco Conlro
DRDA Dislricl RuraI DovoIopmonl
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4
DRI DifforonliaI Ralo of Inlorosl
DSIR Doparlmonl of Scionlific
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DSIAM DigilaI Subscribor Iino
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DWDM Donso WavoIongll Division
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IAD IIilo AllIolos vill
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IAI IxlornaIIy Aidod Irojocl
IBB IducalionaIIy BacIvard
BIocIs
ICA IssonliaI Commodilios Acl
ICCI IarIy CliIdlood Caro
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ICS IIoclronic CIoaranco Sorvico
IDI IIoclro-DiaIysis Ionizalion
IDWAS Inlancod DigilaI Widoband
Accoss Syslom
IIZ IxcIusivo Iconomic Zono
IGA ImpIoymonl Guaranloo
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IHM IIoclronics Hardvaro
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IMR Ixlra MuraI Rosoarcl
INVIS InvironmonlaI Informalion
Syslom
IO Iarll Obsorvalion
IOI Ixprossion of Inlorosl
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IRNIT Iducalion & Rosoarcl
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IScorls Inorgy Saving Corlificalos
ISCO Inorgy Sorvico Company
IADs Iisl Aggrogaling Dovicos
IAIR IaciIily for Anliprolon and
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ICR Iood Convorsion Ralios
IIST Iund for improvomonl of
S&T Infraslrucluro in
Univorsilios and Higlor
IducalionaI Inslilulos
IORV Iislory and Ocoanograplic
Rosoarcl VossoI
ITII Tlo IiIm and ToIovision
Inslilulo of India, Iuno
ITTH Iibro lo llo Homo
GAGAN GIO and GIS Augmonlod
Navigalion Syslom
GAI Good AgricuIluraI Iraclicos
GATI Gradualo Apliludo Tosl in
Inginooring
GBS Gross Budgolary Supporl
GCI Gross CapilaI Iormalion
GCV Gross CaIorific VaIuo
GDI Gross Domoslic Iroducl
GIO GIobaI Iarll Obsorvalion
GIR Gross InroImonl Ralio
GITA GIobaI Innovalion and
ToclnoIogy AIIianco
GSAT Goo-Synclronus SaloIIilo
GSDI Gross Slalo Domoslic
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GSIV Goosynclronous Iauncl
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GSM GIobaI Syslom for MobiIo
Communicalion
HAIs Hazardous Air IoIIulanls
HICS Higl Iorformanco
Compuling Syslom
HSI Human Spaco IIigll
Irogrammo
HUDCO Housing and Urban
DovoIopmonl Corporalion
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HYV Higl YioIding Varioly
ICDS Inlogralod CliId
DovoIopmonl Sorvicos
ICGC InlornalionaI Cancor
Gonomo Consorlium
5
ICGIB InlornalionaI Conlro for
Gonolic Inginooring and
BioloclnoIogy
ICRISAT InlornalionaI Crops
Rosoarcl Inslilulo for llo
Somi-Arid Tropics
ICTS InlornalionaI Conlro for
TloorolicaI Scioncos
IDMI Sclomo for Infraslrucluro
DovoIopmonl in Minorily
Inslilulions/SclooIs
IDS Inslilulo of DovoIopmonl
Sludios, }aipur
IIBR InlornaI and Ixlra-
Budgolary Rosourcos
IICT Informalion, IIoclronics &
Communicalion ToclnoIogy
IIDC Inlogralod Iducalion for
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IIDCSS Inlogralod Iducalion of llo
DisabIod CliIdron al
Socondary Slago
IIG Inslilulo of Iconomic
Grovll
IIWTs Inlogralod Iixod WiroIoss
TorminaIs
IGCA Indian Grid Corlificalion
Aullorily
IGCAR Indira Gandli Conlro for
Alomic Rosoarcl
IGNCA Indira Gandli NalionaI
Conlro for Arls
IGNDIS Indira Gandli NalionaI
DisabiIily Ionsion Sclomo
IGNOAIS Indira Gandli NalionaI OId
Ago Ionsion Sclomo
IGNWIS Indira Gandli NalionaI
Widov Ionsion Sclomo
IGVdb Indian Gonomo Varialion
dalabaso
IHHI IndividuaI HousoloId Ialrino
IISIR Indian Inslilulo of Scionco
Iducalion and Rosoarcl
IMC Inslilulo Managomonl
Commilloos
IMD Indian MolooroIogicaI
Doparlmonl
IMRB Indian MarIol Rosoarcl
Buroau
IMRT Inlonsily ModuIalod
Radio-llorapy
IMS MuIlimodia Subsyslom
IMSc Inslilulo of MallomalicaI
Scioncos
INCOIS Indian NalionaI Conlro for
Ocoan Informalion Sorvicos
INM Inlogralod Nulrionl
Managomonl
INO India-basod Noulrino
Obsorvalory
INSAT Indian NalionaI SaloIIilo
INSIIRI Innovalion in Scionlific
Iursuil for Inspirod
Rosoarcl
IOR Improvod OiI Rocovory
IIIRTI Indian IIyvood Induslry
Rosoarcl and Training
Inslilulo
IIM Inlogralod Iosl
Managomonl
IRS Indian Romolo Sonsing
SaloIIilo
ISA InlornalionaI Soabod
Aullorily
ISIC Inslilulo for SociaI and
Iconomic Clango
ISOIAM Inlogralod Sclomo of
OiIsood, IuIsos, OiI IaIm
and Maizo
IT&IToS IT& IT InabIod Sorvicos
IT-BIO Indian Informalion
ToclnoIogy- Businoss
Irocoss Oulsourcing
6
ITCs InduslriaI Training Conlros
ITIR InlornalionaI TlormonucIoar
IxporimonlaI Roaclor
ITIR Informalion ToclnoIogy
Invoslmonl Rogions
ITIs InduslriaI Training
Inslilulos
ITRA IT Rosoarcl Acadomy
ITRA ToclnoIogy Rosoarcl
Acadomy
IUAC Inlor Univorsily AccoIoralor
Conlro
IUU IIIogaI, UnroguIalod and
Unrocordod
IYN India Youll NolvorI
}NCASR }avalar IaI Nolru Conlro
for Advancod Scionlific
Rosoarcl
}NV }avalar Navodaya
VidyaIayas
}RIM }oinl Roviov and Ioarning
Missions
}SS }an SliIslan Sansllan
}SY }anani SuraIsla Yojana
KCC Kisan Crodil Cards
KGBV Kaslurba Gandli BaIiIa
VidyaIaya
KMoMA KoIIala Musoum of Modorn
Arl
KVS Kondriya VidyaIaya
Sangallan
KYC Knov Your Cuslomor
KYR Knov Your Rosidonl
IIHIIA Iov Inorgy Higl Inlonsily
Irolon AccoIoralor
III Iifo Inriclmonl Irogrammo
IHC Iargo Hadron CoIIidor
IIDAR Iigll Doloclion and
Ranging
IINAC Iinoar AccoIoralor
INUII Iaxmibai NalionaI Univorsily
of IlysicaI Iducalion
ITTD Iov Tomporaluro TlormaI
DosaIinalion
MBCs MaiI Businoss Conlros
MIS ModuIar ImpIoyabIo SIiIIs
MNRI Minislry of Nov and
RonovabIo Inorgy
MoA Momorandum of Agroomonl
MOA Minislry of AgricuIluro
MOC Minislry of CoaI
MoCI Minislry of ClomicaIs and
IolroclomicaIs
MOII Minislry of Iabour &
ImpIoymonl
MOI Minislry of Iovor
MoU Momorandum of
Undorslanding
MICC MuIlipurposo CuIluraI
CompIox
MS MaliIa SamaIlya
MSK MaliIa SliIslan Kondra
MSMI Micro SmaII and Modium
Inlorprisos
MSI Minimum Supporl IRICI
MT MiIIion Tonnos
MTA Mid Torm AppraisaI
MTI MiIIonnium ToIocom
Iimilod
Mloo MiIIion lonos of oiI
oquivaIonl
MU MiIIion Unils
MW Moga Wall
MYRADA Mysoro RosollIomonl and
DovoIopmonl Agoncy
MYT MuIli Yoar Tariff
NABARD NalionaI AgricuIluraI BanI
for RuraI DovoIopmonl
NADA NalionaI Anli-Doping
Agoncy
7
NAII NalionaI AgricuIluraI
Innovalion Irojocl
NAIS NalionaI AgricuIluraI
Insuranco Sclomo
NAICC NalionaI Aclion IIan on
CIimalo Clango
NARS NalionaI AgricuIluraI
Rosoarcl Syslom
NAS NalionaI Accounls Slalislics
NATI NalionaI AgricuIluraI
ToclnoIogy Irojocl
NBIIs Non BanIing IinanciaI
Inlormodiarios
NCC NalionaI Cadol Corps
NCCS NalionaI Conlro for CoII
Scionco
NCIRT NalionaI CounciI of
IducalionaI Rosoarcl and
Training
NCIUS NalionaI Commission for
Inlorprisos in llo
Unorganizod Soclor
NCHIR NalionaI Commission for
Higlor Iducalion and
Rosoarcl
NCII NalionaI CliId Iabour
Irojocl
NCIA NalionaI Conlro for
Iorforming Arls
NCT NalionaI CapilaI Torrilory
NCTI NalionaI CounciI of Toaclor
Iducalion
NCVT NalionaI CounciI for
VocalionaI Training
NDTI NalionaI Dopo Tosling
Iaboralory
NIIRI NalionaI InvironmonlaI
Inginooring Rosoarcl inslilulo
NoGI Tlo NalionaI o-Govornanco
IIan
NIHU Norll Iasl HiII Univorsily
NIII Nov IxpIoralion Iiconsing
IoIicy
NIAI NalionaI IiIm Arclivos of
India
NIBS NalionaI IamiIy Bonofil
Sclomo
NIDB NalionaI Iislorios
DovoIopmonl Board
NIDC NalionaI IiIm DovoIopmonl
Corporalion Ild.
NII Non IormaI Iducalion
NISM NalionaI Iood Socurily
Mission
NGN Noxl Gonoralion NolvorIs
NGOs Non-GovornmonlaI
Orginalions
NGOs/VOs Non-Govornmonl
Organisalions/VoIunlary
Organisalions
NGI NirmaI Gram IurasIar
NHB NalionaI HorlicuIluro Board
NHB NalionaI Housing BanI
NHM NalionaI HorlicuIluro
Mission
NHRC NalionaI Human Riglls
Commission
NIC NalionaI Informalics Conlro
NIOS NalionaI Inslilulo of Opon
SclooIing
NIOT NalionaI Inslilulo of Ocoan
ToclnoIogy
NIIIR NalionaI Inslilulo of
IlarmacoulicaI Iducalion
and Rosoarcl
NIIGR NalionaI Inslilulo of IIanl
Gonomic Rosoarcl
NIRD NalionaI Inslilulo of RuraI
DovoIopmonl
NISIR NalionaI Inslilulo for Scionco
Iducalion and Rosoarcl
8
NIT NalionaI inslilulo of
ToclnoIogy
NKC NalionaI KnovIodgo
Commilloo
NKN NalionaI KnovIodgo
NolvorI
NIC NoyvoIi Iignilo Corporalon
NII NalionaI Iabour Inslilulo
NIM NalionaI IovoI Monilor
NIM NalionaI Iiloracy Mission
NMBA NalionaI Mission on
Bamboo AppIicalions
NMIII Nalion Mission on Inlancod
Inorgy Ifficioncy
NMMS NalionaI Moans-cum-Moril
ScloIarslip
NMS NolvorI Managomonl
Syslom
NOAA NalionaI Ocoanic and
Almosploric Adminislralion
NOAIS NalionaI OId Ago Ionsion
Sclomo
NIIGII NalionaI Irogrammo for
Iducalion of GirIs al
IIomonlary IovoI
NIII NalionaI IlysicaI Iilnoss
Irogrammo
NIIs/HWIs NucIoar Iovor IIanls/
Hoavy Walor IIanls
NIR NalionaI IopuIalion
Rogislor
NIYAD NalionaI Irogrammo for
Youll and AdoIosconl
DovoIopmonl
NRAA NalionaI Rainfod Aroas
Aullorily
NRCIOSS NalionaI Rosourco Conlro
for Iroo and Opon Sourco
Soflvaro
NRDC NalionaI Rosoarcl and
DovoIopmonl Corporalion
NRIGA NalionaI RuraI ImpIoymonl
Guaranloo Acl
NRIGS NalionaI RuraI ImpIoymonl
Guaranloo Sclomos
NRII NalionaI RuraI ImpIoymonl
Irogrammo
NRIM NalionaI RuraI IivoIiloods
Mission
NRSMMS NalionaI Radio Spoclrum
Managomonl & Moniloring
Syslom
NSA Nol Sovn Aroa
NSAI NalionaI SociaI Assislanco
Irogrammo
NSDC NalionaI SIiII DovoIopmonl
Corporalion
NSDCB NalionaI SIiII DovoIopmonl
Coordinalion Board
NSDM NalionaI SIiII DovoIopmonl
Mission
NSG NucIoar SuppIior Group
NSNIS Nolaji Sublas NalionaI
Inslilulo of Sporls
NSS NalionaI Sorvico Sclomo
NSSO NalionaI SampIo Survoy
Organisalion
NSTMIS NalionaI Scionco &
ToclnoIogy Managomonl
Informalion Syslom
NSVS NalionaI Sorvico VoIunloor
Sclomo
NTII Non-Timbor Iorosl
Iroducls
NWI NumoricaI Woallor
Irodiclion
NWROC NalionaI Woallor Radar
Oporaling Conlro
NYC NalionaI Youll Corps
NYKS Nolru Yuva Kondra
Sangallan
9
O&M Oporalions and
Mainlonanco
OBC Ollor BacIvard CIassos
OCM Ocoan CoIor monilor
ODI Opon and Dislanco
Ioarning
OIC OplicaI Iibro CabIo
OMC OiI MarIoling Company
OoSC Oul of SclooI CliIdron
ORV Ocoan Rosoarcl VossoI
OSC Ovorsigll Commilloo
OSH OccupalionaI Safoly and
HoaIll
OTS Ono Timo SollIomonl
OVI ONGC Vidosl Iimilod
IAT Iorform, Acliovo an Trado
IIT Iosilron Imission
Tomograply
IIBR Irololypo Iasl Broodor Iasl
Roaclor
IIZ IolonliaI Iisling Zonos
IHM Iosl Harvosl Managomonl
IHT Irimary Hoal Transporl
IHWRs Irossurizod Hoavy Walor
Roaclors
IIB Iross Informalion Buroau
III Irimary Ionding
Inslilulions
III Iosl Iiloracy Irojocls
IMGSY Iradlan Manlri Gram
SadaI Yojna
INRGB IolroIoum & NaluraI Gas
RoguIalory Board
IIMI Iovor Irojocl Moniloring
IanoI
ISIV IoIar SaloIIilo Iauncl VolicIo
ITR IupiI Toaclor Ralio
IURSI Iromolion of Univorsily
Rosoarcl and Scionlific
IxcoIIonco
IYKKA Ianclayal Yuva Krida Aur
KloI Abliyan
R&D Rosoarcl and DovoIopmonl
RBI Rosorvo BanI of India
RCCI Rosourco Conlro for Cybor
Ironsics Roaclors
RIC RuraI IIoclrificalion
Corporalion
RGGVY Rajiv Gandli Gramoon
VidyuliIaran Yojana
RGNIYD Rajiv Gandli NalionaI
Inslilulo of Youll
DovoIopmonl
RIDI RuraI Infraslrucluro
DovoIopmonl Iund
RISAT Radar Imaging SaloIIilo
RKVY Rasllriya Krisli ViIas
Yojana
RIII RuraI IandIoss ImpIoymonl
Irogrammo
RMSA Rasllriya MadlyamiI
SliIsla Abliyan
RIII RuraI IoslaI Iifo Insuranco
RRBs RogionaI RuraI BanIs
RRCAT Raja Ramanna Conlro for
Advancod ToclnoIogy
RSBY Rasllriya Svasllya Bima
Yojana
RSDI Romolo Sonsing Dala IoIicy
RSY Rasllriya Sadblavana
Yojana
RTDT RogionaI ToclnoIogy
Domonslralion and Transfor
RTI Rigll lo Iducalion
RTI Rigll lo Informalion Acl
RTSMN RoaI Timo Soismic
Moniloring NolvorI
S&DD Song and Drama Division
SACI SpociaI AgricuIluraI Crodil
IIans
SAI Slalo AgricuIluro IIan
10
SARAI SaloIIilo vill Argos and
AIliIa
SAUs Slalo AgricuIluraI
Univorsily
SBIRI SmaII Businoss Innovalivo
Rosoarcl Inilialivo
SBI SHG-BanI IinIago
Arclilocluro
SCB ScloduIod CommorciaI
BanIs
SCCI Singaroni CoaI Company
Iimilod
SCIRT Slalo CounciI of
IducalionaI Rosoarcl and
Training
SCI Scionco Cilalion Indox
SCI Somi Conduclor Iaboralory
SDCs SIiII DovoIopmonl Conlros
SDCs Slalo Dala Conlros
SDSC Salisl Dlavan Spaco
Conlro
SIAT Sclomo for IarIy Allraclion
of TaIonl
SII SclooI Iducalion and
Iiloracy
SIRB Scionco and Inginooring
Rosoarcl Board
SIRC Scionco and Inginooring
Rosoarcl CounciI
SIZs SpociaI Iconomic Zonos
SGSY Svarn }ayanli Gram
Svarozgar Yojana
SHG SoIf HoIp Groups
SIIMAT Slalo Inslilulos of
IducalionaI Managomonl
and Training
SIIT Slalo Inslilulo of
IducalionaI ToclnoIogy
SINI Sala Inslilulo of NucIoar
Ilysics
SIIS SpociaI Inconlivo IacIago
Sclomo
SIRD Slalo Inslilulo of RuraI
DovoIopmonl
S}SRY Svarna }ayanli Slalari
Rozgar Yojana
SIIT Slalo IovoI IIigibiIily Tosl
SISC Slalo IovoI Sanclioning
Commilloo
SNA Sangool NalaI AIadomi
SoRs ScloduIos of Ralos
SIA SclooI of IIanning and
Arclilocluro
SIQIM Sclomo for Iroviding
QuaIily Iducalion in
Madarsas
SRC Slalo Rosourco Conlro
SRITI Salyajil Ray IiIm and
ToIovision Inslilulo of
India, KoIIala
SRR Sood RopIacomonl Ralo
STAC Advisory Commilloo
Inlor-SocloraI Scionco and
ToclnoIogy Advisory
Commilloo
STI Soflvaro ToclnoIogy IarIs
STQC Slandardisalion, Tosling &
QuaIily Corlificalion
SWANs Slalo Wido Aroa NolvorI
TAI TolaI AvaiIabIo Iunds
TAX TrunI Aulomalic Ixclango
TBM Tosl BIanIol ModuIo
TCOIs ToIocom Conlros of
IxcoIIonco
TDII ToIocom DovoIopmonl and
Invoslmonl Iromolion
TDI ToclnoIogy DovoIopmonl
Irogrammos
TI Trionnium Inding
TIC ToIocom Inginooring Conlro
11
TICSAR An IsraoIi Roconnaissanco
SaloIIilo
TIDM Timo Domain
IIoclromagnolic Syslom
TIM Transmission IIoclron
Microscopo
TIIC ToIocom Ixporl Iromolion
CounciI
ToII Toclno Inlropronourslip
Iromolion Irogrammo
TIQII ToclnicaI Iducalion QuaIily
Improvomonl Irogrammo
TITC ToIocom Iquipmonl Tosling
and Corlificalion Conlro
THSTI TransIalionaI HoaIll Scionco
and ToclnoIogy Inslilulo
TIDI ToclnoIogy Incubalion and
DovoIopmonl of
Inlropronours
TIIAC ToclnoIogy Informalion,
Iorocasling and Assossmonl
CounciI
TIIR Tala Inslilulo of
IundamonlaI Rosoarcl
TIC TolaI Iiloracy Campaign
TII Toacling Ioarning
Iquipmonl
TMNI ToclnoIogy Mission for
Inlogralod DovoIopmonl of
HorlicuIluro in Norll Iasl
Slalos incIuding SiIIim,
}ammu & Kaslmir,
HimaclaI Iradosl and
UllranclaI
TIDU ToclnoIogy Iromolion
DovoIopmonl and
UliIizalion
TSC TolaI Sanilalion Campaign
TSTO Tvo Slago lo Orbil
TTC ToIolracIing ConlroI
U233 Uranium-233
UII UnivorsaIisalion of
IIomonlary Iducalion
UI UIlra-IiIlralion
UHV UIlimalo Hoal VaIuo
UICT Univorsily Inslilulo of
ClomicaI ToclnoIogy
UIDAI Uniquo Idonlificalion
Aullorily of India
UMA&N Undorsoa CabIing bolvoon
MainIand and Andaman &
Nicobar IsIands
UMII UIlra Moga Iovor Irojocl
UNDI Unilod Nalions
DovoIopmonl Irogrammo
UNISCO Unilod Nalions IducalionaI,
Scionlific and CuIluraI
Organizalion
UNICII Tlo Unilod Nalions
CliIdrons Iund
UII UnivorsaIisalion of Irimary
Iducalion
USII Urban SoIf-ImpIoymonl
Irogrammo
USOI UnivorsaI Sorvico ObIigalion
Iund
UWII Urban Wago ImpIoymonl
Irogrammo
VIC ViIIago Iducalion
Commilloo
VICC VariabIo Inorgy CycIolron
Conlro
VISI Vory Iargo ScaIo
Inlogralion
VMS VossoI Moniloring Syslom
VoII Voico-Ovor Inlornol
IrolocoI
VITs ViIIago IubIic ToIoplonos
VRC ViIIago Rosourco Conlro
VTII VocalionaI Training
Improvomonl Irojocl
12
VTIs VocalionaI Training
Irovidors
WAR Winning, Augmonlalion and
Ronovalion
WBCIS Woallor Basod Crop
Insuranco Sclomo
WCD Womon and CliId
DovoIopmonl
WDISCA Walorslod DovoIopmonl
Irogrammo for Slifling
CuIlivalions Norll Iaslorn
Aroa
WII WiroIoss in IocaI Ioop
WMO WiroIoss Moniloring
Organizalion
WMS WiroIoss Moniloring Slalion
WIC WiroIoss IIanning and
Coordi-nalion
WSN WiroIoss Sonsors NolvorI
WTI Walor ToclnoIogy Inilialivo
WTO WorId Trado Organisalion
YAI Yamuna Aclion IIan
YAS Youll Affairs and Sporls
YIS Young Inlropronours
Sclomo
ZCCs ZonaI CuIluraI Conlros
GEOGRAPHY
INDIA 2011
13
India is Iocalod bolvoon 84 and 376 norll Ialiludo and 687 and 9725 oasl Iongiludo.
Andaman and Nicobar isIands in llo Bay of BongaI and IaIsladvoop in llo Arabian
Soa aro parls of India.
Tlo counlry slaros ils poIilicaI bordors vill IaIislan and Afglanislan on llo vosl and
BangIadosl and Burma on llo oasl. Tlo norllorn boundary is mado up of Clina, NopaI
32,87,263 Im
2
(7ll Iargosl counlry in llo vorId)
84 N376 N & 687 I97 25 I
1,027,015,247
- 324 ppsI
65.38
54.16
933 fomaIo/1000 maIo
- - AizavI
Irom 8230 I
3214 Im
-- 2933 Im
15,200 Im
7516 Im
6100 Im
Indira Ioinl (630 N)
- 28
- 7
- - Rajasllan
- - Goa
- - U.I.
- - SiIIim
1
Landandthe
People
INDIA 2011
14
and Blulan. India is soparalod from Sri IanIa by a narrov clannoI of soa formod by llo
IaII Slrail and llo GuIf of Mannar.
PHYSICAL REGIONS
Tlo mainIand, in goograplicaI lorms is broadIy dividod inlo (a) llo groal mounlains,
(b) llo rivor llo pIains, (c) llo dosorl and (d) llo poninsuIa.
MOUNTAIN RANGES
Tlo mounlains oxlond for moro llan 2400 cm. Tloy aro sovon:
1. Tlo HimaIayas,
2. Tlo IalIai and ollor rangos bordoring India in llo norll and norll oasl,
3. Tlo Vindlyas, vlicl soparalo llo Indo-Gangolic pIain from llo Doccan IIaloau,
4. Tlo Salpura
5. Tlo AravaIIi
6. Tlo Salyadri, vlicl covors llo oaslorn fringo of llo Wosl Coasl pIains and
7. Tlo Iaslorn Glals, irroguIarIy scallorod on llo Iasl Coasl and forming llo boundary
of llo Iasl Coasl pIains.
-
1. K2 8,611
2. Kanclonjunga 8,598
3. Nanga Iarbal 8,126
4. Gaslor Brum 8,068
5. Broad IoaI 8,047
6. DislogliI Sar 7,885
7. Maslor Brum I 7,821
8. Nanda Dovi 7,817
9. Maslor Brum W 7,806
10. RaIaposli 7,788
11. Kamol 7,756
12. Sasor Kangri 7,672
13. SIyang Kangri 7,544
14. Sia Kangri 7,422
15. ClauIlamba (Badrinall IoaI) 7,138
16. TrisuI Wosl 7,138
INDIA 2011
15
17. NunIun 7,135
18. Iaulunri 7,125
19. Kanglo 7,090
20. Dunagiri 7,066
In IaI-occupiod lorrilory
NATURAL VEGETATION
- - - --
(a) -- is found in aroas vill 200 cm lo 300 cm rainfaII, av.
annuaI lomp. 20C lo p av. annuaI lumidily >80.
(b) - - -- found in pIacos vill Iossor rainfaII bolvoon 150 lo
200 cm, moan annuaI lomp. bolvoon 24C and 28C, lumidily 75.
(c) - aro found vloro rainfaII is scanly bolvoon 75 lo 100 cm, moan annuaI
lomp 23C lo 29C, lumidily 50 lo 60.
(d) -- aro common in Soull India and HimaIayas.
(o) -- aro found in llo coaslaI submorgod pIains of Gangos
(Sundarbans), Malanadi, Godavari and KoraIa.
(f) --- - abovo 100 m, IovIand as in Iunjab,
Haryana, UI, Bilar, NW Assam and rivorino grassIands found aIong rivors.
AvaiIabIo dala pIaco India in llo lonll posilion in llo vorId and fourll in Asia in
pIanl divorsily. Irom aboul 70 por conl goograplicaI aroa survoyod so far, 47,000
spocios of pIanls lavo boon do-scribod by llo BolanicaI Survoy of India (BSI), KoIIala.
AGRICULTURE
India las lvo crop soasons.
(a) Rico, }ovar, Bajra, Ragi, Maizo, Collon, }ulo. Soving }uno/}uIy, Harvosl
- Sop./Ocl.
(b) Wloal, BarIoy, Ioas, Raposood, Muslard, Gram. Soving Ocl./Doc., Harvosl
- ApriI/May.
HIMALAYAN RANGE
In HimaIayas Kaslmir and IuIIu vaIIoy aro forliIo. Somo of llo liglosl poaIs in llo
vorId aro found in llis rango. on llo main Indo-Tibol lrado
roulo llrougl llo Clumbi VaIIoy, norll-oasl of DarjooIing and in llo SalIuj
vaIIoy, norll-oasl of KaIpa. In llo oasl, bolvoon India and Myanmar and India and
BangIadosl, liII rangos aro mucl Iovor. - - running
aImosl oasl-vosl, join llo clain lo Mizo and RIlino HiIIs running norll-soull.
Tlo pIains of llo Ganga and llo Indus, aboul Iong and ,
aro formod by basins of - --- (i) llo Indus, (ii) llo Ganga and
INDIA 2011
16
(iii) llo Bralmapulra. Tloy aro ono of llo vorIds groalosl slrolclos of fIal aIIuvium
and aIso ono of llo mosl donsoIy popuIalod aroas on llo oarll.
Tlo dosorl rogion can bo dividod inlo lvo parls: llo groal dosorl and llo IillIo
dosorl. Tlo groal dosorl oxlonds from llo odgo of llo Rann of Kuclcl boyond
llo norllvard. Tlo - oxlonds from llo Iuni bolvoon
}aisaImor and }odlpur. Bolvoon groal and IillIo dosorl Iios a sloriIo zono of
Iimoslono ridgos.
Tlo poninsuIar rogion is fIanIod by Iaslorn and Woslorn glals. Woslorn glal is moro
oIovalod llan oaslorn glals. Tlo soullorn poinl of pIaloau is formod by llo NiIgiri
HiIIs vloro llo Iaslorn and llo Woslorn Glals mool. Tlo Cardamom HiIIs Iying
boyond rogardod as a conlinualion of llo Woslorn glal.
Tlo gooIogicaI rogions broadIy foIIov llo plysicaI foaluros and may bo groupod inlo
llroo rogions:
1. Tlo HimaIayas and lloir associalod group of mounlains,
2. Tlo Indo-Ganga IIain and
3. Tlo IoninsuIar SlioId.
Tlo HimaIayan mounlain boIl lo llo llo norll and llo Naga-Iuslai mounlain in llo
oasl, aro llo rogions of mounlain-buiIding movomonl, voro undor marino condilions
aboul 60 croros yoars ago. Tlo Indo-Ganga pIains aro a groal aIIuviaI lracI llal
soparalo llo HimaIayas in llo norll from llo IoninsuIa in llo soull.
Tlo rivor sysloms of India can bo cIassifiod inlo four groups viz.
(i) HimaIayan rivors,
(ii) Doccan rivors,
(iii) CoaslaI rivors, and
(iv) Rivors of llo inIand drainago basin.
Tlo HimaIayan rivors sysloms aro lloso of llo Indus and llo Ganga-Bralmpulra-
Moglna aro formod by moIling snov and gIaciors and lloroforo, conlinuousIy fIov
llrougloul llo yoar. During llo monsoon monlls, lloy causos fIoods. Tlo Doccan
rivors on llo ollor land aro rainfod. Tlo Indus, vlicl is ono of llo groal rivors
of llo vorId, risos noar Mansarovar in Tibol. Il fIovs llrougl India and lloroaflor
llrougl IaIislan and finaIIy faIIs in llo Arabian soa noar Karacli. Ils imporlanl
lribularios aro llo Boas, llo Ravi, llo SalIuj, llo Clonab and llo }loIum.
Blagiralli and llo AIaInanda vlicl join al form llo
Yamuna mools ganga al AIIalabad. AIso logollor vill Sarasvali lloy form
Sangam in AIIalabad. ClambaI and Bolva aro llo imporlanl lribularios of Ya-
muna. Tlo Ganga caIIod as Iadma in BangIadosl vlicl mools vill Bralmpulra
and caIIod as Moglna.
Tlo Bralmapulra risos in Tibol, vloro il is Inovn as Tsangpo. Il runs a Iong
dislanco and crossos ovor inlo India in ArunaclaI Iradosl undor llo namo of
Dilang. Noar Iassiglal, llo Dobang and Iolil join llo rivor Bralmapulra and llo
INDIA 2011
17
combinod rivor runs aII aIong llo Assam in a narrov vaIIoy. Il crossos inlo BangIadosl
dovnslroam of Dlubri. Tlo principaI lribularios of Bralmapulra in India aro llo
Subansiri, }ia BlaroIi, Dlansiri, Iullimari, IagIadiya and llo Manas. In llo Doccan
rogion, mosl of llo major rivor sysloms fIoving gonoraIIy in oasl diroclion faII inlo
Bay of BongaI.
Tlo major oasl fIoving rivors aro Godavari, Krislna, Cauvory, Malanadi, olc. Narmada
and Tapli aro major Wosl fIoving rivors. Tlo Godavari in llo soullorn IoninsuIa las
llo socond Iargosl rivor basin in llo counlry. Noxl lo il is llo Krislna basin in llo
rogion, vliIo llo Malanadi las llo llird Iargosl basin. Tloro aro somo dosorl rivors
vlicl fIov for somo dislanco and aro Iosl in llo dosorl in Rajasllan. Tloso aro
- - -
Tlo cIimalo of India may bo broadIy doscribod as lropicaI monsoon lypo. Tloro aro
four soasons:
1. Winlor (}anuary lo Iobruary),
2. Hol voallor summor (Marcl lo May),
3. Rainy soull-voslorn monsoon (}uno lo Soplombor) and
4. Iosl-monsoon, aIso Inovn as norll-oasl monsoon in llo soullorn IoninsuIa
(Oclobor lo Docombor).
Indias cIimalo is affoclod by lvo soasonaI vinds - - and llo
-- -. Tlo norll-oasl monsoon commonIy Inovn as vinlor monsoon.
Il bIovs from Iand lo soa vloroas soull-vosl monsoon Inovn as summor monsoon.
Il bIovs from soa lo Iand aflor crossing llo Indian Ocoan, llo Arabian Soa and llo
Bay of BongaI. Tlo soull-vosl monsoon brings mosl of llo rainfaII.
(BSI), KoIIala so far, ovor 46,000 spocios of pIanls
lavo boon doscribod by llo BSI, KoIIala. Il sludios fIora. BSI brings oul an invonlory
of ondangorod pIanls in llo form of a pubIicalion lilIod Rod Dala BooI.
, vill ils loadquarlors in KoIIala and 16
rogionaI slalions is rosponsibIo for survoying llo faunaI rosourcos of India. India las
groal varioly of fauna numboring ovor 90,000 spocios.
A projocl for brooding crocodiIos vas slarlod in 1974 for saving llo crocodiIo from
oxlinclion.
Tlo consus of India 2001 is lisloric and opocl maIing, boing llo firsl consus of llo
21sl conlury and llo llird miIIonnium.
Tlo popuIalion of India as rocordod al oacl doconniaI consus from las grovn
sloadiIy oxcopl for a docroaso during 191121, duo lo opidomic and drougll.
- is dofinod as llo numbor of porsons por sq Im. Tlo popuIalion
donsily of India in 2001 vas 324 por sq Im. Tlo donsily of popuIalion vas incroasod
in aII Slalos and Union Torrilorios bolvoon 1991 and 2001. Wosl BongaI is on llo lop
among slalos, Bilar is 2nd vliIo KoraIa is on 3rd.
INDIA 2011
18
dofinod as llo numbor of fomaIos por llousand maIos. Il is aIvays
unfavourabIo lo fomaIos. Il vas 972 al llo boginning of llo 20ll conlury and
lloroaflor slovod conlinuous docIino unliI 1941. Il is 933 in llis consus figuro.
Ior llo purposo of consus 2001, a porson agod sovon and abovo, vlo can boll road
and vrilo vill undorslanding in any Ianguago, is lroalod as Iiloralo. In llo consusos
prior lo 1991, cliIdron boIov fivo yoars of ago voro nocossariIy lroalod as iIIiloralos.Tlo
Iiloracy ralo in llo counlry is 64.84 por conl, 75.26 for maIos and 53.67 for fomaIos.
Tlo 15ll NalionaI Consus oxorciso (consus 2011) vorI las bogun, ovory porson agod
ovor 15 viII bo plolograplod and fingor prinlod lo croalo a biomolric nalionaI
dalabaso. Tlo govornmonl las finaIIy docidod lo add caslo in llo ongoing consus
procoss of 2011.
IopuIalionviso, India is socond in llo vorId. On May 11, 2000 Indias popuIalion
roaclod llo ono biIIion marI. Tlo popuIalion incroasod lo 1,027 miIIion in Marcl,
2001 (531.3 m. maIos and 495.7 m. fomaIos). India accounls for a moagro 2.4 of llo
vorId surfaco aroa of 135.79 miIIion sq. Im. bul il supporls 1 of llo vorId
popuIalion. Il is oslimalod llal al llo prosonl ralo of grovll (1.93 during 1991
2001) India viII ovorlaIo Clina by 2050.
-

01 Groalor Mumbai 16,368,084
02 KoIIala 13,216,546
03 DoIli 12,791,458
04 Clonnai 6,424,624
05 BangaIoro 5,686,844
06 Hydorabad 5,533,640
07 Almodabad 4,519,278
08 Iuno 3,755,525
09 Sural 2,811,466
10 Kanpur 2,690,486
11 }aipur 2,324,319
12 IucInov 2,266,933
13 Nagpur 2,122,965
14 Ialna 1,707,429
15 Indoro 1,639,044
16 Vadodara 1,492,398
17 BlopaI 1,454,830
18 Coimbaloro 1,446,034
19 Iudliana 1,395,053
20 Kocli 1,355,406
INDIA 2011
19
21 VisaIlapalnam 1,329,472
22 Agra 1,321,410
23 Varanasi 1,211,749
24 Madurai 1,194,665
25 Moorul 1,167,399
26 NasliI 1,152,048
27 }abaIpur 1,117,200
28 }amslodpur 1,101,804
29 AsansoI 1,090,171
30 Dlanbad 1,064,357
31 Iaridabad 1,054,981
32 AIIalabad 1,049,579
33 Amrilsar 1,011,327
34 Vijayavada 1,011,152
35 RajIol 1,002,160

--
- -- - -
1951 18.33 27.16 8.86
1961 28.30 40.40 15.35
1971 34.45 45.96 21.97
1981 43.57 56.38 29.76
1991 52.21 64.13 39.29
2001 65.38 75.85 54.16
--

--
India 933 51.7 48.3 24.4 54.5 63.2 45.1
-
Andlra Iradosl 978 50.6 49.4 22.8 52.4 60.9 43.8
ArunaclaI Iradosl 893 52.8 47.2 64.8 44.2 52.3 35.0
INDIA 2011
20

--
Assam 935 51.7 48.3 19.3 52.6 59.4 45.2
Bilar 919 52.1 47.9 16.6 37.5 47.7 26.3
Cllallisgarl 989 50.3 49.7 43.4 53.6 64.1 43.1
DoIli 821 54.9 45.1 16.9 69.8 74.9 63.5
Goa 961 51.0 49.0 1.8 73.1 78.7 67.3
Gujaral 920 52.1 47.9 21.9 58.9 67.6 49.4
Haryana 861 53.7 46.3 19.3 57.2 65.8 47.2
HimaclaI Iradosl 968 50.8 49.2 28.7 66.5 73.8 59.0
}&K 892 52.8 47.2 18.5 47.4 57.1 36.5
}larIland 941 51.5 48.5 38.1 43.7 55.1 31.6
KarnalaIa 965 50.9 49.1 22.8 57.6 65.7 49.2
KoraIa 1058 46.6 51.4 11.0 80.0 82.4 77.8
Madlya Iradosl 919 52.1 47.9 35.4 52.4 62.6 41.2
Malarasllra 922 52.0 48.0 19.1 66.0 73.8 57.6
Manipur 974 50.7 49.3 34.9 57.1 64.8 49.2
MoglaIaya 972 50.7 49.3 86.4 49.9 52.2 47.6
Mizoram 935 51.7 48.3 94.5 74.4 76.3 72.5
NagaIand 900 52.6 47.4 89.1 56.9 61.1 52.2
Odisla 972 50.7 49.3 38.7 53.9 64.3 43.2
Iunjab 876 53.3 46.7 28.9 60.6 65.0 55.5
Rajasllan 921 52.1 47.9 29.7 49.0 61.3 35.6
SiIIim 875 53.3 46.7 25.6 58.9 65.5 51.2
TamiI Nadu 987 50.3 49.7 20.0 64.9 72.6 57.1
Tripura 948 51.3 48.7 48.4 63.2 70.1 56.0
Ullar Iradosl 898 52.7 47.3 21.2 45.6 55.8 34.1
UllaranclaI 962 51.0 49.0 20.9 60.1 69.6 50.4
Wosl BongaI 934 51.7 48.3 28.5 58.9 66.2 51.0
-
A&N IsIands 846 54.2 45.8 8.3 71.7 76.1 65.1
Clandigarl 777 56.3 43.7 17.5 71.4 75.5 66.2
D&N HavoIi 812 55.2 44.8 64.1 47.1 59.3 32.1
Daman & Diu 710 58.5 41.5 11.9 68.0 76.7 55.7
IaIsladvoop 9.48 51.3 48.7 94.5 73.7 78.7 68.3
Iuduclorry 1001 50.0 50.0 16.2 71.5 77.8 65.2
--
INDIA 2011
21
-- -
India 1,028,610,328 16.2 8.2
}&K 10,143,700 7.6 10.9
HimaclaI Iradosl 6,077,900 24.7 4.0
Iunjab 24,358,999 28.9 0.0
Clandigarl 900,635 17.5 0.0
UllaranclaI 8,489,349 17.9 3.0
Haryana 21,144,564 19.3 0.0
DoIli 13,850,507 16.9 0.0
Rajasllan 56,507,188 17.2 12.6
Ullar Iradosl 166,197,921 21.1 0.1
Bilar 82,998,509 15.7 0.9
SiIIim 540,851 5.0 20.6
ArunaclaI Iradosl 1,097,968 0.6 64.2
NagaIand 1,990,036 0.0 89.1
Manipur 2,166,788 2.8 34.2
Mizoram 888,573 0.0 94.5
Tripura 3,199,203 17.4 31.1
MoglaIaya 2,318,822 0.5 85.9
Assam 26,655,528 6.9 12.4
Wosl BongaI 80,176,197 23.0 5.5
}larIland 26,945,829 11.8 26.3
Odisla 36,804,660 16.5 22.1
Cllallisgarl 20,833,803 11.6 31.8
Madlya Iradosl 60,348,023 15.2 20.3
Gujaral 50,671,017 7.1 14.8
Daman & Diu 158,204 3.1 8.8
D & N HavoIi 220,490 1.9 62.2
Malarasllra 96,878,627 10.2 8.9
Andlra Iradosl 76,210,007 16.2 6.6
KarnalaIa 52,850,562 16.2 6.6
Goa 1,347,668 1.8 0.0
IaIsladvoop 60,650 0.0 94.5
INDIA 2011
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-- -
KoraIa 31,841,374 9.8 1.1
TamiI Nadu 62,405,679 19.0 1.0
Iuduclorry 974,345 16.2 0.0
A&N IsIand 356,152 0.0 8.3
-- - --
- -
- vlo inlabil in India aro Abors-ArunaclaI Iradosl, Assam, Adi,
Apalami-ArunaclaI Iradosl, Angami, Ao-NagaIand, Badagas-TamiI Nadu, Baiga-MI,
Rajasllan, Gujaral, BliIs-MI, Gujaral, Rajasllan, Blolias-UI (GarlvaI and Kumaon),
Blulias-SiIIim, Birlor-Bilar, Bodos-Assam, Clonclus-AI, Odisla, Clulia-Assam,
Dangs-Gujaral, Gaddis-HI, Garos-MoglaIaya, Gonds-MI, Bilar, Odisla, AI, Groal
Andamanoso-Andaman Is., IruIas-TamiI Nadu, }ainlias-MoglaIaya, }aravas-IillIo
Andamans, Kanis-KoraIa, Kaclaris, Karbi-Assam, Klampli-ArunaclaI Iradosl, Klasis-
MoglaIaya, Assam, Klonds-Odisla, KoI-MI, Kolas-TamiI Nadu, KuIi-Manipur,
Iopclas or Rongpa-SiIIim, Iuslais-Tripura, Moilois-Manipur, NagaIand, Mina-
Rajasllan, Miri-ArunaclaI Iradosl, Misling-Assam, Murias-MI, MiIirs-Assam,
Mundas-Bilar, Oarons-Bilar, Odisla, Ongos-IillIo Anda-mans, Rablas-Assam,
Rongma-NagaIand, SanllaIs-W.BongaI, Bilar, Soma-NagaIand, SonlinoIosso-Andaman
& Nicobar Is., Slompons-Groal Nicobar Is., Tagin-ArunaclaI Iradosl, Todas-TamiI
Nadu, UraIis-KoraIa, ZoIiang-NagaIand.
INDIAN LANGUAGES
AIllougl Hindi is llo nalionaI Ianguago, India is boIiovod lo lavo 1652 mollor longuos
of vlicl 33 aro spoIon by poopIo numboring ovor a IaIl. Tlo officiaIIy rocognisod
Ianguagos aro 22. In facl, IngIisl is vidoIy spoIon and porlaps llo IinI bolvoon Norll
and Soull India.
Schedule Languages
A scloduIo llo 8ll ScloduIo vas addod lo llo Conslilulion lo indicalo aII rogionaI
Ian-guagos slaluloriIy rocognisod. Tlo ScloduIo originaIIy conlainod 14 Ianguagos as
foIIovs: (1) Assamoso, (2) BongaIi, (3) Gujarali, (4) Hindi, (5) Kannada, (6) Kaslmiri, (7)
MaIayaIam, (8) Maralli, (9) Oriya, (10) Iunjabi, (11) SansIril, (12) TamiI, (13) ToIugu, (14)
Urdu.
Sindli vas addod in 1962. By llo 71sl Amondmonl lo llo Conslilulion, KonIani,
Manipuri and NopaIi voro addod lo llo Iisl in 1992. In 2003, four moro Ianguagos,
voro addod: Bodo, Dogri, MailliIi and SanllaIi. (92nd Amondmonl)
INDIA 2011
23
--
-

Hindi 20,85,14,005 26,45,14,117 33,72,72,114 38.04 38.71 39.85
BongaIi 4,47,92,312 5,12,98,319 6,95,95,738 8.17 7.51 8.22
ToIugu 4,47,56,923 5,06,24,611 6,60,17,615 8.16 7.41 7.80
Maralli 4,17,65,190 4,94,52,922 6,24,81,681 7.62 7.24 7.38
TamiI 3,76,90,106 N.A. 5,30,06,368 6.88 N.A. 6.26
Urdu 2,86,20,895 3,49,41,435 4,34,06,932 5.22 5.11 5.13
Gujarali 2,58,65,012 3,30,63,267 4,06,73,814 4,72 4.84 4.81
Kannada 2,17,10,649 2,56,97,146 3,27,53,676 3.96 3.76 3.87
MaIayaIam 2,19,38,760 2,57,00,705 3,03,77,176 4.00 3.76 3.59
Oriya 1,98,63,198 2,30,21,528 2,80,61,313 3.62 3.37 3.32
Iunjabi 1,41,08,443 1,96,11,199 2,33,78,744 2.57 2.87 2.76
Assamoso 89,59,558 N.A. 1,30,79,696 1.63 N.A. 1.55
Sindli 16,76,875 20,44,389 21,22,848 0.31 0.30 0.25
NopaIi 14,19,835 13,60,636 20,76,645 0.26 0.20 0.25
KonIani 15,08,432 15,70,108 17,60,607 0.28 0.23 0.21
Manipuri 7,91,714 9,01,407 12,70,216 0.14 0.13 0.15
Kaslmiri 24,95,487 31,76,975 N.A. 0.46 0.46 N.A
SansIril 2,212 6,106 49,736 N.A N.A 0.01.
- - --
-- --
Quick Facts
Iargosl SlaloRajasllan (342,239 sq Im)
SmaIIosl SlaloGoa (3,702 sq Im)
Iargosl Union Torrilory Andaman & NicobarIsIands (8,249 sq Im)
SmaIIosl Union Torrilory IaIsladvoop (32 sq Im)
Iargosl Dislricl Kaclcll (Gujaral) (45,652 sq Im)
SmaIIosl Dislricl Malo (Iondiclorry) (9 sq Im)
Slalo vill liglosl proporlion of Urban IopuIalionGoa (49.76)
Slalo vill Iovosl proporlion of Urban IopuIalionHimaclaI Iradosl (9.30)
UT vill liglosl proporlion of Urban IopuIalion DoIli (93.18)
UT vill Iovosl proporlion of Urban IopuIalion Dadra & Nagar HavoIi (22.89)
INDIA 2011
24
- -- - -
Slalo vill Higlosl Iiloracy Ralo KoraIa (90.9) KoraIa (94.2) KoraIa (87.7)
Slalo vill Iovosl Iiloracy Ralo Bilar (47.0) Bilar (59.7) Bilar (33.1)
UT vill Higlosl Iiloracy Ralo IaIsladvoop IaIsladvoop IaIsladvoop
(86.7) (92.5) (80.5)
UT vill Iovosl Iiloracy Ralo Dadra & Nagar Dadra & Nagar Dadra & Nagar
HavoIi (57.6) HavoIi (71.2) HavoIi (40.2)
Dislricl vill Higlosl Iiloracy Ralo AizvaI, Mizoram Malo, Iondiclorry AizvaI, Mizoram
(96.5) (97.6) (96.26)
Dislricl vill Iovosl Iiloracy Ralo Danlovada Danlovada Slravasli UI (7.7)
Cllallisgarl Cllallisgarl
(30.17) (39.75)
--
INDIA 2011
25
NATIONAL EMBLEM
Tlo slalo ombIom of India is an adaplalion from llo Sarnall Iion,
capilaI of AsloIa llo Imporor as prosorvod in llo Sarnall Musoum.
Tlo Govornmonl adoplod llo ombIom on 26ll }anuary, 1950, llo
day vlon India bocamo a ropubIic.
In llo originaI of Samall CapilaI, lloro aro four Iions, slanding
bacI lo bacI, mounlod on an abacus vill a friozo carrying scuIpluro
in ligl roIiof of an oIoplanl, a gaIIoping lorso, a buII and a Iion
soparalod by inlorvoning vlooIs (-) ovor a boII-slapod Iolus.
Carvod oul of a singIo bIocI of poIislod sandslono, llo CapilaI
is crovnod by llo WlooI of llo Iav ( )
In llo slalo ombIom adoplod by llo Govornmonl onIy llroo Iions aro visibIo, llo
fourll boing liddon from viov. Tlo vlooI appoars in roIiof in llo conlro of llo abacus
vill a buII on llo rigll and a lorso on llo Iofl and llo oulIinos of llo ollor vlooIs
on llo oxlromo rigll and Iofl.
Tlo vords, from llo MundaIa Upanislad moaning Trull aIono
lriumpls, aro inscribod boIov llo abacus in Dovanagari scripl.
NATIONAL FLAG
Tlo NalionaI IIag is a lorizonlaI lri-coIour of doop saffron
(Kosari) al llo lop, vlilo in llo middIo and darI groon al llo
bollom in oquaI proporlion.
Tlo ralio of llo vidll of llo fIag lo ils Iongll is lvo lo llroo.
In llo conlro of llo vlilo band is a vlooI, in navy bIuo. Ils
National Symbols
2
INDIA 2011
26
dosign is llal of llo vlooI (ClaIra) vlicl appoars on llo abacus of llo Sarnall Iion
CapilaI of AsloIa. Ils diamolor approximalos llo vidll of llo vlilo band. Il las
24 spoIos.
Tlo dosign of llo NalionaI IIag vas adoplod by llo Consliluonl AssombIy of India
on 22nd }uIy, 1947. Ils uso and dispIay aro roguIalod by a codo.
NATIONAL ANTHEM
Rabindranall Tagoros song }ana-gana-mana vas adoplod by llo
Consliluonl AssombIy as llo NalionaI Anllom of India on 24ll }an.,
1950 and gavo Vando Malaramllo nalionaI song oquaI lonour.
Il vas firsl sung on 27ll Doc., 1911 al llo CaIculla sossion of llo Indian
NalionaI Congross.
Tlo firsl slanza (oul of 5 slanzas) of llo song forms llo NalionaI
Anllom. IIaying limo of llo fuII vorsion of llo nalionaI anllom
is approximaloIy 52 soconds. A slorlor vorsion consisling of llo firsl and Iasl Iinos
of llo slanza laIos 20 soconds lo pIay and il is pIayod onIy on corlain occasions.
Tlo foIIoving is Tagoros IngIisl rondoring of llo slanza:
Il ocloos in llo liIIs of llo Vindlyas and HimaIayas, mingIos in llo music of llo
}amuna and llo Gangos and is clanlod by llo vavos of llo Indian Soa.
Tlou disponsor of Indias dosliny, Viclory, viclory, viclory lo lloo.
INDIA 2011
27
NATIONAL SONG
Tlo song Vando Malaram composod by BanIim-Clandra Clallorji las an oquaI slalus
vill }ana-gana-mana.
Tlo firsl poIilicaI occasion vlon il vas sung vas llo 1896 sossion of llo INC.
IngIisl lransIalion of llo slanza rondorod by Sri Aurobindo (in Sri Aurobindo Birll
Conlonary Iibrary IopuIar Idilion 1972, voI. 8), is
NATIONAL CALENDAR
Al llo limo of indopondonco, llo Govl. of India foIIovod llo Grogorian caIondar
basod on llo Clrislian ora.
Tlo NalionaI Govornmonl adoplod llo rocommondalion of llo CaIondar Roform
Commilloo llal llo SaIa ora bo adoplod as llo basis of llo NalionaI CaIondar.
Tlo yoar las llo normaI 365 days and bogins vill Clailra as ils firsl
monll.
Tlo NalionaI CaIondar commoncod on Clailra 1 SaIa, 1879 corrosponding lo Marcl
22, 1957 A.D.
Tlo monlls of llo NalionaI CaIondar, vill lloir days and llo dalos of llo Grogorian
CaIondar corrosponding lo llo firsl day of llo SaIa monll aro givon boIov:
INDIA 2011
28

1 Clailra 30/31 days Marcl 22/21
1 VaislaIa 31 ApriI 21
1 }yaslla 31 May 22
1 Asadla 31 }uno 22
1 Sravana 31 }uIy 23
1 Bladra 31 Aug. 23
1 Asvina 30 Sopl. 23
1 KarliIa 30 Ocl. 23
1 Margasira 30 Nov. 22
1 Iausa 30 Doc. 22
1 Magla 30 }an. 21
1 IlaIguna 30 Iob. 20
NATIONAL FLOWER
Iolus (NoIumbo Nucipora Gaorln) is llo NalionaI IIovor of
India.
Irom aboul 70 porconl goograplicaI aroa survoyod so far,
47,000 spocios of pIanls lavo boon doscribod by llo BolanicaI
Survoy of India (BSI).
NATIONAL ANIMAL
Tlo combinalion of graco, slrongll, agiIily and onormous
povor las oarnod llo ligor, Ianllora ligris, ils prido of pIaco
as llo nalionaI animaI of India.
To clocI llo dvindIing popuIalion of ligors in India, Irojocl
Tigor vas Iaunclod in ApriI 1973. So far, 27 ligor rosorvos
lavo boon oslabIislod in llo counlry undor llis projocl,
covoring an aroa of 37,761 sq Im.
NATIONAL RIVER
Tlo Ganga or Gangos is llo Iongosl rivor of India fIoving ovor 2,510 Ims of mounlains,
vaIIoys and pIains. Il originalos in llo snovfioIds of llo Gangolri GIacior in llo HimaIayas
as llo Blagiralli Rivor. Il is Ialor joinod by ollor rivors sucl as llo AIaInanda, Yamuna,
Son, Gumli, Kosi and Glagra.
INDIA 2011
29
NATIONAL TREE
Indian fig lroo, Iicus bongaIonsis, vloso branclos rool
llomsoIvos IiIo nov lroos ovor a Iargo aroa. Tlo rools llon givo
riso lo moro lrunIs and branclos. Bocauso of llis claraclorislic
and ils Iongovily, llis lroo is considorod immorlaI and is an
inlograI parl of llo mylls and Iogonds of India.
NATIONAL FRUIT
Mangifora indica, llo mango lroo is ono of llo mosl imporlanl and
vidoIy cuIlivalod fruil lroos of llo lropicaI vorId.
NATIONAL BIRD
Tlo Indian poacocI, Iavo crislalus, llo nalionaI bird of India,
is a coIourfuI bird, vill boaulifuI voIvol foallors and a sIondor
nocI.
Tlo danco of llo maIo fanning oul llo laiI and prooning ils foallors
is a gorgoous sigll.
NATIONAL SPORTS
HocIoy is Indias nalionaI gamo. India von llo firsl OIympic locIoy goId in 1928,
in Amslordam, boaling Tlo Noll-orIands 3-0.
INDIAN STANDARD TIME (IST)
India las onIy ono slandard limo. India is 5.5 lours aload of CMT/UTC, 4.5 lours
bolind AuslraIian Iaslorn Slandard Timo and 10.5 lours aload of AmoricaI Iaslorn
Slandard Timo.
INDIA 2011
30
India gol Indopondonco on 15ll Augusl, 1947. INDIA, a Union of Slalos, is a Sovoroign
SociaIisl SocuIar Domocralic RopubIic vill a parIiamonlary syslom of govornmonl.
On 26ll Nov., 1949 llo consliluonl assombIy adoplod llo conslilulion draflod by il
vlicl camo inlo forco on 26ll }an., 1950.
Tlo Conslilulion vlicl onvisagos parIiamonlary form of govornmonl is fodoraI in
slrucluro vill unilary foaluros. Tlo Irosidonl is llo load of llo slalo vliIo I.M. is
llo load of govornmonl.
India comprisos 28 Slalos and sovon Union Torrilorios.
Tlo Conslilulion of India providos for a singIo cilizonslip for llo vloIo of India.
Ivory porson vlo vas al llo commoncomonl of llo Conslilulion (26 }anuary, 1950)
domiciIod in llo lorrilory of India and:
(a) vlo vas born in India, or
(b) oillor of vloso paronls vas born in India, or
(c) vlo las boon ordinariIy rosidonl in India for nol Ioss llan fivo yoars bocamo
a cilizon of India.
- , doaIs vill mallors roIaling lo acquisilion, dolorminalion
and lorminalion of Indian cilizonslip aflor llo commoncomonl of llo Conslilulion.
109ll Amondmonl BiII, 2009. Il sooIs oxlonsion of Rosorvalion of Soals for llo
scloduIod caslos and scloduIod lribos in llo IoI Sabla and slalo AssombIios for
anollor 10 yoars.
Tlo conslilulion confors somo basic riglls lo ils cilizons caIIod as fundamonlaI riglls. Somo
of llom aro aIso avaiIabIo lo aIions. Tloso aro jusliciabIo in naluro. Undor ArlicIo 32 ono
can go lo supromo courl or undor ArlicIo 226 lo ligl courl in caso of vioIalion. Tloso
3
IndianPolity
INDIA 2011
31
aro undor parl III of llo conslilulion and dividod inlo six parls from ArlicIo 12 lo 35 lloso
riglls aro laIon from USA.
Tloro aro somo dulios aIso vlicl aro laIon from USSR. Tloy aro incorporalod by
42ndamondmonl 1976. ArlicIo 51 A conlainod in Iarl IVAof llo conslilulion.originaIIy
lloy aro 10 in numbor bul 86ll amondmonl 2002 maIo il 11.
Tlo Conslilulion Iays dovn corlain Diroclivo IrincipIos of Slalo IoIicy, vlicl llougl
nol jusliciabIo, aro fundamonlaI in govornanco of llo counlry and il is llo duly of llo
Slalo lo appIy lloso principIos in maIing Iavs. Tloso Iay dovn llal llo Slalo slaII slrivo
lo promolo llo voIfaro of poopIo by socuring and prolocling as offoclivoIy as il may
a sociaI ordorin vlicl juslicosociaI, oconomic and poIilicaIslaII formin aII inslilulions
of nalionaI Iifo. Il is laIon from IroIand and is onumoralod in parl IV of llo conslilulion.
Tlo Union oxoculivo consisls of llo Irosidonl, llo Vico-Irosidonl and llo CounciI
of Minislors vill llo Irimo Minislor as llo load lo aid and adviso llo Irosidonl.
Tlo Irosidonl is oIoclod by an oIocloraI coIIogo consisling of oIoclod mombors of boll
Housos of IarIiamonl and IogisIalivo AssombIios of llo slalos in accordanco vill
llo syslom of proporlionaI roprosonlalion by moans of singIo lransforabIo volo.
Irosidonl musl bo a cilizon of India, nol Ioss llan 35 yoars of ago and quaIifiod for
oIoclion as mombor of llo IoI Sabla. His lorm of offico is fivo yoars and lo is oIigibIo
for ro-oIoclion.
Ho can docIaro omoromgoncy, announco var, givo pardon, rospilo olc. and promuIgalo
ordinanco.
Tlo Vico-Irosidonl is oIoclod by mombors of an oIocloraI coIIogo consisling of mombors
of boll Housos of IarIiamonl in accordanco vill llo syslom of proporlionaI
roprosonlalion by moans of singIo lransforabIo volo. Ho musl bo a cilizon of India,
nol Ioss llan 35 yoars of ago and oIigibIo for oIoclion as a mombor of llo Rajya Sabla.
His lorm of offico is fivo yoars and lo is oIigibIo for ro-oIoclion. Tlo Vico-Irosidonl
is ox-officio Clairman of llo Rajya Sabla and acls as Irosidonl vlon llo Iallor is
unabIo lo disclargo lis funclions duo lo absonco, iIInoss or any ollor causo or liII
llo oIoclion of a nov Irosidonl.
Tloro is a CounciI of Minislor loadod by llo Irimo Minislor, lo aid and adviso llo
Irosidonl in oxorciso of lis funclions (74(1)). Tlo Irimo Minislor is appoinlod by llo
Irosidonl vlo aIso appoinls ollor minislors on llo advico of Irimo Minislor. Tlo
CounciI of Minislor is (COM) is coIIoclivoIy rosponsibIo lo llo IoI Sabla. I.M. is
llo IinI bolvoon COM and Irosidonl.
IogisIaluro of llo Union vlicl is caIIod IarIiamonl, consisls of Irosidonl and lvo
Housos IoI Sabla (I.S.) and Rajya Sabla (R.S.).
Conslilulion providos for 250 mombors in Rajya Sabla, al prosonl, las 245 soals. of
lloso, 233 mombors roprosonl llo Slalos and llo Union Torrilorios and 12 mombors
aro nominalod by llo Irosidonl.
Tlo IoI Sabla is composod of roprosonlalivos of poopIo closon by dirocl oIoclion on
llo basis of aduIl suffrago. Tlo maximum slrongll of llo Houso onvisagod by llo
INDIA 2011
32
Conslilulion is nov 552 (530 mombors lo roprosonl llo Slalos, 20 mombors lo roprosonl
llo Union Torrilorios and nol moro llan lvo mombors of llo AngIo-Indian communily
lo bo nominalod by llo Irosidonl). Tlo IoI Sabla al prosonl consisls of 545 mombors.
LIST OF THE MINISTRIES (SOURCE: INDIA 2011)
- -
(i) Doparlmonl of AgricuIluro and Co-oporalion (Krisli aur SalIarila Viblag)
(ii) Doparlmonl of AgricuIluraI Rosoarcl and Iducalion (Krisli auro SliIsla Viblag)
(iii) Doparlmonl of AnimaI Husbandry and Dairying (IaslupaIan aur Dairy Viblag)
- - - -
(i) Doparlmonl of ClomicaIs andIolro-ClomicaIs (Rasayan aur Iolro-Rasayan Viblag)
(ii) Doparlmonl of IorliIizors (UrvaraI Viblag)
(iii) Doparlmonl of IlarmacoulicaIs
-
-
- -
(i) Doparlmonl of Commorco (Vanijya Viblag)
(ii) Doparlmonl of InduslriaI IoIicy and Iromolion (AudyogiI Nili aur Samvardlan
Viblag)
- -

(i) Doparlmonl of ToIocommunicalions (Doorsanclar Viblag)
(ii) Doparlmonl of Iosl (DaI Viblag)
(iii) Doparlmonl of Informalion ToclnoIogy (Sooclana IraudyogiIi Viblag)
- - - - (UbloIla MamIo,
Kladya aur SarvajaniI Vilaran NanlraIaya)
(i) Doparlmonl of Consumor Affairs (UpbloIla MamIo Viblag)
(ii) Doparlmonl of Ioodand IubIic Dislribulion (Kladya aur SarvajaniI Vilaran Viblag)
- -
- -
- -
(i) Doparlmonl of Dofonco (RaIsla Viblag)
(ii) Doparlmonl of Dofonco Iroduclion (RaIsla Ulpadan aur Aapoorli Viblag)
(iii) Doparlmonl of Dofonco Rosoarcl and DovoIopmonl (RaIsla Anusandlan aur
ViIas Viblag)
(iv) Doparlmonl of Ix-sorvicomon voIfaro
- - - -
- - -
INDIA 2011
33
-
(i) Doparlmonl of Iconomic Affairs (ArlliI Karya Viblag)
(ii) Doparlmonl of Ixpondiluro (Vyaya Viblag)
(iii) Doparlmonl of Rovonuo (Rajasvas Viblag)
(iv) Doparlmonl of IinanciaI Sorvicos (Villiya Sovayon Viblag)
(v) Doparlmonl of Disinvoslmonl
- -- -- --
- -
(i) Doparlmonl of HoaIll andIamiIyWoIfaro (Svasllya aur Iarivar KaIyan ManlraIyaya)
(ii) Doparlmonl of Ayurvoda, Yoga-Naluropally, Unani, Siddla and Homooopally
(AYUSH) (Ayurvoda, Yoga-IraIriliI CliIilsa Iaddlali, Unani, Siddla aur
Homooopally Viblag)
(iii) Doparlmonl of AIDS ConlroI
(iv) Doparlmonl of HoaIll Rosoarcl
- -- --
(i) Doparlmonl of Hoavy Induslrios (Blari Udyog Viblag)

(ii) Doparlmonl of IubIic Inlorprisos (IoI Udyam Viblag)
- -
(i) Doparlmonl of InlornaI Socurily (AnlariI Surasla Viblag)
(ii) Doparlmonl of Slalos (Rajya Viblag)
(iii) Doparlmonl of OfficiaI Ianguago (Raj Blasla Viblag)
(iv) Doparlmon of Homo (Gril Viblag)
(v) Doparlmonl of }ammu and Kaslmir Affairs (}ammu lalla Kaslmir Viblag)
(vi) Doparlmonl of Bordor Managomonl (Sooma Irabandlan Viblag)
- - -
-
- - - -
(i) Doparlmonl of SclooI Iducalion and Iiloracy (SclooI SliIsla aur SaIslarla Viblag)
(ii) Doparlmonl of Higlor Iducalion (Uclclalam SliIsla Viblag)
- - -
-
- -
(i) Doparlmonl of IogaI Affairs (Vidli Karya Viblag)
(ii) Doparlmonl of IogisIalivo (Vidli Viblag)
(iii) Doparlmonl of }uslico (Nyaya Viblag)
- -- (SuIslma Iaglu aur Madlyam
Udyam ManlraIya)
INDIA 2011
34
- -
- - -
-
- -- - -
-
- - -
- - - --
-
(i) Doparlmonl of IorsonnoI and Training (KarmiI aur IrasliIslan Viblag)
(ii) Doparlmonl of IorsonnoI and Ionsionors WoIfaro (Ionsion aur Ionsion Blogi
KaIyav Viblag)
(iii) Doparlmonl of Adminislralivo Roforms and IubIic Griovanco (IraslasniI Sudlar
and IoI SliIayal Viblag)
- - -
-
- -
- - -
- -
(i) Doparlmonl of RuraI DovoIomponl (Gramin ViIas ManlraIaya)
(ii) Doparlmonl of Iand Rosourcos (Blumi Sansadlan Viblag)
(iii) Doparlmonl of DrinIing Walor SuppIy (Ioya }aI Ioorli Viblag)
-
(i) Doparlmonl of Scionco and ToclnoIogy (Vigyan aur IraudyogiIi Viblag)
(ii) Doparlmonl of Scionlific andInduslriaI Rosoarcl (Vigyan aur AudyogiIAnusandlan
Viblag)
(iii) Doparlmonl of Bio-ToclnoIogy (BioloclnoIogy Viblag)
-
- -
- --

- -
- - -
- -
- -
- -
- -- -
INDIA 2011
35
- -
- - -
(i) Doparlmonl of Youll Affairs
(ii) Doparlmonls of Sporls
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT (INDEPENDENT DEPARTMENTS)
Doparlmonl of Alomic Inorgy (Iarmanu Oorja Viblag)
Doparlmonl of Spaco (AnlriIsl Viblag)
APEX/INDEPENDENT OFFICE
IIanning Commission (Yojana Ayog)
Cabinol Socrolarial (ManlrimandaI SaclivaIaya)
Irosidonls Socrolarial (Rasllrapali SaclivaIaya)
Irimo Minislors Offico (Iradlan Manlri KaryaIaya)
- - -
I Tlo Union and ils Torrilory 1-4
II Cilizonslip 5-11
III IundamonlaI Riglls 12-35
IV Diroclivo IrincipIos of Slalo IoIicy 36-51
IVA IundamonlaI Dulios 51A
V Tlo Union Govornmonl 52-151
Claplor I Tlo Ixoculivo 52-78
Claplor II IarIiamonl 79-122
Claplor III IogisIalivo Iovors of Irosidonl 123
Claplor IV Tlo Union }udiciary 124-147
Claplor V CAG 148-151
VI Tlo Slalo Govornmonl 152-237
Claplor I GonoraI 152
Claplor II Tlo Ixoculivo 153-16
Claplor III Tlo Slalo IogisIaluro 168-212
Claplor IV IogisIalivo Iovor of Govornor 213
Claplor V Tlo Higl Courls 214-231
Claplor VI Subordinalo Courls 233-237
VII Tlo Slalos in Iarl B of llo Iirsl ScloduIo (RopoaIod) 238
VIII Tlo Union Torrilorios 239-242
INDIA 2011
36
IX Tlo Ianclayals 243-243(O)
IXA Tlo MunicipaIilios 243(I)-243(ZG)
X Tlo ScloduIod and TribaI Aroas 244-255(A)
XI RoIalions bolvoon llo Union and llo Slalos
Claplor I IogisIalivo RoIalions 245-255
Claplor II Adminislralivo RoIalions 256-263
XII Iinanco, Iroporly, Conlracls and Suils 264-300(A)
Claplor I Iinanco 264-291
Claplor II Borroving 292-293
Claplor III Iroporly, Conlracls, Riglls, IiabiIilios, 294-300
ObIigalions and Suils
Claplor IV Rigll lo Iroporly 300A
XIII Trado, Commorco and Inlorcourso villin llo Torrilory of
India 301-30
XIV Sorvicos undor llo Union and llo Slalos 308-323
Claplor II IubIic Sorvico Commission 315-323
XIVA TribunaIs 323(A)-323(B)
XV IIoclions 324-329
XVI SpociaI Irovisions RoIaling lo Corlain CIassos IiIo SCs, 330-342
STs, OBCs and AngIo-Indians
XVII OfficiaI Ianguago 343-351
Claplor I Ianguago of llo Union 343-344
Claplor II RogionaI Ianguagos 345-347
Claplor III Ianguago of llo Supromo Courl,
Higl Courls, and so on
Claplor IV SpociaI Diroclivos 350-351
XVIII Imorgoncy Irovisions 352-360
XIX MiscoIIanoous 361-367
XX Amondmonl of llo Conslilulion 368
XXI Tomporary, TransilionaI and SpociaI Irovisions 369-392
XXII Slorl lilIo, Commoncomonl, Aullorilalivo Toxl in 393-395
Hindi and RopoaIs
INDIA 2011
37
- -
16 IquaIily of Opporlunily in mallors of IubIic ompIoymonl.
40 Organisalion of ViIIago Ianclayals.
43A Iarlicipalion of vorIors in managomonl of induslrios
46 Iromolion of odualionaI and oconomic inlorosls of scloduIod caslos, scloduIod
lribos and ollor voaIor soclions.
48A Iroloclion and improvomonl of onvironmonl and safoguarding of forosls and viId
Iifo.
49 Iroloclion of Monumonls and pIacos and objocls of nalionaI imporlanco.
50 Soparalion of judiciary and oxoculivo.
51 Iromolion of inlornalionaI poaco and socurily.
72 Iovor of Irosidonl lo granl pardons, olc., and lo suspond, romil or commulo sonloncos
in corlain casos.
74 CounciI of Minislors lo aid and adviso Irosidonl.
77 Conducl of llo businoss of llo govornmonl of India.
78 Dulios of IM vill rogards lo llo furnisling of informalion lo llo Irosidonl olc.
109 Dofinilion of Monoy BiIIs.
112 AnnuaI IinanciaI Slalomonl (Budgol).
123 Iovor of Irosidonl lo promuIgalo Ordinancos during (IarIiamonlary rocoss.)
143 Iovor of Irosidonl lo consuIl Supromo Courl.
148 ComplroIIor and Audilor-GonoraI of India.
149 Dulios and Iovors of llo CAG.
150 Iorm of accounls of llo Union and of llo Slalos.
161 Iovor of Govornor lo granl pardons, olc., and lo suspond, romil or commulo sonloncos
in corlain casos.
163 CounciI of Minislors lo aid and adviso Govornor.
166 Conducl of businoss of llo Govornmonl of a slalo.
167 Dulios of CM vill rogards lo llo furnisling of informalin lo Govornor, olc.
169 AboIilion or croalion of IogisIalivo CounciI.
201 BiIIs rosorvod by llo Govornor for considoralion of llo Irosidonl.
213 Iovor of Govornmonl lo promuIgalo ordinancos during rocoss of IogisIaluro.
226 Iovor of Higl Courl lo issuo corlain vrils.
249 Iovor of IarIiamonl lo IogisIalo rogarding mallors in llo Slalo Iisl in llo nalionaI
inlorosl.
INDIA 2011
38
- -
263 Irovisions vill rospocl lo an inlorslalo counciI.
275 Granls from llo Union lo corlain slalos.
280 Iinanco Commission.
281 Rocommondalions of llo Iinanco Commission.
309 Rocruilmonl and condilions of sorvico of porsons sorving llo Union or slalo.
310 Tonuro of offico of porsons sorving llo Union or a slalo.
311 DismissaI, romovaI or roduclion in ranI of porsons ompIoyod in civiI capacilios
undor llo Union or a slalo.
312 AII India Sorvicos.
315 ISC for llo Union and for llo slalos.
320 Iunclions of IubIic Sorvico Commissions.
323 Roporls of IubIic Sorvico Commissions.
323A Adminislralivo TribunaIs.
324 IIoclion Commission
338 NalionaI Commission for SCs and STs.
340 Appoinlmonl of a commission lo invosligalo llo condilions of bacIvard cIassos.
343 OfficiaI Ianguago of llo Union.
344 Commission and commilloo of IarIiamonl on officiaI Ianguago.
350A Inslruclions in mollor-longuo al primary slago.
350B SpociaI officor for Iinguislic minorilios.
352 IrocIamalion of NalionaI Imorgoncy.
356 Irovisions in caso of faiIuro of conslilulionaI maclinory in slalos (Irosidonls RuIo).
360 Irovisions as lo IinanciaI Imorgoncy.
365 Iffocl of faiIuro lo compIy vill or lo givo offocl lo diroclions givon by llo union
(Irosidonls RuIo).
368 Iovor of IarIiamonl lo amond llo Conslilulion and procoduro lloroof.
370 Tomporary provisions vill rospocl lo llo slalo of }ammu and Kaslmir.
SCHEDULES OF THE CONSTITUTION
- Tlo slalos and llo UTs.
Irovisions roIaling lo llo omoIumonls, aIIovancos, priviIogos and
so on.
Iorms of Oalls or Affirmalion
INDIA 2011
39
INDIA 2011
40
(b) Assorlod llo primacy of DISI ovor RS.
(c) Incorporalod IundamonlaI Dulios of llo cilizons in llo Conslilulion.
(d) Assorlod IarIiamonls supromacy rogarding amondmonl of llo Conslilulion.
(o) Aullorisod llo Irosidonl lo maIo procIamalion of Imorgoncy oillor in rospocl
of any parl of llo counlry or lo llo vloIo of India.
(f) Mado il obIigalory for llo Irosidonl lo acl on llo advico of CounciI of Minislors.
- Romovo somo of llo irrilanls of llo 42nd
amondmonl.
(a) Clangos in llo Imorgoncy provisions lo onsuro llal lloso povors voro nol
misusod by llo oxoculivos in llo fuluro.
(b) Roslorod lo llo courls llo povor lo docido vlollor an offico vas an offico of profil.
(c) Aullorisod llo Irosidonl lo rofor bacI a mallor lo llo couciI of minislors for
roconsidoralion bul mado il binding on lim lo acl on llo advico londorod aflor
sucl roconsidoralion.
(d) Rigll lo Iroporly nov docIarod a IogaI rigll.
(o) Il roslorod lo llo courls llo povor lo docido dispulos rogarding oIoclion of IM
and SpoaIor, olc. (}udiciaI roviov roslorod).
- IncIudod 14 Iand roforms Acls in llo ninll
scloduIo.
- - Rosorvalion of soals in IS for STs in MoglaIaya,
NagaIand, ArunaclaI Iradosl and Mizoram. SimiIar rosorvalion vas aIso providod
in llo IogisIalivo assombIios of NagaIand and MoglaIaya.
- Curbod poIilicaI dofoclions.
- Irovidod nov Slalo AssombIy for ArunaclaI
Iradosl.
- - Roducod llo voling ago from 21 yoars lo 18
yoars for llo IS as voII as assombIy oIoclions.
- Slalulory slalus lo llo NalionaI Commission
for SCs and STs.
- ConslilulionaI slalus lo Ianclayali Raj.
- ConslilulionaI slalus lo municipaIilios.
- Incroasod llo ovoraII slaro of llo slalos in
llo rovonuo uplo 26 as por rocommondalions of 10ll IC.
- SooIs lo oxlond assombIios across llo
counlry uplo 2026.
- Iroo and compuIsory oducalion for aII
cliIdron bolvoon llo ago of 614 yoars.
- Iiguros of 2001 vouId ropIaco figuros of
1991.
INDIA 2011
41
- Taxos on Sorvicos.
- NalionaI Commission for ScloduIod Caslo
and NalionaI Commission for ScloduIod Tribos croalod.
- - Roslricl cabinol sizo lo 15 of IogisIalivo
mombors and lo slrongllon Anli-Doloclion Iavs.
- To provido for a Minislor of TribaI WoIfaro
in novIy croalod }larIland and Clallisgarl slalos.
- Tlo slalo can maIo Iavs for llo advancomonl
of llo SC, ST or llo OBCs of cilizons in mallors of admission lo oducalionaI inslilulions
incIuding privalo unaidod inslilulion.
- In ArlicIo 164 of llo conslilulion, in cIauso
(1) in llo provision, for llo vord Bilar llo vords Clallisgarl, }larIland slaII
bo subslilulod.
REPRESENTATION OF STATES AND UNION TERRITORIES
Andlra Iradosl 42 18 ArunaclaI Iradosl 2 1
Assam 14 7 Bilar 40 16
}larIland 14 6 Goa 2 1
Gujaral 26 11 Haryana 10 5
HimaclaI Iradosl 4 3 }ammu & Kaslmir 6 4
KarnalaIa 28 12 KoraIa 20 9
Madlya Iradosl 29 11 Clallisgarl 11 5
Malarasllra 48 19 Manipur 2 1
MoglaIaya 2 1 Mizoram 1 1
NagaIand 1 1 Odisla 21 10
Iunjab 13 7 Rajasllan 25 10
SiIIim 1 1 TamiI Nadu 39 18
Tripura 2 1 Ullar Iradosl 80 31
UllaranclaI 5 3 Wosl BongaI 42 16
Andaman & Nicobar 1 - Clandigarl 1 -
Dadra & Nagar HavoIi 1 - Daman & Diu 1 -
DoIli 7 3 IaIsladvoop 1 -
Iuduclorry 1 1
INDIA 2011
42
TABLE OF PRECEDENCE (GOVERNMENT OF INDIA)
1. Irosidonl of India
2. Vico Irosidonl of India
3. Irimo Minislor of India
4. Govornors of Slalos villin lloir rospoclivo slalos
5. Iormor Irosidonls
5a. Dopuly Irimo Minislor
6. Cliof }uslico of India, SpoaIor of IoI Sabla
7. Cabinol Minislors of llo Union, Cliof Minislors of Slalos villin lloir rospoclivo
slalos, Dy. Clairman-IIanning Commission, Iormor Irimo Minislors: Ioadors
Opposilion in Rajya Sabla and IoI Sabla
7a. HoIdors of Blaral Ralna docoralion
8. Ambassadors oxlraordinary and pIonipolonliary and Higl Commissionors of
CommonvoaIll counlrios accrodilod lo India. Cliof Minislors of slalos oulsido lloir
rospoclivo slalos, Govornors of slalos oulsido lloir rospoclivo slalos.
9. }udgos of llo Supromo Courls.
9a. Cliof IIoclion Commissionor, ComplroIIor and Audilor-GonoraI
10. Dy. Clairman Rajya Sabla, Dy. Cliof Minislors of slalos, Dy. SpoaIor IoI Sabla,
Mombors IIanning Commission, Minislors of Slalo of llo Union and any ollor
minislor in llo Minislry of Dofonco for Dofonco mallors.
11. Allornoy-GonoraI of India, Cabinol Socrolary, Il. Govornors villin lloir rospoclivo
Union Torrilorios.
12. Cliofs of Slaff loIding llo ranI of fuII GonoraI or oquivaIonl ranI.
13. Invoys oxlraordinary and minislors pIonipolonliaI accodilod lo India.
14. Clairman and SpoaIor of slalo IogisIaluros villin lloir rospoclivo slalos, Cliof }uslico
of Higl Courls villin lloir rospoclivo jurisdiclion.
15. Cabinol Minislors in slalos villin lloir rospoclivo slalos, CMs of UTs villin lloir
rospoclivo UTs, Dopuly Minislors of llo Union.
16. Officialing Cliofs of Slaff loIding llo ranI of Il. GonoraI or oquivaIonl ranI.
17. Clairman - CAT, Clairman-Minorilios Commission, Clairman - SCand ST Commission,
Clairman - UISC, Cliof }uslico of Higl Courls oulsido lloir rospoclivo jurisdiclions,
Iuisno oulsido lloir rospoclivo jurisdiclions, Iuisno judgos of Higl Courls villin
lloir rospoclivo jurisdiclions.
18. Cabinol minislors in slalos oulsido lloir rospoclivo slalos, Clairman and SpoaIors
of slalo IogisIaluros oulsido lloir rospoclivo slalos, Clairman- MRTI Commission,
Dy. Clairman and Dy. SpoaIors of slalo IogisIaluros villin lloir rospoclivo slalos,
Minislors of UTs villin lloir rospoclivo UTs, SpoaIors of IogisIalivo assombIios in
UTs villin lloir rospoclivo UTs.
INDIA 2011
43
19. Cliof Commissionors of UTs nol laving counciIs of minislors-villin lloir rospoclivo
UTs, Dy. Minislors in slalos villin lloir rospoclivo slalo, Dy. SpoaIors of IogisIalivo
assombIios in UTs villin lloir rospoclivo UTs.
20. Dy. Clairmon and Dy. SpoaIors of slalo IogisIaluros oulsido lloir rospoclivo slalos,
Minislors of Slalos ousido lloir rospoclivo slalos, Iuisno judgos of ligl courls oulsido
lloir rospoclivo jurisdiclions.
21. MIs (Mombors of IarIiamonl)
22. Dy. Minislors in slalos oulsido lloir rospoclivo slalos.
23. Army commandors/vico cliof of llo army slaff or oquivaIonl in ollor sorvicos, Cliof
Socrolarios lo slalo govls. villin lloir rospoclivo slalos, Commissionor for Iinguislic
minorilios, Commissionor for SC and ST, Mombors Minorilios Commission, Mombors-
SC and ST Commission, Officors of llo ranI of fuII GonraI or oquivaIonl ranI,
Socrolarios of Govl. of India (incI. officors loIding llis offico ox officio), Socrolary,
Minorilios Commission, Socrolary, SC and ST Commission, Socrolary lo Irosidonl,
Socrolary lo llo IM, Socrolary, RS, IS, SoIicilor GonoraI, Vico-clairman, CAT.
24. Officors of llo ranI of Il. GonoraI or oquivaIonl ranI.
25. AddilionaI Socrolarios lo llo Govl, AddilionaI SoIicilor-GonoraIs of slalos, Clairman,
Tariff Commission, Clarg do affairs and acling Higl Commissionors and inlorim CMs
of UTs oulsido lloir rospoclivo UTs, Cliof Socrolarios of slalo govornmonls oulsido
lloir rospoclivo UTs, Cliof Socrolarios of slalo govornmonl oulsido lloir rospoclivo
slalos, Dopuly CAG, Dopuly SpoaIors of IogisIalivo assombIios in UTs oulsido lloir
rospoclivo UTs, Diroclor, CBI, Diroclor-GonoraI BSI, Diroclor GonoraI CRII, Diroclor,
IB, Il. Govornors, Mombors, UISC, Mombors, MRTI Commission, Mombors, UISC,
Minislors of UTs oulsido lloir rospoclivo UTs, IrincipaI slaff officors of llo armod
forcos and officors of llo ranI, SpoaIors of IogisIalivo assombIios in UTs and Clairman
of DoIli MolropoIilan CounciI, oulsido lloir rospoclivo UTs.
26. }l. Socrolarios lo llo Govl. of India and officors of oquivaIonl ranI, Officors of llo
ranI of Major GonoraI or oquivaIonl ranI.
STANDING COMMITTEES OF PARLIAMENT
(a) Conslilulion, composilion and lorm
-

1. Businoss Advisory Commilloo Nominalod 15 TiII roconslilulod
2. Commilloo on Irivalo Mombors Nominalod 15 Ono yoar
BiIIs and RosoIulions
INDIA 2011
44
-
3. Commilloo on Iolilions Nominalod 15 TiII Roconslilulod

4. Commilloo on Islimalos IIoclod 30 Ono yoar
5. Commiloo of IriviIogos Nominalod 15 TiII roconslilulod
6. Commilloo of Subordinalo Nominalod 15 Ono yoar
IogisIalion
7. Commilloo on Govornmonl Nominalod 15 Ono yoar
Assurancos
8. Commilloo on Absonco of Nominalod 15 Ono yoar
Mombors from llo
Sillings of llo Houso
9. RuIos Commilloo Nominalod 15 TiII roconslilulod
10. GonoraI Iurposos TiII roconslilulod
Commilloo Nominalod
11. Houso Commilloo Nominalod 15 Ono yoar
12. IubIic Accounls IIoclod 22 (15-IoI Sabla) Ono yoar
Commilloo (7-Rajya Sabla)
13 Commilloo on IubIic IIoclod 22 (15-IoI Sabla)
UndorlaIings (7-Rajya Sabla)
14. Iibrary Commilloo Nominalod 9 (6-IoI Sabla) Ono yoar
(3- Rajya Sabla)
15. Commilloo on llo WoIfaro IIoclod 30 (20-IoI Sabla) Ono yoar
of ScloduIod Caslos and and (10-Rajya Sabla)
ScloduIod Tribos
16. Commilloo on Iapors Nominalod 15 Ono yoar
Iaid on llo TabIo
-- -
- - - - - - -

Mombors of llo Rajya Sabla aro aIso associalod vill lloso commilloos.
INDIA 2011
45
-
1. Businoss Advisory Nominalod 11 (IncIuding TiII roconslilulod

Commilloo Clairman and
Dopuly Clairman)
2. Commilloo on Iolilions Nominalod 10 TiII roconslilulod
3. Commilloo on Iolilions Nominalod 10 TiII roconslilulod
4. Commilloo on RuIos Nominalod 16 TiII roconslilulod
5. Commilloo on Subordinalo Nominalod 15 TiII roconslilulod
IogisIalion
6. Commilloo on Govornmonl Nominalod 10 TiII roconslilulod
7. Houso Commilloo Nominalod 7 TiII roconslilulod
8. GonoraI Iurposos Nominalod
Commilloo
9. Commilloo on Iapors Naminalod 10 TiII roconslilulod
Iaid on llo TabIo
10. Commilloo on Nominalod 10 Tonuro of llo
MIIAD sclomo Mombors (in RS)
11. Illics Commilloo Nominalod 10 TiII roconslilulod
12. Commilloo on Irovision of Nominalod 7 Tonuro of llo
Compulors lo MIs (RS) Mombors (in RS)
--
- - - - - - -

- - -
-
1. }oinl Commilloo on SaIarios Nominalod 15(10-IoI Sabla) Ono yoar

and AIIovancos of Mombors (5-Rajya Sabla)
of IarIiamonl
INDIA 2011
46
2. }oinl Commilloo on IIoclod 15 (10-IoI Sabla) Co-lorminus vill
Officos of Irofil (5-Rajya Sabla) llo Iifo of IoI
Sabla
3. Commilloo on llo Nominalod 30 (20-IoI Sabla) Ono yoar
Impovormonl of Womon (10-Rajya Sabla)
4. }oinl IarIiamonlary Commilloo Nominalod 30 (20-IoI Sabla) No fixod lonuro
on llo funclioning of WaIf (10-Rajya Sabla)
Boards
5. }oinl Commilloo on Nominalod 10 (7-IoI Sabla) No fixod lonuro
Socurily in IarIiamonl (3-Rajya Sabla)
Houso compIox
---

1. Commilloo on Commorco Commorco and Induslry
2. Commilloo on Homo a Affairs (i) Homo Affairs
(ii) DovoIopmonl of Norll Iaslorn Rogion
3. Commilloo on Human Rosourco DovoIopmonl (i) Human Rosourco DovoIopmonl Youll
Affairs and Sporls
4. Commilloo on Induslry (i) Hoavy Induslrios and IubIic
Inlorprisos
(ii) SmaII ScaIo Induslrios
(iii) Agro and RuraI Induslrios
5. Commillloo on Scionco and ToclnoIogy (i) Scionco and ToclnoIogy Invironmonl
and Iorosls
(ii) Spaco
(iii) Ocoan DovoIopmonl
(iv) Alomic Inorgy
(v) Invironmonl and Iorosls
6. Commilloo on Transporl, Tourism and CuIluro (i) CiviI Avialion
(ii) Road Transporl and Higlvays
(iii) Slipping
(iv) Tourism
(v) CuIluro
7. Commilloo on HoaIll and IamiIy WoIfaro HoaIll and IamiIy WoIfaro
INDIA 2011
47
8. Commilloo on IorsonaI, IubIic Griovancos, (i) Iav and }uslico
Iav and }uslico (ii) IorsonnoI, IubIic Griovancos and
Ionsions
9. Commilloo on AgricuIluro (i) AgricuIluro

(ii) Iood Irocossing Induslrios
10. Commilloo on Informalion ToclnoIogy (i) Communicalions and Informalion
ToclnoIogy
(ii) Informalion and Broadcasling
11. Commilloo on Dofonco Dofonco
12. Commilloo on Inorgy (i) Non-ConvonlionaI Inorgy Sourcos
(ii) Iovor
13. Commilloo on IxlornaI Affairs (i) Iinanco
(ii) Company Affairs
(iii) Non-Rosidonl Indians Affairs
14. Commilloo on Iinanco (i) Iinanco
(ii) Company Affairs
(iii) IIanning
(iv) Slalislics and Irogrammo ImpIomonla-
lion
15. Commilloo on Iood, Consumor Affairs Consumor Affairs, Iood and IubIic
Dislribulion
16. Commilloo on Iabour (i) Iabour and ImpIoymonl
(ii) ToxliIos
17. Commilloo on IolroIoum and NaluraI Gas IolroIoum and NaluraI Gas
18. Commilloo on RaiIvays RaiIvays
19. Commilloo on Urban DovoIopmonl (i) Urban DovoIopmonl
(ii) Urban DovoI opmonl and Iovorly
AIIovialion
20. Commilloo on Walor Rosourcos Walor Rosourcos
21. Commilloo on ClomicaIs and IorliIizors ClomicaIs and IorliIizors
22. Commilloo on RuraI DovoIopmonl (i) RuraI DovoIopmonl
(ii) Ianclayali Raj
23. Commilloo on CoaI and SlooI (i) CoaI and Minos
(ii) SlooI
24. Commilloo on SociaI }uslico and (i) SociaI }uslico and ompovormonl
Impovormonl (ii) TribaI Affairs
INDIA 2011
48
PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES
BroadIy, IarIiamonlary Commilloos aro of lvo IindsSlanding Commilloos and ad
loc Commilloos. Iirsl is of pormanonl naluro vliIo socond is for lomporary poriod.
In Iooping vill lloir imporlanl roIo, llo Ioadors of Opposilion in llo Rajya Sabla
and llo IoI Sabla aro accordod slalulory rocognilion.
In ordor lo dovoIop domocralic ollos in llo youngor gonoralion llo Minislry conducls
Youll IarIiamonl Compolilion in various calogorios of sclooIs andcoIIogos/univorsilios.
Tlo Youll IarIiamonl Sclomo vas firsl inlroducod in llo -
- - Govornmonl of India las boon organising

AII India Wlips Conforonco from limo lo limo, vill llo purposo of oslabIisling
suilabIo IinIs among llo vlips of various poIilicaI parlios al llo Conlro and llo Slalos.
Iourloon AII India Wlips Conforoncos lavo boon organizod so far sinco 1952. Tlo
Iourloonll AII India Wlips Conforonco vas loId on 45 Iobruary, 2008 in Mumbai.
funclions diroclIy undor llo Irimo Minislor. Tlo adminislralivo
load of llo Socrolarial is llo Cabinol Socrolary vlo is aIso llo ox-officio Clairman
of llo CiviI Sorvicos Board. Tlo Cabinol Socrolarial onsuros llal llo Irosidonl, llo
Vico-Irosidonl and Minislors aro Iopl informod of llo major aclivilios of aII Minislrios.
- (IAS) and (IIS) voro lvo aII India
sorvicos originaIIy, Ialor on Indian Iorosl Sorvico (IIS) is aIso croalod as aII India sorvicos.
Tlo conslilulion providos for an indopondonl body Inovn as for rocruilmonl
of cIass A and B group posls.
-- iniliaIIy Inovn as Subordinalo Sorvico Commission
vas sol up on 1 }uIy, 1976. Il las boon onlruslod vill llo vorI of maIing rocruilmonl
lo (i) aII non-gazollod Group 'B' posls in llo various Minislrios/Doparlmonls of llo
Govornmonl and lloir Allaclod and Subordinalo Officos.
Arl. 343(1) of llo conslilulion providos Hindi lo bo officiaI Ianguago of llo union.
WliIo Arl. 343(2) says IngIisl lo bo conlinuod liII 1965.
vas conslilulod in llo yoar 1967. Il is
-
is appoinlod by llo Irosidonl. Irocoduro and
grounds for lis romovaI from offico aro llo samo as for a Supromo Courl }udgo. Ho
is nol oIigibIo for furllor offico undor llo Union or a Slalo Govornmonl aflor lo coasos
lo loId lis offico (ArlicIo 148-151).
vas oslabIislod in 1991 lo sorvico llo Inlor-Slalo
CounciI. HonbIo Irimo Minislor is llo Clairman of llo CounciI.
- - - is llo nodaI agoncy
of llo Govornmonl for Adminislralivo Roforms as voII as rodrossaI of pubIic griovancos
roIaling lo llo Slalos in gonoraI and griovancos porlaining lo ConlraI Govornmonl
agoncios in parlicuIar.
INDIA 2011
49
vas sludiod by llo Socond Adminislralivo Roforms Commission
and vas of llo viov llal llis modoI is a slop in llo rigll diroclion.
- - ovos ils origin lo ArlicIo 323-A of llo Conslilulion
vlicl ompovors ConlraI Govornmonl lo sol-up by an Acl of IarIiamonl.
Tlo vas sol-up on 1 Novombor, 1985. Today, il las 17 roguIar bonclos, 15 of
vlicl oporalo al llo principaI soals of Higl Courls and llo romaining lvo al }aipur
and IucInov.
Tlo syslom of govornmonl in Slalos cIosoIy rosombIos llal of llo Union. Tlo Govornor
of a Slalo is appoinlod by llo Irosidonl for a lorm of fivo yoars and loIds offico
during lis pIoasuro. OnIy Indian cilizons abovo 35 yoars of ago aro oIigibIo for
appoinlmonl lo llis offico.
In rospocl of NagaIand, Govornor las spociaI rosponsibiIily undor ArlicIo 371A of
llo Conslilulion. SimiIarIy, in rospocl of ArunaclaI Iradosl, Govornor las spociaI
rosponsibiIily undor ArlicIo 371H. IiIoviso, in llo Sixll ScloduIo vlicl appIios lo
lribaI aroas of Assam, MoglaIaya, Tripura and Mizoram govornor las spociaI
rosponsibiIily.
Tlo Cliof Minislor is appoinlod by llo Govornor vlo aIso appoinls ollor minislors
on llo advico of llo Cliof Minislor. Tlo CounciI of Minislors is coIIoclivoIy rosponsibIo
lo IogisIalivo assombIy of llo Slalo.
Ior ovory slalo, lloro is a IogisIaluro vlicl consisls of Govornor and ono Houso or
lvo Housos as llo caso may bo. In Bilar, }ammu and Kaslmir, KarnalaIa, Malarasllra,
Andlra Iradosl and Ullar Iradosl, lloro aro lvo Housos Inovn as IogisIalivo
counciI and IogisIalivo assombIy.
- (Vidlan Iarislad) of a slalo comprisos nol moro llan ono-llird
of lolaI numbor of mombors in IogisIalivo assombIy of llo slalo and in no caso Ioss
llan 40 mombors.
- -- Vidlan Sabla) of a slalo consisls of nol moro llan 500 and
nol Ioss llan 60 mombors (IogisIalivo AssombIy of SiIIim las 32 mombors).
- - by llo Irosidonl acling lo sucl oxlonl, as lo
llinIs fil, llrougl an Adminislralor appoinlod by lim. Tlo NalionaI CapilaI Torrilory
of DoIli and Union Torrilory of Iondiclorry oacl las a IogisIalivo assombIy and
counciI of minislors.
MunicipaI bodios lavo a Iong lislory in India. Tlo - -
vas sol-up in llo formor Irosidoncy Tovn of Madras in 1688, and vas foIIovod by
simiIar corporalions in llon Bombay and CaIculla in 1726. Hovovor, in modorn limo
IarIiamonl onaclod llo Conslilulion (74llAmondmonl) Acl, 1992 (Inovn as NagarpaIiIa
Acl) roIaling lo municipaIilios in 1992. A nov parl IX-A vas aIso incorporalod.
says llo Slalo slaII laIo slops lo organiso viIIago panclayals. Ior llis purposo
73rd amondmonl vas incorporalod vlicl addod Iarl IX. Nov I.M. lad loId for 50
rosorvalion of soals for vomon in panclayals. Bilar boing llo 1sl slalo lo do so.
INDIA 2011
50
Tlo suporinlondonco, diroclion and conlroI of proparalion of oIocloraI roIIs for and
llo conducl of oIoclions lo IarIiamonl and Slalo IogisIaluros and oIoclions lo llo
officos of llo Irosidonl and llo Vico-Irosidonl of India aro voslod in llo IIoclion
Commission of India. Il is an indopondonl conslilulionaI aullorily. Sinco ils incoplion
in 1950 and liII Oclobor 1989, llo Commission funclionod as a singIo mombor body
consisling of llo Cliof IIoclion Commissionor. On 16 Oclobor, 1989, llo Irosidonl
appoinlod lvo moro IIoclion Commissionors on llo ovo of llo GonoraI IIoclion lo
llo Houso of llo IoopIo loId in NovomborDocombor 1989. Hovovor, llo said lvo
Commissionors coasod lo loId offico on 1 }anuary, 1990 vlon lloso lvo posls of
IIoclion Commissionors voro aboIislod. Again on 1 Oclobor, 1993, llo Irosidonl
appoinlod lvo moro IIoclion Commissionors. Sinco llon liII dalo llo numbor is
mainlainod. No commissionor is subordinalo lo ollor. Tlo lorm of offico of llo Cliof
IIoclion Commissionor and ollor IIoclion Commissionors is six yoars from llo dalo
lo/slo assumos offico or liII llo dalo lo/slo allains llo ago of 65 yoars, vliclovor
is oarIior.
las boon onaclod vill a viov lo ompovor llo
cilizons lo promolo lransparoncy and accounlabiIily in llo vorIing of llo govornmonl,
conlain corruplion, and maIo domocracy vorI for poopIo in roaI sonso.
GETFREEUPSCALERTS
INEMAIL :
www.upscportal.com/newsletter
INDIA 2011
51
-
NalionaI Conlro of Organic Iarming Glaziabad IniliaIIy NalionaI BioforliIizor
DovoIopmonl Conlro Ronamod in
2004.
NalionaI IIanl Iroloclion Training Insl. Hydorabad (1966) Rocognisod as rogionaI lraining
conlro for pIanl proloclion by IAO.
Dirocloralo of MarIoling & Inspoclion Iaridabad Impovorod lo fix llo AgmarI
slandards.
NalionaI Inslilulo of AgricuIluraI MIg. }aipur (8 Aug., 1988) Managod by gov-
orning body undor clairmanslip
of AgricuIluro Minislor.
SmaII Iarmors Agribusinoss Nov DoIli Rogislorod socioly vill momobors
Consorlium (SIAC) (18 }an., 1994) incIuding RBI, SBI, IDBI, IximBanI,
OBC, NABARD, Canara BanI,
NAIID, Unilod Ilosplorus Ild.
ConlraI Irozon Somon Iroduclion & Hossarglalla
Training Inslilulo KarnalaIa
Random SampIo IouIlry Iorformanco Gurgaon
Tosling Conlro
ConlraI Sloop Brooding Iarm Hissar
NalionaI Inslilulo of AnimaI HoaIll Baglpal (U.I.)
Disoaso Invosligalion Iaboralory Iuno
AnimaI HoaIll Inslilulo }aIIandlar
Inslilulo of AnimaI HoaIll & BioIogicaIs BangaIoro
Agriculture
4
INDIA 2011
52
Inslilulo of Volorinary BioIogicaIs Klanapara,
Guvalali
ConlraI Inslilulo of Iislorios, Kocli
NaulicaI and Inginooring Training
Inlogralod Iislorios Irojocl Kocli
ConlraI Inslilulo of CoaslaI BangaIoro
Inginooring for Iislorios
VivoIananda Iarvalliya Krisli AImora
Anusandlan Slaia
ConlraI AgricuIluro Rosoarcl Inslilulo Iorl BIair
ConlraI AgricuIluraI Univorsily ImplaI
Tlo lolaI aroa covorago undor foodgrains in 200910 las boon roporlod as 121.37
miIIion loclaros againsl 1222.83 miIIion loclaros in 200809.
4 annuaI grovll during llo 11ll fivo yoar pIan las boon largolod in agricuIluraI
soclor.
-- -- - . An
aII limo rocord in produclion of foodgrains of 233.88 miIIion lonnos is oslimalod in
200809 as por 4ll Advanco Islimalos 55.7 por conl of aroa sovn is dopondonl on
rainfaII.
Govornmonl of India conslilulod a TasI Iorco undor llo Clairmanslip of Irof.
A.Vaidyanallan in 2004 lo suggosl an impIomonlabIo pIan of aclion lo rovivo llo ruraI
cooporalivo crodil inslilulions.
Tlo ConlraI Govornmonl las laIon a Ioad in providing roquirod aulonomy lo llo
cooporalivos by onacling , ropIacing llo MSCS Acl, 1984. Il aims al
providing funclionaI aulonomy.
ConlraIIy Sponsorod Sclomo on -- (NISM) las boon
Iaunclod in llo counlry lo onlanco llo produclion of rico, vloal and puIsos by 10,
8 and 2 miIIion lonnos rospoclivoIy by llo ond of llo 11ll IIan.
India is llo llird Iargosl producor and consumor of forliIizors in llo vorId aflor Clina
and llo USA.
vas Iaunclod during 10ll IIan. Tlo oarIior
sclomo NalionaI Irojocl on DovoIopmonl and Uso of BioforliIizors las boon morgod
vill llo NalionaI Irojocl on Organic Iarming.
A ConlraIIy Sponsorod Sclomo.
(NIMSI) las boon approvod during 200809 for llo romaining poriod
of XI IIan.
Tlo Doparlmonl of AgricuIluro and Cooporalion is proparing NalionaI o-Govornanco
IIan in AgricuIluro vill llo loIp of -
Il is boing impIomonlod in lvo plasos.
INDIA 2011
53
- - vas Iaunclod on 21sl }anuary, 2004. Il aims lo provido onIino
informalion lo farmors llrougl loII froo . WloIo counlry is covorod
undor llo sclomo.
Organisod marIoling of agricuIluraI commodilios las boon promolod in llo counlry
llrougl a nolvorI of roguIalod marIols. A capilaI invoslmonl subsidy sclomo lilIod
Conslruclion of RuraI Godovns is boing impIomonlod v.o.f. 1 ApriI, 2001.
India is ondovod vill llo Iargosl IivoslocI popuIalion in llo vorId.
India conlinuos lo bo llo Iargosl producor of miII in llo vorId.
Tlo IivoslocI Insuranco Sclomo vas ImpIomonlod in aII llo Slalos oxcopl Goa.
Tlo NalionaI Irojocl for CallIo and BuffaIo Brooding onvisagos 100 por conl granl
in aid lo impIomonling agoncios.
Indias slaro of llo vorId lrado in pouIlry and pouIlry producls is vory smaII.
RoconlIy Cabinol Commilloo on Iconomic Affairs approvod llo ConlraIIy Sponsorod
Sclomo. IouIlry DovoIopmonl from llird yoar of XI Iivo Yoar IIan, 200910.
Tlo Indian dairy induslry las acquirod subslanliaI grovll from llo Iiglll IIan
onvards. Indias miII oulpul las nol onIy pIacod llo induslry firsl in vorId.
Tlo firsl oulbroaI of Avian InfIuonza in India vas roporlod in Iobruary, 2006 in
Nandurbar dislricl of Malarasllra and Sural dislricl of Gujaral.
Bl-collon varioly BiIanori Norma and NRH 44 Bl collon lybrid and Muslard lybrids
dovoIopod.
ICAR las acliovod a uniquo scionlific IandmarI roconlIy vill llo birll of llo firsl cIonod
buffaIo caIf in llo vorId. Tlo firsl caIf born in Iobruary, 2009 diod duo lo Inoumonia,
bul llo socond cIonod buffaIo caIf born on 6ll }uno, 2009 is quilo laiI and loaIlly.
- -

TolaI Aroa 2.5 Sovonll Russian, Iodoralion,

Canda, U.S.A, Clina,
BraziI, AuslriaIia
Arabic Aroa 2.3 Socond U.S.A
Irrigalod Aroa 20.2 Iirsl
TolaI 16.7 Socond Clina

AgricuIluro 23 Socond Clina
INDIA 2011
54

(A) TolaI CoroaIs 11.1 Tlird Clina, U.S.A
Wloal 11.7 Socond Clina
Rico (Iaddy) 22.3 Socond Clina
Coarso Grains 3.3 Iourll Clina, BraziI, Russian
Iodoralion
TolaI IuIsos 21.2 Iirsl
(B) OiI Soods
Ground Nul 17.1 Socond Clina
Raposood 11.1 Iourll Clina, Canda, Gormany
- -
VogolabIos & MoIons 9.7 Socond Clina
Iruils IxcIuding MoIons 10.5 Socond Clina
Iolaloos 8.1 Tlird Clina, Russian
Iodoralion
Onion (Dry) 10.6 Socond Clina
-
Sugarcano 22.8 Socond BraziI
Toa 28.1 Iirsl
Coffoo (groon) 4.3 Sixll BraziI, Violnam
CoIombia, Indonosia,
Moxico
}ulo & }ulo IiIo Iibros 61.2 Iirsl
Collon (Iinl) 8.3 Iourll Clina, USA, BraziI,
Indonosia, Moxico
-
TolaI MiII (000 MT) 14.4 Iirsl
Iggs TolaI (MiIIion) 3.4 Iifll Clina, USA, Russian
Iodoralion
TolaI Moal (000 MT) 2.1 Sovonll Clina, USA, BraziI,
Gormany, Iranco,
-- - -
Rico Wosl BongaI, Iubjab, Ullar Iradosl
Wloal Ullar Iradosl, Iunjab, Haryana
INDIA 2011
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Maizo Madlya Iradosl, Andlra Iradosl, KarnalaIa
TolaI Coarso CoroaIs Malarasllra, Ralasllan, KarnalaIa
TolaI IuIsos Madlya Iradosl, Ullar Iradosl, Malarasllra
TolaI Ioograins Ullar Iradosl, Iunjab, Wosl BongaI
Groundnul Gujaral, TamiI Nadu, Andlra Iradosl
Soyaboan Madlya Iradosl, Malarasllra, Rajasllan
SunfIovor KarnalaIa, Adlra Iradosl, Malarasllra
TolaI OiIsoods Madlya Iradosl, Malarasllra, Rajasllan
Sugarcano Ullar Iradosl, Malarasllra, KarnalaIa
Collon Malarasllra, Gujaral, Andlra Iradosl
}ulo Wosl BongaI, Bilar, Assam
Iolalo Ullar Iradosl, Wosl BongaI, Bilar
Onion Malarasllra, Gujaral, KarnalaIa
Tlo Macro Managomonl of AgricuIluro (MMA) ConlraIIy Sponsorod Sclomos
formuIalod vill llo objoclivo lo onsuro llal llo conlraI assislanco is sponl on focusod
and spocific inlorvonlions for dovoIopmonl of agricuIluro in aroas of priorily of
difforonl Slalos.
Tlo acliovomonl in llo dovoIopmonl of lorlicuIluro is IaudabIo, as llo soclor nov
conlribulos moro llan 30.5 por conl lo GDI of agricuIluro and las mainlainod llo
grovll ralo of moro llan 5 por conl during llo Iasl lvo docados.
Iruils and vogolabIos, logollor, conslilulo aboul 92 por conl of llo lolaI lorlicuIluraI
produclion in llo counlry. Tlo aroa undor fruil crops is 6.36 miIIion la vill a
produclion of 71.31 miIIion lonos vlicl conlribulos 31.75 por conl slaro in lolaI
produclion.
Among llo lorlicuIluro produco, vogolabIo is vory imporlanl soclor, vlicl occupios
8.14 miIIion la vill lolaI produclion of 132.28 miIIion lonos laving a produclivily
of 16.5 lonnos/la.
India occupios llo socond posilion in llo produclion of brinjaI, cabbago, cauIifIovor
and onion and llird in polalo and lomalo in llo vorId. VogolabIos llal aro producod
in abundanco aro polalo, lomalo, brinjaI, oIra, cucurbils, olc.
NalionaI HorlicuIluro Mission vas Iaunclod during llo yoar 200506 vill objoclivo
of providing loIislic grovll lo llo lorlicuIluro soclor llrougl an aroa basod, rogionaIIy
difforonlialod slralogy, suppIy of quaIily pIanling maloriaI, produclion and produclivily
improvomonl, loclnoIogypromolion, oxlonsion, posl larvosl managomonl andmarIoling.
Tlis mission vas Iaunclod during llo financiaI yoar 200102 lo acliovo ovoraII
dovoIopmonl of lorlicuIluro in 8 slalos lo larnoss llo polonliaI llal oxisls in llo
Norll Iasl rogion. Tlo Sclomo vas furllor oxlondod lo llroo ollor liIIy Slalos
namoIy }ammu and Kaslmir, HimaclaI Iradosl and UllaranclaI during 200304.
INDIA 2011
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Tlo NalionaI Bamboo Mission vas Iaunclod in 200607 as a ConlraIIy Sponsonrod
Sclomo lo promolo llo grovll of bamboo soclor. Tlo programmos addross four
major aroas of bamboo dovoIopmonl namoIy (i) Rosoarcl and DovoIopmonl, (ii)
IIanlalion DovoIopmonl, (iii) Handicrafls DovoIopmonl and (iv) MarIoling.
Tlo NalionaI Cooporalivo DovoIopmonl Corporalion (NCDC) Acl, 1962 las boon
amondod vido NCDC (Amondmonl) Acl, 2002 oxpanding llo mandalo of NCDC lo
incIudo food sluff, induslriaIs goods, IivoslocI and sorvicos in llo programmos and
aclivilios in addilion lo llo oxisling programmos.
In pursuanco of rocommondalions mado by llo Vaidyanallan Commilloo TasI
Iorco, llo Govornmonl of India lad approvod a RovivaI IacIago for Slorl Torm
Cooporalivo Crodil Slrucluro (STCCS) vlicl aims al maIing il a voII managod
and vibranl slrucluro lo bosl sorvo llo crodil noods of RuraI India. RovivaI
IacIago onvisagos an oulIay of ` 13,595 croro for rocapilaIizalion of STCCS,
capacily buiIding and lraining and compulorizalion subjocl lo IogaI roforms by
llo Slalo Govornmonls.
A rolabiIilalion IacIago of ` 16978.69 croro for 31 suicido prono Dislricls in llo four
Slalos, namoIy, Andlra Iradosl, Malarasllra, KarnalaIa and KoraIa is undor
impIomonlalion. Tlo rolabiIilalion pacIago aims al oslabIisling a suslainabIo and
viabIo farming and IivoIilood supporl syslom llrougl dobl roIiof lo farmors, improvod
suppIy of inslilulionaI crodil.
Tlo NalionaI AgricuIluraI Insuranco Sclomo (NAIS), is boing impIomonlod in llo
counlry sinco Rabi 19992000, as a parl of risI managomonl in agricuIluro vill llo
inlonlion of providing financiaI supporl lo llo farmors in llo ovonl of faiIuro of crops
as a rosuIl of naluraI caIamilios, posls and disoasos. Ioanoo farmors aro covorod on
compuIsory basis in a nolifiod aroa for nolifiod crops vloroas for non Ioanoo farmors
sclomo is voIunlary.
Basod on llo rocommondalions of llo }oinl Group conslilulod sludy llo improvomonls
roquirod in llo oxisling crop insuranco sclomos and viovs/commonls of various
slaIo-loIdors, a proposaI on Modifiod NalionaI AgricuIluraI Insuranco Sclomo
(MNAIS) las boon proparod vlicl is undor considoralion of llo Govornmonl.
Tlo piIol Woallor Basod Crop Insuranco Sclomo (WBCIS) is boing impIomonlod in
llo 15 Slalos during Klarif 2010 soason by AgricuIluraI Insuranco Company of India
(AIC) and privalo GonoraI Insuranco Company IiIo ICICI-IOMBARD, IIICO-TOKIO
and MS CloIamandaIam GonoraI Insuranco Company lo provido insuranco proloclion
lo llo farmors againsl advorso voallor incidonco, sucl as doficil and oxcoss rainfaII,
ligl or Iov lomporaluro, lumidily, olc.
Tlo Coconul IaIm Insuranco Sclomo (CIIS) is Iaunclod on piIol basis during yoars
200910 and 201011 in llo soIoclod aroas of Andlra Iradosl, Goa, KarnalaIa, KoraIa,
Malarasllra, Odisla and TamiI Nadu lo covor Coconul IaIms. Tlo farmor slouId
lavo al Ioasl 10 loaIlly nul boaring IaIms in llo ago group of 4 lo 60 yoars in
conliguous aroa.
INDIA 2011
57
Tlo NalionaI OiIsoods and VogolabIo OiIs DovoIopmonl (NOVOD) board vas
conslilulod on 8ll Marcl, 1984 undor llo NalionaI OiIsoods and VogolabIo OiI
DovoIopmonl Board Acl, 1983 as a slalulory body for llo inlogralod dovoIopmonl
of oiIsoods and vogolabIo oiI induslry undor llo conlroI of llo Union govornmonl
consisling of 36 mombors loadod by llo Union Minislors of AgricuIluro as Clairman
and lon mombors loadod by llo Union Minislors of AgricuIluro as Clairman and
lon mombor in ils Managing commilloo loadod by Socrolary (AgricuIluro and
Cooporalion) as Clairman.
Rainfod agricuIluro is claraclorizod by Iov IovoIs of produclivily and Iov inpul
usago. Tlo buII of llo ruraI poor, Iivo in llo rainfod rogions.
Tlo NalionaI Walorslod DovoIopmonl Irojocl for Rainfod Aroas (NWDIRA) vas
Iaunclod in llo VIII IIan poriod and las boon subsumod undor Macro Managomonl
of AgricuIluro (MMA) sinco Novombor, 2000. Tlo broad objoclivo aro: (i) consorvalion,
upgradalion and suslainabIo uliIizalion of naluraI rosourcos, (ii) onlancomonl of
agricuIluraI produclivily in suslainabIo mannor, (iii) rosloralion of ocoIogicaI baIanco
in llo dogradod and fragiIo rainfod oco-sysloms.
Organizod marIoling of agricuIluro commodilios las boon promolod in llo counlry
llrougl a nolvorI of roguIalod marIols. Mosl of llo slalo Govornmonls and Union
Torrilorios lavo onaclod IogisIalions (AIMC Acl) lo provido for roguIalion of
agricuIluraI produco marIols.
Tlo NalionaI Inslilulo of AgricuIluraI MarIoling (NIAM) is promior nalionaI IovoI
Inslilulo sol up by llo Govornmonl of India in Augusl 1988 lo offor spociaIizod
Training, Rosoarcl, Iducalion and ConsuIlancy in AgricuIluraI MarIoling.
Tlo SmaII Iarmors Agribusinoss Consorlium (SIAC) vas rogislorod by Doparlmonl
of AgricuIluro & Cooporalion as a Socioly undor llo Sociolios Rogislralion Acl, 1860
on }anuary, 1994.
In pursuanco lo llo rosoIulion of NalionaI DovoIopmonl CounciI (NDC) lo Iauncl
a Iood Socurily Mission in llo counlry for onlancing llo produclion of rico, vloal
and puIsos by 10, 8 and 2 miIIion lonos rospoclivoIy by llo ond of 11ll IIan, a
ConlraIIy Sponsorod Sclomo on NalionaI Iood Socurily Mission (NISM) is undor
impIomonlalion by llo Doparlmonl of AgricuIluro and Cooporalion in 17 Slalos. Tlo
NISM las llroo compononls viz. NISM-Rico, NISM-Wloal and NISM-IuIsos.
-- -- Tlo Sclomo providos assislanco
for oxlonsion and dovoIopmonl aclivilios sucl as lransfor of loclnoIogy llrougl
fronlIino domonslralions as voII as lraining of farmors llrougl Iarmors IioId
SclooIs, lraining of faciIilalors pIanl proloclion moasuros IiIo Insoclicido Rosislanco
Managomonl (IRM), Inlogralod Iosl Managomonl (IIM) domonslralions, suppIy of
bio-agonls, bio-poslicidos, olc.
Ior incroasing llo produclion and produclivily of CoroaIs Crop, a ConlraIIy Sponsorod
Sclomo of Inlogralod DovoIopmonl Irogrammo in Rico/Wloal Basod Cropping Syslom
Aroas (ICDI-Rico/Wloal) undor Macro Managomonl is boing impIomonlod.
INDIA 2011
58
India is llo llird Iargosl producor of forliIizors aflor Clina and USA and socond
Iargosl consumor aflor Clina in llo vorIds. Againsl 22.57 miIIion lonos of forliIizor
nulrionls (NIK) consumod during 200708, llo nulrionl consumplion vas 24.91
miIIion lonos.
IrosonlIy uroa is llo onIy forliIizor vlicl is undor Slalulory Irico ConlroI. To onsuro
adoqualo avaiIabiIily of forliIizors lo farmors al roasonabIo ralos, subsidy is providod
by Govornmonl of India.
AnimaI Husbandry and Dairy DovoIopmonl pIays a prominonl roIo in llo ruraI
oconomy in suppIomonling llo incomo of ruraI lousoloIds.
India is ondovod vill llo Iargosl IivoslocI popuIalion in llo vorId. Il accounls for
57 porconl of llo vorIds buffaIo popuIalion and 14 por conl of llo callIo popuIalion.
Tlo prosonl avaiIabiIily of animaI proloin in an Indian diol is around 11.3 por porson
por day, as againsl a vorId avorago of 29 gm.
IivoslocI soclor nol onIy providos ossonliaI proloin and nulrilious luman diol
llrougl miII, oggs, moal, olc., bul aIso pIays an imporlanl roIo in uliIizalion of non-
odibIo agricuIluraI by-producls. IivoslocI aIso providos rav maloriaI by producls
sucl as lidos and sIins, bIood, bono, fal olc.
Tlo Govornmonl of India inlroducod a ConlraIIy Sponsorod Sclomo, IivoslocI
Insuranco, on piIol basis during llo yoars 200506 and 200607 in 100 soIoclod dislricl
of llo counlry.
In viov of llo imporlanco of IivoslocI soclor lo llo NalionaI oconomy and considoring
llo slorl span of roproduclivily and Iifo of domoslic animaI, il vas docidod by llo
Govornmonl lo conducl llo IivoslocI Consus.
Tlo firsl IivoslocI Consus vas conduclod during 19191920 and sinco llon il is boing
conduclod quinquonniaIIy by aII Slalos/UTs in India. So far 18 sucl Consusos lavo
boon conduclod and llo Ialosl ono is 18ll IivoslocI Consus in llo sorios vill 15/
10/2007 as llo dalo of roforonco.
Tlo rosuIls of 18ll IivoslocI Consus vouId bo brougll oul in lvo plasos viz.
(1) AII India Roporl (IrovisionaI) basod on QuicI TabuIalion IIan, dorivod from
ViIIago IovoI lolaIs and (2) AII India Roporls (IinaI rosuIls), dorivod from compulorizod
lousoloId dala. AII India Roporl (IrovisionaI) is oxpoclod lo bo finaIizod slorlIy.
India, las a pouIlry popuIalion of 556.40 miIIion and ogg produclion is oslimalod
al moro llan 53.6 biIIion. India ranIs among llo lop llroo counlrios in ogg produclion
in llo vorId and las around 3 porconl of llo lolaI clicIon popuIalion of llo vorId.
Tlo boiIor produclion is groving al llo ralo of noarIy 8 porconl ovory yoar. India
is llo fifll Iargosl indigonous clicIon moal producor in llo WorId aflor US, Clina,
BraziI and Moxico, comprising of 3 por conl of lolaI vorId produclion.
According lo IivoslocI consus 2003, lloro aro aboul 61.47 miIIion sloop and 124.36
miIIion goals in llo counlry. Aboul fivo miIIion lousoloIds in llo counlry aro ongagod
in llo roaring of smaII ruminanls (sloop & goals) and ollor aIIiod aclivilios.
INDIA 2011
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To bring aboul slrucluraI clangos in unorganizod soclor, moasuros IiIo miII procossing
al viIIago IovoI, marIoling of paslourizod miII in a cosl offoclivo mannor, quaIily
upgradalion of lradilionaI loclnoIogy lo landIo commorciaI scaIo using modorn
oquipmonls and managomonl sIiIIs, a nov sclomo viz. Dairy Vonluro CapilaI Iund
vas inilialod in llo Tonll Iivo Yoar IIan.
Govornmonl is aIso oxamining Iauncling a NalionaI Dairy IIan vill an oulIay of moro
llan ` 17,371 croro lo acliovo a largol of 180 miIIion lonnos of MiII producing
annuaIIy by 202122.
Tlo Ongoing Sclomo of DovoIopmonl of Iroslvalor AquacuIluro and inlogralod
CoaslaI AquacuIluro lavo boon combinod vill four nov programmos on DovoIopmonl
of CoIdvalor Iisl CuIluro, DovoIopmonl of Walor-Ioggod aroa and DoroIicl valor
bodios inlo aquacuIluro oslalos, Uso of InIand SaIino/AIIaIino soiI for AquacuIluro
and programmo for augmonling llo Iroduclivily of Rosorvoirs. Tlis sclomos broadIy
las lvo compononls: AquacuIluro and inIand capluro fislorios.
-- vas oslabIislod lo vorI lovards bIuo
rovoIulion vill a focus on lo incroaso llo fisl produclion of llo counlry lo a IovoI
of 10.3 miIIion lonos, lo acliovo doubIo llo oxporls from 7,000 croros lo 14,000 croros
and dirocl ompIoymonl lo an oxlonl of 3.5 miIIion by oxlonding assislanco lo llo
various agoncios for impIomonlalion of aclivilios undor InIand, BracIisl Walor and
Marino Soclors.
- is an apox nalionaI organizalion
for conducling and coordinaling rosoarcl and oducalion in agricuIluro incIuding
animaI lusbandry and fislorios and aIIiod scioncos.
Tovards ompovormonl of ruraI vomon, KVKs (Krisli Vigyan Kondras) lavo aIso
assorlod 99 loclnoIogios undor llo llomalic aroa of drudgory roduclion, loaIll and
nulrilion invoIving 280 Iocalions.
- - Tlo Rosoarcl carriod oul al inslilulo in Norll-
Wosl HimaIayas Iod lo roIoaso of 10 variolios/lybrids of difforonl crops for difforonl
agro-cIimalic rogions of llo counlry.
Tlo inslilulo las producod pigIols oul of AI vill Irozon Somon. Boar somon vas
succossfuIIy frozon using convonlionaI mollod of Iroozing llal doos nol invoIvo coslIy
oquipmonl IiIo programmabIo caII froozor.
S. No.
1. Groon RovoIulion Iood grains
(Iallor of Groon RovoIulionN.I. BorIang)
(Iallor of Groon RovoIulion in IndiaM.S.
Svaminallan)
2. Wlilo RovoIulion MiII
(Iallor of Wlilo RovoIulionV. Kurion)
INDIA 2011
60
S. No.
3. BIuo RovoIulion Iislorios
4. Brovn RovoIulion Iood Irocossing/IorliIizors
5. YoIIov RovoIulion OiI soods
6. GoIdon RovoIulion HorlicuIluro
7. Round RovoIulion Iolalo
8. Rainbov RovoIulion OvoraII dovoIopmnol of agricuIluraI soclor
9. BIacI RovoIulion IolroIoum Iroducls
UPSCPORTALS
INDIA 2011
Comprehensive Coverage of
India Year Book for General Studies
Buy online at: www.upscportal.com/order-books
INDIA 2011
61
In 1945, Asialic Socioly of BongaI Iroposod for llo croalion of a NalionaI CuIluraI
Trusl consisling of llroo acadomios:
(i) an Acadomy of Danco, Drama, and Music,
(ii) an Acadomy of Iollors, and
(iii) an Acadomy of Arl and Arclilocluro.
Tlo onliro quoslion vas roconsidorod aflor indopondonco, in a Conforonco on Arl
loId in KoIIala in 1949, and lvo Conforoncos, on Iollors, and llo ollor on Danco,
Drama, and Music, loId in Nov DoIli in 1951 and finaIIy Govornmonl of India
rocommondod llo croalion of llroo nalionaI acadomios: an Acadomy of Danco,
Drama, and Music, an Acadomy of Iollors and an Acadomy of Arl.
SANGEET NATAK AKADEMI
Tlo NalionaI Acadomy of Danco, Drama, and Music, namod Sangool NalaI AIadomi, vas
-- - - loadod by MauIana AbuI KaIam
Azad, signod on 31 May, 1952. On 28ll }an., 1953, Sangool NalaI AIadomi vas inauguralod
by llo Irosidonl of India, Dr. Rajondra Irasad.
Tlo AIadomis clarlor of funclions conlainod in llo 1952 rosoIulion vas oxpandod
aIong llo originaI Iinos in 1961, vlon Sangool NalaI AIadomi vas roconslilulod by
llo Govornmonl as a socioly and rogislorod undor llo Sociolios rogislralion Acl of 1860
(as amondod in 1957). Tloso funclions aro sol dovn in llo AIadomis Momorandum
of Associalion, adoplod al ils rogislralion as a socioly on 11 Soplombor, 1961. Tlo groal
maslors of llo porforming arls lavo boon oIoclod as IoIIovs of llo AIadomi. Tlo
Sangool NalaI AIadomi Avards conforrod annuaIIy on ominonl arlisls and scloIars
aro considorod llo mosl covolod lonours in llo fioId of llo porforming arls. Tlo
AIadomis GaIIory of MusicaI Inslrumonls las a coIIoclion of moro llan 600 inslrumonls
of prominonco. Tlo Iibrary of Sangool NalaI AIadomi las simiIarIy allraclod, and
conlinuos lo allracl, aullors, sludonls and rosoarclors in lloso discipIinos. Sangool
NalaI, llo AIadomis journaI pubIislod sinco 1965, lad provod lo bo ono of llo Iongosl-
5
Art andCulture
INDIA 2011
62
running poriodicaIs in ils ovn domain, and las pubIislod llo originaI vorI of boll
ominonl vrilors as voII as lloso of Iossor Inovn. Tlo aIadomi oslabiIislod llo
}avalarIaI Nolru Manipuri Danco Acadomy in ImplaI, llo promior inslilulion in
Manipuri danco and music in 1954, llo NalionaI SclooI of drama in 1959 and llo KallaI
Kondra in 1964, boll boing basod in DoIli. Tlo AIadomis ongoing projocls of nalionaI
imporlanco aro in vlicl commoncod in 1991 rocoivod
rocognilion from UNISCO as a Maslor pioco of oraI and inlangibIo lorilago of Hu-
manily in 2001. Tlo projocl in - -
bogan in 1994. Tlo projocl supporl lo - -
-- vas slarlod in 2002.
Tlo Sangool NalaI AIadomi is al prosonl an aulonomous body of llo Minislry of
Tourism and CuIluro, and is fuIIy fundod by Govornmonl of India.
LALIT KALA AKADEMI
IaIil KaIa AIadomi (NalionaI AIadomi of Arls) oslabiIislod al Nov DoIli in 1954 and las
rogionaI conlros caIIod Rasllriya IaIil KaIa Kondras al IucInov, KoIIala, Clonnai, Garli
in Nov DoIli and Blubanosvar.
Tlo AIadomi organiso nalionaI oxlibilion of conlomporary Indian arl vill 15 nalionaI
avards, oacl of ` 50,000, vliIo ovory llroo yoars, aIso organisos TrionniaI India, an
InlornalionaI oxlibilion of conlomporary arl in Nov DoIli.
Tlo AIadomi lonours arlisls and arl lislorians ovory yoar by oIocling llom as IoIIovs
of llo AIadomi and aIso brings oul bi-annuaI arl journaIs, IaIil KaIa Conlomporary
(IngIisl), IaIil KaIa Ancionl (IngIisl) and SamIaIoon KaIa (Hindi).
MUSIC AND DANCE
Music
Tvo main sclooIs of cIassicaI musicHinduslani and Carnalic conlinuo lo survivo llrougl
oraI lradilion boing passod on by loaclors lo discipIos. Tlis las Iod lo llo oxislonco of
famiIy lradilions caIIod glaranas and sampradayas.
Dance
Danco in India las lvo main divisions boing cIassicaI and foII. CIassicaI danco forms aro
basod on ancionl danco discipIino and lavo rigid ruIos of prosonlalion. Imporlanl among
llom: (TamiI Nadu), (Ullar Iradosl), (KoraIa),
(Manipur), (Andlra Iradosl) and -- (Odisla) onco praclisod as
a lompIo danco.
NATIONAL SCHOOL OF DRAMA
Tlo NalionaI SclooI of Drama (NSD) vas sol up by in 1959 vlicl bocamo an aulonomous
body in 1975, Tlo objoclivo of NSD is lo lrain
INDIA 2011
63
sludonls in aII aspocls of lloalro, incIuding lloalro lislory, produclion, scono dosign,
coslumo dosign, Iiglling, maIo-up, olc. Tlo lraining courso al NSD is of llroo yoars
duralion. Iacl yoar, 20 sludonls aro admillod lo llo courso aflor scrooning llrougl lvo
slagos. Tlo DipIoma of NSD is rocognisod by llo Associalion of Indian Univorsilios as
oquivaIonl lo M.A. Dogroo for appoinlmonl as loaclors in coIIogos/univorsilios and for
purposos of rogislralion for Il.D. Tlo SclooI las a porforming ving, a Roporlory Company
oslabiIislod in 1964 vill llo duaI purposo of oslabIisling profossionaI lloalro on ono land
and conlinuing vill llo roguIar oxporimonlaI vorI on llo ollor. Tlo Tloalro-in-Iducalion
Company (ronamod as SansIar Rang ToIi) vas foundod in 1989 and las boon aclivoIy
invoIvod in produclion of pIays for cliIdron, organising summor lloalro vorIslops in llo
sclooIs of DoIli and aIso promoling cliIdrons lloalro llrougl Salurday CIub. Sinco 1998,
llo SclooI las organisod NalionaI Tloalro IoslivaI for CliIdron clrislonod -
ovory yoar. Tlo firsl ovor NalionaI Tloalro IoslivaI clrislonod -
vas loId from 18 Marcl lo 14 ApriI 1999 lo commomoralo llo 50ll yoar of Indias
Indopondonco. Aflor succoss of llo firsl Blaral Rang Malolsav, il las boon mado an annuaI
foaluro. To roacl a vasl majorily of lloalro arlisls in various slalos vill divorso Ianguagos
and cuIluraI bacIgrounds, vlo cannol lavo accoss lo llo roguIar lraining courso providod
by llo SclooI, a slorl-lorm loacling and lraining programmo lilIod Ixlonlion Irogrammo
vas slarlod in 1978.
SAHITYA AKADEMI
Salilya AIadomi, Indian NalionaI Acadomy of Iollors, oslabiIislod in Marcl 1954 as an
aulonomous body fuIIy fundod by llo Doparlmonl of CuIluro. Ialor on rogislorod as a
Socioly in 1956 undor llo Sociolios Rogislralion Acl, 1860. Tlo AIadomi las rocognisod
24 Ianguagos. Il las an Advisory Board for oacl of llo Ianguagos and four RogionaI Boards.
Bosidos ils Hoad Offico in Nov DoIli, il las four officos: KoIIala, Mumbai, BangaIuru and
Clonnai, lvo TransIalion Conlros al BangaIuru and KoIIala, a Irojocl Offico al SliIIong
and an Arclivos of Indian Iiloraluro in DoIli. Il mainlains a uniquo muIliIinguaI Iibrary
in Nov DoIli and al ils rogionaI officos al BangaIuru and KoIIala.
Tlo liglosl lonour conforrod by llo AIadomi on a vrilor is by oIocling lim ils IoIIov.
Tlis lonour is rosorvod for llo ImmorlaIs of Iiloraluro and Iimilod lo 21 al any givon
limo. So far 66 vrilors lavo boon oIoclod IoIIovs of llo Salilya AIadomi. Il las rocognisod
850 aullors and 283 lransIalors vill ils Avards and TransIalion Irizos for dislinguislod
conlribulion lo Iiloraluro, and givon 31 Blasla Sammans avards. Tlo AIadomi pubIislos
booIs in 24 Ianguagos and las llroo journaIs, Indian Iiloraluro (bi-monllIy in IngIisl),
SamIaIoona Blaraliya Salilya (bi-monllIy in Hindi) and SamsIrila Iralibla (laIf-yoarIy
in SansIril). Il las corlain spociaI projocls IiIo llo Ancionl Indian Iiloraluro, ModiovaI
Indian Iiloraluro and Modorn Indian Iiloraluro logollor consliluling lon voIumos of llo
bosl of Indian vriling ovor fivo miIIonnia. Il las aIso Iaunclod a nov projocl IncycIopodia
of Indian Ioolics. Tlo AIadomi loIds an annuaI vooI-Iong IoslivaI of Iollors, usuaIIy
in Iobruary vill Avard-giving coromony, Samvalsar Iocluro and a NalionaI Sominar. Tlo
AIadomi aIso inlroducod a nov sorios of programmos onlilIod Sur Salilya as parl of llo
GoIdon }ubiIoo coIobralions in 200405.
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Blaral Nalyam TamiI Nadu Karma Madlya Iradosl
Bilu Assam Ialo MoglaIaya
Blangra Iunjab Moliniallam KoraIa
Cllau Bilar, Odisla, W. BongaI and Mando Goa
}larIland
GarlvaIi UllaranclaI Manipuri Manipur
Garba Gujaral NalI HimaclaI Iradosl
Hallari KarnalaIa Nal-Nalin Bilar
KallaI Norll India Odissi Odisla
KallaIaIi KoraIa Rauf }ammu & Kaslmir
Kulolipudi Andlra Iradosl YaIslagan KarnalaIa
Klanlumm Mizoram
--
Malarasllra KallaIoorlan, Iozin, Dandaniya, Tamasla, Gafa, DaliIaIa, Iovani,
Mauni, Dasavlar.
KarnalaIa Hullari, Suggi Kunilla, YaIaslagana
KoraIa KaiIolliIaIi, KaIiyallam, TappaliIIaIi
TamiI Nadu KoIallam, IinnaI KoIallam, Kummi, Kavadj, Karagam
Andlra Iradosl Glanla MardaIa, Voodli NalaIam, BurraIalla
Odisla Glumara Sanclar, Cladya Dandanala, Cllau
Wosl BongaI Kalli, Cllau, BauI, Kirlan, }alra, Iama
Assam Bilu, KloI GopaI, Rasl IiIa, TabaI ClongIi, Canoo
Iunjab Giddla (vomon), Blangra (mon)
}&K Rauf, HiIal
HimaclaI Iradosl }lora, }laIi, DangIi, Malasu, }adda, }lainla, Cllarli
Haryana }lumar, Ras IooIa, Ilag danco, Dapl, DlamaI, Ioor, Gugga, Kloria,
Gagor
Gujaral Garba, Dandiya Rass, Tippani, Gompl
Rajasllan Ginad, ClaIri, Gangoro, TorallaaI,. KlayaI, }luIan IooIa, }luma, Suisini
Bilar }ala }alin, }adur, Cllau, KallapulIi, BaIlo, }lijliya, SamoclaIva, Kar-
ma, }alra, Nalna
Ullar Iradosl NaulanIi, Tlora, ClappoIi, RasIiIa, Kajri.
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Blaralnalyam BaIa Sarasvali, C.V. ClandrasoIlar, IooIa Samson, MrinaIini Sarablai,
Iadma Subrarnanyam, RuImini Dovi, SanyuIla Ianigrali, SonaI Man
Singl, Yamini Krislnamurli
KallaI Blarli Gupla, Birju Malaraj, Damayanli }osli, Durga Das, Gopi Krislna,
Kumudini IaIlia, Samblu Ualaraj, Silara Dovi
Kuclipudi }osyuIa Soollaramaial, Vompalli Clinna Sallyam
Manipuri Guru Bipin Sinla, }lavori Sislors, Nayana }lavori, NirmaIa Molla, Savila
Molla
Odissi Dobaprasad Das, Dlirondra Nall IallnaiI, Indrani Ralman,
KoIuclaran Malapalra, Iriyambada Molanly, SonaI Man Singl
Sarod AIi AIbar Klan, AIIaudin Klan, Amjad AIi Klan, Buddladov Dasgupla,
Baladur Klan, Slaran Rani, Zarin S. Slarma
TabIa AIia RaIla Klan, Kislan Malaraj, NiIliI Glosl, ZaIir Hussain
VioIin BaIusvamy DiIslilar, Gajanan Rao }osli, IaIgudi G. }ayaraman, M.S.
GopaIa Irislnan, Mysoro T. Clovdial, T. N. Krislnan
Slolnai BismiIIal Klan
Silar NiIliI Banorjoo, Ravi SlanIar, ViIayal Klan, Hara SlanIar Blallaclarya
IIulo Hari Irasad Claurasia, IannaIaI Gloso, T.R. MalaIingam
Voona K.R. Kumarasvamy Iyor, Doraisvami Iyongar
Hinduslani Slubla MudgaI, Bloomson }osli, Madlup MudgaI, MuIuI Slivpulra,
Iandil }asraj, Iarvoon SuIlana, Naina Dovi, Girija Dovi, Uslad GluIam
Muslafa Klan, Gangubai HangaI, Krislna HangaI, V.Rajpul, Kumar
Gandlarva, Iaiyyaz Klan, MaIIiIarjun Mansur.
Carnalic M.S. SubbaIaIslmi, BaIamuraIiIrislna, Bombay }aislroo, H.K. Raglavondra,
H.K. VonIalaram, Silarajam, Mani Krislnasvamy, AIliI Krislnan, M.I.
VasanllaIumari, M.D. Ramanallan, G.N. BaIasubramaniam
Tlumri Uslad Bado GluIam AIi Klan, Uslad Mazlar AIi Klan, Uslad Zavad AIi
Klan, Rila GanguIi, Ioornima Claudlary, Slanli Hoorananda, Naina Dovi
QuvvaIi GluIam Hasan Niyazi, SuIlan Niyazi, GluIam Iarid Nizami, Cland
Nizami, IqbaI Hussain Klan Bandanavaji, AsIam Sabari
Dlrupad Uslad Ralim Ialimuddin Dagar, Zaliruddin Dagar, Wasifuddin Dagar,
Bundocla Uday BlavaIIar, Il. Ablay Narayan MaIIicI, Il. Ril-
viI SanyaI
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RAMAKRISHNA MISSION INSTITUTE OF CULTURE, KOLKATA
Tlo Inslilulo vas concoivod in 1936 and vas formaIIy oslabIislod on 29ll }anuary, 1938
as a brancl conlro of llo RamaIrislna Mission foundod by Svami VivoIananda.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA
Tlo AnllropoIogicaI Survoy of India is a promior rosoarcl organisalion undor llo Minislry
of CuIluro. Will llo Hoad Offico al KoIIala, sovon RogionaI Conlros, ono Sub-rogionaI
Conlro, ono pormanonl fioId slalion and oigll ollor fioId slalions Iocalod in various parls
of llo counlry, bosidos a Camp Offico al Nov DoIli.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA
Tlo ArclaooIogicaI Survoy of India (ASI) vas oslabIislod in 1861 and funclions as an
allaclod offico of llo Doparlmonl of CuIluro vill 21 circIos and 3 mini circIos vloroas
loadod by llo Diroclor GonoraI.
Tlo major aclivilios of llo ArclaooIogicaI Survoy of India aro:
(i) Survoy of arclaooIogicaI romains and oxcavalions,
(ii) Mainlonanco and consorvalion of conlraIIy proloclod monumonls silos and romains,
(iii) ClomicaI prosorvalion of monumonls and anliquarian romains,
(iv) ArclilocluraI survoy of monumonls,
(v) DovoIopmonl of opigraplicaI rosoarcl and numismalic sludios,
(vi) Solling up and ro-organisalion of silo musoums,
(vii) Ixpodilion abroad,
(viii) Training in ArclaooIogy,
(ix) IubIicalion of loclnicaI roporl and rosoarcl vorIs.
-- (1) Iavagarl ArclaooIogicaI IarI in Gujaral,
(2) Cllalrapali Slivaji Torminus (formorIy Vicloria Tominus) Slalion in Mumbai and
llo Briladisvara lompIo compIox, GangaIondacloIapuram and (3) llo Airavalosvaira
lompIo compIox, Darasuram as an oxlonsion lo llo Briladisvara lompIo compIox,
Tlanjavur (nov commonIy caIIod as llo Groal Iiving CloIa TompIos) lavo boon
inscribod on llo WorId Horilago Iisl of UNISCO in 2004. Nominalion dossiors for llo
foIIoving silos lavo boon sonl lo llo WorId Horilago Conlro for inscriplion on llo
WorId - (i) Slri Harmindor Salib (GoIdon TompIo) al Amrilsar,
Iunjab, (ii) MajuIi IsIand in Mid-slroam of rivor Bralmapulra in Assam, (iii) VaIIoy of
IIovors as an oxlonsion lo llo Nanda Dovi NalionaI IarI in UllaranclaI. (iv) Rod Iorl,
DoIli (a doforrod nominalion).
Soarcl, sludy and prosorvalion of cuIluraI lorilago
Iying submorgod in inIand or lorriloriaI valors aro among llo principaI funclions of llo
Undorvalor ArclaooIogy Wing. Il carrios oul oxpIoralion and oxcavalion in Arabian Soa
as voII as in Bay of BongaI.
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Tlo Scionco Brancl loadquarlor al Dolradun, lavo undorlaIon llo
foIIoving Scionlific Irojocls:
1. IvaIualion of nov maloriaIs as prosorvalivo coalings and slrongllonod for slono,
lorracolla, bricIs & adobo slrucluros.
2. Scionlific sludios roIalod lo consorvalion of ancionl Iimo pIaslor.
3. IvaIualion of plysicaI claraclorislics of pIaslor comonl vill addilion of rapid lardoning
pIaslor comonl in difforonl proporlions.
Tlo HorlicuIluro Brancl providos poriodic pIanls lo bo usod in
gardons by dovoIoping baso nursorios al DoIli, Agra, Srirangapalna and Blubanosvar.
Tlo Ipigraply Brancl al Mysoro carrios oul rosoarcl vorI in
SansIril and Dravidian Ianguagos vliIo llo ono al Nagpur carrios oul rosoarcl vorI in
Arabic and Iorsian.
- Tlo ASI las laIon up llo consorvalion projocl of Ta Irolm (for
poriod of 10 yoars and 5 plasos), Cambodia undor llo ITIC programmo of Minislry of
IxlornaI Affairs vill an oulIay of ` 19.51 croro. Tlo ASI las commoncod llo consorvalion
projocl from }anuary, 2004 onvards and il vas formaIIy Iaunclod in Iobruary, 2004.
NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF INDIA
Tlo NalionaI Arclivos of India (NAI), Nov DoIli (formorIy, ImporiaI Rocord Doparlmonl)
vas oslabIislod in KoIIala on 11 Marcl, 1891 laving RogionaI Offico al BlopaI and llroo
Rocord Conlros al Blubanosvar, }aipur and Iondiclorry. Il is llo officiaI cuslodian of aII
non-curronl rocord of pormanonl vaIuo lo llo GOI and ils prodocossor bodios.
NATIONAL MISSION FOR MANUSCRIPTS
Tlo NalionaI Mission for Manuscripls (5 yoar projocl) vas Iaunclod in Iobruary, 2003 by
llo Minislry of CuIluro lo savo manuscripls vill IGNCA as nodaI agoncy. Ils primary
objoclivo is lo rocIaim Indias inlorilanco of InovIodgo conlainod in llo vasl lroasuro of
manuscripls.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
Tlo NalionaI Musoum oslabiIislod in 1949 and las boon funclioning as a subordinalo offico
undor llo Minislry of CuIluro sinco 1960.
INSTITUTE OF HISTORY OF ART, CONSERVATION AND MUSEOLOGY
Tlo NalionaI Musoum Inslilulo of Hislory of Arl, Consorvalion and MusooIogy oslabIislod
in 1989 as doomod lo bo univorsily al Nov DoIli as an aulonomous organisalion fuIIy
fundod by llo Minislry of CuIluro and is onIy Musoum Univorsily in India, prosonlIy
funclioning al llo firsl fIoor of NalionaI Musoum, Nov DoIli. As por ils Momorandum
of Associalion, llo Diroclor GonoraI, NalionaI Musoum is llo ox-officio Vico-ClancoIIor
of llis Univorsily.
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NATIONAL LIBRARY
Tlo NalionaI Iibrary, KoIIala vas oslabIislod in 1948 vill llo passing of llo imporiaI
Iibrary (Clango of Namo) Acl, 1948. Tlo basis funclions of llo Iibrary, vlicl onjoys llo
slalus of an inslilulion of nalionaI imporlanco, aro: (i) Acquisilion and consorvalion of aII
significanl produclion of prinlod maloriaI (lo llo oxcIusion onIy of oplomora) as voII as
of manuscripls of nalionaI imporlanco, (ii) CoIIoclion of prinlod maloriaI concorning llo
counlry, no mallor vloro llis is pubIislod, (iii) Rondoring of bibIiograplicaI and docu-
monlary sorvicos of curronl and rolrospoclivo maloriaI.
CENTRAL SECRETARIAT LIBRARY
Tlo ConlraI Socrolarial Iibrary (CSI) (ImporiaI Socrolarial Iibrary, KoIIala) vas oslabIislod
in 1891 and sinco 1969, las boon lousod al Slaslri Blavan, Nov DoIli. Tlo coIIoclion of
Aroa Sludios Division is uniquo in vlicl booIs lavo boon arrangod according lo goograplicaI
aroa. Tlo CSI is aIso a MicrofiIm roposilory undor MicrofiIming of Indian IubIicalion Irojocl
(MIII). Tlo CSI is mainIy rosponsibIo for ovoraII coIIoclion and dovoIopmonl on aII subjocls
usofuI in poIicy docision-maIing procoss. Tlo Iibrary las lvo branclos, namoIy, Hindi and
RogionaI Ianguagos Wing popuIarIy Inovn as TuIsi Sadan Iibrary, BalavaIpur Houso, Nov
and a Toxl BooI Iibrary Iocalod al R.K. Iuram, Nov DoIli. Tlo CSI las roconlIy Iaunclod,
a porlaI India Informalion Galovay and ils Wob Silo lllp://vvv.csI.nic.in vas inaugu-
ralod by Socrolary, Minislry of CuIluro on 21 Marcl, 2005.
CENTRE FOR CULTURAL RESOURCES AND TRAINING
Tlo Conlro for CuIluraI Rosourcos and Training (CCRT), oslabIislod in May, 1979 as an
aulonomous body by llo India govornmonl and curronlIy oporaling undor Minislor of
CuIluro vill loadquarlor in Nov DoIli and 2 rogionaI conlros al Udaipur and Hydorabad.
CCRT impIomonls llo CuIluraI TaIonl Soarcl ScloIarslip Sclomo, vlicl vas laIon ovor
from llo Doparlmonl of CuIluro in 1982. Tlo sclomo offors aboul 350 scloIarslips ovory
yoar lo oulslanding cliIdron (` 10000 p.m.)(ago 1014) sludying oillor in rocognisod
sclooIs or boIonging lo famiIios praclicing lradilionaI porforming or ollor arls lo dovoIop
lloir laIonl in various cuIluraI fioIds parlicuIarIy in raro arl forms. Tlo scloIarslips
conlinuo liII llo ago of 20 yoars or llo firsl yoar of a Univorsily dogroo. Tlo Conlro las
inslilulod CCRT Toaclors Avard carrios vill il a cilalion, a pIaquo, an angavaslram and
a casl prizo of ` 10,000. Givon ovory yoar.
ZONAL CULTURAL CENTRES
ZonaI CuIluraI Conlros lavo boon concopluaIisod vill llo aim of projocling cuIluraI Iinslip
vlicl lranscond lorriloriaI boundarios. Tlo sovon zonaI cuIluraI conlros voro oslabIislod
during 198586 al IaliaIa, KoIIala, Tlanjavur, Udaipur, AIIalabad, Dimapur and Nagpur.
Tlo parlicipalion of slalos in moro llan ono zonaI cuIluraI conlro according lo lloir cuIluraI
IinIago is a spociaI foaluro of llo composilion. Will llo approvaI of llo Cabinol a Corpus
fund for oacl ZCC vas croalod by Govornmonl of India and llo parlicipaling Slalo
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Govornmonls lo onabIo llo ZCCs lo financo lloir aclivilios from llo inlorosl oarnod on
llo invoslmonl of llis Corpus Iund. Tlo Govornmonl of India las providod a granl of
` 5 croros lo oacl ZCC and oacl consliluonl slalo las boon providod ` 1 croro. In llo ovonl
of a Slalo boing a mombor of moro llan ono conlro, llo Slalos conlribulion vouId nol
oxcood ` 1 croro in aII. Irom 1993 aII llo ZonaI CuIluraI Conlros lavo boon sonding lloir
foII arlislos for parlicipalion in llo RopubIic Day IoII Danco IoslivaI vlicl is inauguralod
by llo HonbIo Irosidonl of India ovory yoar on 24ll/25ll }anuary al llo TaIIalora Indoor
Sladium. Undor llo NalionaI CuIluraI Ixclango Irogrammo (NCII), oxclangos of arlisls
bolvoon difforonl rogion villin llo counlry laIo pIaco. To promolo nov laIonls in llo
fioId of music and danco a sclomo of Guru Slislya Iarampara las boon inlroducod vloro
maslors viII bo idonlifiod in llo zono, pupiI assignod lo llom and scloIarslip providod
for llo purposo. Tlo ZCCs aIso provido promolion and marIoling faciIilios lo craflsmon
llrougl SliIpgrams.
NATIONAL GALLERY OF MODERN ART
Tlo NalionaI GaIIory of Modorn Arl (NGMA), Nov DoIli vas foundod in 1954 foIIovod
by NGMA Mumbai 1996, vliIo a nov ono is boing sol up al BangaIoro.
INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE ARTS
Tlo Indira Gandli NalionaI Conlro for llo Arls (IGNCA) oslabIislod in 1985 in llo momory
of llo Ialo Irimo Minislor Sml. Indira Gandli. Tlo IGNCA las boon dosignalod as a nodaI
agoncy for solling up a NalionaI Dala BanI on Arls, Humanilios and CuIluraI Horilago.
A major inilialivo is a CuIluraI Informalics Iab (CII), vlicl ompIoys an inlogralod
mollodoIogy lo dovoIop appIicalions lo accoss divorso modia aII fioIds roIaling lo arls
llrougl muIlimodia and digilaI loclnoIogy. BroadIy, llo major aclivilios of CII can bo
cIassifiod undor llroo calogorios of digilizalion, vob-onabIod digilaI Iibrary and CRDROM/
DVDROM projocl.
1. KaIa Nidli (llo muIli-form Iibrary)
2. KaIa Kosa (dovolod lo llo sludy and pubIicalion of fundamonlaI loxls in Indian
Ianguagos)
3. }anapada Sampada (ongagod in IifoslyIo sludios)
4. KaIadarsana (llo oxoculivo unil)
5. CuIluraI Informalics Iab (appIios loclnoIogy looIs)
6. Sularadlara (llo adminislralivo soclion)
NATIONAL MISSION ON MONUMENTS AND ANTIQUITIES (NMMA)
Ils mandalo incIudos proparalion of a NalionaI Rogislor for BuiIl Horilago, Silos and
Anliquos and solling up of a slalo IovoI dalabaso on BuiIl Horilago, Silos and Anliquarian
INDIA 2011
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voaIll for informalion and dissominalion lo pIannors, rosoarclors olc. and bollor man-
agomonl of sucl cuIluraI rosourcos.
India Tourism DovoIopmonl Corporalion (ITDC) is llo onIy IubIic Soclor UndorlaIing
of llo Minislry of Tourism. Incorporalod on 1sl Oclobor, 1966, llo ITDC pIayod a
Ioy roIo in llo dovoIopmonl of lourism infraslrucluro in llo counlry. Tlo prosonl
nolvorI of ITDC consisls of 8 AsloI Group of HoloIs, 7 }oinl Vonluro HoloIs, 3
Roslauranls (IncIuding ono Airporl Roslauranl), 11 Transporl Unils, 1 Tourisl Sorvico
Slalion, Duly Iroo Slops al Goa and Coimbaloro Airporls, 1 Tax Iroo OulIol, and
4 Caloring OulIols. Bosidos ITDC is aIso managing a loloI al Blaralpur, Tourisl
CompIox al Kosi and a Son-ol-Iumoiro (SII) slov al Sabannali, Almodabad.
To conform lo llo oxpoclod slandards for difforonl cIassos of lourisls, ospociaIIy from
llo poinl of viov of suilabiIily for inlornalionaI lourisls, llo Minislry of Tourism cIassifios
loloIs undor llo slar syslom in six calogorios, from Ono lo Iivo Slar DoIuxo and Horilago
HoloIs (inlroducod in 1994) vlicl is undorlaIon by llo HoloI and Roslauranl ApprovaI
and CIassificalion Commilloo (HRACC), sol up by llo Minislry of Tourism.
Horilago HoloI: A spociaI calogory for cIassificalion of lorilago loloIs las boon
inlroducod lo covor funclioning of loloIs in paIacos, lavoIios, caslIos, forls and
rosidoncos buiIl prior lo 1950.
IncrodibIo India Bod and BroaIfasl Sclomo: Tlo Sclomo offors foroign and domoslic
lourisls an opporlunily lo slay vill Indian famiIy and onjoy llo varm lospilaIily
and a laslo of Indian cuIluro and cuisino in a cIoan and affordabIo pIaco.
Tlo Minislry of Tourism, llougl ils 14 officos ovorsoas ondoavours lo posilion Indian
in llo lourism gonoraling marIols as a proforrod lourism doslinalion, lo promolo
various lourism producls and lo incroaso Indias slaro in llo gIobaI lourism marIol.
A Visil India Yoar 2009 Sclomo vas Iaunclod by llo Minislry of Tourism in ApriI
2009 in coIIaboralion vill aII slaIoloIdors incIuding airIinos, loloIs, lour oporalors,
for inconlivising lravoI lo India.
As parl of llo coIobralion of llo Yoar of India in Russia moga promolionaI ovonls
foaluring Indian cuIluro and cuisino voro loId in Moscov and Sl. Iolorsburg in
Soplombor 2009.
Tlo Minislry of Tourism supporlod a major India promolionaI ovonl India CaIIing
Organizod by llo NalionaI Goograplic Socioly in Ios AngoIos in Soplombor 2009.
NATIONAL RESEARCH LABORATORY FOR CONSERVATION
OF CULTURAL PROPERTY
Tlo NalionaI Rosoarcl Iaboralory for Consorvalion of CuIluraI Iroporly (NRIC), vlicl
vas oslabIislod in 1976, is a Subordinalo Offico of llo Doparlmonl of CuIluro, and is
rocognisod by llo Doparlmonl of Scionco and ToclnoIogy as a scionlific inslilulion of llo
Govornmonl of India. Tlo loadquarlors of NRIC is silualod in IucInov, and a rogionaI
conlro of llo NRIC, llo RogionaI Consorvalion Iaboralory is funclioning in Mysoro.
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INDIA 2011
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SECTORAL RATES OF GROWTH
BasicEconomic
Data
6
INDIA 2011
72
Tlo Minislry of Slalislics and Irogrammo ImpIomonlalion is llo liglosl aullorily
in llo slalislicaI syslom laving lvo vings: (i) Slalislics Wing (ii) Irogrammo
ImpIomonlalion Wing. Tlo minislry incIudos, inlor-aIia, llo ConlraI SlalislicaI
Organisalion (CSO) and llo NalionaI SampIo Survoy Organisalion (NSSO).
- - (CSO) Iocalod in DoIli vill a brancl al KoIIala,
is rosponsibIo for formuIalion and mainlonanco of slalislicaI slandards and dala and
issuos roIalod lo slalislicaI aclivilios.
oslabiIislod in 1950 for conducling sampIo
survoys lo mool llo dala noods for llo oslimalion of nalionaI incomo and ollor
aggrogalos. In 1970, il vas roslruclurod undor llo namo of nalionaI sampIo survoy
organisalion (NSSO) aflor combining aII aspocls of survoy vorI undor llo loclnicaI
guidanco of a Govorning CounciI. - -- (i) Survoy Dosign and
Rosoarcl Division, loadquarlors al KoIIala (ii) IioId Oporalions Division, loadquarlors
al Nov DoIli vill a nolvorI of 6 zonaI officos Iocalod al BangIuru, Guvalali, }aipur,
KoIIala, IucInov and Nagpur, 49 rogionaI officos and 116 sub-rogionaI officos
(iii) Dala Irocossing Division, loadquarlors al KoIIala, funclions llrougl llo Dala
procossing Conlros al Almodabad, BangaIuru, Nov DoIli, Giridl, KoIIala and
Nagpur (iv) Co-ordinalion and IubIicalion Division, Iocalod al Nov DoIli.
Tlo socio-oconomic survoys aro survoys on Consumor Ixpondiluro, ImpIoymonl-
UnompIoymonl, SociaI Consumplion IiIo loaIll, Iducalion olc., Manufacluring as
voII Sorvico Soclor Inlorprisos in llo Unorganizod Soclor boing covorod onco in fivo
yoars, vliIo survoys on Iand and IivoslocI HoIding, Dobl and Invoslmonl, olc. aro
covorod onco in 10 yoars. In 1977, llo - - (CSO) las
laIon a counlryvido Iconomic Consus lo provido a framo for conducling foIIov-
up survoys for coIIoclion of dolaiIod informalion. Tlo socond and llird Iconomic
Consusos voro conduclod in 1980 and 1990 aIong vill louso Iisling oporalion of 1981
and1991 IopuIalion Consusos rospoclivoIy. Tlo fourll Iconomic Consus vas conduclod
during 1998 in aII Slalos/UTs in coIIaboralion vill concornod Slalo/UT Dirocloralos
of Iconomics and Slalislics. Tlo Iifll Iconomic Consus vas conduclod in llo yoar
2005 in aII llo Slalos/UTs again in coIIaboralion vill Slalo/UT Dirocloralos of
Iconomics & Slalislics. Tlo Consus covorod aII onlropronouriaI aclivilios llrougloul
llo counlry (oxcopl crop produclion and pIanalion). Tlo finaI rosuIls of Iconomic
Consus 2005 voro roIoasod on 29ll May, 2008. Irom Iifll Iconomic Consus llo vord
onlorpriso is boing ropIacod by oslabIislmonl.
Tlo -- (ASI) is llo main sourco of induslriaI slalislics in
India. Tlo survoy is conduclod annuaIIy undor llo CoIIoclion of Slalislics Acl, 1953.
Tlo ASI oxlonds lo llo onliro counlry oxcopl llo Slalos of ArunaclaI Iradosl,
Mizoram and SiIIim and llo Union Torrilory of IaIsladvoop. Il covors aII faclorios
rogislorod undor Soclions 2m(i) and 2m(ii) of llo Iaclorios Acl, 1948 aIong vill bidi
cigar manufacluring oslabIislmonls rogislorod undor llo Bidi and Cigar WorIors
(Condilions of ImpIoymonl) Acl, 1966. Tlo fioId vorI is carriod oul by llo IioId
Oporalion Division, NSSO. Tlo CSO procossos llo dala and pubIislos llo rosuIls.
INDIA 2011
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Tlo curronl sorios of indox numbors of vloIosaIo pricos (baso 199394 = 100) vas
inlroducod from ApriI 2000.
Tlo CSO brings oul an annuaI pubIicalion Inorgy Slalislics incorporaling dala on
rosorvos, inslaIIod capacily, polonliaI for gonoralion, produclion, consumplion, imporl,
oxporl and vloIosaIo prico of difforonl onorgy commodilios as avaiIabIo from llo
concornod Iino minislrios of llo GOI.
Tlo Infraslrucluro and Irojocl Moniloring Division in llo Minislry of Slalislics and
Irogrammo impIomonlalion monilors llo porformanco of infraslrucluro soclors and
conlraI soclor projocls cosling ` 20 croro and abovo
Tlo Tvonly Ionl Irogrammo (TII) vas concoivod vill llo objoclivo of improving
llo quaIily of Iifo of llo poopIo, ospociaIIy lloso Iiving boIov llo povorly Iino,
ospociaIIy in llo ruraI aroas.
Tlo Mombor of IarIiamonl IocaI Aroa DovoIopmonl Sclomo (MIIAD) vas Iaunclod
by llo govornmonl of India on 23rd Doc., 1993, lo onabIo Mombors of IarIiamonl
lo rocommond vorIs of dovoIopmonlaI naluro vill omplasis on llo croalion of
durabIo communily assols basod on llo IocaIIy foIl noods lo bo laIon up in lloir
consliluoncios/slalos.
CDS
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INDIA 2011
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-
Coffoo Board BangaIoro, (Slalulory board undor minislry of Commorco.)
Rubbor Board Kolayam, KoraIa (Slalulory board undor minislry of Commorco.)
Toa Board KoIIala, 1sl ApriI (Slalulory board undor minislry of Commorco.)
1948
Tobacco Board Gunlur, AI, 1sl }an, (Slalulory board undor minislry of Commorco.)
Spicos Board Kocli, KoraIa (Slalulory board undor minislry of Commorco.)
1sl }an, 1948
Indian INslilulo of Nov DoIli (Rogislorod socioly and las boon conforrod
Ioroign Trado Doomod Univorsily Slalus.)
Indian Inslilulo of Mumbai (Il is a rogislorod socioly.)
IacIaging (III)
las imporlanl roIo in llo grovll of Indian oconomy vill oxporls majorily
incIudo manufacluring goods(80) and imporls incIudo capilaI goods and inlormodialos.
During 200809 llo vaIuo of Indias oxlornaI lrado roaclod ` 22,15,191 croro.
Indias oxporl acliovod a vaIuo of US$ 168.7 biIIion
rogisloring a grovll of 3.5 againsl 29.1 grovll in provious yoar vill llo sIov dovn
from Soplombor 08 onvards vliIo il las slovn grovll of 31.3 during ApriISopl. 08
09 vill commodilios group oxcIuding marino producls, landicrafls, and carpols vloras
during Ocl.Mar. 0809 a docIino of 19.1 vill aII commodilios rosuIling in nogalivo
grovll.
las slovn incroaso of 14.4 and ils vaIuo roaclod lo US$ 287 biIIion comprising
oiI imporl (16.9 liglor llan provious yoar) (US$ 93.2 biIIion) and non-oiI (13.2 liglor
lllan provious yoar) (US$ 194.6 biIIion).
incroasod from US$ 88.5 biIIion (0708) lo US$ 119.1 biIIion.
7
Commerce
INDIA 2011
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During ApriIIob., 0809, llo slaro of Asia and ASIAN rogion las slovn grovll
and conlribulod 51.4 of lolaI oxporl vloro as slaro of Iuropo and USA conlribulod
23.8 and 16.5 rospoclivoIy for llo samo. Counlyviso, USA conlribulod 12 foIIovod
by Unilod Arab Imiralos (10.8), Clina (5.1), Singaporo (4.7), NollorIands (3.7),
Hong Kong (3.7), U.K. (3.6), Gormany (3.4), Saudi Arabia (3.0), BoIgium (2.6)
and IlaIy (2.2). During 0809, Asia and ASIAN rogion conlribulod 61.7 of India's
lolaI imporls foIIovod by Iuropo (18.7) and Amorica (10.1). Counlry viso, slaro
of Clina vas 10.7 foIIovod by Saudi Arabia (7.1), UAI (6.4) and USA (6.0),
Iran (4.3), SvilzorIand (4.2), Gormany (3.6), Kuvail (3.4), Nigoria (3.2), and
Iraq (2.8).
- During 200910 (ApriIIobruary) major conlribulion in oxporl is givon
by Inginooring Goods (18.1) foIIovod by IolroIoum producls (15.70), Goms & }ov-
soIIory (16.2), ClomicaI incIuding plaramacoulicaIs (8.8) and ToxliIos (9.6).
- Major conlribulion in imporl is givon by IolroIoum Iroducls (30)
foIIovod by, GoId and SiIvor (9.5), Maclinory (7.8), oIoclronics goods (7.21), IoarIs,
procious and somi procious slonos (5.4).
-- Ixporl poIicios and slralogios aro monilorod and formu-
Ialod roguIary. mainIy largolod lvo llings:
(i) DoubIo llo oxporl of goods and sorvicos by 2014 and lo doubIo indias porconlago slaro
of gIobaI lrado by 2020 and lo focus on llo gonoralion of addilionaI ompIoymonl.
--- - MuIliIaloraI nogolialions in llo WTO covor
AgricuIluro, Non-AgricuIluraI MarIol Accoss, Sorvicos and sovoraI ollor aroas sucl as
Trado-roIalod InloIIocluaI Iroporly Riglls and Trado and Invironmonl as parl of a singIo
undorlaIing. In llo WTO, docisions on any issuo aro laIon on llo basis of consonsus
amongsl ils mombors.
A mini-minisloriaI mooling of llo WTO (Gonova, 2129 }uIy, 08) vas loId lo discuss and
finaIiso modaIilios for AgricuIluro and NAMA. SimuIlanoousIy, a mooling on Sorvicos lrado
(a SignaIIing conforonco) vas aIso loId vill llo inlonlion llal onco llo AgricuIluro and
NAMA modaIilios voro finaIisod, llo scloduIing oxorciso aIongvill nogolialion in aII ollor
aroas IiIo sorvicos, ruIos lrado faciIilalion olc. vouId bo compIolod by llo ond of llo yoar.
Hovovor, llo WTO mooling ondod villoul any agroomonl. WliIo in llo Iasl focus vas
onliroIy on llo SpociaI Safoguard Moclanism (SSM) for dovoIoping counlrios. In llo
agricuIluro nogolialions, WTO Mombors discussod modaIilios lo bo usod lo cul lariffs on
agricuIluraI producls and subsidios. Tlo main oIomonls of llo Agroomonl and nogolialions
on AgricuIluro (AOA) aro: (i) marIol accoss, (ii) domoslic supporl and (iii) oxporl com-
polilion.
- of Novombor 2001 commillod Mombors lo com-
prolonsivo nogolialions aimod alsubslanliaI improvomonls in marIol accoss, roduc-
lions of aII forms of oxporl subsidios, and subslanliaI roduclions in lrado-dislorling
domoslic supporl. SpociaI and difforonliaI lroalmonl for dovoIoping counlrios. India
las boon vorIing conslruclivoIy vill lor coaIilion parlnors in dovoIoping counlry
groupings sucl as llo G-20 and llo G-23 in ordor lo acliovo an oulcomo in llo
agricuIluraI nogolialions llal vouId fuIIy rofIocl llo IovoI of ambilion of llo Dola
INDIA 2011
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mandalo and llo inlorosls of dovoIoping counlrios. In llo NAMA nogolialions, India
aIong vill ils coaIilion parlnors in llo NAMA 11 las boon nogolialing for fIoxibiIilios
llal aro boll adoqualo and approprialo for prolocling ils sonsilivo soclors and nasconl
induslrios for llo impacl of lariff roduclions or bindings. Tlo nogolialing mandalo
agrood by aII llo mombors of llo WTO is conlainod in llo Dola MinisloriaI DocIaralion
of 14 Novombor, 2001 vlicl vas furllor oIaboralod and compIomonlod by llo GonoraI
CounciI Docision of 1 Augusl, 2004 (llo }uIy IramovorI) and llo Hong Kong MinisloriaI
DocIaralion of 18 Docombor, 2005. Al Hong Kong, llo Trado Minislors of llo WTO
Mombors lad rosoIvod lo compIolo llo nogolialions in 2006. Hovovor, llo nogolialions
voro suspondod on 24 }uIy, 2006 and nogolialions again rosumod on 7 Iobruary, 2007.
During llo mini-minisloriaI mooling loId in }uIy 2008 lo finaIiso AgricuIluro and NAMA
modaIilios, a SignaIIing Conforonco on Sorvicos vas aIso loId. Al llo conforonco, India
signaIIod llal il las aIroady pul an rovisod offor on llo labIo and furllor rosponso
vouId dopond on llo rosponso lo llal. Tlo IC and llo US aIso gavo signaIs in lloir
Modo 4 offors bul signaIs voro unambiguous in lorms of llo improvomonls boing
offorod by llom and modaIilios on llo agricuIluro and NAMA couId nol bo finaIizod.
During llo WTOs Hong Kong MinisloriaI Mooling loId in Docombor 2005 il vas
docidod llal aII dovoIopod counlrios, and dovoIoping counlrios docIaring llomsoIvos
in a posilion lo do so, vouId provido Duly Iroo Quola Iroo marIol accoss for aII
producls originaling from aII IDCs (Ioasl dovoIoping counlrios). In Iino vill llo abovo
mandalo, llo Irimo Minislor of India Iaunclod Duly Iroo Tariff Iroforonco (DITI)
Sclomo lo providos duly froo and proforonliaI duly accoss on 94 of Indias lolaI lariff
Iinos. To avaiI DITI, llo bonoficiary counlrios lavo lo submil Iollors of inlonl and
dolaiIs of agoncios/officiaIs aullorisod lo issuo llo corlificalos of origin lo llo Gov-
ornmonl of India.
ToclnicaI IovoI discussions lavo laIon pIaco llrougl 2009 and 2010 bul lloro las boon
no progross on subslanlivo issuos. Al a slocI laIing oxorciso of nogolialions loId in llo
WTO in Marcl, 2010, mombors in gonoraI oxprossod a viIIingnoss lo conlinuo vorIing
lovards an oarIy concIusion of llo round basod on oslabIislod principIos.
AUTONOMOUS BODIES
- -
Coffoo Board Coffoo Acl, 1942 Il is llo oIdosl Board undor llo Doparlmonl of Com-
morco. Tlo Board is loadod by a Clairporson and
funclions from BangaIoro. Tlo Board adminislors
four RogionaI Coffoo Rosoarcl Slalions, a Coffoo Ro-
soarcl Inslilulo, a numbor of Rogion IioId Slalions
and Coffoo Domonslralion Iarms.
Rubbor Board Rubbor Acl, 1947 Hoadquarlors al Kollayam and fivo ZonaI Officos,
llirly-nino RogionaI Offico numbor of IioId Slalions,
Rubbor DovoIopmonl Conlros and RogionaI nursory.
Il is loadod by a Clairman.
INDIA 2011
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Toa Board Toa Acl, 1953 Conslilulod as a slalulory body on 1 ApriI 1954 and
is loadod by a Clairman vill load offico al KoII-
ala.
Tobacco Board Tobacco Acl, 1975 Il vas sol up as a slalulory body on 1 }anuary, 1976
and llo Board vill loadquarlors al Gunlur in
Andlra Iradosl, is loadod by a Clairman and is
rosponsibIo for llo dovoIopmonl of llo lobacco in-
duslry. Tlo Board aIso las a Dirocloralo Auclions al
BangaIoro. Tlo primary funclions of llo Board in-
cIudo llo roguIaling produclion and curing of Vir-
ginia Tobacco, Iooping a conslanl valcl on llo
Virginia Tobacco marIol in India and abroad.
Spicos Board Spicos Board Acl, 1986 Il vas conslilulod as a slalulory body on 26 Iobru-
ary, 1987 and llo Board las ils load offico al Kocli
and is loadod by a Clairman.
SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES
India oslabiIislod Asias firsl IIZ solup, KandIa, in 1965 foIIovod by sovon moro zono
lloroaflor bul duo lo fIav in IIZ modoI il faiIod llon aflor romoving slorlcomings of
llis modoI and adding somo nov foaluros SpociaI Iconomic Zonos (SIZs) poIicy is Iaunclod
in ApriI 2000 vill llo inlonlion lo boosl oconomic grovll vill llo loIp of quaIily infra
and allraclivo fiscaI pacIago, boll al conlro and slalo IovoI.
A dosignalod duly froo oncIavo lo bo lroalod as foroign lorrilory onIy for lrado
oporalions and dulios and lariffs.
No Iiconco roquirod for imporl.
Manufacluring or sorvico aclivilios aIIovod.
SIZ unils lo bo posilivo nol foroign oxclango oarnor villin llroo yoars.
Domoslic saIos subjocl lo fuII cusloms duly and imporl poIicy in forco.
IuII froodom for subconlracling.
No roulino oxaminalion by cusloms aullorilios of oxporl/imporl cargo.
In ordor lo imparl slabiIily lo SIZ poIicy, SpociaI Iconomic Zono Acl, 2005 supporlod
by SIZ ruIos las boon onaclod vlicl camo inlo offocl on 10ll Iob, 06. Undor llo Acl,
offors for promolion of invoslmonl, incIuding foroign invoslmonl aro: duly froo
imporl/domoslic procuromonl of goods for dovoIopmonl, oporalion and mainlonanco
of SIZ unils, 100 Incomo Tax oxomplion on oxporl incomo for SIZ unils undor Soclion
10AA of llo Incomo Tax Acl for firsl 5 yoars, 50 for noxl 5 yoars lloroaflor and 50
of llo pIouglod bacI oxporl profil for noxl 5 yoars, oxomplion from ConlraI SaIos Tax,
oxomplion from Sorvico Tax and singIo vindov cIoaranco moclanism for oslabIislmonl
of unils.
INDIA 2011
78

20042005 18,314 32
20052006 22,840 24.70
20062007 34,615 52
20072008 66,638 92
20082009 99,689 50
-- - (IIZs) Iocalod al KandIa and Sural (Gujaral), Sanla
Cruz (Malarasllra), Coclin (KoraIa), Clonnai (TamiI Nadu), VisaIlapalnam (Andlra
Iradosl), IaIla (Wosl BongaI) and Noida (U.I.) lavo boon convorlod inlo SpociaI Iconomic
Zonos. A lolaI of 91 SIZs aro maIing oxporls. Oul of llis 43 aro IT/ITIS, 13 MuIli producl
and 35 ollor soclor spocific SIZs.
- NoIia SpociaI Iconomic Zono (ToIocom oquipmonls SIZ), Malindra Cily
SIZ, (ApparoIs and faslion accossorios, IT/lardvaro, aulo anciIIary), IIoxlronics SIZ,
(IIoclronic Hardvaro SIZ), ITI Infraslrucluro IT SIZ, TamiI Nadu.
Apaclo SIZ (Adidas Group) (Ioolvoar SIZ), Wipro Iimilod, (IT SIZ), Divvys Iab-
oralorios Iimilod, (Ilarma SIZ), Andlra Iradosl Mundra Iorl and SpociaI Iconomic
Zono, (MuIli producl SIZ), Gujaral Wipro Iimilod, 2 SIZs in Sarjapur and IIoclronic Cily
(IT SIZ), Biocon Iimilod, (Biolocl SIZ), Manyala Iromolors Irivalo Iimilod, (IT/ITIS
SIZ), KarnalaIa, Sorum Bio-Ilarma IarI, (Ilarma SIZ), Malarasllra Airporl DovoIop-
monl Corporalion Iimilod, (MuIli producl SIZ), Malarasllra,4 Clandigarl Adminislra-
lion, (IT SIZ), Clandigarl, Hydorabad Goms Iimilod, Hydorabad (-
), RoIianco }amnagar Infraslrucluro Ild. (MuIli Iroducl), SuzIon Infraslrucluro Ild.
(Hi-locl Inginooring Iroducls & roIalod sorvicos).
SEZs: Important Investments

Navi Mumbai NMSIZ Dovl. MuIliproducl
Company
}amnagar RoIianco IolroclomicaIs
Infraslrucluro
}lajjar RoIianco Induslrios MuIliproducl
Gurgaon DII UnivorsaI MuIliproducl
Mundra Mundra SIZ MuIliproducl
DloIora (Gujaral) Adani Ixporls MuIliproducl
Mysoro }ubIianl Organosys BioloclnoIogy
Aurangabad Bajaj Aulo AulomobiIos
Clonnai TCS Infolocl
INDIA 2011
79
Gurgaon DII Cybor Cily Infolocl
Hydorabad, BangaIoro Wipro Infolocl
MolaIi Ranbaxy IlarmacoulicaIs
Groalor Noida Mosor Baor Inorgy
: Tlo Soullorn African Cusloms Union (SACU), llo oIdosl in llo vorId,
comprisos Soull Africa, Iosollo, SvaziIand, Bolsvana and Namibia. India and SACU lavo
oxprossod lloir inlonl lo onlor inlo a IroforonliaI Trado Agroomonl (ITA) and lavo
commoncod nogolialions for ITA in Oclobor, 2007 and llroo moolings of llo nogolialing
loams lavo laIon pIaco so far. India and SACU signod a Momorandum of Undorslanding,
during llo llird round of nogolialions loId in Nov DoIli on 2527 Novombor, 2008.
- A Comprolonsivo Iconomic Cooporalion and Iarlnorslip
Agroomonl (CICIA) aimod al boosling biIaloraI lrado, invoslmonl and gonoraI oconomic
cooporalion bolvoon India and Maurilius is boing nogolialod.
- Tlo Irogrammo vas Iaunclod vill focus on onIy sovon counlrios
of Sub-Salaran African (SSA) Rogion, namoIy, Soull Africa, Nigoria, Maurilius, Tanzania,
Konya, Glana and Illiopia vlicl Ialor on oxlondod lo incIudo AngoIa, Bolsvana, Ivory-
Coasl, Madagascar, Mozambiquo, SonogaI, SoycloIIos, Uganda, Zambia, Namibia and
Zimbabvo, aIong vill llo six counlrios of Norll Africa, viz., Igypl, Iibya, Tunisia, Sudan,
Morocco and AIgoria. Tlo Iocus Africa Irogrammo is conlinuing for llo sovonll yoar
during 200809.
- - Tlo Iuropoan Union (IU)
prosonlIy consisls of 27 counlrios. Tloso counlrios aro Auslria, BoIgium, Cyprus, Czocl
RopubIic, DonmarI, Islonia, IinIand, Iranco, Gormany, Grooco, Hungary, IroIand, IlaIy,
Ialvia, Iilluania, Iuxombourg, MaIla, Tlo NollorIands, IoIand, IorlugaI, SIovaI RopubIic,
SIovonia, Spain, Svodon, UK, BuIgaria and Romania. India and IU lavo foIIoving
agroomonl: (i) India-IU Coorporalion Agroomonl on Iarlnorslip and DovoIopmonl Aug.,
1994 (ii) India-IU Slralogic Sopl.05. India aIso las biIaloraI oconomic Agroomonls vill
26 IU counlrios individuaIIy in llo aroas of lrado lo avoid doubIo laxalion vloro as for
invoslmonls and promolions/proloclions vill 22 counlrios of Iuropo, incIuding 17 counlrios
of IU. India-IU biIaloraI roIalions aro roviovod on llo basis of roporls givon by llroo
Sub-Commissions on Trado, Iconomic Cooporalion and DovoIopmonl Cooporalion and
nino }oinl vorIing groups on issuos roIalod vill agricuIluro and marino producls, loxliIos,
informalion loclnoIogy and communicalions, consuIar mallors, onvironmonl, slooI, food
procossing induslrios, plarmacoulicaIs and bio-loclnoIogy and loclnicaI barriors lo lrado
(TBT)/sanilary and plylo sanilary (SIS) by llo India-IC }oinl Commission, Iasl mooling
loId on }uIy, 08.
MMTC Iimilod is Indias Iargosl lrading company vill an annuaI businoss
lurnovor cIoso lo US$ 8 biIIion. Il is llo Iargosl oxporlor of MinoraIs and Oros from India,
Ioading oxporlor/imporlor of Agro commodilios, singIo Iargosl imporlor/suppIior of BuIIion,
a major pIayor in llo CoaI and Hydrocarbons and Non-Iorrous MolaIs imporls by llo
counlry and ono of Indias Iargosl buyors of Iinislod IorliIizors and IorliIizor Rav
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MaloriaIs. MMTC las oarIior sol up NooIanclaI Ispal Nigam Iimilod (NINI) an iron and
slooI pIanl of 1.1 miIIion lonno capacily and a 0.8 miIIion lonno coIo ovon pIanl vill caplivo
povor pIanls, joinlIy vill llo Govornmonl of Odisla al a lolaI capilaI oulIay of noarIy
` 2000 croro. Singaporo in Oclobor, 1994 vlicl loIds GIobaI Trador slalus avard givon
by InlornalionaI Inlorpriso, Singaporo in 2000. MMTC pIans lo sol up in parlnorslip vill
a Ioading Indian company, a clain of rolaiI sloros al various cilios in India for modaIIions,
jovoIIory and ils lomo grovn brand of SANCHI siIvorvaro. MMTC las aIroady pro-
molod dovoIopmonl of a lomporary jolly al Innoro porl for Ioading iron oro lo docongosl
Clonnai porl. MMTC is aIso a mombor of a consorlium vlicl is conslrucling pormanonl
iron oro Ioading borll al Innoro vlicl is oxpoclod lo bo commisionod by oarIy 2010.
MMTC is aIso a parlnor in anollor consorlium, vlicl las boon avardod llo projocl for
conslruclion of a doop drafl iron oro borll al Iaradip porl as voII. Moroovor, lo faciIilalo
promolion of lvo vays lrado MMTC looI Ioad in solling up froo lrado and varolousing
zonos al Groalor Noida, HaIdia and KandIa. MMTC las aIso aIroady acquirod raiIvay
raIos undor llo Ovn Your Wagon Sclomo of llo Indian RaiIvays, bosidos commissioning
a crusling and scrooning pIanl in BoIIary-Hospol soclor lo produco caIiboralod Iumpy iron
oro. MMTC las onlorod inlo cIoan povor soclor llal is onvironmonl and oco-friondIy by
solling up and oporaling a 15 MW Wind Iovor farm in KarnalaIa.
Tlo Slalo Trading Corporalion of India Ild. (STC) is promior inlornalionaI lrading
company ongagod in oxporls, imporls and domoslic lrado for ovor fivo docados. Tlo
corporalion las pIayod a Ioy roIo in llo Indian oconomy. Il las aclod as an arm of llo
GOI nol onIy lo roguIalo foroign lrado bul aIso for inlorvonlion in llo domoslic marIol.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
Patents
An invonlion is palonlabIo if il is nov, if il invoIvos a non-obvious slop and if il is
induslriaIIy appIicabIo. (IxampIo: Safoly vaIvo moclanism of a prossuro cooIor). Ialonl
slaII bo avaiIabIo for any invonlions, vlollor producls or procoss, in aII fioIds of locl-
noIogy, providod lloy aro nov. Tloy invoIvo an invonlivo slalo and aro capabIo of
induslriaI appIicalion. Tlo Ialonl oxpiry poriod is 20 yoars. Tlo Ialonl noods lo bo provod
nov by llroo diagnosis and oxporimonlalion incIuding rosoarcl oxporimonlaI aspocl as voII
as commorciaI aspocl. Tlo Ialonl is nol onIy appIicabIo lo producl bul aIso lo pIanl variolios
and aIso - - producl variolios.
Industrial Designs
RoIalo lo llo slapo, configuralion, pallorn or ornamonl appIiod lo an arlicIo by an induslriaI
procoss of moans vlollor manuaI, clomicaI or moclanicaI (slapo of a landIo or body
porlion of prossuro cooIor). India las Dosigns Acl of 1911. In llis loclnoIogicaI and
funclionaI aspocls aro incIudod oul of dosigns vloroas llo boaulificalion and llo oulor
dosign aro parl of induslriaI dosign. Tloro aro lvo basos of InduslriaI Dosign: 1. Il slouId
bo nov (novico), AND 2. Il slouId bo fundamonlaI.
INDIA 2011
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Trade Marks
Any sign, or any combinalion of signs capabIo of dislinguisling llo goods or sorvicos
of ono undorlaIing from lloso of ollor undorlaIings, slaII bo capabIo of consliluling a
lradomarI. Sucl Signs, in parlicuIar vords incIuding porsonaI namos, Iollors, numoraIs,
figuralivo oIomonls and combinalion of coIours as voII as any combinalion of sucl signs
aro oIigibIo (Irosligo prossuro cooIor). Ivon llo sorvicos aro incIudod and for llis sorvico
marI is usod. IssonliaIIy, a lradomarI or a sorvico marI onabIos a porson lo maIo a
dislinclion bolvoon producls and suppIiors. No ono can copy llo TM of a company. In
India llo TM Iav is guidod by Trado and Morclandiso MarIs Acl 1958 (TMMA). In 1993,
an amondmonl vas sougll in llis fioId lo prolocl llo lrado marI, bul il vas nol passod.
IinaIIy in Doc., 1995 llo parIiamonl passod llo amondmonl and nov ovon provisions of
proloclion of TM is lloro.
Geographical Indications
Indicalions vlicl idonlify a goods as originalion in llo lorrilory of a mombor, or a rogion
or IocaIily in llal lorrilory, vloro a givon quaIily, ropulalion or ollor claraclorislic of llo
good is ossonliaIIy allribulabIo lo llo rogion (DarjooIing loa). In India lloro is no spocific
Iav on G.I. In 1999 a nov Iav las boon mado vlicl las foIIoving provisions: (i) MarIoling
and produclion of anylling oulsido ils originaling pIaco viII bo prolibilod, (ii) MarIoling
of llo samo producl in llo samo namo viII bo prolibilod.
Trade Secrets
Socrol informalions vlicl is nol gonoraIIy Inovn and accossibIo, informalion vlicl las
commorciaI vaIuo bocauso il is socrol and llo porson in conlroI of llo informalion las laIon
slops lo Ioop il socrol (Coca CoIa formuIa).
Integrated Circuits
Will rogard lo llo Troaly on InloIIocluaI Iroporly in Rospocl of Inlogralod Circuils
mombors agrood lo provido proloclion lo llo Iayoul-dosigns (lopograplios) of inlogralod
circuils.
Copyright and Related Rights
Tlis is guidod by Born Convonlion. In India, a biII roIalod lo copyrigll vas inlroducod
in 1993 by amonding Trado and Morclanl MarIs Acl of 1958. Aroas of ils impIicalions:
(a) plonogram and informalion inslilulos aclors and producors, (b) compulor lo bo pro-
loclod as a Iilorary vorI and (c) Ivon dramalic vorI is incIudod bul il doos nol incIudo
a cinomalograpl.
INDIA 2011
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POSTS
Tlo poslaI syslom, oslabIislod in 1766 by Iord CIivo foIIovod by oslabIislmonl of G.I.O.
in CaIculla (1774, Warron Haslings). Iirsl Iosl Offico Acl of 1837 roguIalod llo Iosl Offico
on a uniform basis as aII India sorvico aflor combining llo posl offico organisalion of llo
llroo Irosidoncios. Tlo Iosl Offico Acl of 1854 roconslruclod llo slrucluro of llo poslaI
syslom and llo Iosl Offico of India vas pIacod on llo prosonl adminislralivo fooling on
1sl Ocl., 1854. Indian Iosl Offico Acl, 1898 is roguIaling curronl poslaI syslom.
Bosidos providing poslaI communicalion faciIilios, llo Iosl Offico nolvorI las aIso
providod faciIilios for romillanco of funds, banIing and insuranco sorvicos from llo Iallor
laIf of llo 19ll conlury.
Tlo Doparlmonl las aboul 2.18 Iacs doparlmonlaI ompIoyoos and aboul 2.76 Iacs Gramin
DaI SovaIs as on 31sl Marcl, 2009.
- dividod inlo lvo cIassos --- o.g., Iosl Cards, Iollors and onvo-
Iopos, aro givon airIifl vlorovor found advanlagoous bolvoon slalions connoclod by air.
-- booI pacIols, rogislorod novspapors and poriodicaIs aro carriod
by surfaco lransporl.
-
Advancod IovoI ToIocom Glaziabad, (Il vas sol up vill assislanco of UNDI and
(AITTC) 1975 InlornalionaI ToIocommunicalins Union. Il is
an ISO 9001 : 2000 corlifiod inslilulo)
Blaral Ralna Blim Rao }abaIpur
AmbodIar Inslilulo of
ToIocom Training (BRBRAITT)
ToIocommunicalion Nov DoIli (Il is an S&T Inslilulion of Dopl. of ToIocom.)
Inginooring Conlro
Communication
8
INDIA 2011
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NEW MAIL PARADIGM
MaiI Businoss Conlros (MBCs) aro oslabIislod as an inlogralod maiI businoss-lub for
coIIoclion, procossing and doIivory of (buII) maiI and up lo Marcl, 09, No. of MBCs roaclod
lo 161. Ior quicI procossing and doIivory, Tlo Doparlmonl las pIans lo oslabIisl Aulomalic
MaiI Irocossing Conlros vloroas lo rosoIvo lransmission probIoms, lo inlroduco lvo moro
froigllor aircrafl ollor llan NI Sorvico (firsl froigllor aircrafl inducod in llo Norll-Iasl
Rogion(KoIIala-Guvalali-ImplaI-AgarlaIa-KaIIala roulo on a daiIy basis).
INTERNATIONAL MAILS
India is a mombor of llo UnivorsaI IoslaI Union (UIU) as voII of llo Asian Iacific IoslaI
Union (AIIU) sinco 1876 and 1964 rospoclivoIy. Tloso organisalions lavo objoclivo lo
oxlond, faciIilalo and improvo poslaI roIalions among counlrios. India oxclangos maiI vill
moro llan 217 counlrios. Ior improvomonl in llo sorvico, UI-gradalion of InlornalionaI
MaiI procossing IaciIilios al llo Offico of Ixclango las boon impIomonlod undor 11ll fivo-
yoar pIan. India las onIy invard Monoy ordor sorvicos vill 27 counlrios oxcopl vill
Blulan and NopaI (lvo-vay Monoy Ordor sorvico). Tlo doparlmonl las inlroducod
oIoclronic InlornalionaI Monoy Ordor sorvico (Invard) llrougl InlornalionaI IinanciaI
Syslom Soflvaro dovoIopod by UnivorsaI IoslaI Union (UIU).
- Inlroducod on 1sl Augusl, 86 for llo doIivory of Iollors, documonls and
parcoIs villin corlain limoframo faiIing rosuIl in fuII rofund of poslago. Tlo sorvico
is avaiIabIo villin llo counlry llrougl 266 NalionaI and 857 Slalo Spood Iosl Conlros
and inlornalionaIIy lo 97 counlrios.
An Inlornol basod lracI and lraco sorvico, Iaunclod on 3rd }an., 02 and nov
oporaling from aII 315 NalionaI Spood Iosl Conlros as voII 857 Slalo Spood Conlros.
--- - Iaunclod on 1sl }an., 97 in ordor lo mool spocific noods of buII
cuslomors for pro-maiIing aclivilios.
Iaunclod on 15ll Sopl., 03 lo provido a cosl offoclivo soIulion
for poriodic maiIs foIIovod by Iauncling of NalionaI BiII MaiI Sorvico in Iob., 05
vlicl aIIovs BiII MaiI Sorvico iloms lo bo bundIod in pacIago doslinod lo samo cily
and clargos for iloms aro onIy al IocaI BiII maiI sorvico ralos.
-- - Irovidos limo bound door-lo-door doIivory and VII sorvico
uplo ` 50,000 lo llo corporalo usors and businoss oslabIislmonls on conlracluaI basis
llrougl surfaco lransporl from 315 NalionaI Spood Iosl Conlros.
-- - Iaunclod in 200405, lo carry consignmonls from poinl lo poinl
villoul any maximum Iimil. VaIuo addod sorvicos IiIo picI-up, doIivory, lracI and
lraco aro aIso boing providod in Iogislics Iosl.
- Il offors a uniquo advorlisomonl modia llrougl Ioslcards InIand Iollor
cards, Aorogram, ollor poslaI slalionary and spaco sponsorslip on llo Iollor boxos
for corporalo and govornmonl organisalions lo roacl polonliaI cuslomors.
- Il offors llo faciIily lo coIIocl aII pubIic uliIily biIIs and saIo of appIicalion
forms for govornmonl and ollor privalo organisalions
INDIA 2011
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- Iaunclod on 2nd }uno, 05 lo landIo doIivory of unaddrossod maiI lo llo
doorslops of llo largol popuIalion foIIovod by Iauncling of a vaIuo addilion lo llis
sorvico on 18ll ApriI, 2006, combining advorlising maiI vill lransaclion maiI IiIo biIIs
olc.
- Iaunclod on 30ll }an., 2004 and onabIos poopIo, lo sond and rocoivo mossago
or scannod imagos llrougl o-maiI in aII posl officos, vlo do nol lavo accoss lo llo
inlornol or possos an o-maiI ID foIIovod by Iauncling of a corporalo vorsion of o-
posl on 18ll Ocl., 2005, vlicl aIIovs simuIlanoous sonding of o-posl lo a maximum
of 9999 addrossos.
-- Usod for paymonl of biIIs/duos of oIoclricily, loIoplono, mobiIo olc. al
llo Iosl Offico counlors. CurronlIy, Sorvico is onIy avaiIabIo al BangaIuru and KoIIala.
NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE ACT (NREGA)
Iaunclod in Sopl., 05 by India govornmonl lo provido al Ioasl ono lundrod days of
guaranlood vago ompIoymonl in ovory financiaI yoar lo ovory lousoloId in ruraI aroas
and onlruslod Iosl Officos (incIuding HOs/SOs/BOs) vill llo rosponsibiIily of disbursing
vagos of bonoficiarios. Ior yoar 200910, AIIocalod amounl is ` 100 croros il is oxpoclod
llal Iosl Officos viII sorvico uplo fivo croros accounls.
POSTAL LIFE INSURANCE
Iaunclod in 1884 as a voIfaro moasuro for IoslaI ompIoyoos and furllor oxlondod lo llo
ompIoyoos of ConlraI/Slalo Govornmonl, IubIic Soclor UndorlaIings, Univorsilios,
Govornmonl-aidod inslilulos, nalionaIizod banIs, financiaI inslilulions and Gramin DaI
SovaIs of llo IoslaI Doparlmonl and Dofonco and IaramiIilary porsonnoI.
III offors sovon insuranco sclomos, namoIy: (1) SuraIsla (WloIo Iifo Assuranco),
(2) Suvidla (ConvorlibIo WloIo Iifo Assuranco), (3) Sanlosl (Indovmonl Assuranco),
(4) SumangaI (Anlicipalod Indovmonl Assuranco), (5) YugaI SuraIsla (}oinl Iifo Indovmonl
Assuranco for coupIo), (6) CliIdron IoIicy (As on Marcl 2006) and (7) Handicappod IoIicy.
TECHNOLOGY INDUCTION
Compulorisalion and NolvorIing of Iosl Officos: By llo ond of Marcl, 09, llo Doparlmonl
of Iosls suppIiod compulor and ils poriploraIs lo aII Hoad Iosl Officos and somo of sub
posl officos. Tlo NalionaI Informalion Conlro (NIC) is impIomonling a WAN (Wido Aroa
NolvorI) connocling onliro poslaI nolvorI and solling up a NalionaI Dala Conlro al Nov
DoIli and Mysoro.
PROJECT ARROW AND LAUNCH OF NEW LOGO
Iaunclod Irojocl Arrov lo givo a nov oulIooI lo posl officos by clanging oxlorior and
inlorior dosigns, upgrading infraslrucluro and onlancing coro oporalion during 0910.
Undor llo Irojocl Arrov, a Nov Iogo roprosonling India Iosl as a forvard IooIing and
INDIA 2011
85
modorn organisalion, carrying omolion and oxprossions across plysicaI dislanco, las boon
Iaunclod on 23rd Sopl., 08 al Nov DoIli.
THE POST OFFICE SAVINGS BANK (OPSB)
Oporalos llo smaII savings sclomos of Govl. of India, Minislry of Iinanco on an agoncy
basis. Il oporalo moro llan 17 miIIion savings accounls. In lorms of ils oxisling mandalo,
llo IOSVB is fuIIy goarod lo mool llo banIing roquiromonls of smaII invoslors, parlicuIarIy
lloso vlo cannol roadiIy accoss llo commorciaI banIs.
A is an ordor issuod by llo posl offico for llo paymonl of a sum of monoy
llrougl llo agoncy of Iosl Offico. Tlo amounl for vlicl a singIo monoy ordor may bo
issuod musl nol oxcood ` 5000/-.
- Tlis sorvico, oporalod in associalion vill a
muIlinalionaI company voslorn Union IinanciaI Sorvicos InlornalionaI, providos llo cus-
lomors llo faciIily of rocoiving romillancos from 205 counlrios and lorrilorios on a roaI
limo basis.
- - Tlo doparlmonl is rolaiIing soIocl muluaI funds
producls of UTI muluaI funds and ponsion producls of ICICI IrudonliaI llrougl moro
llan 800 idonlifiod posl officos.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Tlo firsl ToIograpl Iino bolvoon KoIIala and Diamond Harbour vas oponod in 1851
foIIovod by anollor Iinos from Agra lo KoIIala (Marcl, 84). ToIoplono sorvico vas aIso
inlroducod in KoIIala in 188182. Tlo firsl aulomalic oxclango vas commissionod al SlimIa
in 191314. Iirsl NalionaI ToIocom IoIicy vas announcod in 1994 foIIovod by anollor aflor
oslabiIislmonl of ToIocom RoguIalory Aullorily of India (TRAI), in 1997. Today, llo Indian
las 3rd Iargosl loIocommunicalions nolvorI and llo 2nd Iargosl viroIoss nolvorI in llo
vorId. Tlo viroIoss sorvicos las grovn many foId and ils slaro las lo 92.44 liII 31sl
Aug., 09. Ior llo IiboraIizalion offorls of llo Govornmonl, privalo soclor las slovn grovll
from 5 in 1999 lo 80.98 in lolaI loIoplono connoclions liII Aug., 09. As voII in ruraI
aroas WliIo ViIIago IubIic ToIoplono (VITs) and RuraI Communily Ilonos (RCIs) viII
onabIo pubIic accoss, a sclomo of RuraI Communily Ilonos (RCIs) las boon Iaunclod undor
UnivorsaI Sorvico ObIigalion Iund USOI lo croalo infraslrucluro. Rocognizing llo polonliaI
of Broadband sorvico llo Broadband poIicy annoucod (Ocl., 04) lo covor 20 miIIion
broadband subscribors by llo ond of 2010. In llo 11ll IIan largol is lo provido llo
broadband for aII socondary and liglor socondary sclooIs, aII IubIic HoaIll Caro Conlors
and Gram Ianclayals.
- Tlo lolaI IDI oquily infIovs in llo loIocom soclor
is 8 of llo lolaI IDI oquily infIovs in India during 200009. Today, loIocomm. is
llo llird Iargosl rocipionl of IDI aflor sorvico (financiaI & non-financiaI) and compulor
lardvaro and soflvaro, vlicl allracl 23 and 11 rospoclivoIy. RoconlIy Govornmonl
las issuod Iross Nolo No. 2/2009 rogarding guidoIinos for caIcuIalion of lolaI
INDIA 2011
86
invoslmonl dirocl and indirocl foroign invoslmonl in llo Indian Company, and
Iross Nolo No. 3/2009 rogarding guidoIinos for lransfor of ovnorslip or conlroI of
Indian Companios in soclors vill caps from rosidonl Indian cilizons lo Non rosidonl
onlilios.
- ToIocomConlros of oxcoIIonco (TCOI) lavo boon oslabIislod
in IubIic Irivalo Iarlnorslip (III) modo. Tloro aro sovon TCOIs al llo promior
acadomic inslilulos al IITs, IIMAlmodabad and Indian Inslilulo of Scionco, BangaIuru.
A ToIocom Inlropronour DovoIopmonl Conlros and ToIocom Slandard DovoIopmonl
Conlros aro aIso boing pIannod. India ToIocom 2008: India ToIocom 2008 vill llo
llomo of connocling ruraI India, loId in Nov DoIli from 1113 Docombor, 08, and
3G mobiIo sorvico is Iaunclod in il.
A Sominar of lvo day on Hov India can bocomo a Ioador in
llo WiroIoss WorId vas conduclod lo oslabIisl coIIaboralion and provido pIalform
for oxclango of idoas vill promior univorsilios and rosoarcl organizalions of llo
vorId from difforonl counlrios. During llo summil, lloro vas a CIOs/MDs vill
HonbIo MOC&IT.
Sclomo carry a mobiIo fixod viroIoss lorminaI
(IWT) vill dispIay unil and visil door lo door lo provido loIoplono faciIily in ruraI
aroas. Tlo sclomo is aIso avaiIabIo lo oxisling STD/ISD/ICO on franclisoo basis.
Il is impIomonlod in vloIo counlry oxcopl in A&N, Haryana and Iunjab vlicl aro
aIroady laving sufficionl/fuII covorago. Tlo GSS is onlilIod lo 20 commission on
aII oulgoing caIIs. Tlo GSS can clargo ` 5/- for passing on llo mossago.
- Agroomonls voro signod vill M/s BSNI
in Novombor, 2004 lo provido subsidy supporl for provision of VITs in 62302
no. of uncovorod viIIagos in llo counlry oxcIuding lloso viIIagos laving popuIalion
Ioss llan 100, lloso Iying in doop forosls and lloso affoclod vill insurgoncy. Tlo
providod VITs in lloso viIIagos las boon incIudod as ono of aclivilios undor
Blaral Nirman Irogrammo. As on 30.09.2009, 59800 VITs aboul 96 of llo
VITs lavo boon providod. Tlo romaining VITs aro IiIoIy lo bo providod in a
plasod mannor by Novombor 2009.
- RoconciIialion of llo VITs vorIing in llo inlabilod viIIagos
as por Consus 2001 las roconlIy boon carriod oul laIing inlo accounl llo oxisling
VIT and lloso providod undor Blaral Nirman. AII llo romaining 62443 inlabilod
viIIagos as on 31.10.2008 as por Consus 2001 irrospoclivo of criloria of popuIalion,
romolonoss, accossibiIily and Iav and ordor silualions lavo boon incIudod for
provisionof VITs villsubsidysupporl fromUSOIundundor llis sclomo. Agroomonls
in llis rogard lavo boon signod vill BSNI on 27.02.2009 a lolaI numbor of 32932
VITs lavo boon providod undor llis agroomonl as on 30.09.2009, llo romaining VITs
aro IiIoIy lo bo providod in a plasod mannor by Iobruary, 2011.
RopIacomonl of MARR basod VITs (MARR-A & MARR-B) Agroomonls voro signod
vill M/s BSNI for ropIacomonl of 1,85,121 numbor of VITs vill roIiabIo loclnoIogios,
vlicl voro oarIior vorIing on MuIli Accoss Radio RoIay (MARR) loclnoIogy and
inslaIIod boforo 01.04.2002. Tloso incIudod 7075 MARR VITs aIroady ropIacod
INDIA 2011
87
boforo 30.06.2003 (MARR-B) and 138046 MARR VITs lo bo ropIacod from 01.07.2003
onvards (MARR-A). A lolaI numbor of 1,84,284 MARR VITs lavo boon ropIacod
as on 30.09.2009. Tlo romaining MARR VITs aro IiIoIy lo bo ropIacod by Novombor,
2009.
Irovision of RuraI Communily Ilonos (RCIs) Agroomonls voro signod on
30.09.2004 for providing 40,705 RuraI Communily Ilonos (RCIs) |BSNI: 21,958,
RII: 18,747] in viIIagos vill popuIalion moro llan 2000 and nol laving ICO
faciIily. Oul of lloso, 40691 RCIs lavo boon providod liII Soplombor 2009 as
por dolaiIs givon boIov. Tlo romaining RCIs aro IiIoIy lo bo providod by
Docombor 2009.
- -
-- -
To roacl a loIocom subscribor baso of 600 miI-
Iion.
TolaI no. of loIoplono connoclions (up lo Doc.,
2009): 562.15 miIIion (viroIoss: 525.09 + viro
Iino: 37.06 miIIion). OvoraII loIo-donsily al llo
ond of Docombor 2009 is 47.88 por conl (vlicl
in lurn consisls of urban loIo-donsily of 110.96
por conl and ruraI loIo-donsily of 21.16 por conl)
To provido 100 miIIion ruraI loIoplono connoc-
lions by 2010 and roacl 200 miIIion connoc-
lions by 2012, llal is lo acliovo ruraI loIo-don-
sily of 25 por conl.
Tlo no. of ruraI connoclions addod up lo
Docombor 2009 is 174.53 miIIion and prosonl
ruraI loIo-donsily is 21.16 porconl.
To provido loIoplono connoclion on domand
across llo counlry al an affordabIo prico as
onvisagod in Broadband IoIicy 2004.
To provido broadband connoclion on domand
across llo counlry by 2012.
AImosl acliovod.
Irogrammos inilialod. TolaI no. of Broadband
connoclions: 7.82 miIIion.
To provido Tlird Gonoralion (3G) sorvicos in
aII cilios/lovns vill moro llan 1 IaIl popuIa-
lion.
Tlis is yol lo bo acliovod, as 3G Spoclrum is
oxpoclod lo bo auclionod during firsl laIf of
2010.
To faciIilalo inlroduclion of mobiIo TV. Inlroducod on oxporimonlaI basis in Mumbai
and DoIli.
To provido broadband connoclivily lo
ovory socondary sclooI (SS), loaIll conlro, Gram
Ianclayal (GI) on domand in lvo yoars.
Irogrammos inilialod
INDIA 2011
88
- - A sclomo las boon Iaunclod by USO
Iund lo provido subsidy supporl for solling up and managing 7871 numbor of infraslruc-
luro silos (lovors) in 500 dislricls sproad ovor 27 slalos for provision of mobiIo sorvicos
in llo spocifiod ruraI and romolo aroas.
NATIONAL INFORMATICS CENTRE
A promior S&T organizalion of DIT las boon providing informalics supporl lo conlraI
minislrios slalo govornmonls and dislricl adminislralions for llo Iasl fov docados.
INTERNATIONAL LONG DISTANCE SERVICE
Tlo InlornalionaI Iong Dislanco (IID) sorvico is basicaIIy a nolvorI carriago sorvico,
providing InlornalionaI connoclivily lo llo nolvorI oporalod by foroign carriors. In
accordanco vill llo Nov ToIocom IoIicy-1999, llo Govornmonl oponod llo InlornalionaI
Iong Dislanco Sorvico from 1sl ApriI, 2002 lo llo privalo oporalors. Tloro is no roslriclion
on llo numbor of oporalors.
INFRASTRUCTURE PROVIDER CATEGORY-I (IP-I)
Tlo appIicanl company for II-I roquiros rogislralion onIy vill DoT. Companios rogislorod
as II-I can provido assols sucl as darI fibro, rigll of vay, dusl spaco and lovor. AII Indian
Rogislorod companios aro oIigibIo lo appIy. Tloro is no roslriclion on foroign oquily and
numbor of onlranls. Tloro is no onlry foo and banI guaranloo. Tlo appIicanl company
is roquirod lo pay ` 5,000 as procossing foo aIong vill llo appIicalion. So far 273 companios
lavo boon rogislorod as Infraslrucluro providor Calogory-I.
POLICY FOR PUBLIC MOBILE RADIO TRUNK SERVICE (PMRTS)
IoIicy for IubIic MobiIo Radio TrunI Sorvico (IMRTS) in lorms of NTI-99 vas announcod on
01.112001. Tlo nov IMRTS Iiconcos aro granlod on non-oxcIusivo firsl como firsl sorvico basis.
To maIo India a lub for loIocom oquipmonl
manufacluring by faciIilaling oslabIislmonl of
loIocom spocific SIZs.
IslabIisling ToIocom Conlros of IxcoIIonco in
promior oducalionaI inslilulions and ollor ro-
pulod organisalions in llo counlry in III modo.
During IIovonll IIan llo capilaI invoslmonl in
ToIocom Soclor is around ` 830,000 croro. Iur-
llor NoIia, MoloroIa, IIoxlronics, and Ioxconn
lavo sol up SIZ unils villin llo counlry for
manufacluring mobiIo landsols.
Undor ToIocom DovoIopmonl and Invoslmonl
Iromolion (TDII) 7 ToIocom Conlros of IxcoI-
Ionco (TCOIs) lavo boon sol up in III modo in
various aroas of ToIocom Soclor.
INDIA 2011
89
GLOBAL MOBILE PERSONAL COMMUNICATION BY SATELLITE (GMPCS)
IoIicy for granl of Iiconco for GIobaI MobiIo IorsonaI Communicalion SaloIIilo (GMICS)
sorvico in lorms of NTI-99 vas finaIizod and announcod on 02.11.2001. Tlo procoss
of granl of GMICS Iiconso is a vory invoIvod procoss. Tlo appIicalion of GMICS Iiconso
conlaining llo onliro proposaI is submillod lo Iav Inforcing Agoncy for Socurily
CIoaranco.
TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING CENTRE (TEC)
Is a ToclnicaI Wing of DoT providos loclnicaI supporl lo DoT, TIC pubIislos documonls
dolaiIing llo loclnicaI roquiromonls for aII loIocom oquipmonl lo bo usod in various loIocom
nolvorIs in India. Tloso documonls aro cIosoIy aIignod vill marIol noods, loclnoIogicaI
dovoIopmonls and inlornalionaI slandards.
CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TELEMATICS (C-DOT)
Conlro for DovoIopmonl of ToIomalics (C-DOT) is llo ToIocom Rosoarcl and DovoIopmonl
Conlro of llo Govornmonl of India. Il vas oslabIislod in 1984 lo provido vido ranging,
slalo-of-llo-arl and cosl-offoclivo indigonous lolaI loIocom soIulions. Boginning llo jour-
noy vill digilaI svilcling sysloms.
WIRELESS PLANNING AND COORDINATION (WPC) WING
WiroIoss IIanning and Coordinalion (WIC) Wing, oslabIislod in 1952, is llo nalionaI radio
roguIalory aullorily rosponsibIo for coordinalion and roguIalion of radio spoclrum usagos
in llo counlry. Il is a nodaI agoncy for aII mallors concorning InlornalionaI ToIocommu-
nicalion Union (ITU).
vas formod on 1sl Oclobor, 2000 by
corporalizalion of llo orslvliIo Doparlmonl of ToIocom sorvicos.
MAHANAGAR TELEPHONE NIGAM LIMITED (MTNL)
Tlo Malanagar ToIoplono Nigam Iimilod (MTNI) camo inlo oxislonco on 1 ApriI, 1986
as a company vloIIy ovnod by llo Govornmonl undor llo Doparlmonl of ToIocommu-
nicalion, Minislry of Communicalions.
SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY PARKS OF INDIA (STPI)
Il vas sol up in 1991 as an aulonomous, undor llo doparlmonl of ToIocom. STIIs main
objoclivo las boon llo promolion of soflvaro oxporls from llo counlry.
Tlo Doparlmonl of Iosls las Iauncold o-MO on 10 Oclobor, 2008.
IIoclronic Monoy Ordor is a syslom llal faciIilalos romillanco of MOs oIoclronicaIIy,
for vlicl posl officos slouId lavo connoclivily by WAN/Broadband.
INDIA 2011
90
- Tlo IIoclronic CIoaring Sorvico is boing offorod in llo Doparlmonl of
Iosls al aII llo 15 Iocalions of RBI and 21 Iocalions of Slalo BanI of India in connoclion
vill paymonl of monllIy inlorosl undor MonllIy Incomo Sclomo (MIS).
Sinco 1948, llo Doparlmonl of Iosls las a voII-oslabIislod syslom of rodrossaI of pubIic
griovancos. IrosonlIy 3295 Compulorizod Cuslomor Caro Conlros (CCCs) lavo boon
oslabIislod al llo Dislricl Hoadquarlors/DivisionaI Hoadquarlors across llo counlry for
onIino oxclango of informalion amongsl aII llo unils for spoody rodrossaI of griovancos.
Today, llo Indian loIocommunicalions nolvorI vill aboul 562.21 miIIion loIoplono
connoclions as on 31sl Docombor, 2009 is llo socond Iargosl in llo vorId. Will 525.15
miIIion as on 31sl Docombor, 2009, viroIoss plonos, India las llo 2nd Iargosl viroIoss
nolvorI in llo vorId.
Tlo grovll of viroIoss sorvicos las boon plonomonaI, vill viroIoss subscribors
groving al a compound annuaI grovll ralo (CAGR) of 60 por conl por annum sinco
ApriI, 2004 uplo 31 Marcl, 2009. Tlo slaro of viroIoss plonos las incroasod from
5.26 por conl in 1999 lo 93.41 por conl in 31sl Augusl, 2009.
As on Docombor, 2009, lloro aro 174.58 miIIion plonos in ruraI aroas vill a loIodonsily
of 21.19 al llo ond 6 Docombor, 2009.
Rocognizing llo polonliaI of Broadband sorvico in llo grovll of GDI and croalion
of an onabIing onvironmonl for promoling InovIodgo basod socioly, llo Broadband
poIicy announcod in Oclobor, 2004 las boon proposod in llo IIovonll IIan largols
lo provido llo broadband for aII socondary and liglor socondary sclooIs, aII IubIic
HoaIll Caro Conlors and Gram Ianclayals.
Today, loIocom is llo llird major soclor allracling IDI infIovs aflor sorvicos and
compulor soflvaro soclor. Al prosonl 74 por conl lo 100 por conl IDI is pormillod
for various loIocom sorvicos.
Tlo major funclions of llo ToIocom Commission incIudo poIicy formuIalion, roviov
of porformanco, Iiconsing, viroIoss spoclrum managomonl, adminislralivo moniloring
of ISUs, rosoarcl and dovoIopmonl, slandardizalion/vaIidalion of oquipmonl and
InlornalionaI RoIalions.
- - -
Aflor announcing oponing up of IIDS and NIDS for froo compolilion,
Govornmonl las so far issuod 24 IIDS Iiconsos and 29 NIDS Iiconsos (incIuding
BSNI) as on Docombor 31, 2009.
Tlo UnivorsaI Sorvico ObIigalion Iund formod by an Acl of IarIiamonl is loadod
by llo Adminislralor USO Iund appoinlod by llo ConlraI Govornmonl, for llo
adminislralion of llo Iund. Tlo USO Iund vas oslabIislod vill llo fundamonlaI
objoclivo of providing accoss lo Basic, loIograpls sorvicos lo poopIo in llo ruraI and
romolo aroas al affordabIo and roasonabIo pricos.
Tlo ToIocom RoguIalory Aullorily of India (TRAI) las aIvays ondoavourod lo
oncourago groalor compolilion in llo loIocom soclor logollor vill bollor quaIily and
affordabIo pricos in ordor lo mool llo objoclivos of Nov ToIocom IoIicy, 1999.
INDIA 2011
91
Tlo ToIocom dispulos SollIomonl and AppoIIalo TribunaI (TDSAT) vas croalod in llo
yoar 2000 by llo ConlraI Govornmonl undor llo TRAI Acl, 1997 lo sollIo and
adjudicalo dispulos invoIving Iiconsor, sorvico providors and a group of consumors
on loIocommunicalion sorvicos.
On Marcl 10, 1978, ToIocommunicalions ConsuIlanls India Ild. (TCII) vas
incorporalod as a vloIIy ovnod Govornmonl of India Company. Tlo Company vas
sol up vill llo objoclivo of oxlonding llo vido ranging India loIocom oxporliso lo
friondIy dovoIoping counlrios.
Tlo Doparlmonl of Informalion ToclnoIogy is inlor-aIia rosponsibIo for formuIalion,
impIomonlalion and roviov of nalionaI poIicios in llo fioId of Informalion ToclnoIogy.
AII poIicy mallors roIaling lo siIicon faciIily, compulor basod informalion loclnoIogy
and procossing incIuding lardvaro and soflvaro, slandardizalion of procoduros and
mallors roIaling lo o-commorco, inlornol informalion loclnoIogy oducalion and
dovoIopmonl of oIoclronics.
NalionaI o-Govornanco IIan vas approvod in May 2006 vill a vision lo MaIo aII
Govornmonl sorvicos accossibIo lo llo common man in lis IocaIily, llrougl common
sorvico doIivory oulIols and onsuro officioncy, lransparoncy and roIiabiIily of sucl
sorvicos al affordabIo cosls lo roaIizo llo basic noods of llo common man.
- Undor llis Sclomo, loclnicaI and financiaI assislanco
aro boing providod lo llo Slalos/UTs for oslabIisling SWANs lo connocl aII Slalo/
UT Hoadquarlors up lo llo BIocI IovoI via Dislricl/sub-DivisionaI loadquarlors, in
a vorlicaI liorarclicaI slrucluro vill a minimum bandvidll capacily of 2 Mbps por
IinI.
Tlo Slalo Dala Conlro Sclomo for oslabIisling Dala Conlros across 35 Slalos/UTs
across llo counlry vas approvod by llo Govornmonl on 24 }anuary, 2008. Tlo concopl
is lo croalo Slalo Dalo Conlros for llo slalos lo consoIidalo infraslrucluro, sorvicos
and appIicalion lo provido officionl oIoclronic doIivory of G2G, G2C and G2B sorvicos.
- Tlo Irojocl aims lo largol corlain ligl voIumo-sorvicos curronlIy nol
covorod by any MMI undor llo NoGI and undorlaIo bacI-ond compulorizalion lo
onabIo llo doIivory of lloso sorvicos llrougl Common Sorvico Conlros.
India DovoIopmonl Galovay (InDG) is a nalion vido inilialivo llal sooIs lo provido
rosponsibIo and crodibIo informalion, producls and sorvicos in IocaI Ianguagos caloring
lo llo noods of ruraI communilios.
Tlo Informalion ToclnoIogy (Amondmonl) Acl, 2000, a IogaI framovorI for lransaclions
carriod oul oIoclronicaIIy vas onaclod lo faciIilalo o-Commorco, o-Govornanco and
lo laIo caro of compulor roIalod offoncos. Tlis vas amondod llrougl llo Informalion
ToclnoIogy (Amondmonl) Acl 2008.
CIRT-In is llo nalionaI nodaI agoncy for rosponding lo compulor socurily incidonls
as and vlon lloy occur.
Tlo firsl and llo onIy Cybor Courl in llo counlry las boon oslabIislod by llo ConlraI
Govornmonl in accordanco vill llo provisions conlainod undor soclion 48(1) of llo
INDIA 2011
92
Informalion ToclnoIogy Acl, 2000. Tlo courl vas iniliaIIy Inovn as llo Cybor
RoguIalions AppoIIalo TribunaI (CRAT).
Tlo NanoloclnoIogy Inilialivo programmo of DIT vas slarlod in 2004 vill focus
on nano-oIoclronios. Tlo programmo las boon conconlraling on inslilulionaI capacily
buiIding, infraslrucluro for Rosoarcl &DovoIopmonl and luman rosourco dovoIopmonl
in llo aroa of nano-oIoclronics lovards maIing India a fronl runnor in llis
rovoIulionary aroa.
o-Ioarning is ono of llo llrusl aroas idonlifiod by DIT for imparling oducalion using
oducalionaI looIs and communicalion modia. Il is llo Ioarning faciIilalod and supporlod
by Informalion Communicalion ToclnoIogios (ICT), DIT las boon financiaIIy supporling
R&Dprojocls in foIIoving llrusl aroas undor o-Ioarning al various acadomic oducalionaI
inslilulos, R&D Iabs, olc.
Ono of llo imporlanl rocommondalions of llo NalionaI KnovIodgo Commission vas
lo oslabIisl a NalionaI KnovIodgo NolvorI (NKN). Govornmonls docision lo sol
up llo NalionaI KnovIodgo NolvorI vas announcod by llo Iinanco Minislor in llo
Budgol Spoocl of 200809. Tlo Objoclivo of llo NalionaI KnovIodgo NolvorI is lo
inlorconnocl aII Univorsilios, Iibrarios, Iaboralorios, HospilaIs and AgricuIluraI
Inslilulions lo slaro dala and rosourcos across llo counlry ovor llo ligl spood (of
gigabil capabiIilios) informalion nolvorI.
C-DACis a promior R&D organizalion undor llo Doparlmonl of Informalion ToclnoIogy,
Minislry of Communicalions and IT vill a nolvorI of Iabs across llo counlry.
CDS
Combined Defence Services Examination
Solved & Practice Papers
UPSCPORTALS
INDIA 2011
93
-
Rasllrya Indian MiIiary CoIIogo Dolradun, 13, Marcl
1922
NaionaI Dofono Acadomy KladaIvasIa
Indian MiIilary Acadomy Dolradun, 1932
Officors Training Acadomy Clonnai
Dofonco Sorvicos Slaff CoIIogo WoIIinglon
CoIIogo of Dofonco Managomonl Socundorabad IniliaIIy il vas Inslilulo of Dofonco
}uno 1970 Mangomonl. Ronamod in 1980. Offors
lraining lo officors from paramiIi lary,
Minislry of Dofonco, R&D organisalion and
friondIy foroign counlrios.
CoIIogo of MiIilary Inginooring Iuno (Iionoor loclnicaI inslilulionaffiIIalod lo }NU
for avard of B. Tocl/M. Tocl dogroos.)
NalionaI Dofonco CoIIogo 27 ApriI 1960 (OnIy Inslilulion in llo counlry llal imparls
InovIodgo on aII aspocls of nalionaI
socurily and slralogy)
Tlo Supromo Command of llo Armod Iorcos vosls in llo Irosidonl. Tlo rosponsibiIily
for nalionaI dofonco rosls vill llo Cabinol.
- is lo provido diroclions on issuos roIalod lo dofonco
and nalionaI socurily and for impIomonlalion of poIicios lo llo rospoclivo Organizalions.
Hoadquarlor Inlogralod Dofonco Slaff (HQIDs) vas croalod on Oclobor 1, 2001 basod
on llo rocommondalion of llo Group of Minislor, vlicl vas sol up in 2000 Iosl KargiI
lo roviov llo Nalions liglor dofonco managomonl.
Defence
9
INDIA 2011
94
Tlo Inlor-Sorvico Organizalion, undor llo doparlmonl of dofonco aro rosponsibIo for
carrying oul lasIs roIalod lo common noods of llo llroo sorvicos sucl as modicaI caro,
IR and porsonaI Managomonl of CiviIian Slaff.
ARMY
Tlo Army Hoadquarlors funclions undor cliof of army slaffs (COAS). Main Woapon
Sysloms of llo Army aro BralMos Woapon Syslom, Smorcl MuIli RocIol Iaunclor Syslom
(MIRS) and IinaIa MuIli BarroI RocIol Iaunclor Syslom (MBRIS).
Rocruilmonl of Commissionod Officors in Armod Iorcos llrougl UISC. UISC conducls
lvo AII India Compolilivo Ixaminalions:
Tvico a yoar for
onlry lo NDA and NA. (oIigibiIily 10+2 quaIifiod).
Tvico a yoar. Univorsily gradualos
or lloso in finaI yoar of gradualion aro oIigibIo. SuccossfuI candidalos join llo Indian
MiIilary Acadomy/Air Iorco Acadomy/NavaI Acadomy for Iormanonl Commission
and Officors Training Acadomy (OTA) for Slorl Sorvico Commission.
-- - -
-
- IinaI/Iro-IinaI yoar onginooring dogroo courso
sludonls in llo nolifiod onginooring discipIinos aro oIigibIo for Iormanonl Commission
in llo ToclnicaI Arms of llo Army.
- - Inginooring gradualos from nolifiod discipIinos
of onginooring/posl gradualos vill minimum socond division aggrogalo marIs (for
Army Iducalion Corps onIy), aro oIigibIo for Iormanonl Commission. Aflor llo SSB
and llo ModicaI Board, llo soIoclod candidalos aro roquirod lo undorgo ono yoar
pro-commission lraining al llo IMA, Dolradun, boforo boing commissionod.
-- IIigibIo loclnicaI gradualos/posl gradualos
for rocruilmonl in ToclnicaI Arms. Aflor SSB and ModicaI Board, llo soIoclod candidalos
aro roquirod lo undorgo approximaloIy 49 vooIs pro-commission lraining al OTA,
Clonnai.
Roquiros candidalos vlo lavo quaIifiod 10+2
CBSI/ICSI/Slalo Board Ixaminalion vill minimum aggrogalo of 70 marIs in
Ilysics, Clomislry and Mallomalics.
- - IIigibIo vomon candidalos aro
offorod Slorl Sorvico Commission in fivo slroams, viz. Non-ToclnicaI, ToclnicaI, NCC
(SpociaI), }udgo Advocalo GonoraI and Iosl Gradualo/SpociaIisl, for a poriod of lon
yoars, oxlondabIo by furllor four yoars puroIy on voIunlary basis.
Univorsily gradualos possossing NCC C Corlificalo
vill minimum B grado and 50 aggrogalo marIs in gradualion oxaminalion aro
oIigibIo for Slorl Sorvico Commission. Sucl cadols aro oxomplod from vrillon
INDIA 2011
95
oxaminalion and aro diroclIy pul llrougl llo SSB inlorviov foIIovod by a ModicaI
Board.
Iav gradualos vill minimum 55 aggrogalo marIs
in IIB, ago bolvoon 21 lo 27 yoars, can appIy for }udgo Advocalo GonoraI Brancl.
IIigibIo candidalos aro caIIod for dirocl SSB inlorviov and lloroaflor for modicaI losl.
Il is a Slorl Sorvico Commission Inlry vloroin suilabIo candidalos can opl for
Iormanonl Commission.
- - In llo Army, lloro aro oIovon
ZonaI Rocruiling Officos, lvo GorIla Rocruiling Dopols, ono Indopondonl Rocruiling
Offico and 59 Army Rocruiling Officos in addilion lo 47 RogimonlaI Conlros vlicl carry
oul rocruilmonl llrougl raIIios in lloir rospoclivo aroas of jurisdiclion.
NAVY
Tlo NavaI Hoadquarlors funclions undor llo cliof of Main oquipmonls of llo Navy aro
UH3H uliIily loIicoplors, boyond visibIo rango Dorby missiIo, INS Kosari (ApriI, 08), Tvo
valor jol fasl allacI crafls-clolaI and car nicobar (Iob., 09)
Tlo indigonous Aircrafl carrior is aIso undor conslruclion al CSI, Kocli.
Inlonsivo IIying Training Unil (IITU) for UH3H loIicoplors las boon oslabiIislod on
23 Marcl, 09 as Indian NavaI Air Squadron (INAS) 350.
Recruitment in Indian Navy
Bosidos UISC Rocruilmonl as monlionod abovo soIoclion in navy is mado llrougl Sorvico
SoIoclion Board for llo foIIoving Branclos/Cadros:
Univorsily Gradualos loIding NCC C corlificalos vill
minimum B grading aro oIigibIo and slorl Iislod candidalos aro llon sonl for SSB
inlorviovs.
Slorl Sorvico Commission for Air Traffic ConlroI/Iav/Iogislic/
NavaI Armamonl Inspocloralo (NAI)/Hydro cadros/Avialion/Obsorvor andIormanonl
Commission for Iav/NAI Cadros.
(IncIuding NavaI Arclilocls): Slorl Sorvico Commission llrougl
Univorsily Inlry Sclomo (UIS), SpociaI NavaI Arclilocls Inlry Sclomo (SNAIS)
Slorl Sorvico Commission (I) Sclomo and Iormanonl Commission llrougl 10+2
(Tocl) Sclomo.
Slorl Sorvico Commission llrougl Univorsily Inlry Sclomo, SSC
(I) Sclomos and Iormanonl Commission llrougl 10+2 (Tocl) Sclomo.
Iormanonl Commission and Slorl Sorvico Commission sclomos.
Ior Iormanonl Commission onlry in llo Inginooring and
IIoclricaI branclos of llo Indian Navy. Candidalos vill 10+2 (ICM) quaIificalion,
aflor soIoclion llrougl llo Sorvicos SoIoclion Board, aro sonl lo llo NavaI Acadomy
INDIA 2011
96
for llo NavaI Orionlalion Courso. Tloroaflor, lloy undorgo a four-yoar Inginooring
courso al INS Slivaji/VaIsura.
- Undor UIS IinaI and Iro-IinaI yoar Inginooring
sludonls aro oIigibIo for induclion inlo llo loclnicaI Branclos/Cadros of llo Navy.
NavaI soIoclion loams from llo IHQ of MoD (Navy) and Command Hoadquarlors
visil AICTI approvod onginooring coIIogos, across llo counlry, lo slorlIisl llo
candidalos. Tlo slorl Iislod candidalos, basod on AII India Moril, aro caIIod for
inlorviov al llo Sorvicos SoIoclion Board.
- Womon aro boing induclod inlo llo Navy, as Slorl Sorvico Commission
(SSC) officors in llo Ixoculivo (ATC, Iav & Iogislic Cadros), Indian Navy las aIso
inlroducod SSC (Obsorvor) onlry sclomo for vomon aIso v.o.f. }uIy, 2008.
-- - Iormanonl Commission
vouId bo granlod lo SSC officors of Iducalion, X/Iav and I/NavaI Conslruclor
Cadros for balclos boing induclod vill offocl from }anuary, 2009 onvards.
- Rocruilmonl of saiIors in llo Navy is carriod oul aflor llo
procoss of a vrillon oxaminalion, plysicaI filnoss losl and modicaI oxaminalion.
AIR FORCE
Tlo Airforco Hoadquarlors funclions undor llo cliof of air forco slaff Main oquipmonls
aro Su-30MKI aircrafl, 20 HavI A}T aircrafl, Mirago-2000 and }aguar aircrafls and
Mi-17 loIicoplors DO-228 aircrafl AN-32 aircraf, MIG-29, olc. Irocuromonl conlracl
of C-13030 aircrafl for spociaI oporalions from US Govornmonl las boon signod.
To onlanco oIoclronic survoiIIanco ground basod radars aro induclod IiIo Aoroslal,
Modium Iovor Radar (MIR), Iov IovoI Iigll Woigll Radar (IIIWR), Iov IovoI
TransporlabIo Radar (IITR), and SurvoiIIanco Radar Iquipmonl (SRI).
As communicalion oquipmonl Air forco las SATCOM, HI and V/UHI sols vill
associalod oncryplion oquipmonl.
Airborno Warning and ConlroI Syslom (AWACS) aro boing procurod lo significanlIy
onlanco llo offoclivonoss of boll Offonsivo and Dofonsivo oporalions of llo IAI.
- - Ior loclnicaI branclos, vomon
spociaI onlry sclomo, NalionaI Cadol Corps (NCC) spociaI onlry sclomo, sorvico onlrios,
rocruilmonl is mado diroclIy llrougl llo Rocruiling Dirocloralo for llo Indian Air Iorco.
- SoIclion is mado for llo IIying (IiIol),
AoronaulicaI Inginooring (IIoclronics), AoronaulicaI Inginooring (MoclanicaI), Iducalion,
Adminislralion, Iogislics, Accounls and MolooroIogy branclos of llo Air Iorco.
- IinaI/pro-IinaI yoar sludonls in onginooring discipIinos
aro oIigibIo as Iormanonl Commissionod Officors.
- IIigibIo vomon aro rocruilod as Slorl Sorvico
Commissionod Officors in llo IIying, AoronaulicaI Inginooring (IIoclronics),
INDIA 2011
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AoronaulicaI Inginooring (MoclanicaI), Iducalion, Adminislralion, Iogislics, Accounls
and MolooroIogy branclos of llo IAI.
- Univorsily gradualos possossing
NCC C Corlificalo vill minimum B grading and 50 marIs in gradualion aro
oIigibIo for RoguIar Commissionod.
- - - Tlo soIoclion of Airmon is
carriod oul llrougl a conlraIizod soIoclion syslom on aII India basis by ConlraI Airmon
SoIoclion Board, Iocalod al Nov DoIli vill llo loIp of fourloon SoIoclion Conlros.
Commissioned Ranks
Tlo foIIoving aro llo commissionod ranIs in llo llroo Sorvicos, oacl ranI is slovn
opposilo ils oquivaIonl in llo ollor Sorvico:

GonoraI AdmiraI Air Cliof MarslaI
Iioulonanl GonoraI Vico-AdmiraI Air MarslaI
Major GonoraI Roar AdmiraI Air Vico MarslaII
Brigadior Commodoro Air Comodoro
CoIonoI Caplain Group Caplain
Iioulonanl CoIonoI Commandor Wing Commandor
Major Iioulonanl Commandor Squadron Ioador
Caplain Iioulonanl IIigll Iioulonanl
Iioulonanl Sub-Iioulonanl IIying Officor
Inlor-Sorvico Organisalions, undor llo Doparlmonl of Dofonco aro rosponsibIo for car-
rying oul lasIs roIalod lo common noods of llo llroo Sorvicos namoIy Army, NavaI and
Air forco sucl as modicaI caro, pubIic roIalions and porsonnoI managomonl of civiIian slaff
in llo Dofonco Hoadquarlors.
COAST GUARD
IlabIislod as an indopondonl sorvico on Augusl 19, 1978 as por llo Coasl Guard Acl, 1978.
Tlo command and conlroI of llo Coasl Guard rosls vill llo Diroclor GonoraI of Indian
Coasl Guard al Nov DoIli. Tlo Organisalion las four RogionaI Hoadquarlors Mumbai,
Clonnai, Gandlinagar and Iorl BIair vill 11 Coasl Guard Dislricl HQs
vas croalod lo roviov llo Nalions liglor dofonco
managomonl on Oclobor 1, 2001 and las boon acling for incuIcaling synorgy bolvoon
armod forcos by moans of inlograling poIicy, doclrino and procuromonl..
- is a forum for llo Sorvico Cliofs lo discuss mallors
laving a boaring on llo aclivilios of llo Sorvicos and aIso lo adviso llo Minislry. Tlo
posilion of Clairman of llo Cliofs of Slaff Commilloo dovoIvos on llo Iongosl sorving
Cliof of Slaff, and consoquonlIy rolalos amongsl llo llroo Sorvicos. Iinanco Division in
llo Minislry of Dofonco doaIs vill aII mallors laving a financiaI impIicalion. Tlis Division
is loadod by Socrolary (Dofonco Iinanco)/IinanciaI Advisor (Dofonco Sorvicos) and is fuIIy
inlogralod vill llo Minislry of Dofonco and porforms an advisory roIo.
NATIONAL CADET CORPS (NCC)
Tlo NalionaI Cadol Corps (NCC) vas oslabIislod undor llo NCC Acl, 1948 and llo
Diroclor GonoraI, NCC Iocalod al Nov DoIli conlroIs and ovorsoas various aclivilios of
llo NCC llrougl 16 NCC Dirocloralos sproad across llo counlry. Tloro is a ConlraI
Advisory Commilloo for llo NCC lo provido ovoraII poIicy guidoIinos. NCC is mannod
by llo sorvico porsonnoI, WloIo Timo Iady Officors, loaclors/profossors and civiIians. Ono
Iocluror/loaclor in oacl oducalionaI inslilulion is appoinlod Associalo NCC officor. Tlo
mollo of NCC is Unily and DiscipIino.
TRAINING FOR DEFENCE SERVICES
- SainiI SclooIs voro oslabIislod as a joinl vonluro of llo ConlraI
and Slalo Govornmonls. Tloso aro undor llo ovoraII govornanco of SainiI SclooIs
Socioly. SainiI SclooI al Rovari (Haryana) is llo Ialosl ono slarlod in ApriI 2009.
Tlo SainiI SclooIs proparo boys acadomicaIIy, plysicaIIy and monlaIIy lo join Armod
Iorcos llrougl llo NalionaI Dofonco Acadomy (NDA).
- - Iivo Rasllriya MiIilary SclooIs (oarIior MiIilary SclooIs)
affiIialod lo CBSI aro funclioning al Ajmor, BangaIoro, BoIgaum, DloIpur and ClaiI.
Tlo MiIilary SclooIs admil boys in cIass VI, basod on llo rosuIls of an aII India
Inlranco Ixaminalion. WliIo 67 soals aro rosorvod for llo vards of }COs/ORs
caIIod onlilIod calogory, oul of 33 non-onlilIod calogory soals, 20 aro rosorvod
for vards of sorvico officors.
is an inlor-sorvico lraining inslilulion vill llroo
yoars courso slrucluro covorod in six somoslors. Aflor llis lraining, llo cadols procood
lo lloir rospoclivo Sorvico Acadomios for furllor lraining boforo boing commissionod
as officors in llo Armod Iorcos.
- IslabiIislod on Marcl 3, 1922. Tlo
inslilulion is sorving as a foodor inslilulo lo llo NDA. SoIoclion for RIMC is llrougl
a vrillon oxaminalion cum viva voco conduclod llrougl llo Slalo Govornmonls.
Soals for rospoclivo Slalos aro rosorvod basod on popuIalion. Indian MiIilary Acadomy
(IMA): IslabiIislod in 1932.
Tlo Acadomy lrains cadols for Slorl Sorvico
Commission. Will llo onlry of vomon officors in llo Army sinco Soplombor 21, 1992,
CoIIogo of MiIilary Inginooring (CMI) is affiIialod lo }avalarIaI Nolru Univorsily
(}NU) for llo avard of B.Tocl and M. Tocl dogroos.
98 INDIA 2011
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Tlo NDC runs a 47-vooI courso ovory yoar for soIoclod
sonior Dofonco and CiviI Sorvicos officors from India and Dofonco officors from
friondIy foroign counlrios.
is a Tri-Sorvico calogory A lraining oslabIislmonl.
Osmania Univorsily rocognizos llo coro courso of CDM, namoIy llo Higlor Dofonco
Managomonl Courso for llo avard of llo Maslor of Managomonl Sludios (MMS) dogroo.
- Il imparls lraining lo middIo IovoI officors
of llo llroo Sorvicos bosidos a fov civiIian officors and officors from friondIy foroign
counlrios.
is loadod by a Socrolary and doaIs vill
mallors porlaining lo dofonco produclion, indigonisalion of imporlod sloros, oquipmonl
and sparos, pIanning and conlroI of doparlmonlaI produclion unils of llo Ordinanco
Iaclory Board and Dofonco IubIic Soclor UndorlaIings (DISUs).
DEFENCE PUBLIC SECTOR UNDERTAKINGS
- - is a DISU and is commillod lo
acliovo slralogic soIf roIianco in llo aorospaco soclor las producod 11 lypos of aircrafl
from in-louso R&D and 14 lypos undor Iiconso.
- suppIios IIoclronic Iquipmonls lo llo Indian
Dofonco Sorvicos and Iara-miIilary Iorcos.
- ) Manufacluros and suppIios Ground supporl
oquipmonl sucl as Talra basod Higl MobiIily lrucIs, Armourod Rocovory volicIos,
Hoavy Rocovory volicIos, Ionloon Bridgo Syslom, VolicIos for MissiIo projocls, TanI
lransporlalion lraiIors, MiIraiI vagons and coaclos, Mino pIougls, Crasl Iiro Tondors,
Aircrafl Toving lraclors, Aircrafl voapon Ioading lroIIoy, Transmission and finaI drivo
sysloms for BMI Combal volicIos, Susponsion syslom for BallIo TanIs. Tlo company
aIso suppIios BuII Dozors, Ixcavalors and Molor Gradors lo DGBR and Army for
Bordor road conslruclion/mainlonanco, snov cIoaranco and ollor civiI vorIs.
is ongagod in conslruclion of varslips incIuding
Doslroyors, Corvollos, Submarinos, Nov Gonoralion SloaIll Irigalos, Offsloro IalroI
VossoIs, conslruclion.
(GSI) (an ISO-9001 corlifiod company) is slipyards, buiIding
modium and commoncod funclioning vill ils ovn Board of Diroclors sinco Soplombor
29, 1967. Govornmonl of India las conforrod llo slalus of Mini Ralna, Calogory-I
in Marcl 2007. Tlo Company las ombarIod on a major oxorciso of divorsificalion
inlo buiIding GIass Roinforcod IIaslic (GRI) boals lo calor for ordors from Minislry
of Homo Affairs. GSI is aIso vonluring inlo buiIding Sloro Basod Tosl IaciIily (SBTI)
for avialion spociaIizalion.
- - Il is a Ioading
slipbuiIding yard and manufacluror of ligl vaIuo, ligl loclnoIogy, compIox
Land and the People 99
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INDIA 2011
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onginooring iloms in Iaslorn India. Tlo Company las boon granlod llo Calogory-
I Mini Ralna slalus.
- Il vas oslabIislod in 1970 for manufacluring of
Guidod MissiIos. Bosidos producing Irillvi missiIo sysloms undor llo IGMDI, BDI
is ongagod in llo produclion of KonIurs-M and Invar (3UBK-20) Anli Guidod
MissiIos in coIIaboralion vill Russia. Inlouso dovoIopod CMDS (Counlor Moasuros
Disponsing Syslom) las boon accoplod by llo Indian Air Iorco. Tlo Company las
vonlurod inlo produclionising undorvalor voapon sysloms sucl as Advancod Iigll
Woigll Torpodo (TAI) and Iigll Woigll Minos in Concurronl Inginooring modo.
- Was incorporalod as a IubIic Soclor
UndorlaIing undor llo Adminislralivo ConlroI of Doparlmonl of Dofonco Iroduclion
and SuppIios, Minislry of Dofonco in 1973 for manufacluring of SuporaIIoys, Tilanium
aIIoys and SpociaI Iurposo SlooIs, MoIybdonum viros and pIalos, Tilanium and
SlainIoss SlooI lubos, Sofl Magnolic aIIoys, ConlroIIod oxpansion aIIoys and Rosislanco
aIIoys aIso form parl of llo produclion.
DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION (DRDO)
DRDO, oslabiIislod by combining ToclnicaI DovoIopmonl IslabIislmonl (TDIs) of Indian
Army and Dirocloralo of ToclnicaI DovoIopmonl & Iroduclion (DTD&I) vill Dofonco
Scionco Organisalion (DSO) in 1958, vill llo lag Iino BaIasya muIam vigyanam Tlo
sourco of slrongll is Scionco. DRDO is loadod by llo socrolary, Doparlmonl of Dofonco
R&D and Diroclor GonoraI R&D, aIso caIIod as (llo Scionlific Advisor lo RaIsla Manlri).
Dr. DS Kollari, vas llo firsl lo load llo organisalion. Tlo load is supporlod by oigll
Cliof ConlroIIors. Tlo corporalo loadquarlor of DRDO is al DRDO Blavan, Iocalod al
Rajaji Marg, Nov DoIli. DRDO Hqrs, is funclioning undor llo Corporalo Dirocloralos and
llo ToclnicaI Dirocloralos. Tlo DRDO Iaboralorios, aro cIassfiod inlo oigll cIuslors Aoro-
naulics, Armamonls, Combal VolicIos and Inginooring, IIoclronics and Compulor Scioncos,
MaloriaIs, MissiIos, NavaI Rosoarcl and DovoIopmonl and Iifo Scioncos. ToclnicaI Diroc-
loralos for oacl Iab acl as singIo vindov lo llo R&D Hqs and llo Govl. of India. Tlo
Scionlific Advisors lo COAS, CAS, CNS and Dopuly Cliof of IDS aIso acl as ToclnicaI
Diroclors lo rondor sorvicos lo lloir rospoclivo Cliofs.
---- undorlaIos frosl rocruilmonl of
scionlisls al various IovoIs and conducls assossmonls for promolions of scionlisls
on poriodic basis vloras Tlo Conlro for IorsonnoI TaIonl Managomonl (CIITAM)
is rosponsibIo for induclion and lraining of ToclnicaI and Ollor Slaff of llo
organisalion.
RESETTLEMENT OF EX-SERVICEMEN
Tlo Doparlmonl of Ix-sorvicomon WoIfaro (ISW) formuIalos various poIicios and
programmos for llo voIfaro and rosollIomonl of Ix-sorvicomon (ISM) in llo counlry.
Tlo Doparlmonl las lvo Divisions viz., llo RosollIomonl Division and llo Ionsion
INDIA 2011
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Division. Tlo rosollIomonl and voIfaro aclivilios of llo Doparlmonl of Ix-sorvicomon
aro carriod oul llrougl llo llroo organisalions namoIy Dirocloralo GonoraI (RosollIo-
monl), Kondriya SainiI Board (KSB) and Ix-sorvicomon Conlribulory HoaIll Sclomo
(ICHS). WliIo llo KSB, loadod by RaIsla Manlri as ox-officio Irosidonl of llo Board,
Iays dovn gonoraI poIicos for llo voIfaro of ISM and lloir dopondonls and aIso for
adminislralion of voIfaro funds, llo offico of Dirocloralo GonoraI of RosollIomonl
impIomonls various poIicios/sclomos/programmos of llo Govornmonl, for ISM IiIo
pro and posl roliromonl lraining, ro-ompIoymonl, soIf ompIoymonl olc. Tlo main llrusl
of llo Doparlmonl of Ix-sorvicomon WoIfaro is on rosollIomonl/rolabiIilalion of ISM
and lloir dopondonls.
- Tlo Dirocloralo GonoraI (RosollIomonl) organizos RosollIomonl
Training Irogrammos basod on slorl coursos of ono lo llroo monlls duralion and
a fov coursos up lo six monlls duralion. }unior Commissionod Officors (}COs)/Ollor
RanIs (ORs) IquivaIonl Training: RosollIomonl Training Irogrammos for IorsonnoI
BoIov Officor RanI (IBORs) aro conduclod up lo six lo nino monlls in govornmonl,
somi-govornmonl and privalo inslilulos
Tlo sclomo is primariIy moanl for lloso ISM vlo
couId nol avaiI llo faciIily of rosollIomonl lraining vliIo in sorvico. Il is aIso oxlondod
lo llo vidov ono dopondonl of ISM.
RE-EMPLOYMENT OF EX-SERVICEMEN
Tlo ConlraI and Slalo Govornmonls provido a numbor of concossions lo ox-sorvicomon
for lloir ro-ompIoymonl in ConlraI/Slalo Govornmonl Doparlmonls. Tloso incIudo rosor-
valion of posls/roIaxalion in ago and oducalionaI quaIificalions, oxomplion from paymonl
of appIicalion/oxaminalion foos and priorily in ompIoymonl lo llo disabIod ISM and
dopondanls of docoasod sorvico porsonnoI on compassionalo grounds.
- - Tlo ConlraI Govornmonl las
Iopl llo foIIoving rosorvalion in sorvicos for ISM: (a) 10 in Group C posls, 20
in Group D posls, (b) 14.5 rosorvalion in Group C and 24.5 in Group D posls
in ISUs and NalionaIizod BanIs, (c) 10 posls of Assislanl Commandanls in
paramiIilary forcos, and (d) In Dofonco Socurily Corps, 100 vacancios aro rosorvod
for ISM.
PLACEMENT THROUGH DGR
- Tlo Dirocloralo GonoraI (RosollIomonl) ompanoIs/sponsors ISM
run privalo socurily agoncios, companios and corporalions for providing socurily
guards lo various ConlraI IubIic Soclor UndorlaIings (ISUs) and induslrios in llo
privalo soclor. Tlo sclomo offors good soIf ompIoymonl opporlunilios lo rolirod
officors and adoqualo ompIoymonl opporlunily lo rolirod IBOR, in a fioId, vloro
lloy lavo sufficionl oxporliso.
INDIA 2011
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-- Tlo Rosorvo BanI of India las issuod inslruclions lo
banIs llal lloy may avaiI sorvicos of DGR sponsorod ISM Socurily Agoncios/
companios/corporalions onIy for guarding arrangomonl of curroncy closls.
SCHEMES FOR SELF-EMPLOYMENT
- - Ix-Sorvicomon and vidovs of dofonco porsonnoI,
vlo diod vliIo in sorvico, aro oIigibIo lo appIy for aIIolmonl of Army SurpIus CIass V-
B VolicIos.
- Tlis is a popuIar sclomo in voguo for llo Iasl 28 yoars.
Tlo ISM CoaI Companios lavo porformod lo llo lolaI salisfaclion of llo CoaI
Subsidiarios and lavo oslabIislod llomsoIvos as llo main vorI forco of CoaI India
Iimilod (CII).
Minislry of IolroIoum and NaluraI Gas las
rosorvod 8 of OiI Iroducl Agoncios for llo dofonco calogory appIicanls compriso
var-limo/poaco-limo vidovs and disabIod soIdiors.
- -- Tlis is a limo loslod
voII paying soIf ompIoymonl sclomo for ISM IBOR.
- - Tlo aim of IM ScloIarslip for boys is ` 1250/- p.m. and
for girIs ` 1500/- p.m. Sclomo is lo oncourago llo vards of vidovs and ox-
sorvicomon lo laIo up liglor loclnicaI and profossionaI oducalion.
ENTREPRENEUR SCHEMES
Tlo sclomos in oporalion al prosonl aro and comprising vonluros
in ruraI aroas in agricuIluro, induslry and sorvico soclors. Subsidy of 2530 is avaiIabIo
for lloso sclomos. AppIicalion for Ioan is submillod by ox-sorvicomon diroclIy lo llo BanI
llrougl concornod ZiIa SainiI Boards.
Tlo Sclomo vas slarlod in 1988 vill llo assislanco of NalionaI
BanI for AgricuIluro and RuraI DovoIopmonl (NABARD) for funding llo
onlropronourslip in agricuIluro, induslry and sorvico soclors in ruraI aroas. Subsidy
uplo 25 of projocl cosl is providod.
Tlo sclomo vas slarlod in 1992 vill llo assislanco of Kladi and ViIIago
Induslrios Commission (KVIC) for solling up of loxliIo, viIIago, collago, liny and smaII
scaIo induslrios in ruraI aroas. Ioan up lo ` 25 IaIls and subsidy uplo 30 is providod
undor llo sclomo.
AWACS
Tlo AWACS vas formaIIy induclod inlo IMI on May 28, 2009 by RaIsla Manlri. Tlo
AWACS induclion inlo llo IMI las loraIdod a nov ago of modorn varfaro boosling
llo IMIs campaign lo acquiro a nolvorI conlric varfaro capabiIily.
INDIA 2011
103
. Tlo upgrado of DARIN-I }aguar aircrafl lo DARIN-III slandard las boon approvod
and is pIannod lo bo compIolod by 20172018.
Conlracl for suppIy of addilionaI Su-30 MKI aircrafl vas signod vill HAI in Marcl
2007. A Iollor of Offor and Accoplanco (IOA) for acquisilion of C-130} aircrafls las
boon signod vill llo US Govornmonl. Aconlracl las boon signod vill M/S Rosonborn
Ixporl, Russia for doIivory of MI-17V5 loIicoplors.
IMPROTANT LABORATORIES UNDER THE DRDO
Aeronautics
AoronaulicaI DovoIopmonl IslabIislmonl (ADI). BangaIoro
AoriaI DoIivory Rosoarcl and DovoIopmonl IslabIislmonl (ADRDI), Agra
Conlro for Air Borno Sysloms (CABS), BangaIoro
Dofonco Avionics Rosoarcl IslabIislmonl (DARI). BangaIoro
Gas Turbino Rosoarcl IslabIislmonl (GTRI), BangaIoro
Armaments
Armamonl Rosoarcl and DovoIopmonl IslabIislmonl (ARDI), Iuno
Conlro for Iiro, IxpIosivo and Invironmonl Safoly (CIIIS), DoIli
Higl Inorgy MaloriaIs Rosoarcl Iaboralory (HIMRI), Iuno
Combat Vehicles and Engineering
Combal VolicIos Rosoarcl and DovoIopmonl Isll. (CVRDI), Clonnai
VolicIo Rosoarcl and DovoIopmonl IslabIislmonl (VRDI), Almodnagar
Rosoarcl and DovoIopmonl IslabIislmonl (R&DI), Iuno
Electronics and Computer Sciences
Advancod NumoricaI Rosoarcl and AnaIysis Group (ANURAG), Hydorabad
Conlro for ArlificiaI InloIIigonco and Robolics (CA1R), BangaIoro
Dofonco IIoclronics Rosoarcl Iaboralory (DIRI), Hydorabad
Dofonco Scionlific Informalion and Documonlalion Conlro (DIS1DOC), DoIli
IIoclronics and Radar DovoIopmonl IslabIislmonl (IRDI), BangaIoro
Iasor Scionco and ToclnoIogy Conlro (IAST/IC). DoIli
Microvavo Tubo Rosoarcl and DovoIopmonl Conlor (MTRDC), BangaIoro
SoIid Slalo Ilysics Iaboralory (SSII), DoIli
Scionlific AnaIysis Group (SAG), DoIli
INDIA 2011
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Lite Sciences
Dofonco Bio-Inginooring and IIoclro ModicaI Iaboralory (DIBII). BangaIoro
Dofonco Inslilulo of IlysioIogy and AIIiod Scioncos (DIIAS), DoIli
Dofonco Inslilulo of IsycloIogicaI Rosoarcl (DIIR). DoIli
Dofonco Rosoarcl Iaboralory (DRI), Tojpur
Inslilulo of NucIoar Modicino and AIIiod Scioncos (INMAS), DoIli
Materials
Dofonco MolaIIurgicaI Rosoarcl Iaboralory (DMRI), Hydorabad
Dofonco MaloriaIs and Sloros Rosoarcl and DovoIopmonl IslabIislmonl (DMSRDI),
Kanpur
Missiles
Dofonco Rosoarcl and DovoIopmonl Iaboralory (DRDI), Hydorabad
Inslilulo of Sysloms Sludios and AnaIysos (1SSA), DoIli
Inlogralod Tosl Rango (ITR), BaIasofo
Associated Technologies
G-IAST, DoIli
CSAT PAPER-1
General Studies
Question Bank
UPSCPORTALS
INDIA 2011
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INDIA 2011
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-
NalionaI BaI Blavan Nov DoIli, 1956 (Aulonornous body fuIIy fundod by HRD
minislry lo provido opporlunilios of
croalivo
Kondnya VidyaIaya Sangallan 1965 (Il vas approvod in 1962 on rocommon-
dalion of II Iay Commission. 3 Kon-
driya vidyaIayas aro in Tolran, Moscov
and Kallmandu.)
NalionaI CounciI of Iducalion Nov DoIli
Rosoarcl and Training (NCIRT)
Urdu Ianguago (NCIUI) ApriI 19 (Iunclions as an aulonomous body for
promolion of Urdu Ianguago as voII as
Arabic and Iorsian.)
ConlraI Inslilulo of Indian Ianguago Mysoro (Conducls rosoarcl in aroas of Ianguago
(CIII) anaIysis. Il aIso runs rogionaI Ianguago
conlros lo loIp in mooling domand for
lraining of loaclors lo impIomonl 3
Ianguago formuIa.)
ConlraI Inslilulo of IngIisl and Hydorabad Il is doomod univorsily and aulonomous
Ioroign Ianguagos (CIIII) body undor Minislry of Human Rosourco
DovoIopmonl Coffors lraining in Arabic,
Ironcl, Gorman, }apanoso, Russian and
Spanisl.
Rasllriya SansIril Sansllan Nov DoIli, 1970 (Aulonomous organisalion vill doomod
univorsily slalus. Il is fuIIy fundod by
Govl. of India)
SlrI Iai Baladur Slaslri Rasllriya Nov DoIli (Il providos coursos of sludy from
Slaslri lo Vidya Vaclaspali (D. Iil).)
SanasIril Vidyapoolla
Education
10
10
INDIA 2011
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Indian CounciI of HisloricaI Nov DoIli, 1972 (Il roviovs llo progross of lisloricaI
Rosoarcl (ICHR) rosoarcl and oncouragos scionlific
vriling of lislory.)
Indian CounciI of IliIosoplicaI Nov DoIli & (Il roviovs llo progross, sponsors or
Rosoarcl (ICIR) IucInov, 1977 assisls projocls and programmos of
rosoarcl in pliIosoply.)
Indian Inslilulo of Advancod Sludios SlimIa, 1965 (Il is rosidonliaI conlro for advancod
(IIAS) rosoarcl in lumanily, sociaI scioncos and
VialuraI scioncos.)
Indian CounciI of SociaI Scionco Nov DoIli Al is an aulonomous body for promoling
(ICSSR) and coordinaling sociaI scionco rosoarcl)
NalionaI CounciI of RuraI Inslilulo 1995 (Aulonomous organisalion fuIIy fundod
(NCRI) by ConlraI govornanco lo promolo ruraI
liglor oducalion in Iinos of Gandlis
rovoIulionary idoas`)
Indira Gandli NalionaI Opon Nov DoIli, (Il is rosponsibIo for promolion of opon
Univorsily (IGNOU) Sopl., 1985 univorsily anddislanco oducalion syslom.
In 26 }an., 2001, il Iaunclod Gyandarslan
(24 lr oducalion clannoI), in Nov., 2001,
Iaunclod IM Radio NolvorIs and in
2005, oslabIislod 100 Idusal supporlod
saloIIilo inlor lorminaIs aII ovor llo
counlry.
AII India CounciI for ToclnicaI Nov DoIli (il is slalulory body for pIanning and
Iducalion (AICTI) coordinalod dovoIopmonl of loclnicaI
oducalion syslom.
Indian Inslilulo of Scionco (IISc) BangaIuru
Indian Inslilulo of Informalion GvaIior
ToclnoIogy Managomonl (HTM)
Indian Inslilulo of Informalion AIIalabad (Il las an oxlonsion campus al Amolli.)
ToclnoIogy (HIT)
Indian Inslilulo of IT, Dosign & }abaIpur
Manufacluring (IIITDM)
NalionaI BooI Trusl (NBT) Nov DoIli (An aulonomous body undor HRD.
Ivory aIlornalo yoar il organisos llo
WorId BooI Iair in Nov DoIli (Iargosl
booI fair in Asia and Africa).
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Boforo 1976, oducalion, vas llo oxcIusivo rosponsibiIily of llo slalos. Tlo conslilulionaI
amondmonl acl of 1976 incIudod oducalion on Concurronl Iisl and Union govl.
accoplod llo rosponsibiIily of roinforcing llo nalionaI and inlogralod claraclor of
oducalion, mainlaining quaIily and slandard and moniloring of llo oducalionaI
roquiromonls.
Tlo NalionaI IoIicy on Iducalion (NII), 1986 and llo Irogrammo of Aclion (IOA),
1986 as updalod in 1922, onvisagos a NalionaI Syslom of oducalion.
Tlo ConlraI Advisory Board of Iducalion (CABI), oslabiIislod in 1920 bul dis-
soIvod in 1923 duo lo oconomy moasuro foIIovod by a rovivaI in 1935 and conlinuod
lo oxisl liII Marcl 1994, llo liglosl advisory body lo adviso llo ConlraI and Slalo
Govornmonls in llo fioId of oducalion. CABI las boon again roconslilulod in }uIy
2004 and ils firsl mooling vas loId on 1011ll Aug., 04 vlicl rosuIlod in croalion
of sovon CABI Commilloos in Sopl., 04 lo oxamino: (i) Iroo and CompuIsory
oducalion BiII and ollor issuos roIalod lo IIomonlary Iducalion, (ii) GirIs Iducalion
and llo Common SclooI Syslom, (iii) UnivorsaIisalion of Socondary Iducalion,
(iv) Aulonomy of Higlor Iducalion Inslilulions, (v) Inlogralion of CuIluro Idu-
calion in llo SclooI CurricuIum, (vi) RoguIalory Moclanism for llo Toxl BooIs and
-
-
- - - - - -
- -

1. 200102 20,97,726 65,746.2 14,119.5 79,865.7 3.13 0.67 3. 81

2. 200203 22,61,415 69,350.7 16,156.6 85,507.3 3.07 0.71 3. 78
3. 200304 25,38,170 71,978.3 17, 101 89,079.3 2.84 0.67 3. 51
4. 200405 28,77,701 78,668.1 18026 96,694.1 2.73 0.63 3. 36
5. 200506 32,82,385 90,018.9 23,209.8 1,13,228.7 2.74 0.71 3. 45
6. 200607 37,79,385 1,03,147.5 34,017.6 1,37,165.1 2.73 0.91 3. 64
7. 200708 (RI) 43,20,892 1,23,325.3 38,107.2 1,61,432.5 2.85 0.88 3. 74
8. 200809 (BI) 49,33,183 1,40,094.5 46,237.5 1,86,332 2.84 0.94 3. 78
I = Irovi sionaI oslimalos RI= Rovisod Islimalos BI = Budgol Islimalos Nolo:-
1. GDI figuros aro on llo baso yoar 199900 sorios.
2. GDI figuros aro laIon from NalionaI Accounls Slalislics 2009 pubIislod by ConlraI SlalislicaI Organizalion
(CSO).
3. Ollor Doparlmonls incIudo Doparlmonls/Minislrios sucl as AgricuIluro, HoaIll & IamiIy WoIfaro, Iabour
& ImpIoymonl, Sci onco & ToclnoIogy, Tri baI Affairs, Iosl & ToIograpls, Homo Affairs, Commorco,
RaiIvays, Dofonco, olc.
MHRD, D/o Higlor Iducalion, IIanning, Moniloring and Slalislics Buroau, 200809.
INDIA 2011
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paraIIoI loxl booIs laugll in sclooIs oulsido llo Govornmonl syslom and
(vii) Iinancing of Higlor and ToclnicaI Iducalion. Tlo roporls of lloso Commilloos
voro discussod in llo 53rd Mooling of llo CABI (1415ll }uIy, 05, Nov DoIli) and
las boon docidod lo conslilulo llroo Slanding Commilloos of llo CABI, for
(i) IncIusivo Iducalion for CliIdron and Youll. (ii) Iiloracy and AduIl Iducalio-
nand (iii) inlogralion and coordinalion of offorls for cliIdrons dovoIopmonl. On
llo rocommondalions mado by llo CABI, in ils mooling ( 67ll Sopl., 05) a
moniloring commilloo las boon sol up lo ovorsoo llo proparalion of syIIabus for
llo loxlbooIs by NCIRT. In ordor lo faciIilalo donalions incIuding smaIIor amounls
from India and abroad for impIomonling projocls/programmos connoclod vill llo
oducalion soclor, llo Govornmonl las conslilulod Blaral SliIsla Kosl as a
Socioly rogislorod undor llo Sociolios Rogislralion Acl, 1860, Iaunclod officiaIIy on
9 }anuary, 2003 during llo coIobralions of Iravasi Blaraliya Divas.
ELEMENTARY EDUCATION
- (SSA) is a nalionaI fIagslip programmo Iaunclod in 2001, boing
impIomonlod in aII dislricls vill llo aim as foIIovs: (i) AII 614 ago cliIdron in sclooI/IGS
(Iducalion Guaranloo Sclomo) conlro/Bridgo Courso by 2005, (ii) Bridgo aII gondor and
sociaI calogory gaps al primary slago by 2007 and al oIomonlary oducalion IovoI by 2010,
(iii) UnivorsaI rolonlion by 2010 and (iv) Iocus on oIomonlary oducalion of salisfaclory quaIily
vill omplasis on oducalion for Iifo. Tlo assislanco vas on a 85 : 15 slaring basis during
llo Ninll IIan, 75 : 25 slaring basis during llo Tonll IIan, and 50 : 50 slaring lloroaflor
bolvoon llo ConlraI Govornmonl and llo Slalo Govornmonl oxcopl for 8 NI slalos, vloro
15 of llo assislanco is mol by Minislry for llo lvo yoars 200506 and 200607.
EDUCATION GUARANTEE SCHEME AND ALTERNATIVE AND INNOVATIVE
EDUCATION
Tlo sclomo onvisagos llal cliId-viso pIanning is undorlaIon lo bring oul-of-sclooI
cliIdron in llo foId of IIomonlary Iducalion. IGS addrossos llo inaccossibIo labilalion
vloro lloro is no formaI sclooI villin llo radius of ono Im and alIoasl 1525 cliIdron
of 614 yoars ago group vlo aro nol going lo sclooI aro avaiIabIo. In oxcoplionaI casos
romolo labilalions in liIIy aroas ovon for 10 cliIdron an IGS sclooI can bo oponod.
Wloro as aIlornalivo and innovalivo oducalion addrossos for vory doprivod cliIdron
IiIo cliId Iabour, migraling cliIdron, slrool clidron in llo ago group of +9.
MID-DAY MEAL SCHEME
NalionaI Irogrammo of NulrilionaI Supporl lo Irimary Iducalion (NI-NSII) vas Iaunclod
as a ConlraIIy Sponsorod Sclomo on 15ll Augusl, 1995, By llo yoar 199798 llo NI-NSII
vas inlroducod in aII bIocIs of llo counlry foIIovod by oxlonsion in 2002 and rovisions
in Sopl., 2004 and }uIy, 2006.
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In Soplombor 2007, llo namo of llo Sclomo vas clangod from NalionaI Irogrammo
of NulrilionaI Supporl lo Irimary Iducalion lo NalionaI Irogrammo of Mid Day
MoaI in SclooIs and llo sclomo vas oxlondod lo covor cliIdron of uppor primary
cIassos.
Tlo Sclomo vas furllor rovisod in ApriI 2008 lo covor aII uppor primary sclooIs of
counlry and aIso lo incIudo rocognizod Madrasas/Maqlabs supporlod undor SSA as
Govornmonl Aidod sclooIs as voII as lloso Madrasas/Maqlabs vlicl may nol bo
rogislorod or rocognizod bul supporlod undor SSA as IGS/AII inlorvonlion in
coordinalion vill Slalo Irojocl Diroclors of SSA.
Tlo Sclomo vas again rovisod in Novombor 2009.
Tlo NalionaI Irogrammo of Mid Day MoaI in SclooIs (NI-MDMS) prosonlIy covors
aII cliIdron sludying in CIassos-IVIII in Govornmonl, Govornmonl Aidod and IocaI
Body SclooIs, oducalion Guaranloo Sclomo (IGS) and AIlornalivo and Innovalivo
Iducalion (AII) conlros incIuding Madrasas and Maqlabs supporlod undor SSA.
Tlo objoclivos of llo mid-day moaI sclomo aro:
(i) Improving llo nulrilionaI slalus of cliIdron in cIassos IV in Govornmonl, IocaI Body
and Govornmonl aidod sclooIs, and IGS and AII conlros.
(ii) Incouraging poor cliIdron, boIonging lo disadvanlagod soclions, lo allond sclooI
moro roguIarIy and loIp llom conconlralo on cIassroom aclivilios.
(iii) Iroviding nulrilionaI supporl lo cliIdron of primary slago in drougll affoclod aroas
during summor vacalion.
- - -

CaIorios 300 450
Iroloin 812 12
Micronulrionls Nol Iroscribod Adoqualo quanlilios of
micronulrionls IiIo iron, foIic
acid, vilamin-A olc.
To acliovo llo abovo objoclivos a cooIod mid day moaI vill nulrilionaI conlonl as slovn
in coIumn 3 of llo labIo boIov viII bo providod lo aII cliIdron sludying in cIassos IV:
Monitoring Mechanism
Tlo Doparlmonl of SclooI Iducalion and Iiloracy, Minislry of Human Rosourco DovoI-
opmonl las proscribod llo moniloring moclanism incIudos llo foIIoving.
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Arrangomonls for IocaI IovoI moniloring Roprosonlalivos of Gram Ianclayals/Gram
Sablas, mombors of VICs, ITAs, SDMCs as voII as Mollors Commilloos aro roquirod
lo monilor llo (i) roguIarily and vloIosomonoss of llo mid day moaI sorvod lo cliIdron,
(ii) cIoanIinoss in cooIing and sorving of llo mid day moaI, (iii) limoIinoss in procuromonl
of good quaIily ingrodionls, fuoI, olc. (iv) impIomonlalion of variod monu, (v) sociaI and
gondor oquily. Tlis is roquirod lo bo dono on a daiIy basis.
- : In ordor lo onsuro llal lloro
is lransparoncy and accounlabiIily, aII sclooIs and conlros vloro llo programmo is
boing impIomonlod aro roquirod lo dispIay informalion suo-molo vlicl incIudos
(i) QuaIily of foodgrains rocoivod, dalo of rocoipl, (ii) Quanlily of foodgrains uliIizod,
(iii) Ollor ingrodionls purclasod, uliIizod, (iv) Numbor of cliIdron givon mid day moaI,
(v) DaiIy Monu and (vi) Roslor of Communily Mombors invoIvod in llo programmo.
-- - Officors of llo Slalo Govornmonl/UTs
boIonging lo llo Doparlmonls of Rovonuo, RuraI DovoIopmonl, Iducalion and ollor
roIalod soclors, aro aIso roquirod lo inspocl sclooIs and conlros vloro llo programmo
is boing impIomonlod vill llo rocommondalion of llal 25 of primary sclooIs/IGS
& AII conlros aro visilod ovory quarlor.
-- Tlo ICI is rosponsibIo for llo
conlinuous avaiIabiIily of adoqualo food grains, vlicl slouId of al Ioasl fair avorago
quaIily, by sloring il in ono monll advanco in ils Dopols (and in IrincipaI Dislribulion
Conlros in llo caso of Norll Iasl Rogion). Tlo ICI appoinls a NodaI Officor for oacl
Slalo lo landIo issuos roIalod vill llo iloms in suppIy of food grains.
PERIODIC RETURNS
Tlo Slalo Govornmonl/UT is roquirod lo submil poriodic rolurns lo llo Doparlmonl of
SclooI Iducalion and Iiloracy, lo provido informalion on: (i) covorago of cliIdron and
inslilulions, (ii) Irogross in uliIisalion of ConlraI assislanco, incIuding cooIing cosls,
lransporlalion, conslruclion of Iilclon slods and procuromonl of Iilclon dovicos.
-- - Iorly Ono Inslilulions of
SociaI Scionco Rosoarcl, idonlifiod for monilorung llo Sarva SliIsla Abliyan, aro
aIso onlruslod vill llo lasI of moniloring llo Mid Day Sclomo.
-- Slalos and Union Torrilorios aro roquirod lo dovoIop a dodicalod
moclanism for pubIic griovanco rodrossaI, vlicl slouId bo vidoIy pubIicizod and
mado oasiIy accossibIo.
DISTRICT PRIMARY EDUCATION PROGRAMME
Dislricl Irimary Iducalion Irogrammo (DIII) vas Iaunclod in 1994 as a major inilialivo
lo rovilaIiso llo primary oducalion syslom and lo acliovo llo objoclivo of univorsaIisalion
of primary oducalion. Undor llo Irogrammo paramolors, invoslmonl por dislricl is Iimilod
INDIA 2011
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lo ` 40 croro ovor a projocl poriod of 57 yoars. Tloro is a coiIing of 33.3 por conl on civiI
vorIs compononl and 6 por conl on managomonl cosl. Tlo romaining amounl is roquirod
lo bo sponl on quaIily improvomonl aclivilios. DIII is an oxlornaIIy aidod projocl. 85 por
conl of llo projocl cosl is mol by llo ConlraI Govornmonl vlicl is rosourcod llrougl oxlornaI
assislanco and llo romaining 15 por conl is slarod by llo concornod Slalo Govornmonl.
MAHILA SAMAKHYA SCHEME
MaliIa SamaIlya Sclomo, slarlod in 1989, for llo oducalion and ompovormonl of vomon
in ruraI aroas parlicuIarIy lloso from sociaIIy and oconomicaIIy marginaIizod groups. Tlo
MaliIa SamaIlya Sclomo is impIomonlod in nino Slalos viz., Andlra Iradosl, Assam, Bilar,
}larIland, KarnalIa, KoraIa, Gujaral, Ullar Iradosl and UllaranclaI vlicl oxlondod lo
Madlya Iradosl and Cllalisgarl Ialor.
TEACHER EDUCATION SCHEME
ConlraIIy sponsorod sclomo of Toaclor Iducalion vas Iaunclod in 198788 vill foIIoving
objoclivo:
1. IslabIislmonl of Dislricl Inslilulo of Iducalion & Training (DIITs) by upgradalion
of oxisling IIomonlary Toaclor Iducalion Inslilulions (ITIIs) vlorovor possibIo, and
oslabIislmonl of nov DIIT vloro nocossary.
2. Upgradalion of soIoclod Socondary Toaclor Iducalion Inslilulions (STITIs) inlo
CoIIogos of Toaclor Iducalion (CTIs) & Inslilulos of Advancod Sludy in Iducalion
(IASIs), and
3. Slronglloning of Slalo CounciI of IducalionaI Rosoarcl and Training (SCIRTs).
- - - - --

1. Spoody compIolion of DIIT/CTI/IASI/SCIRT projocls sanclionod bul nol compIolod
up lo llo ond of llo IX IIan poriod.
2. MaIing DIITs, IASIs sanclionod (and SCIRTs slrongllonod) uplo llo IX IIan poriod,
oplimum funclionaI and oporalionaI.
3. Sanclion and impIomonlalion of frosl DIIT/CTI/IASI/SCIRT projocls lo llo oxlonl
nocossary.
4. Improvomonl in llo quaIily of programmos lo bo undorlaIon by DIITs.
- -- -
1. Ono DIIT for oacl dislricl laving a minimum of 2,500 loaclors. If lloro is an oxisling
Govornmonl ITII in llo dislricl, il vouId bo upgradod inlo a DIIT. If no Govornmonl
ITII oxisls in llo dislricl, a nov inslilulion (DIIT) viII bo oslabIislod.
2. Dislricl Rosourco Conlros in dislricls vill Ioss llan 2,500 loaclors. If a Govornmonl
ITII oxisls in llo dislricl, il vouId bo upgradod inlo a DRC ollorviso, a nov DRC
vouId bo oslabIislod in vlicl caso il vouId nol conducl pro-sorvico courso.
INDIA 2011
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3. If in a dislricl vill moro llan 2,500 loaclors, Slalo Govornmonl vislos lo oslabIisl
a DRC in proforonco lo a DIIT, il vouId bo abIo lo do so.
In ordor lo maIo proposaIs for llo 11ll IIan for Toaclor Iducalion, a sub-group undor
llo clairmanslip of Diroclor, NCIRT vas sol-up. Basod on llo rocommondalions of llo
sub-group, in addilion lo slronglloning llo oxisling provisions of llo sclomo, corlain nov
sclomos aro proposod lo bo incorporalod during 11ll IIan:
(a) Augmonling loaclor oducalion capacily in SC/ST and minorily aroas (BIocI Inslilulos
of Toaclor Iducalion)
(b) IrofossionaI DovoIopmonl of in-sorvico IIomonlary and Socondary Toaclors.
(i) Training of unlrainod loaclors and para-loaclors.
(ii) In-sorvico lraining and subjocl InovIodgo upgradalion of praclising loaclors.
(c) IrofossionaI dovoIopmonl of loaclor oducalors llrougl rofroslor courso and foIIovslip
programmo
(d) Supporl lo NGOs.
(o) SpociaI progammo for Norll-Iasl.
(f) ToclnoIogy in Toaclor Iducalion
g) Inlograling IIomonlary Toaclor Iducalion vill Higlor Iducalion.
-
1. SSA To provido univorsaI oIomonlary UnivorsaI
oducalion Targols goograplicaI
UnivorsaI accoss and rolonlion aroas in dislricls and
Bridging of gondor and sociaI calogory bIocIs vill
gaps in II prodominanco of SC, ST,
Significanl onlancomonl in Ioarning OBC and Minorily
IovoIs of cliIdron popuIalion (441 dislricls).
2. MDMS Improving llo nulrilionaI slalus of cliIdron Covors Govornmonl,
in cIassos IVIII IocaI body and
Incouraging poor cliIdron, boIonging lo Govornmonl aidod
disadvanlagod soclions, lo allond sclooIs sclooIs and IGS/AII
moro roguIarIy and loIp llom conconlralo conlros llrougloul
on cIassroom aclivilios llo counlry
3. Toaclor Iducalion To croalo a sound inslilulionaI AImosl UnivorsaI
infraslrucluro for pro-sorvico and in-sorvico
lraining of loaclors
To provido acadomic rosourco supporl lo
oIomonlary and socondary sclooIs
4. MaliIa SamaIlya To onlanco llo soIf imago and soIf Ton Slalos viz. Andlra
confidonco of vomon Iradosl, Assam, Bilar,
INDIA 2011
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To croalo an onvironmonl vloro vomon can Cllallisgarl, }larIland,
sooI InovIodgo and informalion vlicl KarnalaIa, KoraIa,
ompovors llom lo pIay a posilivo roIo in Gujaral, Ullar Iradosl
socioly and UllaranclaI.
5. (i) Sclomo for To bring aboul quaIilalivo improvomonl in Tlo sclomos viII covor
Iroviding QuaIily Madarsas and lo inlroduco scionco, llo onliro counlry bul il is
Iducalion in mallomalics, sociaI sludios, Hindi and voIunlary for minorily
Madarsas (SIQIM) IngIisl in llo curricuIum inslilulions lo sooI
and (ii) Sclomo for To augmonl infraslrucluro in privalo conlraI assislanco.
Infraslrucluro aidod/unaidod minorily sclooIs/
DovoIopmonl in inslilulions lo onlanco quaIily of
Minorily Inslilulions/ oducalion
SclooIs (IDMI).
CBSE
Sol up in 1929, llo socond oIdosl Board of llo counlry, CBSI is an aulonomous body
vorIing undor llo aogis of llo minislry of HRD.
NATIONAL BAL BHAVAN
Tlo NalionaI BaI Blavan, 1956, is an aulonomous body -
-- . Doparlmonl of SclooI Iducalion and Iiloracy llrougl
affiIialod BaI Blavans and BaI Kondras, NalionaI BaI Blavan roaclos oul lo sclooI drop-
ouls, cliIdron of sociaIIy and oconomicaIIy bacIvard cIass, slrool cliIdron and aIso llo
spociaI cliIdron. Il las NalionaI Training Rosourco Conlro (NTRC) villin ils promisos
vlicl imparls lraining lo loaclors on divorso aclivilios.
Il las Iaunclod Tlo BaI Slroo Sclomo in 1995 lo idonlify, lonour and nurluro llo
croalivo cliIdron (ago 916) of India in four idonlifiod aroas of croalivo arl, croalivo
porformanco, croalivo scionlific innovalions and croalivo vriling and lloy rocoivo llis
lonour from llo Irosidonl of India al a gIilloring funclion organisod al llo Rasllrapali
Blavan.
NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR TEACHER EDUCATION
Tlo NalionaI CounciI for Toaclor Iducalion (NCTI) vas oslabIislod in Augusl 1995
vill llo aim lo acliovo pIannod and co-ordinalod dovoIopmonl of loaclor oducalion
syslom llrougloul llo counlry and for roguIalion and propor mainlonanco of norms
and slandards of loaclor oducalion. Il las 4 rogionaI commilloos of llo counciI al }aipur,
BangaIoro, Blubandvar and BlopaI IooIing aflor rocognilion of loaclor lraining in-
slilulion and aro ompovorod lo granl pormission for loaclor lraining courso as por
NalionaI counciI for loaclor oducalion acl. Tlo NCTI rovisod ils oxisling roguIalions
and norms and slandards and nolifiod NCTI (Rocognilion norms and Irocoduros)
2009.
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RIGHT TO EDUCATION
- onaclod in Docombor 2002 sooIs lo maIo
froo and compuIsory oducalion a IundamonlaI Rigll for aII cliIdron in llo ago- group
614 yoars by insorling a nov ArlicIo 21-A in Iarl III (IundamonlaI Rigll) of llo
Conslilulion. ArlicIo 21A of llo Conslilulion says llal:
Tlo Slalo slaII provido froo and compuIsory oducalion lo aII cliIdron of llo ago of
six lo fourloon yoars in sucl mannor as llo Slalo may, by Iav, dolormino.
Il vas passod by IarIiamonl on 4ll Augusl, 2009 and llo RTI vas pubIislod in llo
Gazollo of India on 27ll Augusl, 2009.
PRARAMBHIK SHIKSHA KOSH
A lvo por conl Iducalion Coss vas Ioviod on aII major ConlraI laxos llrougl llo Iinanco
(No. 2) Acl, 2004, lo loIp financo Govornmonls commillmonl lo quaIily basic oducalion.
In ordor lo rocoivo llo procoods of llis Iducalion Coss, llo croalion of a dodicalod, non-
IapsabIo fund caIIod IrarambliI SliIsla Kosl (ISK) in llo IubIic Accounl vas approvod
by Govornmonl on 6ll Ocl, 05 bul formaIIy issuod on 14ll Nov., 05. Aflor prosonlalion
of llo Union Budgol (0607) on 28ll Iob., 06 ISK bocamo a soparalo Iino ilom. Tlo funds
avaiIabIo in llo ISK voro uliIizod oxcIusivoIy for Sarva SliIsla Abliyan (SSA) and NalionaI
Irogrammo for NulrilionaI Supporl of Irimary Iducalion.
NATIONAL LITERACY MISSION
Tlo NalionaI Iiloracy Mission, sol up in May 1988, aims lo allain a suslainabIo llrosloId
IovoI of 75 por conl Iiloracy by imparling funclionaI Iiloracy lo non-Iiloralos in llo ago group
of 1535 yoars, by 2007. Tlo TolaI Iiloracy Campaigns, llo principaI slralogy of NIM for
oradicalion of iIIiloracy, aro impIomonlod llrougl ZiIIa SaIslarala Samilis (dislricl IovoI
Iiloracy commilloos) as indopondonl and aulonomous bodios, laving duo roprosonlalion
of aII soclions of socioly. Tlo NalionaI Iiloracy Mission aims al onsuring llal llo TolaI
Iiloracy Campaigns and llo Iosl-Iiloracy Irogrammos succossfuIIy movo on lo Conlinuing
Iducalion. Tlo Conlinuing Iducalion Sclomo providos a Ioarning conlinuum lo llo offorls
of TolaI Iiloracy and Iosl Iiloracy Irogrammos. Tlo main llrusl is on providing furllor
Ioarning opporlunilios lo noo-Iiloralos by solling up of Conlinuing Iducalion Conlros
(CICs) SpociaI inlorvonlions for IomaIo Iiloracy: As por Consus, 2001, 47 dislricls in llo
counlry lavo a fomaIo Iiloracy ralo boIov 30 por conl. As mosl of llo lloso dislricls aro
conconlralod in llo Slalos of Ullar Iradosl, Bilar, Odisla and }larIland, spociaI inno-
valivo programmos lavo boon laIon up in lloso dislricls for promoling fomaIo Iiloracy.
Tlo programmo in Ullar Iradosl and Bilar las boon compIolod and oxlornaIIy ovaIualod.
Irojocls for RosiduaI IIIiloracy: Irojocls for RosiduaI IIIiloracy (IRI) lavo boon laIon up
in 9 Dislricls of Rajasllan, 10 dislricls of Andlra Iradosl, 7 dislricls of Bilar, 14 dislricls
of KarnalaIa, 12 dislricls of Madlya Iradosl, 3 dislricl of Tripura, 3 dislricl of }larIland
and 18 dislricls of Ullar Iradosl, 4 dislricls of Mizoram, and Wosl BongaI.
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Tlo CounciI of llo NIMA in ils mooling loId in ApriI 2005
idonlifiod 150 dislricls vlicl lavo llo Iovosl Iiloracy ralos for Iauncling a spociaI
Iiloracy drivo, vill spociaI focus on llo minorily groups, porsons boIonging lo scloduIod
caslos, scloduIod lribos, vomon and ollor bacIvard soclions of llo socioly.
- - Tlo objoclivo of llo }an SliIslan Sansllan (}SS) is oducalionaI,
vocalionaI and occupalionaI dovoIopmonl of llo socio-oconomicaIIy bacIvard and
oducalionaIIy disadvanlagod groups of urban/ruraI popuIalion.
SGH mombors lrainod by }an SliIslan Sansllan in SivaIasi oponod basic oIoclronics
unil for ropair and mainlonanco of domoslic appIiancos.
Tlo ConlraI Dirocloralo of AduIl Iducalion providos
acadomic and loclnicaI rosourco supporl lo NalionaI Iiloracy Mission. NIM-UNISCO
Avards aro givon ovory yoar lo llo soIoclod Slalo Rosourco Conlro, }an SliIslan
Sansllan and Univorsily, Doparlmonl of AduIl, Conlinuning Iducalion and Ixlonsion
for lloir oulslanding vorI dono in llo fioId of aduIl and Iiloracy programmos. Tlo
avard vinnors voro:
(i) Slalo Rosourco Conlro, KoIIala
(ii) }an SliIslan Sansllan Aurangabad and
(iii) Doparlmonl of Conlinuing Iducalion & Ixlonsion, S.V. Univorsily, Tirupali.
is givon ovory yoar lo soIoclod TIC/III/CI dislricls
for lloir bosl porforming and significanl acliovomonls in Iiloracy programmos.
- - Tlo avard carrios a casl avard of US$
20,000 and a cilalion.
EVALUATION
393 TolaI Iiloracy Campaign dislricls and 172 Iosl Iiloracy Irogrammo dislricls lavo boon
ovaIualod by llo IxlornaI IvaIualion Agoncios. Sovon Conlinuing Iducalion Irogrammo
dislricls, Mandi (HimaclaI Iradosl), Ajmor (Rajasllan), IdduIi Kasargod and KoIIam
and (KoraIa) Ullar Kammad and Davangoro (KarnalaIa) lavo aIso boon ovaIualod by
oxlornaI ovaIualion agoncios. SimiIarIy, llo aclivilios of 106 }SSs lavo aIso boon ovaIualod.
1. Tlo Iiloracy ralo in 2001 las boon rocordod al 64.84 por conl as againsl 52.21 por
conl in 1991. Tlo 12.63 porconlago poinls incroaso in llo Iiloracy ralo during llo
poriod is llo liglosl incroaso in any docado.
2. Ralo of grovll in Iiloracy is moro in ruraI aroas llan in urban aroas.
3. Tlo gap in maIo-fomaIo Iiloracy ralo las docroasod from 24.84 por conl in 1991 lo
21.60 por conl in 2001.
4. IomaIo Iiloracy incroasod by 14.38 por conl vloroas maIo Iiloracy incroasod by 11.13
por conl during llo Iasl docado.
5. Gondor oquily and vomons ompovormonl is aIso visibIo as aboul 60 por conl of
parlicipanls and bonoficiarios aro vomon.
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6. In aII slalos and union lorrilorios, llo maIo Iiloracy ralo is nov ovor 60 por conl.
KoraIa conlinuos lo lavo llo liglosl Iiloracy ralo of 90.92 por conl and Bilar las
llo Iovosl Iiloracy ralo of 47.53 por conl.
7. Oul of llo lolaI 600 dislricls in llo counlry, 597 dislricls lavo boon covorod by NIM
undor Iiloracy programmo.
EDUCATION OF SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES
ArlicIo 46 of llo Conslilulion slalos llal, Tlo Slalo slaII promolo, vill spociaI caro, llo
oducalion and oconomic inlorosls of llo voaIor soclions of llo socily, and, in parlicuIar
of llo ScloduIod Caslos and ScloduIod Tribos, and slaII prolocl llom from sociaI injuslico
and aII forms of sociaI oxpIoilalion. ArlicIos 330, 332, 335, 338 lo 342 and llo onliro Iifll
and Sixll ScloduIos of llo Conslilulion doaI vill spociaI provisions for impIomonlalion
of llo objoclivos sol forll in ArlicIo 46.
- Tlo
NIIGIIundor llo oxislingsclomo of Sarva SliIslaAbliyan (SSA) providos addilionaI
compononls for oducalion of girIs undor priviIogod/disadvanlagod al llo oIomonlary
IovoI. Tlo Sclomo is boing impIomonlod in IducalionaIIy BacIvard BIocIs (IBBs)
vloro llo IovoI of ruraI fomaIo Iiloracy is Ioss llan llo nalionaI avorago and llo
gondor gap is abovo llo nalionaI avorago, as voII as in bIocIs of dislricls llal lavo
al Ioasl 5 por conl SC/ST popuIalion and vloro SC/ST fomaIo Iiloracy is boIov 10
por conl basod on 1991.
- SKI aims al univorsaIisalion and quaIilalivo
improvomonl of primary oducalion in romolo, arid and socio-oconomicaIIy bacIvard
viIIagos in Rajasllan vill primary allonlion lo girIs.
- - Undor llo sclomo of Kaslurba Gandli BaIiIa
VidyaIaya, 750 rosidonliaI sclooIs aro boing sol up in difficuIl aroas vill boarding
faciIilios al oIomonlary IovoI for girIs boIonging prodominanlIy lo llo SC, ST, OBC and
minorilios. Tlo sclomo vouId bo appIicabIo onIy in lloso idonlifiod IducalionaIIy
BacIvard BIocIs (IBBs) vloro, as por consus dala 2001, llo ruraI fomaIo Iiloracy is boIov
llo nalionaI avorago and gondor gap in Iiloracy is moro llan llo nalionaI avorago.
- - Tlo ConlraI Inslilulo of Indian
Ianguagos, Mysoro las a sclomo of dovoIopmonl of Indian Ianguagos llrougl
rosoarcl, dovoIoping manpovor and produclion of maloriaIs in modorn Indian
Ianguagos incIuding lribaI Ianguagos.
- - Dr. AmbodIar NalionaI ScloIarslip
Sclomo for morilorious sludonls, is impIomnlod by Dr. AmbodIar Ioundalion sol
up undor llo aogis of llo Minislry of SociaI }uslico and Impovormonl in 1992 vill
a viov lo rocognizo, promolo and assisl morilorious sludonls boIonging lo ScloduIod
Caslo and ScloduIod Tribo for onabIing llom lo pursuo liglor sludios. Tlis is ono
limo casl avard and viII bo givon lo llroo sludonls scoring liglosl marIs in llo
roguIar cIass X IovoI oxaminalion conduclod by llo Iducalion Board/CounciI. Tlis
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viII bo soparalo for SC and ST. In caso nono of llo firsl llroo oIigibIo sludonls aro
girIs, llo girI sludonls scoring llo liglosl marI viII gol a spociaI avard.
As and vlon asIod by llo Minislry of SociaI WoIfaro and }uslico, NIOS is
supposod lo sond llo namos of oIigibIo candidalos for llis sclomo. Undor llo
Sclomo of slronglloning of Boarding and HosloI IaciIilios for GirI Sludonls of
Socondary and Higlor Socondary SclooIs sonl porconl financiaI assislanco is
givon lo VoIunlary Organisalions lo improvo onroImonl of adoIosconl girIs
boIonging lo ruraI aroas and voaIor soclions.
- NCIRT oporalos
llo NalionaI TaIonl Soarcl Sclomo for pursuing coursos in scionco and sociaI scionco
uplo docloraI IovoI and in profossionaI coursos IiIo modicino and onginooring uplo
socond-dogroo IovoI subjocl lo fuIfiIImonl of llo condilions. Oul of 1000 scloIarslips,
150 scloIarslips aro rosorvod for SC sludonls and 75 scloIarslips for ST sludonls.
- - IducalionaI
dovoIopmonl of ScloduIod Caslos and ScloduIod Tribos is an aroa of major concorn
of NIIIA. Il las aIso boon gonoraling maloriaI roIaling lo oducalionaI inslilulions
and dovoIopmonl of ScloduIod Caslo and ScloduIod Tribo sludonls.
- Tlo Sclomo of Communily IoIyloclnics in soIoclod dipIoma
IovoI inslilulions sinco 197879 undorlaIos ruraI/communily dovoIopmonl aclivilios
llrougl appIicalion of scionco and loclnoIogy in ils proximily.
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN SCHOOLS
During llo 10ll Iivo Yoar IIan, QuaIily Improvomonl in SclooIs vas inlroducod as a
composilo conlraIIy sponsorod sclomo laving llo foIIoving compononls: (i) NalionaI
IopuIalion Iducalion Irojocl, (ii) InvironmonlaI Orionlalion lo SclooI Iducalion,
(iii) Improvomonl of Scionco Iducalion in SclooIs, and (iv) Inlroduclion of Yoga in SclooIs
and (v) InlornalionaI Scionco OIympiads. A docision vas laIon lo lransfor four of lloso
compononls lo NalionaI CounciI of IducalionaI Rosoarcl and Training (NCIRT) v.o.f. ApriI
2006, oxcopl llo compononl of improvomonl Scionco Iducalion in sclooI llal vas lransforrod
lo slalos.
NATIONAL POPULATION EDUCATION PROJECT
Tlo NalionaI IopuIalion Iducalion Irojocl vas Iaunclod in ApriI 1980 vill llo objoclivo
of inslilulionaIizing popuIalion oducalion in llo sclooI oducalion and loaclor oducalion
sysloms lo conlribulo lo llo allainmonl of popuIalion and dovoIopmonl goaIs of llo
counlry. Up lo 2002, llis vas impIomonlod as oxlornaIIy aidod Irojocl vlicl vas fuIIy
fundod by llo Unilod Nalions IopuIalion Iund (UNIIA). Moroovor, UNIIA docidod lo
supporl a concomilanl Irojocl focusod on adoIosconl roproduclivo and soxuaI loaIll
(ARSH) from 2004. During 200607, llo NIII vas impIomonlod as an inlograI parl of
AdoIosconco Iducalion Irogrammo, Iaunclod by Minislry of Human Rosoruco DovoIop-
monl in 2005 in coIIaboralion vill NalionaI AIDS ConlroI Organisalion (NACO).
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ENVIRONMENTAL ORIENTATION TO SCHOOL EDUCATION
ConlraIIy-sponsorod Sclomo Invironmonl Orionlalion lo SclooI Iducalion vas inilialod
in 198889. Tlo sclomo onvisagos assislanco lo voIunlary agoncios for conducl of oxpor-
imonlaI and innovalivo programmos aimod al promoling inlogralion of oducalionaI pro-
grammos in sclooIs vill IocaI onvironmonlaI condilions.
IMPROVEMENT OF SCIENCE EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS
ConlraIIy sponsorod Sclomo Improvomonl of Scionco Iducalion in SclooIs vas inilialod
during 198788. Undor llo sclomo financiaI assislanco vas boing providod lo Slalos/UTs
and voIunlary agoncios.
INTRODUCTION OF YOGA IN SCHOOLS
Inlroduclion of Yoga in SclooIs vas Iaunclod as a ConlraIIy Sponsorod Sclomo during
198990 lo provido financiaI assislanco lo Slalos/Union Torrilorios/Non-GovornmonlaI
Organisalions. Il aimod al giving conlraI assislanco for lraining and rosoarcl, onriclmonl
of Iibrary and conslruclion/oxpansion of losloIs for loaclor lrainoos. Il vas boing impIo-
monlod llrougl llo concornod Doparlmonls of Iducalion of Slalos/UTs. Il vas lransforrod
lo NCIRT v.o.f. ApriI 2007. NCIRT las inilialod lo roviov llo Sclomo in llo Iigll of
NalionaI CurricuIum IramovorI 2005.
INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE OLYMPIADS
Will an aim lo idonlify and nurluro laIonls in Mallomalics, Ilysics, Clomislry and BioIogy
al sclooI IovoI, InlornalionaI oIympads loId ovory yoar for rospoclivo subjocls and India
las boon parlicipaling in lloso OIympiads In 1989, 1998, 1999 and 2000, rospoclivoIy. Sinco
2002, Indian loam is aIso parliciapling in inlornalionaI OIympiad in informalics.
As por llo oxisling financiaI pallorn, llo losl counlry pay for llo boarding and Iodging
and lransporlalion of loams during lloir slay in llo noxl counlry, vliIo llo InlornalionaI
lravoI cosl is borno by llo parlicipaling counlrios.
NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA SAMITI
1986 onvisagod solling up of modoI sclooI, ono
in oacl dislricl of llo Counlry. AccordingIy, a sclomo vas formuIalod undor vlicl il
vas docidod lo sol-up co-oducalionaI fuIIy rosidonliaI sclooIs (nov caIIod }avalar
Navodaya VidyaIayas) providing oducalion up lo sonior socondary IovoI. Ifforls aro
mado lo onsuro llal al Ioasl 33 por conl of llo sludonls onroIIod aro girIs. Migralion
is a uniquo foaluro of Navodaya VidyaIaya sclomo vloroby 30 porconl of sludonls of
CIass IX from a VidyaIaya Iocalod in Hindi spoaIing aroa spond ono acadomic yoar
in a VidyaIaya Iocalod in Non-Hindi spoaIing aroa and vico- vorsa lo promolo nalionaI
inlogralion.
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KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
Tlo Govornmonl approvod llo sclomo of Kondriya VidyaIaya Sangallan in 1962, on llo
rocommondalions of llo Socond Iay Commission. IniliaIIy, 20 rogimonlaI sclooIs in dif-
foronl Slalos voro laIon ovor as ConlraI SclooIs. In 1965, an Aulonomous Body caIIod
Kondriya VidyaIaya Sangallan vas oslabIislod vill llo primary objoclivo of solling-up
and moniloring Kondriya VidyaIayas lo calor lo llo oducalionaI noods of llo cliIdron of
lransforabIo ConlraI Govornmonl ImpIoyoos incIuding Dofonco IorsonnoI and Iara-
MiIilary forcos by providing common programmo of oducalion. Tlroo Kondriya VidyaIayas
aro basod abroad, ono oacl in Kallmandu, Moscov and Tolran.
INTEGRATED EDUCATION FOR DISABLED CHILDREN
Tlo ConlraIIy sponsorod sclomo of Inlogralod Iducalion for DisabIod CliIdron (IIDC)
vas Iaunclod in 1974 by llo llon Doparlmonl of SociaI WoIfaro and vas Ialor lransforrod
lo llo Doparlmonl of Iducalion in 198283. Tlo Sclomo vas Iasl rovisod in 1992. Tlo
Sclomo providos oducalionaI opporlunilios for disabIod cliIdron in common sclooIs lo
faciIilalo lloir inlogralion and uIlimalo rolonlion in llo gonoraI sclooI syslom. Undor IIDC,
100 por conl assislanco is boing providod lo various compononls for oducalion of cliIdron
sufforing from miId lo modoralo disabiIilios in common sclooIs.
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING
Tlo NalionaI CounciI of IducalionaI Rosoarcl and Training (NCIRT) is an apox inslilulion
vlicl providos loclnicaI rosourco supporl for sclooI oducalion. Tlo NCIRT clarlor
onvisagos a spociaI pIaco for dosigning curricuIum. NCIRT is oxpoclod lo roviov sclooI
curricuIum as a roguIar aclivily onsuring llo liglor slandards in oducalion. Tlo NalionaI
IoIicy of Iducalion, (NII) 1986, and llo Irogrammo of Aclion (IoA), 1992 assign a spociaI
roIo lo NCIRT in proparing and promoling a NalionaI CurricuIum IramovorI.
Tlo NalionaI CurricuIum IramovorI (NCI) 2005 vas
llo oulcomo of vido ranging doIiboralions and coIIoclivo ondoavours. A NalionaI Slooring
Commilloo vas sol up undor llo clairporsonslip of Irof. Yasl IaI (scionlisl and scloIar).
Tlo commilloo comprisod 35 mombors incIuding scloIars from difforonl discipIinos, prin-
cipaIs and loaclors, roprosonlalivos of voII-Inovn NGOs and mombors of llo NCIRT.
Ils vorI vas supporlod by 21 NalionaI Iocus Groups, covoring major aroas of llo
curricuIum, nalionaI concorns and syslomic issuos.
PROMOTION OF LANGUAGES
In ordor lo assisl non-Hindi spoaIing Slalos/UTs lo offoclivoIy impIomonl
llo llroo-Ianguago formuIa, supporl for loacling of Hindi in lloso Slalos/UTs is
providod by sanclioning financiaI assislanco lo appoinl Hindi loaclors in sclooIs
undor a ConlraIIy-sponsorod sclomo. Assislanco is aIso givon lo VoIunlary
Organisalions for onabIing llom lo loId Hindi-loacling cIassos. Tlrougl llo Kondriya
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Hindi Sansllan, llo Govornmonl promolos dovoIopmonl of improvod mollodoIogy
for loacling Hindi lo non-Hindi spoaIing sludonls.
- Tlo NalionaI CounciI for Iromolion of Urdu Ianguago
(NCIUI) las boon funclioning sinco ApriI 1996 as an aulonomous body for llo
promolion of Urdu Ianguago and aIso Arabic and Iorsian Ianguagos. Ono of llo
oulslanding aroas of oporalion of NCIUI las boon lransfor of informalion of Urdu
spoaIing popuIalion inlo produclivo luman rosourco and maIing llom parl of llo
ompIoyabIo loclnoIogicaI vorIforco in llo omorging informalion loclnoIogicaI
sconario and ponolralion of compulor oducalion lo llo grass-rool IovoI in minorily
conconlralion bIocIs. Tlo Govornmonl las aIso sol-up NalionaI CounciI for Iromolion
of Sindli.
- - Tlo ConlraI Inslilulo of IngIisl and Ioroign
Ianguagos (CIIII), Hydorabad, an Inslilulion of Higlor Ioarning doomod lo bo a
Univorsily, is an aulonomous organisalion vlicl undorlaIos loaclor oducalion
programmo lo improvo llo profossionaI compolonco of loaclors of IngIisl al llo
socondary Ianguago vill llo rogionaI conlros al SliIIong and IucInov. Tlo CIIII
aIso impIomonls lvo Govornmonl of India sclomos of IngIisl Ianguago Toacling
Inslilulo (IITI) and Dislricl Conlros for IngIisl lo bring aboul subslanliaI
improvomonls in llo slandard of loacling/Ioarning of IngIisl in llo counlry for
vlicl granls aro givon by CIIII lo various Slalo Govornmonls.
STRENGTHENING OF CULTURE AND VALUES IN EDUCATION
ConlraI Soclor Sclomo of Assislanco for Slronglloning of CuIluro and VaIuos in Iducalion
is boing impIomonlod. In vlicl financiaI assislanco is givon lo GovornmonlaI and non-
GovornmonlaI organisalions, Ianclayali Raj Inslilulions, olc., lo llo oxlonl of 100 por conl
of granl for llo projocl proposaIs approvod subjocl lo a coiIing of rupoos lon IaIl for
slronglloning cuIluraI and vaIuo oducalion from pro-primary oducalion syslom lo liglor
oducalion incIuding loclnicaI and managomonl oducalion.
SANSKRIT DIVISION
Tlo Govornmonl of India givos 100 por conl financiaI assislanco llrougl Slalo Govornmonls
for: (a) Iminonl SansIril scloIars in Indigonl Circumslancos, (b) Modornisalion of SansIril
IallslaIas, (c) Iroviding faciIilios for loacling SansIril in Higl/Higlor Socondary SclooIs,
(d) ScloIarslips lo sludonls sludying SansIril in Higl and Higlor Socondary sclooIs, (o)
Various sclomos for llo promolion of SansIril, and (f) improving llo mollodoIogy of
loacling SansIril in sclooIs, SansIril CoIIogos/Vidyapoolls. IrosonlIy llo Sclomo is undor
rovision. IrosidonliaI Avard of llo Corlificalo of Honour is conforrod on ominonl scloIars
of SansIril, IaIi, Arabic, and Iorsian in rocognilion of lloir Iifolimo oulslanding conlri-
bulion lovards llo propagalion of lloso Ianguagos, ovory yoar on Indopondonco Day.
Malarsli Badrayan Vyas Samman las aIso boon inlroducod for young scloIars in llo ago
group of 3040 yoars vlo lavo mado a broaI llrougl in inlor discipIinary sludios invoIving
INDIA 2011
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conlribulion of SansIril or ancionl Indian visdom, lo llo procoss of synorgy bolvoon
modornily and lradilion.
- - - is an aulonomous organisalion oslabIislod
by llo Govornmonl of India in llo yoar 1970. Il is llo nodaI agoncy for llo propagalion,
promolion and dovoIopmonl of SansIril Iducalion in llo counlry. Il is fuIIy fundod
by llo Govornmonl of India in llo Minislry of Human Rosourco DovoIopmonl,
Doparlmonl of Socondary and Higlor Iducalion. Rasllriya SansIril Sansllan las
boon granlod llo slalus of a Doomod lo bo Univorsily. Rasllriya SansIril Vidyapoolla,
Tirupali, providos coursos of sludy from Iraslasli (Inlormodialo) lo Vidya Vardli
(Il.D.), Tlo Vidyapoolla las upgradod llo Doparlmonl of Iodagogy lo an Inslilulo
of Advancod Sludios in Iducalion (IASI).
- - - , providos
coursos of sludy from Slaslri lo Vidya Vaclaspali (D.Iil.). Irom 199798 llo
Vidyapoolla slarlod dipIoma in vodic and rofroslor coursos, lvo dogroos, namoIy,
Vidya Vardli (Il.D.) and Manad Upaadli (Honorary D.Iil.) aro aIso givon
by Vidyapoolla.
SCHOLARSHIPS
Tlo Minislry of Human Rosourco DovoIopmonl oporalos a ConlraIIy Sponsorod IIan
Sclomo viz., NalionaI Moril ScloIarslip Sclomo llrougl Slalos/UTs, undor vlicl 100 por
conl financiaI assislanco is providod lo morilorious sludonls from ruraI aroas sludying in
cIassos IX and X. Bosidos, scloIarslip is aIso providod lo aII llo morilorious sludonls on
slalo-viso moril, incIuding sludonls from ruraI aroas, sludying from llo posl-molric lo
llo posl-gradualo IovoI.
EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN NORTH EASTERN REGION
Tlo NI Rogion comprising oigll Slalos las a ligl Iiloracy IovoI and is ricl in ollnic cuIluraI
lorilago vill Iinguislic divorsily. Tlo NI Slalos lavo boon providod granls undor llo Non
IapsabIo ConlraI IooI of Rosourcos (NICIR) lo improvo lloir infraslrucluro faciIilios. Tlo
Impovorod Commilloo adminisloring NICIR las, sinco ils incoplion in 199899.
UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION
Tlo Univorsily Granls Commission (UGC) vlicl camo inlo oxislonco on 28 Docombor, 1953,
bocamo a slalulory organisalion by an Acl of IarIiamonl in 1956. Il is a nalionaI body for
llo coordinalion, dolorminalion and mainlonanco of slandards of univorsily oducalion.
Soclion 12 of llo UGC Acl providos llal llo Commission slaII, in consuIlalion vill llo
univorsilios concornod, laIo aII sucl slops as il may llinI fil for llo promolion and coor-
dinalion of univorsily oducalion and for llo mainlonanco of slandards in loacling, oxam-
inalion and rosoarcl. Ior llo purposo of porforming ils funclions, llo Commission may
aIIocalo and disburso, oul of llo Iund of llo Commission, granls lo univorsilios and coIIogos
INDIA 2011
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for lloir mainlonanco and dovoIopmonl, adviso llo Union Govornmonl, Slalo Govornmonls
and Inslilulions of liglor Ioarning on llo moasuros nocossary for llo promolion of univorsily
oducalion and maIo RuIos and RoguIalions consislonl vill llo Acl, olc. Tlo Commission
consisls of llo Clairman, Vico-Clairman and 10 ollor mombors appoinlod by llo Govorn-
monl of India. Tlo oxoculivo load is Socrolary. Tlo Univorsily Granls Commission las ils
RogionaI Officos al Hydorabad, Iuno, BlopaI, KoIIala, Guvalali andBangaIoro. Tlo Norllorn
RogionaI Offico vlicl vas oarIior Iocalod al Glaziabad las nov boon funclioning from llo
UGC Hoad Quarlors as Norllorn RogionaI CoIIogos Buroau (NRCB).
AUTONOMOUS RESEARCH ORGANISATIONS
- - sol-up in 1972,
roviovs llo progross of lisloricaI rosoarcl and oncouragos scionlific vriling of lislory.
T - - funclioning from 1977 vill
officos in Nov DoIli and IucInov, roviovs llo progross, sponsors or assisls projocls
and programmos of rosoarcl in pliIosoply.
- sol up in 1965 is a rosidonliaI
conlro for advancod rosoarcl in lumanilios, sociaI scioncos and naluraI scioncos.
- is an aulonomous
body for promoling and coordinaling sociaI scionco rosoarcl.
- (NCRI) vas sol up in 1995 as a aulonomous
organisalion fuIIy fundod by llo ConlraI Govornmonl lo promolo ruraI liglor
oducalion on llo Iinos of Malalma Gandlis rovoIulionary and voIunlary agoncios
in accordanco vill Gandlian IliIosoply of oducalion.
INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY
Tlo Indira Gandli NalionaI Opon Univorsily (IGNOU) oslabIislod in Soplombor 1985 is
rosponsibIo for llo promolion of Opon Univorsily and dislanco oducalion syslom in llo
oducalionaI pallorn of llo counlry and for coordinalion and dolorminalion of slandards
in sucl sysloms. Tlo IGNOU inlroducod ils programmos in 1987. On 26 }anuary, 2001,
IGNOU Iaunclod an oducalion clannoI Gyandarslan vlicl is nov a 24-lour clannoI and
las capacily for six simuIlanoous loIocasls. In Novombor 2001, IGNOU Iaunclod IM Radio
NolvorI for providing addilionaI sludonl supporl. Tlo Iauncl of an oxcIusivo oducalionaI
saloIIilo Idusal is an lisloric opporlunily. In llo yoar 2005, llo univorsily oslabIislod 100
Idusal supporlod SaloIIilo Inloraclivo TorminaIs (SITs) in ils rogionaI/sludy conlros aII ovor
llo counlry. Dislanco Iducalion CounciI, oslabIislod by llo Univorsily as a slalulory
aullorily, is an apox body.
MINORITY EDUCATION
In pursuanco of llo rovisod Irogrammo of Aclion (IOA) 1992, lvo nov ConlraIIy-
sponsorod sclomos, (i) Sclomo of Aroa Inlonsivo Irogrammo for IducalionaIIy
INDIA 2011
124
BacIvard Monorilios, and (ii) Sclomo of IinanciaI Assislanco for Modornisalion of
Madarsa Iducalion voro Iaunclod during 199394. In llo Tonll IIan llo aforosaid
lvo sclomos lavo boon morgod lo form llo Aroa Inlonsivo and Madarsa Modornisalion
Irogrammo.
Tlo NalionaI Commission for Minorily IducalionaI Inslilulions 2004 las boon sol-
up by an Acl of IarIiamonl undor vlicl minorily oducalion inslilulions can sooI
affiIialion lo ScloduIodUnivorsilios. Univorsily of DoIli, Norll Iaslorn HiII Univorsily,
Iondiclorry Univorsily, Assam Univorsily, NagaIand Univorsily and Mizoram
Univorsily aro al prosonl in llo ScloduIo.
INDIAN NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR CO-OPERATION
WITH UNESCO (INCCU)
India las boon a mombor of llo Unilod Nalions IducalionaI, Scionlific and CuIluraI
Organisalion (UNISCO) sinco 1946. Tlo Govornmonl sol up an inlorim Indian NalionaI
Commission for Cooporalion vill UNISCO (INCCU) in 1949, vlicl vas Ialor pul
on a pormanonl fooling in 1951. Tlo Commission consisls of fivo Sub-Commissions
namoIy, Iducalion, NaluraI Scionco, SociaI Scioncos, CuIluro and Communicalion. Tlo
Minislor for Human Rosourco DovoIopmonl is llo Irosidonl of llo Commission and
llo Socrolary of llo Govornmonl of India in llo Doparlmonl of Socondary and Higlor
Iducalion is ils Socrolary GonoraI. Tlo momborslip of llo Commission is of lvo
calogorios: (i) IndividuaI and (ii) inslilulionaI mombors dislribulod among ils fivo
Sub-Commissions.
Tlo NalionaI Commission acls as an advisory, coordinaling and Iiaison agoncy al llo
nalionaI IovoI in rospocl of aII mallors villin llo compolonco of UNISCO.
- Tlo NalionaI BooI Trusl, India an aulonomous organisalion
undor llo Minislry of Human Rosourco DovoIopmonl, vas oslabIislod in 1957. Ivory
aIlornalo yoar, NBT organisos llo WorId BooI Iair in Nov DoIli, vlicl is llo Iargosl booI
fair in Asia and Africa. Tlo Trusl aIso obsorvos 1420 Novombor ovory yoar as NalionaI
BooI WooI.
RASHTRIYA MADHYAMIK SHIKSHA ABHIYAN
Marcl, 2009, llis Sclomo vill llo objoclivo lo onlanco accoss lo socondary
oducalion and improvo ils quaIily, onvisagos lo acliovo an onroImonl ralo of 75 porconl
from 52.26 por conl in 200506 in socondary slago villin fivo yoars by providing a
socondary sclooI villin a roasonabIo dislanco of any labilalion, providing univorsaI accoss
lo socondary IovoI oducalion by 2017 and aclioving univorsaI rolonlion by 2020.
Tlo Informalion and Communicalion ToclnoIogy SclooI Sclomo vas Iaunclod in
Docombor 2004 lo provido opporlunilios lo socondary slago sludonls lo mainIy buiId lloir
capacily of ICT sIiIIs and maIo llom Ioarn llrougl compulor aidod Ioarning procoss. Basod
on oxporionco gainod, so far, llo Sclomo las boon rovisod vill llo approvaI of CCIA on
9 }anuary, 2010 during llo 11ll IIan.
INDIA 2011
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Tlo oIomonls of llo rovisod proposaI aro lo incroaso oulroacl lo aII govornmonl and
govornmonl aidod socondary and liglor socondary sclooIs, slrongllon loaclor, provision
of broadband connoclivily and o-conlonl dovoIopmonl.
Tlo Sclomo of IncIusivo Iducalion for DisabIod al Socondary Slalo (IIDSS) las boon
Iaunclod from llo yoar 200910. Tlis Sclomo ropIacos llo oarIior sclomo of Inlogralod
Iducalion for DisabIod CliIdron (IIDC) and vouId provido assislanco for llo incIusivo
oducalion of llo disabIod cliIdron in cIassos IXXII.
COPYRIGHT
Adminisloring , in llo aroa of InloIIocluaI Iroporly Riglls (IIRs),
is llo rosponsibiIily of llo Union Minislry of Human Rosourco DovoIopmonl, Doparlmonl
of Socondary and Higlor Iducalion. Tlo Copyrigll Offico vas oslabIislod in }anuary, 1958
lo rogislor copyrigll of vorIs undor difforonl calogorios. As por Soclion 33 of llo
Copyrigll Acl, llo ConlraI Govornmonl aIso rogislors copyrigll sociolios for doing copy-
rigll businoss. Tlo Indian Copyrigll Acl, 1957 vas comprolonsivoIy amondod in 1994
laIing inlo accounl llo loclnoIogicaI dovoIopmonls. Tlo amondod Acl vas brougll inlo
forco on 10 May, 1995. Tlo Acl as furllor amondod in 1999, camo inlo forco on 15 }anuary,
2000. Undor llo provisions of Soclion 11 of llo Copyrigll Acl, 1957, llo Govornmonl of
India las conslilulod a Board lo bo caIIod llo Copyrigll Board. Tlo Copyrigll Board is
a quasi- judiciaI body consisling of a Clairman and nol Ioss llan lvo or moro llan fourloon
ollor mombors. Tlo Clairman and ollor mombors of llo Board aro appoinlod for a lorm
of fivo yoars.
Tlo Indian Copyrigll Acl, 1957, providos
ponaIlios for llo offoncos commillod undor llo Copyrigll Acl and ompovors llo
poIico lo laIo nocossary aclion. Tlo acluaI onforcomonl of llo Iav is llo concorn
of llo Slalo Govornmonls. Tloso moasuros incIudo llo solling up of a Copyrigll
Inforcomonl Advisory CounciI (CIAC), vlicl las as ils mombors from aII
concornod doparlmonls and roprosonlalivos of induslry lo roguIarIy roviov llo
impIomonlalion of llo Copyrigll Acl incIuding llo provisions rogarding anli-
piracy.
India is a mombor of llo WorId InloIIocluaI Iroporly
Organisalion (WIIO), a spociaIisod agoncy of llo Unilod Nalions vlicl doaIs vill
copyrigll and ollor inloIIocluaI proporly riglls. As por roconl amondmonls in llo
Govornmonl of India (AIIocalion of Businoss) RuIos, 1961 llo vorI roIaling lo
coordinalion vill WIIO las boon lransforrod lo Minislry of commorco and Induslry,
Doparlmonl of InduslriaI IoIicy and Iromolion.
- Iducalion is ono of llo lvoIvo
sorvicos, vlicl aro lo bo nogolialod undor llo GonoraI Agroomonl on Trado in
Sorvicos (GATS). Iducalion las boon dividod inlo fivo calogorios for llo purposos
of Nogolialions: Higlor Iducalion, Socondary Iducalion, Irimary Iducalion, AduIl
Iducalion and Ollor Iducalion.
INDIA 2011
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Education: AChronology Chart
SansIril CoIIogo al Banaras
Iorl WiIIam CoIIogo al KoIIala
}anuary 20Raja Rammolan Roy oslabIislod llo Hindu CoIIogo, in KoIIala
(ronamod Irosidoncy CoIIogo in 1855)
Ioona SansIril CoIIogo
SanIril CoIIogo al KoIIala
Govornor of Madras oslabIislod lvo sclooIs in oacl coIIocloralo and ono
sclooI in oacl TalsiI.
BasoI Mission al MangaIoro.
Iobruray 2MacauIays minulo, in vlicl lo anlicipaloda cIass of porsons,
Indian in bIood and coIur, bul IngIisl in laslo, in opinions, In moraIs and
in inloIIocl.
CaIculla ModicaI CoIIogo, llo firsl ModicaI CoIIogo in India (aIso in Asia).
Iord larding oslabIislod 101 vornacuIar sclooIs in BongaI.
RoorIoo Inginooring CoIIogo, llo firsl Inginooring coIIogo in India.
Woods Dospalclsurvoy and suggoslions for roforms, croalion of
Doparlmonl of IubIic Inslruclion in oacl provinco.
Hunlor Commission on oducalion (rosponsibiIily of mass oducalion sliflod
from Govornmonl lo IocaI boards/privalo soclor, granl in aid syslom)
Iunjab Univorsily
Iivo Univorsilios, 191 affiIialod coIIogos, 23,000 sludonls, 5498 socondary
sclooIs vill 5.6 IaIl sludonls 98,538 primary sclooIs vill 33 IaIl sludonls,
spociaI induslriaI/loclnicaI/arl/lraining sclooIs.
RadlaIrislan Commission for univorsily oducalionsuggoslod 10+2
slrucluro, llroo Ianguagos, scloIarslips and rosoarcl.
Iroo and compuIsory oducalion onslrinod as ono of llo Diroclivo IrincipIos
of Slalo IoIicy in llo Conslilulion of llo Indian RopubIic.
Iirsl Indian Inslilulo of ToclnoIogy (IIT) oslabIislod al Klaragpur.
MudaIiar Commissionon socondary oducalion.
Univorsily Granls Commission (UGC) oslabIislod by Acl of IarIiamonl.
Dr. Sampuranan and Commilloo on ImolionaI Inlorgarlion.
Kollari Commission on oducalion al aII slagos.
Iducalion clangod from Slalo Iisl lo Concurronl Iisl in llo Conslilulion.
INDIA 2011
127
Nov NalionaI IoIicy of Iducalion.
AII India CounciI of ToclnicaI Iducalion (AICTI) vill slalulory slalus,
NalionaI Iiloracy Mission Iaunclod.
NalionaI CouncII of Toaclor Iducalion (NCTI).
Conslilulio amondod lo maIo froo and compuIson oducalion, a IundamonlaI
Rigll.
IDUSAT, a saloIIilo dodicalod lo oducalion Iaunclod.
Docision lo sol up oigll nov IITs.
GENERALKNOWLEDGEMANUAL
Designed for IAS
State Civil Services, Bank PO, SSC
NDA & CDS Examinations
UPSCPORTALS
INDIA 2011
128
-
NalionaI Iovor Training Inslilulo Iaridabad Il is rogislorod socioly vill ISO 9001:2000 and
(NITI) ISO 14001 corlificaliony.
ConlraI Iovor Rosoarcl Inslilulo (CIRI) Il is a socioly vlicl funclions as nalionaI losling
and corlificalion aullorily for onsuring lloir roIi-
abiIily. Il las boon givon obsorvor slalus in llo
group of Slorl Circuil Tosling Iiason of Iuropo.
AppoIIalo TribunaI for IIoclricily DoIli Slalulory body sol up by llo Govl. of India
7 ApriI , 2004 undor Soclion 110 of IIoclricily Acl, 2003.
SoIar Inorgy Conlro 1982 Il is an inlograI parl of Minislry of Non Convon-
lionaI Inorgy Sourcos for DovoIopmonl and pro-
molion of soIar onorgy loclnoIogios.
Conlro foir Wind Inorgy ToclnoIogy Clonnai Il maIos domoslicaIIy ovnod vind induslry
(C-WIT) inlornalionaIIy compolilivo. Ils vind lurbino losl
faciIily is al Kayallar in TloolluIudi (Tulico-
rin, TN.
Indian RonovabIo Inorgy Il is a pubIic soclor NBIC vlicl financos grid
DovoIopmonl Agoncy (IRIDA) inloraclivo ronovabIo povor projocls. Il is ISO
9001:2001 corlifiod.
CIVIL LIABILITY FOR NUCLEAR DAMAGE BILL, 2010
Tlo CiviI IiabiIilyfor NucIoar Damago BiII, 2010 sooIs lo croalo a moclanism for componsaling
viclims of nucIoar damago arising from a nucIoar incidonl. Tlo Slanding Commilloo labIod
ils roporl in IarIiamonl on Augusl 19, 2010, foIIoving vlicl llo govornmonl circuIalod
a Iisl of amondmonls lo llo BiII.
Energy
11
INDIA 2011
129
Highlights of the Bill
Tlo CiviI IiabiIily for NucIoar Damago BiII, 2010 fixos IiabiIily for nucIoar damago
and spocifios procoduros for componsaling viclims.
Tlo BiII fixos no-fauIl IiabiIily on oporalors and givos llom a rigll of rocourso againsl
corlain porsons. Il caps llo IiabiIily of llo oporalor al ` 500 croro. Ior damago oxcooding
llis amounl, and up lo 300 miIIion SDR, llo conlraI govornmonl viII bo IiabIo.
AII oporalors (oxcopl llo conlraI govornmonl) nood lo laIo Insuranco or provido
financiaI socurily lo covor lloir IiabiIily.
Ior faciIilios ovnod by llo govornmonl, llo onliro IiabiIily up lo 300 miIIion SDR
viII bo borno by llo govornmonl.
Tlo BiII spocifios vlo can cIaim componsalion and llo aullorilios vlo viII assoss
and avard componsalion for nucloar damago.
Tloso nol compIying vill llo provisions of llo BiII can bo ponaIisod.
Iovor dovoIopmonl in India commoncod al vill llo commissioning of oIoclricily
suppIy in DarjooIing during 1897, foIIovod by a lydropovor slalion al Sivasamudram
in KarnalaIa, 1902.
Tlo Minislry of Iovor is primariIy rosponsibIo for llo dovoIopmonl of oIoclricaI
onorgy in llo counlry assislod by llo ConlraI IIoclricily Aullorily (CIA).
Tlo largol of povor gonoralion for 200910 las boon fixod al 789.51 BUs. Tlo pIanl
Ioad faclor (III) las improvod from 52.8 in 199091 lo 77.19 in 200809.
Undor llo 50,000 MW inilialivo Iaunclod by
llo Govornmonl in 200304, for llo purposo of proparalion of IroIiminary IoasibiIily
Roporls (IIRs) voro laIon up by CIA. Tlo IIRs voro compIolod in Soplombor
2004.
A nalionaI povor grid in llo counlry is boing dovoIopod in plasod mannor. By nov,
aII llo rogionaI grids lavo aIroady boon inlor-connoclod. Al prosonl, oxcopl Soullorn
Rogion, aII llo ollor four rogions aro inlor-connoclod in synclronous modo and aro
oporaling in paraIIoI.
In 1992, llo Iaslorn Rogion and llo Norll-Iaslorn Rogion voro connoclod by a
220 IV doubIo circuil lransmission Iino, and aro oporaling in synclronism sinco llon.
During 10ll IIan (20072012), major acliovomonls voro addilion of TaIclor-KoIar
HVDC BipoIo, socond moduIo of HVDC bacI-lo-bacI syslom bolvoon SR and IR al
GazuvaIa, HVDC bacI-lo-bacI syslom bolvoon NR and IR al Sasaram, synclronous
inlor-connoclion of NIR/IR grid vill WR grid by RourIoIa-Raipur 400 IV D/C Iino,
synclronous inlor-connoclion of NIR/IR/WR grid vill NR grid 400 IV D/C (quad)
Iino and Agra-MaIanpur 765IV lransmission Iino (oporalod al 400 IV).
During 11ll IIan (20122017), inlor-rogionaI lransmission sysloms of 24600 MW
capacily lavo boon pIannod and il is oxpoclod llal, by llo ond of 11ll IIan, lolaI inlor-
rogionaI lransmission capacily of llo NalionaI povor grid vouId bo incroasod lo
38650 MW.
INDIA 2011
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During 12ll IIan (11217), inlor-rogionaI lransmission sysloms of aboul 37000 MW
capacily aro boing pIannod.
, a slalulory organisalion formod undor Soclion
3(1) of llo IIoclricily SuppIy Acl, 1948 vlicl las boon suporsodod by Soclion 70(1)
of IIoclricily Acl, 2003. Il acls as advisory body lo llo ConlraI Govornmonl. Slalo
Govornmonl and RoguIalory Commissions on aII loclnicaI mallors roIaling lo
gonoralion, lransmission and dislribulion of oIoclricily.
Tlo IIoclricily Acl, 2003 las boon onaclod llo 10ll }uno 2003 vlicl ropoaIod llo
Indian IIoclricily Acl, 1910, llo IIoclricily (SuppIy) Acl, 1948 and llo IIoclricily
RoguIalory Commissions Acl, 1998. Soclion 177 of llo IIoclricily Acl, 2003 roquiros
llal llo ConlraI IIoclricily Aullorily lo maIo roguIalions consislonl vill llo Acl and
ruIos lo carry oul provisions of llis Acl.
Tlo ConlraI Govornmonl. las oslabIislod AppoIIalo TribunaI for IIoclricily undor
Soclion 110 of llo IIoclricily Acl, 2003 on 7ll ApriI, 2004, loadquarlors al DoIli, vlicl
viII loar appoaIs againsl ordors of llo RoguIalory Commissions/Adjudicaling Officors.
TloApponaio TribunaI vin noar appoaIs againsl ordors of llo RoguIalory Commissions/
Adjudicaling Officors. Tlo NalionaI IIoclricily IoIicy las boon nolifiod by llo
Govornmonl undor llo Acl. Compolilivo bidding guidoIinos lavo boon issuod by llo
Govornmonl. Tlo Tariff IoIicy las boon nolifiod.
As por llo provision of llo IIoclricily Acl, 2003, ovory dislribulion Iiconsoo slaII lavo
lo oslabIisl a forum for rodrossaI of griovancos of llo Consumors in accordanco vill
llo guidoIinos as spocifiod by llo Slalo IIoclricily RoguIalory Commission.
Will llo onaclmonl of IIoclricily Acl, 2003, a vloIo nov syslom vas ovoIvod vloro
privalo pIayors voro invilod lo bo an aclivo parlicipanl in llo povor soclor.
In ordor lo acliovo lloso objoclivos, llo Govornmonl las issuod NalionaI IIoclricily
IoIicy and Tariff IoIicy.
Tlo Govornmonl las aIsosol upSpociaI Iurposo VolicIoundor Iovor Iinanco Corporalion
(IIC) for coIIoclivo procuromonl of povor on bolaIf of llo dislribulion uliIilios by
inviling lariff basod bids for suppIying povor from uIlra moga povor projocls.
Tlo privalo soclor conlribulod 2,670 MW lo gonoralion capacily during poriod 200207.
Sinco llon capacily of 6,055 MW las boon commissionod and anollor aboul 16266
MW capacily is undor conslruclion and IiIoIy lo bo commissionod by 2012.
Moga Iovor IoIicy vas inlroducod in Novombor 1995 for providing impolus lo
dovoIopmonl of Iargo sizo (moga) povor projocls in llo counlry and dorivo bonofil
from oconomios of scaIo.
Tloso guidoIinos voro modifiod in 1998 and 2002 and voro Iasl amondod in ApriI 2006
lo oncourago povor dovoIopmonl in }ammu & Kaslmir and llo Norll-Iaslorn. Minislry
of Iovor rovisilod sourco of provisions of llo prosonl Moga Iovor IoIicy in Doc., 2009.
Tlo Slalos of Andlra Iradosl, KarnalaIa, Madlya Iradosl, Ullar Iradosl, Wosl
BongaI, Malarasllra, KoraIa, Gujaral, Bilar, and Iunjab lavo passod
INDIA 2011
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- and as por llo provisions of Soclion 153 of llo IIoclricily Acl, 2003. SpociaI
courls doaIing vill Iovor llofl lavo boon sol up in llo Slalos of Assam, Andlra
Iradosl, Cllallisgarl, Gujaral, Haryana, HimaclaI Iradosl, }ammu and Kaslmir,
KarnalaIa, Madlya Iradosl, Malarasllra, MoglaIaya, Manipur, NagaIand, Odisla,
Iubjab, Rajasllan, SiIIim, TamiI Nadu, Tripura, Ullar Iradosl, UllarIland, Wosl
BongaI & DoIli.
- - -- Iorum lavo boon oslabIislod in 22 Slalos by llo
Dislribulion Companios as por Soclion 42(5) of lloAcl. Ivory Slalo IIoclricily RoguIalory
Commission slaII appoinl or dosignalo an Ombudsman as por Soclion 42(6) of llo
Acl. Any consumor vlo is aggriovod by llo non-rodrossaI of lis griovancos may maIo
a roprosonlalion for llo rodrossaI of lis griovancos lo llo Ombudsman.
ConlraI Govl. lad givon supporl in llo 10ll pIan in llo form of
las lvo
invoslmonl compononl lo supporl capilaI invoslmonl and an inconlivo compononl for
acluaI casl Ioss roduclion.
In llo 11ll IIan, llo sclomo las boon roslruclurod. Tlo largol undor Roslruclurod
AIDRI (R-AIDRRI) is lo acliovo 15 on suslainod basis in llo projocl aroas.
- Tlo Indian Govornmonl
announcod a poIicy in 1991 vlicl aIIovod privalo soclor parlicipalion in povor
gonoralion sclomos. Il vas docidod in Iobruary, 1995 llal no privalo povor projocl
proposaI vouId bo considorod by llo ConlraI IIoclricily Aullorily (CIA), if llo
projocl vas nol avardod llrougl llo inlornalionaI compolilivo bidding (ICB) roulo
aflor a cul-off dalo of 18ll Iobruary, 1995.
As por oxomplion from lariff basod bidding up lo }anuary,
2011, is aIso oxlondod lo privalo soclor lydrooIoclric projocls, vlicl oblain CIAs
concurronco, sign IIAs vill dislribulion Iiconsoos and acliovo financiaI cIosuro boforo
}anuary, 2011. In ordor lo onabIo llo projocl dovoIopor lo rocovor llo cosls incurrod
by lim lo vouId bo aIIovod lo gol saIos of up lo a maximum of 40 of llo saIoabIo
onorgy. Tlis inconlivo vouId bo roducod in slops for doIay in commissioning. Tlo
projocl aullorilios slouId boar llo Slalo Govornmonl slaro of 10 of llo RGGVY
villin llis surfaco dislanco of llo Iovor Houso/Dam.
Tlo is a ScloduIo A Inlorpriso
of llo Govornmonl. of India, IslabIislod in 1975, vill ISO-9001 and ISO-14001
corlificalion. Tlo NHIC las signod a Momorandum of Undorslanding vill llo
UllaranclaI Govormonl for llo impIomonlalion of a 240 MW Clungar ClaI, 630 MW
Garba Tavaglal and 55 MW KarmoIi Iumli TuIIi Irojocls in UllaranclaI. Iovor
Iurclaso agroomonls lavo boon signod for Kislanganga, Nimmo Bazgo, ClulaI, Uri-
II, DuI Hasli, Clamora-III and Toosla Iov Dam Irojocl Slago-IV vill llo concornod
bonoficiarios. Tlo NHIC las signod agroomonls vill llo Govornmonl of SiIIim for
llo oxoculion of llo 495 MW Toosla Slago-IV and 210 MW Iaclon HydrooIoclric
Irojocls in SiIIim on BOOM basis.
INDIA 2011
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-

1. DuIlasli }ammu & Kaslmir 390
2. Sova-II }ammu & Kaslmir 120
3. DlauIiganga -I UllaranclaI 280
4. Toosla -V SiIIim 510
5. Clamora-II HimaclaI Iradosl 300
6. Bav-II Malarasllra 37
7. Toosla Iov dam slago-IV Wosl BongaI 168
8. Toosla Iov dam slago-III Wosl BongaI 132
9. IuruIiapss Wosl BongaI 900
10. OmIaroslvar (NHDC) Madlya Iradosl 520
11. Indira Sagar (NHDC) Madlya Iradosl 1000

-
1. Iarbali - II HimaclaI Iradosl 800
2. Iarbali - III HimaclaI Iradosl 520
3. Clamora - III HimaclaI Iradosl 231
4. Siang MiddIo Silo ArunclaI Iradosl 1000
5. Subansiri Uppor Silo ArunclaI Iradosl 2000
6. Subansiri middIo ArunclaI Iradosl 1600
7. Subansiri Iovor ArunclaI Iradosl 2000
8. Dibang ArunclaI Iradosl 3000
9. IaIaI DuI }ammu & Kaslmir 1000
10. Bursur }ammu & Kaslmir 1020
11. Uri - III }ammu & Kaslmir 240
12. Nimmo - BAZGO }ammu & Kaslmir 45
13. ClulaI }ammu & Kaslmir 44
14. Kislanganga }ammu & Kaslmir 330
15. IoIlaI D/s Manipur 90
16. Bav - I Malarasllra 13
17. IaIloar Vyasi UllaranclaI 420
18. KolIi BloI UllaranclaI 850

INDIA 2011
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-
1. Siang Iovor Silo ArunclaI Iradosl 1700
2. Siang Uppor Silo ArunclaI Iradosl 1000

(formorIy NalionaI TlormaI Iovor Corporalion Ild.) vas incorporalod
in Novombor 1975 vill llo objoclivo lo pIan, promolo and organizo an inlogralod
dovoIopmonl of llormaI povor in llo counlry. NTIC Iimilod a scloduIo A Navralna
Company is llo singIo Iargosl povor gonoralor in India.
NTPC: PROJECT PROFILE
- -
-
1. SingrauIi Ullar Iradosl 2,000
2. Korba Clallisgarl 2,100
3. Ramagundam Andlra Iradosl 2,600
4. IaraIIa Wosl BongaI 1,600
5. VindlyaclaI Madlya Iradosl 3,260
6. Riland Ullar Iradosl 2,000
KalaIgaon Bilar 2,340
8. Dadri Ullar Iradosl 840
9. TaIclor Kanila Odisla 3,000
10. Iorozo Gandli, Unclalar Ullar Iradosl 1,050
11. TaIclor TlormaI Odisla 460
12. Simladri Andlra Iradosl 1,000
13. Tanda Ullar Iradosl 440
14. Badarpur DoIli 705
15. NCTII, Dadri Ullar Iradosl 1,820
16. Sipal - II Cllallisgarl 1,000

- - -
1. Anla Rajasllan 413
2. Auraiya Ullar Iradosl 652
3. Kavas Gujaral 645
4. Dadri Ullar Iradosl 817
INDIA 2011
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5. }lanor-Gandlar Gujaral 648
6. KayamIuIam KoraIa 350
7. Iaridabad Haryana 430
-
Tlrougl }oinl Vonluro 2,864
Grand TolaI (CoaI + Gas + }V) 32,149
-
- -
- . vas formod on 8ll }uIy, 05 as a joinl vonluro
bolvoon NTIC, GAII, MSIB loIding company and Indian IinanciaI Inslilulions. Tlo
NTIC is impIomonling ils firsl lydro projocl, llo 800MW KoIdam HydrooIoclric
Iovor Irojocl (HIII) in HimaclaI Iradosl. Iurllor, NTIC las signod llo
ImpIomonlalionAgroomonls for oxoculion of Iolarinag IaIa HIII(600 MW), Tapovan-
Vislnugad HIII (520 MW) and Rupsiabagar Klasiyabara HIII(260 MW. Moroovor,
NTICs subsidiary NTIC Hydro Ild. (NHI) las signod llo ImpIomonlalion
Agroomonls for oxoculion of Iala-Tapovan (171MW) HIII and Rammam-III (120
MW) HIII.
During llo yoar, a consorlium comprising NTIC Ild., Canoro Rosourcos Ild and Goo
IolroI InlornalionaI las boon aIIollod an oiI oxpIoralion bIocI in ArunaclaI Iradosl.
A Iroduclion Slaring Conlracl (ISC) for llo bIocI las boon signod bolvoon llo
Govornmonl of India and llo Consorlium.
Tlo NTIC vas aIIollod IaIri Barvadil coaI mining bIocIs by llo Govornmonl of
India. 2 mino bIocIs al Bralmini and Cliclro IalsimaI in Odisla aro lo bo dovoIopod
llrougl a 50 : 50 joinl vonluro bolvoon llo NTIC and CoaI India Iimilod.
SAII Iovor SuppIy Company (I) Ild. (NSISCI) for oporaling llo Caplivo Iovor
IIanls of Durgapur and RourIoIa SlooI IIanls laving lolaI capacily of 240 MW, llo
BliIai IIoclric SuppIy Company Ild. (BISCI), for oporaling Caplivo Iovor pIanl
(74 MW) al BliIai SlooI IIanl of SAII.
- for RuraI IIoclricily
Infraslrucluro and HousoloId IIoclrificalion vas Iaunclod in ApriI, 2005 for llo
allainmonl of llo NalionaI Common Minimum Irogrammo of providing accoss lo
oIoclricily lo aII RuraI HousoloId in fivo yoars. Undor llis sclomo 90 capilaI subsidy
vouId bo providod for projocls.
vas incorporalod as a Company
undor Companios Acl, 1956 in 1969 vill llo main objoclivo of financing ruraI
oIoclrificalion sclomos in llo counlry.
(IOWIRGRID) vas oslabIislod as
a Govornmonl. onlorpriso on 23rd Oclobor, 1989. IOWIRGRID vas nolifiod as llo
INDIA 2011
135
ConlraI Transmission UliIily (CTU) of llo counlry in 1998. Iurllor, Govornmonl of
India conforrod llo slalus of Navralna lo IOWIRGRID on 1sl May, 2008.
IOWIRGRID las aIroady modornisod RIDCs vill Unifiod Ioad Dispalcl and
Communicalion (UIDC) sclomos in aII llo rogionaI povor grid of India,and for co-
ordinalion al nalionaI IovoI, NalionaI Ioad Dospalcl Conlro (NIDC) al DoIli vill
bacI up al KoIIala, las boon commissionod in Iob., 2009.
(IIC) is oslabIislod on 16l }uIy 1986, undor
llo Companios Acl, 1956, IIC is a ScloduIo-A, Navralna CISI in llo IinanciaI
Sorvicos Soclor, undor llo adminislralivo conlroI of llo Minislry of Iovor, vill
89.78 slaroloIding of llo Govornmonl of India. Ils Rogislorod and Corporalo
Officos aro al Nov DoIli. IIC vas inilialivo lo onlanco funding of povor projocls
in India, IIC providos loclnicaI, managomonl advisory and consuIlancy sorvicos and
impIomonlod and/or is impIomonling sclomos IiIo Roslruclurod AccoIoralod Iovor
DovoIopmonl & Roform Irogram (R-AIDRI), AccoIoralod Gonoralion & SuppIy
Irogrammo (AG&SI), Dislribulion Roform, Upgrados and Managomonl (DRUM) and
DoIivory llrougl doconlraIizod Managomonl (DDM) IIC las aIso oslabIislod llo
Iovor Iondors CIub. comprising 18 banIs and incIudos major financiaI inslilulions.
IIC is aIso parlicipaling in llo oquily of Iovor Ixclango India Iimilod (IXI), a
company promolod by NSI and NCDIX. IIC, NTIC, NHIC and TCS lavo promolod
NalionaI Iovor Ixclango Iimilod a company incorporalod undor Tlo Companios
Acl, 1956,. Wlicl is yol lo slarl ils oporalion and viII lavo viII lavo a nalionvido
prosonco in llo form of oIoclronic oxclango for lrading in povor.
-S}VN (formorIy N}IC) vas oslabIislod on 24ll
May, 1988 (a joinl vonluro of llo Govornmonl of India and llo Govornmonl of
HimaclaI Iradosl) vill oquily parlicipalion in llo ralio of 3 : 1 rospoclivoIy, lo pIan,
invosligalo, organizo, oxoculo, oporalo and mainlain Hydro-oIoclric povor projocls.
S}VN is a ScloduIo-A Mini Ralna company.
- (NITI), commillod lo llo dovoIopmonl of Human
Rosourcos in Iovor Soclor vill ils corporalo conlro al Iaridabad and fivo rogionaI
inslilulos Iocalod al NoyvoIi (TamiI Nadu), Durgapur (Wosl BangaI), Badarpur (Nov
DoIli), Nagpur (Malarasllra) and Guvalali (Assam) and lvo spociaIizod conlros
(Iovor Sysloms Training Inslilulo (ISTI) & Hol Iino Training Conlro (HITC) al
BongaIuru, Conlro for Advancod Managomonl and Iovor Sludios (CAMIS) al
Iaridabad (Haryana)). NITI (NI-R) is curronlIy oporaling from lomporary silo al
Narangi compIox of ASIB, Guvalali and a lraining inslilulo, as sanclionod by llo
Govl. of India al a cosl of ` 18.29 croros, is in llo advancod slago of compIolion al
KaliIipara, Guvalali.
- - a Socioly rogislorod undor llo Sociolios
Rogislralion Acl as NalionaI Iaboralory lo carry oul appIiod rosoarcl in IIoclricaI
Iovor Inginooring and is aIso funclioning as an indopondonl NalionaI Tosling and
Corlificalion Aullorily for IIoclricaI Iquipmonl. Tlo CIRIs Iaboralorios aro accrodilod
by llo NalionaI Accrodilalion Board for Tosling and CaIibralion of Iaboralorios
INDIA 2011
136
(NABI) as voII by INTIRTIKASTA, UK for losling of Iov VoIlago & Modium
VoIlago oquipmonls, Iovor Transformors & Iovor CabIos, CIRI las Momborslip in
llo group of Slorl Circuil Tosling Iaision (STI) of Iuropo and aro aIso approvod
for somo producls, by Undorvrilors Iaboralorios & Canadian Slandard Associalion.
Ils Rosoarcl and ConsuIlancy vorIs lavo boon corlifiod for ISO-90012000 by NVT,
KIMA. Il las boon rocognizod as Approvod Tosl Houso by IIoclricaI Dirocloralo,
Kingdom of Balrain and Saudi Arabia. CIRI las sorvod as Advisor-cum-ConsuIlanl
undor AIDRI-I for KarnalaIa, KoraIa & Andlra Iradosl and is ompanoIIod as IT
consuIlanl for R- AIDRI and Tlird Iarly Inspoclion Agoncy for KarnalaIa and KoraIa
undor llo Rajiv Gandli Gramoon VidyulliIaran Yojana Sclomo (RGGVY).
- vas oslabIislod on 2nd ApriI, 1976
(compIoloIy ovnod by Govornmonl) undor llo Minislry of Iovor lo pIan, promolo,
invosligalo, survoy, dosign, conslrucl, gonoralo, oporalo and mainlain povor slalions
in llo N.I. Rogion. Il is an ISO:9001:2000(QuaIily) ISO 14001:1996 (Invironmonl) and
OHSAS-18001:1999 (Safoly) Company vill ils Corporalo Offico al SliIIong.
vas a joinl vonluro of llo slalos of Iunjab and Rajasllan.
Aflor ro-organisalion of orslvliIo Iunjab Slalo in 1966 BlaIra Managomonl Board
vas conslilulod on 1sl Oclobor, 1967 undor Soclion 79 of Iunjab Ro-Organisalion
Acl, 1966 for llo adminislralion, mainlonanco and oporalion of BlaIra NangaI
Irojocl. Boas Conslruclion Board vas conslilulod undor llo Iunjab Ro-Organisalion
Acl, 1966 for conslruclion of Boas Irojocl. BlaIra Managomonl Board vas ronamod
as BlaIra Boas Managomonl Board (BBMB) on 15ll May, 1976 aflor compIolion
of Boas Irojocl.
sol up undor llo Inorgy Consorvalion Acl, 2001
vill llo mission lo dovoIop poIicios and slralogios vill a llrusl on soIf-roguIalion
and marIol principIos, villin llo ovoraII framovorI of llo Inorgy Consorvalion Acl
(IC Acl), 2001. Tlo Inorgy Consorvalion Acl camo inlo oxislonco in Marcl 2002.
Tlo Baclal Iamp Yojana, Iaunclod on 28ll May, 08, undor
llo CIoan DovoIopmonl Moclanism of llo Unilod Nalions IramovorI Convonlion
on CIimalo Clango (UNICC) vill llo idoa lo provido ligl quaIily CIIs lo
domoslic consumors for aboul ` 15 por Iamp. Wlicl is comparabIo lo llal of
incandosconl buIbs.
- Iaunclod on 18ll May 06 by, llo Minislry of
Iovor, Govornmonl of India iniliaIIy on a voIunlary basis lo Iay dovn minimum
onorgy porformanco slandards. Ior frosl froo, dirocl cooI rofrigoralors, lubuIar
fIuorosconl Iamps and air condilionors vill llo furllor oxlonsion lo covor air-
condilionors, dislribulion lransformors and llroo plaso squirroI cago induclion
molors as voII.
- Tlo Inorgy Consorvalion BuiIding
Codo (ICBC), Iaunclod on 27ll May, 07, by India govornmonl. for nov commorciaI
buiIdings laving a connoclod Ioad of moro llan 500 IW and las iniliaIIy boon
Iaunclod on voIunlary basis.
INDIA 2011
137
- -- oslabIislod on 14 Augusl, 1956, as a slalulory
body undor OiI and NaluraI Gas Commission Acl for llo dovoIopmonl of polroIoum
rosourcos and saIo of polroIoum producls. Ialor on, ONGC vas convorlod inlo a
IubIic Iimilod Company undor llo Companios Acl, 1956 and namod as OiI and
NaluraI Gas Corporalion Iimilod from 1 Iobruary, 1994.
- oslabIislod in 1965 as a subsidiary of ONGC by Slri
K. D. MaIaviyas lo supporl India by golling oiI from abroad. In 1989, il is ronamod
as ONGC Vidosl Iimilod. Il las a 25 por conl invoslmonl in llo Groalor NiIo OiI
Irojocl in Sudan and is curronlIy producing OiI & Gas from ils Sudan (Groalor NiIo
OiI Irojocl), Violnam, Syria and Russia (SaIlaIin-I) assols.
oslabIislod in 1959, as company vill slaro division in llo ralio
of 2 : 1 bolvoon burmal oiI company and India govornmonl. RospoclivoIy vlicl clangod
lo 1 : 1 in 1961 and in 1981 il bocamo Govornmonl of India onlorpriso compIoloIy undor
llo Minislry of IolroIoum and NaluraI Gas, is a NalionaI OiI Company ongagod in llo
oxpIoralion, produclion and lransporlalion of crudo oiI and naluraI gas.
, a Navralana company, oslabIislod in 1984, vill main businoss in
gas lransmission and marIoling. Ils loIocom businoss unil- GAIITII offors liglIy
dopondabIo bandvidll for loIocom sorvico providors in llo slalos of Rajasllan, Gujaral,
Madlya Iradosl, Malaraslra, Ullar Iradosl, Andlra Iradosl, Haryana, Iunjab and DoIli.
- - Associalion sol up in 1978 as a rogislorod
socioly undor llo Minislry of IolroIoum and NaluraI Gas vill llo objoclivo lo
promolo consorvalion of polroIoum producls in llo major soclors of oconomy
Iignilo rosorvos al NoyvoIi aro oxpIoilod by NoyvoIi Iignilo Corporalion Iimilod
IslabiIislod as a privalo Iimilod company in 1956 and Ialor on bocamo vloIIy-ovnod
Govl. onlorpriso and convorlod inlo a pubIic Iimilod company vill offocl from 7 Mar
1986. Il las llroo Iignilo minos and llroo llormaI povor slalions.
NATIONAL BIOGAS PROGRAMME
Biogas oblainod from llo biogas pIanls llrougl anaorobic digoslion conlains a mixluro of
mollano (5565 por conl), carbon dioxido (3540 por conl) and rosl ollor gasos. Tlo NalionaI
Biogas Irogrammo vas inilialod in 198182 for llo promolion of famiIy sizo biogas pIanls
vill llo aim of providing a cIoan and cloap sourco of onorgy aIong vill ollor bonofils
sucl as onriclod organic manuro, improvod sanilalion and lygiono and roduclion in
drudgory for vomon. Tlroo lypos of biogas dosigns, namoIy, llo fIoaling drum lypo or
KVIC dosign, fixod domo lypo and bag lypo porlabIo digoslor mado of rubborisod nyIon
fabric aro boing propagalod undor llis programmo. India is socond aflor Clina in biogas
pIanls.
Slarlod vill llo aim lo mool llo onorgy noods
of group of viIIagos vlicl vas modifiod in 200304 and incIudod cIuslor of dislricl
and slalo as voII Iivo RogionaI Training Conlros sol up undor llo programmo al DoIli,
IucInov, AmroI (Gujaral), BangaIoro and SliIIong.
INDIA 2011
138
sinco 200102, las aim lo provido
basic Iiglling/oIoclricily/faciIily llrougl ronovabIo onorgy oplions in romolo aroas
vlicl aro nol IiIoIy lo rocoivo grid connoclivily undor llo Rajiv Gandli Gramoon
VidyuliIaran Yojana (RGGVY) as corlifiod by llo RIC, ConlraI Govornmonl. providos
financiaI Assislanco of up lo 90 of llo projocl cosls, subjocl lo pro-spocifiod maximum
amounls for oacl loclnoIogy, is providod for approvod projocls.
India rocoivos soIar onorgy duo lo 300 cIoar sunny days is aboul 5.5 IWl por sqm por
day vill llo liglosl annuaI radialion rocoivod in IadaIl, voslorn Rajasllan and somo
parls of Gujaral vlicl can bo larnossod in lvo vays as soIar plolovoIlaic onorgy and
soIar llormaI onorgy by dirocl convorsion lo oIoclricily and loal onorgy rospoclivoIy.
An accoIoralod programmo for dovoIopmonl and dopIoymonl of soIar valor loaling
sysloms aimod al inslaIIalion of ono miIIion sq.m. of coIIoclor aroa is boing impIomonlod
by llo Minislry and Inlorosl subsidy is nov providod by llo Minislry so llal Ioans
aro avaiIabIo from banIs/IIs al offoclivo inlorosl ranging from 2 lo 5.
A NalionaI Hydrogon Inorgy Board las boon sol up lo guido and
monilor llo proparalion of a Hydrogon Inorgy Road Map as voII ils impIomonlalion.
Tlo Road Map proparod by llo Slooring Group formod by llo board vas approvod
in ils mooling and las visuaIisod goaIs of ono miIIion lydrogon-fuoIIod volicIos and
1,000 MW aggrogalo lydrogon basod povor gonoralion capacily lo bo sol up in llo
counlry by 2020.
- BHII dovoIopod a 3 IW aulomalod Irolon Ixclango Mombrano fuoI CoII
Iovor IacI and domonslralod llo samo for llo SlAlionary AppIicalions. Indian
Inslilulo of ClomciaI ToclnoIogy, Hydorabad viII inlogralo aIroady dovoIopod 10 IW
mollanoI roformor vill a 10 IW fuoI coII lo run il for 1000 lours.
MagnololoIIuric sludios by NalionaI GooplysicaI Rosoarcl
Inslilulo (NGRI), Hydorabad lavo slovn oxislonco of polonliaI goollormaI silos in
SurajIland, in }larIland and in Tapovan in UllaranclaI.
Tlo SoIar Inorgy Conlro, oslabiIislod in 1982, is an inlograI
parl of llo Minislry of Non-ConvonlionaI Inorgy Sourcos for dovoIopmonl and
promolion of soIar onorgy loclnoIogios. Tlo R&D campus is Iocalod on llo Gurgaon-
Iaridabad Road and ModuIo Tosl Bod IaciIily las boon oslabIislod in coIIaboralion
vill M/s Mosor Baor IlolovoIlaic Iimilod as voII il las laIon a projocl for proparalion
of llo updalod vorsion of soIar radialion dala vill India MolooroIogicaI Doparlmonl.
WorI on oslabIislmonl of an Aulomalic Woallor Slalion in llo campus of llo Conlro
las boon inilialod. A landbooI on onorgy conscious arclilocluro, proparod joinlIy
vill IIT Bombay.
C-WIT las boon sol up al Clonnai, TamiI Nadu,
and ils vind lurbinos losl slalion is Iocalod al Kayallar in dislricl TloolluIudi, TamiI
Nadu. Il las fivo unils namoIy, Rosoarcl andDovoIopmonl, WindRosourcos Assossmonl,
Wind Turbino Tosling, Slandards and Corlificalion, and Informalion, Training and
CommorciaI Sorvicos.
INDIA 2011
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- - An mass avaronoss campaign aboul ronovabIo
onorgy is boing organisod lo commomoralo llo birll annivorsary of formor Irimo
Minislor, Ialo Slri Rajiv Gandli as Rajiv Gandli AIslay Urja Divas on 20ll Aug.,
ovory yoar sinco 2004.
- - - Dislricl Advisory Commilloos lavo oslabIislod in
ovory dislricl vill llo CoIIoclor/Dopuly Commissionor as ils Clairman in ordor lo
croalo avaronoss on ronovabIo onorgy al llo dislricl IovoI.
- Tlo SpociaI Aroa Domonslralion programmo
aims al domonslralion of ronovabIo/non-convonlionaI onorgy sysloms and dovicos
in aII parls of llo counlry vill a viov lo croalo avaronoss and givo pubIicily amongsl
sludonls, loaclors and llo pubIic.
- - Will a viov lo croalo llo oulroacl of ronovabIo sysloms/
dovicos, AIslay Urja Slops aro boing sol up lo covor ovory dislricl in llo counlry
lo onsuro oasy avaiIabiIily of sucl sysloms/dovicos aparl from caloring lo ropair and
mainlonanco noods.
Tlo Minislry of IolroIoum and NaluraI Gas is onlruslod vill llo rosponsibiIily of
oxpIoralion and produclion of oiI and naluraI gas incIuding imporl of Iiquofiod
NaluraI Gas (ING) and llo rofining, marIoling, dislribulion, imporl, oxprol and
consorvalion of polroIoum producls. India is a mombor of llo InlornalionaI Inorgy
Iorum (III) vlicl provids a pIalform for bionniaI moolings of minislors from llo
onorgy producing and consuming counlrios.
is an inlogralod mining cum povor projocl vill
opon casl Iignilo minos IinIod vill TlormaI Iovor Slalions.
During llo poriod ApriI lo Docombor 2009 Iignilo produclion and povor gonoralion
acliovomonls of NIC voro 16.30 MT and 13064.17 MV rospoclivoIy againsl llo largol
of 15.17 MT and 11876.00 MV
UPSCPORTALS
Gol den Book Seri es
IAS PRELIMINARY2012
HISTORY
For
General Studies
Also Useful for PCS Examinations
Sachchida NandJ ha
INDIA 2011
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-
BolanicaI Survoy of India KoIIala, 13 Iob.,
1890
ZooIogicaI Survoy of India KoIIala, 1916
Iorosl Survoy of India Dolradun, Iroparos Slalo of Iorosl Roporl in-
1 }uno, 1981 cIuding NalionaI Vogolalion Map onco
in 2 yoars.
NalionaI Biodivorsily Aullorily Clonnai, Il vas sol up undor llo BioIogicaI
1 Ocl., 2003 Divorsily Acl, 2002.
NalionaI Inslilulo of AnimaI BaIIablgarl,
WoIfaro (NIAW) Iaridabad
AnimaI WoIfaro Board of India Clonnai Il is a slalulory body Undor Irovon-
lion of CruoIly lo AnimaIs Acl, I960.
Indian Board of WiIdIifo Hoadod by IM, il is llo apox advisory
body ovorsooing and guiding llo
impIomonlalion of various sclomo for
viIdIifo consorvalion.
ConlraI IoIIulion ConlroI Board DoIli, Aulonomous body sol up undor llo
(CICB) Sopl., 1974 Walor rovonlion and ConlroI of IoI-
Iulion Acl, 1974.
NalionaI Afforoslalion and Ico- Augusl, 1992
DovoIopmonl Board (NAIC)
G. B. Ianl Inslilulo of HimaIayan AImora, 1988
Invironmonl and DovoIopmonl
(GBIIHID)
Indian CounciI of Iorosl Rosoarcl Dolradun
and Iducalion (ICIRI)
Environment
12
INDIA 2011
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Iorosl Rosoarcl Inslilulo Dolradun
Arid Iorosl Rosoarcl Inslilulo }odlpur
Rain Iorosl Rosoarcl Inslilulo }orlal
TropicaI Ioroslry Rosoarcl Inslilulo }abaIpur
Inslilulo of Iorosl Gonolics and Troo Coimbaloro
Brooding
HimaIayan Iorosl Rosoarcl Inslilulo SlimIa
Conlro for SociaI Ioroslry and AIIalabad
Ico-rolabiIilalion
Inslilulo of Ioroslry Rosoarcl and Cllindvara
Human Rosourcos DovoIopmonl
Indian IIyvood Induslrios Rosoarcl BangaIoro
and Training Inslilulo
Indian Inslilulo of Iorosl Managomonl BlopaI
WiIdIifo Inslilulo of India Dolradun
SaIim AIi Conlro for CriminoIogy and Coimbaloro
NalionaI Hislory (SACONH)
Conlro for InvironmonlaI Iducalion Almodabad
CIR InvironmonlaI Iducalion Conlro Clonnai
Conlro for IcoIogicaI Scioncos BangaIoro
Conlro for Mining Invironmonl Almodabad
Conlro for InvironmonlaI Managomonl DoIli
of dogradod ocosysloms
TropicaI Bolanic Gardon and Rosoarcl Tliruvanallapuram
Insliluo
NalionaI Musoum of NaluraI Hislory Nov DoIli, 1978
(NMNH)
Indira Gandli NalionaI Iorosl Dolradun
Acadomy
TropicaI Iorosl Rosoarcl Inslilulo }abaIpur
KEY ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION AND OTHER PROVISIONS IN INDIA
Policies
1992 IoIicy Slalomonl on Abalomonl of IoIIulion
1992 NalionaI Consorvalion Slralogy and IoIicy Slalomonl on Invironmonl and DovoIop-
monl
1998 NalionaI Iorosl IoIicy
2002 WiIdIifo Consorvalion Slralogy
2006 NalionaI Invironmonl IoIicy
INDIA 2011
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Environmental Legislation
1927 Tlo Indian Iorosl Acl.
1972 Tlo Indian WiIdIifo (Iroloclion) Acl (amondod 1993)
1973 Tlo Walor (Irovonlion and ConlroI of IoIIulion) Acl (amondod 1988)
1977 Tlo Walor (Irovonlion and ConlroI of IoIIulion) Coss Acl (amondod 1992)
1980 Tlo Iorosl (Consorvalion) Acl (amondod 1988)
1981 Tlo Air (Irovonlion and ConlroI of IoIIulion) Acl (amondod 1987)
1986 Tlo Invironmonl (Iroloclion) Acl (amondod 1992)
1988 Tlo Molor VolicIos Acl
1991 Tlo IubIic IiabiIily Insuranco Acl (amondod 1992)
1995 NalionaI Invironmonl TribunaI Acl
1996 NalionaI Invironmonl AppoIIalo Aullorily Acl
2002 Tlo WiId Iifo (Iroloclion) Amondmonl Acl
2002 Tlo BioIogicaI Divorsily Acl
2003 Tlo Walor (Irovonlion and ConlroI of IoIIulion) Coss (Amondmonl) Acl
International Environmental Agreements to which India is a Signatory
1985 Tlo Vionna Convonlion/MonlroaI IrolocoI on subslancos llal dopIolo llo ozono Iayor
1972 Tlo Rio DocIaralion on Invironmonl and DovoIopmonl and llo Agonda 21
1975 Tlo Convonlion on InlornalionaI Trado in Indangorod Spocios of fIora and fauna
(CITIS)
1991 Tlo Convonlion on WolIands of InlornalionaI Imporlanco (llo Ramsar Convonlion)
1992 Tlo IramovorI Convonlion on CIimalo Clango
1992 Tlo Convonlion for Consorvalion of BioIogicaI Rosourcos
Tlo main omplasis of minislry of onvironmonl and forosls undor llo govormonl
slrucluro and impIomonlalion of poIicios and programmors roIalod lo consorvalion
of counlrys naluraI rosourcos ils biodivorsily, forosls and viId Iifo, onsuring llo
voIfaro of animaIs and conlroI and ballomonls of poIIulion. Tlo minislry aIso
sorvos as nodaI agoncy in counlry for Unilod Nalions onvironmonl programmo
(UNII), soull Asia cooporalivo onvironmonl programmo |SACII], inlornalionaI
conlor for inlogralod mounlain dovoIopmonl |ITIMOD] and for llo foIIov up of
llo unilod nalions conforonco on onvironmonl and dovoIopmonl |UNCID].
A NaluraI Consorvalion Slralogy and IoIicy Slalomonl on Invironmonl and
DovoIopmonl, 1992, NalionaI Iorosl IoIicy, 1988, a IoIicy Slalomonl on Abalomonl
of IoIIulion, 1992 and a NalionaI Invironmonl IoIicy 2006 lavo aIso boon ovoIvod.
BSI vas oslabIislod on 13ll Iob., 1890 vill llo basic
objoclivo lo oxpIoro llo pIanl rosourcos of counlry and lo idonlify llo pIanl spocios
vill oconomic virluos.
INDIA 2011
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- KoIIala and ils 10 circIo officor across llo counlry. Will llo passing
yoars, BSI, funclions las boon oxpondod lo incIudo various nov aroas sucl as invorl
rising ondomic raro and llroalonod pIanl spocios, consorvalion slralogios, sludios on
fragiIo oco syslom and proloclod aroas IiIo nalionaI parI, biosploro rosorvos olc.
vas oslabIislod in 1916 vill loadquarlor al
KoIIala vill 16 rogionaI slalions across llo counlry. ZSI vorIs undor minislry las
boon undor laping survoy, oxpIoralion and rosoarcl ZSI in roconl yoars las roorionlod
ils pIan of vorI by grouping in survoy and sludios undor six major programmor Viz.
1. fauna of slalos
2. fauna and consorvalion aroas,
3. fauna of imporlanl ocosyslom,
4. slalus survoy of ondangorod spocios and ocoIogicaI sludios/onvironmonl impacl
assignmonl survoy and idonlificalion of viIdIifo soizod maloriaIs roIalod lo viId
Iifo proloclion acl 1972. Bosidos, llo on going fauna of India programmo vas aIso
conlinuod.
Ono onvironmonl impacl assignmonl survoy al rognanl of BliIai slooI pIanl in
Cllallisgarl vas carriod oul.
Tlo booI on faunaI divorsily of ligor of India rosorvos vas roIoasod by llo lonourabIo
primo minislor of India during mooling of nalionaI board for viIdIifo.
- Dolradun forosls aro ronovabIo rosourcos conlribulo
subslanliaIIy lo oconomic dovoIopmonl. ISI a promior nalionaI inslilulo for forosl
rosourcos assignmonl in for coIIoclion of dala on scionlific Iino llrougl nalionvido
comprolonsivo forosl rocoursos survoy al roguIar inlorvaIs. ISI load quarlor
Dolradun vill four rogionaI officos al SlimIa, KoIIala, Nagpur, BangaIoro, vlon
vorI in cIoso coorodaclion lo carry oul llo various aclivilios of ISI. Ollor funclion
of ISI incIudos dala procossing and conducling lraining. of forosls and lroos oulsido
forosl and roporling. Hoad quarlors in ollor aclivilios as and vlon aIignod.
Tlo forosl covor maps on difforonls scaIos aro Iopl in pubIic domain and soId lo
slarl forosl doparlmonls and ollor usor agoncios on normaI prico. Sinco 2001 llo Ialosl
lroo covor maps aro avaiIabIo as lard copy and aIso in digilaI form.
- -- TolaI forosl covor of counlry as por
2005 assignmonl in 677.088 Im and Iino conslilulos 20.60 of lolaI goograplicaI aroa
of counlry of llis 5.4, 569 Im (1.66) in vory donso, 332.647 Im (10.12) in
modoraloIy donso forosl vliIo 289.87 Im. (8.82) in opon forosl covor. Tlo scrub
a counls for 38,475 Im (1.17).
Tlo slalo/UT viso forosl covor in counlry slov llal map vill 76.0/3 Im las Iargosl
aroa undor forosl covor, foIIovod by ArunaclaI Iradosl, Cllallisgarl.
According lo proporlion of goograplic undor forosl covor, Mizoram las maximum
porconlago of 88.66 foIIovod by NagaIand 82.75, ArunaclaI Iradosl 80.93 and
Andaman Nicobar (80.36).
INDIA 2011
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WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES AND NATIONAL PARKS IN INDIA
-
Bandipur NalionaI IarI Mysoro, KarnalaIa IIoplanl, Tigor, Boar, Samblar,
Ianllor
BaIpaIram Sancluary Garo HiIIs, MoglaIya Tigor, IIoplanl, Bison
Clandraprabla Varanasi, UI Asialic Iion, Tigor, Ianllor,
Sancluary Indian GazoIIo, SIoll boar
Corboll NalionaI IarI NainilaI, UllaranclaI IIoplanl, Tigor, SIoll boar,
NiIgai, Ianllor, Samblar
Dacligam Sancluary }ammu & Kaslmir Kaslmir slag (HanguI)
Dudlva NalionaI IarI IaIlimpur Klori, UI Tigor, Ianllor, Samblar, NiIgai
Glana Bird Sancluary Blaralpur, Rajasllan Siborian Crano, SpoonbiII,
Horon loaI, SlorI
Gir NalionaI IarI }unagarl, Gujaral Asialic Iion, Ianllor, Samblar,
NiIgai, CrocodiIo, Rlinocoros
Hazaribagl NalionaI IarI Hazaribagl, }larIland Tigor, Ioopard, Samblor, ClilaI
}aIdapara Sancluary Wosl BongaI Tigor, Ioopard, Samblor, ClilaI
Kanla NalionaI IarI MandIa and BaIaglal, MI Tigor, Ianllor, AnloI opo,
BarIing Door, NiIgai
Kaziranga NalionaI IarI }orlal, Assam Groal Indian ono lornod
Rlinocoros, WiId BuffaIo,
Samblar, Tigor
Manas Barpola, Assam Tigor, IIoplanl, Ianllor, WiId
BuffaIo, Ono lornod Rlinocoros
MudumaIai Sancluary NiIgiri HiIIs, TN IIoplanl, Doar, Iigs
Namdapla NalionaI IarI Tirap Disll., AI Tigor and IIoplanl
IaIamau DaIlonganj, }larIland Tigor, IIoplanl, Ianllor,
Ioopard
IarIaI WarangaI, AI Tigor, Ianllor, ClilaI, NiIgai
Ioriyar IduIIi, KoraIa IIoplanl, Tigor, Ianllor, WiId
board, Gaur, Samblar
Ranganlliloo Bird KarnalaIa Birds
Sancluary
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Slivpuri NalionaI IarI Slivpuri, MI Tigor, Birds
Sundorbans Wosl BongaI Tigor, WiId board, CrocodiIo,
Door Birds
VodanallangaI Bird TamiI Nadu Birds
Sanclury
WiId Ass Sancluary IillIo Rann of Kulcl, WiId Ass, WoIf, NiIgai,
Gujaral ClinIara
CONSERVATIONMANGROVES OF CORAL REEFS
Tlo coaslaI roguIalion zono nolificalion (1991) undor llo onvironmonlaI proloclion Acl
(1986) rocognizos mangrovo and coraI roofs aroas as ocoIogicaI sonsilivo and calogorizos
llom as CRZI (i) vlicl impIios llal lloso aroas aro affordod proloclion of liglosl
ordor undor llo promolionaI moasuro, llo govornmonl las idonlifiod 28 mangrovo
aroas, four coraI roofs aroas on a counlry-vido basin for inlonsivo consorvalion and
managomonl.
rocognizos llal mangrovos and coraI roofs aro imporlanl
coaslaI onvironmonl rosourcos, vlicl provido labilals for marino spocios I proloclion
from oxlromo voallor ovonls, and a rosourco baso for suslainabIo lourism. Tlo poIicy
aIso rocognizo llal mangrovo, as indood llo ollor caslIo rosourcos IiIo coraI roofs
and coaslaI forosls, faco llroals from various quarlors.
Mangrovos in India accounl for aboul 5 of vorIds mangrovo vogolalion and aro
sproad ovor an aroa 4500 Im aIong coaslaI slalos ! UTs of counlry.
Wosl BongaIs sundorbaso accounl for a IillIo Ioss llan laIf of lolaI aroa undor mangrovos
in India.
Iorosl survoy of India is assossing llo vogolalion covor of counlry incIuding mangrovos
using romolo sonsing sinco 1987.
TOP-3 Mangrove Area in Country
1. Wosl BongaI
2. Gujaral
3. Adman & Nicobar
Tlo minislry las oslabIislod a nalionaI mangrovo gonolic rosourcos conlor in Odisla.
Coral Reefs
Tlo 4 major coraI roofs aroas idonlifiod for inlonsivo consorvalion and managomonl
1. GuIf of Mannar
2. GuIf of Kulcll
INDIA 2011
146
3. IaIsladvoop
4. Andaman and Nicobar IsIands
In India coraI roof aroa oslimalod = n Rocognizing llal 2008 yoar is llo inlor-
nalionaI yoar of coraI roofs, minislry las sponsorod a vorIslop onlilIod slalus of coraI
roofs in India joinlIy organisod by IaIsladvoop and nalionaI inslilulo of ocoanograply
|Goa] al Kadamal IsIands, IaIsladvoop.
BIOSPHERE RESERVES (BR)
Biosploro Rosorvos aro aroas of lorriloriaI and coaslaI ocosyslom vlooI aro inlornalionaIIy
rocognizod vill in framovorI of UNISCOs Man and Biosploro (MAB) Irogrammo lloso
rosorvos aro roquirod lo mool a minimaI sol of criloria and adloro lo a minimaI sol of
condilions boforo boing admillod lo vorId nolvorI of biosploro rosorvos dosignalod by
UNISCO. India las boon dividod inlo 10 biograplic zonos and lloso zono logollor consisl
of lvonly fivo bio-graplic provincos, llo aim inlo dosignalo ono roprosonlalivo silo as
biosploro rosorvo in oacl bio-goograplic provinco for Iong lorm consorvalion.
Tlo minislry las providod financiaI assislanco lo rospoclivo slalo govornmonls for
consorvalion and managomonl of 16 biosploro rosorvos dosignalod so far. In addilion
valclod biosploro rosorvo in Gujaral las boon dosignalod as 15ll biosploro rosorvo in
llo counlry on 29ll }anuary, 2008. Oul of 15 rosorvos 14 rosorvos namoIy Sundorban (WB),
GuIf of Mannar (TN), NiIgiri (TN, KoraIa, KarnalIa) & Nanda Dovi (UllaranclaI) lavo
boon incIudod in vorId nolvorI of biosloro rosorvos.
- --
1. Consorvalion roIo
2. Iogislic roIo
3. DovoIopmonl roIo
- - - --
1. SlriclIy proloclod coro aroa
2. SlriclIy doIinoalod buffor zono
3. InlorIinoalod oulor buffor zono or lransilion aroa.
Biodiversity Conservation
Tlo convonlion on bioIogicaI divorsily (CBD), ono of Ioy agroomonl adoplod during llo
oarll summil loId in Riodo }anoiro in 1992 in llo firsl comprolonsivo gIobaI agroomonl
vlicl addrossos aII aspocls roIalod vill biodivorsily.
1. CBD las noar univorsaI momborslip vill 190 counlrios
2. India in parly lo CBD
3. Iigll mooling of llo conforonco of parlios (COI) lo CBD oigll vas al crilicaI BraziI
4. NalionaI biodivorsily aullorily (NBA), CHINNAI
INDIA 2011
147
India loslod lvo moolings for llo CBD in 2009 an oxporl mooling on TradilionaI
KnovIodgo in Hydorabad from 1619 }uno, 2009 and Asia Iacific rogionaI vorIslop
on proloclod Aroas in Dolradun on 1215 Oclobor, 2009. In pursuanco lo llo CBD,
India las onaclod llo BioIogicaI Divorsily Acl in 2002. Tlo BioIogicaI ruIos voro
nolifiod in 2004.
BOTANIC GARDEN OF THE INDIAN REPUBLIC, NOIDA
Il vas sol up lo faciIilalo oxisling consorvalion propagalion of raco for llroalonod indig-
onous pIanls in counlry.
projoclion promoling consorvalion of modicinaI pIanls and KaroI
odgo for onlancing loaIll for IivoIilood socurily.
PROJECT TIGER
(NalionaI Tigor Consorvalion aullorily): Il is conlraIIy sponsorod
sclomo Iaunclod in ApriI 1973.
Iaunclod in Iob., 1992, assislanco vas providod lo Haryana for
croalion of firsl oIoplanl rolabiIilalion conlor in counlry.
3 moro oIoplanl rosoarcl aro lo bo oslabIislod lvo in Cllallisgarl and 1 in ArunaclaI
Iradosl.
POLLUCATION
Undor nalionaI air quaIily programmo, four air poIIucalions.
1. SuIplur dioxido
2. Oxidos of nilrogon as NO
2
3. Suspondod parlicuIalo mallor (spm) and roparabIo suspondod parlicuIalo mallor
(RSIM OR IM 10) lavo boon idonlifiod for roguIar moniloring al aII Iocalion.
4. NalionaI rivor consorvalion dirocloralofunclioning undor minislry of onvironmonl.
5. NalionaI musoum of naluraI lisloryis subordinalo organizalion of minislry of
onvironmonl.
6. Indira Iriyadarslini VriIsla Milra avards. Il is proposod lo roslrucluro avards lo
significanlIy improvo llo profiIo of avardoos so llal llo bocomo roIo modoIs, vlicl
is roquirod in viov of Iongor managomonl cycIo of lroo pIanlalion aclivily.
7. Modini IurasIar YovanaRoIalod vill onvironmonl.
: Govornmonl of India las boon onlruslod in vorI roIalod lo
ozono Iayor proloclion and impIomonlalion of monlorod prolocoI lo minislry.
INDIA 2011
148
Tlo AnimaI WoIfaro Division is onlruslod vill llo impIomonlalion of llo provisions
of llo Irovonlion of CruoIly lo AnimaIs Acl, 1960. IIan Sclomos aro in oporalion for
impIomonlalion of llo slalulory obIigalions undor llis Acl.
Tlo Concorn for onvironmonlaI quaIily las bocomo llo ulmosl issuo in llo prosonl
sconario of incroasing urbanizalion, induslriaI and volicuIar poIIulion as voII as
poIIulion of valor coursos duo lo disclargo of affIuonls villoul conforming lo llo
onvironmonlaI norms.
Tlo Minislry undor llo Invironmonl Iroloclion Acl (1986), las nolifiod llo RuIos
for llo Manufacluro, Uso, Imporl, Ixporl and Slorago of Hazardous Micro Organisms/
GonolicaIIy onginoorod Organisms or CoIIs 1989 (Inovn as RuIos, 1989) lo onsuro
llal rosoarcl and dovoIopmonl and losling of IMOs prior lo onvironmonlaI roIoaso
aro conduclod in a safo and scionlific mannor.
Tlo mandalo of llo Iorosl Consorvalion Division is lo impIomonl llo Iorosl
(Consorvalion) Acl, 1980, vlicl vas onaclod on 25 Oclobor, 1980.
Tlis Acl doaIs vill granl of foroslry cIoarancos for divorsion of forosl Iands for non-
foroslry purposos in rospocl of dovoIopmonl projocls IiIo povor, roads, raiIvays,
irrigalion, mining, sclooIs, dofonco, drinIing valor, rosollIomonl, rolabiIilalion of
poopIo, olc.
Inlogralod Iorosl Iroloclion Sclomo (IIIS) vas boing impIomonlod during llo 10ll
Iivo Yoar IIan and is boing conlinuod during 11ll IIan. Tlo IIanning Commission
las suggoslod lo ronamo llo Sclomo as Inlonsificalion of Iorosl Managomonl
during 11ll Iivo Yoar IIan.
Non-IogaIIy Binding InlornalionaI Inslrumonl for suslainabIo dovoIopmonl of aII
lypos of forosls las boon agrood lo as GIobaI Iorosl IoIicy by aII mombor counlrios
of llo Unilod Nalions and adoplod by GonoraI AssombIy.
Tlo Indian Conslilulion onlaiIs llo subjocl of forosl and viIdIifo in llo Concurronl
Iisl. Tlo IodoraI Minislry acls as a guiding lorcl doaIing vill poIicios and pIanning
on viIdIifo consorvalion vliIo llo Slalo Iorosl Doparlmonls lavo boon voslod vill
llo rosponsibiIily of impIomonlalion of nalionaI poIicios and pIans.
Zoos in India aro roguIalod as por llo provision of llo WiId Iifo (Iroloclion) Acl,
1972 and aro guidod by llo NalionaI Zoo poIicy, 1998.
Tlo ConlraI Zoo Aullorily (CZA), oslabIislod by llo Govornmonl of India in yoar
1992 llrougl an amondmonl in llo WiId Iifo (Iroloclion) Acl, 1972 ovorsoos llo
funclioning of Zoos and onforcos minimum slandards and norms for upIoop and
loaIll caro of animaIs.
Tlo major funclions of llo Hazardous Subslancos Managomonl Division (HSMD)
incIudo roguIalory aclivilios for framing nocossary RuIos roIaling lo onvironmonlaIIy
sound managomonl of lazardous vaslos/clomicaIs, pIaslics and municipaI soIid
vaslos undor llo Invironmonl (Iroloclion) Acl, 1986 and promolionaI aclivilios by
providing nocossary financiaI supporl lo llo concornod agoncios for lloir
impIomonlalion.
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Tlo NalionaI Rivor Consorvalion Dirocloralo, funclioning undor llo Minislry is
ongagod in impIomonling llo Rivor and IaIo Aclion IIans undor llo NalionaI IaIo
Consorvalion IIan (NICI) and NalionaI Rivor Consorvalion IIan (NRCI) by providing
assislanco lo llo Slalo Govornmonls.
Tlo Sclomo of NalionaI NaluraI Rosourco Managomonl Syslom (NNRMS) invoIvos
uliIizalion of romolo sonsing loclnoIogy for accuralo invonlory of rosourcos sucl as
Iand valor forosls, minoraIs ocoans, olc. and lo uliIizo llis informalion for moniloring
clangos in ocoIogicaI syslom.
Tlo NalionaI Musoum of NalionaI Hislory (NMNH), a subordinalo organizalion of
llo Minislry, vas oponod lo pubIic in 1978 lo croalo pubIic avaronoss in prosorvalion
and consorvalion of onvironmonl and naluro.
RoaIizing llo nood of approprialo onvironmonlaI informalion, llo Minislry las sol
up an InvironmonlaI Informalion Syslom (INVIS) as a pIan programmo and as a
comprolonsivo nolvorI in onvironmonlaI informalion coIIoclion, coIIalion, slorago,
rolriovaI and dissominalion lo varying usors, vlicl incIudo docision-maIors,
rosoarclors, acadomicians, poIicy pIannors, rosoarcl scionlisls, olc.
Wet Lands
Iobruary 2 is vorId volIands day. Il marIs llo dalo of signing of convonlion on volIands
and Iob. 2, 1971 in Iranian cily of Ramsar.
1. Marslos/snaps forosl in colod ivoro (ivory coasl)
2. Tlo ruoorgai marslos on oaslorn odgo of Tibolan pIaluoa
3. Vambanad IayaI in KoraIa
4. TloIum
5. TuIar IaIo
6. IoIlaI IaIo
7. CliIiIa IaIo

1. Asllamudi WolIand 19/08/02 KoraIa
2. BlilarIaniIa Mangrovos 19/08/02 Odisla
3. Bloj WolIand 19/08/02 Madlya Iradosl
4. ClandorlaI WolIand 08/11/05 HimaclaI Iradosl
5. CliIiIa IaIo 01/10/81 Odisla
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6. Doopor BooI 19/08/02 Assam
7. Iasl KoIIala WolIands 19/08/02 Wosl BongaI
8. HariIo IaIo 23/03/90 Iunjab
9. HoIora WolIand 08/11/05 }ammu and Kaslmir
10. KanjIi 22/01/02 Iunjab
11. KooIadoo NalionaI IarI MR 01/10/81 Rajasllan
12. KoIIoru IaIo 19/08/02 Andlra Iradosl
13. IoIlaI IaIo MR 23/03/90 Manipur
14. Ioinl CaIimoro 19/08/02 TamiI Madu
15. Iong Dam IaIo 19/08/02 HimaclaI Iradosl
16. RonuIa WolIand 08/11/05 HimaclaI Iradosl
17. Ropar 22/01/02 Iunjab
18. Rudrasagar IaIo 08/11/05 Tripura
19. Samblar IaIo 23/03/90 Rajasllan
20. SasllamIolla IaIo 19/08/02 KoraIa
21. Surinsar-Mansar IaIos 08/11/05 }ammu and Kaslmir
22. Tsomoriri 19/08/02 }ammu and Kaslmir
23. Vombanad-KoI WolIand 19/08/02 KoraIa
24. WuIar IaIo 23/03/90 }ammu and Kaslmir
25. Uppor Ganga Rivor
(Brijglal lo Narora Slrolcl) 08/11/05 Ullar Iradosl
MR-silos undor Monlroaux Rocord
(as on }uno 26, 2009)

1. Andlra Iradosl 1. KoIIoru
2. Assam 1. DoopoI BooI
2. Urpad BooI
3. Sono BooI
3. Bilar 1. Kabar
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2. BariIIa
3. Kusloslvar Asllan
4. Gujaral 1. NaIsarovar
2. Groal Rann of Kacll
3. TloI Bird Sancluary
4. Klijadiya Bird Sancluary
5. IillIo Rann of Kacll
6. Iarioj
7. Wadlvana
8. NaniIaIrad
5. Haryana 1. SuIlanpur
2. Blindavas
6. HimaclaI Iradosl 1. RonuIa
2. Iong Dam
3. ClandralaI
4. RovaIsar
5. Klajjiar
7. }ammu & Kaslmir 1. WuIlar
2. Tso Morari
3. Tisgul Tso & ClisuI Marslos
4. HoIorsar
5. Mansar-Surinsar
6. Ranjilsagar
7. Iangong Tsar
8. Glarana
9. Hygam
10. Mirgund
11. SlaIbugl
12. ClusluI & HanIoy
8. }larIland 1. Udlva
2. TiIaiya Dam
9. KarnalaIa 1. Magadli
2. Gudavi Bird Sancluary
3. BonaI
4. HidIaI & Glalaprabla
5. Hoggori
6. Ranganllillu
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7. K.G. Koppa volIand
10. KoraIa 1. Asllamudi
2. SasllamIolla
3. KolluIi
4. KaduIandi
5. Vombnad KoI
11. Madlya Iradosl 1. Barna
2. Yaslvanl Sagar
3. WolIand of Kon Rivor
4. NalionaI ClambaI Sanclnary
5. Glaligaon
6. Ralapani
7. Donva Tava volIand
8. Kanla Tigor Rosorvo
9. Ioncl Tigor Rosorvo
10. SaIlyasagar
11. DilaiIa
12. Govindsagar
13. Sirpur
12. Malarasllra 1. Ujni
2. }ayaIavadi
3. NaIganga volIand
13. Manipur 1. IoIlaI
2. Umiam
15. Mizoram 1. TamdiI
2. IaIaI
16. Odisla 1. CliIIa
2. Kuanria volIand
3. Kanjia volIand
4. Dala volIand
5. Anusupa
17. Iuduclorry 1. Ouslori IaIo
18. Iunjab 1. HariIo
2. Ropar
3. KanjIi
4. NangaI
19. Rajasllan 1. Samblar
INDIA 2011
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20. SiIIim 1. Kloclupori HoIy IaIo
2. Tamzo WolIand
3. Tombao WolIand CompIox
4. Ilondang WolIand CompIox
5. GurudoImar WolIand
6. Tsomgo volIand
21. TamiI Nadu 1. Ioinl CaIimor
2. KaIivoii
3. IaIIaiIarni
22. Tripura 1. Rudrasagar
2. Gumli rosorvoir
23. Ullar Irdaosl 1. Navabganj
2. Sandi
3. IaIl Balosli
4. Samaspur
5. AIvara WolIand
6. Somarai IaIo
7. Nagaria IaIo
8. Koollam IaIo
9. SloIla volIand
10. Saman Bird Sancluary
11. Sarsai Navar
12. Ialna Bird Sancluary
13. Clando volIand, Basli
14. TaI-BagloI volIand
15. TaaI Ganblirvan & TaaI SaIona
16. Aadi jaI }oov }looI
24. UllaranclaI 1. Ban Ganga }liImiI TaI
2. Asan
25. Wosl BongaI 1. Iasl CaIculla WolIand
2. Sundorbans
3. Aliron BooI
4. RasiI BooI
5. Sanlragacl
6. IalIaIlava-Rasomal
26. UT (Clandigarl) 1. SuIlna
INDIA 2011
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Tlo Minislry of Iinanco landIos oconomic and financiaI issuos affocling llo counlry and
roguIalos oxpondiluro of llo Govornmonl incIuding lransfor of rosourcos lo llo slalos. Il
las 10 Doparlmonls as oxpIainod boIov:
(i) Iconomic Affairs,
(ii) Ixpondiluro,
(iii) Rovonuo, and
(iv) Disinvoslmonl
(i) Iinanco Division
(ii) Budgol Division incIuding IiscaI RosponsibiIily and Budgol Managomonl (IRBM)
(iii) CapilaI MarIol
(iv) BiIaloraI Co-oporalion and Adminislralion
(v) MuIliIaloraI Inslilulions
(vi) MuIliIaloraI RoIalions and Adminislralion
(vii) ConlroIIor of Aid, Accounls and Audil
(viii) Iconomic Division
(ix) Dirocloralo of Curroncy.
-- Tlo TvoIfll Iinanco Commission (conslilulod on 1sl
Nov., 02) by llo Irosidonl lo givo rocommondalions on spocifiod aspocls of ConlroSlalo
fiscaI roIalions during 200510. Tlo Commission submillod ils Roporl covoring aII aspocls
of ils mandalo on 17 Docombor, 2004.
13
Finance
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155
- -
Conlro and Slalos lo improvo llo combinod lax GDI ralio lo 17.6 por conl by
200910.
Combinod dobl-GDI ralio, vill oxlornaI dobl moasurod al lisloricaI oxclango
ralos, lo bo brougll dovn lo 75 por conl by 200910.
IiscaI doficil lo GDI largols for llo Conlro and Slalos lo bo fixod al 3 por conl.
Rovonuo doficil of llo Conlro and Slalos lo bo brougll dovn lo zoro by 200809.
Inlorosl paymonls roIalivo lo rovonuo rocoipls lo bo brougll dovn lo 28 por conl
and 15 por conl in llo caso of llo Conlro and Slalos, rospoclivoIy.
Slalos lo foIIov a rocruilmonl poIicy in a mannor so llal llo lolaI saIary biII,
roIalivo lo rovonuo oxpondiluro, nol of inlorosl paymonls, doos nol oxcood 35 por
conl.
-
Tlo slaro of Slalos in llo nol procoods of slaroabIo ConlraI laxos fixod al 30.5
por conl, lroaling addilionaI oxciso dulios in Iiou of saIos lax as parl of llo gonoraI
pooI of ConlraI laxos. Slaro of Slalos lo como dovn lo 29.5 por conl, vlon Slalos
aro aIIovod lo Iovy saIos lax on sugar, loxliIos and lobacco.
In caso of any IogisIalion onaclod in rospoclod of sorvico lax, aflor llo nolificalion
of llo oiglly oiglll amondmonl lo llo Conslilulion, rovonuo accruing lo a Slalo
slouId nol bo Ioss llan llo slaro llal slouId accruo lo il, lad llo onliro sorvico
lax procoods boon parl of llo slaroabIo pooI.
-
A granl of ` 20,000 croro for llo Ianclayali Raj inslilulions and ` 5,000 croro
for urban IocaI bodios lo bo givon lo Slalos for llo poriod 200510.
Iriorily lo bo givon lo oxopondiluro on oporalion and mainlonanco (O&M) cosls
of valor suppIy and sanilalion, vliIo uliIizing llo granls for llo Ianclayals. Al
Ioasl 50 por conl of llo granls rocommondod for urban IocaI bodios lo bo
oarmarIod for llo sclomo of soiId vaslo managomonl llrougl pubIic-privalo
parlnorslip.

Tlo sclomo of CaIamily RoIiof Iund (CRI ) lo conlinuo in ils prosonl from vill
conlribulions from llo Conlro and Slalos in llo ralio of 75 : 25. Tlo sizo of llo
Iund vorIod oul al ` 21,333 croro for llo poriod 200510.
Tlo oulgo from llo Iund lo bo ropIonislod by vay of coIIoclion of NalionaI
CaIamily Conlingonl Duly and Iovy of spociaI surclargos.
- -
Tlo prosonl syslom of ConlraI assislanco for Slalo IIans, comprising granl and
Ioan compononls, lo bo dono avay vill, and llo Conlro slouId confino ilsoIf
lo oxlonding pIan granls and Ioaving inlo Slalos lo docido lloir borrovings.
Non-pIan rovonuo doficil granl of ` 56,856 croro rocommondod lo 15 Slalos for
INDIA 2011
156
llo poriod 200510. Granls amounling lo ` 10,172 croro rocommondod for llo
oducalion soclor for sovon Slalos. Granls lo oducalion and loaIll soclors aro
addilionaIilios ovor and abovo llo normaI oxpondiluro lo bo incurrod by Slalos.
A granl of ` 15,000 croro rocommondod for roads and bridgos, vlicl is in
addilion lo llo normaI oxpondiluro of Slalos.
Granls rocommondod for mainlonanco of pubIic buiIdings, forosls, lorilago
consorvalion and spocific noods of Slalos aro ` 500 croco, ` 1,000 croro, ` 625 croro
and ` 7,100 croro, rospoclivoIy.
-
Will llo rocommondod sclomo of dobl roIiof in pIaco, fiscaI roform faciIily nol
lo conlinuo ovor llo poriod 200510.
--
ConlraI Ioans lo Slalos conlraclod liII Marcl, 2004 and oulslanding on Marcl
31,2005 amounling lo ` 1,28,795 croro lo bo consoIidalod and roscloduIod for
frosl lorm of 20 yoars, and an inlorosl ralo of 7.5 por conl lo bo clargod on llom.
Tlis is subjocl lo onaclmonl of fiscaI rosponsibiIily IogisIalion by a Slalo.
A dobl vrilo-off sclomo IinIod lo roduclion of rovonuo doficil of Slalo lo bo
inlroducod. Undor llis sclomo, ropaymonls duo from 200506 lo 200910 on
ConlraI Ioans conlraclod up lo Marcl 31, 2004 viII bo oIigibIo for vrilo-off.
ConlraI Govornmonl nol lo acl as an inlormodiary for fuluro Ionding lo Slalos,
oxcopl in llo caso of voaI Slalos, vlicl aro unabIo lo raiso funds from llo marIol.
IxlornaI assislanco lo bo lransforrod lo slalos on llo samo lorms and condilions
as allaclod lo sucl assislanco by oxlornaI funding agoncios.
is an oslimalo of oxpoclod rocoipls and oxpondiluro of llo Union for
llo onsuing financiaI yoar vlicl is Iaid boforo llo IarIiamonl and aIso Inovn as AnnuaI
IinanciaI Slalomonl. Il covors onliro lransaclions of ConlraI Govornmonl during llo
procoding yoar as voII as onsuing yoar or llo Budgol Yoar as il is Inovn. AII villdravaIs
of monoy from llo ConsoIidalod Iund aro lloroaflor aullorisod by an Approprialion Acl
passod by llo IarIiamonl ovory yoar.
is comprisod of borrovings insido llo counlry IiIo marIol Ioans,
componsalions and ollor bonds, lroasury biIIs issuod lo financo Slalo Govornmonls,
olc. ollor IiabiIilios incIudo oulslandings againsl llo various smaII saving sclomos,
providonl funds, socurilios issuod lo InduslriaI DovoIopmonl BanI of India, Unil
Trusl of India and nalionaIisod banIs, doposils undor llo spociaI doposil sclomos,
rosorvo funds and doposils.
In 1770, llo firsl banI of India, BanI of Hinduslan, vas oslabIislod in CaIculla by
AIoxandor company. Aflor llal, llroo prosidoncy banIs voro oslabIislod as banI of
CaIculla (1806), BanI of Bombay (1840) and BanI of Madras (1843).
Tlo firsl banI of Iimilod IiabiIily, Oudl CommorciaI BanI, vas oslabIislod in 1881 undor
Indian managomonl vloroas, in 1894, Iunjab NalionaI BanI vas oslabIislod. Tlo BanIing
Companios Acl camo inlo oxislonso in Iobruary, 1949, foIIovod by subsoquonl amondmonl
INDIA 2011
157
lo road as BanIing RoguIalion Acl, 1949 duo lo banIing crisis during 19131917 and faiIuro
of 588 banIs in various Slalos during llo docado ondod 1949 and lo provido llo IogaI
framovorI for roguIalion of llo banIing syslom by RBI.
- vas nalionaIisod in 1955 and roslruclurod
as Slalo BanI of India, foIIovod by formalion of ils 7 Associalo BanIs in 1959. An ordianco
vas issuod on 19ll }uI-1969 vill llo aim lo bring commorciaI banIs inlo llo mainslroam
of oconomic dovoIopmonl vill laIing ovnorslip and conlroI of 14 major banIs. Six
commorciaI banIs voro nalionaIisod on 15ll ApriI, 1980.
On 14ll Aug., 1991, Commilloo on llo IinanciaI Syslom (Clairman: M.Narsimalam) vas
formod lo oxamino aII aspocls roIaling lo llo slrucluro, organisalion, funclions and pro-
coduros of llo financiaI sysloms on llo basis of rocommondalions of a comprolonsivo
roform vas inlroducod in 199293. Again in Doc. 1997, a commilloo (Clairman: Slri M.
Narasimlam), vas formod lo roviov llo rocord of impIomonlalion of financiaI syslom
roforms rocommondod in 1991 vlicl submillod ils roporl lo llo Govornmonl in ApriI 1998
lo roviso guidoIinos for onlry of nov banIs in privalo soclor voro issuod on 3rd }anuary,
2001 aflor guidoIinos in 1993 undor vlicl RBI scrulnisod appIicalion and gavo approvaI
lo lvo onlilios on 7ll Iob. 2002. KolaI Malindra BanI Ild., vas granlod banIing Iiconco
on 6ll Iobruary, 2003 vlicl slarlod ils oporalions from 22nd Marcl, 2003 and subsoquonlIy
vas incIudod in llo Socond ScloduIo of llo Rosorvo BanI of India Acl, 1934 v.o.f. 12ll
ApriI, 2003. Iiconco vas granlod lo Yos BanI Ild. (anollor approvod banI) on 24ll May,
2004 vlicl slarlod ils oporalions from 16ll Augusl, 2004 and vas incIudod in llo socond
ScloduIo of llo RBI Acl, 1934 on 21sl Augusl, 2004.
- , oslabIislod on 1sl ApriI, 1935, undor llo Rosorvo
BanI of India Acl, 1934 and nalionaIisod on 1sl }anuary, 1949. Il acls as banIor lo
llo conlraI as voII slalo govornmonl as por llo agroomonl vill llom. Ior llo issuanco
of curroncy in India ollor llan 1 rupoo coin and subsidiary coins, il las llo soIo
aullorily vliIo as llo agonl of Indian govornmonl. Il aIso managos dislribulion of
ono-rupoo coin as voII as smaII coins issuod by llo Govornmonl. Tlo Rosorvo BanI
aIso landIos llo borroving programmo of llo ConlraI and Slalo Govornmonl.
Tloro aro - - (incIuding foroign banIs) as comprising
161 pubIic soclor banIs of vlicl 133 aro rogionaI ruraI banIs (RRBs) vlicl accounls
for 75.2 of llo doposils of aII scloduIod commorciaI banIs, 19 nalionaIisod banIs,
8 banIs in SBI group and IDBI Ild.
SWARNJAYANTI GRAM SWAROZGAR YOJANA (SGSY)
Tlo sclomo (fundod on 75 : 25 basis by conlro and slalo govormonl) vas Iaunclod v.o.f.
from 1sl ApriI, 1999 by llo Union Minislry of RuraI DovoIopmonl (aflor combining Training
of RuraI Youll Ior SoIf ImpIoymonl (TRYSIM), DovoIopmonl of Womon and CliIdron in
RuraI Aroas (DWCRA), SuppIy of Improvod TooIIils lo RuraI Arlisans (SITRA), Ganga
KaIyan Yojana (GKY) and MiIIion WoIIs Sclomo (MWS) and is impIomonlod by DRDAs
llrougl panclayal samili. Tlo sclomo aims al oslabIislmonl of micro onlorprisos in llo
ruraI aroas vill llo objoclivo lo bring ovory assislod famiIy abovo llo povorly Iino in llroo
INDIA 2011
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yoars by providing llom incomo (slouId nol bo Ioss llan ` 20000 p.m., nol ropaymonl lo
llo banI, al Ioasl in llo 3rd yoar) gonoraling assols llrougl a mix of banI crodil and
govornmonl subsidy.
SWARNA JAYANTI SHAHARI ROZGAR YOJANA
Tlo sclomo (fundod on 75 : 25 basis by conlro and slalo govormonl) is oporaling from
1 Docombor 1997 in aII urban and somi-urban lovns vloro bonoficiarios aro idonlifiod by
IocaI bodios llrougl louso-lo-louso survoy.
PRIME MINISTERS ROZGAR YOJANA (PMRY)
Iaunclod on 2nd Oclobor, 1993 and iniliaIIy vas oporaling in urban aroas foIIovod by
oxlonding ils impIomonlalion llrougloul llo counlry from 1sl ApriI, 1994 vill llo aim
lo provido soIf-ompIoymonl opporlunilios lo oducalod unompIoyod youll in llo ago group
of 18 lo 35 yoars. In Norll-Iaslorn slalos llo oIigibIo ago group is from 1840. Tloro is
a 10yoar roIaxalion for SC/ST, ox-sorvicomon/plysicaIIy landicappod and vomon, in llo
uppor ago Iimil.
- voro formod lo laIo banIing sorvicos lo ruraI aroas vill no
banIing faciIily vill llo aim lo provido inslilulionaI crodil lo llo voaIor soclions of llo
socioly caIIod largol groups as voII lo supporl produclivo aclivilios by ruraI savings. Ior
consoIidalion of RRBs, llo Govornmonl of India slarlod llo procoss of amaIgamalion, in
Soplombor 2005, duo lo vlicl 134 RRBs aro consoIidalod in lo nov 42 RRBs liII 31sl
Aug., 06 sponsorod by 18 banIs in 16 slalos.
-- is oporaling from 2nd ApriI, 1990 vill llo
aim lo promolo, financo and dovoIop smaII scaIo induslrios in llo counlry and is ongagod
in doing so llrougl inslilulions IiIo slalo financiaI corporalion, commorciaI banIs, olc.
vas oslabIislod in 1982 vill llo aim lo financo,
faciIilalos and promolos foroign lrado in India.
- is oporaling from }uIy, 1988 as vloIIy-ovnod subsidiary of
RBI, is llo apox inslilulion of lousing financo in India vill llo aim lo roguIalo and
suporviso Housing Iinanco Companios (HICs). GoIdon }ubiIoo RuraI Housing Iinanco
Sclomo boing impIomonlod llrougl ScloduIod BanIs, HICs and Co-oporalivo Soclor
Inslilulions and monilorod by NHB.
INDIAN BANKS
As on 30ll }uno, 2006, oiglloon Indian banIs lvoIvo from llo pubIic soclor and six from
llo privalo soclor lad oporalions ovorsoas, vlicl lad lloir prosonco in 47 counlrios vill
a nolvorI of 111 branclos (incIuding offsloro unils), 6 joinl vonluros, 18 subsidiarios and
34 roprosonlalivo officos. BanI of Baroda lad liglosl conconlralion, vill 39 branclos, 7
subsidiarios, ono joinl vonluro banI and 3 roprosonlalivo officos in 20 counlrios, foIIovod
by Slalo BanI of India vill 30 branclos, fivo subsidiarios, llroo joinl vonluro banIs and
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sovon roprosonlalivo officos in 29 counlrios and BanI of India vill 20 branclos, ono
subsidiary, lvo joinl vonluro banIs and llroo roprosonlalivo officos in 14 counlrios.
INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
IslabIislod on Doc. 1945 and slarlod lo oporalo in Marcl, 1947 vill loadquarlor al
Waslinglon D.C. Tlo IMI conducl ArlicIo IV consuIlalions for llo roviov of oconomic
slalus of llo mombor counlrios normaIIy onco in a yoar as a parl of ils mandalo for
inlornalionaI survoiIIanco undor llo ArlicIo of Agroomonl, vlicl is Inovn as ArlicIo IV
consuIlalion, and il loIds in lvo plasos gonoraIIy. During llis oxorciso llo IMI mission
loIds discussions vill RBI as voII vill minislrios/doparlmonls of ConlraI Govornmonl
and llon in a mooling of IMI oxoculivo Board roporls aro discussod and concIusions aro
mado al Waslinglon D.C.
INDIA AND THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND (IMF)
India is a foundor mombor and Iinanco Minislor is llo ox-officio Govornor and Govornor,
RBI is Indias AIlornalo Govornor on llo Board of Govornors of llo IMI. India is rop-
rosonlod al llo IMI by an Ixoculivo Diroclor vlo aIso roprosonls BangIadosl, Sri IanIa
and Blulan. India las slaro loIding of 1.91 por conl. Hovovor, basod on voling slaro,
India (logollor vill ils consliluoncy counlrios viz. BangIadosl, Blulan and Sri IanIa) is
ranIod 22nd in llo Iisl of 24 consliluoncy.
- India parlicipalos in llo ITI of llo IMI from 2002.
By parlicipalion in ITI, India is aIIoving IMI lo oncasl ils rupoo loIdings as parl
of ils quola conlribulion, for lard curroncy vlicl is llon Ionl lo ollor mombor
counlrios vlo aro doblors lo llo IMI.
- In }uIy, 2004, India and IMI joinl lraining programmo al llo
nalionaI Inslilulo of BanI Managomonl, Iuno vas oslabIislod. Tlo Training Irogrammo
viII provido poIicy orionlod lraining in oconomics and roIalod oporalionaI fioIds lo
Indian officiaIs and officiaIs of counlrios in Soull Asia and Iasl Africa. Tlo firsl
lraining programmo vas loId during }uIy, 2006. Tlo RBI is llo nodaI body lo
coordinalo llo lraining programmo vill llo IMI.
ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK
India as a foundor mombor oslsabiIislod ADB in Iarlnorslip vill ollor 62 mombor
counlrios in 1966 vill ils loadquarlors al ManiIa, IliIippinos vill llo aim lo promolo
oconomic and sociaI progross of ils dovoIoping mombor counlrios in llo Asia and llo Iacific
rogion. India slarlod borroving from ADBs Ordinary CapilaI Rosourcos (OCR) in 1986.
India loIds llo posilion of Ixoculivo Diroclor on llo Board of Diroclors of llo BanI
ils Consliluoncy comprisos India, BangIadosl, Blulan, Iao IDR and TajiIislan. Tlo Iinanco
Minislor is Indias Govornor on llo Board of Govornors of Asian DovoIopmonl BanI and
Socrolary (IA) is llo AIlornalo Govornor.
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FOREIGN INVESTMENT PROMOTION BOARD
IIIB, roconslilulod, on 18ll Iobruary, 2003 and lransforrod lo llo Doparlmonl of Iconomic
Affairs. Il is llo Socrolarial for oxoculing llo poIicy of llo Govornmonl on Ioroign Dirocl
Invoslmonl and nolify govornmonl docisions on proposaIs rocoivod in llo proscribod limo
Iimil of 30 days.
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
As por llo poIicy, IDI up lo 100 por conl is aIIovod, undor llo aulomalic roulo, vlicl
doos nol roquiro prior approvaI oillor by llo Govornmonl of India or llo Rosorvo BanI
of India (RBI) bul Invoslors musl nolify and fiIo nocossary documonl vill llo concornod
RogionaI offico of RBI vill in 30 days of rocoipl of invard romillancos and villin llo
30 days of issuo of slaros lo foroign invoslors rospoclivoIy vloro as udor llo Govornmonl
approvaI roulo, appIicalions for IDI proposaIs, ollor llan NRIs, and proposaIs for IDI
in SingIo Brand producl rolaiIing, aro rocoivod in llo Doparlmonl of Iconomic Affairs,
M/o Iinanco. IroposaIs for IDI in SingIo Brand producl rolaiIing by llo NRIs aro
rocoivod in llo Doparlmonl of InduslriaI IoIicy and Iromolion, M/o Commorco and
Induslry.
Ioroign Invoslmonls in oquily capilaI of an Indian company undor llo IorlfoIio Invosl-
monl Sclomo aro nol villin llo ambil of IDI poIicy and aro govornod by soparalo
roguIalions of RBI/Socurilios and Ixclango Board of India (SIBI).
Currently, FDI is prohibited for the following sectors:
(i) RolaiI lrading (oxcopl SingIo Brand Iroducl rolaiIing),
(ii) Alomic onorgy,
(iii) Iollory businoss,
(iv) GambIing and Bolling
AII Aclivilios/Soclors vouId roquiro poriod Govornmonl approvaI for IDI in llo foI-
Ioving circumslancos:
(i) Wloro provisions of Iross Nolo (2005 Sorios) aro allracod,
(ii) Wloro moro llan 24 por conl foroign oquily is proposod lo bo induclod for
manufacluring of iloms rosorvod for llo SmaII ScaIo Soclor.
INVESTMENT COMMISSION
Iormod in Docombor, 2004 vill broad aullorily lo ongago, discuss vill and invilo
domoslic and foroign businossos lo invosl in India. Tlo Commissions roporl of Iobruary,
2006 lilIod Invoslmonl Slralogy for India loIIs llal for suslaining grovll al ovor 8 por
conl por annum viII roquiro an incroaso in invoslmonl IovoIs from approximaloIy 28 por
conl of GDI lo aboul 32 por conl of GDI. Wlicl noods cumuIalivo invoslmonl of aboul
$ 1.5 lriIIion in llo noxl fivo yoars.
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Tlo Commission sludiod 25 Ioy soclors spanning Infraslrucluro, Manufacluring, Sor-
vicos, NaluraI Rosourcos and llo KnovIodgo Iconomy. Tloy roprosonl a significanl parl
of llo oconomy and vouId roquiro an aggrogalo invoslmonl of US$ 525 US$ 550 biIIion
ovor llo noxl 5 yoars.
IorliIisors (Conslilulod on 28 }anuary, 1997, Submillod
Roporl on ApriI 3, 1998)
Sugar Induslry (Conslilulod in Marcl, 1997, Submillod Roporl
on ApriI, 15, 1998)
AgricuIluro Crodil (Conslilulod in Docombor, 1997. Submillod
- BanIing Roforms (Consililulod in 1997, Submillod
DovoIopmonl Iinanco Inslilulions (Conslilulod by RBI,
Submillod Roporl on ApriI, 24, 1998)
DoIisilng in Slaro MarIol (Conslilulod by SIBI in Iob., 1997)
NABARDs roIo in RRB (Conslilulod in }anuary, 1998,
Submillod Roporl on ApriI 27, 1998
Army Iay ScaIos (Conslilulod in Docombor 1997, Submillod
Roporl in ApriI, 1998)
Company Informalion (Conslilulod by SIBI, Submillod Roporl
on Oclobor 27, 1998)
RoIalions of IoIilicians vill CriminaIs (Conslilulod on
Soplombor 8, 1997)
WorIing Condilions ATCOS (Submillod Roporl in Soplombor,
1997)
SimpIifaclion of Transfor RuIos in Socurilios MarIol (Conslilulod
by SIBI)
Roforming Slip Acl, 1908 and Slip Trusl Acl, 1963.
Crodil & IIov IrobIoms of SSIS (Conslilulod by RBI in
Docombor 1997)
Ionsion Sclomo for Unorganisod Soclor.
Sugar Induslry.
- Aulo IuoI IoIicy.
Roslrucluring llo CommorciaI BanIs.
Roviov of Incomo Tax Robalos.
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Incroaso in Molor VolicIo Tax.
- DovoIopmonl of Domoslic Toa Induslry.
Iong Torm Iood IoIicy.
Tax Slrucluro Roforms.
Company Iav Rofroms.
Infraslrucluro Iinancing.
INSURANCE DIVISION
Life Insurance Corporation of India
IIC oslabiIislod in 1956 las ils conlraI offico in Mumbai vill sovon ZonaI Officos al
Mumbai, KoIIala, DoIli, Clonnai, Hydorabad, Kanpur and BlopaI. An ovorsoas subsidiary,
Iifo Insuranco Corporalion (InlornalionaI) I.C. Balrain (oslabIislod in 1989). }oinl von-
luros, Kon-India Assuranco Company Iimilod, Nairobi, a rogislorod joinl vonluro in
coIIaboralion vill VislaI Group Iimilod, Iifo Insuranco Corporalion (NopaI) Iimilod,
Kallmandu, NopaI IocaI induslriaI Group, IIC (IanIa) Ild., llo Ialosl joinl vonluro
subsidiary vill M/s BarlIool & Company Ild., in Sri IanIa on 1sl Marcl, 2003. An off-
sloro company IIC (Maurilius) off-sloro Iimilod vas rogislorod lo lap llo African
insuranco marIol.
Social Security Group Insurance Scheme
SSI, formod in 198889, vill llo aim lo provido sociaI socurily llrougl Group Insuranco
Sclomo lo llo voaIor and vuInorabIo soclions of llo socioly and is adminislorod by IIC.
IoopIo boIonging lo 24 occupalionaI groups/aroas lavo boon covorod undor llis sclomo.
Tlo sclomo aIong vill RuraI group Iifo insuranco sclomo las boon ropIacod by }anslroo
Bima Yojana from Augusl, 2000. Bul llo ronovaI of llo groups covorod oarIior is pormillod.
Janashree Bima Yojana
Iaunclod on 10ll Augusl, 2000, lo provido an insuranco covor of ` 20,000 vill llo promium
200 por mombor on naluraI doall. On doall/lolaI pormanonl disabiIily duo lo accidonl,
llo bonofil is ` 50,000 incroasod lo ` 75,000 v.o.f. 15ll Augusl, 2006. On parliaI pormanonl
disabiIily duo lo accidonl, llo bonofil is ` 25,000 incroasod lo ` 37,500 v.o.f. 15ll Augusl
2006. 50 por conl promium viII bo mol oul of SociaI Socurily Iund. Tlo baIanco promium
is lo bo borno by llo mombor and/or NodaI Agoncy.
Krishi Shramik Samajik Suraksha Yojana
Slarlod in 1sl }uIy, 2001 for llo agricuIluraI vorIors, lo provido Iifo insuranco proloclion,
poriodicaI Iump sum survivaI bonofil and ponsion lo lloso vlo voro bolvoon llo ago of
1850 yoars. Gram Ianclayal vas lo acl as nodaI agoncy and vill llo loIp of NGO/SHG
or any ollor agoncy, vouId idonlify llo agricuIluraI vorIors. SaIo of nov poIicios disconlinuod
INDIA 2011
163
from Docombor, 2003. No nov Iivos aro lo bo addod ovon undor oxisling sclomos al llo
limo of ronovaI.
Shiksha Sahayog Yojana
Iaunclod on 31sl Docombor, 2001, vill llo aim lo provido scloIarslips (` 300 por qlr por
cliId for max. 4 yoars and max 2 clidron of llo mombor covorod undor }anslroo bima
yojna) lo sludonls of paronls Iiving boIov or marginaIIy abovo povorly Iino and vlo aro
covorod undor }anaslroo Bima Yojana and aro sludying in 9ll lo 12ll slandard (incIuding
ITI coursos) No promium is clargod.
General Insurance Corporation of India
Il vas approvod as llo Indian Roinsuror on 3rd Nov. 2000 and slarlod ils fuII fIodgod
oporalion on llo 1sl ApriI, 2003 vill llo aim lo oplimiso llo rolonlion villin llo counlry
and dovoIoping adoqualo roinsuranco capacily.
Public Sector General Insurers Association of India
NalionaI Insuranco Company Ild., Nov India Assuranco Company Ild., OrionlaI Insuranco
Company Ild., and Unilod India Insuranco Company Ild., formod an associalion Inovn
as GIISA vill loadquarlors in DoIli aflor dolacling from GIC in 2000.
Agriculture Insurance Company of India Limited
IslabiIislod on 20ll Doc. 2002 undor llo Companios Acl, 1956 vill llo capilaI parlicipalion
from GonoraI Insuranco Corporalion of India, mombors of GIISA and NABARD for agri
roIalod insuranco.
- Iaunclod from Rabi 19992000 soason aflor
ropIacing comprlonsivo crop insuranco sclomo by India govornmonl in associalion vill
GIC.
- Iaunclod on piIol basis in rabi 200304 iniliaIIy for
vloal and paddy vill an oxlonsion in Ilarif 2004 vill llo aim lo provido incomo
proloclion lo farmors
- - Iaunclod during 2004 soull-vosl monsoon poriod
is providod for fivo difforonl oplions doponding roquiromonls of farming communily
as (i) soasonaI rainfaII insuranco basod on aggrogalo rainfaII from }uno lo Soplombor
(ii) soving faiIuro insuranco basod on rainfaII bolvoon 15ll }uno and 15ll Augusl,
(iii) rainfaII dislribulion insuranco vill voigll assignod lo difforonl vooIs bolvoon
}uno and Soplombor, (iv) agronomic indox conslruclod on llo basis of valor roquiromonls
of crops al difforonl plono-plasos, (v) calaslroplo oplion, covoring oxlromoIy advorso
dovialion of 50 por conl and abovo in rainfaII during llo soason.
- - Tlo sclomo providos for roimbursomonl
of modicaI oxponsos up lo ` 30,000 lovards lospilaIisalion fIoalod ruraI and sociaI
soclors, and Iiconsing of agonls, corporalo agonls, broIors, andllird parly adminislralors.
INDIA 2011
164
Disinvestment
Irom 199192 lo 19992000, Govornmonl disinvoslod ils oquily in ConlraI IubIic Soclor
Inlorprisos (CISIs) llrougl saIo of minorily slaros in smaII Iols vliIo from 19992000
lo 200304, disinvoslmonl is dono llrougl slralogic saIo IiIo saIo of a Iargo bIocI of slaro
aIongvill managomonl conlroI lo a slralogic parlnor idonlifiod llrougl compolilivo bid-
ding. Aflor 20042005, disinvoslmonl roaIisalions lavo boon dono llrougl saIo of smaII
porlions of oquily.
Tlo lolaI procoods from disinvoslmonl bolvoon 19911992 and 31sl May, 2008 amounlod
lo ` 53,423.03 croro, consisling of llo foIIoving:
-
( )
Rocoipls llrougl saIo of minorily 35,358.01 66.18
slaroloIding in CISIs
Rocoipls llrougl saIo of majorily 1317.23 2.47
slaroloIding of ono CISI lo anollor CISI
Rocoipls llrougl Slralogic saIo 6,344.35 11.88
Rocoipls from ollor roIalod lransaclions 4,005.17 7.50
Rocoipls from saIo of rosiduaI slaroloIding 6,398.27 11.98
disinvoslod CISIs/companios

- - NalionaI Invoslmonl Iund (NII) vas
conslilulod on 1sl ApriI, 2005 inlo vlicl llo rolurns from disinvoslmonl of Govornmonl
oquily in CISIs vouId bo Iopl. Il vouId bo mainlainod oulsido llo ConsoIidalod Iund
of India and 75 por conl of llo annuaI rolurn viII bo usod lo financo soIoclod sociaI soclor
sclomos, vloroas rosl 25 por conl usod lo mool llo capilaI invoslmonl roquiromonls of
profilabIo and rovivabIo CISIs llal yioId adoqualo rolurns, in ordor lo onIargo lloir capilaI
baso lo financo oxpansion/divorsificalion.
Capital Market Division
Tlo CapilaI MarIol Division is rosponsibIo for formuIaling poIicios roIalod lo proloclion
of llo inlorosl of invoslors in socurilios and promolion of llo dovoIopmonl of and llo
roguIalion of llo socurilios marIols. Ior llo samo il Adminislors llo Socurilios Conlracls
(RoguIalion) Acl, 1956, Socurilios and Ixclango Board of India Acl, 1992 and llo Dopos-
ilorios Acl, 1996.
External Commercial Borrowings
ICBs rofor lo commorciaI Ioans, in llo form of banI Ioans, buyors crodil, suppIiors crodil,
socurilisod inslrumonls ( fIoaling ralo nolos and fixod ralo bonds) avaiIod from non-rosidonl
INDIA 2011
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Iondors vill a minimum avorago malurily of 3 yoars. Tlo ICBs aro approvod villin an ovoraII
annuaI coiIing, consislonl vill prudonl dobl managomonl, Iooping in viov llo baIanco of
paymonls posilion and llo IovoI of foroign oxclango rosorvos of llo counlry. Govornmonl
announcod amondmonls lo llo ICB poIicy on 3rd }uno, 2005 and in }anuary, 2006.
Pension Reforms
On 23rd Augusl, 2003, llo Govornmonl docidod lo inlroduco a nov roslruclurod dofinod
conlribulion ponsion syslom caIIod Nov Ionsion Syslom (NIS) for nov onlranls lo ConlraI
Govornmonl sorvico, oxcopl lo Armod Iorcos, in llo firsl slago, ropIacing llo oxisling
dofinod bonofil syslom. Il vas oporalionaIisod from 1sl }anuary, 2004 llrougl a nolificalion
dalod 22nd Docombor, 2003. An inlorim Ionsion Iund RoguIalory and DovoIopmonl
Aullorily (IIRDA) vas conslilulod llrougl a Govornmonl rosoIulion dalod 10ll Oclobor,
2003 as a procursor lo a slaluary roguIalor and bocamo oporalionaI from 1sl }anuary, 2004.
TiII llo arclilocluro is fuIIy in pIaco, llo ConlraI Ionsion Accounling Offico (CIAO) undor
llo ConlroIIor GonoraI of Accounls, Doparlmonl of Ixpondiluro is acling as llo inlorim
ConlraI RocordIooping Agoncy (CRA). Conlribulions aro curronlIy boing crodilod inlo llo
pubIic accounl oaring a rolurn oquaI lo llo GII ralo. A BiII providing for a roguIalory
framovorI for llo ponsion soclor undor llo Ionsion Iund RoguIalory and DovoIopmonl
Aullorily vas inlroducod in IarIiamonl on 21sl Marcl, 2005 and vas roforrod lo llo
Slanding Commilloo on Iinanco. Tlo Commilloo prosonlod lloir roporl in IarIiamonl on
26ll }uIy, 2005. Tlo rocommondalions of llo Commilloo lavo boon oxaminod and a
proposaI for amonding llo IIRDA BiII, 2005, basod on llo rocommondalions of llo
Commilloo is undor llo Govornmonls considoralion. Tlo BiII proposos llal llo main
mandalo of IIRDA is lo roguIalo llo NIS, as amondod from limo lo limo by llo ConlraI
Govornmonl. Ionsion Sclomos aIroady covorod undor llo ImpIoyoos Irovidonl Iund &
MiscoIIanoous Irovisions Acl, 1952 and ollor onaclmonls vouId bo spocificaIIy oxcIudod
from llo arclilocluro of llo NIS incIuding llo ConlraI RocordIooping Agoncy (CRA) and
ponsion funds. Iurllor, llo BiII providos llal IIRDA viII framo invoslmonl guidoIinos for
ponsion funds. Tloro aro provisions ompovoring IIRDA lo imposo slringonl ponaIlios for
any vioIalion of llo Iav and lo croalo a spociaI fund, lo bo usod for oducaling and
prolocling llo inlorosls of subscribors lo sclomos of ponsion funds.
National Institute of Financial Management
IslabiIislod 1993 undor llo Minislry of Iinanco, Doparlmnol of Ixpondiluro as a socioly,
rogislorod undor Sociolios Rogislralion Acl, 1860 lo imparl IrofossionaI lraining lo diroclIy
rocruilod Group A Irobalionors of various Iinanco and Accounls Sorvicos.
Staff Inspection Unit
Tlo Slaff Inspoclion Unil (SIU) vas formod in 1964 vill llo objoclivo of socuring oconomy
in llo slaffing of Govornmonl Organisalions consislonl vill adminislralivo officioncy and
ovoIving porformanco slandards and vorI norms.
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Controller General of Accounts (CGA)
According lo ArlicIo 150 of llo Conslilulion of India llo accounls of llo Union and llo
Slalos slaII bo Iopl in sucl form as llo Irosidonl may on llo advico of CoplroIIor and
Audilor GonoraI of India proscribo. Tlis funclion of llo Irosidonl las boon aIIocalod lo
CoplroIIor GonoraI of Accounls in lorms of ArlicIo 77(3) of Conslilulion of India. Tlo
CoplroIIor GonoraI of Accounls (CGA) is llo principIo advisor lo llo Govornmonl of India
on accounling mallor and is rosponsibIo for oslabIisling and mainlaining a sound and
officionl accounling and financiaI roporling syslom.
- - Tlo CGA proscribos gonoraI principIos and form
of accounls of govornmonl roIaling lo Union as voII as Slalo govornmonls and framos
ruIos and manuaIs roIaling llorolo.
- - Tlo CGA,
llrougl Cliof ConlroIIor/ConlroIIor of Accounls and lloir Iay and Accounls Officos,
carrios oul llo budgol conlroI, paymonls, rocoipls coIIoclion and accounling funclions
of llo Union.
Tlo CGA providos roguIar foodbacI lo llo Iinanco Minislor
and ollor Iino Minislrios on llo slalus of Govornmonl financos.
- Tlo CGAprovidos advico lo aII Minislrios/
Doparlmonls and Slalo Govornmonls on various accounling mallors.
-- - Tlo CGA is aIso rosponsibIo for disbursomonl and
accounling of ponsion paymonls lo Govornmonl ompIoyoos roliring from aII civiI
minislrios.
Tlo InlornaI Audil funclion is carriod oul vill llo loIp of InlornaI
Audil unils in ovory Minislry, suporvisod by llo rospoclivo ConlroIIor of Accounls,
llo Inspoclion Wing of CGA aIso providos guidanco lo llo ConlroIIor of Accounls
on llis subjocl.
- -- - Tlo ConlroIIor GonoraI of Accounls
is rosponsibIo for ovaIualing and procossing llo proposaIs roIaling lo llo capilaI
roslrucluring of various pubIic soclor undorlaIings (ISUs) of llo Union Govornmonl
and ils submission lo llo Minislry of Iinanco.
- Tlo CGA managos llo cadro of llo Indian CiviI
Accounls Sorvico (ICAS) and llo onliro accounls porsonnoI dopIoyod in civiI minislrios
and is rosponsibIo for llo onliro gamul of porsonnoI managomonl incIuding lloir
rocruilmonl, lransfors, promolions, lraining, and capacily buiIding boll villin llo
counlry as voII as abroad, and poriodicaI roviovs of cadro slrongll and dislribulion.
Tlo Inslilulo of Govornmonl Accounls and Iinanco (INGAI) las boon solup
in llo yoar 1992 undor llo CGA lo mool llo lraining noods of llo CiviI Accounls
porsonnoI.
Moniloring CoII in offico of CGA is onlruslod vill
moniloring llo progross of submission by Minislrios of romodiaI/corroclivo Aclion
INDIA 2011
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IIan TaIon Nolos on rocommondalions of IubIic Accounls Commilloo (IAC), as
conlainod in lloir roporls from limo lo limo.
- - Tlo IIan Accounling & IubIic Iinanco
Sclomo aIso Inovn as ConlraI IIan Sclomos Moniloring Syslom is boing impIomonlod
by ConlroIIor GonoraI of Accounls v.o.f. 01042008 lo oslabIisl a comprolonsivo
docision supporl syslom and Managomonl Informalion Syslom in rospocl of IIan
Sclomo.
Central Sales Tax (CST)
Tlo ConlraI SaIos Tax is Ioviod by llo conlraI govormonl by virluo of Inlry 92A of llo
union Iisl bul by llo slalo il is IoviabIo by viluo of ArlicIo 269 undor llo provisions of
llo ConlraI SaIos Tax Acl, 1956 on llo saIo of goods of llo courso of inlor-Slalo lrado or
commorco. Il is an accoplod facl llal llo CST, boing an origin-basod lax, is inconsislonl
vill VAT (vlicl is a doslinalion basod lax). As voII as CST is a cascading-lypo laxod sinco
il is nol ro-balabIo againsl VAT. Honco, il is agrood llal CST slouId bo plasod oul. In
facl, aflor oxlonsivo consuIlalions bolvoon llo Conlro and llo Slalos, llo roadmap for
plasing oul llo CST by 31.3.2010 ( boforo llo dalo appoinlod for inlroduclion of GST)
las boon finaIizod and llo procoss of plasing oul of llo CST las boon slarlod vill
roduclion in CST from 4 lo 3 v.o.f. 01.04.2007 and furllor from 3 lo 2 v.o.f. 1sl
}uno, 2008.
State Level Value Added Tax (Vat)
Inlroduclion of Slalo VAT is llo mosl significanl lax roform moasuro al Slalo IovoI. Tlo
Slalo VAT las ropIacod llo oarIior SaIos Tax sysloms of llo Slalos. VAT, boing a lax on
saIo or purclaso of goods villin a Slalo is a Slalo Subjocl by virluo of Inlry 54 of Iisl
II (Slalo Iisl) of llo Sovonll ScloduIo of llo Conslilulion of India. Tlo Govornmonl of
India las conslilulod an Impovorod Commilloo of Slalo Iinanco Minislors (IC) lo do-
Iiboralo upon and docido aII issuos concorning SaIos Tax Roforms/Slalo VAT. Tlo Slalo VAT
las boon inlroducod by aII llo Slalos/UTs oxcopl Ullar Iradosl.
Sinco SaIos Tax/VAT is a Slalo subjocl, llo ConlraI Govornmonl las boon pIaying llo
roIo of a faciIilalor for succossfuI impIomonlalion of VAT.
Goods and Services Tax (GST)
Goods and Sorvicos Tax (GST) moans laxalion of goods and sorvicos in an inlogralod
mannor nol soparaloIy. Tlo Iino of domarcalion bolvoon goods and sorvicos is golling
bIurrod, vlicl las mado soparalo laxalion of goods and sorvicos unlonabIo. Inlogralod
Goods & Sorvico Tax (GST), basod on VAT principIos, las ovoIvod as llo mosl modorn
and officionl form of indirocl laxalion and llo samo las boon adoplod by a Iargo numbor
of counlrios (incIuding IodoraI counlrios) around llo vorId. Tlo ConlraI Govornmonl las
sol 01.04.2010 as llo largol dalo for inlroduclion of GST.
INDIA 2011
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Directorate of Enforcement
Tlo Dirocloralo of Inforcomonl is mainIy concornod vill llo Inforcomonl of llo provi-
sions of llo Ioroign Ixclango Managomonl Acl (IIMA), 1999, bosido impIomonlalion of
Irovonlion of Monoy Iaundoring Acl (IMIA), 2002, v.o.f. 1.7.2005. Tlo Dirocloralo is aIso
rosponsibIo for adjudicalion of llo Ioroign Ixclango RoguIalion Acl, 1973 (IIRA) casos
(ropoaIod Acl) and foIIov-up of prosoculions fiIod undor llo orslvliIo IIRA.
Tlo marIol roguIalor, llo Socurilios and Ixclango Board of India (SIBI) bocamo a
slalulory body in 1992. Tlrougl an amondmonl in 1999, SIBI vas ompovorod lo
roguIalo coIIoclivo invoslmonl sclomos and pIanlalion sclomos.
IAN las boon mado llo soIo idonlificalion numbor for aII lransaclions in socurilios marIol.
SIBI las mado il compuIsory for companios coming oul vill IIOs of oquily slaros
lo gol lloir IIOs gradod by al Ioasl ono crodil raling agoncy rogislorod vill SIBI
from May 1, 2007.
IM lad announcod in llo Budgol Spoocl 201011, llo croalion of a IinanciaI SlabiIily
and DovoIopmonl CounciI (ISDC) lo slrongllon and inslilulionaIizo llo moclanism
for mainlaining financiaI slabiIily and monilor macro prudonliaI suporvision of llo
oconomy incIuding funclioning of Iargo financiaI congIomoralos and addross inlor-
roguIalory coordinalion issuos, villoul projudico lo llo aulonomy of roguIalors.
In llo budgol (201011) spoocl llo croalion of a IinanciaI Soclor IogisIalivo
Roforms Commission (ISIRC) vas announcod. Il vas liglIigllod llal mosl of
our IogisIalions govorning llo financiaI soclor aro vory oId. Iargo numbor of
amondmonls lo lloso Acls mado al difforonl poinls of limo las aIso incroasod
ambiguily and compIoxily. Tlo ISIRC is going lo bo onlruslod vill llo lasI of
rovriling and cIoaning up llo financiaI soclor Iavs lo bring llom in Iino vill llo
roquiromonl of llo soclor.
India las boon borroving from llo WorId BanI llrgugl InlornalionaI BanI for
Roconslruclion and DovoIopmonl (IBRD) and InlornalionaI DovoIopmonl Associalion
(IDA) for various dovoIopmonl projocls in llo aroas of povorly roduclion infraslrucluro,
ruraI dovoIopmonl, olc. IDA funds aro ono of llo mosl concossionaI oxlornaI Ioans
for Govornmonl of India and aro usod IargoIy in sociaI soclor projocls llal conlribulo
lo llo acliovomonl of MiIIonnium DovoIopmonl GoaIs.
BanIing Ombudsman Sclomo is in oporalion sinco 1995. Tlo sclomo vorIs undor llo
conlroI and suporvision of Rosorvo BanI of India (RBI). BanIing Ombudsman is an
indopondonl body vill IogaI povors lo sollIo dispulos quicIIy and inoxponsivoIy.
Tlo NalionaI BanI for AgricuIluro and RuraI DovoIopmonl (NABARD) camo inlo
oxislonco on 12ll }uIy, 1982. NABARD vas oslabIislod for providing crodil for
promolion of agricuIluro, smaII-scaIo induslrios, collago and viIIago induslrios,
landicrafls and ollor aIIiod oconomic aclivilios in ruraI aroas vill a viov lo promoling
inlogralod ruraI dovoIopmonl and socuring prosporily of ruraI aroas.
India las signod Cusloms MuluaI Assislanco Agroomonl, momorandum of
undorslanding vill various counlrios lo promolo slaring of inloIIigonco and provido
invosligalivo assislanco lo curb duly ovasion.
INDIA 2011
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Uso of NalionaI Imporl Dalabaso (NIDB) loIps in dolocling undor-vaIualion of imporlod
goods, vlicl las boon roporlod lo bo llo ofl-usod roulo for Cusloms commorciaI
frauds.
InloIIigonco Supporl Syslom (ISS) providors for dovoIopmonl of inloIIigonco and for
anaIyzing macro IovoI inpuls inlo macro IovoI vorIabIo inloIIigonco. Tlis syslom las
rosuIlod in doloclion of commorciaI fraud and ovasion of cusloms duly.
ECONOMIC SURVEY 201011
AnnuaI Iconomic Survoy for 201011 undorIinos llo viov llal llo Indian Iconomy las
omorgod vill romaIabIo rapidily from llo sIovdovn causod by llo gIobaI financiaI crisos
of 200709. Survoy prodicls llal llo oconomy is oxpoclod lo broacl llo 9 por conl marI
in 201112.
(I) Economy: Present State and Prospects
Rocovoring from llo sIovdovn causod by gIobaI financiaI crisis, llo GDI grovll
ralo in 201011 is oxpoclod al 8.6 porconl as comparod lo 8 porconl in 200910 on
accounl of posilivo grovll in agricuIluro soclor al 5.4 porconl coupIod vill llo
induslriaI and llo sorvico soclors groving al 8.6 and 9.6 porconl rospoclivoIy.
GDI grovll is oxpoclod lo rovorl lo pro-crisis IovoIs al around 9 porconl (+/ 0.25
porconl) in 201011 on llo basis of posilivo momonlum in savings and invoslmonls
ralo.
Tlo sorvicos soclor las pIayod a dominanl roIo in llo Indian oconomy vill a 57.3
porconl slaro in llo GDI.
Savings and invoslmonls ralo for 200910 is oslimalod al 33.7 and 36.5 porconl
rospoclivoIy vill llo savingsinvoslmonls gap oslimalod al 2.8 porconl.
Ioroign oxclango rosorvos of 297.3 biIIion al llo ond of Docombor, 2010, sloving
an incroaso of US$ 18.2 biIIion ovor llo ondMarcl, 2010 IovoI mainIy on accounl
of vaIualion clangos.
Tlo WloIosaIo Irico Indox is oslimalod lo romain al an oIovalod IovoI of aboul 9.4
porconl for ApriI lo Docombor, 2010 primariIy on accounl of ligl food infIalion al
18 porconl.
(II) Macroeconomic Developments
Rogarding food infIalion and lloroby lo curlaiI margin bolvoon farm galo and rolaiI
pricos, llo Iconomic Survoy las suggoslod foroign dirocl invoslmonl (IDI) in muIli-
producl rolaiI inlo India. A roguIalory slrucluro, incIuding moasuros sucl as anli-
lrusl Iavs, couId bo inlroducod villin vlicl llo foroign companios couId funclion.
Il is aIso suggoslod llal llo IDI couId iniliaIIy bo inlroducod in fov major cilios so
as lo provonl llom from conlroIIing llo marIol.
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Tlo govornmonl las aIso pul forll nov inilialivos, fov iIIuslralions monlionod boIov:
(a) Slralogios lo roIoaso food grains in smaII balclos lo avoid monopoIios.
(b) Tlo Iood Socurily BiII lo considor spociaI roIiof sucl as issuo of smarl cards
al subsidizod ralos lo llo largolod poor lousoloIds. Tloso smarl cards can bo
usod lo purclaso al IDS sloros al marIol prico. Tlis vouId radicaIIy aIlor llo
prosonl pubIic dislribulion syslom and pIug llo IooploIos as voII as roduco
corruplion.
(c) DovoIoping Tourism induslry by improving in visa and immigralion sorvicos
aIong vill croaling moro conducivo infraslrucluraI faciIilios
(d) To dovoIop India as oducalion lub and largol liglor gross onroImonl ralio (GIR)
from llo curronl IovoIs of 13.5 porconl lo a largol of 30 porconl villin a docado
from nov.
(III) Fiscal Development and Public Finance
Tlo gross Tax-GDI ralio is oxpoclod lo marginaIIy docIino lo 9.5 porconl in 2010
11 (dirocl lax boing 5.4 porconl and indirocl lax boing 4.1 porconl) from 9.6 in 2009
10 (dirocl lax boing 5.7 porconl and indirocl lax boing 3.9 porconl).
Ior 201011, IiscaI, Rovonuo and Irimary doficils aro pIacod al 4.8 porconl, 3.5
porconl and 1.7 porconl of GDI rospoclivoIy. Govornmonl lad an oslimalod INR 3021
biIIion as IIan oxpondiluro, oquivaIonl lo 4.6 porconl of llo GDI.
Grovll in llo gross lax rovonuo in llo nino monlls of ApriI lo Docombor, 2010 vas
26.8 porconl (yoar-on-yoar).
Tlo non-lax rovonuo grov by aboul 136.4 porconl in llo firsl nino monlls of llo
curronl fiscaI (primariIy oul of llo 3G and BWA bonanza). Rovonuo rocoipls grov
by ovor 50 porconl during llo samo poriod.
Indirocl Taxos is oslimalod lo incroaso by 19.1 porconl vill rovonuo from Cusloms
Dulios incroasing by 36.5 porconl, Ixciso Dulios incroasing by 26.1 porconl and
Sorvico Tax by 16.3 porconl.
(IV) Prices and Monetary Control
During llo yoar, in Soplombor, 2010, a nov WloIosaIo Irico Indox (WII) sorios vas
roIoasod, laIing inlo accounl llo nov sorios of WII vill baso 200405 and aIso
subsoquonl rovision in III.
Tlo annuaI avorago infIalion ralo-baso on WII vas 18 porconl for primary arlicIos,
12.3 porconl for fuoI and povor and 5.3 porconl for manufaclurod producls. Tlo
annuaI avorago WII for aII commodilios vas 9.4 porconl.
During 201011 llo RBI raisod llo poIicy ralos six limos vloroby llo ropo ralo undor
llo Iiquidily adjuslmonl faciIily (IAI) las cumuIalivoIy boon incroasod by 175 basis
poinls (bps) lo sland al 6.5 porconl and llo rovorso ropo ralo by 225 bps lo 5.5 porconl.
INDIA 2011
171
(v) Financial Intermediation and Markets
During llo financiaI yoar 201011, llo grovll porconlagos in scloduIod commorciaI
banIs (SCBs) for banI crodil, aggrogalo doposils and invoslmonls voro 12.2, 6.8 and
4.2 rospoclivoIy.
Concornod aboul llo non-roguIalod grovll in llo micro-financo soclor llo govornmonl
las draflod a Micro-IinanciaI Soclor (DovoIopmonl and RoguIalion) BiII 2010.
Tlo sIuggisl grovll in doposils sIovod llo grovll ralo of banIs during 200910
lo 15 porconl. Non-porforming assols of banIs roso (2.39 porconl of gross advancos)
during yoar 200910 vliIo lloir capilaI adoquacy ralio (CRAR) romainod rallor
loaIlly al 13.6 porconl.
Tlo lolaI numbor of NBICs rogislorod vill llo RBI vas 12630 in ond of }uno, 2010.
Tlo ralio of doposils of roporling NBICs lo aggrogalo doposils of scloduIod commorciaI
banIs droppod lo 0.36 porconl in ond-Marcl, 2010.
Tlo Indian capilaI marIol romainod slrong during llo yoar maIing gains for oigll
quarlors in a rov, llo Iongosl run in al Ioasl 20 yoars. Tlo nol gain during 2010 for
llo capilaI marIol vas 18 porconl. Tlo moan sizo of IIOs incroasod by 30.6 porconl
lo INR 82.7 biIIion as comparod lo llo Iasl yoar.
Insuranco ponolralion (ralio of promium undorvrillon in a givon yoar lo llo GDI)
incroasod lo 5.39 in 2009. Tlo major inilialivos undorlaIon by IRDA incIudo amongsl
ollors amondmonls lo llo Insuranco Acl, IRDA Acl and GonoraI Insuranco Businoss
(NalionaIisalion) Acl, formuIalion of Micro Insuranco roguIalion, capping of UIII
clargos, and IIO guidoIinos.
(VI) Balance of Payments (BoP) Developments
Tlo oxporls in ApriI-Docombor 2010 vonl up by 29.5 porconl vliIo llo imporls during
llo samo poriod rogislorod a grovll ralo of 19 porconl. Tlo lrado doficil incroasod
lo US$ 82 biIIion in llo samo poriod.
Nol CapilaI IIovs al US$ 36.7 biIIion in firsl laIf of 201011 voro liglor as comparod
lo US$ 23 biIIion in llo firsl laIf of 200910.
India vill a rosorvo of US$ 297.3 biIIion al llo ond of Docombor, 2010 is nov llo
4ll Iargosl foroign oxclango rosorvo loIdor in llo vorId.
Tlo monllIy avorago oxclango ralo of llo rupoo las boon in llo rango of INR
4447 por US$ bolvoon ApriIDocombor 2010.
Nol IDI infIov vas marginaIIy Iovor al US$ 18.8 biIIion in 200910 as comparod vill
US$ 19.8 biIIion in 200809.
IorlfoIio invoslmonl vilnossod nol infIovs of 32.4 biIIion incIuding III nol infIov
of 29 biIIion in 200910.
Tlo Govornmonl noods lo combal llo Ioy claIIongos namoIy llo conlinuing sovoroign
dobl risI in poriploraI ouro-zono counlrios, fragiIo gIobaI rocovory and unslabIo IDI
infIovs.
INDIA 2011
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(VII) Foreign Trade
Tlo gIobaI oconomy oslimalod lo go by 5 porconl as por WorId Iconomic OulIooI
(WIO) in 2010.
WorId Trado roaclod US$ 7.03 lriIIion in firsl laIf of 2010 vill a grovll ralo of 24
porconl. Grovll in vorId lrado voIumo is oxpoclod lo modoralo in 2011 and 2012
lo 7.1 porconl and 6.8 porconl rospoclivoIy.
Indias slaro in vorId morclandiso oxporl las roaclod 1.4 porconl in }anuary}uno,
2010 as comparod lo 1.3 porconl in 2009.
(VIII) Agriculture and Food Control
As por 201011 advanco oslimalos, agricuIluro and aIIiod soclor accounlod for
14.2 porconl of llo GDI (agricuIluro 12.3 porconl, foroslry 1.5 porconl and fislorios
0.8 porconl) as againsl 14.6 porconl in 200910.
To acliovo llo pIan largol grovll of agricuIluro al 4 porconl during llo 20072012
poriods, agricuIluro soclor noods lo grov al 8.5 porconl during 201112. Nood lo
significanlIy slop up invoslmonl in agricuIluro boll by privalo and pubIic soclors lo
onsuro suslainod grovll.
Tlo food grain produclion during 201011 is oslimalod 232.07 biIIion lonnos up from
218.1 biIIion lonnos in 200910. Will a roIalivoIy good monsoon llo agricuIluro- soclor
is oxpoclod lo grov al 5.4 porconl during 201011.
Tlo Iorvards MarIols Commission, llo roguIalor for commodily fuluros lrading
undor llo provisions of llo Iorvard Conlracl (RoguIalion) Acl, 1952, conlinuod ils
offorls lo slrongllon and broad baso llo marIol during 2010. Iour NalionaI Commodily
Spol Ixclangos voro sol up lrading in moro llan 30 commodilios laving doIivory
Iocalions sproad ovor 15 slalos.
Tlo ConlraIIy sponsorod NalionaI Mission on Micro Irrigalion (NMMI) vas Iaunclod
in }uno, 2010 for onlancing valoruso officioncy by adopling drip and sprinIIor
irrigalion sysloms in aII Slalos and UTs for boll agricuIluraI and lorlicuIluraI crops.
(ix) Industry
Grovll in llo induslriaI soclor vas buoyanl during ApriISoplombor, 2010. Tlo
manufacluring soclor grov al a robusl ralo of 12.6 porconl and 9.9 porconl in llo
firsl lvo quarlors of 201011 rospoclivoIy. Tloroaflor, induslriaI oulpul grovll las
bogun lo modoralo in Iino vill gIobaI lronds.
In ApriIDocombor 2010, cumuIalivo grovll ralo of induslriaI oulpul vas 8.6 porconl.
During ApriIDocombor 2010, llo cumuIalivo grovll ralo of llo manufacluring
soclor, llo Ioy drivor of llo induslriaI oulpul, vas 9.1 porconl.
Tlo consumplion, imporls and oxporls of finislod slooI rocordod grovll ralos of
9.8 porconl, 11.1 porconl and 13.8 porconl rospoclivoIy.
INDIA 2011
173
Tlo rovonuo aggrogalo of llo Informalion ToclnoIogy (IT) businoss procoss oulsourcing
(BIO) induslry las grovn by 5.4 porconl lo roacl US$ 73.1 biIIion in 200910. Ior
llo samo poriod, rovonuo from IT sorvico oxporls grov lo US$ 27.3 biIIion, rovonuo
from Informalion ToclnoIogy InabIod Sorvicos (IToS)-BIO oxporls roaclod US$ 12.4
biIIion and llo rovonuo from llo domoslic marIol (IT sorvicos and IToS-BIO) roaclod
lo US$ 14 biIIion.
Tlo produclion of oIoclronics is oslimalod lo grov by 13 porconl lo roacl INR 1,099
biIIion in 200910. Tlo cumuIalivo oxporl figuro in oIoclronics during 201011 (ApriI
lo }uIy) is oslimalod al US$ 1.36 biIIion.
In Tourism Soclor, llo Ioroign Tourisl ArrivaIs (ITAs) in llo firsl oigll monlls of
201011 lavo rogislorod significanl grovll of 9.4 porconl as againsl grovll of aboul
6 porconl for llo vorId. Ioroign oxclango oarnings from lourism in 201011 (ApriI
Novombor) incroasod by 16.8 porconl in rupoo lorms.
On a yoar-on-yoar basis, crodil grovll lo induslry slarpIy accoIoralod lo 27 porconl
in Novombor 2010.
Tloro vas, as oxpoclod, a docIino in invoslmonl inlonlions in 2009, bul invoslmonl
inlonlions in 2010 (}anuary-Novombor) indicalo rovivaI of businoss sonlimonls and
an improvomonl in onlropronours porcoplion. MolaIs, maclinory, comonl, clomicaIs
and llo aulo soclor conlinuo lo dominalo as llo proforrod induslrios.
(x) Services Sector
Sorvicos soclor is a fasl-groving, ompIoymonl-orionlod, allracling IDI vill vasl-
oxporl polonliaI. Tlo oulIooI for llo sorvicos soclor vlicl lad dimmod duo lo llo
faIIoul of llo sub-primo crisis in llo US and llo gIobaI financiaI crisis las onco again
brigllonod.
India vill a sorvicos soclor slaro of 52 porconl in nalionaI GDI in 2009 and 55.2
porconl in 200910 comparos voII ovon vill llo dovoIopod counlrios in llo lop 12
counlrios vill llo liglosl ovoraII GDI. In 200910, sorvicos grovll vas 10.1 porconl
and in 201011 (basod on oslimalos) il vas 9.6 porconl.
Among various sorvicos in llis soclor, financing, insuranco, roaI oslalo, and businoss
sorvicos, and lrado, loloIs and roslauranls aro llo Iargosl groups accounling for 16.7
porconl and 16.3 porconl rospoclivoIy of llo nalionaI GDI in 200910. Tlo communily,
sociaI, and porsonaI sorvicos calogory accounls for a 14.4 porconl slaro in GDI, vliIo
lransporl, slorago, andcommunicalionaccounls for a 7.8porconl slaro in GDI. Conslruclion,
vlicl is a bordorIino sorvicos incIusion, las a slaro of 8.2 porconl in GDI.
(xi) Energy, Infrastructure and Communications
In llo IIovonll Iivo Yoar IIan las llo oslimalos of lolaI invoslmonl in infraslrucluro
voro rovisod lo INR 20,542 biIIion vlicl is IiIoIy lo onlanco by 2.47 porconl of llo
GDI as comparod lo llo Tonll IIan.
INDIA 2011
174
To accoIoralo llo dovoIopmonl of povor soclor, roforms in 3 diroclions aro proposod
viz. Slronglloning llo roguIalion, improving dislribulion and oponing buII suppIy
lo compIolion and rovising lariff lo moro oconomic IovoIs.
During 201011, produclion of crudo oiI is oslimalod al 37.96 miIIion molric lonno
(MMT), 12.67 porconl liglor llan procoding yoar. Iroigll Ioading on Indian
raiIvay incroasod by 3.31 porconl lo 593.43 MT. Tlo acliovomonl undor various
plasos of NHDI vas uplo 1,007 Im in ApriI Novombor 2010.
Tlo loIocommunicalions soclor las dono oxcoodingIy voII as llo loIo donsily las
incroasod from 20.74 porconl in 2004 lo 143.95 porconl in 2010 in urban aroas. SimiIarIy,
llo avialion soclor vilnossod slrong rocovory rogisloring a grovll ralo of 19 and
30 porconl in domoslic passongor and cargo rospoclivoIy.
To accoIoralo llo paco of infraslrucluro dovoIopmonl, an onlancod invoslmonl
amounling lo INR 40,992 biIIion viII bo noodod in llo noxl lvoIfll pIan
(201217).
(xii) Human Development, Equity and Environment
As por llo Human DovoIopmonl Roporl (HDR) 2010, pubIislod by Unilod Nalions
DovoIopmonl Irogrammo (UNDI), llo luman dovoIopmonl indox (HDI) for India
vas 0.519 in 2010 pIacing il al an ovoraII ranI of 119 oul of 169 counlrios in comparison
lo a ranI of 134 oul of 182 counlrios as roporlod in HDR 2009.
Tlo ConlraI Govornmonl oulIay on sociaI sorvicos andruraI dovoIopmonl las consislonlIy
incroasod from 13.75 porconl in 200506 lo 19.27 porconl in 201011 in aroas sucl as
RuraI DovoIopmonl, Iducalion, Iabour and ImpIoymonl olc.
A major financiaI incIusion inilialivo Svablimaan vas Iaunclod on 10ll Iobruary,
2011 aimod al providing branclIoss banIing llrougl llo uso of loclnoIogy lo llo
sociaIIy oxcIudod IiIo SCs, STs, OBCs and disabIod.
Ilaso II of Uniquo Idonlificalion Aullorily of India (UIDAI) Aadlaar programmo
vas commoncod in }uIy, 2010 for onroIIing 100 miIIion rosidonls llrougl muIlipIo
rogislors and for solling up of ollor infraslrucluraI roquiromonls. Tlo sclomo vas
inlroducod in 2009 for faciIilaling financiaI incIusion and onsuring bollor govornanco
and improvod sorvico doIivory of llo Govornmonl programmos.
Tlo Govornmonl rocognizing llo imporlanco of facloring ocoIogicaI concorns inlo llo
dovoIopmonl procoss las laIon a numbor of inilialivos incIuding llo nolificalion of
WolIands (Consorvalion and Managomonl) RuIos 2010 for provonlion of furllor
dogradalion of volIands.
Tlo Govornmonl of India andWorIdBanIsignodaIoan agroomonl for llo impIomonlalion
of an Inlogralod CoaslaI Zono Managomonl Irojocl, lo bo impIomonlod al a cosl of
INR 11.56 biIIion vill WorId BanIs conlribulion al 77.7 porconl, Govl. of Indias al
15.4 porconl and llo Slalos al 6.9 porconl.
INDIA 2011
175
UNION BUDGET 201112
Iinanco Minislor Mr. Iranab MuIlorjoo on Iobruary 28, 2011 prosonlod llo Union Budgol
201112 in llo IarIiamonl.
Opportunities
Svifl and broad basod grovll in 201011 las pul llo oconomy bacI lo ils pro-crisis
grovll lrajoclory. IiscaI consoIidalion las boon improssivo.
Significanl progross in crilicaI inslilulionaI roforms llal vouId sol llo paco for doubIo-
digil grovll in llo noar fuluro.
Dynamism in llo ruraI oconomy duo lo scaIod up fIov of rosourcos lo llo ruraI aroas.
Challenges
SlrucluraI concorns on infIalion managomonl lo bo addrossod by improving suppIy
rosponso of agricuIluro lo llo oxpanding domoslic domand and llrougl slrongor
fiscaI consoIidalion.
ImpIomonlalion gaps, IoaIagos from pubIic programmos and llo quaIily of oulcomos
poso a sorious claIIongo.
Improssion of drifl in govornanco and gap in pubIic accounlabiIily is mispIacod.
Corruplion as a probIom lo bo fougll coIIoclivoIy. Govornmonl lo improvo llo
roguIalory slandards and adminislralivo praclicos.
Inpuls from coIIoaguos on boll sidos of Houso aro imporlanl in llo vidor nalionaI
inlorosl.
Budgol 201112 lo sorvo as a lransilion lovards a moro lransparonl and rosuIl
orionlod oconomic managomonl syslom in India.
Overview of the Economy
Gross Domoslic Iroducl (GDI) oslimalod lo lavo grovn al 8.6 por conl in 201011
in roaI lorms. Iconomy las slovn romarIabIo rosiIionco.
Conlinuod ligl food pricos lavo boon principaI concorn llis yoar.
Consumors doniod llo bonofil of soasonaI faII in pricos dospilo improvod avaiIabiIily
of food iloms, rovoaIing slorlcomings in dislribulion and marIoling sysloms.
Monolary poIicy moasuros laIon oxpoclod lo furllor modoralo infIalion in coming
monlls.
Ixporls lavo grovn by 29.4 por conl, vliIo imporls lavo rocordod a grovll of 17.6
por conl during ApriI lo }anuary, 201011 ovor llo corrosponding poriod Iasl yoar.
Indian oconomy oxpoclod lo grov al 9 por conl vill an oulsido band of+/ 0.25
por conl in 201112.
Avorago infIalion oxpoclod Iovor noxl yoar and curronl accounl doficil smaIIor.
INDIA 2011
176
Sustaining Growth
- -
IiscaI consoIidalion largols al Conlro and Slalos lavo slovn posilivo offocl on macro
oconomic managomonl of llo oconomy.
Amondmonl lo Conlros IR}BM Acl, 2003 Iaying dovn llo fiscaI road map for llo
noxl fivo yoars lo bo inlroducod in llo courso of llo yoar.
IroposaI lo inlroduco llo IubIic Dobl Managomonl Agoncy of India BiII in llo noxl
financiaI yoar.
-
Dirocl Taxos Codo (DTC) lo bo finaIisod for onaclmonl during 201112. DTC proposod
lo bo offoclivo from ApriI 1, 2012.
Aroas of divorgonco vill Slalos on proposod Goods and Sorvicos Tax (GST) lavo
boon narrovod. As a slop lovards roII oul of GST, Conslilulion Amondmonl BiII
proposod lo bo inlroducod in llis sossion of IarIiamonl.
Significanl progross in oslabIisling GST NolvorI (GSTN), vlicl viII sorvo as IT
infraslrucluro for inlroduclion of GST.
-
A Commilloo aIroady sol up by IIanning Commission lo IooI inlo llo oxlanl
cIassificalion of pubIic oxpondiluro bolvoon pIan, non-pIan, rovonuo and capilaI.
--
Nulrionl Basod Subsidy (NBS) las improvod llo avaiIabiIily of forliIisor, Govornmonl
aclivoIy considoring oxlonsion of llo NBS rogimo lo covor uroa.
Govornmonl lo movo lovards dirocl lransfor of casl subsidy lo poopIo Iiving boIov
povorly Iino in a plasod mannor for bollor doIivory of Iorosono, IIG and forliIisors.
TasI forco sol up lo vorI oul llo modaIilios for llo proposod syslom.
- - -
OvorvloIming rosponso lo pubIic issuos of ConlraI IubIic Soclor UndorlaIings during
curronl yoar.
Higlor llan anlicipalod non-lax rovonuo las Iod lo roscloduIomonl of somo
disinvoslmonl issuos pIannod for curronl-yoar.
` 40,000 croro lo bo raisod llrougl disinvoslmonl in 201112.
Govornmonl commillod lo rolain al Ioasl 51 por conl ovnorslip and managomonl
conlroI of llo ConlraI IubIic Soclor UndorlaIings.
Investment Environment
-
Discussions undorvay lo furllor IiboraIiso llo IDI poIicy.
INDIA 2011
177
- --
SIBI rogislorod muluaI funds pormillod lo accopl subscriplion from foroign invoslors
vlo mool KYC roquiromonls for oquily sclomos.
To onlanco fIov of funds lo infraslrucluro soclor, llo III Iimil for invoslmonl in
corporalo bonds issuod in infraslrucluro soclor boing raisod.
- -
To laIo llo procoss of financiaI soclor roforms furllor, various IogisIalions proposod
in 201112.
Amondmonls proposod lo llo BanIing RoguIalion Acl in llo conloxl of addilionaI
banIing Iiconcos lo privalo soclor pIayors.
-
` 6,000 croro lo bo providod during 201112 lo onabIo pubIic soclor banIs lo mainlain
a minimum of Tior I CRAR of 8 por conl.
- -
` 500 croro lo bo providod lo onabIo RogionaI RuraI BanIs lo mainlain a CRAR of
al Ioasl 9 por conl as on Marcl 31, 2012.
--
India Microfinanco Iquily Iund of ` 100 croro lo bo croalod vill SIDBI. Govornmonl
considoring pulling in pIaco approprialo roguIalory framovorI lo prolocl llo inlorosl
of smaII borrovors.
Womons SHGs DovoIopmonl Iund lo bo croalod vill a corpus of ` 500 croro.
-
Corpus of RIDI XVII lo bo raisod from ` 16,000 croro lo ` 18,000 croro.
--
` 5,000 croro lo bo providod lo SIDBI for rofinancing incromonlaI Ionding by banIs
lo lloso onlorprisos.
` 3,000 croro lo bo providod lo NABARD lo provido supporl lo landIoom voavor
co-oporalivo sociolios vlicl lavo bocomo financiaIIy unviabIo duo lo non-ropaymonl
of dobl by landIoom voavors facing oconomic slross.
IubIic soclor banIs lo acliovo a largol of 15 por conl as oulslanding Ioans lo minorily
communilios undor priorily soclor Ionding al llo oarIiosl.
-
Ixisling sclomo of inlorosl subvonlion of 1 por conl on lousing Ioan furllor IiboraIisod.
Ixisling lousing Ioan Iimil onlancod lo ` 25 IaIl for dvoIIing unils undor priorily
soclor Ionding.
Irovision undor RuraI Housing Iund onlancod lo ` 3,000 croro.
INDIA 2011
178
To onlanco crodil vorllinoss of oconomicaIIy voaIor soclions and IIG lousoloIds,
a Morlgago RisI Guaranloo Iund lo bo croalod undor Rajiv Avas Yojana.
ConlraI IIoclronic Rogislry lo provonl frauds invoIving muIlipIo Ionding on llo samo
immovabIo proporly lo bocomo oporalionaI by Marcl 31, 2011.
- - --
IinanciaI Soclor IogisIalivo Roforms Commission sol up lo rovrilo and slroamIino
llo financiaI soclor Iavs, ruIos and roguIalions.
Companios BiII lo bo inlroducod in llo IoI Sabla during curronl sossion.
Agriculture
RomovaI of produclion and dislribulion bollIonocIs for iloms IiIo fruils and vogolabIos,
miII, moal, pouIlry and fisl lo bo llo focus of allonlion llis yoar.
AIIocalion undor Rasllriya Krisli ViIas Yojana (RKVY) incroasod from ` 6,755 croro
lo ` 7,860 croro.
-
To improvo rico basod cropping syslom in llis rogion, aIIocalion of ` 400 croro las
boon mado.
-- - -
AIIocalion of ` 300 croro lo promolo 60,000 puIsos viIIagos in rainfod aroas.

AIIocalion of ` 300 croro lo bring 60,000 loclaros undor oiI paIm pIanlalions. Inilialivo
lo yioId aboul 3 IaIl Molric lonnos of paIm oiI annuaIIy in fivo yoars.
--
AIIocalion of ` 300 croro for impIomonlalion of vogolabIo inilialivo lo provido quaIily
vogolabIo al compolilivo pricos.
-
AIIocalion of ` 300 croro lo promolo liglor produclion of Bajra, }ovar, Ragi and
ollor miIIols, vlicl aro liglIy nulrilious and lavo sovoraI modicinaI proporlios.
--
AIIocalion of ` 300 croro lo promolo animaI basod proloin produclion llrougl
IivoslocI dovoIopmonl, dairy farming, piggory, goal roaring and fislorios.

AIIocalion of ` 300 croro for AccoIoralod Ioddor DovoIopmonl Irogrammo lo bonofil
farmors in 25,000 viIIagos.
INDIA 2011
179
-- -
Govornmonl lo promolo organic farming mollods, combining modorn loclnoIogy
vill lradilionaI farming praclicos.

Crodil fIov for farmors raisod from ` 3,75,000 croro lo ` 4,75,000 croro in 201112.
Inlorosl subvonlion proposod lo bo onlancod from 2 por conl lo 3 por conl for
providing slorl-lorm crop Ioans lo farmors vlo ropay lloir crop Ioan on limo.
In viov of onlancod largol for fIov of agricuIluro crodil, capilaI baso of NABARD
lo bo slrongllonod by ` 3,000 croro in plasod mannor.
` 10,000 croro lo bo conlribulod lo NABARDs Slorl-lorm RuraI Crodil fund for 2011
12.
-
ApprovaI boing givon lo sol up 15 moro Moga Iood IarIs during 201112.
-
Augmonlalion of slorago capacily llrougl privalo onlropronours and varolousing
corporalions las boon fasl lracIod.
CapilaI invoslmonl in croalion of modorn slorago capacily viII bo oIigibIo for viabiIily
gap funding of llo Iinanco Minislry.

In viov of roconl opisodo of infIalion, nood for Slalo Govornmonls lo roviov and
onforco a roformod AgricuIluro Iroduco MarIoling Acl.
- -
AIIocalion of ` 2,14,000 croro for infraslrucluro in 201112. Tlis is an incroaso of 23.3
por conl ovor 201011. Tlis aIso amounls lo 48.5 por conl of lolaI pIan aIIocalion.
Govornmonl lo como up vill a comprolonsivo poIicy for furllor dovoIoping III
projocls.
IIICI lo acliovo cummuIalivo disbursomonl largol of ` 20,000 croro by Marcl 31,
2011 and ` 25,000 croro by Marcl 31, 2012.
Undor laIo oul financing sclomo, sovon projocls sanclionod vill dobl of ` 1,500
croro. Anollor ` 5,000 croro viII bo sanclionod during 201112.
To boosl infraslrucluro dovoIopmonl, lax froo bonds of ` 30,000 croro proposod lo
bo issuod by Govornmonl undorlaIings during 201112.

Slaro of manufacluring in GDI oxpoclod lo grov from aboul 16 por conl lo 25 por
conl ovor a poriod of 10 yoars. Govornmonl viII como oul vill a manufacluring
poIicy.
INDIA 2011
180
Tvo Commilloos sol up for groalor lransparoncy and accounlabiIily in procuromonl
poIicy, and for aIIocalion, pricing and uliIisalion of naluraI rosourcos.
Issuos roIaling lo roconciIialion of onvironmonlaI concorn from various doparlmonlaI
aclivilios incIuding lloso roIalod lo infraslrucluro and mining lo bo considorod by
a Group of Minislors.
NalionaI Mission for lybrid and oIoclric volicIo lo bo Iaunclod.
IinanciaI Assislanco lo bo mado avaiIabIo for molro projocls in DoIli, Mumbai,
BongaIuru, KoIIala and Clonnai.
CapilaI invoslmonl in forliIisor produclion proposod lo bo incIudod as an infraslrucluro
sub-soclor.
-
Of 23 suggoslions mado by TasI Iorco on Transaclion Cosl, conslilulod by llo
Doparlmonl of Commorco, 21 suggoslions aIroady impIomonlod. Aclion lo bo laIon
on llo romaining lvo suggoslions. Transaclion Cosl of ` 2,100 croro viII llus bo
miligalod.
SoIf assossmonl lo bo inlroducod in Cusloms lo modornizo llo Cusloms adminislralion.
IroposaI lo inlroduco sclomo for rofund of laxos paid on sorvicos usod for oxporl
of goods.
Moga CIuslor Sclomo lo bo oxlondod for Ioallor producls. Sovon moga Ioallor
cIuslors lo bo sol up during 201112.
}odlpur lo bo incIudod for llo dovoIopmonl of a landicrafl moga cIuslor.
Black Money
Iivo foId slralogy lo bo pul inlo oporalion lo doaI vill llo probIom of gonoralion
and circuIalion of bIacI monoy.
Momborslip of various inlornalionaI for a ongagod in anli monoy Iaundoring, IinanciaI
inlogrily and Iconomic dovoIopmonl, Ixclango of informalion for lax purposos and
lransparoncy, socurod.
Various Tax Informalion Ixclango Agroomonls (TIIA) and DoubIo Taxalion
Avoidanco Agroomonls (DTAA) concIudod. Ioroign Tax Division of CBDT las boon
slrongllonod lo offoclivoIy landIo incroaso in lax informalion oxclango and lransfor
pricing issuos.
Inforcomonl Dirocloralo slrongllonod llroo foId lo landIo incroasod numbor of
casos rogislorod undor amondod Monoy Iaundoring IogisIalion.
Iinanco Minislry las commissionod sludy on unaccounlod incomo and voaIll loId
villin and oulsido llo counlry.
Comprolonsivo nalionaI poIicy lo bo announcod in noar fuluro lo slrongllon conlroIs
ovor provonlion of lrafficIing on narcolic drugs.
INDIA 2011
181
Strengthening Inclusion
NalionaI Iood Socurily BiII (NISB) lo bo inlroducod in llo IarIiamonl during llo
courso of llis yoar.
AIIocalion for sociaI soclor in 201112 (` 1,60,887 croro) incroasod by 17 por conl ovor
curronl yoar. Il amounls lo 36.4 por conl of lolaI pIan aIIocalion.

AIIocalion for Blaral Nirman programmo proposod lo bo incroasod by ` 10,000 croro
from llo curronl yoar lo ` 58,000 croro in 201112.
IIan lo provido RuraI Broadband Connoclivily lo aII 2,50,000 Ianclayals in llo
counlry in llroo yoars.
In pursuanco of Iasl yoars budgol announcomonl lo provido a roaI vago of ` 100 por
day, llo Govornmonl las docidodlo indox llo vago ralos nolifiod undor llo MGNRIGA
lo llo Consumor Irico Indox for AgricuIluraI Iabour. Tlo onlancod vago ralos lavo
boon nolifiod by llo Minislry of RuraI DovoIopmonl on }anuary 14, 2011.
Irom 1sl ApriI, 2011, romunoralion of Anganvadi vorIors incroasod from ` 1,500
por monll lo ` 3,000 por monll and for Anganvadi loIpors from ` 750 por monll
lo ` 1,500 por monll.
--
Spocific aIIocalion oarmarIod lovards ScloduIo Caslos Sub-pIan and TribaI Sub-pIan
in llo Budgol.
AIIocalion for primilivo TribaI groups incroasod from ` 185 croro in 201011 lo ` 244
croro in 201112.
AIIocalion for oducalion incroasod by 24 por conl ovor curronl yoar.

-
` 21,000 croro aIIocalod, vlicl is 40 por conl liglor llan Budgol for 201011.
Iro-malric scloIarslip sclomo lo bo inlroducod for noody SC/ST sludonls sludying
in cIassos IX and X.

Connoclivily lo aII 1,500 inslilulions of Higlor Ioarning and Rosoarcl llrougl oplicaI
fibor bacIbono lo bo providod by Marcl, 2012.
-
NalionaI Innovalion CounciI sol up lo proparo road map for innovalions in India.
SpociaI granl providod lo various univorsilios and acadomic inslilulions lo rocogniso
oxcoIIonco.
INDIA 2011
182

AddilionaI ` 500 croro proposod lo bo providod for NalionaI SIiII DovoIopmonl Iund
during llo noxl yoar.
An inlornalionaI avard vill prizo monoy of ` 1 croro boing inslilulod for promoling
vaIuos of univorsaI brollorlood as parl of NalionaI coIobralions of 150ll Birll
Annivorsary of Gurudov Rabindranall Tagoro.
IIan aIIocalions for loaIll sloppod-up by 20 por conl.

Scopo of Rasllriya Svasllya Bima Yojana lo bo oxpandod lo vidon llo covorago.
-
Targol of providing banIing faciIilios lo aII 73,000 labilalions laving a popuIalion
of ovor 2,000 lo bo compIolod during 20112012.
-
Ixil norms undor co-conlribulory ponsion sclomo SvavaIamban lo bo roIaxod.
Bonofil of Govornmonl conlribulion lo bo oxlondod from llroo lo fivo yoars for aII
subscribors vlo onroII during 201011 and 201112.
IIigibiIily for ponsion undor Indira Gandli NalionaI OId Ago Ionsion Sclomo for
BII bonoficiarios roducod from 65 yoars of ago lo 60 yoars. Tloso abovo 80 yoars
of ago viII gol ponsion of ` 500 por monll insload of ` 200 al prosonl.
Environment and Climate Change
--
` 200 croro proposod lo bo aIIocalod for Groon India Mission from NalionaI CIoan
Inorgy Iund.

` 200 croro proposod lo bo aIIocalod for Iauncling InvironmonlaI Romodialion
Irogrammos from NalionaI CIoan Inorgy Iund.
- -
SpociaI aIIocalion of ` 200 croro proposod lo bo providod for cIoan-up of somo moro
imporlanl IaIos and rivors ollor llan Ganga.
-
To boosl dovoIopmonl in Norll Iaslorn Rogion and SpociaI Calogory Slalos, aIIocalion
for SpociaI Assislanco doubIod.
` 8,000 croro providod in curronl yoar for dovoIopmonl noods of }ammu and Kaslmir.
AIIocalion mado in 201112 lo mool llo infraslrucluro noods for IadaIl (` 100 croro)
and }ammu rogion (` 150 croro).
INDIA 2011
183
AIIocalion undor BacIvard Rogions Granl Iund incroasod by ovor 35 por conl.
Iunds aIIocalod undor Inlogralod Aclion IIan (IAI) for addrossing probIoms roIalod
lo Iofl Wing oxlromism affoclod dislricls. 60 soIoclod TribaI and bacIvard dislricls
providod vill 100 por conl bIocI granl of ` 25 croro and ` 30 croro por dislricl
during 201011 and 201112 rospoclivoIy.
A Iump-sum ox-gralia componsalion of ` 9 IaIl for 100 por conl disabiIily lo bo
granlod for porsonnoI of Dofonco and Iara MiIilary forcos disclargod from
sorvico on modicaI ground on accounl of disabiIily allribulabIo lo govornmonl
sorvico.
Irovision of ` 1,64,415 croro, incIuding ` 69,199 croro for capilaI oxpondiluro lo bo
mado for Dofonco Sorvicos in 201112.
To buiId judiciaI infraslrucluro, pIan provision for Doparlmonl of }uslico incroasod
by llroo foId lo ` 1,000 croro.
--
To onumoralo caslos ollor llan ScloduIo Caslos and ScloduIo Tribos in Consus 2011,
caslo lo bo canvassod as a soparalo limo bound oxorciso.
Improving Governance
--
Irom 1sl Oclobor, 2011 lon IaIl numbors viII bo gonoralod por day.
-
Various IT inilialivos laIon for officionl lax adminislralion. Tloso incIudo o-fiIing and
o-paymonl of laxos, adoplion of Sovollam concopl by CBIC and CBDT, vob basod
faciIily for lax payors lo lracI llo rosoIulion of rofunds and crodil for pro-paid laxos
and augmonlalion of procossing capacily.
Undor Mission modo projocls, funds roIoasod lo 31 projocls rocoivod from Slalos/
UTs for compulorisalion of CommorciaI laxos. Tlis viII aIIov Slalos lo aIign vill
roII oul of GST.
BiII lo amond llo Indian Slamp Acl proposod lo bo inlroducod slorlIy.
A nov sclomo vill an oulIay of ` 300 croro lo bo Iaunclod lo provido assislanco
lo Slalos lo modorniso lloir slamp and rogislralion adminislralion and roII oul
o-slamping in aII llo dislricls in llo noxl llroo yoars.
A nov simpIifiod form Sugam lo bo inlroducod lo roduco llo compIianco burdon
of smaII lax payors faIIing villin prosumplivo laxalion.
Tlroo moro bonclos of SollIomonl Commission lo bo sol up lo fasl lracI llo disposaI
of casos.
Slops inilialod lo roduco Iiligalion and focus allonlion on ligl rovonuo casos.
INDIA 2011
184
Group of Minislors conslilulod lo considor moasuros for lacIIing corruplion.

Rocommondalions lo bo mado in a limo bound mannor.
-
In pursuanco of rocommondalions of Socond Adminislralivo Roforms Commission,
62 doparlmonls covorod undor Iorformanco Moniloring and IvaIualion Syslom
(IMIS) lo assoss lloir offoclivonoss.
Rocommondalions of ToclnoIogy Advisory Group for Uniquo Irojocls (TAGUI)

submillod and accoplod in principIo.
Budget Estimates 201112
Gross Tax rocoipls aro oslimalod al ` 9,32,440 croro.
Non-lax rovonuo rocoipls oslimalod al ` 1,25,435 croro.
TolaI oxpondiluro proposod al ` 12,57,729 croro.
Incroaso of 18.3 por conl in lolaI IIan aIIocalion.
Incroaso of 10.9 por conl in llo Non-pIan oxpondiluro.
XI IIan oxpondiluro moro llan 100 por conl in nominaI lorms llan onvisagod for llo
IIan poriod.
Incroaso of 23 por conl in IIan and Non-pIan lransfor lo Slalos and UTs.
IiscaI Doficil brougll dovn from 5.5 por conl in BI 201011 lo 5.1 por conl of GDI
in RI 201011.
IiscaI Doficil Iopl al 4.6 por conl of GDI for 201112.
IiscaI Doficil lo bo progrossivoIy roducod lo 3.5 por conl by 201314.
Iffoclivo Rovonuo Doficil oslimalod al 2.3 por conl of GDI in llo Rovisod Islimalos
for 201011 and 1.8 por conl for 201112.
AII subsidy roIalod IiabiIilios brougll inlo fiscaI accounling.
Nol marIol borroving of llo Govornmonl llrougl dalod socurilios in 201112 vouId
bo ` 3.43 IaIl croro.
ConlraI Govornmonl dobl oslimalod al 44.2 por conl of GDI for 201112 as againsl
52.5 por conl rocommonod by llo 13ll Iinanco Commission.
TAX PROPOSALS
Direct Taxes
Ixomplion Iimil for llo gonoraI calogory of individuaI laxpayors onlancod from
` 1,60,000 lo ` 1,80,000 giving uniform lax roIiof of ` 2,000.
INDIA 2011
185
Ixomplion Iimil onlancod and quaIifying ago roducod for sonior cilizons.
Higlor oxomplion Iimil for Vory Sonior Cilizons, vlo aro 80 yoars or abovo.
Curronl surclargo of 7.5 por conl on domoslic companios proposod lo bo roducod
lo 5 por conl.
Ralo of Minimum AIlornalivo Tax proposod lo bo incroasod from 18 por conl lo
18.5 por conl of booI profils.
Tax inconlivos oxlondod lo allracl foroign funds for financing of infraslrucluro.
AddilionaI doduclion of ` 20,000 for invoslmonl in Iong-lorm infraslrucluro bonds
proposod lo bo oxlondod for ono moro yoar.
Iovor ralo of 15 por conl lax on dividonds rocoivod by an Indian company from
ils foroign subsidiary.
Bonofil of invoslmonl IinIod doduclion oxlondod lo businossos ongagod in llo
produclion of forliIisors.
Invoslmonl IinIod doduclion lo businossos dovoIoping affordabIo lousing.
Woigllod doduclion on paymonls mado lo NalionaI Iaboralorios, Univorsilios and
Inslilulos of ToclnoIogy lo bo onlancod lo 200 por conl.
Syslom of coIIoclion of informalion from foroign lax jurisdiclions lo bo slrongllonod.
A nol rovonuo Ioss of ` 11,500 croro oslimalod as a rosuIl of proposaIs.
Indirect Taxes
To slay on courso for lransilion lo GST.
ConlraI Ixciso Duly lo bo mainlainod al slandard ralo of 10 por conl.
Roduclion in numbor of oxomplions in ConlraI Ixciso ralo slrucluro.
NominaI ConlraI Ixciso Duly of 1 por conl imposod on 130 iloms onloring in llo lax
nol.
Iovor ralo of ConlraI Ixciso Duly onlancod from 4 por conl lo 5 por conl.
OplionaI Iovy on brandod garmonls or mado up proposod lo bo convorlod inlo a
mandalory Iovy al unifiod ralo of 10 por conl.
IoaI ralo of Cuslom Duly loId al ils curronl IovoI.
-
Scopo of oxomplions from Ixciso Duly onIargod lo incIudo oquipmonls noodod for
slorago and varolouso faciIilios on agricuIluraI produco.
Basic Cuslom Duly roducod for spocifiod agricuIluraI maclinory from 5 por conl lo
2.5 por conl.
Basic Cuslom Duly roducod on micro-irrigalion oquipmonl from 7.5 por conl lo
5 por conl.
Do-oiIod rico bran caIo lo bo fuIIy oxomplod from basic Cuslom Duly. Ixporl Duly
of 10 por conl lo bo Ioviod on ils oxporl.
INDIA 2011
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Basic Cuslom Duly roducod for various iloms lo oncourago domoslic vaIuo addilion
vis-a-vis imporls, lo romovo duly invorsion and anomaIios and lo provido a IovoI
pIaying fioId lo llo domoslic induslry.
Ralo of Ixporl Duly for aII lypos of iron oro onlancod and unifiod al 20 por conl
ad vaIorom. IuII oxomplion from Ixporl Duly lo iron oro poIIols.
Basic Cuslom Duly on lvo crilicaI rav maloriaIs of comonl induslry viz. polcoIo and
gypsum is proposod lo bo roducod lo 2.5 por conl.
Casl disponsors fuIIy oxompl from basic Cusloms Duly.
IuII oxomplion from basic Cusloms Duly and a concossionaI ralo of ConlraI Ixciso
Duly oxlondod lo ballorios imporlod by manufaclurors of oIoclricaI volicIos.
ConcossionaI Ixciso Duly of 10 por conl lo volicIos basod on IuoI coII loclnoIogy.
Ixomplion granlod frombasic cuslomduly and spociaI CVDlo crilicaI parls/assombIios
noodod for Hybrid volicIos.
Roduclion in Ixciso Duly on Iils usod for convorsion of fossiI fuoI volicIos inlo
Hybrid volicIos.
Ixciso Duly on IIDs roducod lo 5 por conl and spociaI CVD boing fuIIy oxomplod.
Basic Cusloms Duly on soIar Ianlorn roducod from 10 lo 5 por conl.
IuII oxomplion from basic Cusloms Duly lo Crudo IaIm Sloarin usod in manufacluro
of Iaundry soap.
IuII oxomplion from basic Ixciso Duly granlod lo onzymo basod proparalion for
prolanning.
-
IaraIIoI Ixciso Duly oxomplion for domoslic suppIiors producing capilaI goods noodod
for oxpansion of oxisling moga or uIlra moga povor projocls.
IuII oxomplion from basic Cusloms Duly lo bio-asplaIl and spocifiod maclinory for
appIicalion in llo conslruclion of nalionaI liglvays.
--
Scopo of oxomplions from basic Cusloms Duly for vorI of arl and anliquilios
oxlondod lo appIy for oxlibilion or dispIay in privalo arl gaIIorios opon lo llo gonoraI
pubIic.
Ixomplion from Imporl Duly for sparos and capilaI goods roquirod for slip ropair
unils oxlondod lo imporl by slip ovnors.
ConcossionaI basic Cuslom Duly of 5 por conl and CVD of 5 por conl avaiIabIo lo
novspapor oslabIislmonls for ligl spood prinling prossos oxlondod lo maiIroom
oquipmonl.
}umbo roIIs of cinomalograplic fiIm fuIIy oxomplod from CVD by providing fuII
oxomplion from Ixciso Duly.
INDIA 2011
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Oul rigll concossion lo faclory-buiIl ambuIancos from Ixciso Duly.
RoIiof moasuros proposod for rav pislaclio, bamboo for agarballi, Iacloso for llo
manufacluro of lomooopallic modicinos, sanilary napIins, baby and aduIl diapors.
IroposaIs roIaling lo Cusloms and ConlraI Ixciso oslimalod lo rosuIl in a nol rovonuo
gain of ` 7,300 croro.
Service Tax
Slandard ralo of Sorvico Tax rolainod al 10 por conl, vliIo sooIing a cIosor fil bolvoon
prosonl rogimo and ils GST succossor.
HoloI accommodalion in oxcoss of ` 1,000 por day and sorvico providod by air
condilionod roslauranls llal lavo Iiconso lo sorvo Iiquor addod as nov sorvicos for
Iovying Sorvico Tax.
Tax on aII sorvicos providod by lospilaIs vill 25 or moro bods vill faciIily of conlraI
air condilioning.
Sorvico Tax on air lravoI boll domoslic and inlornalionaI raisod.
Sorvicos providod by Iifo insuranco companios in llo aroa of invoslmonl and somo
moro IogaI sorvicos proposod lo bo brougll inlo lax nol.
AII individuaI and soIo propriolor lax payors vill a lurn ovor uplo ` 60 IaIl frood
from llo formaIilios of audil.
To oncourago voIunlary compIianco llo ponaI provision for Sorvico Tax aro boing
ralionaIisod. SimiIar clangos boing carriod oul in ConlraI Ixciso and Cuslom Iavs.
IroposaIs roIaling lo Sorvico Tax oslimalod lo rosuIl in nol rovonuo gain of ` 4,000
croro.
IroposaIs roIaling lo Dirocl Taxos oslimalod lo rosuIl in a rovonuo Ioss of ` 11,500
croro and lloso roIalod lo Indirocl Taxos oslimalod lo rosuIl in nol rovonuo gain of
` 11,300 croro.
UPSCPORTALS
IAS PRELIMINARY2012
ENVIRONMENT
For
General Studies
SachchidaNandJ ha
INDIA 2011
188
Indias corporalo soclor is ono of llo major driving forcos of ils oconomic grovll. Irom
major muIlinalionaI corporalions lo smaII and modium onlorprisos and ranging across a
vido divorsily of soclors, incIuding manufacluring, conslruclion, loIocom and sorvicos,
corporalo soclor las pIayod a significanl roIo in llo oconomic dovoIopmonl of llo counlry.
Tlis grovll and dovoIopmonl of corporalo soclor vas onabIod by llo IiboraI roforms
inlroducod in llo counlry from limo lo limo.
GROWTH OF CORPORATE SECTOR
Corporalo soclor las slovn many foId grovll as no. of rogislorod companios in India
is incroasod from 30000 (1957) lo around 8,03,330 rogislorod companios liII llo ond of Marcl
2008.
-
-
2004 6,41,512 4,98,790.8 18.1
2005 6,79,649 6,54,021.6 21.0
2006 7,32,169 6,19,152.0 17.3
2007 7,43,678 6,49,490.0 157
To mool llo oxpoclalions of llo Corporalo Soclor and ils slaIoloIdors in llo clanging
nalionaI and gIobaI businoss onvironmonl, Minislry of Corporalo Affairs las oxlondod ils
offorls llrougl a numbor of inilialivos lo bring aboul Good Govornanco. Tloso inilialivos
aim al improvomonl in llo IogisIaluro framovorI and adminislralivo sol up lo onabIo oasy
CorporateAffairs
14
INDIA 2011
189
incorporalion and oxil of llo companios, convonionl compIianco of roguIalions vill lrans-
paroncy and accounlabiIily in corporalo govornanco.
DEVELOPMENT IN CORPORATE SECTOR
Minislry is primariIy concornod vill llo adminislralion of llo Companios Acl, 1956
and ollor roIalod slalulos, and las laIon up a sorios of inilialivos lo mool llo noods
of llo Indian corporalo soclor. Tloso inilialivos incIudo llo impIomonlalion and sla-
bIizing of an ambilious o-govornanco Irojocl Inovn as MCA21 as ono of llo Mission
Modo Irojocls of llo Govornmonl of India undor llo NalionaI o-Govornanco IIan,
comprolonsivo rovision of llo Companios Acl, 1956 llrougl a vido consuIlalivo pro-
coss, inlroduclion of a nov IogaI framovorI on llo Iimilod IiabiIily Iarlnorslips,
amondmonls lo llo Acls govorning llo llroo profossionaI Inslilulos of Clarlorod
Accounlanls, Cosl and WorIs Accounlanls and llo Company Socrolarios, Amondmonls
lo llo Compolilion Acl, 2002, DovoIopmonls and nolificalion of Accounling Slandards,
croalion of plysicaI infraslrucluro in ordor lo mool llo roquiromonls of officos and
provido for an officionl vorI onvironmonl and proposod oslabIislmonl of llo Indian
Inslilulo of Corporalo Affairs.
Tlo Corporalo Soclor, aparl from croaling voaIll for llo nalion, pIays a significanl roIo
in llo nalionaI oconomy by providing invoslmonl and ompIoymonl opporlunilios lo miIIions
of our poopIo in India. Tloro voro aboul 30 llousand rogislorod companios al vorI in
1957, iniliaI yoar of 2nd fivo yoar pIan and llis numbor las incroasod lo aboul 788
llousand rogislorod companios al vorI al llo ond of Marcl, 2008.
Tlo corporalo soclor consisls mainIy of non-govornmonl companios vlicl form 99 of
llo lolaI soclor vloroas govornmonl ovnod companios aro a nogIigibIo 1. Tlo companios
aro of llroo lypos companios Iimilod by guaranloo, companios Iimilod by slaros and
unIimilod companios, vill companios Iimilod by slaros forming llo major clunI of llo
corporalo soclor (98).
Tlo corporalo soclor in India is dominalod by smaII and modium sizod companios as
lloy conslilulo 92 of llo soclor. Tloso companios lavo aullorizod capilaI of Ioss llan
` 1 croro. Tlo romaining 8 companios lavo aullorizod capilaI of moro llan ` 1 croro.
OnIy 1 companios lavo aullorizod capilaI of moro llan ` 25 croros.
Tlo induslriaI soclors laving major conconlralion of Indian companios aro llo manu-
facluring soclor, financo, insuranco, roaI oslalo and businoss aclivilios, vloIosaIo and rolaiI
consisls of 31 of lolaI companios foIIovod by financo, insuranco, roaI oslalo and businoss
aclivilios vlicl logollor form 30 of llo Indian Corporalo soclor. Tlo induslriaI soclor
vill llo aclivilios of vloIosaIo and rolaiI lrado, loloI and roslauranls forms 16 vloroas
conslruclion forms 8 of llo corporalo soclor.
- - - 54 of llo corporalo soclor aro in
Malarasllra, DoIli and Wosl BongaI vloroas 96 of llo corporalo soclor aro in llo 15
slalos as monlionod ordorIy: Malarasllra, DoIli and Wosl BongaI, TamiI Nadu, Andlra
Iradosl, Gujral, KarnalaIa, Ullar Iradosl, Rajasllan, KoraIa, Iunjab, Madlya Iradosl,
Bilar, Haryana and Clandigarl.
INDIA 2011
190
- Tlo Minislry las boon vorIing on vido ranging roforms in llo
slalulory framovorI roIaling lo llo corporalo soclor. Somo of llo major inilialivos laIon
in llis diroclion aro as undor:
- Corporalo soclor of India is oxpanding vill fasl paco in lodays
gIobaIizod onvironmonl and oxpanding boyond llo bordor, so lo landIo llis silualion lloro
is a nood of a IogaI and roguIalory framovorI vlicl provido friondIy nolvorI lo llo
onlropronours as voII prolocl invoslor and slaIoloIdor inlorosl, for vlicl an oxorciso vas
slarlod iniliaIIy vill llo proparalion of concopl and dissominalion of llo samo on llo
minislrys vobsilo lo gol pubIic commonl foIIovod by formalion of an oxporl commilloo
loadod by Dr. }.}. Irani and laIing roprosonlalivos from difforonl induslrios. On llo basis
of llo viovs rocoivod from lloso sogmonls, a drafl companios biII vas proparod in
consuIlalion vill llo minislry of Iav and juslico and viII bo pul in parIiamonl aflor
roquisilo approvaIs. Tlo nov compacl Iav vouId focus on slaroloIdor domocracy, a
discIosuro basod rogimo, ralionaI ponaI provisions vill buiIl-in roquirod dolorronco and
sufficionl proloclion of llo inlorosls of invoslors and viII acl as Company acl, 1956.
-- Tlo minislry las inlroducod a nov IogisIalivo
framovorI undor Iimilod IiabiIily parlnorslips biII, 2006 in parIiamonl in Docombor, 2006,
vlicl onabIos llo oslabIislmonl of Iimilod IiabiIily parlnorslips as a nov corporalo form.
III is a nov businoss volicIo in llo body corporalo form and lloroforo a soparalo IogaI
onlily vlicl Iimils llo IiabiIily of llo parlnors lo lloir agrood conlribulion.
-- vas oslabiIislod undor llo amondod compolilion acl, 2002
(amondod in 2007) in May, 2009 undor llo clairmanslip of Glanondra Singl vlicl slarlod
ils oporalions from 20ll May, 2009 vill llo objoclivo lo guard againsl marIol faiIuros,
gonoraIIy, arisos duo lo anli-compolilivo arrangomonls, abuso of dominal posilion, vorlicaI
roslrainls olc.
MAJOR PROGRAMMES OF THE MINISTRY
- - Il las boon sol up lo invosligalo corporalo
frauds of sorious and compIox naluro.
- Invoslor Iducalion and Iroloclion Iund
(IIII) las boon oslabIislod undor Soclion 205C of llo Companios Acl 1956 by vay
of Companios (Amondmonl) Acl, 1999 vill llo aim lo promolo invoslors avaronoss
and prolocl inlorosls of llo invoslors. Aboul 69 Associalions/organizalions lavo boon
rogislorod undor IIII, liII dalo.
is a nol for profil Trusl vlicl
providos a pIalform lo doIiboralo issuos roIaling lo good corporalo govornanco as voII
avaronoss lo corporalo Ioadors on llo imporlanco of good corporalo govornanco
praclicos, lo faciIilalo oxclango of oxporioncos and idoas bolvoon corporalo Ioadors,
poIicy maIors, roguIalors, Iav onforcing agoncios and non-govornmonl organizalions.
Il las a llroo-lior slrucluro for ils managomonl monlionod ordorIy: llo Govorning
CounciI undor llo Clairmanslip of Minislor of Corporalo Affairs, llo Board of Trusloos
and llo Ixoculivo Dirocloralo.
INDIA 2011
191
A vobsilo of NICG lad boon Iaunclod lo sorvo as a volicIo for dissomoinalion of
poIicios for bollor corporalo govornanco for llo smaII and modium corporalo.
Tlo Minislry of Corporalo Affairs (MCA) las
impIomonlod an o-Govornanco inilialivo Inovn as MCA21 o-Govornanco Irojocl.
Will llo aim lo inlroduco a sorvico-orionlod approacl in llo dosign and doIivory
of Govornmonl Sorvicos. Tlo Irojocl offors avaiIabiIily of aII rogislry roIalod sorvicos
incIuding fiIing of documonls, rogislralion of companios and pubIic accoss lo corporalo
informalion llrougl a socuro porlaI. Tlo porlaI sorvicos can bo accossod/avaiIod from
anyvloro, al any limo llal bosl suils llo corporalo onlilios, profossionaIs and llo
pubIic al Iargo.
Tlo MCA 21 programmo conforrod llo NalionaI Avard for o-Govornanco 2007
08 by llo Govornmonl of India as voII SIocl ClaIIongor Avard 2008 as a
projocl of NalionaI Significanco on Marcl 19, 2008 by SIocl ConsuIlancy Sorvicos
Ivl. Ild.
- - Tlo 2nd mooling of Indo-UK TasI
Iorco on Corporalo Affairs vas loId on 5ll lo 8ll Iobruary, 2008. Iivo sub-groups
voro formod for llo purposo of doIiboralions and cooporalion in llo foIIoving
aroas:
(i) RoguIalory and slalulory issuos incIuding inslilulionaI Cooporalion and Capacily
BuiIding,
(ii) Corporalo Govornanco,
(iii) Corporalo SociaI RosponsibiIily,
(iv) Slandards in IinanciaI and RoIalod Irofossions,
(v) InsoIvoncy and roIalod issuos,
- Nov offico compIoxos aro lo bo conslruclod al }aipur,
Clandigarl and CullacI, for vlicl spacos aro aquirod from UTIISI al Clonnai and
BangaIoro
Tlo HonbIo Minislor for Corporalo Affairs Iaid llo
foundalion slono of llo firsl Composilo offico of llo Minislry Inovn as Corporalo
Blavan al }aipur on 10ll May, 2007.
-- Tlo Iirsl inlornalionaI
Summil on Corporalo sociaI RosponsibiIily (}anuary, 2930, 2008, Nov DoIli) vas
Cosponsorod by llo Minislry of corporalo Affairs undor llo Aogis of NalionaI
Ioundalion for corporalo Govornanco and organizod by ASSOCHAM.
- A mooling of Asia NolvorI on
Corporalo Govornanco of slalo-issuod onlorprisos by OICD (on 25ll and 26ll
}uno 08, Oboroi HoloI, Nov DoIli) vas sponsorod by NalionaI Ioundalion for
Corporalo Govornanco a body oslabIislod by MCA in parlnorslip vill CII, ICAI
and ICSI.
INDIA 2011
192
--
Do you lavo il in you` Indian Army
Bocomo vlal you aro Iacoslo
A coIobralion of Iifo Digjam
Tlo compIolo man sinco 1925 Raymond
Wlal aro you mado of` TAG Houor
Moro is Ioss Iolor IngIand
Tlo socrol of slyIo OCM Suilings
Bring SlyIo lomo Bombay Dyoing
Iovor IvoIvod Van Huosson
Sconic Soronco. SubIimo Odisla
Givo limo a broaI Iuduclorry
Tlo vory loarl of India Madlya Iradosl
ImoraId bIuo. And you Andaman
Tlo laslo of India AmuI
Bollor idoas. Bollor Iifo Amvay
A nov vay of Iifo RoIianco Induslrios
Tlo affordabIo coIIuIar sorvico DoIplin
Kabli mobiIo Iabli compulor RoIianco India MobiIo
MaIing lomorrov brigllor ONGC
Commillod lo maIing a bollor nalion BHII
Croaling Iasling improssions }K Iapor Ild.
Disaslor-rosislanl BirIa lyros
Iassion in oxcoIIonco Bridgoslono lyros
Tlo sign of oxcoIIonco Omoga
Caring for you. for Iifo Max HoaIllcaro
Iifo is our Iifos vorI Ifizor
Bo 100 porconl suro DolloI
Iuro bli pura bli IBI
Tlo symboI of parllnorslip Clovron
Iorovor nov fronliors Booing
Ixporliso vill rosponsibiIily Bayor
Wo add vaIuo lo Iifo IndaI
TaIo a difforonl roulo Samsonilo
Wo doIivor anylling, anyvloro Gali
CoIours of joy Borgor Iainls
Inorgy oxporls Arova
Undross codo for man RivoIla
INDIA 2011
193
--
Bond vill llo bosl Roid and TayIor
Drossing llo vorId Digjam
OriginaI Iuropoan }oansvoar Ioo Coopor
Iriday Drossing AIIon SoIIy
USA 1851 (lag-Iino) Arrov
Wo undorsland loxliIos Arvind MiIIs
IIay llo Ioad IarI Avonuo
Tlo souI of India Odisla
Gods ovn counlry KoraIa
A slalo of mind TamiI Nadu
Ono Slalo. Many vorIds KarnalaIa
Tlo sloor joy of croaling originaIs IarIo
Boond boond moin vislvas KinIoy
100 por conl vogolarian loollpaslo Anclor Wlilo
KarIo Duniya mullli moin RoIianco India MobIiIo
Connocling India BSNI
Tlo oasy vay lo slay in loucl Trump
Aisoo azadi aur Ialan AirloI
IndIoss possibiIilios Inron
Gas & boyond GAII
Car radiaIs vill IiroIIi loclnoIogy BirIa Tyros
Ono rovoIulion aload Goodyoar Typros
UnsloppabIo ApoIIo Typros
Wlals your slyIo Tilan valclos
Our claIIongo is Iifo Avonlis Ilarma
Nol jusl loaIllcaro.... Iifocaro Torronl Ilarma
A picluro of loaIll WocIardl Ild.
Nol jusl polroI Spood (fuoI addilivo)
Solling llo slandards Airbus
Informalion for ovoryono AppIiod MaloriaIs
SimpIy llo bosl HBO
Inspiro llo noxl Hilacli
Wo Iivo lo doIivor IodIX
Wo aro aboul poopIo Iiborly
BuiIding India DII
INDIA 2011
194
Tlo Doparlmonl of Iood and IubIic Dislribulion is rosponsibIo for procuromonl of food
iloms vlicl incIudos ils slorago, lransporlalion and doIivory lo dislribulors. Tlo Doparl-
monl of Consumor Affairs laIo caro of pricos, avaiIabiIily, consumor movomonl and slal-
ulory bodios roIalod lo food:
-- - Irovidos assuranco of oasy avaiIabiIily of
commodilios and proloclion againsl oxpIoilalion. Tlo onforcomonl of llo provisions
of llo IssonliaI Commodios Acl, 1955 Iios vill llo Slalo Govornmonls and UT
Adminislralions. IniliaIIy llo numbor of ossonliaI commodilios voro 70 in 1989 is
roducod lo 7 al prosonl. Ior llo provonlion of bIacI marIoling and mainlain conlinous
suppIy of ossonliaI commodilios IssonliaI commodilios acl, 1980 is boing impIomonlod
by llo slalo Govornmonl/UTs.
Tlo consumor co-oporalivo is dividod inlo four lior vill NalionaI Co-oporalivo
Consumors Iodoralion of India Ild. (NCCI) on llo lop foIIovod by consumor co-
oporalivo sloros al primary sloros and viIIago IovoI primary AgricuIluraI Crodil
Sociolios and MarIoling Sociolios. Tlirly Slalo Co-oporalivo Consumors Organisalions
aro affiIialod lo llo NCCI. Tlo NCCI aIso las a ConsuIlancy and IromolionaI CoII
for slronglloning consumor co-oporalivo sociolios ongagod in llo rolaiIing aclivilios.
Buroau of Indian Slandards DoIli, Iroparalion and ImpIomonlalion of
1 ApriI, 1987 slandards, oporalions of corlificalion
sclomos, organisalions and manago-
monl for losling Iaboraloros, croaling
consumor avaronoss.
15
FoodandCivil
Supplies
INDIA 2011
195
Tlo NCCI vill ils Hoad Offico al Nov DoIli, las 34 branclos/sub-branclos Iocalod
in various parls of llo counlry.
- -- is a slalulory body formod undor Iorvard
Conlracls (RoguIalion) Acl, 1952 vlicl roguIalos forvard marIol in commodilios
and, rocommonds for gonoraI improvomonl of llo funclioning of forvard marIols
in llo counlry. Al prosonl, lloro aro 24 oxclangos incIuding llroo nalionaI IovoI
oxclangos vlicl lavo boon rocognisod for conducling fuluros/forvard lrading in
India and aII llo commodilios lavo boon pormillod for lrading. During llo curronl
yoar TlormaI CoaI and Carbon Crodil lavo aIso boon aIIovod lo bo lradod on
rocognizod Commodily Ixclangos. Tlo commodily fuluros marIol is roguIalod
undor llo provisions of llo Iorvard Conlracls (RoguIalion) Acl, 1952 (ICR Acl).
- AppIios lo aII goods and sorvicos unIoss spociaIIy
oxomplod by llo ConlraI Govornmonl, in aII soclors vlollor Irivalo, IubIic or
Co-oporalivo. As por llo Acl, llo consumor proloclion counciIs voro formod al ConlraI,
Slalo and Dislricl IovoIs lo promolo and prolocl llo consumor riglls vlicl aro:
(i) Rigll lo Safoly,
(ii) Rigll lo Informalion
(iii) Rigll lo Clooso,
(iv) Rigll lo bo Hoard,
(v) Rigll lo SooI RodrossaI: and
(vi) Rigll lo Consumor Iducalion.
Tlo Consumor Avaronoss Sclomo for llo 11ll IIan amounling lo a lolaI of ` 4009
croros las boon approvod by llo Cabinol Commilloo on Iconomic Affairs on 24ll
}an. 08. Tlo sIogan las nov bocomo a lousoloId namo as a rosuIl
of pubIicily campaign undorlaIon in llo Iasl 3 yoars. As parl of llo Consumor
Avaronoss Sclomo, llo ruraI and romolo aroas lavo boon givon lop priorily.
Ivory yoar 24ll of Docombor is coIobralod as - commomoraling
llo coming inlo offocl of llo Consumor Iroloclion Acl, 1986. Tlo llomo for NalionaI
Consumor day in 2007 vas - - -
Tlo Doparlmonl las coIIaboralod vill - -- -
- for providing loclnicaI supporl rogarding produclion and
dovoIopmonl of pubIicily maloriaI. Undor llo GTZ Irojocl, advorlisomonl spols
porlaining lo oIoclronic modia on llo aroas of MRI and consumor avaronoss rogarding
unloaIlly lrado praclicos voro producod.
- - -- Adminislralions lavo Croalod
lloir ovn Consumor WoIfaro Iunds. Ior slronglloning financiaI supporl, llo ralio of
amounl of sood monoy lo bo providod lo llo Slalos/UTs las boon incroasod from 1 : 10
lo 50 : 50 (Conlro : Slalo). Tlis ralio las furllor boon onlancod lo 90 : 10 in llo caso of
13 spociaI calogory Slalos as por docision laIon in llo 39ll CWI Slanding Commilloo
mooling. So far, llo Slalo IovoI Consumor WoIfaro Iunds lavo boon croalod in llo Slalos
of Andlra Iradosl, Wosl BongaI, Gujaral, Rajasllan, Odisla, KarnalaIa, Tripura, SiIIim,
INDIA 2011
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Malarasllra, Iunjab, Ullar Iradosl, }ammu & Kaslmir, ArunaclaI Iradosl, Goa, Haryana,
Mizoram and UllaranclaI.
- - Tlis sclomo vas Iaunclod in 2002. Tloro is provision for ono consumor
cIub in oacl MiddIo/Higl/Higlor Socondary SclooI/CoIIogo affiIialod lo a govornmonl
rocognisod Board/Univorsily. A granl of ` 10,000 por consumor cIub is admissibIo undor
llis sclomo.
- , Iaunclod on 15ll Marcl, 05, in co-ordinalion
vill DoIli Univorsily, Doparlmonl of Commorco. Consumors vlo nood counsoIIing for
probIoms llal lloy faco as consumors of loIocom, courior, banIing, insuranco, financiaI
sorvicos, olc. from aII ovor llo counlry can diaI loII-froo numbor 1800-11-4000 Tlo HoIpIino
vas Iaunclod on 15ll Marcl, 2005, - -
- - ) Conlro las boon Iaunclod
formaIIy on 15ll Marcl, 05 in coIIaboralion vill Consumor Co-ordinalion CounciI (CCC)
vill llo aim lo provido llo mosl scionlific and offoclivo syslom of coIIoclion and dissom-
inalion of consumor roIalod informalion, o-counsoIIing and modialion for consumor prob-
Ioms.
Slandards (BIS) is a nalionaI slandards body formod on 1sl ApriI,
1987 and is rosponsibIo for proparalion and impIomonlalion of slandards, oporalion
of corlificalion sclomos boll for producls and sysloms, organisalion and managomonl
of losling Iaboralorios, croaling consumor avaronoss and mainlaining cIoso Iiaison
on vill inlornalionaI slandards bodios. As on 31sl Marcl, 2008, 18424 Slandards
formuIalod by BIS, aro in forco covoring imporlanl sogmonls of oconomy, vlicl loIp
llo induslry in upgrading llo quaIily of lloir goods and sorvicos. BIS formuIalos
nood-basod Indian Slandards in Iino vill llo nalionaI priorilios as a limo-bound
programmo.
is voIunlary in naluro and is mandalory for 68
iloms aro miII povdor, pacIagod drinIing valor, IIG cyIindors, oiI prossuro slovos,
cIinicaI llormomolors olc. As on 31sl Marcl, 2008, 20025 corlificalion marIs Iiconcos
aro in oporalion undor llo Sclomo, covoring aboul 1000 difforonl iloms ranging from
food producls lo oIoclronics. To supporl llo aclivilios of producl corlificalion, BIS
las a clain of 8 Iaboralorios.
AII foroign manufaclurors of producls vlo inlond lo oxporl lo India aro roquirod
lo oblain a BIS producl corlificalion Iiconco. Tovards llis, BIS Iaunclod ils Iroducl
Corlificalion Sclomo for ovorsoas manufaclurors in llo yoar 1999. Iurllor, BIS las
laIon nov inilialivos IiIo simpIificalion of procoduro for granl of Iiconco, basicaIIy
lo roduco llo procoduraI limo. Tlis las yioIdod somo oncouraging rosuIls.
slarlod in ApriI, 2000 on voIunlary basis undor BIS
Acl 1986 vill aim lo prolocl llo consumors inlorosl and providing llird parly
assuranco lo consumors on llo purily of goId. Tlo Iisl of laIImarIod jovoIIors vill
BIS Iiconco and BIS rocognisod laIImarIing conlros las boon loslod on BIS vobsislo.
Undor a simiIar sclomo of HaIImarIing of SiIvor, 405 Iiconcos lavo boon granlod sinco
ils Iauncl in Oclobor 2005.
INDIA 2011
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BIS runs ollor imporlanl sysloms corlificalion sclomos undor llo Managomonl Sysloms
Corlificalion. Undor QuaIily Managomonl Syslom Corlificalion Sclomo (QMSCS),
vlicl vas Iaunclod in Soplombor 1991, BIS QuaIily Managomonl Syslom Corlificalion
las boon accrodilod by Raad voor Accrodilalio (RvA) NollorIands for 23 major
oconomic aclivilios.
-
vas Iaunclod in }anuary, 2003. Among llo nov Sclomos, BIS las Iaunclod
pubIic Sorvico DoIivory Managomonl sysloms as por IS 157002005 QuaIily
Managomonl SyslomsRoquiromonls for Sorvico QuaIily by IubIic Sorvico
Organizalions. in ordor lo onsuro minimum slandards of sorvico doIivory in aII
soclors porlaining lo or infIuoncod by llo govornmonl.
Sinco ils incoplion in 1947, llo llon ISI and nov BIS las boon an aclivo mombor of
inlornalionaI ogranizalions namoIy, ISO and InlornalionaI IIoclronicaI Commission
(IIC). BIS roprosonls India as Mombor Body in ISO and IIC. As mombor of ISO,
BIS aIso laIos aclivo parl in llo dovoIopmonl of InlornalionaI Slandards vill a viov
lo prolocl llo inlorosls of Indian lrado & induslry. Il las signod MoU/MRA vill
16 counlrios/organizalions incIuding ISO and Amorican NalionaI Slandards Inslilulo
(ANS) of USA lo llis offocl.
- To mool vill llo groving oxpoclalions of consumors in llo
counlry, BIS las oslabIislod a soparalo doparlmonl vill llo mandalory aim of providing
consumor proloclion and voIfaro and doaIing vill pubIic griovancos. Tlis doparlmonl
mainlains Iiaison vill ConlraI Consumor Iroloclion CounciI and consumor associalions and
coordinalos vill llo Minislry of Consumor Affairs and IubIic Dislribulion on consumor
issuos. A voII-dofinod procoduro las boon oslabIislod for landIing compIainls. Tlo com-
pIainls can aIso bo Iodgod on Iino, and aro monilorod roguIarIy.
vas inslilulod by llo BIS Will an objoclivo
lo oncourago manufaclurors and sorvico organizalions lo slrivo for oxcoIIonco, in 1991.
Tlo assossmonl for llis avard is mado on llo basis of paramolors, sucl as, Ioadorslip,
IoIicios objoclivos and Slralogios, Human Rosourcos Managomonl, Rosourcos, Irocossos,
Cuslomor Iocus, ImpIoyoos Salisfaclion, Businoss RosuIls and Impacl on Invironmonl
and Socioly.
BIS lad sol up a singIo vindov CoII al ils loadquarlors
in Nov DoIli vlicl bocamo oporalionaI sinco 1997 vill llo aim of providing varioly
of informalion/assislanco. A numbor of onlropronours, consumors and profossionaIs
visil llis conlro.
To imparl lraining lo loclniaI and managomonl porsonnoI from induslry, consumor
organizalions, pubIic soclor undorlaIings, govornmonl bodios and dovoIoping
counlrios, BIS las oslabIislod, llo -
(NITS) al NOIDA (U.I.).
NITS conducls lraining on QuaIily Managomonl Sysloms as por IS/ISO 9001,
Invironmonl Managomonl Sysloms as por IS/ISO 14001, OccupalionaI HoaIll and
INDIA 2011
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Safoly Managomonl Sysloms as por IS 18001, Iood Safoly Managomonl Sysloms as
por IS/ISO 22000, HazardAnaIysis and CrilicaI ConlroI Ioinls (HACCI) and Iaboralory
Managomonl Sysloms as por IS/ISO/IIC 17025. Il aIso conducls InlornalionaI Training
Irogrammos in Slandardizalion and QuaIily Sysloms and on Managomonl sysloms
for dovoIoping counlrios of Asia, Africa, Iuropo and Ialin Amorica ovory yoar sinco
1968.
is a nalionaI rosourco conlro for informalion on slandards and
roIalod mallors and mools llo noods of induslry, lrado, govornmonl, rosoarclors and
consumors. Il is llo Iargosl Iibrary of slandards in llo Soull Asian Rogion, covoring
a fIoor aroa of 1000 squaro molors. Tlo Buroaus Iibrary syslom comprisos llo
Hoadquarlors Iibrary (Nov DoIli) and four RogionaI Offico Iibrarios al Mumbai,
KoIIala, Clandigarl and Clonnai. BIS las aIso boon dosignalod as WTO/TBT
Inquiry Ioinl by llo Minislry of Commorco, Govornmonl of India undor llo ToclnicaI
Barriors lo Trado Agroomonl of WorId Trado Organizalion.
Wheat-based Nutrition Programme
Tlo Sclomo is impIomonlod by llo Doparlmonl of Womon and CliId DovoIopmonl. Tlo
foodgrains aIIollod undor llis Sclomo aro uliIisod by llo Slalos/UTs undor Inlogralod
CliId DovoIopmonl Sclomo (ICDS) for providing nulrilious/onorgy food lo cliIdron boIov
6 yoars of ago and oxpoclanl/Iaclaling vomon.
Annapurna Scheme
Minislry of RuraI DovoIopmonl Iaunclod llis sclomo in 20002001. Indigonl sonior cilizons
of 65 yoars of ago or abovo vlo llougl oIigibIo for oId ago ponsion undor llo NalionaI
OId Ago Ionsion Sclomo (NOAIS) bul aro nol golling llo ponsion aro covorod undor llo
Sclomo. 10 Ig of foodgrains por porson por monll aro suppIiod froo of cosl undor llo
sclomo.
Irom 20022003, llo sclomo las boon lransforrod lo Slalo IIan aIong vill llo NalionaI
SociaI Assislanco Irogrammo comprising llo NalionaI OId Ago Ionsion Sclomo and llo
NalionaI IamiIy Bonofil Sclomo. Tlo funds for llo lransforrod sclomo aro boing roIoasod
by llo Minislry of Iinanco as AddilionaI ConlraI Assislanco (ACA) lo llo Slalo IIan and
llo Slalos lavo llo roquisilo fIoxibiIily in llo cloico of bonoficiarios and impIomonlalion
of llo Sclomo. Tlo impIomonlalion of llo Sclomo al llo ground rosls vill llo Slalos/
UTs.
Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana
Tlo Minislry of RuraI DovoIopmonl, vlicl is llo nodaI ConlraI Minislry for llo
programmo, Iaunclod llo Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana sclomo on 25ll Sopl., 01
for aII llo Slalos/UTs for organising various ompIoymonl gonoralion programmos.
INDIA 2011
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Undor llo Sclomo, 50 IaIl lonnos of foodgrains aro lo bo aIIollod lo llo Slalos/UTs
froo of cosl by Minislry of RuraI DovoIopmonl. Tlo Minislry of RuraI DovoIopmonl
viII roimburso llo cosl of foodgrains al oconomic cosl provaiIing al llo limo. Tlo
Minislry of RuraI DovoIopmonl las boon aullorizod lo communicalo lo ICI diroclIy
llo aIIocalions mado lo various Slalo Govornmonls undor llo sclomo.
SpociaI Compononl of Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana aims al oxlonding supporl lo
llo poopIo affoclod by naluraI caIamilios in Slalos/UTs. Ioodgrains aro roIoasod undor llo
spociaI compononl of SGRY by llo Minislry of RuraI DovoIopmonl, boing llo nodaI Minislry
for llo Sclomo, aflor llo approvaI of Doparlmonl of Iood and IubIic Dislribulion.
Save Grain Campaign (SGC)
Tlo sclomo is impIomonlod llrougl a nolvorI of 12 SGC officos in cIoso coIIaboralion
vill llo Slalo Govornmonls and NGOs. Tlo main objoclivo of llo sclomo is lo lransfor
llo loclnicaI Inov-lov dovoIopod by Indian Grain Slorago Managomonl and Rosoarcl
Inslilulo (IGMRI) lo llo farmors for minimising llo posl-larvosl Iossos in foodgrains.
Undor llo sclomo an assislanco for purclasing llo molaI bins and ollor inpuls ` 10,000
por nucIous viIIago is providod lo llo farmors.
INDIAN GRAIN STORAGE MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE (IGMRI)
Indian Grain Slorago Managomonl and Rosoarcl Inslilulo (IGMRI), Hapur, is ongagod in
llo lraining and R&D vorI roIaling lo grain slorago managomonl. Tlo Inslilulo las llroo
fioId slalions al Hydorabad, }orlal and Iudliana.
- -- -- Inlogralod slralogy for promolion of
agri businoss. Tlo objoclivo is lo incroaso IovoI of procossing of porislabIo food from
6 lo 20, vaIuo addilion from 20 lo 35 and slaro in gIobaI food lrado from
1.6 lo 3. Tlo IovoI of procossing for fruils and vogolabIos is onvisagod lo incroaso
from llo prosonl 2.2 lo 10 and 15 in 2010 and 2015 rospoclivoIy.
, Iood Safoly and Slandards Acl, 2006 vas nolifiod on
24ll Augusl, 06. Tlo Acl onabIos in romoving muIlipIicily of food Iavs and roguIalory
agoncios and provido singIo vindov lo food procossing soclor.
- -
al KundIi (Haryana) viII funclion as a InovIodgo conlro in food procossing. Corlificalo
of Incorporalion undor llo Companios acl 1956 las boon oblainod.
-- Irocossing of moal producls is Iiconsod undor Moal Iood Iroducls
Ordor 1973. Tlo lolaI procossing capacily in India is ovor 1 miIIion MT por annum,
of vlicl 4050 is uliIizod.
India oxporls moro llan 500,000 MT of moal of vlicl major slaro is llal of buffaIo
moal. Indian buffaIo moal is vilnossing slrong domand in inlornalionaI marIols duo lo
ils Ioan claraclor and noar organic naluro. India is llo 5ll Iargosl oxporlor of bovino moal
in llo vorId. Minislry of food Irocossing Induslrios is providing financiaI assislanco by
vay of granl-in-aid.
INDIA 2011
200
-- Tlo Minislry of Iood Irocossing Induslrios is promoling organizod
Dairy procossing soclor lo accompIisl upcoming domands of procossod dairy producls
India is llo numbor ono miII producing counlry in llo vorId, mainlaining llo lop
posilion sinco 1988, WorId miII produclion is oslimalod al 613 miIIion lonnos groving
al a CAGR of 1.1. Indian produclion slands al 91 miIIion lonnos groving al a CAGR
of 4. Dospilo a liglor grovll ralo, llo por capila avaiIabiIily of miII in India (229
grams por day) is Iovor llan llo vorId avorago (285 grams por day). BuffaIo miII
is oslimalod lo accounl for 57 of llo lolaI miII produclion in India.
- -- Will ils Iong coasl Iino of ovor 8000 Ims, 50600 sq Ims of conlinonlaI
sloIf aroa and 2.2 miIIion sq Im of IxcIusivo Iconomic Zono, India is bIossod vill
ricl fislory rosourcos. Al prosonl, lloro aro ovor 369 froozing unils vill a daiIy
procossing capacily of 10266 lonnos oul of vlicl 150 unils aro approvod for oxporl
lo IU. Minislry of Iood Irocossing Induslrios oxlonds financiaI assislanco for solling
up/loclnoIogy upgradalion/modornizalion of fisl procossing unils. During llo yoar
200607 (uplo Docombor 2006) 17 fisl procossing unils voro assislod.
Grain Processing
Tlo grain procossing induslrios incIudo miIIing of rico, vloal and puIsos. IinanciaI assis-
lanco las boon providod for solling up/modornizalion/oxpansion of llo unils. During 2006
07 (uplo Docombor 2006), llo Minislry sanclionod financiaI assislanco for 32 rico miIIing,
13 fIour miIIing, 62 odibIo oiI miIIing and 13 puIso miIIing unils.
Aerated Soft Drink
Sofl drinIs conslilulo llo 3rd Iargosl pacIagod foods roguIarIy consumod aflor pacIod loa
and pacIod biscuils. Tlo aoralod sofl drinIs induslry in India comprisos ovor 100 pIanls
across aII slalos. Il las allraclod ono of llo liglosl foroign dirocl invoslmonls in llo counlry.
Il las slrong forvard and bacIvard IinIagos vill gIass, pIaslic, rofrigoralion, sugar and
lransporlalion induslry. Tlo inslaIIod capacily of svoolonod/aoralod valor as on 01.01.2006
is roporlod lo bo 29.60 IaIl lons por annum.
Packaged Drinking Water
Tloro aro 218 companios, vlicl lavo boon granlod Iiconco for manufacluring pacIagod
drinIing valor and pacIagod naluraI minoraI valor. Tloro las boon a spurl in grovll in
llo Iasl 34 yoars, vlicl can IargoIy bo allribulod lo a rango of various pacIagod sizos
lo suil llo consumors. 80 of llo pacIagod valor saIo comos from llo buII conlainors
(5 Iilros and abovo).
Alcoholic Beverages
India is llo llird Iargosl marIol for aIcoloIic bovoragos in llo vorId. Tlo domand for spirils
and boor is oslimalod lo bo around 373 miIIion casos. Tloro aro 12 joinl vonluro companios
INDIA 2011
201
laving a Iiconsod capacily of 33919 IiIoIilros por annum for produclion of grain basod
aIcoloIic bovoragos. 56 unils aro manufacluring boor undor Iiconco from llo Govornmonl
of India. Tlo vino induslry in India providos considorabIo opporlunilios for vaIuo addilion
and ompIoymonl gonoralion in llo agro-procossing soclor.
National Test House
Tlo NalionaI Tosl Houso (NTH) is a Govornmonl Iaboralory of nalionaI imporlanco in llo
fioId of losling and ovaIualion of maloriaI and producls of aII onginooring branclos oxcopl
Iood, IlarmacoulicaIs and Arms and Ammunilions in llo gIobaI marIol. Tlo NTH vill
ils loadquarlors in KoIIala funclions llrougl six rogionaI Iaboralorios Iocalod in KoIIala,
Mumbai, Clonnai, Glaziabad, }aipur and Guvalali. Tlo objoclivo of NTH is lo improvo
Indian Iroducls lo mool llo roquiromonls of NalionaI/InlornalionaI Slandards for lloir
accoplabiIily.
A IiIol Irojocl NulrilionaI Irogrammo for AdoIosconl GirIs (NIAG) vas Iaunclod
by llo IIanning Commission iniliaIIy for aporiod of lvo yoars, 200203 and 2003
04 in 51 idonlifiod dislricls, in lvo of llo bacIvard dislricls in oacl of llo major
Slalos and mosl popuIous dislricl (oxcIuding llo capilaI dislricl) in romaining smaIIor
Slalos/UTs in llo counlry. Tlis sclomo vas roslarlod in 200506. Minislry of Womon
and CliId DovoIopmonl adminislors llo sclomo al llo conlraI IovoI and Slalo/UT
Govornmonls impIomonl llo sclomo al slalo IovoI.
Imorgoncy Iooding Irogrammo is a food-basod inlorvonlion largolod for oId, infirm
and doslilulo porsons boIonging lo BII lousoloIds lo provido llom food socurily
in lloir dislross condilions. Tlis vas unlroducod in May, 2001. Tlo Sclomo is boing
impIomonlod by Govornmonl of Odisla in oigll KBK (KaIalandi BoIangir Korapul)
Dislricls.
In }uno 1997, llo Govornmonl of India Iaunclod llo Targollod IubIic Dislribulion Syslom
(TIDS) vill focus on llo poor. Undor llo TIDS Slalos roquirod lo formuIalo and
impIomonl fooIproof arrangomonl for idonlificalion of llo poor for doIivory of foodgrains
and for ils dislribulion in a lransparonl and accounlabIo mannor al llo IIS IovoI.
In ordor lo maIo TIDS moro focusod and largolod lovards llo poorosl soclion of
popuIalion, llo Anlyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) vas Iaunclod in Docombor, 2000
for ono croro poor famiIios.
India is a mombor of InlornalionaI Grains CounciI (IGC) vlicl vas proviousIy Inovn
as InlornalionaI Wloal CounciI up lo 1995 and is an inlorgovornmonlaI forum of
oxporling and imporling counlrios for cooporalion in vloal and coarso grain mallors.
Govornmonl of India is aIIocaling food grains al BII ralos lo llo bonoficiarios
boIonging lo BII calogory undor llo dovoIopmonl sclomos adminislorod by
InlornalionaI Organisalions IiIo WorId Iood Irogrammo.
In pursuanco lo llo docision laIon in llo 14ll SAARC Summil loId in Nov DoIli
on 34 ApriI, 2007, llo Hoads of Slalos of SAARC counlrios lavo signod llo Agroomonl
on oslabIisling llo SAARC Iood BanI.
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202
OiIsood produclion gainod momonlum vill improving yioIds vill llo Iauncling of
llo ToclnoIogy Mission on OiIsoods by llo Govornmonl in 1986. Tlo counlry las
boon rosorling lo imporl of odibIo oiIs lo bridgo llo gap bolvoon llo domand and
suppIy. Tlo imporl poIicy vas furllor IiboraIisod from 1sl ApriI, 1999 aIIoving imporl
of aII odibIo oiIs oxcopl coconul oiI.
Tlo VogolabIo OiI Induslry is adminislorod llrougl llo foIIoving conlroI/roguIalion
ordors: (i) VogolabIo OiI Iroducls (RoguIalion) Ordor, 1998, (ii) IdibIo OiIs IacIaging
(RoguIalion) Ordor, 1998, and (iii) SoIvonl Ixlraclod OiI, Do-OiIod MoaI and IdibIo
IIour (ConlroI) ordor, 1967. Tloso ordors aro slalulory in naluro and dorivo lloir
povors from llo IssonliaI Commodilios Acl, 1955. Tloro aro 258 Vanaspali unils in
llo counlry vill an annuaI capacily of 58 IaIl MTs.
Sugar produclion in India las boon cycIic in naluro. Duo lo good monsoon and
incroaso in sugarcano aroa undor cuIlivalion, sugar produclion from sugarcano during
llo soasons 200607 and 200708 incroasod subslanliaIIy lo 282 IaIl lonos and 263
IaIl lonos rospoclivoIy.
Tlo ConlraI Govornmonl fixos llo Slalulory Minimum Irico (SMI) of sugarcano for
oacl sugar soason. Tlo SMI is fixod on llo basis of llo rocommondalions of llo
Commission for AgricuIluraI Cosls and Iricos (CACI) and aflor consuIling llo Slalo
Govornmonls and associalions of sugar induslry and cano grovors.
Tlo sclomo las gol llroo compononls, namoIy Moga Iood IarIs, inlogralod CoId
Clain and Solling up/Modornisalion of Aballoirs.
Tlo Slandards of Woiglls and Moasuros Acl, 1976 and llo Slandard of Woiglls and
Moasuros (Inforcomonl) Acl, 1985 provido for llo oslabIislmonl of slandards of
voiglls and moasuros and onforcomonl lloroof rospoclivoIy. To maIo voiglls and
moasuros Iav moro lransparonl and simpIo, a comprolonsivo acl namoIy Tlo IogaI
MolroIogy Acl, 2009 las boon onaclod by llo IarIiamonl. Tlo saIo of commodilios
in propacIod form is roguIalod by llo slandards of voiglls & moasuro (pacIagod
commodilios) RuIos 1977.
INDIA 2011
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Yoar -

200506 0.29 0.67 0.96 0.53 1.21 1.74
200607 0.29 0.67 0.96 0.53 1.21 1.74
200708 0.32 0.70 1.02 0.59 1.29 1.88
200809 0.35 0.71 1.06 0.63 1.28 1.91
200910 0.39 0.70 1.09 0.66 1.30 1.96
-
-- - - - -
- -
- --
ConlraI HoaIll Iducalion Buroau Nov DoIli, Inlorprol pIans, programmos, acloivomonl
6 Doc., 1956 of minislry of HoaIll and famiIy vaIfaro
NalionaI Acadomy of ModicaI Scionco Nov DoIli, 1961
NalionaI Inslilulo of Ayurvoda }aipur
NalionaI Inslilulo of Siddla Clonnai
NalionaI Inslilulo of Unani Modicino BangaIoro
Morarji Dosai NalionaI Inslilulo of Nov DoIli
Yoga
NalionaI Inslilulo of Naluropally Iuno
NalionaI Inslilulo of Homoopally KoIIala
Rasllriya Ayurvodic Vidyapooll Nov DoIli
Tlo Inslilulo of Iosl Gradualo }amnagar
Toacling and Rosoarcl in Ayurvod (Gujaral)
HealthandFamily
Welfare
16
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Tlo Minislry of HoaIll and IamiIy WoIfaro comprisos llo foIIoving doparlmonls:
Doparlmonl of HoaIll and IamiIy WoIfaro, Doparlmonl of AYUSH, Doparlmonl of
HoaIll Rosoarcl and Doparlmonl of AIDS conlroI.
HoaIllcaro is ono of llo 7 llrusl aroas undor llo
(NCMI) and improvomonl in loaIll conlinuos lo bo an imporlanl parl
in llo ovoraII slralogy for socio-oconomic dovoIopmonl ovor llo pIanning poriod. Tlo
spociaI focus givon lo HoaIll Soclor in llo NCMI las formod llo coro of llo
programmos formuIalod undor boll HoaIll and IamiIy WoIfaro.
Tlo -- (NRHM) Iaunclod by IM on 12ll ApriI,
2005, is llo Ioy pIan for giving offocl lo llo mandalo of llo NCMI. Tlo NRHM
aIso providos an ovorarcling umbroIIa lo llo oxisling programmos of HoaIll
& IamiIy WoIfaro incIuding RCH-II, Voclor Borno Disoaso ConlroI Irogrammo,
TB, Ioprosy, NICB and llo Inlogralod Disoaso SurvoiIIanco Irojocl. Il aIso
addrossos llo issuo of loaIll in llo conloxl of a soclor vido approacl
oncompassing sanilalion and lygiono, nulrilion and safo drinIing valor as basic
dolorminanls of good loaIll and aIso advocalos groalor convorgonco vill
roIalod sociaI soclor Doparlmonls. Tlo coro slralogios of llo Mission incIudo
idonlificalion and soIoclion of llo Accrodilod SociaI HoaIll Aclivisl (ASHA),
doconlraIizod pIanning, slronglloning of oxisling infraslrucluro IiIo sub-conlros,
IHCs and CHCs, adoplion of a soclor vido approacl, fIoxibIo financing,
communily parlicipalion, manpovor dovoIopmonl and parlnorslip vill non-
govornmonl slaIoloIdors. MalornaI and cliId loaIll viII bo givon a basic llrusl
on llo programmo fronl. Moniloring vouId bo communily basod and llrougl
slringonl inlornaI roviovs and oxlornaI survoys. Tlo NRHM is aboul incroasing
pubIic oxpondiluro on loaIll caro from llo curronl 0.9 of llo GDI lo 2 lo 3
por conl.
Tlo Iradlan Manlri Svasllya SuraIsla Yojana (IMSSY) is a major inilialivo for
dovoIoping lorliary loaIllcaro in llo counlry. Il is aIso oxpoclod lo roduco imbaIanco
in luman rosourcos dovoIopmonl by providing loaIll caro sorvicos llrougl
oslabIislmonl of modicaI coIIogos and an improvod doIivory of sorvicos. Undor
IMSSY, 6 AII India Inslilulo of ModicaI Scionco (AIIMS) IiIo inslilulions aro lo bo sol
up and 13 modicaI coIIogos upgradod.
Tlo gonoraI condilion of Indias popuIalion las improvod significanlIy sinco llo
1990s. Tlo avorago Iifo oxpoclancy al birll las incroasod from 59.7 yoars in 1991 lo
63.7 yoars for maIos and 60.9 lo 66.9 yoars during llo samo poriod for fomaIos. Infanl
morlaIily, crudo birll ralo and doall ralos lavo aIso rogislorod a docIino during llo
poriod.
Tlo major aroas of curronl focus incIudo conlinuodligl morbidily duo lo communicabIo
disoasos, rising disoaso burdon duo lo non-communicabIo disoasos and nulrilionaI
probIoms. Tlo unmol nood for conlracoplion and ligl unvanlod forliIily aro llo ollor
aroas of major concorn.
INDIA 2011
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NATIONAL VECTOR BORNE DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAMME
Tlo Dirocloralo of NalionaI Voclor Borno Disoasos ConlroI Irogrammo is llo nalionaI nodaI
agoncy for provonlion and conlroI of major voclor borno disoasos of pubIic loaIll impor-
lanco namoIy MaIaria, IiIaria, KaIa-azar, }apanoso IncoplaIilis (}.I.),Donguo/Donguo
Homorrlagic fovor (DHI) and CliIungunya.
Malaria
MaIaria is an aculo parasilic iIInoss causod by IIasmodiumfaIciparum or IIasmodium vivax.
Nino major spocios of anoploIino mosquiloos, lransmil maIaria in India. Tlo ligl lrans-
mission aroas aro llo Norll Iaslorn Slalos and IargoIy lribaI aroas of Andlra Iradosl,
Cllallisgarl, Gujaral, }larIland, Madlya Iradosl, Malarasllra, Odisla and Rajasllan.
A Granl Agroomonl vas signod vill GIobaI Iund for AIDS, TuborcuIosis and MaIaria
(GIATM) on 27ll }uno, 2005 for llo impIomonlalion of Inlonsifiod MaIaria ConlroI Irojocl
(IMCI) in NI Slalos (oxcopl SiIIim), soIoclod ligl risI aroas of Odisla, }larIland and
Wosl BongaI. In 100 dislricls in 8 slalos, namoIy Andlra Iradosl, Cllallisgarl, }larIland,
Gujaral, Madlya Iradosl, Malarasllra, Odisla and Rajasllan, 1045 IHCs prodominanlIy
inlabilod by lribaIs voro aIso providod 100 por conl supporl incIuding oporalionaI oxponsos
undor llo Inlancod MaIaria ConlroI Irojocl (IMCI) vill WorId BanI assislanco, sinco
1997. WorId BanI Nov Irojocl on MaIaria ConlroI and KaIa-azar IIiminalion for a poriod
of 5 yoars v.o.f. 200809 (commoncing from 1sl Soplombor, 2008) las boon approvod by
WorId BanI.
Filaria
Iymplalic IiIariasis is a sorious dobiIilaling and incapacilaling disoaso. Tlo lransmission
of fiIaria is llrougl mosquiloos caIIod CuIox quinquofascialus.Tlo disoaso is largolod for
GIobaI IIiminalion by 2020 llrougl annuaI Mass Day Adminislralion (MDA) of singIo doso
of anli-fiIariaI drug. In llis conloxl, a piIol projocl on singIo doso annuaI mass DIC drug
adminislralion vas undorlaIon during 1997. Tlo NalionaI HoaIll IoIicy (2002) onvisagod
a goaI of Iymplalic IiIariasis IIiminalion from llo counlry by llo yoar 2015. In pursuanco
lo llis, Govornmonl of India Iaunclod llo campaign of an annuaI mass drug adminislralion
(MDA) vill a singIo doso of Diollycarbamazino cilralo labIols llo anlifiIaria drug in
llo yoar 2004. ApopuIalion of 276.7 miIIion vas covorod againsl oIigibIo popuIalion of 378.1
(oxcIuding prognanl vomon, cliIdron boIov 2 yoars and soriousIy iII porsons) miIIion
indicaling llo covorago ralo of 73.19 (againsl oIigibIo popuIalion). Tlo disoaso is ondomic
in 250 dislricls in 20 slalos and UTs.
Dengue Fever/Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever
Donguo fovor is a viraI disoaso, vlicl is lransmillod by llo Aodos aogypli mosquiloos.
Tlo firsl oul broaI of Donguo fovor/DHI vas roporlod from KoIIala in 1963. AII llo four
sorolypos of donguo aro provaIonl in India. In roconl yoars, Donguo is incroasingIy boing
INDIA 2011
206
roporlod from pori-urban and ruraI aroas. Tlo mosl affoclod aroas aro Wosl BongaI, DoIli,
KoraIa, TamiI Nadu, Gujaral, KarnalaIa, Malarasllra, Rajasllan, Iunjab and Haryana
onaclmonl and onforcomonl of approprialo Civic byo-Iavs and BuiIding byo-Iavs slouId
slrossod upon in aII urban aroas lo provonl mosquilogonic condilions in Iino vill llo DoIli,
Mumbai, Goa and Clandigarl loaIll adminislralions.
Chikungunya
CliIungunya is a non-falaI viraI iIInoss causod by CliIungunya virus vlicl las occurrod
in India during 2006 aflor a gap of 32 yoars. Il rosombIos donguo fovor. Il is sproad by
llo bilo of fomaIo Aodos mosquiloos. Boll and - can lransmil llo
disoaso.
Japanese Encephalitis (JE)
}apanoso IncoplaIilis is a zoonolic disoaso vlicl is lransmillod by voclor mosquilo mainIy
boIonging lo cuIox vislnui group. Tlo lransmission cycIo is mainlainod in llo naluro by
animaI rosorvoirs of }I virus IiIo pigs and valor birds.
}apanoso IncoplaIilis is an aculo viraI iIInoss vill ligl caso falaIily and Iong lorm
compIicalions. Tlo voclor broods in Iargo paddy fioIds and simiIar Iargo valor bodios. Tlo
voclor is an ouldoor roslor and foodor. Tlo disoaso las acquirod sorious magniludo in llo
slalos of Ullar Iradosl, Andlra Iradosl, Wosl BongaI, Assam, TamiI Nadu, KarnalaIa,
KoraIa, Bilar, Goa, and Haryana. Tloro is no spocific lroalmonl for }I. Ifforls voro mado
by slalos and Govornmonl of India lo conlain }I oulbroaIs by insliluling various pubIic
loall moasuros incIuding soIoclivo }I vaccinalion. Considoring llo vaIuo of vaccinalion
in provonlion of }I, llo Conlro Iaunclod a }I vaccinalion programmo during 2006 for
cliIdron bolvoon 1 and 15 yoars of ago in 11 dislricls of llo 5 slalos of Ullar Iradosl,
Bilar, Assam, KarnalaIa and Wosl BongaI vill using singIo doso Iivo allonualod SA-14-
14-2 vaccino. Tlo programmo oxpandod lo 27 dislricls in 9 slalos during 2008.
Kala-azar
KaIa-azar is a parasilic disoaso causod by Ioislmania donovani lransmillod by sandfIios
IlIobolomus argonlipos. Tlo disoaso is clronic and if nol lroalod, Ioads lo doall. KaIa-
azar is ondomic in Bilar, }larIland, Wosl BongaI and parls of Ullar Iradosl. Tlo NalionaI
HoaIll IoIicy 2002 onvisagod a goaI of KaIa-azar IIiminalion by llo yoar 2010. To pursuo
llo goaI of oIiminalion of KaIa-azar by llo yoar 2010, llo Govornmonl of India is providing
100 supporl lo ondomic slalos sinco 2003.
Tuberculosis
TuborcuIosis is a major pubIic loaIll probIom in India. India accounls for ono-fifll of llo
gIobaI TB incidonco and is oslimalod lo lavo llo liglosl numbor of aclivo TB casos amongsl
aII llo counlrios of llo WorId.
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To conlroI TB, NalionaI TuborcuIosis ConlroI Irogrammo (NTCI) is Iaunclod in 1962
foIIovod by a roviov il vas ropIacod Rovisod NalionaI TB ConlroI Irogrammo (RNTCI),
vlicl is an appIicalion lo India of WHO rocommondod slralogy of DiroclIy Obsorvod
Troalmonl Slorlcourso (DOTS), vas Iaunclod in llo counlry on 26ll Marcl, 1997. RNTCI
vas impIomonlod in a plasod mannor and by 23rd Marcl, 2006 llo onliro counlry lad
boon covorod undor RNTCI.
National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP)
Tlo NalionaI Ioprosy ConlroI Irogrammo vas Iaunclod by llo Govornmonl of India in
1955 basod on Dopsono Monollorapy. MuIli Drug Tlorapy (MDT) camo inlo vido uso from
1982 aflor vlicl llo programmo vas ro-namod as llo NalionaI Ioprosy Iradicalion
Irogrammo (NIII) in 1983. NIII vas doconlraIizod lo Slalos/Dislricl and Ioprosy
sorvicos voro inlogralod vill GonoraI HoaIll Caro Syslom 20012002 onvards. Iroo MuIli
Drug Tlorapy (MDT) is boing providod al aII sub-conlros, IHCs, Govornmonl HospilaIs
and disponsarios on aII vorIing days. Subsoquonl lo llo inlroduclion of NRHM, Ioprosy
programmo las aIso boon an ossonliaI parl of llo Mission.
Tlo IIC aclivilios lavo boon inlonsifiod and spociaI IIC drivo on llo llomo Tovards
Ioprosy froo India las boon Iaunclod sinco }anuary, 2008. As on Marcl, 2009, 32 Slalos/
UTs lavo acliovod llo goaI of Ioprosy oIiminalion. Tlo romaining 3 Slalos/UT viz. Bilar,
Cllallisgarl and Dadra and Nagar HavoIi aro laving IR moro llan 1 por 10,000
popuIalion.
National Programme for Control of Blindness
NalionaI Irogrammo for ConlroI of BIindnoss (NICB) vas Iaunclod in llo yoar 1976 as
a 100 ConlraIIy Sponsorod sclomo vill llo goaI lo roduco llo provaIonco of bIindnoss
lo 0.3 by 2020.
- To provonl luman doalls
duo lo rabios a piIol projocl las boon inilialod as a Nov Inilialivo in llo 11ll Iivo
Yoar IIan sinco Marcl 2008, lo bo compIolod by Marcl 2010. -
--- (NICD) is llo nodaI agoncy lo coordinalo various aclivilios
undor llo projocl. Il is boing carriod oul in fivo cilios viz, Alomdabad, BangaIoro,
DoIli, Iuno and Madurai.
--- To provonl morbidily and
morlaIily duo lo Ioplospirosis in luman, a piIol projocl las boon inilialod as a Nov
Inilialivo in llo 11ll Iivo Yoar IIan for lvo yoars (Marcl 2008 lo Marcl 2010). NCDC
is llo nodaI agoncy and llo llroo slalos undor llo projocl aro Gujaral, KoraIa and
TamiI Nadu.
A comprolonsivo lobacco conlroI IogisIalion
lilIod Tlo Cigarollos and Ollor Tobacco Iroducls (Irolibilion of Advorlisomonl
and RoguIalion of Trado and Commorco, Iroduclion, SuppIy and Dislribulion) Acl,
2003 vas nolifiod in llo officiaI gazollo on 19ll May, 2003. Tlo Acl is appIicabIo lo
INDIA 2011
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vloIo of India and covors aII lypos of lobacco producls. IiIol plaso of NalionaI
Tobacco ConlroI Irogrammo vas Iaunclod in 200708.
---
--- --
Iood and moull disoaso Virus
Rindorposl (callIo pIaguo) Virus
BIuo Tonguo Virus (lransmillod by mosquiloos)
Cov pox (Vaccinia) Vaccinia Virus
RaniIlol Disoaso Virus
(Nov caslIo disoaso)
Marcls Disoaso Virus
(IovI paraIysis)
IovI pIaguo Virus
IovI pox Virus
(Avian dipllloria)
TuborcuIosis Bacloria (lransmillod by infoclod miII and miII producls)
Anllrax (spIonic fovor) Anllrax BaciIIus
BIacIquarlor (BIacI Iog) Bacloria: CIoslridium clauvooi
Maslilis Bacloria: Slroplococci and SlaplyIococci
}olnos Disoaso BaciIIus paraluborcuIosis
BrucoIIosis Bacloria
(Bangs Disoaso) BrucoIIa
SaImonoIIosis
Iool rol Bacloria: Iusiformis nodosus
Haomorrlagic Disoaso Bacloria
(Bovino paslouroIIosis, IaslouroIIa
Slipping fovor, slipping MuIlocida
pnoumonia)
IovI lyploid SaImonoIIa gaIIinarum
Ringvorm MouId (fungus) Microsporon, Tricloplylon, Ipidormoplylon
Triclomoniasis Irolozoan, - - (Transmillod llrougl coilus)
Coccidiosis Irolozoan: -
Trypanosomiassis Irolozoan: - -
Babosiosis Irolozoan: - - (Transmillod by licI)
Snoring disoaso Tromalodo (fIuIo) -- -
Iivor rol Iivor fIuIo -
MoasIy boof Tapovorm:
INDIA 2011
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---
-- -- -
MaIaria RBC and Iivor IIasmodium IomaIo Iovor vill slivoring
AnoploIios
Iyorrlooa Gums - BIooding from gums
-
SIooping Brain Trypanosoma Tso-Tso fIios Iovor vill sovoro sIoop
sicInoss
Diarrlooa Inloslino Inlamooba Houso fIios Mucous and Diarroloa
HisloIylica vill bIood
KaIa-ajar Bono marrov Ioismania Sand fIios Higl fovor
donovani
IiIaria - Wucloroia CuIox SvoIIing in Iogs,
baoncrofli moszuiloos loslos and
ollor parls of body
--- -
Tolanus Norvous syslom - Higl fovor, spasm in body,
CIosing of javs olc.
CloIora Inloslino Conlinuous slooI and vomiling
Typloid Inloslino - Higl fovor, loadaclo
TuborcuIosis Iungs Ropoalod cougling
--
Dipllloria Rospiralory lubo DifficuIly in rospiralion and
suffocalion
IIaguo Iungs, aroa bolvoon - -- Vory ligl fovor, muscuIar
llo lvo Iogs oruplions on llo body
Wlooping Rospiralory syslom - -- Conlinuous cougling
cougl
Inoumonia Iungs - Higl fovor, svoIIing in Iungs
Ioprosy Norvous Syslom Spols on body, norvos

SIin
Gonorrloa Urinary Iall -- SvoIIing in urinary pall.
SypliIis Urinary pall Wounds in urinogoniaI lracl

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--- - -
AIDS Dofonsivo syslom HIV Immuno syslom of body
(WBC) bocamo voaI
Donguo fovor WloIo body parlicuIarIy Iain in oyos, muscIos, load
load, oyos and joinls. and joinls
IoIio Tlroal, bacIbono norvo IiIio virus Iovor, body pain, bacI bono
and inloslino coIIs aro
doslroyod.
InfIuonza (fIu) WloIo body Mixo virus Suffocalion, snoozing,
roslIossnoss.
ClicIon pox WloIo body VarioIa virus Higl fovor, rodisl oruplion on
body.
SmaII pox WloIo body VaricoIIa virus Iigll fovor, oruplion of biIo on
body.
Goilro Iarallyroid gIand - DifficuIly in oponing llo
moull vill fovor.
MoasIos WloIo body MorboIi virus Rodisl oruplions on body.
Tracloma Iyos Roddisl oyos, pain in oyos.
Hopalilis Iivor YoIIov urino, Iyos and sIin
or jaundico bocomo yoIIov.
Rabios Norvous syslom Rabios virus Tlo palionl bocomos mad
vill sovor loadaclo & ligl
fovor.
Moningilis Brain Higl fovor.
Horpos SIin Horpos SvoIIing in sIin.
--- -
Asllama AsporgiIIus fumigalus Obslrucls llo funclions of Iungs.
AllIolos fool Tonia podos CracIing of fool
Scabios Acarus scabios Wlilo spols found on llo sIin
BaIdnoss Taonia capilios Hair of llo load faIIs
Ringvorm TrycoplylonIorucosum Round rod spol on llo sIin
-- ---
A. Iroloin KvasliorIor CliIdron bocomo irrilabIo, coaso lo grov, Ioso
voigll, sIinpigmonlod, polboIIy duo lo rolonlion
of valor by llo coIIs (oodoma), monlaI rolardalion
INDIA 2011
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Iroloin Slorlago Marasmus MuscIo dogonoralion, llinning of Iimbs and
abdominaI vaII, ribs prominonl, sIinpigmonlalion
and oodoma absonl.
B. MinoraIs Irondoficioncy Doficioncy of laomogIobininRBCs, porsons IooI
(a) Iron anaomia paIo, Ioso appolilo and faliguo oasiIy
(b) Iolassium (K) HypoIaIomia Ioss of Kinsovoro vomiling and aculo diarrlooa.
Riso in loarl-boal ralo, Iidnoy damago, voaInoss
and paraIysis of muscIos
(c) Sodium (Na) Hyponalromia Ioss of Na, dolydralion, IovbIood prossuro, Ioss
of body voigll
(d) Iodino (I) SimpIo goilro InIargomonl of llyroid duo lo IovIodino conlonl
in drinIing valor
(o) CaIcium (Ca) RicIols and Rofor vilamin D doficioncy
OsloomaIacia
C. Vilamins
(a) Vilamin A (i) XoroplllaImia or IaclrimaI gIands slop producing loars Ioading lo
dry oyo bIindnoss
(ii) Dormalosis Dry and scaIy sIin
(iii) Nigll bIindnoss InabiIily lo soo in llo darI or in dim Iigll
(b) Vilamin
B-CompIox
B
1
(lliamino) Bori-bori Ixlromo voaInoss, svoIIing and painin llo Iogs,
Ioss of appolilo, loadaclo, onIargod loarl and
slorlnoss of broall.
B
2
(ribofIavin) AribofIavinosis BIurrod vision, buring and soronoss of oyo and
longuo, cracIing of sIin al angIo of moull.
B
12
(cobaIamin) Iornicious or Roduclion in laomogIobin conlonl duo lo
mogaIobIaslic dislurbanco of RBC formalion in bono marrov
anaomia
Niacin IoIIagra Tip and IaloraI margins of longuo, moull and
gums bocomo rod, svoIIon and dovoIop uIcors.
sIin rod and ilcly on lands, fool, oIbovs, vrisls
and Inoos.
(c) Vilamin C Scurvy Iain in joinls, Ioss of voigll, anaomia, gums
(ascorbic acid) bocomo spongy, svoIIon and bIood oasiIy, looll
Iossos and fragiIo.
(d) Vilamin D RicIols Occurs in cliIdron. Soflnoss and doformilios of
bonos bov Iogs and pigoon closls duo lo Ioss
of bono Ca.
OsloomaIacia Occurs in aduIls, soflnoss and pain in bonos
vliclfracluro oasiIy, bondingof vorlobraI coIumn.
INDIA 2011
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National Aids Control Programme (NACP)
As por rovisod oslimalos carriod oul during 2006 llo numbor
of porsons Iiving vill HIV in llo counlry is 2 lo 3.1 miIIion vill an oslimalod aduIl HIV
provaIonco of 0.36. Andlra Iradosl, KarnalaIa, Malarasllra and TamiI Nadu conlribulo
63 of llo HIV infoclod porsons in llo counlry. In ordor lo conlroI llo sproad of HIV/
AIDS, govornmonl of India is impIomonling llo NACI as a 100 conlraIIy sponsorod
sclomo. Iaunclod in }uIy 2007, NACI plaso-III (20072012) las llo goaI lo laIl and llo
opidomic inllo counlry ovor llo noxl 5 yoars by inlograling programmos, provonlion, caro,
supporl and lroalmonl.
- - Tlo Targolod Inlorvonlion (TI)
projocls aim lo inlorrupl HIV lransmission among liglIy vuInorabIo popuIalions. As on
dalo, 871 Targolod Inlorvonlions aro oporalionaI in various slalos and UTs in llo counlry.
Saluralion of aII ligl risI groups llrougl 2100 TIs and dovoIopmonl of 50 of TIs inlo
CBOs is llo largol undor NACI-III. RoconlIy, OraI Subslilulion Tlorapy (OST) las boon
inlroducod in llo NalionaI Irogrammo as a parl of llo Harm Roduclion Slralogy lo bring
dovn HIV infoclion among injoclibIo drug usors.
Aboul 1.1 of llo lransmission is llrougl conlaminalod bIood. Tlo goaI
is lo roduco llo lransmission llrougl bIood lo Ioss llan 1. Ovor 1088 bIood banIs lavo
boon modornizod, ovor 59 of llo lolaI bIood unils coIIoclod llrougl VoIunlary BIood
Donalion and a syslom of mandalory scrooning of bIood for HIV, Hopalilis B&C, maIaria
and sypliIis is onforcod. Tlis las onabIod roducing lransmission of HIV infoclion llrougl
conlaminalod bIood from aboul 6.07 (1999), 4.61 (2003), 2.07 (2005), 1.96 (2006) lo
1.1 (2007). Undor llo oxisling roguIalory framovorI, aII llo bIood unils aro mandaloriIy
loslod againsl fivo Transfusion TransmissibIo Infoclions (TTIs) HIV, Hopalilis-B, Hopalilis-
C, SypliIis and MaIaria. OnIy llo bIood unils froo from lloso TTIs aro usod for lransfusion
purposos.
- - - Tlo ICTCs lavo boon oslabIislod
al modicaI coIIogos, dislricl lospilaIs, sub dislricl IovoI lospilaIs and fov communily loaIll
conlros and il is proposod lo furllor oxlond llo sorvicos lo aII llo CHCs and 24 lours
IHCs in llo counlry.
--- AII llo ICTCs conlros aro nov providing
counsoIing and losling sorvicos lo prognanl vomon. HospilaIs vill Iargo numbor of ANCs
& inslilulionaI doIivorios provido an ICTC in llo Obslrolics & GynaocoIogy doparlmonl.
- - During 2006, NACO and RCH division joinlIy
issuod a manuaI on managomonl of STIs, so as lo slrongllon llo sorvicos in llo govornmonl
loaIll faciIilios }oinl lraining maloriaI las aIso boon dovoIopod. A pacIago for invoIvomonl
of privalo plysicians in llo Calogory A&B dislricls las boon dovoIopod. Modicinos aro
undor procuromonl in coIourod carlons for oacl STI syndromo lo faciIilalo llo managomonl
of STI in llo poriploraI loaIll faciIilios.
Govornmonl of India announcod a poIicy cum programmo commil-
monl for providing froo ART vill offocl from 1sl ApriI, 2004. AnlirolroviraI lroalmonl
(ART) is a combinalion of al Ioasl 3 ARV drugs llal is givon lo HIV infoclod individuaIs
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onco lloy roacl a slago of advancod immuno-supprossion. Socond Iino ARV drugs aro boing
providod froo of cosl al Mumbai and Clonnai from 2008. A lolaI of 159 communily caro
conlros lavo aIso boon oslabIislod in ligl provaIonco slalos lo onabIo IoopIo Iiving vill
HIV/AIDS (IIHA) lo gol usod lo ART, lo provido CounsoIing and foIIov-up advico on
drug adloronco, managomonl of opporlunislic Infoclions and Nulrilion CounsoIIing, lo
provido pro-ART caro for lloso IIHA vlo aro nol yol on ART llrougl oulroacl and lomo-
basod sorvicos. To roduco inconvonionco and indirocl oxpondiluros of palionls, 46 drug
disponsing conlros lavo boon oslabIislod IinIod lo llo ART conlro. Tloso IinI conlros viII
roquiro llo palionls lo go lo llo ART conlros onIy 2 limos insload of 12 as al prosonl. Socond
Iino lroalmonl las boon inlroducod on a piIol basis in 2 conlros and 42 porsons aro boing
lroalod.
In ordor lo provido comprolonsivo Caro and
Supporl (incIuding ART) lo cliIdron infoclod and affoclod by HIV, NACO las Iaunclod
NalionaI Iaodialric AIDS Inilialivo on 30ll Novombor, 2006. Ior llis inilialivo NACO, aIong
vill llo Indian Acadomy of Iaodialrics (IAI), UNICII, WHO and CIinlon Ioundalion, las
dovoIopod guidoIinos for paodialric ART. ARV drugs in paodialric formuIalions aro avaiIabIo
al aII ART conlros. Numbor of cliIdron rocoiving ART incroasod from 1800 boforo Oclobor
2006 lo 9925 in May 2008. 32,500 aro roporlod and boing monilorod. Ollor aclivilios undor
llis inilialivo incIudo oslabIislomonl of sovon RogionaI Iaodialric Conlros, froo CD4
moniloring, froo DNA ICR losl for cliIdron up lo 18 monlls, Iiquid formuIalions for babios
voigling Ioss llan 5 Ig, diagnosis and lroalmonl of opporlunislic infoclions and micro
nulrionl suppIomonlalion. Tlo inilialivo aIso incIudos lraining of paodialricians and coun-
soIIars, oslabIisling Iaboralorios for diagnosis, inlroduclion of Driod BIood Supporl syslom
lo lransporl driod bIood sampIos. Caro and Supporl for CIHA (CliIdron Iiving vill HIV/
AIDS) orplans and vuInorabIo cliIdron forms an inlograI parl of NACI III.
Condom programmo is conlraI lo HIV/AIDS provonlion al llo
inlorvonlion IovoI. Tlo uso of condoms is promolod as a proloclion againsl STIs and HIV/
AIDS in addilion lo IamiIy IIanning. Condom uso is promolod and condoms providod
al aII ICTCS and ART conlros and aIso llo STI cIinics. In 2006, 1250 miIIion condoms voro
suppIiod froo, 604 miIIion voro dislribulod llrougl sociaI marIoling vliIo 389 miIIion
llrougl commorciaI marIoling. 11025 Condom Vonding Maclinos lavo boon inslaIIod and
anollor 11000 aro in llo procoss of boing inslaIIod. 3.5 biIIion condoms aro largolod lo bo
dislribulod llrougl 3 miIIion oulIols during NACI-III.
- NACO is vorIing on a
communicalion slralogy vlicl is a slifl from avaronoss gonoralion lo bringing aboul
bolaviour clango. NACO las focusod on roduclion of sligma and discriminalion, promo-
lion of sorvicos viz., counsoIing & losling, ART, roulinisalion of condom uso and bIood
safoly. SpociaI omplasis las boon givon lo youll and vomon vlo aro moro vuInorabIo
lo HIV infoclion. A cadro of viIIago IovoI IinI vorIors aro going lo bo sol up in A & B
calogory dislricls for focusod inlorvonlions of BCC. Inlonsivo IIC among gonoraI popu-
Ialions las rosuIlod in incroasing avaronoss of HIV/AIDS among ruraI popuIalions lo
aboul 75 (BSS 2006). Undor llo adoIosconl oducalion program, ovor 1,14,345 ligl sclooIs
lavo boon covorod vill HIV/AIDS and Iifo sIiII oducalion programs. Tlo Rod Ribbon
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Ixpross Iaunclod on 1.12.2007 las lravorsod ovor 180 slalions and 27,000 Ims. Il las dravn
lugo crovds al aII llo slalions.
- In ordor lo roiloralo llo Govornmonls muIlisocloraI rosponso lo
provonl llo sproad of HIV and lo faciIilalo a slrong muIli-socloraI rosponso lo combal
il offoclivoIy, a NalionaI CounciI on AIDS (NCA) las boon conslilulod, undor llo clair-
manslip of HonbIo Irimo Minislor vill roprosonlalion of 33 minislrios and doparlmonls.
Irivalo soclor, civiI socioly organisalion, IIHA nolvorIs and govornmonl doparlmonls
vouId aII pIay cruciaI roIo in provonlion, caro, supporl, lroalmonl and sorvico doIivory.
-- Iodino is an ossonliaI
micronulrionl vill an avorago daiIy al 100150 micrograms for normaI luman grovll and
dovoIopmonl. Doficioncy of Iodino can causo plysicaI and monlaI rolardalion, crolinism,
aborlions, sliIIbirll, doaf mulism, squinl and various lypos of goilor. Tlo Govornmonl is
impIomonling llo NalionaI Iodino Doficioncy Disordors ConlroI Irogrammo (NIDDCI)
formorIy Inovn as NalionaI Goilro ConlroI Irogrammo (NGCI) sinco 1962 a 100 conlraIIy
assislod programmo vill a focus on llo provision of iodisod saIl, IDD survoy/rosurvoy,
Iaboralory moniloring of Iodalod saIl and Urinary Iodino oxcrolion, loaIll oducalion and
pubIicily. Govornmonl of India las bannod llo saIo of non-iodalod saIl in llo onliro counlry
for dirocl luman consumplion undor Irovonlion of Iood AduIloralion Acl, 1954 vill offocl
from 17ll May, 2006.
Sovoro monlaI disordors llal incIudo
scnizoplronia, bipoIar disordor, organic psyclosis and major doprossion affocl noarIy 20
por 1000 popuIalion.
NalionaI MonlaI HoaIll Irogrammo vas slarlod in 1982 vill llo foIIoving llroo objoclivos:
To onsuro avaiIabiIily and accossibiIily of minimum monlaI loaIll caro for aII in llo
noar forosooabIo fuluro, parlicuIarIy lo llo mosl vuInorabIo soclions of llo popuIalion.
To oncourago monlaI loaIll InovIodgo and sIiIIs in gonoraI loaIll caro and sociaI
dovoIopmonl.
To promolo communily parlicipalion in monlaI loaIll sorvico dovoIopmonl and lo
slimuIalo soIf-loIp in llo communily.
A modoI doIivory of communily basod monlaI loaIll caro al llo IovoI of dislricl vas
ovoIvod and fioId loslod in BoIIary dislricl of KarnalaIa by NIMHANS bolvoon 19861995.
Tlis modoI vas adaplod as llo Dislricl MonlaI HoaIll Irogrammo (DMHI) and il vas
impIomonlod in llo IXll pIan boginning in llo yoar 1996. During llo 10ll Iivo Yoar IIan,
NMHI vas roslralogisod and il bocamo from singIo prongod lo muIli-prongod programmo
Granls lavo aIso boon roIoasod for upgradalion of Isyclialric vings of 75 Govornmonl
ModicaI CoIIogos/GonoraI HospilaIs and modornizalion of 26 MonlaI HospilaIs.
During llo 11ll Iivo Yoar IIan an aIIocalion of ` 1000 croro las boon mado for llo NalionaI
MonlaI HoaIll Irogrammo. During llo 11ll Iivo Yoar IIan, il las boon proposod lo doconlraIizo
llo Irogrammo and synclronizo vill NalionaI RuraI HoaIll Mission for oplimizing llo rosuIls.
- Yavs Iradicalion Irogrammo (YII) vas Iaunclod
as a conlraIIy sponsorod sclomo in 199697 in Korapul dislricl of Odisla, vlicl vas
subsoquonlIy oxlondod lo Andlra Iradosl, Odisla, Malarasllra, Madlya Iradosl,
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Clallisgarl, TamiI Nadu, Ullar Iradosl, }larIland, Assam and Gujaral during 9ll IIan
poriod. NalionaI Conlro for Disoaso ConlroI (NCDC) (formorIy: NalionaI Inslilulo of
CommunicabIo Disoasos) las boon idonlifiod as llo nodaI agoncy for llo pIanning, mon-
iloring and ovaIualion of llo progrmmo. Tlo Irogrammo is impIomonlod by llo ondomic
Slalo HoaIll Dirocloralos llrougl llo oxisling loaIll caro syslom. As a rosuIl of YII, llo
numbor of roporlod casos las como dovn from 3,571 in 1996 lo 46 in 2003. No Yavs caso
roporlod from 2004 liII dalo. Yavs oIiminalion vas docIarod on 19ll Soplombor, 2006.
NATIONAL CANCER CONTROL PROGRAMME
Iorly por conl of llo cancors in llo counlry aro duo lo lobacco. Honco Tobacco-roIalod cancors
aro vory common among maIos, namoIy, cancor of llo Iungs and oraI cavily. Among vomon,
cancor of ulorino corvix and broasl aro common. Tlo NalionaI Cancor ConlroI Irogrammo
vas Iaunclod in 197576. In ordor lo calor lo llo clanging noods of llo disoaso, llo
programmo las undorgono llroo rovisions vill llo llird rovision compIolod in Docombor
2004. C-DAC, Trivandrum las boon onlruslod vill llo rosponsibiIily of proparing llo DIR
for OporalionaIisalion of Onconol India. India las bocomo a mombor of llo InlornalionaI
Agoncy for Rosoarcl in Cancor llal slaII provido a fiIIiplo cancor rosoarcl in llo counlry.
-- Novombor 7ll, llo birll annivorsary of Madamo
Curio is obsorvod as llo NalionaI Cancor Avaronoss Day. Numbor of bannors aro dispIayod
for croaling avaronoss among llo gonoraI massos aboul cancor on llo day.
HEALTH MINISTERS CANCER PATIENT FUND UNDER RAN
Tlo HoaIll Minislors Cancor Ialionl Iund (HMCII) villin llo Rasllriya Arogya Nidli
(RAN) Sclomo las aIso boon sol up in 2009. In ordor lo uliIizo llo HMCII, il is proposod
lo oslabIisl llo rovoIving fund IiIo RAN in llo Various RogionaI Cancor Conlro(s) (RCCs)
vlicl aro golling fund for oquipmonls from Cancor Irogrammo of Govornmonl of India.
Tlo IinanciaI Assislanco lo llo Cancor Ialionls up lo ` 1,00,000/-.
PREVENTION OF FOOD ADULTERATION PROGRAMME
Tlo Minislry of HoaIll and IamiIy WoIfaro is rosponsibIo for onsuring safo food lo llo
consumors. Kooping llis in viov, a IogisIalion caIIod Irovonlion of Iood AduIloralion Acl,
1954 vas onaclod. Tlo objoclivo onvisagod in llis IogisIalion vas lo onsuro puro and
vloIosomo food lo llo consumors and aIso lo provonl fraud or docoplion. Tlo Acl las
boon amondod llrico in 1964, 1976 and in 1986 vill llo objoclivo of pIugging llo IooploIos
and maIing llo punislmonls moro slringonl and ompovoring Consumors and VoIunlary
Organisalions lo pIay a moro offoclivo roIo in ils impIomonlalion.
Tlo Minislry of HoaIll and IamiIy WoIfaro is dosignalod as llo NalionaI Codox Conlacl
Ioinl in India lo oxamino and formuIalo Indias viovs on llo agonda for llo various mooling
of Codox AIimonlarius Commission, a joinl vonluro of IAO/WHO doaIing vill Inlorna-
lionaI Iood Slandards and ils subsidiary commilloos. Tlo Minislry of HoaIll and IamiIy
WoIfaro conslilulod a NalionaI Codox Commilloo (NCC) and an Assislanl Diroclor GonoraI
(IIA) las boon vorIing as Iiaison Officor for NCC. Tlo NCC las furllor conslilulod 24
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Sladov Commilloos corrosponding lo various Codox commodilios commilloos for prop-
aralion and finaIizalion of Indias sland.
India las boon roguIarIy allonding llo various sossions of llo Codox AIimonlarius
Commission and various Codox Commodily Commilloos lo pul forvard lor viovs and
dofond lloso viovs.
- Aflor signing llo Sanilary and Ilylosanilary (SIS)
and ToclnicaI Barrior lo Trado (TBT) agroomonls by India and romovaI of quanlilalivo
roslriclions on imporl of food producls inlo India, llo oxorciso of larmonizalion of
slandards for food producls, uso of food addilivos, microbioIogicaI roquiromonls, larmo-
nizalion of roguIalions, in Iino vill inlornalionaI slandards proscribod by Codox AIimon-
larius Commission and InlornalionaI Slandards Organisalion (ISO) lad boon inilialod.
MEDICAL COUNCIL OF INDIA
Tlo ModicaI CounciI of India (MCI) vas oslabIislod as a slalulory body undor llo
provisions of llo Indian ModicaI CounciI Acl 1933 vlicl vas Ialor ropoaIod by llo Indian
ModicaI CounciI Acl 1956 vill minor amondmonls in 1958. A major amondmonl llo I.M.C.
Acl 1956 vas mado in 1993 maIing il mandalory for oblaining llo approvaI of llo Minislry
of HoaIll & IamiIy WoIfaro for oponing nov modicaI coIIogos/incroasing soals, slarling
nov coursos in ordor lo roguIalo llo slandard of modicaI oducalion in llo counlry. Tlo
I.M.C. Acl 1956 vas furllor amondod in 2001 lo onabIo llo ModicaI CounciI of India lo
conducl Scrooning Tosls for Indian nalionaIs loIding foroign modicaI quaIificalions lo losl
lloir sIiII boforo granling llom rogislralion lo praclico modicino in India.
CENTRAL HEALTH EDUCATION BUREAU
ConlraI HoaIll Iducalion Buroau (CHIB) is an apox inslilulion vlicl lad a lumbIo
boginning on 6ll of Docombor in 1956 undor Dirocloralo GonoraI of HoaIll Sorvicos
(DGHS), Minislry of HoaIll and IamiIy WoIfaro, Govornmonl of India, for llo loaIll
oducalion and loaIll promolion in llo counlry. Tlo Buroau, Iocalod in Nov DoIli, is loadod
by a Diroclor, an SAG IovoI officor vlo is assislod by a loam of officors in difforonl
discipIinos. Rasllriya Arogya Nidli vas Iaunclod by llo Minislry of HoaIll & IamiIy
WoIfaro in 1997. Tlo sclomo providos for financiaI assislanco lo palionls, Iiving boIov
povorly Iino vlo is sufforing from major Iifo llroaloning disoasos, lo rocoivo modicaI
lroalmonl al any of llo supor spociaIly lospilaIs/inslilulos or ollor Govornmonl lospilaIs.
Tlo financiaI assislanco lo sucl palionls is roIoasod in llo form of ono limo granl lo llo
ModicaI Suporinlondonl of llo lospilaI in vlicl llo lroalmonl is boing rocoivod. Tlo
NalionaI Acadomy of ModicaI Scioncos (NAMS), Nov DoIli vas oslabIislod in 1961 as a
Non-OfficiaI body of Bio-ModicaI scionlisls. Tlo foIIovslip of llo Acadomy bocamo a
covolod laIImarI of dislinclion accordod in rocognilion for oulslanding acliovomonls in
scioncos, oducalion, sorvicos, olc. Tlo Acadomy avards IoIIovslips lo llo mosl dislin-
guislod mon of scionco. Tlo Ilarmacy CounciI of India is a slalulory body conslilulod
undor llo Ilarmacy Acl, 1948. Il is rosponsibIo for llo roguIalion of plarmacy oducalion
and praclico of profossion in llo counlry for rogislralion as a plarmacisl.
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Tlo inlogralod Disoaso SurvoiIIanco Irojocl (IDSI) vas Iaunclod by llo Minislry of
HoaIll and IamiIy WoIfaro in Novombor 2004. Il is inlondod lo dolocl oarIy varning signaIs
of imponding oulbroaIs and loIp lo inilialo an offoclivo rosponso in a limoIy mannor. TolaI
Budgol for llo projocl from 200409 vas givon as ` 399.70 croros.
- (NIC) las oslabIislod broadband connoclivily al 760
oul of 796 silos. Tlo objoclivo of Dala Conlro is onIino onlry of dala lo conlraI sorvors
for spoody dala lransmission.
Tlo is a ono slop porlaI vlicl las faciIilios for dala onlry, viov roporls,
oulbroaI roporling dala, anaIysis, lraining moduIos and rosourcos roIalod lo disoaso
survoiIIanco. A lolaI of 21 Slalos lavo slarlod roporling in llo porlaI
- -- - Sovon Infoclious Disoaso HospilaIs,
ono oacl in four molros and BangaIoro, Almodabad and Hydorabad lavo boon givon
funds for slronglloning roporling from ID HospilaIs. IDUSAT nolvorI las boon
inslaIIod and rocruilmonl is compIolod oxcopl in BangaIoro. Mumbai, Clonnai and
KoIIala lavo slarlod roporling.
INTEGRATED DISEASE SURVEILLANCE PROJECT-SEPTEMBER 2009
IDSI is WorId BanI assislod Irojocl, Iaunclod in Novombor 2004 vill llo objoclivo lo
dolocl and rospond lo oarIy varning signaIs of disoaso oulbroaIs. IDSI rocoivos vooIIy
disoaso survoiIIanco dala from 306 oul of 606 dislricls (51) dislricls of plaso I, II and
III slalos. A lolaI of 43 oulbroaIs voro doloclod during llis monll, incIuding Aculo
DiarrlooaI disoasos (41), MaIaria (11) and CliIungunya, Donguo, Iood poisoning (9).
is a slalulory body oslabIislod undor llo Donlisls Acl, 1948.
Il poriodicaIIy carrios oul inspoclions of donlaI inslilulions lo ascorlain llo adoquacy of
loacling faciIilios.
- Moro llan 13,000 Rogi KaIyan Samilis/HospilaI DovoIopmonl
Commilloos lavo boon sol up in llo counlry. NoarIy aII Dislricl/Sub Dislricl HospilaIs and
CHCs lavo oponod lloir ovn BanI Accounls. IHCs aro aIso in llo procoss of doing so.
` 5 IaIls las boon providod for Dislricl HospilaI RKSs and Rupoos Ono IaIl for Sub
Dislricl/CHC/IHC HospilaIs/Conlros. Tloy aro oxpoclod lo maIo llo funclioning of llo
HospilaIs moro accounlabIo, lransparonl and nood basod.
- }SY is a safo mollorlood inlorvonlion undor llo NalionaI RuraI
HoaIll Mission (NRHM) boing impIomonlod vill llo objoclivo of roducing malornaI and
noo-nalaI morlaIily by promoling inslilulionaI doIivory among llo poor prognanl vomon.
}SY is a 100 conlraIIy sponsorod sclomo and il inlogralos casl assislanco vill doIivory
and posl-doIivory caro.
- ImpIomonlalion of Indian IubIic HoaIll Slan-
dards (IIHS) for Irimary HoaIllcaro IaciIilios, viII onsuro quaIily sorvicos by providing
infraslrucluro, oquipmonls and spociaIisl man-povor.
PROHIBITION OF PRE-CONCEPTION AND PRE-NATAL SEX DETERMINATION
In ordor lo clocI fomaIo foolicido, llo Iro-NalaI Diagnoslic Toclniquos (RoguIalion and
Irovonlion of Misuso) Acl, 1994 vas onaclod and brougll inlo oporalion from 1sl }anuary,
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1996. Tlo Acl prolibils dolorminalion and discIosuro of llo sox of llo foolus. Il aIso
prolibils any advorlisomonls roIaling lo pro-nalaI dolorminalion of sox. Iunislmonls aro
proscribod for conlravonlion of any of ils provisions, IiIo imprisonmonl up lo 5 yoars and
fino up lo ` 1,00,000/- in addilion lo cancoIIalion of llo rogislralion/Iiconso in llo caso
of modicaI profossionaIs/diagnoslic conlros, cIinics, olc.
- Irovision of Safo
Aborlion Sorvicos in accordanco vill llo MTI Acl 1971 is an imporlanl compononl of llo
ongoing RCH Irogrammo Ilaso II and il is ono of llo moans of roducing malornaI morlaIily.
INDIAN NURSING COUNCIL
Tlo Indian Nursing CounciI is a slalulory body conslilulod undor llo Indian Nursing
CounciI Acl, 1947 and 5,26,242 ANMs lavo boon rogislorod vill various Slalo Nursing
CounciIs uplo 31sl Docombor, 2006.
PULSE POLIO IMMUNIZATION
In accordanco vill llo WorId HoaIll AssombIy rosoIulion of 1988, in addilion lo admin-
islralion of roulino OIV llrougl llo UnivorsaI Immunizalion Irogrammo, llo IuIso IoIio
Immunizalion (III) Irogrammo vas Iaunclod in 199596 lo covor aII cliIdron boIov llo
ago of 3 yoars. In ordor lo accoIoralo llo paco of poIio oradicalion, llo largol ago group
vas incroasod from 199697 lo aII cliIdron undor llo ago of 5 yoars. TiII 199899, llo III
programmo consislod of vaccinalion of cliIdron al fixod boolls on llo NalionaI Immu-
nizalion Days (NIDs) loId lvico, soparalod by six vooIs, during llo vinlor soason.
RASHTRIYA SWASTHYA BIMA YOJANA
Rasllriya Svasllya Bima Yojana (RSBY), a sclomo of Minislry of Iabour vas Iaunclod on
Oclobor 1, 2007 and roIIod oul from 1sl ApriI, 2008 in a plasod mannor. Tlo sclomo is
impIomonlod in mosl of llo slalos, iniliaIIy on piIol basis. Hovovor, llo Govornmonl las
docidod lo laIo up aII llo dislricls in 200910 ilsoIf.
NATIONAL COMMISSION ON POPULATIONS (NCP)
Tlo NalionaI Commission on popuIalion vas conslilulod in May 2000 lo roviov, monilor
and givo diroclion for llo impIomonlalion of llo NalionaI IopuIalion IoIicy (NII), vill
a viov lo mooling llo goaIs sol oul in llo poIicy, lo promolo inlorsocloraI coordinalion,
invoIvo llo civiI socioly in pIanning and impIomonlalion olc.
Will llo coming inlo offocl of llo Iood Safoly and Slandards Acl, 2006 (ISSA)
onaclod by IarIiamonl in Augusl 2006, llo Irovonlion of Iood AduIloralion Acl, 1954
slands ropoaIod from llo dalo on vlicl Iood Safoly and Slandards Acl comos inlo
forco on sucl dalo as llo ConlraI Govornmonl may, by nolificalion in llo Gazollo.
Rasllriya Arogya Nidli vas sol up in 1997 lo providos for financiaI assislanco lo
palionls, Iiving boIov povorly Iino, vlo is sufforing from major Iifo llroaloning
disoasos, lo rocoivo modicaI lroalmonl in Govornmonl HospilaIs.
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Tlo NalionaI Acadomy of ModicaI Scioncos (NAMS), Nov DoIli vas oslabIislod in
1961 as a Non-OfficiaI body of Bio-ModicaI scionlisls vill llo objocl of promolion
and oncouragomonl of moril in modicaI scioncos.
Tlo Roproduclivo and CliId HoaIll programmo (RCH) II undor llo NalionaI RuraI
HoaIll Mission (NRHM) comprolonsivoIy inlogralos inlorvonlions llal improvo cliId
loaIll and addross faclors conlribuling lo infanl and undor-fivo morlaIily.
In 1952, India Iaunclod llo vorIds firsl nalionaI programmo omplasizing famiIy
pIanning lo llo oxlonl nocossary for roducing birll ralos lo slabiIizo llo popuIalion
al a IovoI consislonl vill llo roquiromonl of nalionaI oconomy.
Immunizalion programmo is ono of llo Ioy inlorvonlions for proloclion of cliIdron
from Iifo llroaloning condilions, vlicl aro provonlabIo. Immunizalion Irogrammo
in India vas inlroducod in 1978 as Ixpandod Irogrammo of Immunizalion.
In llo pursuanco of llo WorId HoaIll AssombIy rosoIulion of 1988, in addilion lo
adminislralion of roulino OIV llrougl llo UnivorsaI Immunizalion Irogrammo, llo
IuIso IoIio Immunizalion (III) Irogrammo vas Iaunclod in 199596 lo covor aII
cliIdron boIov llo ago of 3 yoars.
Designed for IAS
UPSCPORTALS
INDIA 2011
220
INDIAN CENSUS DEFINITION OF URBAN AREA
In Consus of India, 2001, lvo lypos of lovn voro idonlifiod:
(a) - AII pIacos vill a municipaIily, corporalion, Canlonmonl board or
nolifiod lovn aroa commilloo, olc. so docIarod by slalo Iav.
(b) -- - IIacos vlicl salisfy foIIoving criloria:
(i) a minimum popuIalion of 5000,
(ii) alIoasl 75 of maIo vorIing popuIalion ongagod in non agricuIluraI pursuils, and
(iii) a donsily of popuIalion of alIoasl 400 porsons por sq Im.
Housing is a Slalo subjocl. Tlo Union Govornmonl is, lovovor, rosponsibIo for llo
formuIalion of poIicy vill rogard lo programmo and approaclos for offoclivo
impIomonlalion for sociaI lousing sclomos, parlicuIarIy lloso porlaining lo voaIor
soclions of llo socioly.
Cilios and lovns of India conslilulo llo vorIds socond Iargosl urban syslom. Tloy
conlribulo ovor 50 por conl of counlrys Gross Domoslic Iroducl (GDI) and aro
conlraI lo oconomic grovll.
Irimo Minislor of India Iaunclod llo
-- on 3rd Docombor, 2005. Tlo Minislry of Housing and Urban
Iovorly AIIovialion is impIomonling llo compononls of }NNURM.
A nov sclomo caIIod sIum-froo Cily IIanning undor - las boon
Iaunclod for providing financiaI supporl lo slalo Govornmonls for undorlaIing llo
proparalory oxorcisos viz. SIumsurvoys, SIum MIS, GIS maping of SIums, dovoIopmonl
of GIS-onabIod SIum Informalion Syslom, proparalion of SIum-froo cily and Slalo
pIans, dovoIoping IogaI framovorI for providing proporly rigll lo llo poor, addrossing
issuos of maslor pIanning incIuding rovamping of Iavs undor lovn pIanning.
Minislry of Housing and Urban Iovorly AIIovialion, Govornmonl of India las
announcod an ambilious sclomo for sIum dvoIIors in llo yoar 2009. Tlo nov sclomo
Housing
17 17
INDIA 2011
221
- (RAY) onvisagos a SIum-froo India llrougl oncouraging Slalos/
Union Torrilorios lo lacIIo llo probIom of sIums in a dofinilivo mannor.
Minislry of Housing and Urban Iovorly AIIovialion is impIomonling an ompIoymonl
orionlod Urban Iovorly AIIovialion ConlraIIy sponsorod sclomo namod
(SSRY), on aII India basis, vill offocl from 1sl
Docombor, 1997.
Tlo sclomo slrivos lo provido gainfuI ompIoymonl lo llo urban unompIoyod and
undorompIoyod poor, llrougl oncouraging llo solling up of soIf ompIoymonl vonluros
by llo urban poor Iiving boIov llo povorly Iino, and aIso llrougl providing vago
ompIoymonl by uliIizing lloir Iabour for conslruclion of sociaIIy and oconomicaIIy
usofuI pubIic assols.
In llo - a domand drivon approacl,
ranging from subsidy basod lousing sclomos lo cosl rocovory-cum-subsidy sclomos
for lousing llrougl a pro-aclivo financiaI poIicy incIuding micro-financo and roIalod
soIf-loIp group programmos, las boon advocalod.
Tlo govornmonl las approvod an - - -
in llo monll of Docombor, 2008. Tlo Inlorosl Subsidy Sclomo sooIs
lo suppIomonl llo offorls of llo Govornmonl llrougl llo }NNURM lo comprolonsivoIy
addross llo lousing slorlago.
Tlo - basicaIIy aims al convorsion of individuaI
dry Ialrino inlo pour fIusl Ialrino lloroby Iiboraling manuaI scavongors from llo ago
oId, obnoxious praclico of manuaIIy carrying nigll soiI.
sinco ils incoplion in 1970, las mado sloady and significanl slridos in llo
fioId of lousing and urban infraslrucluro financing, lo omorgo as llo pionoor and
llo lrond sollor.
IrofilabiIily vill sociaI }uslico.
INDIA 2011
222
IiIo ollor counlry Indias foroign poIicy aIso sooIs lo safoguard llo counlrys soIf-inlorosl.
Tlo primary objoclivo of Indias foroign poIicy is lo promolo and mainlain a poacofuI
dovoIopmonl in ovory sploro. Indias foroign poIicy aIso rocognizos llal llo issuos sucl
as cIimalo clango and onorgy and food socurily llal aro cruciaI lo Indias lransformalion
as gIobaI povor.
- -
- India romains aclivoIy ongagod in llo lasI of roconslruclion and
dovoIopmonl of Afglanislan. Indias biIaloraI assislanco lo
Afglanislan las crossod US$ 1.3 biIIion (as againsl a pIodgo of
US$ 1.2 biIIion).
Indias biIaloraI assislanco lo Afglanislan las crossod US$ 1.3
biIIion (as againsl a pIodgo of US$ 1.2 biIIion).
- Irimo Minislor SloiIl Hasinas visil lo India in }anuary, 2010
oponod a nov claplor in India-BangIadosl roIalions. Tlo }oinl
Communiqu issuod during llo visil oulIinos a rango of aroas
for biIaloraI cooporalion. Boll sidos agrood lo onlanco socurily
cooporalion, parlicuIarIy againsl insurgonl groups.
His Majosly }igmo Klosar NamgyoI WangclucI, llo King of
Blulan, paid a Slalo visil lo India from 2126 Docombor, 2009.
Visil Iod lo slronglloning of our biIaloraI oconomic and poIilicaI
roIalions. India conlinuod lo bo llo Iargosl lrado and assislanco
parlnor of Blulan.
Clina is nov Indias Iargosl lrading parlnor vill llo lolaI voIumo
of biIaloraI lrado boing US$ 51.8 biIIion in 2008. Tlo lrado voIumo
dippod sIigllIy in 2009 lo US$ 43.27 biIIion.
Indiaandthe
World
18
INDIA 2011
223
Ioroign Socrolary Sml. Nirupama Rao visilod Iran for Ioroign
Offico ConsuIlalions (IOC) from 23 Iobruary, 2010.
- Vico Irosidonl of llo MaIdivos Molamod Walood visilod India
from 1924 Iobruary, 2010 al llo invilalion of llo Vico Irosidonl
of India
Tlo India-MaIdivos }oinl Coasl Guard Ixorcisos DOSTI X voro
loId of MaIo in Docombor 2009 and llo IKUVIR1N oxorcisos
in Oclobor 2009.
IxlornaI Affairs Minislor Slri S. M. Krislna visilod Myanmar for
llo BIMSTIC MinisloriaI Mooling in Docombor 2009 and mol IM
of Myanmar GonoraI Tlom Soin.
Boll counlrios conlinuod lo onlanco cooporalion in llo aroas of
onorgy, oiI and naluraI gas, povor, IT, infraslrucluro dovoIop-
monl, loIocommunicalion and agricuIluro.
Homo Minislor of NopaI Mr. Blim Baladur RavaI visilod India
from 1822 }anuary, 2010.
Tlo Irosidonl of NopaI, Dr. Ram Baran Yadav, visilod India from
1518 Iobruary, 2010 during vlicl four agroomonls/MoUs voro
signod and a concossionaI Iino of crodil of US$ 250 miIIion and
suppIy of somo food iloms vas announcod. Commorco and
Induslry Minislor of India (CIM), Slri Anand Slarma visilod
NopaI from 2728 Oclobor, 2009 during vlicl llo rovisod Troaly
of Trado and Agroomonl of Cooporalion lo ConlroI Unaullo-
rizod Trado vas signod. IxlornaI Affairs Minislor Slri S. M.
Krislna visilod NopaI from 1517 }anuary, 2010 during vlicl lo
mol llo sonior Ioadorslip of NopaI and signod four MoUs.
- Al Indias invilalion, Ioroign Socrolary IovoI laIIs bolvoon llo
lvo counlrios voro loId in Nov DoIli on 25 Iobruary, 2010.
On 1sl }anuary, 2010, India and IaIislan oxclangod llrougl
dipIomalic clannoIs, simuIlanoousIy al Nov DoIli and IsIama-
bad, llo Iisls of nucIoar inslaIIalions.
Slri S. M. Krislna aIso mol Ioroign Minislor BogoIIagama on
lvo occasions in muIliIaloraI fora. NalionaI Socurily Advisor Slri
M. K. Narayanan visilod Sri IanIa in ApriI 2009 and, subso-
quonlIy, a 10mombor doIogalion of Mombors of IarIiamonl from
TamiI Nadu aIso visilod Sri IanIa, ospociaIIy llo Norllorn and
upcounlry aroas.
- - Irominonl incoming visils incIudo llal by Vico Irosidonl of
Violnam (SoplomborOclobor, 2009), Irimo Minislor of AuslraIia
(Novombor, 2009), Irimo Minislor of MaIaysia (}anuary, 2010),
Dopuly Irimo Minislors of AuslraIia (Augusl 2009), TlaiIand
INDIA 2011
224
(Oclobor 2009), and Violnam (Docombor 2009), & Ioroign Min-
islors of AuslraIia (Oclobor 2009, Marcl 2010) and TlaiIand
(Docombor 2009). In addilion, llo King of Tonga (Soplombor
2009), Tlai Irincoss MalaclaIri Sirindlorn (Augusl 2009), Min-
islor Monlor Ioo Kuan Yov (Docombor, 2009) and Sonior Min-
islor Gol CloI Tong (Marcl 2010) from Singaporo and Socrolary
of Ioroign Affairs of IliIIippinos RamuIo (Marcl 2010) aIso
visilod India.
}apanoso invoslmonl in India slood al US$ 5.22 biIIion surpassing
ils invoslmonl in Clina vlicl vas US$ 3.65 biIIion in 2008, and
}apan slands as llo sixll Iargosl invoslor in India.
Tlo socond India-MongoIia }oinl Cooporalion Commilloo mool-
ing vas loId al Nov DoIli in 11ll }anuary, 2010.
ROK Irosidonl Ioo Myung-baI paid a Slalo visil lo India from
2427 }anuary, 2010. Ho vas Cliof Guosl al our RopubIic Day
coIobralions on 2010.
- Somo of llo significanl ovonls during llo yoar voro Irimo
Minislors visil lo llo Russian Iodoralion for llo annuaI Summil
(Docombor 2009) and SCO and BRIC Summils (}uno 2009), llo
Slalo visil of llo Irosidonl of India lo llo Russian Iodoralion
and TajiIislan (Soplombor 2009), llo TriIaloraI Mooling of Ior-
oign Minislors of India, Russia and Clina in BongaIuru (Oclobor
2009), and IxlornaI Affairs Minislors visils lo BoIarus and
TurImonislan (Soplombor 2009) and llo Russian Iodoralion and
UzboIislan (Oclobor 2009).
Tlo Irosidonl Sml. Iralibla Dovisingl IaliI paid a Slalo Visil lo
UK al llo invilalion of llo Quoon of UK in Oclobor, 2009. Slo
aIso mado a firsl ovor Slalo Visil lo Spain in ApriI, 2009. Irimo
Minislor Dr. Manmolan Singl visilod Iranco in }uIy, 2009 as llo
Cliof Guosl al llo Ironcl NalionaI Day coIobralions. Tlo Irimo
Minislor lad inloraclions vill llo Ioadors of UK, Iranco, Gorma-
ny and IlaIy on llo sidoIinos of muIliIaloraI ovonls IiIo G-20 (ApriI
& Soplombor 2009), G8 (}uIy 2009) and CHOGM (Novombor
2009). SpoaIor of llo IoI Sabla, Sml. Moira Kumar parlicipalod
in llo G8/G5 SpoaIors Conforonco in Romo in Soplombor 2009.
Iormor Irosidonl Dr. A. I. }. KaIam visilod IroIand in }uno 2009.
- IxlornaI Affairs Minislor Slri S. M. Krislna mol llo Socrolary
of Slalo Ms. CIinlon in Soplombor 2009 on llo sidoIinos of llo
UNGA in Nov YorI. Homo Minislor Slri I. Clidambaram and
NalionaI Socurily Advisor Slri M. K. Narayanan visilod llo US
in Soplombor and Oclobor 2009 rospoclivoIy. Commorco and
Induslry Minislor Slri Anand Slarma visilod Waslinglon in }uno
INDIA 2011
225
2009 lo allond llo 34ll annivorsary of llo US-India Businoss
CounciI. Higl IovoI visils from llo US sido lo India incIudod llal
of US Undor Socrolary for IoIilicaI Affairs Mr. WiIIiam Burns
(Oclobor 2009) and of US Trado Roprosonlalivo Ambassador Ron
KirI (Soplombor 2009).
Tlo visil of Irimo Minislor Mr. Sloplon Harpor lo India (from
1518 Novombor, 2009) vas a miIoslono in biIaloraI roIalions.
During llo visil commonaIilios bolvoon llo lvo counlrios and
slarod vaIuos and inlorosls voro buiIl upon lo oxpand llo
biIaloraI agonda and onlanco cooporalion in aroas of slarod
priorily. Tvo MoUs voro signod in llo prosonco of llo lvo
Irimo Minislors.
Slri Molammad Hamid Ansari, Vico Irosidonl of India, ropro-
sonlod India al llo inauguralion coromony of Dr. }acob Zuma as
llo Irosidonl of Soull Africa in May 2009. Ollor imporlanl visils
from India lo Soull Africa incIudod: IarIiamonlary doIogalions
visil Iod by Slri Karia Munda, Dopuly SpoaIor of IoI Sabla lo
Soull Africa (ApriI 2009), Commorco and Induslry Minislor, Slri
Anand Slarmas visil lo Soull Africa (Augusl 2001).
- - India-Arab invoslmonl projocl concIavo vas organizod in Iob.
2010 vlicl vilnossod nino minisloriaI parlicipalion and moro
llan lvonly businoss doIogalions from llo rogion and boyond.
UAI omorgod as our Iargosl lrading parlnor. Tlo rogion coIIoc-
livoIy losls llo Iargosl oxpalrialo Indian communily oxcooding
5 miIIion vill romillancos oslimalod around US$ 30 biIIion por
annum.
Dopuly Clairman, Rajya Sabla, roprosonlod India al llo 40ll
annivorsary coIobralions of llo Groal AI Ialal RovoIulion of
Iibya. Various ollor ligl-IovoI visils voro aIso oxclangod, among
ollors, vill Igypl, IsraoI, }ordan, Morocco, IaIoslino, Sudan
and Syria.
As a foundor mombor of llo Non-AIignod Movomonl,
India romains slrongIy commillod lo ils idoaIs and principIos, Irimo Minislor.
Dr. Manmolan Singl parlicipalod in llo XV Summil of llo Non-aIignod Movomonl
(NAM) in Slarm oI-SloiIl, Igypl from 1516 }uIy, 2009. IxlornaI Affairs Minislor
Slri S. M. Krislna allondod llo NAM MinisloriaI mooling loId from 1314 }uIy,
2009.
Irimo Minislor Dr. Manmolan Singl Iod llo Indian doIogalion lo llo
CommonvoaIll Hoads of Govornmonl Mooling (CHOGM) loId in Iorl of Spain.
Trinidad and Tabago, from 2729 Novombor, 2009. During llo CHOGM 2009 Irimo
Minislor announcod sovoraI nov inilialivos by India incIuding addilionaI 250 sIols
for lraining for llo CommonvoaIll counlrios undor Indias ITIC programmo.
INDIA 2011
226
In addilion, llo Govornmonl of India roIoasod commomoralivo slamps and coins lo
marI 2009 as llo 60ll annivorsary yoar of llo croalion of llo Modorn Common
voaIll.
Tlo 19ll CommonvoaIll Gamos (firsl limo loslod by India) vas loId in DoIli from
3rd Oclobor14ll Oclobor, 2010. Tlo gamos vas llo Iargosl muIli-sporl (260 ovonls
in 17 discipIinos) slovcaso ovonl conduclod lo dalo in DoIli and vas parlicipalod
by 71 loams from 54 mombor nalions.
- -- During llo poriod bolvoon
ApriI}uno 2010, lvo significanl dovoIopmonls voro llo 16ll SAARC Summil and
llo 3rd SAARC Homo Minislors Mooling.
Tlo 16ll SAARC Summil loId in Tlimplu on 28 and 29 ApriI 2010 vas a lisloric
ovonl, coinciding as il did vill llo 25ll annivorsary of SAARC.
Tlo llomo of llo Summil vas CIimalo clango as proposod by Blulan. Tlo Summil
adoplod llo Tlimpu SiIvor }ubiIoo DocIaralion onlilIod Tovards a Groon and Happy
Soull Asia and a soparalo MinisloriaI Slalomonl on CIimalo Clango.
Tlo Summil ondorsod iniliaIizalion of llo firsl acadomic sossion of llo Soull Asian
Univorsily from Augusl, 2010.
Irogrammo, llo SpociaI
CommonvoaIllAssislanco for Africa programmo, (SCAAI) and ToclnicaI Cooporalion
Sclomo (TCS) undor CoIombo IIan-lransforrod lo Minislry of IxlornaI Affairs vill
offocl from 1sl ApriI, 2010 from Doparlmonl of Iconomic Affairs lavo boon rocognizod
as imporlanl compononls of Indias dovoIopmonl parlnorslip and cooporalion vill
llo dovoIoping vorId.
is mandalod for oslabIisling, roviving and slronglloning cuIluraI roIalions
and muluaI undorslanding bolvoon India and llo oulsido vorId. Will ils loadquarlors
in DoIli, fourloon rogionaI officos in India and a numbor of cuIluraI conlors abroad,
llo aclivilios of llo CounciI aIso incIudo adminislralion of scloIarslip sclomos for
ovorsoos sludonls and faciIilaling lloir admissions in Indian univorsilios.
- conlinuod lo dovoIop as a llinI-lanI and
as imporlanl pIalform for dobalo and discussions of foroign affairs. Tlrougloul llo
yoar, llo ICWA vas ongagod in sominars and conforoncos roIaling lo Indias coro
foroign poIicy inlorosl, and in visils and Iocluros by ominonl foroign dignilarios.
Tlo - conduclod lraining programmos for llo Indian
Ioroign Sorvico Irobalionors (IIS), officors and slaff of llo Minislry of IxlornaI
Affairs (MIA), officors from Cabinol Socrolarial and ollor Minislrios/Doparlmonls
as voII as for foroign dipIomals.
- -- - is llo quinlossonliaI poopIos
agoncy, a ono-slop addross for llo ovorsoas India, a nov Minislry vas oslabIislod
in May 2004. Tlo Iroloclor GonoraI of Imigranls (IGI) adminislors llo Imigralion
Acl llrougl ils 8 IOI officos sproad across llo counlry vlicl roguIalos llo omigralion
of Iov sIiIIod vorIors lo llo 17 ICR Counlrios incIuding GCC and MaIaysia.
INDIA 2011
227
-- - vas formaIIy Iaunclod in }anuary,
2006 by amonding llo Cilizonslip Acl, 1955. Tlo Sclomo providos for llo rogislralion
as Ovorsoas Cilizons of India (OCI) of aII Iorsons of Indian Origin (IIOs) vlo voro
cilizons of India on or aflor 26ll }anuary, 1950 or voro oIigibIo lo bocomo cilizons
of India on 26ll }anuary, 1950 and vlo aro cilizons of ollor counlrios, oxcopl IaIislan
and BangIadosl.
As on 31sl May 2010, 6.02 IaIl porsons of Indian origin lavo boon rogislorod as
-- - (OCIs).
is organizod by llo Minislry of Ovorsoas Indian Affairs,
Govornmonl of India vill llo objoclivo of famiIiarizing Indian Disapora youll, in
llo ago group of 1826 yoars, vill llo dovoIopmonls and acliovomonls mado by llo
counlry in various fioIds oconomic, induslriaI, oducalion, scionco and loclnoIogy,
communicalion and informalion loclnoIogy, cuIluro, olc. and bringing llom cIosor
lo llo Iand of lloir ancoslors.
UPSC
Hindi/English/Essay
(Compulsory)
(Mains) Examination
Topic wise Papers- 20 + years
UPSCPORTALS
Buy online at: www.upscportal.com/order-
INDIA 2011
228
-
Indian }ulo Rosoarcl Associalion KoIIala
Tlo WooI Rosoarcl Associalion Tlano
Sardar VaIIablblai Inslilulo of ToxliIo Coimbaloro
Managomonl 24 Doc., 2002
Rasllriya ClomicaIs IorliIisor Ild. Trombay, Iroducos Nilrogon and Ilosplalo
Ocl 1965
Inslilulo of Ioslicido IormuIalion Gurgaon, 1991 Aidod by UNDI/UNIDO lo promolo Ios-
ToclnoIogy licido IormuIalion ToclnoIogy in India.
Hinduslan Organic ClomicaIs Ild. Raigad,
Malarasllra,
1960
Hinduslan Anlibiolics Ild. Iimiri, Iuno, Tlo main producls of HAI aro IoniciIIin-
30 Marcl, 1954 G and IoniciIIin and Slroplomycin.
ConlraI of IIaslic Inginooring & Tocl. Clonnai, 1968
Indian Buroau of Minos Nagpur, 1948 Iromolion and Consorvalion of minoraI
rosourcos by vay of inspocling of minos
socurily and approvaI of mining pIanls.
NalionaI AIuminium Company Ild. Orrisa Iargosl AIuminium IIanl CompIox)
(NAICO) 7 }an., 1981
Hinduslan Coppor Ild. (HCI) Klolri, SoIo inlogralod producor of Irimary
Rajasllan Coppor from Indigonous Rosourcos
9 May, 1967
Hinduslan Zinc Ild. (HZI) Udaipur, 1966
Industry
19
INDIA 2011
229
- - marIod llo boginning of llo ovoIulion of llo
Indian InduslriaI IoIicy. - - gavo llo pubIic soclor
a slralogic roIo in llo oconomy. Tlo InduslriaI IoIicy inilialivos undorlaIon by llo Gov-
ornmonl sinco }uIy 1991 lavo boon dosignod lo buiId on llo pasl induslriaI acliovomonls
and lo accoIoralo llo procoss of maIing Indian induslry inlornalionaIIy compolilivo.
INDUSTRIAL LICENSING POLICY
Will llo inlroduclion of llo Nov InduslriaI IoIicy (NII) in 1991, a subslanliaI programmo
of doroguIalion las boon undorlaIon. InduslriaI Iiconsing las boon aboIislod for mosl
iloms. In Augusl 2008, llo Doparlmonl las aIso laIon a docision lo romovo llo Iiconsing
roquiromonl undor llo Induslrios (DovoIopmonl and RoguIalion) Acl, 1951 for Iocalion of
induslrios. As a rosuIl, nov llo InduslriaI Iiconsing is roquirod in llo foIIoving casos onIy:
(a) Ior manufacluro of an ilom undor compuIsory Iiconsing, or
(b) Wlon an ilom rosorvod for smaII scaIo soclor is inlondod lo bo manufaclurod by
an undorlaIing.
IrosonlIy InduslriaI Iiconsing is roquirod onIy for llo foIIoving 5 induslrios roIalod lo
socurily, slralogic and onvironmonlaI concorns:
(i) DisliIIalion and broving of aIcoloIic drinIs
(ii) Cigars and cigarollos of lobacco and manufaclurod lobacco subslilulos,
(iii) IIoclronic aorospaco and dofonco oquipmonls of aII lypos,
(iv) InduslriaI oxpIosivos incIuding dolonaling fusos, safoly fusos, gun povdor,
nilrocoIIuIoso and malclos,
(v) Spocifios lazardous clomicaIs, (a) Hydrocyanic acid and ils dorivalivos,
(b) Ilosgono and ils dorivalivos and (c) Isocyanalos and disocyanalos of
lydrocarbon, or oIso vloro spocifiod (oxampIo MollyI isocyanalo).
A significanl numbor of induslrios lad oarIior boon rosorvod for pubIic soclor. Tlo poIicy
las boon IiboraIisod progrossivoIy and prosonlIy llo aroas rosorvod for llo pubIic soclor
aro: (a) Alomic Inorgy and (b) RaiIvay Transporl.
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI)
Ioroign Dirocl Invoslmonl (IDI) is a moans lo suppIomonl domoslic invoslmonls and bridgo
llo invoslmonl-savings gap. Tlo roIo of IDI in llo upgradalion of loclnoIogy, sIiIIs and
managoriaI capabiIilios is nov voII accoplod. AddilionaI invoslmonls ovor and abovo llo
invoslmonls possibIo vill llo avaiIabIo domoslic rosourcos loIp in providing mucl noodod
ompIoymonl opporlunilios. Govornmonl las pul in pIaco a IiboraI and invoslor-friondIy
poIicy for IDI undor vlicl IDI up lo 100 is pormillod undor llo aulomalic roulo in
mosl aclivilios/soclors. Roviov of llo IDI poIicy is a conlinuous ongoing procoss. During
llo yoar 200708, llo poIicy vas roviovod and llo foIIoving moasuros nolifiod:
(a) Minimum capilaIizalion norms for fund basod NBICs-US$ 0.5 miIIion lo bo brougll
upfronl for IDI up lo 51, US$ 5 miIIion lo bo brougll upfronl for IDI abovo 51
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and up lo 75 and US$ 50 miIIion oul of vlicl US$ 7.5 miIIion lo bo brougll upfronl
and llo baIanco in 24 monlls for IDI boyond 75 and up lo 100.
(b) Minimum capilaIizalion norms for non-fund basod NBIC aclivilios-US$ 0.5 miIIion.
(c) Ioroign invoslors can sol up 100 oporaling subsidiarios villoul llo condilion lo
disinvosl a minimum of 25 of ils oquily lo Indian onlilios subjocl lo bringing in
US$ 50 miIIion villoul any roslriclion on numbor of oporaling subsidiarios villoul
bringing addilionaI capilaI.
(d) }oinl vonluro oporaling NBICs llal lavo 75 or Ioss llan 75 foroign invoslmonl
viII aIso bo aIIovod lo sol up subsidiarios for undorlaIing ollor NBIC aclivilios
subjocl lo llo subsidiarios aIso compIying vill llo appIicabIo minimum capilaI infIov.
(o) CompIianco vill llo guidoIinos of llo RBI.
(f) Tlo minimum capilaIizalion norms voId appIy vouId bo appIicabIo vloro llo foroign
loIiding in a NBIC (boll dirocl and indirocl) oxcoods llo Iimils indicalod al (a) abovo.
(g) Tlo capilaI for llo purposo of minimum capilaIizalion norms slaII consisl of ordinary
slaros onIy.
E-BIZ PROJECT
Tlo Doparlmonl las undorlaIon an o-Biz Irojocl, vlicl is among llo Mission Modo Irojocls
undor NoGI. Tlo objoclivos of solling up of llo o-Biz IorlaI aro lo provido a numbor of
sorvicos lo businoss usors covoring llo onliro Iifo cycIo on lloir oporalion. Tlo projocl aims
al onlancing Indias businoss compolilivonoss llrougl a sorvico orionlod, ovonl-drivon G2B
inloraclion. Tlo projocl invoIvos solling up a comprolonsivo and inlogralod porlaI vill
sorvicos across conlraI, slalo and IocaI govornmonls, llal addross aII llo noods of llo
businossos and Induslrios. Nino ConlraI Govornmonl Minislrios/Doparlmonls/Officos and
fivo Slalo Govornmonls (Haryana, TamiI Nadu, Andlra Iradosl, Malarasllra and DoIli)
lavo boon incIudod undor llo IiIol Ilaso of llo Irojocl. Al prosonl, llo Doparlmonl is in
llo procoss of finaIizalion of llo londor documonls (RII) in consuIlalion vill slaIoloIdors
of llo projocl. Tlo projocl viII bo for duralion of 10 yoars. Tlo piIol plaso of llo projocl
viII bo compIolod villin ono yoar from llo dalo il laIos off and viII provido 29 sorvicos
al aII llroo IovoIs as indicalod abovo. SubsoquonlIy llo projocl viII bo oxpandod in llo noxl
2 yoars llrougloul llo counlry and covor aII llo sorvicos roquirod by businoss lousos. IinaIIy,
during llo Iasl 7 yoars of llo projocl, il viII bo oporalod in a pubIic-privalo parlnorslip (III)
modo vill suilabIo arrangomonls for rovonuo slaring.
INDUSTRIAL CORRIDOR PROJECT
In pursuanco of MoU signod bolvoon Govornmonl of India and Govornmonl of }apan
during HonbIo IMs visil lo ToIyo in Docombor 2006 lo promolo invoslmonls and oxpIoro
opporlunilios for muluaI cooporalion, Union Cabinol lad approvod in principIo llo projocl
oulIino of DoIli-Mumbai InduslriaI Corridor (DMIC) on 16ll Augusl, 2007. Tlo DMIC
sooIs lo croalo slrong oconomic baso vill gIobaIIy compolilivo onvironmonl and slalo-
of-llo-arl infraslrucluro lo aclivalo IocaI Commorco, onlanco foroign invoslmonls and
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allain suslainabIo dovoIopmonl. DoIli-Mumbai InduslriaI Corridor is proposod lo bo
dovoIopod as a ModoI InduslriaI Corridor of inlornalionaI slandards vill omplasis on
oxpanding llo manufacluring llo sorvicos baso and dovoIop DMIC as llo GIobaI Man-
ufacluring and Trading Hub. Tlo projocl aims al doubIing llo ompIoymonl polonliaI,
lripIing llo induslriaI oulpul and quadrupIing oxporls from llo rogion, aII villin fivo
yoars. Tlo projocl rogion of DMIC covors parls of Ullar Iradosl, Haryana, Rajasllan,
Gujaral, Malarasllra and Madlya Iradosl. Il is proposod lo dovoIop llo projocl in lvo
plasos. In llo Ilaso-I of llo projocl (20072012), six invoslmonl rogions and six induslriaI
aroas aro proposod lo bo dovoIopod. ` 330 Croros las boon aIIocalod for llo projocl undor
llo 11ll Iivo Yoar IIan. Anollor 12 nodos lavo boon idonlifiod lonlalivoIy for dovoIopmonl
in llo Ilaso II (20132018) of llo projocl. Will llo objoclivo lo croalo inlorosl in privalo
pIayors in llo DMIC Irojocl, il is proposod lo inilialo vorI on llroo lo four roadiIy
avaiIabIo and slralogicaIIy imporlanl oarIy bird infraslrucluro projocls in oacl nolo.
In ordor lo givo ovoraII guidanco, pIanning and approvaIs, an Apox Moniloring Aullor-
ily for DMIC Irojocl vas sol up on 11ll Soplombor, 2007 vill llo Iinanco Minislor as
Clairporson, Union Minislors/Dy. Clairporson, IIanning Commission/Cliof Minislors of
six Slalos as Mombors.
- Tlo conlraI
SIV, vas incorporalod on 7ll }anuary, 2008 vill aullorizod oquily baso of ` 10 croros
vill iniliaI oquily slrucluro of GOI 49 and IinanciaI Inslilulions (II&IS and IDIC): 51
DMICDC viII bo coordinaling oxoculion of various lasIs undor llo guidanco of Apox
Moniloring Aullorily, arrango financing, and provido advisory sorvicos for succossfuI
projocl impIomonlalion. DMICDC viII lavo a rovoIving Irojocl DovoIopmonl Iund of
` 1000 Croros conlribulod oquaIIy by Govornmonl of India and Govornmonl of }apan for
maslor pIanning, projocl roporl proparalion, loclnicaI sludios/roporls, olc. for llo onliro
DMIC rogion as voII as for individuaI invoslmonl nodos boforo lloy aro bid oul lo
succossfuI privalo dovoIopors. In llo firsl mooling of Board of Diroclors loId on 28.1.2008,
M/s II&IS Infraslrucluro DovoIopmonl Corporalion Iimilod (IIDC) vas appoinlod as
Irojocl Managomonl ConsuIlanl (IMC) lo DMICDC. Tlo Doparlmonl las aIso inilialod
aclion for proparalion of Concopl Iapor for llo Clonnai-BangaIuru-Mumbai InduslriaI
Corridor Irojocl on llo Iinos of DMIC Irojocl.
INVESTMENT PROMOTION & INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION (IP&IC)
Tlo Doparlmonl acls as a nodaI poinl for biIaloraI }oinl Commission Moolings (}CM)
bolvoon India-Hungary, India-Iibya, India-Svodon India-IoIand and India-BoIarus for
promoling induslriaI, scionlific, loclnicaI and scionlific corporalion vill lloso counlrios
namoIy Svodon, IoIand, Hungary, Iibya and BoIarus. In ordor lo promolo biIaloraI/
InduslriaI cooporalion and lo allracl infIovs of foroign dirocl invoslmonl inlo India, llo
Doparlmonl oxlonds financiaI supporl undor llo IC&}V IIan sclomo lo various induslriaI
organizalions IiIo CII/IICCI/ASSOCHAM olc. lo organizo sominars/vorIslops/road
slovs boll in India and abroad. Tlo Doparlmonl aIso parlicipalos in llo }oinl Businoss
CounciIs and ollor inloraclivo sossions organizod by llo induslry organizalions. SovoraI
foroign Govornmonl/Businoss doIogalions visil India and loId discussions vill llo
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Doparlmonl for slronglloning induslriaI cooporalion. Indian doIogalions aIso loId dis-
cussions vill foroign counlrios for invoslmonl promolion and induslriaI dovoIopmonl
in India.
- -- -- -
Tlo 3rd India-GCC InduslriaI Iorum : Tlo 3rd India-GCC InduslriaI Iorum vas
organizod in associalion vill CII and IICCI in Mumbai from 2930 May, 2007. Commorco
& Induslry Minislor loadod llo Indian doIogalion vliIo Minislors and officiaIs, incIuding
businoss doIogalion parlicipalod from GCC Slalus. IIonary sossions voro loId in fivo
soclors of muluaI inlorosl lo India and GCC slalos viz. Opporlunilios for invoslmonl,
Opporlunilios in RoaI Islalo DovoIopmonl, Opporlunilios in Inorgy cooporalion-OiI, Gas
and Iovor, Opporlunilios in Infraslrucluro soclor and Opporlunilios in polroclomicaIs
soclor. Tlo Mumbai DocIaralion adoplod al llo concIusion of llo forum incIudod solling
up of a loIding company from llo coIIoclivo funds of India and llo GCC Slalos, vill
privalo and pubIic parlicipalion, llal vouId vorI lovards promoling SmaII and Modium
Inlorprisos in boll India and llo GCC Slalos.
LIGHT INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY SECTOR
Cement Industry
Comonl is ono of llo mosl loclnoIogicaIIy advancod induslrios in llo counlry. Il pIays a
cruciaI roIo in llo lousing and infraslrucluro soclor of llo oconomy. Tlo prico and
dislribulion conlroI of comonl las boon romovod sinco 1989 and il las boon oxomplod from
Iiconsing in 1991 undor llo InduslriaI (DovoIopmonl & RoguIalion) Acl, 1951. Sinco llon,
comonl induslry las mado rapid slridos boll in capacily/produclion and procoss loclnoI-
ogy. Il nol onIy ranIs socond in llo produclion of comonl in llo vorId bul aIso producos
quaIily comonl vlicl mools gIobaI slandards. Tlo produclion during 200708 vas 168.03
miIIion lonnos, rogisloring a grovll of 7.83 por conl ovor provious yoar. Ixporl of comonl
and cIinIor vas 6.02 miIIion lonnos in 200708.
Leather Industry
Tlo Ioallor Induslry occupios a prominonl pIaco in llo Indian oconomy in viov of ils
subslanliaI oxporl oarnings, ompIoymonl polonliaI and grovll. Tlo Ioallor soclor providos
ompIoymonl mainIy lo poopIo from llo disadvanlagod soclions of socioly. Moro llan 30
por conl of llo vorIforco ompIoyod in llis soclor is vomon.
Tlo Ioallor soclor in India las a comparalivo advanlago duo lo abundanl suppIy of rav
lidos and sIins, ligl IovoI of loclnoIogicaI proparodnoss, vasl luman rosourcos and a sIiII-
basod induslriaI soclor. Il las boon oslimalod llal aboul 10 of llo vorIds suppIy of
Ioallor is procossod in India. Hovovor, ils slaro of gIobaI Ioallor lrado is Ioss llan llroo
por conl. IroposaI of 11ll IIan: Basod on llo rocommondalions of llo Inlor-MinisloriaI
Commilloo vlicl vas assignod llo lasI lo proparo a roporl on Ioallor and Ioallor Goods
induslry for llo 11ll Iivo Yoar IIan, llo Doparlmonl of InduslriaI IoIicy & Iromolion lad
submillod a porspoclivo pIan undor Indian Ioallor DovoIopmonl Irogrammo (IIDI) for
INDIA 2011
233
approvaI of llo Cabinol. Tlo Cabinol during ils mooling loId on 14ll Augusl las approvod
llo IIDI Sclomo vill an oulIay of ` 912.67 croros vill omplasis on Infraslrucluro
DovoIopmonl, Capacily BuiIding, Human Rosourco DovoIopmonl, Invoslmonl Iromolion
and InvironmonlaI probIoms for llo Ioallor Induslry.
Rubber Goods Industry
Tlo smaII scaIo soclor covors vido rango of producls IiIo boIl, aprons, gIovos, olc. and
accounls for ovor 50 of rubbor goods in llo non-lyro soclor vlicl las an annuaI lurnovor
of ` 10,863 croro. Tlo Indian Rubbor Manufaclurors Rosoarcl Associalion (IRMRA), Tlano,
an aulonomous inslilulion undor llo Doparlmonl of InduslriaI IoIicy & Iromolion, is
dodicalod lo basic and appIiod rosoarcl in rubbor and aIIiod producls. IslabIislod in 1959,
IRMRA las croalod nocossary infraslrucluro for rosoarcl and dovoIopmonl and losling of
aII rubbor producls in llo non-lyro soclor. Tlo lyro rosoarcl and losling conlro is oxpoclod
lo bo commissionod in 201011.
Paper and Newsprint Industry
Tlo Indian papor induslry, vlicl is conlury oId, las mado sloady progross and vilnossod
a modoralo produclion grovll ralo. Tlo papor and novsprinl induslry is liglIy fragmonl-
od vill llo inslaIIod capacilios ranging from 2 lonos lo 800 lonos por day Tlo lurnovor
of llo induslry is aboul ` 16,000 croro and conlribulos aboul ` 2500 croro lo nalionaI
oxcloquor. Tlo por capila consumplion of papor, vlicl is llo boncl marI of modornizalion
of any counlry, slands al 7.2 Ig for India, vlicl is far boIov in comparison lo llo gIobaI
avorago of 50 Ig. Tlo papor induslry is doIiconsod and doconlroIIod sinco 1997. Coss on
papor is Ioviod al llo ralo of 0.125 advaIorom sinco 198081.
Indian Textiles
CurronlIy, il conlribulos aboul 14 por conl lo induslriaI produclion, 4 por conl lo llo
GDI, and 13.50 por conl lo llo counlrys oxporl oarnings. Tlo ToxliIos soclor is llo socond
Iargosl providor of ompIoymonl aflor agricuIluro. Tlo induslry vlicl vas groving al
34 porconl during llo Iasl six docados las nov accoIoralod lo an annuaI grovll ralo
of 89 porconl in vaIuo lorms. Tlo calaIysl for llis oxpononliaI grovll is a buoyanl
domoslic oconomy, subslanliaI incroaso in collon produclion, a conducivo poIicy onvi-
ronmonl providod by llo Govornmonl, llo ond of llo MuIli Iibro Arrangomonl (MIA),
on Docombor 31, 2004.
Technical Textiles
Tlo Govornmonl proposo lo Iauncl llo ToclnoIogy Mission on ToclnicaI ToxliIos vlicl
viII bo impIomonlod during llo XIll Iivo Yoar IIan poriod (200712). Tlo Mission viII
dovoIop capacily, doviso slandards, dovoIop producls, and sol up common losling faciIilios,
oxpand llo domoslic and oxporl marIols and dovoIop sIiIIs.
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Jute and Jute Textiles Industry
Il is ono of llo major induslrios in llo oaslorn rogion, parlicuIarIy in Wosl BongaI. }ulo,
llo goIdon fibro, mools aII llo slandards for safo pacIaging in viov of boing a naluraI,
ronovabIo, biodogradabIo and oco-friondIy producl. GIobaIIy, India is llo Iargosl producor
and socond Iargosl oxporlor of julo goods. Tlo Govornmonl on }uno 2, 2006, approvod
llo impIomonlalion of llo }ulo ToclnoIogy Mission (}TM) al an oslimalod cosl of ` 355.55
croro, of vlicl llo oulIay for mini missions III and IV viII bo ` 38.60 and ` 260.00 croro
rospoclivoIy. Tlo Doparlmonl of AgricuIluraI Rosoarcl & Iducalion, Minislry of AgricuI-
luro, Iaunclod llo Mini Mission I of llo }ulo ToclnoIogy Mission (}TM) on Novombor 9,
2006. Tlo Doparlmonl of AgricuIluro & Cooporalivo, Minislry of AgricuIluro, Iaunclod
Mini Mission II of }TM on Docombor 21, 2006. Mini Mission III and IV voro Iaunclod by
llo Minislry of ToxliIos on Iobruary, 6, 2007. }TM compriso four Mini-missions:
1. Mini-mission I : Slronglloning of Rosoarcl & DovoIopmonl
2. Mini-mission II : Transfor of ToclnoIogy
3. Mini-mission III : DovoIopmonl of MarIoling Infraslrucluro
4. Mini-mission IV : Modornisalion/Upgradalion of ToclnoIogy of }ulo Soclor, and
inilialion of aclivilios for promolion of }ulo DivorsifiodIroducls.
The Sericulture and Silk Textiles Industry
GIobaIIy India is llo socond Iargosl producor of siII and conlribulos aboul 18 lo llo lolaI
vorId rav siII produclion. Il is ono of llo mosl Iabour inlonsivo soclor, combining aclivilios
boll agricuIluro (SoricuIluro) and induslry. Tlo Govornmonl of India las concurronl
rosponsibiIily for llo dovoIopmonl of llo SiII induslry in llo counlry, vlicl il fuIfiIIs
mainIy llrougl llo ConlraI SiII Board (CSB), a slalulory body, conslilulod undor llo
ConlraI SiII Board Acl, 1948. CSB impIomonls llo CalaIylic DovoIopmonl Irogrammo
(CDI) in llo siII producing Slalos vlicl providos supporl and inconlivos for llo produc-
lion of quaIily cocoons and rav siII. Tlo - -
Tlo SiII MarI Sclomo vas Iaunclod for llo brand promolion
of SiII. Tlo ConlraI SiII Board (Amondmonl) Acl, 2006 vas onaclod lo roguIalo llo quaIily
of SiII-vorm soods, and camo inlo forco v.o.f. Soplombor 14, 2006.
The Wool and Woollen Textiles Industry
Tlo vooIIon loxliIos induslry is a ruraI basod, oxporl orionlod induslry in vlicl llo
organizod soclor, llo doconlraIizod soclor, and llo ruraI soclor compIomonl oacl ollor.
Tlo counlry is llo sovonll Iargosl producor of vooI and conlribulos 1.8 lolaI vorId
produclion. WooI is llo onIy naluraI fibro in vlicl llo counlry is doficionl. A smaII quanlily
of SpociaIily fibro is oblainod from Iaslmina goals and Angora rabbils. Govornmonl is
impIomonling llo Inlogralod WooI Improvomonl & DovoIopmonl Irogrammo (IWIDI).
QuaIily Irocossing of WooI and SociaI Socurily Sclomo for llo grovll and dovoIopmonl
INDIA 2011
235
of llo vooI and vooIIon induslry in llo counlry. Tlo programmo is boing adminislorod
by llo ConlraI WooI DovoIopmonl Board (CWDB), }odlpur, llrougl Slalo Govornmonl
Organizalions/NGOs olc.
Handlooms
Tlo Govornmonl of India las aIso onsurod llo avaiIabiIily of rav-maloriaI lo landIoom
voavors llrougl llo HanI Yarn ObIigalion Ordor. Tlo Govornmonl lad for llo firsl limo
adoplod llo cIuslors dovoIopmonl approacl for llo comprolonsivo and loIislic dovoIop-
monl of soIoclod landIoom cIuslors. Il is oxpoclod llal 625 cIuslors, vill 300500 Iooms,
al an oslimalod cosl of ` 60 IaIls por cIuslor, viII bo dovoIopod by 2012. Tlo nov HoaIll
Insuranco Sclomo (in pIaco of llo oarIior ono) vas Iaunclod on Novombor 3, 2005. Tlo
Sclomo Covor aII pro-oxisling and nov disoasos. Bosidos, Malalma Gandli, BunIor Bima
Yojna vas Iaunclod on Oclobor 2, 2005 in coIIaboralion vill llo Iifo Insuranco Corporalion
of India Ild. (IIC), lo covor naluraI and accidonlaI doalls. To givo a dislinclivo idonlily
lo landIooms producls, llo HandIoom MarI vas Iaunclod on }uno 28, 2006, by llo Irimo
Minislor, Dr. Manmolan Singl.
Handicrafts
Tlo Govornmonl lad Iaunclod llo Rajiv Gandli SliIp Svasllya Bima Yojana in Marcl 2007
lo provido loaIll caro sorvicos lo llo arlisans famiIy, incIuding soIf, spouso and lvo
cliIdron. Tlo Handicrafls soclor las omorgod as ono of llo mosl imporlanl foroign
oxclango oarnors for India on a suslainod basis. India is llo vorId Ioador in oxporlod
carpols vill 36 of gIobaI slaro. Tlo oxporl during 200809 voro 10,892 croro. Tlo
Govornmonl sanclionod 44 urban Haals across llo counlry on llo pallorn of DoIli Haal
lo provido dirocl marIoling oulIols lo arlisans from ruraI and urban aroas. Tlo Urban
Haals al foIIoving Iocalions lavo bocomo oporalionaI. }ammu and Srinagar (}&K), Uclana,
KarnaI (Haryana), }odlpur (Rajasllan), Golar MalaI, BlopaI (M.I.), Almodabad and Bluj
(Gujaral), Mysoro (KarnalaIa), Tirupali (A.I.), Blubanoslvar and KonarI (Odisla), Agra
(UI) and Iilampura (DoIli).
Central Public Sector Enterprises
Tlo Govornmonl of India announcod on 24ll }uIy, 1991 a slalomonl of InduslriaI IoIicy
inlor-aIia lo improvo llo porformanco and porlfoIio of IubIic Soclor Inlorprisos. Tlo
porformanco of CISIs las improvod significanlIy sinco 199192 and las slovn conlinuous
grovll.
In }uIy 1997, llo Govornmonl lad idonlifiod 9 ConlraI IubIic Soclor Inlor-
prisos as Navralnas vlicl is incroasod lo 18 Ialor on. IniliaIIy BHII, BICI, GAII, HICI,
IOC, MTNI, NTIC, DONGC SAII nov onos aro
. Tloso ISIs lavo boon givon onlancod aulonomy and doIogalion
of povors lo incur capilaI oxpondiluro, lo onlor inlo loclnoIogy joinl vonluros/slralogic
aIIiancos, lo offocl organisalionaI roslrucluring, lo croalo and vind up boIov Board IovoI
INDIA 2011
236
posls, lo raiso capilaI from domoslic and inlornalionaI marIol, lo oslabIisl financiaI joinl
vonluros and lo vloIIy ovnod subsidiarios, olc.
In Oclobor 1997, llo Govornmonl las docidod lo granl onlancod aulonomy
and doIogalion of financiaI povors lo somo ollor profil maIing companios subjocl lo corlain
oIigibiIily condilions and guidoIinos lo maIo llom officionl and compolilivo.
Tloso companios, aro dividod in lvo calogorios, namoIy, Calogory-I and Calogory-II.
Tlo criloria for conforring llo Miniralna slalus aro: (i) ISI slouId bo profil maIing for
llo Iasl 3 yoars conlinuousIy and slouId lavo posilivo nol vorll, (ii) il slouId nol lavo
dofauIlod in ropaymonl of Ioans/inlorosl paymonl on Ioans duo lo Govornmonl, (iii) il
slouId nol dopond upon budgolary supporl or Govornmonl guaranloo (Govornmonl
guaranloo roquirod undor llo slandard slipuIalions of oxlornaI donor agoncios viII nol
affocl llo Miniralna slalus), and (iv) roslrucluring of llo Board of Diroclors by inducling
non-officiaI Diroclors. ISIs vlicl lavo mado pro-lax profil of ` 30 croro or moro in al
Ioasl ono of llo 3 yoars aro givon Calogory I slalus vliIo ollors aro givon Calogory II
slalus. IrosonlIy lloro aro 45 Miniralna IsIs (30 Calogory I and 15 Calogory II).
- - Tlo sicI induslriaI onlor-
prisos aro roforrod lo BIIR, oslabiIislod in May 1987 undor llo provision of SicI InduslriaI
Companios (SpociaI Irovision) Acl, 1985 vill llo objoclivo lo formuIalo approprialo ro-
vivaI/rolabiIilalion pacIagos. As on Marcl 08, 66 ISIs voro rogislorod vill BIIR, oul
of vlicl rovivaI sclomos voro sanclionod lo 9 onlorprisos, 3 casos dismissod as non-
mainlainabIo, 5 companios docIarod as no Iongor sicI and 5 ollor casos droppod on
accounl of nol vorll bocoming posilivo. Board for Roconslruclion of IubIic Soclor Inlor-
prisos, oslabiIislod in Doc., 04 lo adviso llo Govornmonl on llo proposaIs of roslrucluring/
rovivaI of sicI and Ioss maIing CISI, incIuding casos vloro disinvoslmonl or cIosuro or
saIo aro juslifiod. Tlo concornod adminislralivo Minislrios/Doparlmonls proparo appro-
prialo proposaIs in llis rogard and submil lo BRISI for considoralion. BRISI las mado
rocommondalions in rospocl of 53 CISIs so far and oul of llom llo Govornmonl las
approvod rovivaI pIans of 52 casos liII 30ll }uno, 2008.
Automobile Industry
- AulomobiIo Induslry vas doIiconsod in }uIy 1991 vloroas
llo passongor car vas lovovor doIiconsod in 1993. Al prosonl 100 Ioroign Dirocl
Invoslmonl (IDI) is pormissibIo undor aulomalic roulo in llis soclor. Tlo imporl of
loclnoIogy/loclnoIogicaI upgradalion on llo royaIly paymonl of 5 villoul any
duralion Iimil and Iumpsum paymonl of US$ 2 miIIion is aIso aIIovod undor aulomalic
roulo in llis soclor. Tlo IiboraIisalion of roslriclions las loIpod llo soclor lo roslrucluro
ilsoIf, absorb novor loclnoIogios, aIign ilsoIf lo llo gIobaI dovoIopmonls and roaIizo
ils fuII polonliaI.
Automotive Mission Plan 20062016
HonbIo Irimo Minislor, Dr. Manmolan Singl Iaunclod Aulomolivo Mission IIan 2006
2016 (AMI 20062016) proparod by llo Minislry of Hoavy Induslrios and IubIic Inlorprisos
INDIA 2011
237
in }anuary, 2007 vill llo aim lo incroaso produclion 145 biIIion doIIar so llal conlribulion
of aulomobiIo in llo GDI bocomo moro llan 10 as voII aulomobiIo soclor croalo 2.5 cr
ompIoymonl liII by 2016.
Steel
Today, India is llo 8ll Iargosl Crudo slooI producing counlry in llo vorId. In India imporls
and oxporls of aII iloms of iron and slooI is frooIy aIIovod. Ixporls of ligl-grado ironoro,
clromooro and manganosooro aro mado llrougl dosignalod canaIizing agoncios subjocl
lo llo coiIing imposod by llo Govornmonl.
- Tlougl llo counlrys produclion of iron and slooI is sufficionl lo mool llo
domoslic domand, somo quanlily of slooI is aIvays noodod lo bo imporlod ospociaIIy
lloso grados and quaIilios vlicl aro roquirod in smaII quanlilios and lloroforo, do
nol juslify solling up of produclion capacilios.
- VaIuo addilion in llo Indian oxporl basIol las boon a major lrond. IarIior,
oxporls consislod mainIy of pIalos, slrucluraI bars and rods. Nov aparl from lloso,
lol roIIod coiIs, coId roIIod coiIs, coIour coalod slools, GI/GC slools, pig iron and
spongo iron aro aIso boing oxporlod.
Duty Exemption
Duly Ixomplion sclomos onabIo duly froo imporl of inpuls roquirod for oxporl produclion
vloro as Duly InlilIomonl Iass BooI (DIIB) Sclomo, undor llo Duly Romission calogory
aIIovs crodil of imporl clargos on inpuls usod in oxporl producls.
Fertilizers
India is llo - aflor Clina and USA
1sl and 2nd rospoclivoIy. Al prosonl, lloro aro 56 Iargo sizo forliIizor unils invoIvod in llo
manufacluring various nilrogonous, plosplalic and compIox forliIizors. Of lloso, 29 unils
produco uroa, 20 unils produco DAI and compIox forliIizors, 7 unils produco Iov anaIysis
slraigll nilrogonous forliIizors. During 200910, India imporlod around 57 IaIl lonos of
Uroa, 66 lonos of DAI and 44 IaIl lonos of MOI.
- las, al prosonl, six oporaling unils vill llo lolaI
inslaIIod capapcily of 14.86 IMT of Nilrogon. Rasllriya ClomicaIs and IorliIisors Iimilod
(RCI) oslabiIislod in 1982 and is oporaling fivo forliIizor pIanls vill llo inslaIIod capacily
of 10.54 IMT of Nilrogon and 1.20 IMT of Ilosplalo.
(BVICI) las boon conslilulod inlo
a nov company from 1sl ApriI, 2002 aflor laving off llo namrup unils from HIC. Unil
I and III of BVICI lavo boon commissionod in Marcl 2002 aflor lloir rovamp. Unil II
vas commissionod in Novombor 2005. Unil II las producod 0.61 IMT of Uroa vloroas
Unil III las producod 1.28 IMT of Uroa.
INDIA 2011
238
- oslabiIislod in on 14ll
Iobruary, 2003 vlicl is ongagod in mining of Gypsum in four dislricls of llo Slalo of
Rajasllan, ollor objoclivos incIudo oxlonding llo mining aclivilios in ollor minoraIs avaiI-
abIo in llo Slalo of Rajasllan. During 200809 llo company las producod 9.30 IMT of
gypsum.
- - is a joinl vonluro bolvoon llo Govornmonl of India
and llo NalionaI Iranian OiI Company vill llo rosl as pubIic oquily loIding. Al prosonl,
GOI loIds ` 95.85 croro (59.50), NIOC loIds ` 41.52 croro (25.77) and pubIic loId `
23.73 croro (14.73) of oquily. Tlo annuaI inslaIIod capacily of MII is 3.47 IMT of
Ammonia, 4.87 IMT of Uroa and 8.4 IMT of NIK. During llo yoar 200809 llo company
las producod 7.05 IMT of Uroa.
CO-OPERATIVE SECTOR
las a gas-basod ammonia-Uroa pIanl al Hazira in Gujaral vill a capacily lo
produco 7.95 IMT in lorms of nilrogon por annum. During llo yoar 200809 llo Socioly
las producod 17.43 IMT of Uroa.
Chemical Industry
ClomicaI Induslry is an imporlanl consliluonl of llo Indian oconomy. Ils sizo is oslimalod
al around US$ 35 biIIion approx., vlicl is oquivaIonl lo aboul 3 of Indias GDI. Tlo
lolaI invoslmonl in Indian ClomicaI Soclor is approx. US$ 60 biIIion and lolaI ompIoymonl
gonoralod is aboul 1 miIIion. Tlo Indian ClomicaI soclor accounls for 1314 of lolaI
oxporls and 89 of lolaI imporls of llo counlry. In lorms of voIumo, il is 12ll Iargosl
in llo vorId and 3rd Iargosl in Asia. CurronlIy, por capila consumplion of producls of
clomicaI induslry in India is aboul 1/10ll of llo vorId avorago. In llo ClomicaI Soclor,
100 por conl IDI is pormissibIo.
Tlo Doparlmonl is impIomonling a projocl for dovoIopmonl of safo
and onvironmonl friondIy poslicidos uliIizing llo noom soods. Tlo objoclivo of llis
programmo is lo promolo produclion, procossing and uso of noom basod producls and
providing farmors vill oco-friondIy/biodogradabIo poslicidos lloroby aiding vaslo-
Iand dovoIopmonl and gonoraling ruraI ompIoymonl (- ). Tlis
projocl vas impIomonlod al lvo Iocalions namoIy al Nimpill, Wosl BongaI, llrougl
VivoIanand Inslilulo of BioloclnoIogy and al Nagpur, Malarasllra llrougl Noom
Ioundalion.
Pharmaceutical Sector
In Iobrurary 2002, llo govornmonl announcod llo IlarmacoulicaI
IoIicy-2002. Tlo saIionl foaluros of llis IoIicy aro:
(i) InduslriaI Iiconsing for aII buII drugs cIoarod by Drugs ConlroIIor GonoraI (India),
aII lloir inlormodialos and formuIalions viII bo aboIislod.
INDIA 2011
239
(ii) foroign invoslmonl up lo 100 por conl viII bo pormillod, subjocl lo slipuIalions Iaid
dovn from limo lo limo in llo InduslriaI IoIicy, llrougl llo aulomalic roulo in llo
caso of aII buII drugs cIoarod by Drugs ConlroIIor GonoraI (India).
(iii) Aulomalic approvaI for foroign ToclnoIogy Agroomonl viII bo avaiIabIo in llo caso
of aII buII drugs cIoarod by llo Drugs CounlroIIor GonoraI (India).
(iv) Moasuros lo givo impolus lo R&D in llo Drug Soclor aro as foIIovs:
(a) A manufacluror producing a nov drug palonlod undor llo Indian Ialonl Acl,
1970, and nol producod oIsovloro, if dovoIopod llrougl indigonous R&D, vouId
bo oIigibIo for oxomplion from prico conlroI in rospocl of llal drug for a poriod
of 15 yoars from llo dalo of llo commoncomonl of ils commociaI produclion in
llo counlry.
(b) A manufacluror producing a drug in llo counlry by a procoss dovoIopod llrougl
indigonous R&D palonlod undor llo Indian Ialonl Acl, 1970 vouId bo oIigibIo
for oxomplion from prico conlroI in rospocl of llal drug liII llo oxpiry of llo
palonl from llo dalo of llo commoncomonl of ils commorciaI produclion in llo
counlry llrougl nov palonl procoss.
(c) A formuIalion invoIving a nov doIivory syslom dovoIopod llrougl indigonous
R&D and palonlod undor llo Indian Ialonl Acl, 1970 for procoss palonl for
formuIalion invoIving nov doIivory syslom vouId bo oIigibIo for oxomplion from
prico conlroI in commorciaI produclion in llo counlry liII llo oxpiry of llo palonl.
(v) Tlo syslom of llo prico conlroI vouId bo oporalod llrougl a singIo Iisl of prico
conlroIIod drugs soIoclod on llo basis of criloria as Iaid dovn in llo IlarmacoulicaI
IoIicy 2002 and formuIalions basod lloroon vill a MAII of 100 porconl for indigonous
formuIalions and margin up lo 50 por conl for imporlod formuIalions. Tlo 279 iloms
apporaing in llo aIplabolicaI Iisl of IssonliaI Drugs in llo NalionaI IssonliaI Drugs
Iisl (1966) of llo Minislry of HoaIll and IamiIy WoIfaro and llo 173 iloms, vlicl
aro considorod imporlanl by llal Minislry from llo poinl of viov of lloir uso in
various HoaIll Irogrammos, in omorgoncy caro, olc., vill llo oxcIusion, as in llo
pasl, of sora and vaccinos bIood producls, combinalions, olc. vouId from llo lolaI
basIol oul of vlicl soIoclion of buII drugs vouId bo mado for prico roguIalion,
IubIic Inlorosl Iiligalion in KarnalaIa Higl Courl las rosuIlod in an ordor dalod
12 Novombor, 2002, vlicl sloppod llo Govornmonl from impIomonling llo prico
conlroI rogimo of llo IlarmacoulicaI IoIicy-2002. Tlo Govonmonl las fiIod a SpociaI
Ioavo Iolilion in llo Supromo Courl againsl llo ordor of llo KarnalaIa Higl Courl.
AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTIONS
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology
ConlraI Inslilulo of IIaslics Inginooring & ToclnoIogy (CIIIT) is a promior inslilulion vill
commilmonl of Human Rosourcos DovoIopmonl (HRD), and QuaIily loclnicaI sorvicos in
IIaslics Inginooring & ToclnoIogy for llo pIaslics and aIIiod induslrios in llo counlry.
INDIA 2011
240
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
NalionaI Inslilulion of IlarmacoulicaI Iducalion and Rosoarcl (NIIIR) MaloIi, is llo firsl
nalionaI IovoI inslilulo in plarmacoulicaI scioncos vill a procIaimod objoclivo of bocoming
a Conlro of oxcoIIonco for advancod sludios and rosoarcl in IlarmacoulicaI scioncos. Tlo
Govornmonl of India las docIarod NIIIR as an Inslilulo of NalionaI Imporlanco. NIIIRs
vision and mission is Caloring lo oxcoIIonco in oducalion and rosoarcl in IlarmacoulicaI
scioncos. Tlo Inslilulo is concoivod lo provido Ioadorslip in plarmacoulicaI scioncos and
roIalod aroas nol onIy villin llo counlry, bul aIso lo llo counlrios in Soull Iasl Asia,
Soull Asia and Africa.
- - Tlo Inslilulo of Ioslicido
IormuIalion ToclnoIogy (IIIT), is an aulonomous socioly sol up in llo yoar 1991 by llo
Govornmonl of India vill llo assislanco of UNIDO/UNDI. Tlo Inslilulo is aclivoIy
ongagod in llo aroas of dovoIopmonl of nov, safor and onvironmonl friondIy poslicido
formuIalions and promolion and lransfor of sucl loclnoIogy lo llo induslriaI soclor.
Mineral
Minislry of Minos is rosponsibIo for survoy and oxpIoralion of aII minoraIs, ollor llan
naluraI gasos, polroIoum and alomic minoraIs, for mining and molaIIurgy of non-forrous
molaIs IiIo aIuminium, coppor, zinc, Ioad, goId, nicIoI olc. and for adminislralion of Minos
and MinoraIs (DovoIopmonl and RoguIalion) Acl, 1957 in rospocl of aII minos and minoraIs
ollor llan coaI, naluraI gas and polroIoum.
- India is riclIy ondovod vill many minoraIs. Undor llo Consli-
lulion, minoraI riglls and llo adminislralion of mining Iavs aro voslod in llo rospoclivo
Slalo govornmonls. Tlo ConlraI Govornmonl, lovovor, roguIalos llo dovoIopmonl of
minos and minoraIs undor llo Minos and MinoraIs (DovoIopmonl and RoguIalion) Acl, 1957
and llo ruIos framod lloroundor. Tlo MMDR Acl 1957 camo inlo forco on 1.6.1958 and
a numbor of amondmonls lavo boon carriod oul in 1972, 1986, 1994 and 1999. Tlis slalulo
ompovors llo ConlraI Govornmonl lo formuIalo ruIos for. Tlo granl, ronovaI, olc. of
roconnaissanco pormils, prospocling Iiconcos and mining Ioasos for major minoraIs viz.
MinoraI Concossion RuIos, 1960, framod undor Soclion 13 of MMDR Acl 1957. Tlo con-
sorvalion and dovoIopmonl of minoraIs, (viz. MinoraI Consorvalion and DovoIopmonl
RuIos, 1988 framod undor llo Soclion 18 of llo MMDR Acl, 1957 for major minoraIs. Tloso
RuIos aro nol appIicabIo lo alomic, fuoI and minor minoraIs. Iovors aro voslod undor
Soclion 15 of llo abovo said Acl, lo llo rospoclivo slalo Govornmonls lo framo Minor
MinoraI Concossion RuIos. And accordingIy aII Slalo Govornmonls and somo Union Tor-
rilorios lavo framod lloir ovn RuIos.
Tlo Granilo Consorvalion and DovoIopmonl RuIos, 1999 and MarbIo DovoIopmonl and
Consorvalion RuIos 2002 aro aIso framod undor Soclion of 18 of llo MMDR Acl, 1957 for
consorvalion and syslomalic dovoIopmonl of granilo and marbIo rosourcos in llo counlry,
rospoclivoIy.
- As a soquoI lo llo rocommon-
dalions of llo Hoda Commilloo vlicl vas conslilulod by llo IIanning Commission lo
INDIA 2011
241
roviov llo NalionaI MinoraI IoIicy, a Nov NalionaI MinoraI IoIicy, 2008 vas approvod
by llo Govornmonl. Tlo poIicy advocalos:
(i) Uso of slalo-of-llo-arl loclnoIogy for oxpIoralion,
(ii) Zoro vaslo mining,
(iii) DovoIopmonl of capilaI marIol slrucluros lo allracl risI invoslmonl inlo survoy and
prospocling,
(iv) Transparoncy in aIIocalion of concossions,
(v) Auclion of oro bodios prospoclod al pubIic oxponso,
(vi) Indopondonl Mining Adminislralivo TribunaI,
(vii) A framovorI of suslainabIo dovoIopmonl lo laIo caro of biodivorsily issuos olc.
Adrafl BiII lo ropIaco llo oxisling MMDRAcl is undor considoralion of llo Govornmonl
and consuIlalion procoss vill SlaIoloIdors incIuding Slalos Govornmonl and Induslry
is undor vay.
MINERAL RESOURCES IN INDIA
Tlo principaI minoraIs found in llo counlry aIong vill lloir oslimalod rosorvos/rosourcos
aro givon boIov:
Tlo TolaI Rosourcos of Bauxilo aboul 3,290 miIIion lonnos as on 1.4.2005.
Romaining rosourcos, Odisla, Andlra Iradosl, Gujaral, Cllallisgarl, Madlya Iradosl,
}larIland and Malarasllra aro llo principaI Slalos. Major doposils aro conconlralod
in llo Iasl Coasl Bauxilo doposils of Odisla and Andlra Iradosl.
Islimalod al 213 miIIion lonnos, In India 95 rosourcos aro Iocalod
in Odisla, moslIy in llo SuIinda vaIIoy in CullacI and }aipur dislricls and llo
romaining 5 rosourcos aro dislribulod in Manipur and KarnalaIa and moagro
quanlilios in llo slalos of }larIland, Malarasllra, TamiI Nadu and Andlra Iradosl.
Tlo lolaI rosourco oslimalod al 1.39 biIIion lonnos vill a molaI conlonl
of 11,418 llousand lonnos. Rajasllan is crodilod vill llo Iargosl rosourcos of coppor
oro foIIovod by Madlya Iradosl and }larIland. Coppor rosourcos aro aIso oslabIislod
in Andlra Iradosl, Gujaral, Haryana, KarnalaIa, Malarasllra, MoglaIaya, Odisla,
SiIIim, TamiI Nadu, UllaranclaI and Wosl BongaI.
Tloro aro llroo imporlanl goId fioIds in llo counlry, namoIy, KoIar GoId
IioId, KoIar dislricl and Hulli GoId IioId in Raiclur dislricl (boll in KarnalaIa) and
Ramgiri GoId IioId in Ananlpur dislricl (Andlra Iradosl) 390.29 miIIion lonnos
Haomalilo and Magnolilo aro llo mosl imporlanl iron oro in India.
Aboul 60 laomalilo ono doposils aro found in llo Iaslorn soclor and aboul 87
magnolilo doposils occur in Soullorn soclor, spociaIIy in KarnalaIa. 25,249 miIIion
lonnos as on 1.4.2005. Iron oro (laomolilo) rosourcos aro pIacod al 14,630 miIIion
lonnos of vlicl 13,916 miIIion lonnos (95) rosourcos aro dislribulod mainIy in
Odisla. }larIland, Cllallisgarl, KarnalaIa and Goa. Tlo rosourcos of vory ligl
INDIA 2011
242
grado oro aro Iimilod and aro roslriclod mainIy in BaiIadiIa soclor of Cllallisgarl
and lo a Iossor oxlonl in BoIIary-Hospol aroa of KarnalaIa and Barajamda soclor in
}larIland and Odisla. Iron oro (magnolilo) rosourcos aro pIacod al 10,619 miIIion
lonnos of vlicl onIy 59 miIIion lonnos conslilulo rosorvos Iocalod mainIy in Goa,
Rajasllan and }larIland. Tlo romaining 10,560 miIIion lonnos (99), magnolilo
rosourcos aro undor romaining rosourcos calogory mainIy in KarnalaIa (74) and
Andlra Iradosl (14). Ollor doposils aro Iocalod in Goa, Rajasllan, TamiI Nadu,
KoraIa, Assam, }larIland, NagaIand, MoglaIaya, Bilar, Malarasllra and Odisla.
Ioad-Zinc rosourcos aro Iocalod in Rajasllan, Bilar, Malarasllra,
Madlya Iradosl, Andlra Iradosl, Gujaral, UllaranclaI, Wosl BongaI, Odisla, SiIIim,
TamiI Nadu and MoglaIaya.
Main doposils faII in Odisla, foIIovod by KarnalaIa, Madlya Iradosl,
Malarasllra, Goa and Andlra Iradosl. Minor occurroncos of manganoso aro in
Rajasllan, Gujaral, }larIland and Wosl BongaI.
Aboul 92 rosourcos in Odisla and romaining 8 aro dislribulod in
}larIland, NagaIand and KarnalaIa.
Tlo lolaI rosourco oslimalod al 87.39 miIIion lonnos vill a WO
3
conlonl
of 142094 lonnos. AII lloso rosourcos aro pIacod undor Romaining Rosourcos calogory.
Tlo main doposils aro Dogana in Nagaur dislricl, Rajasllan. Il aIso occurs in KarnalaIa,
Andlra Iradosl, Malarasllra, Haryana, Wosl BongaI, UllaranclaI and Wosl BongaI.
Tlo Mangampol doposil in Cuddapal dislricl (Andlra Iradosl) is llo
singIo Iargosl barylos doposil in llo vorId. Andlra Iradosl aIono accounlod for moro
llan 94 counlrys rosourcos. Minor occurroncos of barylos aro Iocalod in Rajasllan,
Wosl BongaI, Madlya Iradosl, TamiI Nadu, HimaclaI Iradosl, Malarasllra,
}larIland, UllaranclaI, KarnalaIa and Haryana.
Diamond doposils occur in llroo lypos of gooIogicaI sollings sucl as
IimborIilo pipos, congIomoralo bods and aIIuviaI gravoIs. Tlo main diamond boaring
aroas in India aro Ianna boIl in Madlya Iradosl, Munimadugu-BanganapaIio
congIomoralo in KurnooI dislricl, WajraIarur IimborIilo pipo in Ananlapur dislricl, llo
gravoIs of Krislna rivor basin in Andlra Iradosl and dimondiforous IimboIilo in
Raipur, Baslar and Raigarl dislricls in Cllallisgarl. Rosorvos lavo boon oslimalod in
Ianna boIl, Madlya Iradosl, Krislna GravoIs in Andlra Iradosl and in Raipur dislricl,
Cllallisgarl.
Tlo main occurroncos of gypsum aro Iocalod in Rajasllan, }ammu &
Kaslmir, Gujaral and TamiI Nadu. Rajasllan aIono accounls for moro llan 80
counlry rosourco. Minor occurroncos of gypsum aro in Andlra Iradosl, HimaclaI
Iradosl, KarnalaIa, Madlya Iradosl and UllaranclaI.
India ranIs 3rd in llo vorId Clina and USA in CoaI produclion. Rosourco
viso coaIfioIds of Odisla conlain llo Iargosl rosorvos llougl moslIy of inforior quaIily.
(a) Gondvana coaI is Iocalod in coaIfioIds occupying llo Indian loarlIand in llo Slalos
of WB, }larIland, Odisla, Cllallisgarl, MI, Malarasllra, UI and AI. (b) Torilary
INDIA 2011
243
coaIs occur in Assam, ArunaclaI Iradosl, MoglaIaya and NagaIand. (c) Brovn coaI
or Iignilo occurs in coaslaI aroas of TN, Gujaral and inIand basin of Rajasllan.
India is llo vorIds Ioading producor of slool mica and accounls for aboul
60 por conl of gIobaI mica lrado.
Boacl sand doposils rigll from Ralnagiri (Malarasllra) lo coasl in
KoraIa, TN and Odisla.
AI is llo Ioading slalo foIIovod by Rajasllan, KarnalaIa, MI.
- UllaranclaI (66) foIIovod by TN (18) and Rajasllan (14).
Tloso rosorvos lavo boon idonlifiod in TN, Rajasllan, Gujaral, }&K and
KoraIa. Iignilo rosorvod al NoyvoIi aro oxpIoilod by NoyvoIi Iignilo Corporalion
Ild. (NIC). Il is compIoloIy ovnod by Govl. in 1959. -
2000 (QuaIi ly Managomonl Syslom), ISO 14001:2004 (Invi ronmonl
Managomonl Syslom), ISO 18001:1999 (OccupalionaI HoaIll & Safoly Managomonl
Syslom (OHSAS).
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA (GSI)
Tlo promior oarll scionco organizalion of llo counlry, is llo principaI providor of basic
oarll scionco informalion lo llo govornmonl. Induslry and llo gooscionlific soclor. Tlo
vibranl slooI, coaI, molaIs, comonl and povor induslrios vlicl oxpandod plonomonaIIy
in llo posl-indopondonco ora, boar oIoquonl loslimony lo llo GSIs conlribulion loo
nalionaI dovoIopmonl.
PUBLIC SECTOR AND DISINVESTED COMPANIES
Tlo Minislry of Minos las four pubIic soclor undorlaIing (ISUs) undor ils adminislralivo
conlroI NalionaI AIuminium Company Iimilod (NAICO), Hinduslan Coppor Iimilod
(HCI) & Blaral GoId Minos Iimilod (BGMI) aro oporaling in llo fioId of mining and
minoraI procossing, and MinoraI IxpIoralion Corporalion Iimilod (MICI) is oporaling in
llo fioId of minoraI oxpIoralion. Tlo BGMI lovovor is cIosod sinco Marcl 2001. In addilion
llo Govornmonl loIds 49 oquily in Blaral AIuminium Company Iimilod (BAICO) and
29.54 oquily in Hinduslan Zinc Iimilod (HZI) aflor lloir disinvoslmonl. Tlo porformanco
of lloso undorlaIings in 200809 is givon boIov.
NalionaI AIuminium Company
Iimilod (NAICO), Iargosl inlogralod AIumina-AIuminium IIanl CompIox in India, vas
incorporalod on 7ll }anuary, 1981 vill ils rogislorod offico al Blubanosvar.
- HCI, a pubIic soclor undorlaIing undor llo ad-
minislralivo ConlroI of llo Minislry of Minos, vas incorporalod on 9ll Novombor, 1967
undor llo Companios Acl, 1956.
Tlo MinoraI IxpIoralion Corpo-
ralion Iimilod (MICI) sinco incoplion in llo yoar 1972 is carrying oul minoraI oxpIoralion
INDIA 2011
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aclivilios. So far, il las addod 1,36,376 miIIion lonos of minoraI rosorvos lo NalionaI MinoraI
Invonlory.
- Blaral GoId Minos Iimilod (BGMI) laving
rogislorod offico al KoIar GoId IioIds, vas incorporalod as a pubIic soclor company undor
llo Minislry of Minos, on 1sl ApriI, 1972.
Blaral AIuminium Company Iimilod
(BAICO) vas incorporalod on 27ll Novombor, 1965 as a ConlraI IubIic Soclor UndorlaIing
vill an inlogralod AIumina/AIuminium CompIox and a 270 MW Caplivo Iovor IIanl al
Korba prosonlIy in Cllallisgarl.
- Hinduslan Zinc Iimilod (HZI) vas incorporalod in
}anuary, 1966 as a pubIic soclor undorlaIing aflor llo laIoovor of llo orslvliIo MolaI
Corporalion of India Iimilod.
- - Tlo NalionaI Inslilulo of RocI Moclan-
ics (NIRM) is a promior conlor for rosoarcl in appIiod and basic rocI moclanics.
- - NalionaI Inslilulo of Minors HoaIll
(NIMH) Nagpur vas oslabIislod for promolion of occupalionaI loaIll & lygiono in mining
and minoraI basod induslrios and for dovoIopmonl of lrainod manpovor in lloso fioIds.
Il vas rogislorod as Socioly in llo Slalo of KarnalaIa. On cIosuro of BGMI, a camp offico
vas oslabIislod al Amravali Road Wadi, Nagpur in 2002.
- -
: }avalarIaI Nolru AIuminium Rosoarcl DovoIopmonl and Dosign Conlro, Nagpur is
a Conlro of IxcoIIonco sol up in 1989 and bocamo fuIIy funclionaI sinco 1996.
MICRO SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSME) SECTOR
Tlo Micro, SmaII and Modium Inlorprisos DovoIopmonl Organisalion (oarIior Inovn as
SmaII Induslrios DovoIopmonl Organisalion) sol up in 1954, funclions as an apox body for
suslainod and organisod grovll of micro, smaII and modium onlorprisos. As an apox/nodaI
organ, il providos a comprolonsivo rango of faciIilios and sorvicos lo llo MSMIs llougl
ils nolvorI of llirly Micro, SmaII and Modium Inlorprisos-DovoIopmonl. Inslilulos (MSMI-
Dis) lvonly oigll brancl MSMI-Dis, four RogionaI Tosling Conlros (RTCs), sovon IioId
Tosling Slalions (ITSs), six IIDCs, oIovon TooI Rooms (TRs) and lvo SpociaIisod Inslilulos
namoIy. Inslilulo for Dosign of IIoclricaI Moasuring Inslrumonls (IDIMI) and IIoclronics
Sorvico and Training Conlro (ISTC) Rajiv Gandli Udyami Milra Yojana (RGUMY). Tlo
main objoclivo of llo sclomo is lo promolo and supporl oslabIislmonl of nov micro and
smaII onlorprisos llrougl landloIding of polonliaI firsl gonoralion onlropronours, vlo
lavo aIroady succossfuIIy compIolod Inlropronourslip DovoIopmonl Irogrammo (IDI)
SIiII DovoIopmonl Irogrammo (SDI)/Inlropronourslip-cum-SIiII DovoIopmonl Irogrammo
(ISDI) of al Ioasl lvo vooIs duralion, or lavo undorgono vocalionaII lraining from il
is. Ono of llo main objoclivo of landloIding is lo guido and faciIilalo llo polonliaI
onlropronours in doaIing vill various procoduraI and IogaI lurdIos and compIolion of
various formaIilios vlicl aro roquirod for solling up and running of onlorpriso succossfuIIy
and lo savo llom from larassmonl al llo lands of various roguIalory agoncios for vanl
INDIA 2011
245
of roquirod compIiancos. Il viII nol onIy incroaso llo proporlion of polonliaI onlropronours
lrainod undor various IDIs/SDIs/ISDIs/VocalionaI Training (VT) in solling up lloir
onlorprisos moro imporlanlIy, il viII aIso onlanco survivaI/succoss ralo of novIy sol up
onlorprisos.
Tlo Trado MarI (Amondmonl) BiII, 2009 is undor considoralion in IarIiamonl. Tlo
proposod amondmonl lo llo Trado MarIs Acl viII onabIo India lo accodo lo llo
Madrid IrolocoI.
Tlo Madrid IrolocoI is a simpIo, faciIilalivo and cosl offoclivo syslom for rogislralion
of inlornalionaI lrado marIs.
Indias momborslip of llo prolocoI viII onabIo Indian companios lo rogislor lloir
lrado marIs in Mombor Counlrios of llo IrolocoI llrougl fiIing a singIo appIicalion
in ono Ianguago and by paying onolimo foo in ono curroncy.
Tloro aro muIlipIo sourcos of assossing induslriaI porformanco. Mosl common of
lloso, lovovor, is llo Indox of InduslriaI Iroduclion (III) vlicl is compiIod on a
monllIy basis.
Tlo curronl sorios of III is vill 199394 as ils baso, covors llo broad soclors of
induslry, viz., mining, manufacluring and oIoclricily vill manufacluring soclor furllor
dividod inlo 17 major induslry groups. III, lloroforo, is boll comprolonsivo and
limoIy.
As por llo QuicI RosuIls of 4ll AII India Consus 200607 lloro voro 261.01 IaIl
onlorprisos (Rogislorod and Unrogislorod) in llo counlry, oul of vlicl 15.33 IaIl
voro rogislorod vorIing onlorprisos and 245.48 IaIl unrogislorod onlorprisos. As por
llo samo Roporl llo ompIoymonl lo 594.61 IaIl porsons vas providod during llo
said poriod.
Il is oslimalod llal during 200809 llo numbor of unils las incroasod lo 285.16 IaIl
from 272.79 IaIl in llo provious yoar rogisloring a grovll ralo of 4.53 por conl. Tlo
ompIoymonl is oslimalod lo lavo incroasod lo 659.35 IaIl during 200809 from 626.34
IaIl porsons during 200708.
Tlo Govornmonl Iaunclod llo Crodil Guaranloo Iund Sclomo for Micro and smaII
onlorprisos in Augusl, 2000 vill llo objoclivo of maIing avaiIabIo crodil lo Micro
and SmaII onlorprisos for Ioans up lo ` 100 IaIl villoul coIIaloraI/llird parly
guaranloos.
Tlo Sclomo is boing impIomonlod by llo NSIC.
Tlo Sclomo is aimod lo oncourago Micro and SmaII onlorprisos (MSIs) lo undorlaIo
crodil and porformanco raling. Tlo raling undor llo Sclomo sorvos as a lruslod llird
parly opinion on llo capabiIilios andcrodilvorllinoss of llo micro andsmaII onlorprisos.
--- Tlo Sclomo is boing impIomonlod by llo NSIC. Tlo main
objoclivo of MarIolingAssislanco Sclomo aro lo onlanco llo marIoling compolilivonoss
of llo MSMIs, lo provido llom a pIalform for inloraclion vill llo individuaI/
inslilulionaI buyors, lo updalo llom vill provaIonl marIol sconario and lo provido
llom a forum for rodrossing lloir probIoms.
INDIA 2011
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Tlo firsl consoIidalod roporl on llo vorIing of ConlraI IubIic Soclor Inlorprisos
(CISIs) vas Iaid in llo IarIiamonl in 1961. Tlo Ialosl IubIic Inlorprisos Survoy (2008
09) is llo 49ll in llo sorios llal vas Iaid in llo IarIiamonl on 25ll Iobruary, 2010.
Tlo invoslmonl of ` 81 croro in 21 CISIs during 1956 las gono up lo ` 5,28,951 croro
(in 246 CISIs) as on 31.3.2009. Invoslmonl in lloso CISIs incroasod by ` 73584 croro
in 200809 ovor 200708 rogisloring a grovll of 16.16 por conl AII llo CISIs, moroovor,
providod dirocl ompIoymonl lo aboul 15.35 miIIion poopIo as on 31sl Marcl, 2009.
Tlo Govornmonl inlroducod llo Malaralna sclomo in Docombor, 2009 vill llo
objoclivo lo doIogalo onlancod povors lo llo Boards of idonlifiod Iargo sizos Navralna
CISIs lo faciIilalo furllor oxpansion of lloir oporalions, boll in domoslic as voII
as gIobaI marIol.
Tlo Malaralna CISIs according can invosl ` 5000 croro in ono projocl (` 1,000 croro
for Navralna CISIs and croalo boIov board IovoI posl uplo I-9 IovoI (I-6 for
Navralna CISIs).
Tlo Govornmonl las curronlIy conforrod Malaralna slalus lo 4 CISIs namoIy,
(i) Indian OiI Corporalion Iimilod, (ii) NTIC Iimilod, (iii) OiI and NaluraI Gas
Corporalion Iimilod and (iv) SlooI Aullorily of India Iimilod, in May, 2010.
Tlo Govornmonl lad inlroducod llo Navralna Sclomo in 1997 in ordor lo idonlify
CISIs llal onjoy comparalivo advanlagos in lloir rospoclivo soclors and lo supporl
llom in lloir drivo lo bocomo gIobaI gianls.
IrosonlIy lloro aro 15 Navralna CISIs viz. (i) Blaral IIoclronics Iimilod, (ii) Blaral
Hoavy IIoclricaIs Iimilod, (iii) Blaral IolroIoum Corporalion Iimilod, (iv) CoaI India
Iimilod (v) GAII(India) Iimilod, (vi) Hinduslan Aoronaulics Iimilod, (vii) Hinduslan
IolroIoum Corporalion Iimilod, (viii) Malanagar ToIoplono Nigam Iimilod,
(ix) NalionaI AIuminium Company Iimilod, (x) NMDC Iimilod, (xi) OiI India Iimilod,
(xii) Iovor Iinanco Corporalion Iimilod, (xiii) Iovor Grid corporalion of India
Iimilod, (xiv) RuraI IIoclrificalion Corporalion of India Iimilod and (xv) Slipping
Corporalion of India Iimilod.
Tlo Govornmonl lad inlroducod llo Miniralna sclomo in 1997 in pursuanco of llo
poIicy objoclivo lo maIo llo pubIic soclor moro officionl and compolilivo and lo granl
onlancod aulonomy and doIogalion of povors lo llo profil maIing pubIic soclor
onlorprisos. IrosonlIy, lloro aro 61 Miniralna CISIs (47 calogory-I and 14 calogory-
II).
AulomobiIo Induslry vas doIiconsod in }uIy 1991 vill llo announcomonl of llo Nov
InduslriaI IoIicy.
Tlo passongor car vas lovovor doIiconsod in 1993.
No induslriaI Iiconsos is roquirod for solling up any unil for manufacluro of aulomobiIos
oxcopl in somo spociaI casos. Al prosonl, 100 por conl Ioroign Dirocl Invoslmonl (IDI)
is pormissibIo undor aulomalic roulo in llis soclor incIuding passongor car sogmonl.
Tlo conlribulion of llo aulomolivo induslry of GDI las rison from 2.77 por conl
in 199293 lo 4.14 por conl in 200809.
INDIA 2011
247
India vas llo 3rd Iargosl crudo slooI producing counlry in llo vorId in 2009. Tlo
crudo slooI produclion in llo counlry during 200910 (IrovisionaI) vas 64.88 miIIion
lonnos (ml) as comparod lo llo 58.44 miIIion lonnos ml in 200809, a grovll of 11
por conl.
Tlo Indian IlarmacoulicaIs induslry las grovn from a moro ` 1,500 croro lurnovor
in.I980 lo approximaloIy ` 1,00,611 croro in 200910 (uplo Soplombor 2009). Tlo
counlry nov ranIs 3rd in lorms of voIumo of produclion (10 por conl of gIobaI slaro)
and 14ll Iargosl by vaIuo.
As a soquoI lo llo rocommondalions of llo Hoda Commilloo vlicl vas conslilulod
by llo IIanning Commission lo roviov llo NalionaI MinoraI IoIicy, a Nov NalionaI
MinoraI IoIicy, 2008 vas approvod by llo Govornmonl.
CSAT PAPER-1
General Studies
Question Bank
UPSCPORTALS
INDIA 2011
248
Tlo main sourcos of Iav in India aro llo Conslilulion, slalulos (IogisIalion), cuslomary
Iav and caso Iav. Slalulos aro onaclod by IarIiamonl, Slalo IogisIaluros and Union
Torrilory IogisIaluros.
WliIo parIiamonl can onIy maIo Iavs in union Iisl, slalo IogisIaluro can maIo Iavs
in slalo Iisl and boll can maIo Iavs in concurronl Iisl bul llo conlraI Iav provaiIs
ovor slalo Iavs, in caso of confIicl.
India las unifiod judiciary syslom and Supromo Courl is al llo apox. Il is llo finaI
inlorprolor of llo conslilulion. Tlo Supromo Courl of India consisls of 31 }udgos
(incIuding llo Cliof }uslico of India). Tlo judgos loId offico unliI lloy allain llo ago
of 65 yoars. Tlo Supromo Courl of India las - in any dispulo arising:
(a) bolvoon llo Govornmonl of India and ono or moro Slalos or
(b) bolvoon llo Govornmonl of India and any Slalo or Slalos on llo ono sido and
ono or moro slalos on llo ollor or
(c) bolvoon lvo or moro Slalos.
Tloro aro - in llo counlry, llroo laving jurisdiclion ovor moro
llan ono Slalo. Among llo - -
- . Iacl Higl Courl, comprisos a Cliof }uslico and sucl ollor }udgos
as llo Irosidonl may, from limo lo limo appoinl. Tlo Cliof }uslico of a Higl
Courl is appoinlod by llo Irosidonl in consuIlalion vill llo Cliof }uslico of
India and llo Govornor of llo slalo. Tloy loId offico up lo 62 yoars of ago.
To bo oIigibIo for appoinlmonl as a judgo, ono musl bo a cilizon of India and
slouId lavo loId a judiciaI offico in India for 10 yoars or musl lavo praclicod
as an advocalo of a Higl Courl or lvo or moro sucl courls in succossion for
a simiIar poriod.
JusticeandLaw
20
INDIA 2011
249
JURISDICTION AND SEAT OF HIGH COURTS
-
AIIalabad 1866 Ullar Iradosl AIIalabad (Boncl al IucInov)
Andlra Iradosl 1954 Andlra Iradosl Hydorabad
Bombay 1862 Malarasllra, Goa, Mumbai (Bonclos
Dadra and Nagar Nagpur, Ianaji
HavoIi and Daman and Aurangabad)
KoIIala 1862 Wosl BongaI KoIIala (Circuil al Iorl BIair)
Cllallisgarl 2000 BiIaspur BiIaspur
DoIli 1966 DoIli DoIli
Guvalali 1948 Assam, Manipur, Guvalali (Bonclos al
MoglaIaya, NagaIand, Kolima, AizavI,
Tripura, Mizoram and ImplaI, SliIIong, AgarlaIa and
ArunaclaI Iradosl Ilanagar)
Gujaral 1960 Gujaral Almodabad
HimaclaI Iradosl 1971 HimaclaI Iradosl SlimIa
}ammu and Kaslmir 1928 }ammu and Kaslmir Srinagar and }ammu Kaslmir
}larIland 2000 }larIland Rancli
KarnalaIa# 1884 KarnalaIa BangaIuru
KoraIa 1958 KoraIa and IaIsladvoop IrnaIuIam
Madlya Iradosl 1956 Madlya Iradosl }abaIpur(Bonclos al GvaIior
and Indoro)
Madras 1862 TamiI Nadu and Iuduclorry Clonnai (Boncl Madurai)
Odisla 1948 Odisla CullacI
Ialna 1916 Bilar Ialna
Iunjab and 1966 Iunjab, Haryana and Clandigarl
Haryana Clandigarl
Rajasllan 1949 Rajasllan }odlpur (Boncl al }aipur)
SiIIim 1975 SiIIim GangloI
UllaranclaI 2000 UllaranclaI NainilaI
OriginaIIy Inovn as Assam Higl Courl, ronamod as Guvalali Higl Courl in 1971.
# OriginaIIy Inovn as Mysoro Higl Courl, ronamod as KarnalaIa Higl Courl in 1973.
OriginaIIy Inovn as Iunjab Higl Courl, ronamod as Iunjab and Haryana Higl Courl in 1966.
Tlo slrucluro and funclions of subordinalo courls aro moro or Ioss uniform llrougloul
llo counlry. Tlo dislricl judgo is appoinlod by govornor. Tlo NalionaI }udiciaI
Acadomy las boon sol up by llo Govornmonl of India lo provido in-sorvico lraining
lo }udiciaI Officors. Tlo Acadomy is Iocalod in BlopaI vill ils rogislorod offico
in Nov DoIli. Ianclayal courls aIso funclion in somo slalos undor varius namos IiIo
INDIA 2011
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Nyaya Ianclayal, Ianclayal AdaIal, Gram Kaclolri olc., lo docido civiI and criminaI
dispulos of polly and IocaI naulro.
ArlicIo 39A of llo Conslilulion of India providos for lo llo poor and
voaIor soclions of llo socioly and onsuros juslico for aII. ArlicIo 14 and 22(1) of llo
conslilulion aIso maIo il obIigalory for llo Slalo lo onsuro oquaIily boforo Iav and
IogaI syslom vlicl promolos juslico on llo basis of oquaI opporlunily lo aII.
Tlo NalionaI IogaI Sorvicos Aullorily (NAISA) las boon conslilulod undor llo IogaI
Sorvicos Aullorilios Acl, 1987 lo monilor and ovaIualo impIomonlalion of IogaI
sorvicos avaiIabIo undor llo Acl. HonbIo Mr. }uslico K.G. BaIaIrislnan, llo Cliof
}uslic of India is Ixoculivo Clairman of llo Aullorily.
In ovory Slalo, a Slalo IogaI Sorvicos Aullorily and in ovory Higl Courl, a Higl
Courl IogaI Sorvicos Commilloo lavo boon conslilulod.
is a forum vloro llo dispulos/casos ponding in llo courl of Iav or al
pro-Iiligalion slago aro sollIod/compromisod amicabIy. Tlo IoI AdaIal las boon
givon slalulory slalus undor llo IogaI Sorvicos Aullorilios Acl, 1987. Undor llis acl,
an avard mado by a IoI AdaIal is doomod lo bo a docroo of a civiI courl and is
finaI and binding on aII parlios and no appoaI Iios againsl llorolo boforo any courl.
is appoinlod by llo Irosidonl and loIds offico during
llo pIoasuro of llo Irosidonl. Ho musl bo a porson quaIifiod lo bo appoinlod as a
}udgo of llo Supromo Courl. Il is llo duly of llo Allornoy-GonoraI in India lo givo
advico lo llo Govornmonl of India upon sucl IogaI mallors.
Will llo sloop grovll in llo numbor of Iavs and llo numbor of casos, llo Courl
syslom is undor groal prossuro. In ordor lo roduco llo loavy domand on Courl limo,
offorls nood lo bo mado lo rosoIvo llo dispulos by rosorling lo AIlornalivo Dispulo
RosoIulion Mollods boforo lloy onlor llo porlaIs of llo courl. Tlo Arbilralion,
Modialion and ConciIialion aro looIs of AIlornalivo Dispulo RodrossaI Syslom.
is a slalulory body conslilulod undor llo Advocalos Acl,
1961. Tlo Bar CounciI of India undor llo aogis of llo Bar CounciI of India Trusl lad
organizod NalionaI Mool Courl Compolilion al BlopaI on 1 lo 3 Docombor, 2006.
-- is a non-slalulory body conslilulod by llo Govornmonl
from limo lo limo. Tlo Commission vas originaIIy conslilulod in 1955 and is
roconslilulod ovory llroo yoars. Tlo Ninoloonll Iav Commission, llo prosonl
ono, vas conslilulod vill offocl from 1sl Soplombor, 2009 for a lorm of llroo yoars
up lo 31sl Augusl, 2012. HonbIo }uslico Slri I. V. Roddi is llo Clairman and
Dr. Bralm A. AgravaI is llo Mombor-Socrolary.
Soclion 252 of llo providos llal llo ConlraI Govornmonl slaII
conslilulo an AppoIIalo TribunaI consisling of as many}udiciaI Mombors andAccounlanl
Mombors as il llinIs fil, lo oxorciso llo povors and disclargo llo funclions conforrod
on llo AppoIIalo TribunaI by llo said Acl. Tlo Incomo-lax AppoIIalo TribunaI vas
oslabIislod on 25ll }anuary, 1941, in pursuanco of a simiIar provision conlainod in
llo Indian Incomo Tax Acl, 1922.
INDIA 2011
251
Undor soclion 19 of IIMA, llo ConlraI Govornmonl or any porson aggriovod by an
ordor mado by SpociaI Diroclor (AppoaIs), or mado by an Adjudicaling Aullorily
ollor llan roforrod lo in sub-Soclion (i) of Soclion 17, may profor an appoaI lo llo
AppoIIalo TribunaI llal may bo fiIod villin 45 days from llo dalo of rocoiving llo
ordor by llo aggriovod porson or llo ConlraI Govornmonl.
Tlo InlornalionaI Conlro for AIlornalivo Dispulo RosoIulion (ICADR) vas rogislorod
undor llo Sociolios Acl, 1860 on 31sl May, 1995. Il is an aulonomous organizalion
vorIing undor llo aogis of llo Minislry of Iav and }uslico, Govornmonl of India
vill ils loadquarlors al Nov DoIli and RogionaI Conlros al Hydorabad and
BangaIoro.
Tlo ConlraI Govornmonl mainlains ConlraI IoIico forcos, InloIIigonco Buroau (IB),
ConlraI Buroau of Invosligalion (CBI), Inslilulions for lraining of poIico officors and
foronsic scionco inslilulions lo assisl llo slalos in galloring inloIIigonco, in mainlaining
Iav and ordor, in invosligaling spociaI crimo casos and in providing lraining lo llo
sonior poIico officors of llo Slalo govornmonls.
vas raisod vill 4 sorvico BallaIions on 21
Oclobor 1962 aflor llo Clinoso aggrossion as an inlogralod inloIIigonco/signaI/
pionoor/onginooring/modicaI and guorriIIa unil and vas iniliaIIy pIacod undor llo
InloIIigonco Buroau for oporalionaI conlroI.
raisod in 1965, is onlruslod vill llo lasI of mainlaining
pormanonl vigiIanco on Indias inlornalionaI bordors.
-- - raisod as Calclar Iovy in 1835 is llo oIdosl IoIico Iorco in llo
counlry. Tlo forco las a duaI roIo of mainlaining inlornaI socurily in llo Norll-
Iaslorn rogion and guarding llo Indo-Myanmar Bordor.
- modoIIod on llo pallorn of SAS of llo UK
and GSG-9 of Gormany las boon sol up in 1984 for landIing counlor lorrorisls and
counlor lijacIing oporalions incIuding VII socurily. Tlo NSG mainlains llo onIy
NalionaI Bomb Dala Conlro of llo counlry.
- is an Armod Iorco of llo Union of India
for inlornaI socurily managomonl. Tlis Iorco vas raisod in 1939 al Nimucl (MI) as
llo Crovn Roprosonlalivos IoIico and vas ronamod as llo ConlraI Rosorvo IoIico
Iorco in 1949.
is an inlograI parl of llo ConlraI Rosorvo IoIico Iorco.
Il vas concoivod in 1992 as a spociaIIy lrainod and oquippod lo bo an offoclivo slriIo
forco mainIy lo lacIIo communaI riols and riol-IiIo silualions.
- vas oslabIislod in 1969 lo provido
socurily lo induslriaI undorlaIings of llo govornmonl.
is llo promior poIico
lraining inslilulions in llo counlry vlicl imparls basic as voII as in-sorvico lraining
lo Indian IoIico Sorvico (IIS) officors. IslabIislod in 1948 al Mounl Abu, Rajasllan,
llo Acadomy vas sliflod lo Hydorabad in 1975.
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vas sol up in llo oarIy 1963 undor Cabinol Socrolarial
in llo vaIo of India Clina confIicl of 1962 lo buiId poopIos moraIo and incuIcalo
spiril of rosislanco in llo bordor popuIalion againsl llroals of subvorsion, infiIlralion
and sabolago from across llo bordor.
Namo of SSB las boon clangod as Saslaslra Sooma BaI from 15ll Docombor, 2003.
incIudos any moasuros nol amounling lo acluaI combal, for affording
proloclion lo any porson, proporly, pIaco or lling in India or any parl of llo lorrilory
lloroof againsl any losliIo allacI vlollor from air, Iand, soa or ollor pIacos or for
oporaling/miligaling llo offocl of any sucl allacI, vlollor sucl moasuros aro laIon
boforo, during or aflor llo limo of sucl allacI.
- is a voIunlary forco, firsl raisod in India in Docombor 1946, lo assisl
llo poIico in conlroIIing civiI dislurbanco and communaI riols subsoquonlIy, llo
concopl of llo voIunlary cilizons forco vas adoplod by sovoraI Slalos. In llo vaIo
of Clinoso aggrossion in 1962, llo Conlro advisod llo Slalos and Union Torrilorios
lo morgo lloir oxisling voIunlary organisalions inlo ono uniform voIunlary forco
Inovn as Homo Guards.
Iiro is a Slalo subjocl and firo sorvicos aro adminislorod by llo Slalos/Union Torrilorios.
- - rondors loclnicaI advico lo Slalos/Union Torrilorios
and ConlraI Minislrios on firo proloclion, firo provonlion and firo IogisIalion.
A promior inslilulion for CriminoIogy, llo -
- vas sol up in 1972. Il las boon namod as IoI NayaI }ayapraIasl
Narayan NalionaI Inslilulo of CriminoIogy and Ioronsic Scionco on 3rd Oclobor,
2003 and conlinuos lo funclion as llo counlrys nodaI inslilulion for lraining of
funclionarios of CriminaI }uslico Syslom in llo lvin fioIds of CriminoIogy and
Ioronsic Scionco, as voII as for rosoarcl roIalod lo lloso fioIds.
- from 1sl Oclobor, 1978, providos llal
marriago ago for maIos viII bo 21 yoars and for fomaIos 18 yoars.
AIllougl lloro is no gonoraI Iav of adoplion, il is pormillod by llo Hindu Adoplion
and MainlonancoAcl, 1956 amongsl Hindus and by cuslomamongsl a fovnumoricaIIy
insignificanl calogorios of porsons. MusIims, Clrislians and Iarsis lavo no adoplion
Iavs and lavo lo approacl llo courl undor llo Guardians and Wards Acl, 1980.
-- vas onaclod in 1925. Tlo objocl of llo Acl vas lo
consoIidalo llo Iargo numbor of Iavs vlicl voro in oxislonco al llal limo. Iavs
govorning succossion lo MusIims and Hindus voro oxcIudod from llo purviov of
llo Acl.
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LABOUR REFORMS
Iabour Roforms aro nocossary for llo grovll of ompIoyoo and, ompIoyor rosuIling in llo
grovll of nalion finaIIy. Iabour Roforms aIso incIudos Iabour Iav roforms. Clangos in
llo Iabour Iavs aro aIso dono prolocling llo inlorosls of vorIors. Il camo onlo oxislonco
on 23rd Novombor, 1997 vill a mandalo lo organizo and conducl pubIic broadcasling
sorvicos lo in form, oducalo and onlorlain poopIo and lo onsuro baIancod dovoIopmonl
of broadcasling on radio and loIovision.
IssonliaIIy il moans sIiII dovoIopmonl, rolraining, dopIoymonl, updaling InovIodgo
baso of vorIors-loaclors, promolion of Ioadorslip quaIilios olc.
THE MINIMUM WAGES ACT, 1948
Tlo Minimum Wagos Acl, 1948 providos for fixalion, roviov, rovision and onforcomonl of
minimum vago, boll by llo ConlraI Govornmonl and llo Slalo Govornmonl, in rospocl of
scloduIod ompIoymonls in lloir rospoclivo jurisdiclions. Tloro aro 45 scloduIod ompIoy-
monls in llo ConlraI sploro vloroas llo numbor of lloso ompIoymonls in llo Slalo sploro
is 1596. Tlo Minimum Wagos Acl, 1948 doos nol aIIov discriminalion bolvoon maIo and
fomaIo vorIors or difforonl minimum vagos for llom. Basod on llo rocommondalions of
llo Minimum Wagos Advisory Board (MWAB) in ils mooling loId on 22.01.2008 and
26.06.2008, llo Minislry of Iabour & ImpIoymonl las issuod llo IinaI Nolificalion in llo
Gazollo of India (Ixlra Ordinary) fixing llo minimum ralos of vagos for vorIors ompIoyod
in llo scloduIod ompIoymonls ImpIoymonl of Svooping and CIoaning in llo ConlraI
sploro al ` 120/- ` 150/- and ` 180/- por day and for ImpIoymonl of Walcl and Ward
(a) villoul arms al ` 120/-, ` 150/- and ` 180/- por day and (b) vill arms al ` 140/,
` 170/- and ` 200/- por day for Aroa C, B and A rospoclivoIy and llo IinaI Nolificalions
in rospocl of rovision of minimum ralos of vagos for vorIors ongagod in llo scloduIod
ompIoymonls of Conslruclion and Ioading and UnIoading in llo ConlraI sploro al
Labour
21
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254
` 120/- ` 150/- and `180/- por day for unsIiIIod vorIors lo ` 200/- ` 220/- and ` 240/
- por day for liglIy sIiIIod vorIors in Aroa 'C', 'B' and 'A' rospoclivoIy and for vorIors
ongagod in Non-CoaI Minos in llo ConlraI sploro al `120/- por day for unsIiIIod WorIors
(Abovo Ground) lo ` 240/- por day for liglIy sIiIIod vorIors (BoIov Ground).
THE PAYMENT OF WAGES ACT, 1936
Tlo Iaymonl of Wagos Acl, 1936 vas onaclod lo roguIalo paymonl of vagos lo vorIors
ompIoyod in induslrios. Tlo vago coiIing undor Iaymonl of Wagos Acl, 1936, vas fixod
al ` 1600/- pm in 1982. Will a viov lo onlanco llo vago coiIing lo ` 6500/- p.m. for
appIicabiIily of llo Acl, lo ompovor llo ConlraI Govornmonl lo furllor incroaso llo
coiIing in fuluro by vay of nolificalion llo Iaymonl of Wagos (Amondmonl) Acl, 2005,
vas nolifiod on 06.09.2005 as an Acl of 2005 by llo Minislry of Iav & }uslico.
SubsoquonlIy, llo Minislry of Iabour & ImpIoymonl las issuod llo Nolificalion S.O.
1577(I) lo maIo llo Iaymonl of Wagos (Amondmonl) Acl, 2005 offoclivo from llo 9ll
Novombor, 2005.
THE PAYMENT OF BONUS ACT, 1965
Tlo Iaymonl of Bonus Acl, 1965 is for paymonl of bonus lo ompIoyoos of faclorios
and ollor oslabIislmonls ompIoying 20 or moro porsons vill llo minimum bonus of
8.33 is payabIo by ovory induslry and oslabIislmonl and maximum bonus slaII nol
oxcood 20 of llo saIary/vago. On 13ll Doc., 07, llo Iaymonl of Bonus (Amondmonl)
Acl, 2007 vas nolifiod and llo oIigibiIily Iimil incroasod from ` 3,500/- lo ` 10,000/
- por monll and caIcuIalion coiIing from ` 2500/- lo ` 3500/- por monll. Soclion 32
(vi) of llo Iaymonl of Bonus Acl 1965 las aIso boon omillod so as lo maIo llo
ompIoyoos ompIoyod llrougl conlraclors on buiIding oporalions lo bo oIigibIo lo
rocoivo bonus.
WAGE BOARDS
In llo 1950s and 60s, lloro voro noillor adoqualo lrado unions nor llo adoqualo
bargaining povor govornmonl formod vago boards of lriparlilo naluro laving mombors
from vorIors ompIoyors and indopondonl porson lo fix vago ralos. TiII nov 6 vago
boards aro formod. 6ll Wago Board (formod in Sopl., 06) las submillod ils rocommon-
dalions in 2008.
WAGE BOARDS FOR WORKING JOURNALISTS AND OTHER NEWSPAPER
EMPLOYEES
Tlo WorIing }ournaIisls and ollor Novspapor ImpIoyoos (Condilions of Sorvico) and
MiscoIIanoous Irovisions Acl, 1955 roguIalos condilions of sorvico of vorIing journaIisls
and ollor porsons ompIoyod in novspapor oslabIislmonls. Tlo Wago Boards for sucl
ompIoyoos voro sol up in llo yoars 1956, 1963, 1975, 1985 and 1994. Tlo Iasl Wago Board
INDIA 2011
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Manisana Wago Boards vas conslilulod in llo yoar 1994 and submillod ils roporl lo
llo Govornmonl on 25ll }uIy, 2000. Tlo Govornmonl las conslilulod lvo nov Wago Boards
on 24ll May 2007 undor clairmanslip of Dr. }uslico K. Narayan Kudup, ono for WorIing
}ournaIisils and ollor for Non-}ournaIisls Novspapor ImpIoyoos undor llo WorIing
}ournaIisls and Ollor Novspapor ImpIoyoos (Condilions of Sorvico) and MiscoIIanoous
Irovisions Acl, 1955. Tlo Wago Boards lavo boon givon llroo yoars lo submil lloir roporl
lo llo Union Govornmonl. Tlo Hoadquarlor of llo Boards is al Nov DoIli. Tlo Wago
Boards lavo rocommondod inlorim ralos of vagos al llo ralo of 30 of basic vago, vlicl
las boon accoplod by llo Govornmonl and vas nolifiod in Oclobor, 2008. Consoquonl upon
llo rosignalion of Dr. }uslico K. Narayana Kurup, }uslico G.R. Majillia las laIon ovor as
llo common Clairman of llo lvo Wago Boards v.o.f. 4ll ApriI, 2009.
-
1. WorImon Componsalion Acl 1923
2. Trado Union Acl 1926
3. Iaymonl of Wagos Acl 1936
4. InduslriaI Dispulos Acl 1947
5. Iaclorios Acl 1948
6. Minimum Wagos Acl 1948
7. ImpIoyoss Slalo Insuranco Acl 1948
8. Tlo ImpIoyoos Irovisions Iunds &
MiscoIIanoous Irovisions Acl 1952
9. ConlraI Board for WorIors Iduclion (Nagpur) 1958
10. ImpIoymonl Ixclangos (CompuIsory) 1959
Nolificalion of Vacancios) Acl
11. Malornily Bonofil Acl 1961
12. Appronlicoslip Acl 1961
13. Iaymonl of Bonus Acl 1965
14. NalionaI Safoly CounciI 1966
15. ConlraI Slaff Training & Rosoarcl Inslilulo KoIIala 1968
16. Conlracl Iabour (RoguIalion & AboIilion) 1970
17. Tlo Iaymonl of Graluily Acl 1972
18. Bondod Iabour Syslom (AboIilion) Acl 1976
19. IquaI Romunoralion Acl 1976
20. CliId Iabour (Irolibilion and RoguIalion) Acl 1986
21. INDUS Irojocl 2000
22. NalionaI Commission on RuraI Iabour 1991
23. ImpIoyoos Doposil IinIod Insuranco Sclomo 1976
24. ImpIoyoos Ionsion Sclomo 1995
25. Unorganisod WorIors SociaI Socurily Acl 2008
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CHILD LABOUR POLICY
As por CliId Iabour (Irolibililion & RoguIalion) Acl, ompIoymonl of cliIdron boIov
llo ago of 14 yoars is prolibilod in nolifiod lazardous occupalions and procossos. Tlo
Acl aIso roguIalos ompIoymonl of cliIdron in non-lazardous occupalions and procossos.
On llo rocommondalion of llo ToclnicaI Advisory Commilloo on CliId Iabour, llo
Govornmonl las prolibilod ompIoymonl in ono occupalion, viz., diving, and 8 procossos,
viz. procossos invoIving oxposuro lo oxcossivso loal ( vorIing noar furnaco) and coId,
moclanisod fisling, food procossing, bovorago induslry, limbor landIing and Ioading,
moclanicaI Iumboring, varolousing, procossos invoIving oxposuro lo froo siIica sucl as
sIalo, ponciI induslry, slono grinding, sIalo slono mining, slono quarrios, and agalo
induslry vido nolificalion No. SO2280 (I) dalod 25.09.2008. Tloro aro al prosonl 16
lazardous occupalions and 65 procossos, vloro ompIoymonl of cliIdron is prolibilod.
Somo of llo imporlanl prolibilod occupalions and procossos ar carpol voaving, buiIding
and conslruclion vorI, bricI IiIns, produclion of losiory goods, vorI as domoslic
sorvanls, and in loa-slops, road sido oalorios, moclanizod fisling, food procossing,
limbor landIing and Ioading, moclnicaI Iumboring, varolousing olc. Tlo NSSO las
agrood lo laIo up a frosl comprolonsivo nalion vido survoy of cliId Iabour in ils 66ll
Round during 20092010, so as lo lavo a cIoar picluro for formuIalion of slralogios lo
lacIIo llis sociaI monaco.
- Tlo Govornmonl lad inilialod llo NalionaI CliId Iabour Irojocl (NCII)
Sclomo in 1988 lo rolabiIilalo vorIing cliIdron in 13 cliId Iabour ondomic dislricls
of llo counlry. IducalionaI rolabiIilalion of lloso cliIdron las lo bo suppIomonlod vill
oconomic rolabiIilalion of lloir famiIios so llal lloy aro nol compoIIod by lloir
oconomic circumslancos lo sond lloir cliIdron lo vorI Undor llo NCII Sclomo,
cliIdron aro villdravn from vorI and pul inlo spociaI sclooIs, vloro lloy aro
providod vill bridging oducalion, vocalionaI lraining, mid-day moaI, slipond, loaIll-
caro faciIilios olc.
- Tlo InlornalionaI Irogrammo on oIiminalion of CliId Iabour,
Iaunclod in Doc., 1991, is a gIobaI programmo of llo InlornalionaI Iabour vill llo Iong
lorm objoclivo lo offoclivo aboIilion of cliId Iabour. India vas llo firsl counlry lo join il
in 1992. Ils immodialo objoclivo aro:
1. Inlacomonl of llo capabiIily of IIO consliluonls and NGOs lo dosign, impIomonl
and ovaIualo programmos for cliId Iabour.
2. To idonlify inlorvonlions al communily and nalionaI IovoIs vlicl couId sorvo as
modoIs for ropIicalion, and
3. Croalion of avaronoss and sociaI mobiIizalion for socuring oIiminalion of cliId
Iabour.
- Tlo Govornmonl of India and llo US Doparlmonl of Iabour lavo
inilialod a joinl US$ 40 miIIion projocl vill llo objoclivo lo oIiminalo cliId Iabour in
idonlifiod lazardous soclors across 21 dislricls of Malarasllra, Madlya Iradosl, TamiI
Nadu, Ullar Iradosl and NCT of DoIli. Tlo projocl ondod ils lorm on 31sl Marcl,
2009.
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- InlornalionaI Iabour Organisalion las impIomonlod plaso-I
of llo Slalo basod projocl in Andlra Iradosl. WliIo Tlo Ilaso-II of llo AI Irojocl is
curronlIy undor impIomonlalion. Wlicl vouId focus on lvo mosl cliId Iabour ondomic
dislricls Molboobnagar and KurnooI as voII on llo spociaI probIoms of urban aroas and
allompl lo ovoIvo a slralogy for Hydorabad cily.
Tlis Slalo basod projocl is impIomonlod in 2 dislricls of llo Slalo,
Clamarajanagar & Bidar vill llo duralion of 3 yoars and is fundod by Govornmonl
of IlaIy vill llo budgol of US$ 3.29 miIIion. Inlorvonlions undor llo Irojocl aro boing
mado on piIol basis for fuluro ropIicalion in ollor aroas.
- Undor }oinl Maslor IIan of Op-
oralions on CliId Iroloclion bolvoon llo Govornmonl of India and llo UNICII, las
pIannod main aclivilios vlicl incIudo dovoIopmonl of NalionaI TracIing Syslom lo
monilor cliIdron in NalionaI CliId Iabour Irogrammos (NCIIs) and dovoIopmonl of
NalionaI Communicalion Slralogy on cliId Iabour. Will llo objoclivo lo compIoloIy
aboIisl cliId Iabour. A prololypo of NalionaI TracIing Syslom las aIroady boon dovoI-
opod and fioId lriaIs aro boing conduclod in llo slalos of KarnalaIa, Andlra Iradosl,
Ullar Iradosl and Wosl BongaI. Tlo UNICII viII fund lloso aclivilios and llo prosonl
budgol is US$ 120,000.
WOMEN LABOUR
Tlo Consus of India (2001) las rogislorod 25.60 por conl of fomaIo popuIalion as vorIors.
Tlo majorily of vomon vorIors aro ompIoyod in llo ruraI aroas. Amongsl ruraI vomon
vorIors, 87 por conl aro ompIoyod in agricuIluro as Iabourors and cuIlivalors. Amongsl
llo vomon vorIors in llo urban aroas, 80 por conl aro ompIoyod in unorganizod soclors
IiIo lousoloId induslrios, polly lradors and sorvicos buiIding and conslruclion, olc. A
soparalo coII, namoIy, Womon Iabour CoII is funclioning in llo Minislry of Iabour and
ImpIoymonl vill llo objoclivo lo improvo vago and bollor ompIoymonl opporlunily. Tlo
Malornily Bonofil Acl, 1961, and llo IquaI Romunoralion Acl, 1976, aro llo lvo proloclivo
and anli-oxpIoilalivo IogisIalions, vlicl lavo boon onaclod lo prolocl and safoguard llo
inlorosl of vomon vorIors al llo vorIpIacos.
BONDED LABOUR
Tlo issuo of bondod Iabour bocamo nalionaI issuo vlon il vas incIudod in llo oId 20-
Ioinl Irogrammo in 1975. To aboIisl llis Bondod Iabour Syslom (AboIilion) Ordinanco
vas passod vlicl vas Ialor ropIacod by llo Bondod Iabour Syslom (AboIilion) Acl, 1976.
Il frood uniIaloraIIy aII llo bondod Iabourors from bondago vill simuIlanoous Iiquida-
lion of lloir dobls. Tlo Acl aIso providos for conslilulion of VigiIanco Commilloos al
llo dislricl and sub-divisionaI IovoI for impIomonlalion of llo provisions of llo Iav aIong
vill llo provision for imprisonmonl up lo llroo yoars and fino up lo ` 2,000 vloovor
compoIs any porson lo rondor any bondod Iabour and vloovor advancos any bondod
dobl.
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Unorganised Sector
As por llo survoy of llo NalionaI SampIo Survoy Organisalion in llo yoar 20042005, llo
lolaI ompIoymonl, in boll organisod and unorganisod soclors in llo counlry vas 45.9 croro
comprising approx. 2.6 croro and 43.3 croro rospoclivoIy. Tlo Govornmonl onaclod llo
Unorganisod WorIors SociaI Socurily Acl, 2008 vlicl providos for conslilulion of NalionaI
SociaI Socurily Board al llo ConlraI IovoI: rocommonds sociaI socurily sclomo and Slalo
IovoI: rocommonds voIfaro sclomo. Unorganisod WorIors SociaI Socurily RuIos, 2009 undor
llo Acl lavo boon framod and nolifiod. Tlo Acl las sinco boon onforcod vill offocl from
16ll May, 2009.
- (Ullar Iradosl) is an aulonomous body
ongagod in rosoarcl porlaining lo Iabour and lraining of Iabour adminislralors, lrado
unions, pubIic soclor managors and ollor govornmonl funclionarios concornod vill Iabour.
Sominars, vorIslops and Iocluros aro organizod on spocific issuos from limo lo limo.
Workers Education
Tlo ConlraI Board for WorIors Iducalion (CBWI) vas oslabIislod in 1958 by llo
Mi nislry of Iabour & ImpIoymonl, Govornmonl of Indi a lo impIomonl llo
vorIorsoducalion sclomo al nalionaI, rogionaI and unil/viIIago IovoIs for llo vorIors
from organizod, unorganizod and ruraI soclors. Suporvisory and managoriaI cadros aro
aIso covorod llougl joinl oducalionaI programmos. Tlo Boards lraining programmos
aim al croaling avaronoss and oducalion among llo vorIforco for lloir offoclivo par-
licipalion in llo socio-oconomic dovoIopmonl of llo counlry. Tlo Board las ils load-
quarlors al Nagpur, vill a nolvorI of 50 RogionaI and 9 Sub-RogionaI Dirocloralos
sproad llrougloul llo counlry. Tlo fivo ZonaI Dirocloralos al DoIli, Guvalali, KoIIala,
Clonnai and Mumbai monilor llo aclivilios of llo RogionaI Dirocloralos villin lloir
rospoclivo Zono. Tlo Board lad sol up ils Indian Inslilulo of WorIors Iducalion, an apox
lraining Inslilulo al Mumbai lo conducl nalionaI IovoI lraining programmos for llo
aclivisls of ConlraI Trado Union Organisalions/Iodoralions bosidos in-louso lraining
programmos for llo Boards officiaIs. Tlo Board las so far conduclod 3,91,630 lraining
programmos and las lrainod 1,12,14,218 vorIors al various IovoIs liII 31sl Marcl, 2007.
To gonoralo avaronoss among llo informaI soclor vorIors aboul various voIfaro sclomos
of llo ConlraI Govornmonl, llo Board dosignod a nov programmo caIIod Iabour WoIfaro
& DovoIopmonl programmo llrougl vlicl dolaiIod informalion of llo roIovanl sclomos
aro givon lo llo parlicipanls bosidos oxlonding llo nocossary loIp as and vlon roquirod
by llom.
Workers Safety
- - Tlo Iaclorios Acl, 1948 is llo principaI
IogisIalion for roguIaling various aspocls roIaling lo safoly, loaIll and voIfaro of vorIors
ompIoyod in faclorios. Tlis Acl is a ConlraI onaclmonl, vlicl aims al prolocling vorIors
ompIoyod in faclorios from induslriaI and occupalionaI lazards.
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- - Irovisions roIaling lo safoly, loaIll and voIfaro of vorIors
ompIoyod in docIs aro conlainod in llo DocI WorIors (Safoly, HoaIll and WoIfaro) Acl, 1986
and ruIos and roguIalions framod lloro undor. Tlo Acl camo inlo forco on 15ll ApriI, 1987.
Inforcomonl of llis Acl in aII llo major porls is llo rosponsibiIily of llo Minislry of Iabour
and ImpIoymonl and llis rosponsibiIily is disclargod llrougl llo DGIASII, Mumbai.
Safety In Mines
Irovisions for safoly, loaIll and voIfaro of vorIors ompIoyod in minos aro conlainod in
llo Minos Acl, 1952. Tloso provisions aro onforcod by llo Minislry of Iabour and
ImpIoymonl llrougl llo Dirocloralo GonoraI of Minos Safoly. Tlo Dirocloralo GonoraI,
vill ils loadquarlors al Dlanbad and ils zonaI.
National Safety Council
Tlo NalionaI Safoly CounciI vas foundod on 4ll Marcl, 1966 (nalionaI safoly day) lo
promolo safoly consciousnoss among vorIors lo provonl accidonls, minimizo dangors and
miligalo luman sufforing, arrango programmos, Iocluros and conforoncos on safoly, con-
ducl oducalionaI campaigns lo arouso consciousnoss among ompIoyors and vorIors and
coIIocl oducalionaI and informalion dala, olc.
AWARDS
Prime Ministers Shram Awards
Irimo Minislors Slram Avards aro givon lo vorImon vorIing in llo doparlmonlaI undor-
laIings and llo pubIic soclor undorlaIings of llo ConlraI Govornmonl, Slalo Govornmonls
and privalo soclor ompIoying moro llan 500 vorIors in rocognilion of lloir oulslanding
conlribulion. Tlo avards, in ordor of procodonco, aro: Slram Ralna, Slram Bluslan, Slram
Vir/Slram Voorangana and Slram Slroo/Slram Dovi. Tlo avards carry prosonlalion of a
sanad and casl prizo of ` lvo IaIls, ` 1 IaIl, ` 60,000 and ` 40,000 rospoclivoIy.
The National Safety Award
Inslilulod in 1965, lo givo rocognilion lo good safoly porformanco on llo parl of llo
induslriaI undorlaIings and lo slimuIalo and mainlain llo inlorosl of boll managomonl
and vorIors in accidonl provonlion programmos. Tlis is appIicabIo lo faclorios, docIs and
NucIoar Iovor Irojocls and NucIoar Iovor Slalions. Tlo NalionaI Safoly Avards for minos
voro inslilulod in 1983. Il is moanl for giving rocognilion lo oulslanding safoly porfor-
mancos of minos of nalionaI IovoI, vlicl comos villin llo purviov of llo Minos Acl, 1952.
Vishwakarma Rashtriya Puraskar
Slram Vir Avards, nov Inovn as VislvaIarma Rasllriya IurasIar voro inslilulod in
1965. Tloso aro moanl for vorIors of faclorios, minos, pIanlalions and docIs, and aro givon
INDIA 2011
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lo llom in rocognilion of lloir morilorious porformanco, vlicl Ioads lo ligl produclivily
or oconomy or liglor officioncy.
Tlo Trado Unions Acl, 1926 providos for rogislralion of
lrado unions of ompIoyors and vorIors, foIIovod by amondmonl on 9ll }an., 02 vlicl
incIudos No lrado union of vorImon slaII bo rogislorod unIoss al Ioasl 10 or 100,
vliclovor is Ioss, of vorImon ompIoyod in llo concornod induslry vill vlicl il is
connoclod aro llo mombors of sucl lrado union on llo dalo of maIing an appIicalion for
rogislralion. In no caso, a union slaII bo rogislorod villoul a minimum slrongll of
7 mombors, a rogislorod lrado union of vorImon slaII, al aII limos, conlinuo lo lavo nol
Ioss llan 10 or 100 of llo vorImon, vliclovor is Ioss, subjocl lo a minimum of 7 porsons
ongagod or ompIoyod in llo oslabIislmonl or induslry vill vlicl il is connoclod, as ils
mombors.
Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana
Iaunclod 1sl Ocl., 2007, llo NalionaI HoaIll Insuranco Sclomo namoIy, llo Rasllriya
Svasllya Bima Yojana and oporalion slarlod on 1sl ApriI, 08 lo covor around 6 croro BII
famiIios in unorgainsod soclor by 201213 vill ` 30 rogislralion and ronovaI foo. Tlo
sclomo providos for smarl card basod caslIoss insuranco covor of ` 30,000/- p.a. por famiIy
lo llo bonoficiary. Tlo promium viII bo borno by ConlraI Govornmonl and Slalo Govorn-
monl in llo ralio 75 : 25. In caso of Norll Iaslorn Slalos and }ammu & Kaslmir, llo
promium viII bo in llo ralio of 90 : 10. Tlo cosl of smarl card viII bo borno by llo ConlraI
Govornmonl.
The Workmens Compensation Act, 1923
Tlo Acl providos for paymonl of componsalion lo vorImon and lloir dopondonls in caso
of injury and accidonl (incIuding corlain occupalionaI disoasos) arising oul of and in llo
courso of ompIoymonl and rosuIling in disabIomonl or doall. Minimum ralos of compon-
salion for pormanonl lolaI disabIomonl and doall aro fixod al ` 90,000 and ` 80,000
rospoclivoIy. Maximum amounl for doall and pormanonl lolaI disabIomonl can go up lo
` 4.56 IaIl and ` 5.48 IaIl rospoclivoIy doponding on ago and vagos of vorImon.
The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961
Tlo Malornily Bonofil Acl, 1961 roguIalos ompIoymonl of vomon in corlain oslabIislmonls
for a corlain poriod boforo and aflor cliIdbirll and poriods for malornily and ollor
bonofils. Will an amondmonl llo modicaI bonus vas incroasod lo max ` 20000 for vlicl
oIigibIo voman vlo las saIary bolvoon 2501000.
The Employees State Insurance Act, 1948
Tlo ImpIoyoos Slalo Insuranco Acl, 1948 is appIicabIo in llo firsl inslanco, lo non-soasonaI
faclorios using povor and ompIoying 10 or moro porsons and non-povor using faclorios
INDIA 2011
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ompIoying 20 or moro porsons. Il covors ompIoyoos draving vagos nol oxcooding ` 10,000/
- vill offocl from 18.10.2006.
Iaunclod on 1sl ApriI, 2005, for lloso vorIors
vlo Iooso lloir job duo lo rolronclmonl, cIosuro of faclory and pormanonl disabiIily ariso
duo lo ompIoymonl. Tlo bonoficiary undor llis sclomo aro onlilIod lo gol 5053 of vago
as monllIy aIIovanco as voII modicaI caro for llomsoIvos and dopondanl famiIy mombors,
for a maximum of six monlls vlicl may bo avaiIabIo in a singIo spoII or in spoIIs of nol
Ioss llan ono monll oacl.
The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972
Tlo Acl providos for paymonl of graluily al llo ralo of 15 days vagos for oacl compIolod
yoar of sorvico or parl lloroof in oxcoss of six monlls subjocl lo llo maximum of ` 3.50
IaIl vloroas in caso of soasonaI oslabIislmonls, graluily is payabIo al llo ralo of sovon
days vagos for oacl soason. Tlo Acl doos nol affocl llo rigll of an ompIoyoo lo rocoivo
bollor lorms of graluily undor any avard or agroomonl or conlracl vill llo ompIoyor.
The Employees Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952
Tlo Acl providos llo financiaI sociaI socurily lo llo ompIoyoos in llo form of providonl fund
(ImpIoyoos Irovidonl Iund Sclomo 1952), ponsion (ImpIoyoos ponsion Sclomo 1995) and
doposil-IinIod insuranco (ImpIoyoos doposil IinIod Insuranco Sclomo 1976). Il oxlonds lo
llo vloIo of India oxcopl llo Slalo of }ammu and Kaslmir.
Employees Provident Fund Scheme, 1952
Irovidos financiaI socurily lo llo ompIoyoos in an oslabIislmonl by providing a syslom
of compuIsory savings and covors llo ompIoyoos golling vagos nol moro llan ` 6500 p.m.
Irom 01.11.1990 onvards llo ompIoyoo bocomos llo mombor of llo Iund from llo dalo
of joining llo faclory/oslabIislmonl.
The Employees Pension Scheme, 1995
Slarlod from 16ll Novombor, 1995 and providos covorago for oconomic suslonanco during
oId ago and survivorslip. Tlo nov onlranls lo llo momborslip of Irovidonl fund from
16ll Nov., 1995 viII aIso acquiro momborslip of llo Sclomo on compuIsory basis. A
minimum of 10 yoars sorvico is roquirod for onlilIomonl lo ponsion.
The Employees Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme, 1976
Slarlod from 1sl Aug., 1976 for mombors of llo ImpIoyoos Irovidonl Iund and oxomplod
Irovidonl Iunds. On llo doall of an ompIoyoo, vliIo in sorvico, vlo is a mombor of llo
ImpIoyoos Irovidonl Iund or of llo oxomplod Irovidonl Iund, llo porsons onlilIod
rocoivo llo providonl fund. Tlo maximum amounl of bonofil payabIo undor llo Sclomo
is ` 60000 and llo ompIoyoos do nol lavo lo maIo any conlribulion lo il.
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- Undor llo Appronlicos Acl, 1961, il is llo rospon-
sibIIily of ompIoyors lo ongago appronlicos for undorgoing Appronlicoslip Training, vlicl
varios from six monlls lo four yoars. Tlo Acl vas amondod in 1973 lo incIudo lraining
of gradualo and dipIoma onginoors as Gradualo and Toclnician appronlicos foIIovod
by anollor amondmonl in 1986 lo incIudo of 10+2 vocalionaI slroam as Toclnician (Vo-
calionaI) appronlicos.
- Undor llo VocalionaI Training programmo,
managod diroclIy by llo ConlraI Govornmonl and a NalionaI VocalionaI Training Inslilulo
(NVTI) for Womon, NOIDA as an apox conlro and lon RogionaI VocalionaI Training
Inslilulos (RVTIs) for Womon al Mumbai, BangaIoro, Tliruvananllapuram, Hisar, KoIIala,
Tura, AIIalabad, Indoro, Vadodara and }aipur lo provido lraining in basic, advancod and
inslruclionaI sIiIIs. Bosidos llis, slorl-lorm coursos aro aIso organizod as por avaiIabiIily
of infraslrucluro faciIilios.
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INDIA 2011
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Tlo Minislry of Informalion and Broadcasling, llrougl llo mass communicalion
modia consisling of radio, loIovision, fiIms, pross and prinl pubIicalions, advorlising
and lradilionaI modos of communicalion sucl as danco and drama, pIays an offoclivo
roIo in loIping poopIo accoss lo froo fIov of informalion.
Tlo Minislry is dividod inlo 4 vings llo Informalion Wing, llo Broadcasling
Wing, llo IiIms Wings and llo Inlogralod Iinanco Wing.
Irasar Blarali is llo pubIic sorvico broadcaslor in llo counlry, vill AII India Radio
and Doordarslan as ils lvo consliluonls (loadquarlor in DoIli). Il camo inlo oxislonco
on 23rd Novombor, 1997, vill a mandalo lo organizo and conducl pubIic broadcasling
sorvicos lo inform, oducalo and onlorlain poopIo and lo onsuro baIancod dovoIopmonl
of broadcasling on radio and loIovision.
Radio Broadcasling slarlod in India in llo oarIy 1920s. Tlo firsl programmo vas
broadcaslod in 1923 by llo Radio cIub of Bombay. Tlis vas foIIovod by solling up
Broadcasling Sorvicos in 1927 vill lvo privaloIyovnod lransmillors al Mumbai and
KoIIala.
Tlo Govornmonl looI ovor llo lransmillors in 1930 and slarlod oporaling llom undor
llo namo of Indian Broadcasling Sorvico. Il vas clangod lo AII India Radio (AIR)
in 1936 and il camo lo bo Inovn as AIaslvani from 1957.
is ono of llo Iargosl broadcasling nolvorIs in, llo vorId. Al llo limo
of indopondonco lloro voro six radio slalions and 18 lransmillors, vlicl covorod 11
porconl popuIalion and 2.5 por conl aroa of llo counlry.
as dislincl from pubIic sorvico broadcasling, sorvos lo bring smaII
communilios logollor, focusos on llo common mans day-lo-day concorns and loIps
in roaIizing IocaI aspiralions.
- a pubIic sorvico broadcaslor, is ono of llo Iargosl loIovision nolvorIs
in llo vorId. Il slarlod a sorvico on 15ll Soplombor, 1959 al DoIli vill llo lransmission
Mass
Communication
22
INDIA 2011
264
of oducalionaI and dovoIopmonl programmos on an oxporimonlaI basis. Tlo socond
loIovision conlro vas slarlod in Bombay in 1972 and Ialor Doordarslans loIovision
sorvico vas oxpandod lo ollor pIacos.
Doordarslan is prosonlIy oporaling 31 TV clannoIs bosidos froo-lo-air DTH sorvico
and las a lorroslriaI nolvorI of 66 sludios and 1416 lransmillors inslaIIod llrougloul
llo Iongll and broadll of llo counlry. In llo lorroslriaI modo, Doordarslan covorago
is avaiIabIo lo aboul 92.2 por conl popuIalion of llo counlry.
is llo Iargosl lorroslriaI nolvorI in llo vorId covoring aboul
91.2 por conl popuIalion and 79 por conl Iand aroa of llo counlry.
A dodicalod - - vas Iaunclod on 18ll Marcl,
1999. Tlo lransmission lours of llo clannoI vas incroasod from 10 lours lo 12 lours
a day from 25ll ApriI, 1999 and considoring llo popuIarily of llo clannoI llo
lransmission lours lavo boon oxlondod lo round llo cIocI from }uno, 2000.
Doodarslan oponod ils vindov lo llo vorId by Iauncling ils inlornalionaI clannoI
on 14ll Marcl, 1995. Tlo clannoI, iniliaIIy Inovn as DD-WorId vas ronamod DD-
India in 2002.
- vas incorporalod undor llo Companios Acl, 1956 on
19ll Docombor, 1959 and slarlod funclioning offoclivo 21sl Marcl, 1961. Iurllor, UNI
las Corrospondonls in Waslinglon, Nov YorI, Iondon, Moscov, Dubai, IsIamabad,
Kallmandu, CoIombo, DlaIa, Singaporo, Toronlo (Canada), Sydnoy (AuslraIia),
BangIoI (TlaiIand) and KabuI (Afglanislan). UNI dislribulos vorId novs from
Roulors, llo vorIds Iargosl informalion company.
- is llo nov Inlornol-basod novs and plolo oxclango
arrangomonl of llo novs agoncios boIonging lo mombor counlrios of llo non-aIignod
movomonl.
-- is a slalulory quasi-judiciaI aullorily mandalod by llo IarIiamonl lo
prosorvo llo froodom of llo pross and mainlain and improvo llo slandards of
novspapors and llo novs agoncios in India. Il is an aulonomous body vill oquaI
quasi-judiciaI aullorily ovor llo aullorilios and llo pross porsons.
- las boon closon as llo officiaI plolo agoncy for Quoons Balon
RoIay and onlruslod vill a vory imporlanl documonlalion vorI of llo onliro passago
of llo Quoons Balon RoIay llrougl aII llo 70 CommonvoaIll counlrios as-voII-as llo
28 Slalos and 7 Union Torrilorios of llo counlry for llo CommonvoaIll Gamos 2010.
- - vas conslilulod in }anuary, 1948 by roclrisloning llo orslvliIo
Informalion IiIms of India and llo Indian Nov Iarado sol up in 1943, primariIy for
var covorago. Tlo Cinomalograpl Acl of 1918 vas Indianisod in 1952 vlicl mado
llo scrooning of documonlary fiIms compuIsory llrougloul llo counlry. Tlo IiIms
Division producos documonlarios, slorl fiIms, animalion fiIms and novs magazinos.
- vas oslabIislod in 1955 lo provido vaIuo-basod
onlorlainmonl lo cliIdron llrougl llo modium of fiIms. CISI is ongagod in produclion,
acquisilion, dislribulion/oxlibilion and promolion of cliIdrons fiIms.
INDIA 2011
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- - KoIIala, vas oslabIislod by llo
Govornmonl of India as an aulonomous acadomic inslilulion undor llo Minislry of
Informalion and Broadcasling, and vas rogislorod }undor llo Wosl BongaI Sociolios
Rogislralion Acl, 1961. Iocalod al KoIIala and namod aflor llo Iogondary fiIm
maoslro Salyajil Ray, SRITI is llo socond nalionaI IovoI fiIm lraining inslilulo lo bo
oslabIislod by llo Govornmonl of India.
- -- rogislorod as a socioly undor
llo Sociolios Rogislralion Acl, 1860 (XXI of 1860) camo inlo oxislonco on 17ll Augusl,
1965. Tlo Inslilulo, inauguralod by llo formor Irimo Minislor of India and llo llon
Minislor of Informalion and Broadcasling, Sml. Indira Gandli, vas oslabIislod vill
llo basis objoclivo of undorlaIing loacling, lraining and rosoarcl in llo aroa of mass
communicalion.
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INDIA 2011
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In India pIanning dorivos ils objoclivos and sociaI promisos from llo Diroclivo IrincipIos
of Slalo IoIicy onslrinod in llo Conslilulion (ArlicIo 40). Tlo IIanning Commission vas
sol up by a RosoIulion of llo govornmonl of India in Marcl 1950.
Tlo Irimo Minislor of India, Dr. Manmolan Singl is llo Clairman of llo IIanning
Commission and Slri MonloI Singl AlIuvaIia is ils Dopuly Clairman.
Kooping in viov llo Iargo-scaIo imporl of foodgrains in 1951 and infIalionary prossuros
on llo oconomy, llo Iirsl IIan (195156) accordod llo liglosl priorily lo agricuIluro
incIuding irrigalion and povor projocls.
Tlo Socond Iivo-Yoar IIan (195657 lo 196061) sougll lo promolo a pallorn of
dovoIopmonl, vlicl vouId uIlimaloIy Ioad lo llo oslabIislmonl of a sociaIislic
pallorn of socioly in India.
Tlo Tlird IIan (196162 lo 196566) aimod al socuring a marIod advanco lovards
soIf-suslaining grovll.
- -
I 195156 HaroId Domar DovoIopmonl of AgricuIluro 3.6 Il vas llo I IIan on
sociaI Communily
DovoIopmonl (CDI)
1952.
II 195661 MalaInovis Rapid InduslriaIisalion 4.2 Slarlod InduslriaIiza-
lion.
- - - --- -
Planning
23
INDIA 2011
267
- -
III 196166 }oln Sandy & SoIf-RoIianco and SoIf- 2.7 I officiaI docIarod faiI
S. ClaIravarly suslainod oconomy (5.6 vas pIan in India. Causos -
largol) lvo vars:
196669 IIan HoIiday 1. Groon RovoIulion -
or AnnuaI IIan 196667
2. DovaIualion of Cur
roncy (2nd
dovaIulion in India
of curroncy)
1sl vas in 1949.
2nd vas in 1991.
IV 196974 AIIon S. Manno SoIf-roIianco and grovll 3.3 (largol Causos-1971 var, 1972-
& AsloI Rudra vill slabiIily vas 5.7) 73 oiI crisis.
Imporlanl ovonls
roIalod vill IoIicy
clango :
1. NalionaIizalion of
banIs in 1969 - by
Indira Gandli.
2. MRTI Acl, 1969
(Aggrossivo sociaI-
ism)
3. }. I. Movomonl -
Indira lalao foI-
Iovod by Garibi
lalao by Congross
Govl.
V 197479 IIanning Iradicalion of Iovorly 4.8 (largol 1. NalionaI Imor-
goncy25ll
Commission Tlo concopl of RoIIing vas 4.4) }uno, 1975.
IIan vas givon by }anla 2. 1sl Non-Congross
Govl. Govl. al llo Conlro
1977 (}anla Govl.)
3. 1sl Iood for WorI
Irogrammo by }an-
la Iarly1978, il
vas 1sl Nalionviso
Irogrammo rallor
llan rogionaI viso.
INDIA 2011
268
4. 1979 - Congross bacI
on Iovor. }anla
Iarly sloppod llo
pIan bul Congross
docIarod il a
197980 IIan HoIiday - AnnuaI IIan
VI 198085 IIanning ImpIoymonl gonoralion 5.5 1. No. of ompIoymonl
Commission Samo Objoclivo as V IIan sclomos voro
(omplasis on slarlod. (1sl sorious
slrucluraI allompl lovards
clango Slaro ompIoymonl
of AgricuIluro gonoralion)
Induslrios 2. 1sl limo llo vord
Iorspoclivo IIan
vas usod ( Iong
lormporspoclivo).
VII 198590 IIanning Modornizalion of our 6.0 1sl limo llo slaro of
Commission oxisling soclor and lo pubIic soclor in pIan
(omplasis on promolo llo Modorn oulIay vas Ioss llan
IiboraIizalion) soclor. Tovards 21sl 50. Iconomic
Conlury sIogan vas roforms slarlodinIndia
givon by IM Rajiv Gandli 1991
AModorn Iconomy
199092 AnnuaI IIan 1. Bofors issuo
2. Iconomic crisis-
1990
3. 3rd dovaIualion of
Currony 1991
4. Nov InduslriaI
IoIicy on 24ll }uIy,
1999 by docIaring
llo IiboraIisalion in
Indian Iconomy.
VIII 199297 }oln W. MiIIor Human Rosourcos 6.7 1. liglosl grovll ralo
(Rao DovoIopmonl (compl. (liglosl) 2. llo baso yoar vas
Manmolan) villin llo counlry & liII llo clangod lo
ModoI) oulsido llo vorId) 8ll pIan) 199192.
Duo lo llis poIicy, India
is Ioading IT Soclor.
INDIA 2011
269
IX 199702 IIanning IquilabIo dislribulion and 5.4 (il vas 1. IoIalran
Commission grovll vill oquaIily duo lo 2. Soull Iasl Asia
oxlornaI Crisis
faclors) 3. KargiI var
4. 200102 major
rocossion in llo
vorId oconomy.
Tlo Tonll Iivo-Yoar IIan (200207) vas approvod by llo NalionaI DovoIopmonl CounciI
on 21sl Docombor, 2002. Ils largol is roduclion in llo povorly ralio from 26 por conl lo
21 por conl, by 2007, DocadaI IopuIalion Grovll lo roduco from 21.3 por conl in 1991
2001 lo 16.2 por conl in 200111, Grovll in gainfuI ompIoymonl, al Ioasl, lo Ioop paco
vill addilion lo llo Iabour forco, AII cliIdron lo bo in sclooI by 2003 and aII cliIdron
lo compIolo fivo yoars of sclooIing by 2007, Roducing gondor gaps in Iiloracy and vago
ralos by 50 por conl, Iiloracy ralo lo incroaso from 65 por conl in 19992000, lo 75 por
conl in 2007, Iroviding polabIo drinIing valor lo aII viIIagos, Infanl MorlaIily Ralo lo bo
roducod from 72 in 19992000, lo 45 in 2007, MalornaI morlaIily ralio bo roducod from
four in 19992000, lvo in 2007, Incroaso in Iorosl/Troo covor from 19 por conl in 1999
2000, lo 25 porconl in 2007, and CIoaning of major poIIulod rivor slrolclos.
vlicl vas approvod by llo NDC on 10ll Docombor,
2007 providos a comprolonsivo slralogy for incIusivo dovoIopmonl, buiIding on llo groving
slrongll of llo oconomy, vliIo aIso addrossing voaInoss llal lavo surfacod.
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INDIA 2011
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In Oclobor 1974, llo Doparlmonl of RuraI DovoIopmonl camo inlo oxislonco as a parl
of Minislry of Iood and agricuIluro. On 18ll Augusl, 1979, llo Doparlmonl of RuraI
DovoIopmonl vas oIovalod lo llo slalus of a nov Minislry of RuraI Roconslruclion.
Il vas Ialor roclrislonod as Minislry of AgricuIluro in Soplombor 1985. On }uIy 5,
1991 llo Doparlmonl vas upgradod as Minislry of RuraI DovoIopmonl.
Tlo minislry, al prosonl, consisls of llo foIIoving llroo Doparlmonls:
1. Doparlmonl of RuraI DovoIopmonl.
2. Doparlmonl of Iand Rosourcos
3. Doparlmonl of DrinIing Walor SuppIy
Tlo Acl aims al
onlancing IivoIilood socurily of lousoloIds in ruraI aroas of llo counlry by providing
al Ioasl ono lundrod days of guaranlood vago ompIoymonl in a financiaI yoar lo
ovory lousoloId vloso aduIl mombors voIunloor lo do unsIiIIod manuaI vorI.
Tlo Acl camo inlo forco on Iobruary, 2, 2006 and vas impIomonlod in a plasod
mannor. In Ilaso ono il vas inlroducod in 200 of llo mosl bacIvard dislricls of llo
counlry. Il vas impIomonlod in an addilionaI 130 dislricls in Ilaso lvo 20072008.
Tlo Sclomo vas oxlondod lo llo romaining 274 ruraI dislricls of India from ApriI
1, 2008 in Ilaso III.
MGNRIGA is llo firsl ovor Iav inlornalionaIIy, llal guaranloos vago ompIoymonl
al an unprocodonlod scaIo. Ils auxiIiary objoclivo is slronglloning naluraI rosourco
managomonl llrougl vorI llal addross causos of clronic povorly IiIo drougll,
doforoslalion and soiI orosion and so oncourago suslainabIo dovoIopmonl.
vas Iaunclod on 25ll Docombor,
2000 as a fuIIy fundod ConlraIIy Sponsorod Sclomo. Tlo primary objoclivo of llo
IMGSY is lo provido connoclivily lo aII llo oIigibIo unconnoclod labilalions of moro
24
Rural
Development
INDIA 2011
271
llan 500 porsons in llo ruraI aroas (250 porsons in llo liIIy and dosorl aroas) by
good quaIily aII-voallor roads. 1,36,464 labilalions voro largolod undor llo sclomo.
goaI las boon sol lo provido connoclivily lo aII llo
labilalions vill popuIalion of moro llan 1000 in llo pIain aroas and labilalions
vill a popuIalion of 500 or moro in liIIy and lribaI aroas in a limo-bound mannor
by 2009.
Iaunclod on I ApriI 1999, aflor roslrucluring and morging llo orslvliIo
and ils aIIiod programmos, namoIy Training
of RuraI Youll for SoIf ImpIoymonl (TRYSIM), DovoIopmonl of Womon and
CliIdron in RuraI Aroas (DWCRA), SuppIy of looIs Iils in RuraI Aroas (SITRA)
and Ganga KaIyan Yojana (GKY), bosidos MiIIion WoIIs Sclomo (MWS), SGSY is
an inlogralod sclomo for providing opporlunilios of soIf ompIoymonl lo llo ruraI
poor.
- - - , Sclomo vas impIomonlod
on a piIol basis from 200405 for llroo yoars in sovon cIuslors, ono oacl in llo Slalo
of Andlra Iradosl, Assam, Bilar, Malarasllra, Odisla, Rajasllan and Ullar Iradosl.
Tlo objoclivos of llo sclomo aro lo provido IivoIilood opporlunilios and urban
amonilios in ruraI aroas for bridging ruraI-urban divido and improving llo quaIily
of Iifo.
A ConlraIIy-sponsorod sclomo, - ,
adminislralion vas Iaunclod on 1sl ApriI, 1999 vill llo objoclivo of slronglloning
llo DRDAs and maIing llom moro profossionaI in lloir funclioning.
-- , a ConlraIIy Sponsorod
Irogrammo, las boon undor impIomonlalion sinco 198990. Tlo dovoIopmonl of
vasloIands and dogradod Iands undor llo programmo is oxpoclod lo promolo
gonoralion of ompIoymonl in ruraI aroas bosidos incroasing Iand produclivily in llo
projocl aroas.
- is a ConlraIIy Sponsorod Sclomo boingimpIomonlod
by llo MoIR in llo non-BIGI dislricls. Tlo Sclomo focusos primariIy on providing
financiaI assislanco lo llo slalos/UTs for Training and Capacily buiIding of oIoclod
roprosonlalivos (IRs) and funclionarios of Ianclayali Raj Inslilulions (IRIs) so llal
lloy can porform llo funclions dovoIvod upon llom and llo sclomos onlruslod lo
llom offoclivoIy.
-- Il proposos lo provido a vloIo rango of IT roIalod
sorvicos sucl as DoconlraIizod Dalabaso and IIanning. IRI Budgoling andAccounling,
ImpIomonlalion and moniloring of ConlraI and Slalo soclor sclomos, Cilizon-conlric
Sorvicos, Uniquo codos lo Ianclayals and individuaIs, IssonliaI GIS basod
appIicalions, on-Iino soIf-Ioarning modium for oIoclod roprosonlalivos and officiaI
funclionarios.
--- is a parlicipalory dovoIopmonl modoI for llo ruraI aroas of
llo counlry llal is buiIl on llo pIalform of 4I, IubIic Irivalo Ianclayal Iarlnorslip.
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- las boon inlroducod lo rocognizo oulslanding con-
lribulions by civiI socioly Organisalion al slalo, dislricl , bIocI and gram Ianclayal IovoI
lo gonoralo avaronoss aboul provisions and onlorlainmonls and onsuring compIianco vill
impIomonling procossos .
Iaunclod on 25ll Sopl., 2001 by by ISI
and }GSY (}avalar Gram Samridli Yojana) casl compononl bolvoon conlor and slalo
75 : 25, minimum vagos aro paid lo vorIor llrougl a mix of minimum 5 Ig of food grains
and alIoasl, 25 vagos in casl food grains aro providod froo of cosl lo slalos. SGRY
impIanlod by aII 3 lior of Ianclayali Raj inslilulion. Iacl IovoI is lroo for formuIalion of
aclion pIan.
Iaunclod in Nov. 2004 in 150 mosl
bacIvard dislricls vas saiIod al providing addilionaI rosourcos aparl from avaiIabIo undor
SGRY lo gonoralo suppIomonlary vago ompIoymonl and providing food socurily. Nov
il las boon subsumod undor NRIGA vlicl las como in forco in 200 idonlifiod dislricls
in cIouding 150 NIIWI dislricls.
RURAL HOUSING
- Irior lo }an., 1996 IAY vas parl of }avalar Rozgar Yojna bul
il bocamo indopondonl sclomo oxlondod lo covor non-scloduIod caslos and scloduIod
lribos ruraI BII poor famiIios of Ix sorvico mon of armod and paramiIilary forcos IiIIod
in aclion, 3 of lousos aro rosorvod for BII poopIo plysicaIIy and monlaIIy claIIongod
porson from 20062007 onvard.
vas Iaunclod vill offocl from 1sl ApriI,
1999 as a programmo of soIf ompIoymonl for ruraI poor by organizing poopIo inlo soIf loIp
groups (SHGS), undor il SC/ST accounl for alIoasl 50, voman 40 and porson vill plysicaI
disabiIily conslilulo 3. SHGS may consisl of 1020 mombors for minor migralion bul in
liIIy dosorl, sparsoIy popuIalod aroas llis mombor couId bo minimum 5. Conlor slalo
conlribulos vill 75 : 25 basos for financos. SHGS slouId bo dravn from BII Iisl approvod
by gram Sabla undor SGSY oacl bIocI slouId conconlralo on 45 aclivilios.
--- NASI vas inlroducod in 1995 vlicl
providos for minimum nalionaI slandard for sociaI assislanco a parl from bonofils vlicl
slalo aro providing aro in fuluro NSAI consisl of Indira Gandli NalionaI OId Ago Ionsion
Sclomo, NalionaI Bonofils Sclomo and Annapurna.
Iaunclod in 19ll Nov., 2007, vloro bonoficiary vlo aro 65 yoars or liglor
and boing lo a famiIy of BII oarIior NOAIS vas onIy for doslilulo. Undor IGNOAIS,
Iaunclod on 19ll Nov., 2007, monllIy monoy givon is ` 200.
Inlroducod in 1sl ApriI, 2000, lo provido 10 Igs of foodgrains por
monlls froo of cosl lo oIigibIo bonoficiarios vlo couId nol bo covorod undor NOAIS.
Undor NalionaI IamiIy Bonofil Sclomo (NIBS) ` 10,000 is providod lo BII famiIy in
caso of naluraI or accidonlaI doall of a primary broad vinnor, in ago group of 1864 yoars.
(CounciI for Advancomonl of IoopIos Aclion and RuraI ToclnoIogy) is au-
lonomous Organisalion undor Minislry of RuraI DovoIopmonl sol up in 1986.
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Tlo objoclivo is lo promolo voIunlary aclion llrougl communily parlicipalion and lo
propagalo ruraI loclnoIogy for bonofil of ruraI poopIo.
- Tloso programmos aro adminislorod by doparl-
monl of Iand rosourcos of ruraI dovoIopmonl minislry. Wloro aim is lo clocI Iovoring
produclivily of vasloIand and Ioss of nalionaI rosourcos, llrougl Drougll Irono Aroa
Irogrammo (DIAI) Dosorl DovoIopmonl Irogrammo (DDI) for Inlogralod WasloIands
DovoIopmonl Irogrammo (IWDI)
DIAI-Iaunclod in 197374 conlor and slalo financo ralio 75 : 25
DDI-Iaunclod in 197778 conlor and slalo financo ralio 75 : 25
IWDI-Iaunclod in 198990 conlor and slalo financo ralio 11 : 1 Irojocl undor IWDI
aro gonoraIIy sanclionod in aroas llal aro nol covorod undor DDI or DIAI.
To ompovor Ianclayali Raj Inslilulions boll financiaIIy and adminislralivoIy
in impIomonlalion of Walorslod DovoIopmonl Irogrammo.
RURAL DRINKING WATER SUPPLY PROGRAMME
-- (NDWM) Iaunclod in 1986 and aflor roclrislonod
as Rajiv Gandli NalionaI DrinIing Walor Mission in 1991 3 Ioy objoclivos
1. Safo drinIing valor lo aII viIIagos.
2. Ixlonding loIp lo IocaI communilios lo mainlain sourcos of drinIing valor.
3. SpociaI allonlion for valor suppIy lo SC and STs and Mission sooI lo provido 40 Iilors
of safo drinIing valor in ruraI aroas.
Iaunclod during 197273. To
covor aII ruraI labilalions vill 100 and abovo.
Iaunclod in Doc., 2002 vlicl invoIvo IRISs in pIanning, impIomonl
Mainlonaco, vloro, conlraI govornmonl providos 90 fund rosl 10 by communily lo bo
bonofillod.
Iaunclod in 1986 lo onlanco quaIily of Iifo
provido privacy dignily lo voman bul 1993, ils objoclivo voro brandod by incIuding
subjocls IiIo, porsonaI lygiono, lomo sanilalion safo valor, disposaI of garbago, luman
oxcrola for vaslo valor.
Iaunclod in Marcl 2002. Iul omplasis on, avaIonor
buiIding for mools domand llrougl and aIlornalo doIivory moclanism, sclooI sanilalion
is ono of ils compononls. Slalos aro lo formuIalod proposaIs and TSC lo gain conlraI aid.
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-
AglarIar Rosoarcl Inslilulo Iuno Rosoarcl in basic and appIiod aspocls in llo
fioId of BioIogicaI Scioncos.
Boso Insli lulo KoIIala Rosoarcl in IlysicaI and Iifo Scionco.
Indian Associalion for cuIlivalion of KoIIala Sludios on soIid slalo plysics maloriaI
scionco) scionco, onorgy rosoarcl and poIymor scionco
Indian Inslilulo of TropicaI MoloroIogy Iuno
Indian Inslilulo of Aslro Ilysics BangaIoro Rosoarcl in omorging and InlordispIinary aroas
of aslroplysics and loavonIy bodios.
}avarlarIaI Nolru Conlros for BangaIoro Rosoarcl in fronlior aroas of Clomislry,
Advancod Scionlific Rosoarcl Ilysics and IIui d Dynamics
Raman Rosoarcl Inslilulo BangaIoro Rosoarcl in Aslronomy, Aslro Ilysics and
Ii qui d CryslaIs
S. N. Boso NalionaI Conlros for KoIIala Advancod sludios in soIoclod brancl of Basic
Basic Scionco scionco
BirbaI Salni Inslilulo of IaIoobolany IucInov Rosoarcl in IaIaoobolany in modorn conloxl.
Indian Inslilulo of Goomagnolism Mumbai Rosoarcl in innormosl crusls of llo oarll as
llo sun and in noar oarll) voII as plonomona
of occuring on
Wadia Inslilulo of HimaIayan GooIogy Dolradun Basic Rosoarcl in llo aroa of Bioslraligraply,
IolroIogy and Gooclomislry
InlornalionaI Advanco Rosoarcl Hydorabad DovoIopmonl of Higl porformanco and
Conlro for Iovdor MolaIIurgy and maloriaIs and procossos.
Nov maloriaIs
Scienceand
Technology
25
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Vigyan Irasar Nov DoIli, 1989 To laIo Iargo scaIo scionco popuIarisalion pro-
grammos.
NalionaI Accrodilion Board for Nov DoIli Irovidos rocognilion for loclnicaI compolonco
losling and caIibralion Iaboralorios of losling, caIibralion and modicaI Iaboralorios
Conlro for Iiquid cryslaI rosoarcl BangaIoro
Aryablalla Rosoarcl Inslilulo of NainilaI
Obsorvalion Scionco
Survoy Training Inslilulo Hydorabad Iromior i nslilulion for lrai ning i n various
discipIinos of survoying and mapping.
Indian Acadomy of Scionco BangaIoro
Indian NalionaI Scionco Acadomy Nov DoIli
Indian NalionaI Acadomy of Ingg. Nov DoIli
NalionaI Acadomy of Scionco AI Ialabad
Indian Scionco Congross Associalion KoI Iala
Doparlmonl of Alomic Inorgy Mumbai, 1954 DovoIopmonl of NucIoar Iovor ToclnoIogy,
appIicalion of radialion loclnoIogy in llo fioId
of agricuIluro, modicino and induslry.
NucIoar IuoI CompIox Hydorabad, Organisalion is rosponsibIo for manufac
1971 luring of Zirc aIIoy - 4 cIad naluraI and
dopIolod naluraI uranium oxido for IHWR.
Tarapur Alomic Iovor Iroj ocl Mumbai, 1969
Ravalblala Alomic Iovor Irojocl I Rajasllan, Tlo projocl vas buiIl vill llo loIp of
1973 Alomic Inorgy of Canada Ild.
Narora Alomic Iovor Irojocl U.I., 1991
KaIrapar Alomic Iovor Irojocl Guj aral, 1993
Kaiga Alomic Iovor Irojocl KarnalaIa
IIoclronics Corp of India Ild. Hydorabad, Iionoorod llo IIoclronics and Compulor
1967 RovoIulion in India
Blaroliya NabliIiya Vidyul Nigam 2003 To laIo up llo conslruclion aclivilios of llo
fasl broodor roaclors.
BARCs Radialion Modicino Conlro Mumbai InvoIvod i n Rosoarcl and DovoIopmonl in
NucIoar Modicino and AIIiod Scionco
Krisli Ulpadan SanraIslan Kondra Iasagoan Sol up by BARC for Iov doso appIicalion
(KRUSHAK) (NasiI) of radialion for food prosorvalion
Radialion Irocossing IIanl Navi Mumbai Sol up by Board of Radio Isolopos (BRIT)
BRITs BiomoIocuIo Iroducing }onaIi SuppIios ovor a dozon of IaboIIod nucIoolidos
and moIocuIar bioIogy Iils.
Iaboralory Hydorabad
Advanco Conlro for Troalmonl, Navi Mumbai Tlo firsl unil of Blablallan boing usod
Rosoarcl and Iducalion of Cancor roguIary for lroalmonl of cancor palionls
(ACTRIC)
Slriram Conlro for InduslriaI DoIli
Rosoarcl
Kidvai MomoriaI Inslilulo of OncoIogy BangaI uru
Dofonco Ros. & DovoIopmonl Org. }odlpur,
Rajasllan
INDIA 2011
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InlornalionaI Inslilulo of popuIalion Mumbai
sludi os
Conlro for Advanco ToclnoIogy Indoro DovoIopmonl of appIicalion in llo aroas of
Iasor syslom
Dofonco MolaIurgicaI Rosoarcl Iab. Hydorabad Iasor basod pr oj ocliI o spoon moasuri ng
inslrumonl commissi onod al llo Dofonco
MolaIIurgicaI Rosoarcl Iab.
NucIoar DosaIinalion Domonslralion KaI paIIam (Tlo pIanl viII uliIiso soa valor, sloam &
IIanl povor from Madras Iovor Slalion for
aclioving cosl offoclivo soa valor)
Inslilulo of Ilysics Blubanoslvar Conducls Rosoarcl in condonsod mallor and
ligl onorgy.
NalionaI Conlro for BioIogicaI Scionco BangaIoro Rosoarcl inilialivo in fronlIino aroa of
of TIIR modorn bioIogy.
Board for Rosoarcl in NucIoar Mumbai Rocommonds financiaI assislanco lo
Sci oncos (BRNS) univorsily, acadomic inslilulion and NalionaI
Iaborilios.
NalionaI Board for Higlor Mumbai Iromoling oxcoIIonco in liglor Mallomalics,
Mallomalics Iducalion and Rosoarcl in llo counlry.
VariabIo Inorgy CycIolron Conlro KoIIala, 1977 Il providos Radio isolopos for various appIi-
calion.
IoIdod Tandom Ion AccoIoralor Trombay, 2000 BARC las commissionod llo accoIoralor for
(IOTIA) various Rosoarcl & DovoIopmonl vorI.
Inslilulo of IIasma Rosoarcl (IIR) Almodabad Oporalos Adilya ToIamaI for llo sludios on
ligl lomp magnolicaIIy confinod pIasmas.
Indian Spaco Rosoarcl Organisalion BangaIoro, (Ior oxporimonlalion, oporalionaIisalion and
1969 Iauncling of ils spaco crafl indigonousIy.
NalionaI Inslilulo of Ocoan Clonnai, 1993 To promoling and dovoIoping loclnoIogy for
ToclnoIogy (NIOT) spocific purposos in ocoan roIalod aroas.
NalionaI Conlro for Anlarclic and Vasco Goa, To consoIidalo llo gains acquirod from llo
Ocoan Rosoarcl (NCAUR) 25 May, 1998 Anlarclic oxpodilions and lo slimuIalo llo
Rosoarcl in llo fronlior aroa of IoIar Scionco.
Indian NalionaI Conlro for Indian Hydorabad, IslabIisl slalo of arl IT infraslrucluro.
Ocoan Informalion Sorvicos (INCOIS) Iob., 1999 ImpIomonling Indian Ocoan and ModoIIi ng
Irojocl (IODMOD)
NalionaI MolaIIurgicaI Iaboralory }amslodpur Improvomonl of Rocovory and Ifficioncy of
Manganoso.
ConlraI MoclanicaI Inginooring Durgapur Ingago in IoIymolaIIic NoduIo Irogrammo
Rosoarcl Inslilulo of Doparlmonl of Ocoan DovoIopmonl
Inslilulo of Iifo Scionco Blubanosvar
Indian AgricuIluro Rosoarcl Inslilulo Nov DoIli AgricuIl uro Augmonlalion of Ilylolron
conlainmonl faciIily is avaiIabIo al IARI
BioloclnoIogy IarI IucInov
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BioloclnoIogy Incubalion Conlro Hydorbadad
NalionaI Conlro for CoII Scionco Iuno (R&D in llo aroas of slom coII bioIogy, cancor
bioIogy, singIo lransduclion, HIV. BioIogy and
gono roguIalion)
Conlro for DNA fingorprinling and Hydorabad (Iroviding sorvicos for DNA fingor prinling,
diagnoslics
Diagnoslics
NalionaI Conlro for Modium Rango 1908 (Modium Rango Woallor forocasl lo llo Indian
Woallor Iorocasling Iarmors.)
vas sol up in 1971 vlicl idonlify and promolo
fronl Iino and priorily aroas on R&D, llrougl scionco and onginooring rosoarcl counciI
(SIRC) an advisory body consisling of ominonl scionlisl.
1. A nalionaI Irogrammo NanomaloriaI Scionco and ToclnoIogy Inilialivo (NSTI) las
boon slarlod.
2. Boys casl foIIovslip SIRC sludonl foIIovslip lo iron rosoarcl mind.
3. Kisloro vaigyaniI prolsalan yojana las boon slarlod lo oncourago young minds.
- (NCMRWI) llis is onIy
organizalion in India vloro roaI limo gIobaI and rogionaI dala anniliIalion vorI aro boing
carriod oul for providing oporalionaI modium rango voallor forocasling aIso losl bomb-
silo conlor for voallor and cIimalo aIso boon parlnor on ovor obsorvalion campaign
(INDOIX, BOBMWIX, IASIIX, ARMIX, olc.)
NalionaI survoy and mapping organizalion undor minislry of scionco
for loclnoIogy sol up in 1767.
Dopll. of alomic onorgy oslabIislod on 3rd Augusl, 1954.
In 3 slago programmo:
- - Comprisos solling up lo prossurizod loavy valor roaclors (IHWRs)
and associalod fuoI cycIo faciIilios. IHWRs uso naluraI uranium as fuoI and loavy
valor as modoralor and cooIanl.
- Invisagos solling up of fasl broodor roaclors (IBRs) bacIod by
roprocossing pIanls and pIuloniumbasod fuoI fabricalion pIanls. IIulonium is producod
by irradialion of U-238.
- is basod on llorium, U-233 cycIo. U-233 is oblainod by irradialion of
llorium.
Uranium Deposit In India
}aduguda blalin, Narvapalar, TrandalI (oasl for soull), Banduluran (Turamdil
vosl), ConlraI Koruadungri Bagjala, Kanya, MoluIdin and Nundup in }arIland.
INDIA 2011
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Domiasial and vlacIy in MoglaIaya.
Iasmbapur Ioddagallu, Koppunura and TunnoIopaIIo in Andlra Iradosl.
Gogi in KarnalaIa.
RoliI in Rajasllan.
--- Uranium Corporalion of India Ild. (UCII) a pubIic soclor
undorlaIing oporalo ovor uranium minos UCII procossos uranium oro lo yoIIov coIo, vlicl
in sonl llon lo NIC for fuoI fabricalion.
Magnolic prosonl in uranium oro is rocovorod as a byproducl in uranium procoss
pIanl.
Tlo rosoarcl for dovoIopmonl in fioId of oro procossing and uranium molaI produclion
is dono al bombay.
CurronlIy, ninoloon nucIoar povor roaclors aro lloro in India vlicl produco 4,580.00
MW (2.9 of lolaI inslaIIod baso).
-
Kaiga NICII KarnalaIa IHWR 220 3 660
KaIrapar NICII Gujaral IHWR 220 2 440
KaIpaIIam NICII TamiI Nadu IHWR 220 2 440
Narora NICII Ullar Iradosl IHWR 220 2 440
Ravalblala NICII Rajasllan IHWR 100 1 1180
200 1
220 4
Tarapur NICII Malarasllra BWR(IHWR) 160 2, 540 2 1400

- -
Kaiga NICII KarnalaIa IHWR 220 1 220
KudanIuIam NICII TamiI Nadu WIR-1000 1000 2 2000
KaIpaIIam NICII TamiI Nadu IIBR 500 1 500

-
KaIrapar NICII Gujaral IHWR 640 2 1280
Ravalblala NICII Rajasllan IHWR 640 2 1280
KudanIuIam NICII TamiI Nadu VVIR-1200 1200 2 2400
}ailapur NICII Malarasllra IIR 1600 4 6400
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Kaiga NICII KamalaIa IWR 1000 1, 1500 1 2500
Blavini IIBR 470 4 1880
NICII AHWR 300 300
NTIC IWR 1000 2 2000
NICII IHWR 640 4 2560
- -
KudanIuIam NICII TamiI Nadu VVIR-1200 1200 2 2400
}ailapur NICII Malarasllra IIR 1600 2 3200
Iali Sonapur Odisla IWR 6000
Kumalaria Haryana IWR 2800
Saurasllra Gujaral IWR
IuIivonduIa NICII 51, Andlra Iradosl IWR 2000 1 2000
AI Gonco 49
Kovvada Andlra Iradosl IWR
Haripur Wosl BongaI IWR
Tlo - - vas formod in 1969. Spaco
rosoarcl aclivilios voro providod addilionaI fiIIip vill llo formalion of llo Spaco
Commission and llo Doparlmonl of Spaco by llo govornmonl of India in 1972. Ior
llo saga of Indian spaco offorls, 70s voro llo ora of Ixporimonlalion during vlicl
oxporimonlaI saloIIilo programmos IiIo Aryablalla, BlasIara, Rolini and AppIo
voro undorlaIon.
Tlo syslom is a joinl vonluro of Doparlmonl of
Spaco, Doparlmonl of ToIocommunicalion, India MolooroIogicaI Doparlmonl, AII
India Radio and Doordarslan. IslabIislod in 1983, INSAT is llo Iargosl domoslic
communicalion saloIIilo syslom in llo Asia pacific Rogion vill IIovon saloIIilos in
oporalion: INSAT-2I, INSAT-3A, INSAT-3B, INSAT-3C, INSAT-3I, KAIIANA-1,
GSAT-2, IDUSAT, INSAT-4A, INSAT-4b and INSAT-4CR.
Tlo commissionod vill Iauncl of IRS-1A in 1988 and prosonlIy
incIudos lon saloIIilos llal conlinuo lo provido imagorios in varioly of spaliaI rosoIulions
from Ioss llan a molro ranging uplo 500 molros. Tlo saloIIilos of IRS syslom vlicl
aro in sorvico loday aro TIS, Osoansal-1 & 2, Rosourcossal-1, Carlosal-1 and Carlosal-
2 & 2A, IMS-1 RIST-2.
Tlo firsl oxporimonlaI (SIV-3) vas dovoIopod in 1980. An
Augmonlod vorsion of llis, ASIV, vas Iaunclod succossfuIIy in 1982. India las mado
lromondous slridos in Iauncl loclnoIogy lo acliovo soIf-roIianco in saloIIilo Iauncl
volicIo programmo vill llo oporalionaIisalion of IoIar SaloIIilo Iauncl VolicIo
(ISIV) and Goosynclronous SaloIIilo Iauncl VolicIo (GSIV).
las four slagos using soIid and Iiquid propuIsion sysloms aIlornaloIy.
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Tlo is capabIo of Iauncling 2,000 Ig cIass saloIIilos inlo Goosynclronous
Transfor Orbil (GTO). Il is llroo slago volicIo.
Indias firsl mission lo llo Moon vas succossfuIIy Iaunclod on 22nd
Oclobor, 2008. Tlo oIovon payIoads lavo sludiod llo moon from difforonl porspoclivos
and providod oxcoIIonl quaIily of ligl rosoIulion dala. Tlo mosl significanl rosuIl
is llo discovory of llo prosonco of lydroxyI and valor moIocuIos on llo Iunar surfaco
and inforonco of sub-surfaco valor ico doposils in llo baso of cralors in pormanonl.
is llo marIoling agoncy undor Doparlmonl of Spaco
oslabIislod in 1992 vill accoss lo rosourcos of ISRO DOS as voII as Indian spaco
induslrios. Irom llo modosl boginning is oarIy days of ils oxislonco, loday Anlrix
is rocognizod as Ono Sourco for mooling aII spaco noods of llo cuslomors.
Duringllo 29llAnlarclic oxpodilion concIudod by Marcl 2009, llo sludios accompIislod
in llo Iarsomann HiIIs aroa for solling up llo Tlird Slalion in llo Anlarclic incIuding
lransporlalion of loavy oquipmonl (Amorican CranoMANTIS) of 4 lons. India
vouId bo Iauncling an oxpodilion lo Soull IoIo vill llo Amorican counlorparls.
India las roconlIy ombarIod upon Arclic rosoarcl by Iauncling firsl ovor scionlific
oxpodilion lo llis rogion undor llo Ioadorslip of Slri RasiI Ravindra, Diroclor,
NCAOR, Goa in llo firsl vooI of Augusl 2007 using llo inlornalionaI rosoarcl faciIily
al Ny-AIosund in SpliIsborgon isIand of Norvay. Tlo namo of llo Indian Arclic
Slalion is Himadri sol up al llo baso camp in Norvay.
Concorlod offorls lavo boon mado lovards dovoIopmonl
of vaccinos and diagnoslics for llo major infoclious and non-infoclious disoasos
spociaIIy in llo aroas of luborcuIosis, avian infIuonza, CliIungunya, rolavirus, lyploid,
maIaria and HIV.
Boll basic and lransIalionaI rosoarcl aro boing promolod by llo Doparlmonl
in various inslilulions, lospilaIs and llo induslry. TiII dalo, moro llan 55 programmos
lavo boon idonlifiod and supporlod on various aspocls of slom coII rosoarcl.
Tlo Ioy aroas idonlifiod aro: lissuo onginooring, biomaloriaIs for
llorapoulics, modicaI dovicos, bioinslrumonlalion and biosonsors.
- - provido an oxcoIIonl lompIalo
for llo promolion of Biolocl slarl-up companios and llo promolion of IubIic Irivalo
Iarlnorslip.
sol up on 8 acros Iand providod by llo Doparlmonl
of Scionco and ToclnoIogy, Govornmonl of Ullar Iradosl is nov oporalionaI and is
omorging as a good modoI.
al Slapoorji IaIIonji Biloocl IarI, Gonomo
VaIIoy, Hydorabad las boon mainIy dosignod for dovoIopmonl and scaIoup of bio-
procossos and loclnoIogios.
-- is an aulonomous
organizalion fundod by llo Doparlmonl of BioloclnoIogy, Minislry of Scionco and
ToclnoIogy, Govornmonl of India.
INDIA 2011
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Tlo poIicy oulIinos llo approacl lo S&T
govornanco, oplimaI uliIizalion of oxisling plysicaI and InovIodgo rosourcos,
dovoIopmonl of innovalivo loclnoIogios, sysloms and loclnoIogios for miligalion and
managomonl of naluraI lazards, gonoralion and managomonl of inloIIocluaI proporly
and croalion of avaronoss amongsl gonoraI massos aboul llo uso and bonofils of
scionco & loclnoIogy.
Womon Scionlisls Sclomo vas Iaunclod during llo yoar 2002 by llo Doparlmonl of
Scionco and ToclnoIogy. Tlo sclomo providos supporl lo vomon scionlisls, vill or
villoul a broaI in caroor, lo pursuo scionco in aII ils aspocls and oncourago llom
lo conlinuo in llo scionlific profossion.
Iaunclod in 1995, las boon pIaying an imporlanl
roIo al aII slagos of inloIIocluaI proporly (II) dovoIopmonl in llo counlry, from ground
lo poIicy IovoI incIuding croaling II avaronoss, proloclion, uso and oxpIoilalion of
II and Iooping valcl on II dovoIopmonl.
vas conslilulod in Soplombor 1996. Tlo
Board providos financiaI assislanco lo induslriaI concorns and ollor agoncios for
allompling dovoIopmonl and commorciaI appIicalion of indigonous loclnoIogy or
adapling imporlod loclnoIogy for vidor domoslic appIicalion.
- -- is an imporlanl aclivily invoIving cliIdron
in llo ago group of 1017 yoars from aII ovor llo counlry. Tlo programmo is
onvisagod lo oncourago llo sludonls lo roIalo llo Ioarning of scionco lo llo onvironmonl
around, lo lloir immodialo sociaI and plysicaI onvironmonl and provido llom a
forum lo inloracl vill scionlisls lo quoncl lloir curiosily and llirsl for croalivily.
- vas oslabIislod in 1989 lo laIo up Iargo scaIo scionco popuIarizalion
programmos. Il las boon slriving lard lo roacl oul lo massos llrougl llo mass
modia.
llo nalionaI survoy and mapping organizalion undor llo
Minislry of Scionco & ToclnoIogy, vas sol up in 1767. In ils assignod roIo as llo
NalionaI IrincipaI Mapping Agoncy, Survoy of India boars a spociaI rosponsibiIily lo
onsuro llal llo counlrys domain is oxpIorod and mappod. WliIo Survoy of India
mools llo nalionaI noods in carlograply, somo spociaIizod llomalic maps roquirod
lo mool llo noods of llo spocific usors aro laIon caro of by llo NalionaI AlIas and
Tlomalic Mapping Organisalion (NATMO), oporaling undor llo Doparlmonl.
IslabIislmonl of - , as an
aulonomous body for promoling basic rosoarcl, vas nolifiod in Marcl 2010.
Tlo Doparlmonl of Scionlific and InduslriaI Rosoarcl (DSIR) is a parl of llo Minislry
of Scionco and ToclnoIogy vill llo mandalo for indigonous loclnoIogy promolion,
dovoIopmonl and uliIizalion.
Tlo fifll mooling of llo ToclnicaI Commilloo and llo fifll sossion of llo Govorning
CounciI (GC) of llo Asian and Iacific Conlro for Transfor of ToclnoIogy (AICTT)
vas loId in Docombor 2009 in BangIoI, TlaiIand.
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Undor IToG, llo Doparlmonl
impIomonls a comprolonsivo programmo lo accoIoralo o-Govornanco llrougl
Informalion ToclnoIogy for improving officioncy, lransparoncy and accounlabiIily.
Undor llo programmo, doparlmonlaI procossos aro boing aulomalod llal viII onabIo
onIino submission of appIicalions as voII as onIino accoss lo llo slalus of appIicalions
in llo doparlmonl.
- CII is a IubIic Soclor Inlorpriso undor
Doparlmonl of Scionlific & InduslriaI Rosoarcl, Minislry of Scionco & ToclnoIogy,
Govornmonl of India oslabIislod in 1974 vill an objoclivo lo commorciaIIy oxpIoil
llo indigonous loclnoIogios dovoIopod by NalionaI Iaboralorios and R&D
Inslilulions in llo counlry.
is an aulonomous, non-profil pubIicily fundod R&D organizalion undor
Doparlmonl of Scionlific & InduslriaI Rosoarcl, Minislry of Scionco and ToclnoIogy,
Govornmonl of India, oslabIislod in 1942 vill objoclivos lo provido scionlific and
induslriaI R&D llal maximizos llo oconomic, onvironmonlaI and sociolaI bonofils for
llo poopIo of India.
oslabIislod on 3rd Augusl, 1954 is
ongagod in llo dovoIopmonl of nucIoar povor loclnoIogy, appIicalions of radialion
loclnoIogios in llo fioIds of agricuIluro, modicino, induslry, and basic rosoarcl.
NucIoar fuoI fabricalion for povor roaclors and rosoarcl roaclors is dono rospoclivoIy
al llo NucIoar IuoI CompIox, Hydorabad, and BARC. In llo dovoIopmonl of nov
fuoIs, BARC and IGCAR aro ongagod.
BARC las sol up llo Advancod IuoI Iabricalion IaciIily (AIII) al Tarapur. Tlo MOX
fuoI producod loro las givon salisfaclory porformanco.
Conslruclion of a Zirconim Oxido IIanl for onlancing llo produclion capacily of
zirconium oxido povdor is undor vay.
Tlo Hoavy Walor Board (HWB) of DAI is rosponsibIo for buiIding and oporaling
loavy valor pIanls in llo counlry. Tlo Board las sovon loavy valor pIanls in llo
counlry. Bosidos mooling domoslic noods of loavy valor, llo board las aIso oxporlod
loavy valor.
An indopondonl body, llo monilors
safoly. Tlo safoly slandards formuIalod by ARIB aro on par vill lloso
rocommondod by llo inlornalionaI organizalions sucl as llo InlornalionaI Alomic
InorgyAgoncy (IAIA) and llo InlornalionaI Commission on RadioIogicaI Iroloclion
(ICRI).
Radioisolopos and lloir formuIalions find vido appIicalions in diagnosis, llorapy
and loaIll caro. BARC and BRIT aro llo main conlros of llis aclivily.
INDIA 2011
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Aryablalla ApriI 19, 1975 Cosmos BaiIanur Scionlific
BlasIara I }uno 7, 1979 Cosmos BaiIanur Goosurvoy
Rolini Aug. 10, 1979 SIV-3 SrilariIola Goosurvoy
Rolini-D-1 }uIy 18, 1980 SIV-3 SrilariIola Goosurvoy
Rolini May 31, 1981 SIV-3 SrilariIola Communicalion
AppIo }uno 19, 1981 Ariano Kourou Goosurvoy
BlasIara II Nov 20, 1981 Cosmos BaiIanur Communicalion
INSAT-IA ApriI 10, 1982 DoIla Amorica Scionlific
ApriI 17, 1983 S. I. V-3 D2 SrilariIola Communicalion
INSAT-1B Aug 30, 1933 Spaco SlullIo Amorica ToclnoIogicaI
SROSSI Marcl 24, 1987 ASCV-D1 SrilariIola Romolo sonsing
1RS-IA Marcl 17, 1988 VOSTOK BaiIanur ToclnoIogicaI
SROSS II }uIy 13, 1988 ASIV-D2 SrilariIola Communicalion
INSAT-1C }uIy 21, 1988 Ariano-4 Kaurou Communicalion
INSAT-1D }uno 12, 1990 DoIla Amorica Romolo sonsing
IRS-1B Aug. 29, 1991 VosloI BaiIanur MuIlipurposo
INSAT-2A }uIy 10, 1992 Ariano-4 Kourou MuIlipurposo
INSAT-2B }uIy 23, 1993 Ariano-4 Kourou Romolo sonsing
IRS-I1 Sop. 20, 1993 ISIV-D1 SrilariIola Scionlific
SROSS-1V May 4, 1994 ASIV-D3 SrilariIola Romolo sonsing
IRS I
2
Ocl. 15, 1994 ISIV-D2 SrilariIola MuIlipurposo
INSAT-2C Doc. 7, 1995 Ariano-4 Kourou Romolo sonsing
IRS-1C Doc. 28, 1995 MoIonia BaiIanur Romolo sonsing
IRS-I3 Mar. 21, 1996 ISIV-D3 SrilariIola Communicalion
INSAT-2D }uno 4, 1997 Ariano-4 Kourou Romolo sonsing
IRS-1D Sop. 29, 1997
:
ISIV-C1 SrilariIola MuIlipurposo
INSAT-2I Apr. 3, 1999 Ariano-4 Kourou Romolo sonsing
IR3-I
4
May 4, 1999 ISIV-C2 SrilariIola Communicalion
INSAT-3B Mar. 22, 2000 Ariano-5 Kourou Communicalion
GSAT-1 Mar. 28, 2001 GSIV-D1 SrilariIola Communicalion
G-SAT-1 ApriI 18, 2001 GSIV-D1 SrilariIola Communicalion
INSAT-3C }an. 24, 2002 Ariano-4 Kourou Communicalion
MATSAT Sopl. 11, 2002 ISIVC-4 SrilariIola MolooroIogy
INSAT-3A ApriI 10, 2003 Ariano-5 Kourou Communicalion
GSAT-2 May. 8, 2003 GSIV-D2 SrilariIola Communicalion
IDUSAT Sopl. 20, 2004 GSIV-I01 SrilariIola Iducalion
CARTOSAT May 5, 2005 ISIV-C6 SriIariIola Mapping
HAMSAT May 5, 2005 ISIV-C6 SrilariIola Communicalion
INDIA 2011
284
CARTOSAT-2 }an. 10, 2007 ISIV-C7 SrilariIola Mapping
SRI-1 }an. 10, 2007 ISIV-C7 SrilariIola IxporimonlaI
INSAT-4B Mar. 12, 2007 Ariano-5 Kourou Communicalion
AGIII Apr. 23, 2007 ISIV-C8 SrilariIola Aslronomy
Tocl SAR }an. 21, 2008 ISIV-C10 SrilariIola SurvoiIIanco
CARTOSAT-2A Apr. 28, 2008 ISIV-C9 SrilariIola Mapping
IMS-1 Apr. 28, 2008 ISIV-C9 SrilariIola Romolo Sonsing
CHANDRAYAAN-1 Ocl. 22, 2008 ISIV-C11 SrilariIola Moon Mission
RISAT-2 Apr. 4, 2009 ISIV-C12 SrilariIola Obsorvalion
OCIANSAT-2 Sopl. 23, 2009 ISIV-C14 SrilariIola Obsorvalion
Carlosal--2B }uIy 12, 2010 ISIV-C15 SrilariIola Mapping
LAUNCH VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
In llo fioId of Iauncl volido loclnoIogy, India las ovoIvod a four-slago dovoIopmonl
programmo.
In llo firsl slago SIV-3 (SaloIIilo Iauncling VolicIo-3) vas dovoIopod. Rolini saloIIilo
vas Iaunclod vill ils loIp.
In llo socond slago ASIV (Augmonlod SaloIIilo Iauncl VolicIo) vas dovoIopod.
In llo llird slago ISIV (IoIar SaloIIilo Iauncl VolicIo) vas dovoIopod in vlicl Iiquid
propoIIanl vas usod for llo firsl limo aIong vill soIid propoIIanls.
In llo fourll slago GSIV (Goo-slalionary Iauncl VolicIo) vas dovoIopod. Ils socond
and fourll slago usos cryogonic onginos. Tloy uso Iiquid lydrogon as fuoI al 253C
and Iiquid oxygon al 183 C as oxidisor.
-
SIV-3 Rolini 10 Aug., 1979 UnsuccossfuI
SIV-3 Rolini 18 }uIy, 1980 SuccossfuI
SIV-3 Rolini 31 May, 1980 UnsuccossfuI
SIV-3 Rolini 17 ApriI, 1983 SuccossfuI
ASIV-D1 SROSS-1 24 Marcl, 1987 UnsuccossfuI
ASIV-D2 SROSS-2 13 }uIy, 1988 UnsuccossfuI
ASIV-D3 SROSS-3 20 May, 1992 SuccossfuI
ISIV-D1 IRS-I1 20 Sop., 1993 UnsuccossfuI
ISIV-D2 IRS-I2 15 Ocl., 1994 SuccossfuI
ISIV-D3 IRS-I3 21 Marcl, 1996 SuccossfuI
ISIV-C1 IRS-1D 29 Sop., 1997. SuccossfuI
ISIV-C2 IRS-I4 26 May, 1999 SuccossfuI
GSIV-D1 GSAT 28 Marcl, 2001 UnsuccossfuI
INDIA 2011
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-
GSIV-D1 GSAT 18 ApriI, 2001 SuccossfuI
GSIV-D2 GSAT-2 8 May, 2003 SuccossfuI
ISIV-C5 Rosourcosal-1 17 Ocl., 2003 SuccossfuI
GSIV-I01 IDUSAT 20 Sopl., 2004 SuccossfuI
ISIV-C6 CARTOSAT-1 5 May, 2005 SuccossfuI
and HAMSAT
GSVI-I2 INSAT-4C 10 }uIy, 2006 UnsuccossfuI
ISIV-C7 CARTOSAT-2 10 }an., 2007 SuccossfuI
and SRI-1
Ariano-5 INSAT-4B Mar. 12, 2007 SuccossfuI
ISIV-C8 AGIII Apr. 23, 2007 SuccossfuI
ISIV-C10 Tocl SAR }an. 21, 2008 SuccossfuI
ISIV-C9 CARTOSAT-2A Apr. 28, 2008 SuccossfuI
ISIV-C9 IMS-1 Apr. 28, 2008 SuccossfuI
ISIV-C11 CHANDRA YAAN-1 Ocl. 22, 2008 SuccossfuI
ISIV-C12 RISAT-2 Apr. 20, 2009 SuccossfuI
ISIV-C14 OCIANSAT-2 Sopl. 23, 2009 SuccossfuI
GSIV-I06 GSAT-5I Doc. 25, 2010 UnsuccossfuI
ISIV-C15 CARTOSAT-2B }uIy 12, 2010 SuccossfuI
GSIV-D3 GSAT-4 ApriI 15, 2010 UnsuccossfuI
(Mains) Examination
Topic wise Papers- 20+ years
(Optional)
UPSC
INDIA 2011
286
Transport
26
-
DiosoI Iocomolivos WorIs Varanasi
Clillaranjan Iocomolivo WorIs Clillaranjan
InlograI Coacl Iaclory Clonnai
RaiI Coacl Iaclory KapurllaIa
RaiI WlooI Iaclory BangaIoro
Bordor Roads Organisalion 1960 Il slarlod ils oporalions in May, 1960
vill jusl lvo Irojocls: Irojocl TusIor
(ronamod Irojocl VarlaI) in llo oasl and
Irojocl Boacon in llo vosl)
IBS CoIIogo of Advanco Mumbai
Marilimo Sludios and Rosoarcl
Slipping Corporalion of India 1961 Conforrod a Mini Ralna slalus
Marilimo Training Inslilulo Iovai, Modorn lraining faciIily so as lo
Mumbai onsuro llal llo sIiII and oxporliso of
SCI porsonnoI al inlornalionaI IovoI.
Coclin Slipyard Ild. 1972, Coclin
Hinduslan Slipyard Ild. VisaIlapalnam HSI is llo firsl slip buiIding yard in
llo counlry vlicl vas avardod
ISO : 9001 corlificalion.
HooglIy DocI and Iorl KoIIalam, Il las lvo vorIing unil in Hovral
Inginoors Ild. 1984 Dislricl of WB, ono al SaIIia and ollor
al Nazirgongo.
INDIA 2011
287
Transporlalion pIays an imporlanl roIo in llo dovoIopmonl of counlry. Tlo Minislry of
Slipping, Minislry of Road Transporl and Higlvays is rosponsibIo for llo formalion and
impIomonlalion of poIicios and programmos for llo dovoIopmonl of various modos of
lransporl savo llo raiIvays and llo civiI avialion.
RAILWAYS
Tlo RaiIvays in India provido llo principaI modo of lransporlalion for froigll and
passongors. Tlo firsl lrain sloamod off from Mumbai lo Tlano in 1853. Nov il las pIayod
a vilaI roIo in llo oconomic, induslriaI and sociaI dovoIopmonl of llo counlry.
-
Norll-Iasl Ironlior MaIigaon (Guvalali)
Soullorn Clonnai
Soull ConlraI Socundorabad
Soull-Iaslorn KoIIala
Woslorn Clurcl Galo, Mumbai
Iasl ConlraI RaiIvay Hajipur
Iasl Coasl RaiIvay Blubanoslvar
Norll ConlraI RaiIvay AIIalabad
Norll-Woslorn RaiIvay }aipur
Soull-Iasl ConlraI RaiIvay BiIaspur
Soull-Woslorn RaiIvay HubIi
Wosl ConlraI RaiIvay }abaIpur
Sinco llo incoplion of llo pIannod ora in 195051, Indian RaiIvays lavo impIomonlod
nino fivo-yoar pIans, aparl from annuaI pIans in somo yoars.
Tloro aro oIovon pubIic undorlaIings undor llo adminislralivo conlroI of llo Minislry
of RaiIvays.
1. RaiI India ToclnicaI and Iconomic Sorvico Iimilod (RITIS)
2. Indian RaiIvay Conslruclion (IRCON) InlornalionaI Iimilod
3. Indian RaiIvay Iinanco Corporalion Iimilod (IRIC)
4. Conlainor Corporalion of India Iimilod (CONCOR)
5. KonIan RaiIvay Corporalion Iimilod (KRCI)
6. Indian RaiIvay Caloring and Tourism Corporalion Iimilod (IRCTC)
7. RaiIloI Corporalion of India Ild. (RaiI ToI)
8. Mumbai RaiI ViIas Nigam Ild. (MRVNI)
9. RaiI ViIas Nigam Iimilod (RVNI)
10. Dodicalod Iroigll Corridor Corporalion of India Ild. (DICCII)
11. Blaral Wagon and Inginooring Co. Ild. (BWII)
INDIA 2011
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1. DiosoI Iocomolivo WorIs (DIW), Varanasi
2. Clillaranjan Iocomolivo WorIs (CIW), Clillaranjan
3. RaiI Coacl Iaclory (RCI), KapurllaIa
4. InlograI Coacl Iaclory (ICI), Iorumbur, ClonnaI
5. RaiI WlooI Iaclory (RWI), BangaIoro
6. DiosoI Ioco Modornizalion WorIs, IaliaIa
Indian RaiIvays las slarlod manufacluring of IHB dosignod ligl-spood Iigll voigll
coaclos al
Tlo - - - is llo R&D
ving of Indian RaiIvays.
Sinco 192425, raiIvay financos romain soparalod from gonoraI rovonuos. Tloy lavo lloir
ovn funds and accounls and llo RaiIvay Budgol is prosonlod soparaloIy lo IarIiamonl.
ROADS
India las ono of llo Iargosl road nolvorIs in llo vorId. Tlo counlrys road nolvorI consisls
of - - - - -.
Tlougl llo NalionaI Higlvays, vlicl is llo rosponsibiIily of llo ConlraI Govornmonl, las
aboul 70,548 Im Iongll and comprisos onIy 2 por conl of llo lolaI Iongll of roads, carrios
ovor 40 por conl of llo lolaI lraffic across llo Iongll and broadll of llo counlry.
TradilionaIIy, llo road projocls voro financod onIy oul of llo budgolary granls and voro
conlroIIod/suporvisod by llo Govornmonl. Bul nov pubIic-pvl. Iarlnorslip pIays an impor-
lanl roIo in llis rogard.
Tlo boginning of a significanl privalo soclor parlicipalion in road projocls vas mado
vill llo Iauncling of Indias Iargosl road projocl -

NalionaI Higlvays
Slalo Higlvays
Oporalion & Mainlonanco of Higlvays
NalionaI Higlvays (Six Ianing)
Urban RaiI Traroil Sysloms
Non-Molro Airporls
GroonfioId Airporls
Iorl TorminaIs
Oporalion of Conlainor Trains
Ro-dovoIopmonl of RaiIvay Slalions
Irocuromonl-cum-Mainlonanco Agroomonl for Iocomolivos
Transmission of IIoclricily
INDIA 2011
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ModoI Roquosl for QuaIificalion (RIQ) for III Irojocls
ModoI Roquosl for IroposaI (RII) for III Irojocls
ModoI Roquosl for IroposaI (RII) for SoIoclion of ToclnicaI ConsuIlanls
ModoI Roquosl for IroposaI (RII) for SoIoclion of IogaI Advisors
ModoI Roquosl for IroposaI (RII) for SoIoclion of IinanciaI ConsuIlanls & Transaclion
Advisors
ModoI Roquosl for IroposaI (RII) for SoIoclion of Transmission ConsuIlanls
ModoI Roquosl for IroposaI (RII) for SoIoclion of IinanciaI ConsuIlanls and Transaclion
Advisors
GuidoIinos for IinanciaI Supporl lo IIIs in Infraslrucluro (VGI Sclomo)
GuidoIinos on IormuIalion, AppraisaI and ApprovaI of III Irojocls (IIIAC)
GuidoIinos for IslabIisling }oinl Vonluros in Infraslrucluro Soclors
GuidoIinos for Moniloring of III Irojocls
Sclomo for Iinancing Infraslrucluro Irojocls llrougl llo India Infraslrucluro Iinanco
Company Ild.
ManuaI of Spocificalions & Slandards for Tvo-Ianing of Higlvays
ManuaI of Spocificalions & Slandards for Iour-Ianing of Higlvays
Some Illustrative PPP Projects
1. BangaIoro InlornalionaI Airporl, KarnalaIa
2. Rajiv Gandli InlornalionaI Airporl, Hydorabad
3. Indira Gandli InlornalionaI Airporl, Nov DoIli
4. Cllalrapali Slivaji InlornalionaI Airporl, Mumbai
5. Ianing of }aipurKislangarl NalionaI Higlvay
6. 8/6 Ianing of DoIliGurgaon Ixprossvay
7. HydorabadVijayvada NalionaI Higlvay
8. Offsloro Conlainor Borlls, Mumbai Harbour
9. Doop Drafl Iron Oro Borll, Iaradip Iorl
10. Moga Conlainor TorminaI, Clonnai
11. MuIli-purposo Cargo Borlls, KandIa
12. Hydorabad Molro RaiI Irojocl, Hydorabad
13. CoIaba Bandra Molro Corridor Iino-III, Mumbai
14. }lajjar Iovor Transmission Irojocl, Haryana
INDIA 2011
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15. Mundra Iorl, Gujaral
16. Iipavav Iorl, Gujaral
17. Gangavaram Iorl, Andlra Iradosl
18. Krislnapuram Iorl, Andlra Iradosl
19. Vadodara-Blarucl Slalo Higlvay, Gujaral
20. Indoro-IdoIabad Slalo Higlvay, Madlya Iradosl
21. Yodsli-Ialur-Nandod Slalo Higlvay, Malarasllra
22. }aipur-BliIvara Slalo Higlvay, Rajasllan
23. DoIli Woslorn IoriploraI Ixprossvay (KMI Ixprossvay), Haryana .
24. Bridgo across Rivor Godavari bolvoon Yanam IduruIanIa, Andlra Iradosl
An aIIocalion of ` 16,680 croro las boon mado undor llo CRI for 200910 vill llo
foIIoving broaI-up:
1. NalionaI Higlvays ` 8578.45 cr.
2. RuraI Roads ` 4843.13 cr.
3. RaiIvays ` 958.36 cr
4. Granl lo Slalo Govornmonls and UTs for Slalo roads ` 2070.06 cr.
5. Granl lo Slalos & UTs for Roads of Inlor-Slalo ` 230.00 cr.
Connoclivily and Iconomic Imporlanco
` 16,680 Cr.
- - - aro undor llo rosponsibiIily
of rospoclivo Slalo Govornmonls, lloso aro dovoIopod and mainlainod by various agoncios
in Slalo and Union Torrilorios.
1. Tlo main llrusl of rosoarcl and dovoIopmonl (R&D) in llo roads soclor is lo buiId
a suslainabIo road infraslrucluro comparabIo lo llo bosl roads in llo vorId.
2. - vas concoivod and raisod in llo yoar 1960
by Iandil }avalarIaI Nolru.
3. Tlo BRO vas onlruslod vill llo conslruclion of llo 215 Im Iong road DoIaram-
Zaranj in Afglanislan by Govornmonl of India. IncidonlaIIy, llis is llo firsl larmac
road in Nimroz Irovinco of Afglanislan.
4. Tlo vorI on conslruclion of a 8.8 Im Iong Rollang lunnoI is in an advancod slago
of londoring aclion.
5. Iour Ianing of NH-1A from Vijaypur lo Kunjvani (17.2 Im) undor IMs NalionaI
Higlvay DovoIopmonl Irogrammo of Norll-Soull Corridor las boon compIolod
oxcopl lvo bridgos and ono undorpass.
6. Conslruclion and mainlonanco of 160 Im Iong Tamu-KaIomyo-KaIova road in Myanmar.
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SHIPPING
1. Slipping pIays an imporlanl roIo in llo lransporl soclor of Indias oconomy.
ApproximaloIy, 90 por conl of llo counlrys lrado by voIumo (70 por conl in lorms
of vaIuo) is movod by soa. India las llo Iargosl morclanl slipping fIool among llo
dovoIoping counlrios and ranIs 20ll amongsl llo counlrios vill llo Iargosl cargo
carrying fIool.
2. Tlo saIionl foaluros of Indias slipping poIicy aro llo promolion of nalionaI slipping
lo incroaso soIf-roIianco in llo carriago of llo counlrys ovorsoas lrado. Tloro las
boon an incroaso of 1.89 por conl miIIion GT in llo lonnago during llo Iasl four
yoars.
3. - CoaslaI slipping is an onorgy-officionl, onvironmonl-friondIy
and oconomicaI modo of lransporl in llo Indian lransporl nolvorI and a cruciaI
compononl for llo dovoIopmonl of domoslic induslry and lrado. India, vill lor
7,517 Im Iong coaslIino sluddod vill 13 major porls and 200 non-major porls
providos congoniaI and favorabIo condilions for llo dovoIopmonl of llis aIlornalo
modo of lransporl.
4. Tlo Diroclor GonoraI of Slipping is rosponsibIo for croalion
of llo lrainod manpovor roquirod for llo morclanl navy fIool of llo counlry. Tlo
imporlanco of organisod lraining vas rocognisod in llo yoar 1927 vlon llo
Training Slip Dufforin vas oslabIislod. In addilion lo llo llis, lloro aro aboul
124 lraining inslilulos in llo privalo soclor approvod by llo Diroclor GonoraI of
Slipping.
5. Tlo Slipping Corporalion of India Ild. (SCI) vas formod on 2nd Oclobor, 1961. Tlo
SCI vas conforrod Mini Ralna slalus by llo Govornmonl of India on 24ll Iobruary,
2000.
6. Tlo lraining of porsonnoI acquirod a nov dimonsion vill llo solling up of a Marilimo
Training Inslilulo (MTI) al Iovai, Mumbai.
7. MTI las boon avardod llo covolod GoIdon IoacocI Avard for oxcoIIonco in Training.
8. - Tlo Govornmonl of India llrougl llo
Minislry of Slipping docidod lo sol up a SpociaI Iurposo VolicIo (SIV) in llo namo
and slyIo - (SCI) lo raiso financo and lo
undorlaIo sucl ollor aclivilios as may bo nocossary lo faciIilalo croalion and oporalion
of a navigabIo clannoI from GuIf of Mannar lo Bay of BongaI llrougl IaII Bay
(Sollusamudram Slip ClannoI).
9. Silualod in llo voslorn coasl of India in llo cily of Coclin, Slalo of KoraIa,
is llo Iargosl slipyard in llo counlry.
10. Tlo - - vas incorporalod as a joinl
slocI company in 1934, undor llo namo M/s Gardon Roacl WorIslop Iimilod (GRW).
Tlo Govornmonl of India acquirod llo company in 1960. Il vas ronamod as Gardon
Roacl SlipbuiIdors & Inginoors Iimilod (GRSI) on 1sl }anuary, 1977.
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11. - , VisaIlapalnam vas sol up in 1941 in llo
privalo soclor and vas laIon ovor by llo Govornmonl in 1952.
12. - (HDIII), KoIIala bocamo a ConlraI
IubIic Soclor UndorlaIing in 1984.
13. India las aboul - vlicl compriso rivors, canaIs,
bacIvalors, crooIs, olc. Aboul 50 miIIion lonnos of cargo corrosponding lo 2.82 biIIion
lonno Im vas lransporlod in 200506 by InIand Walor Transporl (IWT). Ils oporalions
aro curronlIy roslriclod lo a fov slrolclos in llo Ganga-Blagiralli-HooglIy Rivors,
llo Bralmapulra, llo BaraI Rivor, llo rivors in Goa, llo bacIvalors in KoraIa.
14. Tlo - (IWAI) camo inlo oxislonco on 27ll
Oclobor, 1986 for dovoIopmonl and roguIalion of inIand valorvays for slipping and
navigalion.
15. - Tlo Ganga bolvoon AIIalabadHaIdia (1620 Im) llo Sadiya-
Dlubri slrolcl of rivor Bralmapulra (891 Im) and llo KoIIam-Kollapuram slrolcl
of Wosl Coasl CanaI aIong vill ClampaIara and UdyogmandaI CanaIs (205 Im) in
KoraIa lavo so far boon docIarod as NalionaI Walorvays and aro boing dovoIopod
for navigalion by IWAI.
CIVIL AVIATION
Tlo Minislry of CiviI Avialion is rosponsibIo for llo formuIalion of nalionaI poIicios and
programmos for dovoIopmonl and roguIalion of civiI avialion and for dovising and im-
pIomonling sclomos for ordorIy grovll and oxpansion of civiI air lransporl.
India las boon a mombor of - (ICAO) and
is aIso on llo CounciI of ICAO sinco ils incoplion.
Tlo Air Transporl Companios aro boll in llo pubIic soclor and in llo privalo soclor.
India las biIaloraI Air Sorvicos Agroomonls vill 104 counlrios. RoconlIy, Nov Air Sorvicos,
Agroomonls lavo boon signod/iniliaIod vill Moxico, CliIo and Bosnia & Horzigovina.
Tlo las boon accodod by llo Govornmonl of India and il las
como inlo forco v.o.f. 1.7.2008. Tlo principaI objoclivo of llo Convonlion/IrolocoI is llo
officionl financing of mobiIo oquipmonl.
India las accodod lo on 1sl May, 2009. Accossion lo llis
Convonlion slaII faciIilalo liglor componsalion and fifll Slalo jurisdiclion lo inlornalionaI
air passongors lo/from India.
Some Major Developments in Civil Aviation Sector
IDI norms lavo boon IiboraIisod, aIIoving 100 porconl IDI llrougl llo aulomalic
roulo for solling up groon fioId airporl projocls.
A poIicy for conslruclion of GroonfioId airporls, addrossing procoduro for approvaI
of groonfioId airporls villin 150 Ims of oxisling airporls, airporls for cargo and or
non scloduIod fIiglls and for loIiporls, las boon pul in pIaco.
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Tlo Airporl Iconomic RoguIalory Aullorily (AIRA) las boon oslabIislod. Tlo
funclions lo bo carriod oul by AIRA incIudo fixing, rovioving and approving lariff
slrucluro for llo aoronaulicaI sorvicos and usors foos vlicl may bo Ioviod by llo
sorvico providors for airporl dovoIopmonl and moniloring proscribod porformanco
slandards roIaling lo quaIily, conlinuily and roIiabiIily of sorvico.
Tlo lvo nalionaI carriors Air India Ild. and Indian airIinos lavo boon morgod lo
oplimiso fIool acquisilion, Iovorago llo assol baso, slrongllon nolvorI and acliovo
oconomy of scaIos.
In ordor lo addross llo aculo slorlago of oporalionaI manpovor in avialion soclor,
Indira Gandli Rasllriya Udyan Acadomy (IGRUA) las boon upgradod and a nov
fIying lraining inslilulo al Gondia las boon oslabIislod and llo managomonl las boon
passod on lo llo CAI fIigll Training (India) Irivalo Iimilod, a vloIIy ovnod
subsidiary of CAI Inc, Canada.
(BCAS) vas iniliaIIy sol up as a CoII in llo DGCA
in }anuary, 1978 on llo rocommondalion of llo Iando Commilloo conslilulod in llo vaIo
of llo lijacIing of an Indian AirIinos fIigll lon 10ll Soplombor, 1976. Tlo BCAS las ils
loadquarlors in Nov DoIli and 4 RogionaI Officos Iocalod al DoIli, Mumbai, KoIIala and
Clonnai airporls.
Tlo BCAS las four Bomb Doloclion and DisposaI Squads (BDDS) posilionod al Inlor-
nalionaI Airporls of DoIli, Mumbai, KoIIala and Clonnai vill Ialosl soplislicalod oquip-
monl IiIo Robol.
Tlo - Iocalod al Iursalganj (UI) is an Aulon-
omous Body undor Govornmonl of India, Minislry of CiviI Avialion.
GIS Aidod Goo Augmonlod Navigalion is an augmonlalion syslom lo
onlanco llo accuracy and inlogrily of GIS signaIs lo mool procision approacl roquiro-
monls in CiviI Avialion and is boing impIomonlod joinlIy by AAI and ISRO in llroo
plasos.
(BIAI) is llo 1sl groon airporl. Il las boon docidod lo
oslabIisl a - -
- - (IHHI) an ISO 9001:2000 corlifiod company, is ono of
Indias Ioading loIicoplor companios and is Inovn for ils roIiabIo loIicoplor oporalions.
Tlo company vas incorporalod in 1985 vill llo objoclivo of providing loIicoplor sorvicos
lo llo polroIoum soclor, IinIing inaccossibIo aroas of llo counlry and oporaling clarlors
for promolion of lourism.
- is a Ioador in providing offsloro loIicoplor supporl in India. Ils loIicoplors
fIy undor a varioly of condilions for carrying oul ONGC lasIs al Bombay Higl. Tlo
company las providod loIicoplors lo Andaman & Nicobar IsIands and IaIsladvoop
IsIands for inlor-isIand loIicoplor sorvicos.
INDIA 2011
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1. Andlra Iradosl 4, 5, 7, 9, 16, 18, 43, 63, 202, 205, 214, 214A, 219, 221 & 222 4472
2. ArunaclaI Iradosl 52, 52A & 153 392
3. Assam 31, 31B, 31C, 36, 37, 37A, 38, 39, 44, 51, 52, 52A, 52B, 53,
54, 61, 62, 151, 152, 153 & 154 2836
4. Bilar 2, 2C, 19, 28, 28A, 30, 30A, 31, 57, 77, 80, 81, 82, 85, 98,
99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107 & 110 3642
5. Clandigarl 21 24
6. Cllallisgarl 6, 12A, 16, 43, 78, 111, 200, 202, 216, 217 & 221 2184
7. DoIli 1, 2, 8, 10 & 24 72
8. Goa 4A, 17, 17A & 17B 269
9. Gujaral NI-1, 6, 8, 8A, 8B, 8C, 8D, 8I, 14, 15, 59, 113 & 228 3245
10. Haryana 1, 2, 8, 10, 21A, 22, 64, 65, 71, 71A, 72, 73, 73A, 71B, NI-II 1512
11. HimaclaI Iradosl 1A, 20, 21, 21A, 22, 70, 72, 88 & 73A 1208
12. }ammu & Kaslmir 1A, 1B, 1C & 1D 1245
13. }larIland 2, 6, 23, 31, 32, 33, 75, 78, 80, 98, 99 & 100 1805
14. KarnalaIa 4, 4A, 7, 9, 13, 17, 48, 63, 67, 206, 207, 209, 212 & 218 3843
15. KoraIa 17, 47, 47A, 49, 208, 212, 213 & 220 1440
16. Madlya Iradosl 3, 7, 12, 12A, 25, 26, 26A, 27, 59, 59A, 69, 75, 76, 78, 86 & 92 4670
17. Malarasllra 3, 4, 4B, 4C, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 16, 17, 50, 69, 204, 211 & 222 4176
18. Manipur 39, 53, 150 & 155 959
19. MoglaIaya 40, 44, 51 & 62 810
20. Mizoram 44A, 54, 54A, 54B, 150 & 154 927
21. NagaIand 36, 39, 61, 150 & 155 494
22. Odisla 5, 5A, 6, 23, 42, 43, 60, 75, 200, 201, 203, 203A, 215, 217 & 224 3704
23. Iuduclorry 45A, 66 53
24. Iunjab 1, 1A, 10, 15, 20, 21, 22, 64, 70, 71, 72 & 95 1557
25. Rajasllan 3, 8, 11, 11A, 11B, 12, 14, 15, 65, 71B, 76, 79, 79A, 89, 90, 112,
113, 114 & 116 5585
26. SiIIim 31A 62
27. TamiI Nadu 4, 5, 7, 7A, 45, 45A, 45B, 45C, 46, 47, 47B, 49, 66, 67, 68,
205, 208, 209, 210, 219, 220, 226 & 227 4462
28. Tripura 44 & 44A 400
29. UllaranclaI 58, 72, 72A, 73, 74, 87, 94, 108, 109, 123, 119, 121, 87 Ixl & 125 1991
30. Ullar Iradosl 2, 2A, 3, 7, 11, 12A, 19, 24, 24A, 24B, 25, 26, 27, 28, 28B, 28C,
29, 56, 56A, 56B, 58, 72A, 73, 74, 75, 76, 86, 87, 91, 91A, 92,
93, 96, 97, 119 & NI-II 5874
31. Wosl BongaI 2, 2B, 6, 31, 31A, 31C, 32, 34, 35, 41, 55, 60, 60A, 80, 81 & 117 2377
32. Andaman & Nicobar 223 300

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- Tloso lvo plasos compriso GoIdon QuadriIaloraI (GQ), Norll-
Soull and Iasl-Wosl corridor (NSIW), Iorl Connoclivily and Ollor Irojocls.
SpociaI AccoIoralod Road DovoIopmonl Irogrammo for Norll Iaslorn
rogion (SARDINI) aims al improving road connoclivily lo slalo capilaIs, dislricl
loadquarlors and romolo pIacos of NI rogion.
Tlo ConlraI Govornmonl las croalod a dodicalod fund, caIIod ConlraI Road Iund
from coIIoclion of coss from polroI an diosoI. IrosonlIy, ` 2/ por Iilro is coIIoclod
as coss on polroI and Higl Spood DiosoI (HSD) OiI. Tlo fund is dislribulod for
dovoIopmonl and mainlonanco of NalionaI Higlvays, Slalo Roads, RuraI Roads and
for provision of road ovorbridgos/undor bridgos and ollor safoly foaluros al unmannod
RaiIvay Crossings as providod in ConlraI Road Iund Acl, 2000.
Tlo NalionaI Marilimo DovoIopmonl Irogrammo las boon formuIalod by llo Minislry
of Slipping onvisaging an invoslmonl of ` 1,00,339.00 croro, comprising 276 projocls
covoring aII major porls onlaiIing aclivilios IiIo conslruclion/Upgradalion of borlls,
dooponing of clannoIs, raiI/road connoclivily projocls, olc.
Tlo Minislry of Slipping lavo sol up an Indian Marilimo Univorsily (IMU) on 14ll
Novombor, 2008 in Clonnai vill campusos al Clonnai, KoIIala, Mumbai and
VisaIlapalnam as a ConlraI Univorsily llrougl (MU Acl, 2008 (22 lo 2008).
Tlo Govornmonl of India llrougl llo Minislry of Slipping las sol up a SpociaI
Iurposo VolicIo (SIV) in llo namo and slyIo Sollusamudram Corporalion Iimilod
(SCI) lo raiso financo and lo undorlaIo sucl ollor aclivilios as may bo nocossary
lo faciIilalo croalion and oporalion of a navigabIo clannoI from GuIf of Mannar lo
Bay of BongaI llrougl IaII Bay (Sollusamudram Slip ClannoI). Tlis projocl is
fundod by vay of oquily conlribulions from various ISUs and Iorls.
Silualod in llo soull voslorn coasl of India in llo cily of Kocli, Slalo of KoraIa, Coclin
Slipyard is llo Iargosl slipyard in llo counlry. Incorporalod in llo yoar 1972, Coclin
Slipyard can buiId slips uplo 1,10,000 DWT and ropair slips uplo 1,25,000 DWT.
HooglIy DocI and Iorl Inginoors Iimilod (HDIII), KoIIala bocamo a ConlraI
IubIic Soclor UndorlaIing in 1984. Tlo Company las lvo vorIing unils in Hovral
Dislricl of Wosl BongaI, ono al SaIIia and anollor al Nazirgungo.
InIand valorvays Aullorily of India (IWAI) vas sol up in 1986 for roguIalion and
sliping and navigalion. IWAI is primariIy rosponsibIo for dovoIopmonl, mainlonanco
and roguIalion of NalionaI valorvays.
India las boon a mombor of llo InlornalionaI CiviI Avialion Organisalion (ICAO) and
is aIso on llo CounciI of ICAO sinco ils incoplion. Tlo civiI avialion soclor las llroo
main funclionaI divisions-roguIalory, infraslrucluraI and oporalionaI.
Airporls Aullorily of India (AAI) is a Ioador in buiIding airporl infraslrucluro aIong
llo Iongll and broadll of llo counlry incIuding romolo and far fIung aroas. Airporls
Aullorily of India camo inlo boing on 1sl ApriI, 1995. AAI managos 115 airporls
incIuding 23 CiviI InvIavos. In addilion, AAI providos CNS-ATM faciIilios al 11 ollor
airporls.
INDIA 2011
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GIS Aidod Goo Augmonlod Navigalion (GAGAN) is an augmonlalion syslom lo
onlanco llo accuracy and inlogrily of GIS signaIs lo mool procision approacl
roquiromonls in CiviI Avialion and il is boing impIomonlod joinlIy by AAI and ISRO
in llroo plasos.
RAILWAY BUDGET 201112
RaiIvay minislor Mamla Banorjoo on Iobruary, 25, 2011 prosonlod lor llird consoculivo
raiIvay budgol in llo IarIiamonl. Budgol laving llomo Aam Aadmi proposos no niIo
on passangors faros and froigll ralos.
Budgol allompls lo combino a slrong oconomic focus vill oquaI omplasis on sociaI
incIusion vill a luman faco.
Policy Initiatives
RaiIvays lavo dovoIopod sovoraI businoss-orionlod poIicios for llo firsl limo.
RaiIvays Infraslrucluro for Induslry Inilialivo (R3i)
Irivalo Iroigll TorminaI (IIT)
SpociaI Iroigll Train Oporalors (SITO)
AulomobiIo Iroigll Train Oporalors (AITO)
AulomobiIo and AnciIIary Hubs
Kisan Vision (CoId Clains)
Nov Caloring IoIicy
RaiI Connoclivily lo CoaI and Iron Oro minos (R2CI)
85 pubIicprivalo parlnorslip proposaIs rocoivod, SingIo Windov Syslom sol up lo
laIo forvard lloso proposaIs.
Rail Based Industries
Solling up of raiI-basod induslrios for mooling domand for roIIing slocI.
Tlo vorIs al Nov }aIpaiguri, Adra, }oIIinglam and KuIli laIon up in coIIaboralion
vill difforonl ISUs.
Iirsl coacl from Rao BaroIi coacl faclory lo bo roIIod oul in noxl llroo monlls.
Irojocls for suppIy of Iocomolivos, coaclos & crilicaI Ioco compononls boing laIon
forvard in many Iocalions.
Group of Officors vorIing on III/}V projocl modoIs.
WorI inilialod al Budgo Budgo, DanIuni, Naopara, Anara, Tindlaria, Nov Coocl
Bolar, Klaragpur, HaIdia, Guvalali and Kazipol.
Wagon faclory in Odisla lo laIon up, onco Iand idonlifiod.
ICI Ioramburs socond unil lo como up.
INDIA 2011
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Solling up of IaIaIIad coacl faclory.
Burn Slandard Company Iimilod and Braillvailo Company Iimilod brougll undor
Minislry of RaiIvays.
Solling up of a Bridgo Iaclory in }&K and an Inslilulo for TunnoI & Bridgo Inginooring
al }ammu.
Solling up of Molro Coacl Iaclory in Singur.
Solling up of a diosoI Iocomolivo conlro in Manipur.
Solling up of a Conlro of IxcoIIonco in soflvaro al DarjooIing.
Solling up of lvo vagon faclorios undor }V/III modo al KoIar & AIappuzla and
ono al Buniadpur.
Solling up of a faclory for manufacluring on-lracI maclinos and a nov lracI maclino
IOH faciIily al UIuboria.
Solling up of RaiI InduslriaI IarIs al }oIIinglam and Nov Bongaigaon.
A unil lo manufacluro car slooI bogios and coupIors llrougl }V bolvoon Burn
Slandard Co. Ild. and SAII aIroady inilialod in }oIIinglam IarI.
Solling up of 700 MW gas-basod povor pIanl al TlaIurIi in Malarasllra.
Solling up of addilionaI moclanizod Iaundry cIoaning unils al Nagpur, Clandigarl
and BlopaI. In 23 Iocalions Iaundrios aro undor inslaIIalion.
Expansion of Rail Infrastructure
700 Im of nov Iinos boing compIolod in 201011.
800 Im gaugo convorsion, 700 Im doubIing and 1,000 Im oIoclrificalion largollod
for compIolion in 201011.
Survoy of 94 oul of 114 sociaIIy dosirabIo nov Iinos compIolod.
A nov sclomo Iradlan Manlri RaiI ViIas Yojana lo slarl lo fund sociaIIy dosirabIo
projocls.
Conslruclion of 4 nov Iinos lo connocl unsorvod and undorsorvod rogions.
Incroaso in aIIocalion of 19 projocls in undor-dovoIopod and undorsorvod aroas lo
` 771 cr.
Non-IapsabIo fund for raiIvay projocls in Norll Iasl rogion croalod.
AII slalo capilaIs in llo Norll Iasl oxcopl SiIIim lo bo connoclod in noxl 7 yoars.
Dignity to the Poor
Irovision of smaII sloIlor llrougl SuIli Grila Sclomo lo lracI sido dvoIIors. 10,000
dvoIIing unils lo bo providod in Mumbai, SoaIdal, SiIiguri, TiruclirapaIIi olc. on piIol basis.
Annual Plan 201112
Higlosl ovor pIan oulIay of ` 57,630 cr.
Gross Budgolary Supporl ` 20,000 cr0
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DiosoI Coss ` 1,041 cr.
InlornaI Rosourcos ` 14,219 cr.
MarIol Borroving ` 20,594 cr, III/WIS ` 1,776 cr.
1,300 Im nov Iinos, 867 Im doubIing, 1017 Im gaugo convorsion largollod in
201112.
` 9,583 cr providod for nov Iinos, ` 5,406 cr for doubIing, ` 2,470 cr for gaugo
convorsion and ` 13,820 cr for acquisilion of roIIing slocI.
Safety and Security
Anli CoIIision Dovico (ACD) sanclionod lo covor 8 zonaI raiIvays.
AII unmannod IovoI crossings of TVU uplo 3000 lo bo oIiminalod. Conslruclion of
200 ROBs & 325 RUBs/subvays.
DopIoymonl of GIS-basod Iog Safo dovico.
Tvo nov lrains and lvo projocls as a spociaI pacIago lo slalos vlicl onsuro lroubIo
froo running of lrains.
AII India Socurily HoIp Iino on a singIo numbor sol up.
Green Initiatives
201112 lo bo Yoar of Groon Inorgy.
Rogonoralivo braIing in Mumbai IMUs.
Iroduclion of Iocos vill loloI Ioad convorlors.
Uso of soIar onorgy al IC galos and slalions, vindmiII al ICI Clonnai.
Uso of bio-diosoI, CNG and ING in Iocos arid vorIslops.
Iroo suppIy of 14 IaIl CIIs lo raiIvay lousoloIds.
Passenger/Rail Users Amenities
442 moro slalions upgradod as Adarsl Slalions.
236 moro slalions incIudod in llo Iisl of Adarsl Slalions
Moro MICs and Budgol HoloIs lo bo sol up al 45 Iocalions.
Inlroduclion of pan-India muIli-purposo Go India smarl card.
Tvo nov passongor lorminaIs in KoraIa and ono oacl in Ullar Iradosl & Wosl BongaI.
Bollor accossibiIily for plysicaIIy claIIongod cuslomors, oxlonsion of RaiI Yalri SovaIs
lo six moro slalions.
Nov porlaI for o-licIoling.
Inlornol accoss on Hovral-Rajdlani Ixpross on piIol basis.
Ixlonsion of Train Managomonl Syslom lo fivo slalions.
Inlroduclion of advanco booIing of Roliring Rooms.
INDIA 2011
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Inlroduclion of nov supor AC cIass of lravoI.
IoasibiIily sludy vill llo loIp of }apan lo raiso spood of passongor lrains lo 160
200 Impl.
Staff Welfare
Ixpanding llo scopo of IiboraIizod Aclivo Roliromonl Sclomo for Guaranlood
ImpIoymonl for safoly calogory slaff.
Ixlonding modicaI faciIilios lo boll dopondonl fallor and mollor.
Incroasing llo scloIarslip for girI cliId of group-D ompIoyoos lo ` 1,200 pm.
Solling up of RaiIvay VidyaIaya Irabandlan Board.
Irovision of 20 Road ModicaI Vans.
20 addilionaI losloIs for cliIdron of raiIvay ompIoyoos lo bo sol up.
Training and Recruitment
Rocruilmonl for 1.75 IaIl vacancios of group C and D inilialod, incIuding bacIIog
of SC/ST quola.
Moga rocruilmonl drivo on, 16,000 ox-sorvicomon lo bo induclod by ond of Marcl
2011.
Training Conlor lo bo sol up al Klaragpur.
Tlroo muIli-discipIinary lraining conlros lo bo sol up vill an oxcIusivo inlornalionaI
conlro al Agra.
Nov basic lraining conlro al Kursoong.
Iivo poIyloclnics lo bo sol up.
Sports
RaiIvay sporlsporson von 25 modaIs in llo CommonvoaIll Gamos 2010 and 7 oul
of 14 goIds von by India in llo Asian Gamos.
A soparalo sporls cadro lo bo croalod.
Cultural Activities
A spociaI SansIrili Ixpross oxlibilion lrain boing run lo commomoralo llo 150ll
Birll Annivorsary of Gurudov Rabindranall Tagoro is boing run vlicl viII aIso go
lo BangIadosl.
Running of VivoIananda Ixpross lo bo oxlondod for lvo moro yoars.
Financial Performance 201011
Disruplion of lrain movomonl rosuIlod in Ioss of ` 1,500 cr and ` 2,000 cr duo lo
ban on oxporl of iron oro.
INDIA 2011
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Ioading largol roducod by 20 MT lo 924 MT.
Gross Traffic Rocoipls fixod al ` 94,840 cr, liglor by ` 75 cr ovor Budgol Islimalos.
Ordinary WorIing Ixponsos fixod al ` 67,000 cr, an incroaso of ` 2,000 cr ovor Budgol
Islimalo.
Curronl dividond IiabiIily lo bo fuIIy disclargod.
Ixcoss of ` 4,105 cr.
Oporaling Ralio of 92.1 as comparod lo 92.3 in Budgol Islimalos.
Rovisod IIan OulIay of ` 40,315 cr.
Budget Estimates 201112
Iroigll Ioading of 993 MT and passongor grovll of 6.4.
Gross Traffic Rocoipls al ` 1,06,239 cr lo oxcood ono IaIl croro marI for llo firsl
limo.
Ordinary WorIing Ixponsos assossod al ` 73,650 cr.
Approprialion lo DRI al ` 7000 cr.
Irovision of ` 6,735 cr mado for dividond paymonl.
Ixcoss al ` 5,258 cr and Oporaling Ralio of 91.1.
Metropolitan Projects
Inliro soclion from MalanayaI Ullam Kumar lo Kavi Sublasl commissionod in
KoIIala.
34 nov sorvicos lo bo inlroducod in KoIIala Molro.
Coro commilloo sol up lo cIosoIy monilor progross of on-going vorIs al four soclions
of Molro RaiIvay KoIIala.
Sovon nov survoys for nov connoclivily of KoIIala Molro RaiIvay lo bo laIon up.
20-car MIMU lrains inlroducod on Norllorn RaiIvay.
DovoIopmonl of Inlogralod Suburban RaiIvay NolvorI in Iargo cilios.
Solling up of KoIIala RaiI ViIas Corporalion for upgrading onliro suburban syslom
of KoIIala.
Production Units
Capacily of DIW lo bo augmonlod lo 300 Iocos
Concessions
Concossion lo plysicaIIy landicappod porsons lo bo oxlondod on Rajdlani and
Slalabdi lrains.
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Concossion of 50 lo pross corrospondonls vill famiIy incroasod lo lvico a yoar.
Concossion lo Kirli and Slaurya ClaIra avardoos lo bo oxlondod lo Rajdlani and
Slalabdi lrains.
IaciIily of card passos lo bo oxlondod lo llo paronls of unmarriod posllumous Iaram
Vir ClaIra & AsloI ClaIra gaIIanlry avard vinnors.
Sonior cilizon concossion lo bo incroasod from 30 lo 40 for mon, vomon lo gol
sonior cilizon concossion from 58 yoars ago.
Wagon Procurement
Rocord procuromonl of 16,500 vagons boing dono in 201011.
Targol for 201112 Iopl al 18,000 vagons.
Dedicated Freight Corridors
Main Ioan agroomonl for Ilaso I of Woslorn Corridor of DIC signod vill }ICA.
DIC projocl viII bo compIolod as scloduIod.
New Lines/Gauge Conversion/Doubling
27 soclions of Nov Iinos of aboul 700 Im lo bo compIolod in 201011.
800 Im largol for gaugo convorsion lo bo mol vill vorI boing compIolod on 15
soclions.
700 Im largol of doubIing lo bo mol vill compIolion of 52 soclions.
40 soclions of Nov Iinos covoring 1,075 Im largolod lo bo compIolod in 201112.
A largol of 1,017 Im undor Gaugo convorsion covoring 20 soclions las boon fixod
for 201112.
DoubIing of 35 soclions covoring 867 Im lo bo dono in 201112.
190 survoys oul of 251 survoys announcod in 200910 and 201011 lo bo compIolod
by Marcl 2011.
Rail Tourism
In parlnorslip vill Minislry of Tourism, slalion improvomonl is pIannod on 50 : 50
cosl slaring basis al 24 slalions.
Suburban Services
47 addilionaI sorvicos lo bo slarlod for Mumbai suburban.
107 suburban sorvicos in Mumbai aroa lo bo augmonlod from 9-car lo 12-car raIos.
9 addilionaI sorvicos lo bo run in Clonnai aroa.
50 nov suburban sorvicos lo bo inlroducod in KoIIala aroa.
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Inlroduclion of poaI-limo IocaI lo BBD Bagl from Bongaon/Krislnanagar.
Tvo non-slop lrains bolvoon Bardlman & Hovral lo bo inlroducod.
10 addilionaI sorvicos lo bo run in Socundorabad aroa and 83 suburban sorvicos lo
bo augmonlod from 6-car lo 9-car sorvicos.
2 addilionaI sorvicos lo bo run on DoIli-Glaziabad soclion.
Trains
9 nov Duronlo lrains lo bo inlroducod.
AC doubIo docIor sorvicos lo bo inlroducod on }aipur-DoIli and Almodabad-Mumbai
roulos.
3 nov Slalabdis lo bo inlroducod.
Iroquoncy of 5 Duronlos lo bo incroasod.
4 VivoI Ixpross lrains lo bo inlroducod, lo commomoralo Svami VivoIananda.
4 Kavi Guru Ixpross lrains lo bo inlroducod, on llo occasion of 150ll birll annivorsary
of Rabindra Nall Tagoro.
10 Rajya Rani Ixpross lrains connocling slalo capilaIs vill imporlanl cilios in rospoclivo
slalos.
Topromolo lourism, spociaI lourisl lrains caIIod }anam Bloomi Gaurav lo bo inlroducod
on four roulos.
56 nov oxpross lrains lo bo inlroducod.
13 novpassongor sorvicos, 22 DIMUsorvicos and 8 MIMU sorvicos aro lo bo inlroducod.
Tlo run of 33 lrains lo bo oxlondod.
Iroquoncy of 17 lrains lo bo incroasod.
SpociaI lrains lo bo run lo mool spiIos in llo domand for passongor lraffic during
vacalions, foslivaIs, moIas, olc.
Projects in 201112
25 nov Iino, 6 gaugo convorsion and 28 doubIing projocls aro proposod lo bo laIon
up.
A ConlraI Organizalion for Irojocl ImpIomonlalion (COII) vill officos al DoIli,
KoIIala, Mumbai and BangaIoro proposod lo bo sol up.
107 nov Iino survoys, 4 gaugo convorsion survoys and 16 doubIing survoys aro
proposod lo bo laIon up in 201112.
In 201112, 1000 Im roulo lo bo oIoclrifiod.
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-
Tlo ConlraI SoiI and MaloriaIs Nov DoIli Roasoarcl and invosligalion, prima
Rosoarcl Slalion riI y in goollormaI onginooring,
conslruclion maloriaIs and concrolo
loclnoIogy.
ConlraI Walor and Iovor KladaIvasIa, Tlo conlro for oxcoIIonco in Hydrau-
Rosoarcl Slalion Iuno, 1916 Iic Rosoarcl in llo NalionaI IovoI.
DoaIs vill lvin probIom and irriga-
lion and drainago.)
Tlo ConlraI Ground Walor 1976 (Tlo Board is voslod vill
Board rosponsibiIily lo dovoIop and
dissominalo loclnoIogy for scionlific
and suslainabIo dovoIopmonl and
Managomonl of Indias groundvalor)
Walor & Iovor ConsuIlancy DoIli, 1969 Covors discipIinos IiIo valor suppIy
Sorvico Ild. & sanilalion, ground valor oxpIora-
lion, dovoIopmonl, olc.
NalionaI Inslilulo of HydroIogy RoorIoo, To undorlaIo, aid, promolo and co
1978 ordinalo basic, appIiod and slralogic
rosoarcl on aII aspocls of lyrdoIogy.
Conlribuling lo suslainabIo valor
rosourcos and dovoIopmonl in llo
counlry.)
Water Resources
27
INDIA 2011
304
Tlo Minislry of Walor Rosourcos Iays dovn poIicios and programmos for dovoIopmonl
and roguIalion of llo counlrys valor rosourcos.
Iays omplasis on inlogralod valor rosourcos dovoIopmonl
and managomonl for oplimaI and suslainabIo uliIizalion of llo avaiIabIo surfaco and ground
valor, croalion of voII-dovoIopod informalion syslom, valor consorvalion and domand
managomonl, quanlily andquaIily aspocls as voII as onvironmonlaI considoralions, invoIvomonl
of bonoficiarios and slaIoloIdors in llo projocl pIanning and parlicipalory approacl in valor
rosourcos managomonl, lraining and rosoarcl, rosollIomonl and rolabiIilalion aspocls of projocl
affoclodporsons. Tlo IoIicyaIsooncouragos Irivalo Soclor Iarlicipalion in pIanning, dovoIopmonl
and managomonl of valor rosourcos projocls for divorso usos, vlorovor foasibIo vill a viov
lo inlroducing innovalivo idoas, gonoraling financiaI rosourcos and inlroducing corporalo
managomonl and improving sorvico officioncy and accounlabiIily lo usors.
-- Tlo avorago annuaI valor avaiIabiIily of llo counlry is 1869
biIIion cubic molros of vlicl lolaI uliIizabIo valor is 1123 biIIion cubic molor comprising
690 biIIion cubic molor of surfaco as and 433 biIIion cubic molor of ropIonislbIo ground
valor.
Duo lo syslomalic mollod of irrigalion, irrigalion polonliaI las
boon incroasod from 22.6 miIIion loclaro in 1951 lo aboul 22.6 miIIion loclaro liII llo ond
of 10ll pIan IIan-viso irrigalion polonliaI croalod and uliIisod llrougl major, modium and
minor irrigalion projocls in llo counlry is indicalod boIov:
- Irrigalion projocls vill a CuIlurabIo Command
Aroa bolvoon 2,000 lo 10,000 loclaros aro modium projocls and lloso vill CuIlurabIo
Command Aroa of moro llan 10,000 loclaros aro major projocls.
- Iaunclod in 199697, givo Ioan assislanco lo llo
Slalos for compIoling lloso incompIolo major/modium irrigalion projocls vlicl voro al
noar compIolion and lo croalo addilionaI irrigalion polonliaI . Tlo Surfaco Minor Irrigalion
Sclomos of Norll-Iaslorn Slalos, HiIIy Slalos of SiIIim, UllranclaI, }ammu and Kaslmir,
HimaclaI Iradosl and Korapul, BoIangir and KaIalandi Dislricls of Odisla lavo aIso boon
providod ConlraI Ioan Assislanco undor llis programmo sinco 19992000. Granl las boon
inlroducod in llo programmo from ApriI 2004. An addilionaI irrigalion polonliaI of 5.44
miIIion loclaro las boon croalod llrougl major/modium irrigalion projocls and an irri-
galion polonliaI of 0.45 miIIion loclaro las boon croalod llrougl Surfaco MI Sclomos liII
Marcl 2009.
-
Nagarjuna Sagar Rivor Krislna AI Irrigalion, Hydro-
MuIlipurposo Irojocl oIoclricily
Ioclampad Irojocl Rivor Godavari AI Irrigalion
Iovor SiIoru Irojocl Rivor SiIoru (Godavari) AI Hydro-oIoclricily
KaIarpara Irojocl Rivor Tapi Gujaral Irrigalion
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Kollagudam Irojocl Singaroni coaIfioIds AI TlormaI Iovor
Kosi Irojocl Rivor Kosi Bilar IIood conlroI, Irrigalion
GandaI Irojocl Rivor GandaI UI, Bilar Irrigalion, Hydro-oIoclricily
Dluvaran Iovor Sln. Kloda Dislricl Gujaral TlormaI Iovor
Sabarigiri (Iamba-Rivor KaIIi KoraIa Hydro-oIoclricily
Iamba, IaIIi) Irojocl
IdduIi Irojocl Rivors Ioriyar KoraIa Hydro-oIoclricily
Clorulloni IduIIi
ClambaI Irojocl Rivor ClambaI Raj., MI Irrigalion, Hydro-oIoclricily
Tava Irojocl Rivor Tava (Narmada) MI Irrigalion
Korba Irojocl Noar Korba CoaIfioIds Cllalisgarl TlormaI Iovor
Salpura Iovor IallarIada Slalion MI TlormaI Iovor
Koyna Irojocl Rivor Koyna MH Hydro-oIoclricily
Nagpur Iovor Slalion Koradi, Nr. Nagpur MH TlormaI Iovor
Tungabladra Rivor Tunga-MuIli KarnalaIa Irrigalion, Hydro
-purposo Irojocl Bladra AI oIoclricily
Uppor Krislna Irojocl Rivor Krislna KarnalaIa Irrigalion
Slaravali Rivor Slaravali KarnalaIa Hydro-oIoclricily
Irojocl noar }og
faIIs
HiraIud MuIli purposo Rivor Malanadi Odisla Irrigalion, HydrooIoclricily
Irojocl
TaIclor Iovor Slalion Noar TaIclor Odisla TlormaI Iovor
BlaIra-NangaI Rivor SalIoj HI, Iunjab Irrigalion, HydrooIoclricily
MuIlipurposo Irojocl Haryana
Rajasllan CanaI Rivor SalIoj in Iunjab Rajasllan Irrigalion HoadvorIs
Irojocl in Iunjab
Kundal Irojocl Rivor Kundal TamiI Nadu Hydro-oIoclricily
NoyvoIi Iovor Slalion NoyvoIi TamiI Nadu Hydro-oIoclricily
Ramganga MuIlipurposo Cluisol Slroam UllaranclaI Irrigalion, Hydro-
Irojocl noar KaIagarl oIoclricily
MalaliIIa MuIlipurposo Rivor Bolva UI, MI Irrigalion, HydrooIoclricily
Irojocl
Riland Sclomo Rivor Riland UI Hydro-oIoclricily
Obra Iovor Slalion Obra UI TlormaI Iovor
Damodar VaIIoy Irojocl Rivor Damodar }larIland IIood conlroI Hydro-
slarod vill oIoclricily
Wosl BongaI
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UIai Irojocl Rivor lapi Gujaral Irrigalion
Mali Irojocl Rivor Mali Gujaral Irrigalion
Glalaprabla Irojocl Rivor Glalaprabla AI & Kar Irrigalion
Blima Irojocl Rivor Blima Malarasllra Irrigalion
Sardar SarovarIrojocl Rivor Narmada Guj & MI Irrigalion and Hydro-
oIoclricily
Bana Sagar Irojocl Rivor Sono MI, UI, Irrigalion
Cllalisgarl
and
}larIland
DuI Hasli Irojocl Rivor Clonab }&K Hydro-oIoclricily
SaIaI Irojocl Rivor Clonab }&K Hydro-oIoclricily
Tloin Dam Irojocl Rivor Ravi Iunjab Irrigalion, Hydro- oIoclricily
MaIaprabla Irojocl Rivor MaIaprabla KarnalaIa Irrigalion
}ayIvadi Irojocl Rivor Godavari Mal Irrigalion
Boas Irojocl Rivor Boas Iunjab and Hydro-oIoclricily
Haryana
Slarda SlayaI Rivor Glaglra UI Irrigalion
MayuraIsli Irojocl Rivor MayuraIsli WB Irrigalion, Hydro- oIoclricily
Rana Iralap Sagar Rivor Glaglra UI Irrigalion
Suralgarl Supor Suralgarl Rajasllan TlormaI Iovor
TlormaI Irojocl
Mollur Rivor Cauvory TN Hydro-oIoclricily
IaIIivasaI Rivor Mundirapujla TN Hydro-oIoclricily
Iapanasam Irojocl Rivor Tambiraparani TN Hydro-oIoclricily
IoIlaI Irojocl IaIo IoIlaI Manipur Hydro-oIoclricily
Tolri Irojocl Rivor BliIangana UllarIaland Hydro-oIoclricily
(Ganga)
IaraIIa Irojocl Ganga WB Irrigalion
HydroIogy Irojocl Ilaso-II las boon laIon up vill llo assislanco
of InlornalionaI BanI of Roconslruclion and DovoIopmonl (IBRD). Agroomonl for llo
HydroIogy Irojocl-II bolvoon llo IBRD (WorId BanI) and Govornmonl of India vas
signod on 19.01.2006. Tlo projocl las bocomo offoclivo from 5ll ApriI, 2006. Tlo duralion
of llo projocl is six yoars and is oslimalod lo cosl ` 631.83 croro supporlod vill a Ioan
of 104.98 MiIIion US$ from IBRD. Tlo Minislry of Walor Rosourcos is llo nodaI agoncy
for impIomonlalion of llo projocl. A Irojocl Coordinalion Socrolarial las boon oslabIislod
in llo Minislry for llis purposo.
INDIA 2011
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Tlo objoclivos of llo projocl aro lo oxlond and promolo llo suslainod and offoclivo uso
of HydroIogicaI Informalion Syslom (HIS) by aII polonliaI usors concornod vill valor
rosourcos pIanning and managomonl, boll in pubIic and privalo soclors, lloroby conlrib-
uling lo improvod produclivily and cosl offoclivonoss of valor roIalod invoslmonls.
Tlo projocl is boing impIomonlod in 13 Slalos viz. Andlra Iradosl, Cllallisgarl,
Gujaral, KarnalaIa, KoraIa, Madlya Iradosl, Malarasllra, Odisla, TamiI Nadu, Goa,
Iunjab, Iuduclorry and HimaclaI Iradosl and oigll conlraI agoncios viz. ConlraI Walor
Commission (CWC), ConlraI Ground Walor Board (CGWB), India MolooroIogicaI Doparl-
monl (IMD), NalionaI Inslilulo of HydroIogy (NIH), ConlraI Walor and Iovor Rosoarcl
Slalion (CWIRS), Minislry of Walor Rosourcos (MoWR), ConlraI IoIIulion ConlroI Board
(CICB) and BlaIlra Boas Managomonl Board (BBMB).
Tlo projocl is boing monilorod by a NalionaI IovoI Slooring Commilloo (NISC) loadod
by llo Socrolary, Minislry of Walor Rosourcos vill Slalo Socrolarios/IrincipaI Socrolarios
of llo concornod Doparlmonls as Mombors. Al llo Slalo IovoI aIso Slooring Commilloos
lavo boon formod and Irojocl Coordinalors lavo boon appoinlod.
During llo yoar 2008, llroo Ioy consuIlanls lavo boon appoinlod for ToclnicaI Assislanco
and Managomonl ConsuIlancy (TAMC), Docision Supporl Syslom for IIanning and Man-
agomonl of Walor Rosourcos (DSS-IIanning) and Docision Supporl ConsuIlancy for RoaI
Timo Oporalion of llo BlaIlra and Boas Syslom of Rosorvoirs (DSS-RT). Tlo basins for
DSS(I) sludios lavo boon idonlifiod in oacl Slalo and nocossary dala is boing coIIoclod
and providod lo DSS(I) consuIlanls. 18 proposaIs of surfaco valor and ground valor
domain for Iurposo Drivon Sludios (IDS) lavo boon finaIisod lo bo carriod oul by llo
parlicipaling agoncios.
---- Tlo Minislry of Invironmonl and Iorosls, issuod
a Nolificalion on 22nd }uno, 2001 for forming Walor QuaIily Assossmonl Aullorily vill
offocl from 29ll May, 2001. Tlo Walor QuaIily Roviov Commilloos lavo boon formod in
llo Slalos vill an aim lo improvo coordinalion amongsl llo ConlraI and Slalo agoncios,
roviov/assoss sclomos Iaunclod/lo bo Iaunclod lo improvo quaIily of valor rosourcos.
On llo basis of rocommondalions of llo Ixporl Commilloo and TasI Iorco, a Gazollo
Nolificalion las boon issuod in }uno 2005, on llo Uniform Moniloring IrolocoI for adoplion
by aII llo valor quaIily-moniloring agoncios las boon issuod in }uno 2005 as voII a WorIing
Group las aIso boon conslilulod by WQAA lo doaI vill issuos roIaling lo minimum fIovs
in rivorino sysloms.
Tlo ConlraIIy spon-
sorod Command Aroa DovoIopmonl (CAD) Irogrammo vas Iaunclod in 197475 vill llo
main objoclivos of improving llo uliIizalion of croalod irrigalion polonliaI and oplimizing
agricuIluro produclion and produclivily from irrigalod agricuIluro undor an Aroa DovoIop-
monl Aullorily. On 1sl ApriI, 04, llis programmo vas roslruclurod and namod as command
aroa dovoIopmonl and valor managomonl programmo. Tlo sclomo is nov boing impIomonl-
od as a Slalo soclor sclomo during llo XI Iivo Yoar IIan (200809 lo 201112).
- - In }anuary, 2005, llo
Govornmonl of India sanclionod a IiIol Sclomo for NalionaI Irojocl for Ropair, Rono-
valion and Rosloralion (RRR) of Walor Bodios diroclIy IinIod lo AgricuIluro vill an
INDIA 2011
308
oslimalod cosl of ` 300 croro lo bo slarod by Conlro and Slalo in llo ralio of 3 : 1 proposod
lo bo impIomonlod during llo romaining poriod of Xll IIan. Tlo sclomo vas approvod
for 26 dislricls in 15 Slalos, namoIy, Andlra Iradosl, Bilar, Cllallisgarl, }larIland,
KarnalaIa, Madlya Iradosl, Odisla, Rajasllan, TamiI Nadu, Wosl BongaI, HimaclaI
Iradosl, }&K, Gujaral, KoraIa and Malarasllra al an oslimalod cosl of ` 299.92 croro .
Tloso projocls covor 1,098 valor bodios vill lolaI originaI CuIlurabIo Command Aroa of
1.72 IaIl loclaros. Tlo spiIIovor aclivilios of llo IiIol Sclomo of RRR of Walor Bodios aro
boing conlinuod during llo yoar 20092010.
Slalos may laIo up projocls for funding vloroin 75 Ioan is laIon from llo WorId
BanI and is lo bo ropaid by llo Slalos. Tlo baIanco 25 is givon by Govornmonl of
India. Domoslic supporl funding is aIso in llo ralio of 25 : 75 (Conlro : Slalo) for non-
spociaI calogory Slalos and in llo ralio of 90 : 10 for spociaI calogory Slalos (Norll
Iasl Slalos incIuding SiIIim, HiimaclaI Iradosl, UllaranclaI, }&K and undividod
Korapul, BoIangir and KaIalandi (KBK) dislricls of Orrisa), drougll prono/naxaI
affoclod/lribaI aroas.
Oul of llo counlrys lolaI goograplicaI aroa of 329 miIIion laclaros
aboul 45 miIIion laclaros is fIood prono. TiII Marcl 2007, an aroa of 18.22 m la las boon
providod vill proloclion againsl fIoods by vay of conslruclion of ombanImonls, drainago
clannoIs, lovn proloclion vorIs and providing raisod pIalforms.
Tlo Govornmonl of India las Iaunclod a IIood Managomonl Irogrammo, lo provido
assislanco lo llo Slalos during XI pIan for laIing up fIood conlroI, rivor managomonl,
drainago dovoIopmonl, fIood proofing and anli-soa orosion vorIs.
-- As por llo Inlor-Slalo Rivor Walor Dispulos Acl, 1956 (ISRWD
Acl, 1956) vlon llo valor dispulo arisos among lvo or moro Slalo Govornmonls, llo
ConlraI Govornmonl rocoivos a roquosl undor Soclion 3 of llo Acl from any of llo basin
Slalos vill rogard lo oxislonco of valor dispulo.
Tlo lolaI annuaI ropIonislabIo ground
valor rosourcos of llo counlry lavo boon assossod as 433 biIIion cubic molor. Ixisling gross
ground valor drafl as on Marcl 2004 for aII usos is 231 BCM por yoar. As por llo Ialosl
assossmonl of ground valor rosourcos carriod oul joinlIy by llo ConlraI Ground Walor
Board (CGWB) and llo Slalos, llo assossmonl unils aro calogorizod as ovor oxpIoilod/
crilicaI and somi-crilicaI basod on llo slago of ground valor dovoIopmonl and llo Iong-
lorm valor IovoI docIining lrond during llo pasl docado (19952004). Iisl of lloso aroas
las boon circuIalod lo llo Slalo IoIIulion ConlroI Boards and llo Minislry of Invironmonl
and Iorosls vlicl rofor llo nov induslrios/projocls faIIing in lloso aroas lo llo ConlraI
Ground Walor Aullorily (CGWA) for oblaining cIoaranco for ground valor villdravaI.
Ior onforcomonl of llo roguIalory diroclions issuod undor Soclion 5 of Invironmonl
(Iroloclion) Acl, 1986, concornod Dopuly Commissionors/Dislricl Magislralos lavo boon
aullorizod lo laIo nocossary aclion in caso of vioIalion of diroclivos of CGWA in llo
nolifiod aroas. Ior moro offoclivo roguIalion of ground valor dovoIopmonl and manago-
INDIA 2011
309
monl, Advisory Commilloos undor llo Clairmanslip of Dislricl CoIIoclor/Dopuly Com-
missionors vill mombors dravn from various organizalions lavo boon conslilulod vlicl
viII rondor advico in mallors porlaining lo roguIalion of ground valor dovoIopmonl and
managomonl. Tlo CGWA lavo aIso nolifiod 65 ovor-oxpIoilod aroas andissuod diroclions
lo llo Cliof Socrolarios of aII Slalos laving ovor-oxpIoilod bIocIs lo laIo aII nocossary
moasuros lo promolo/adopl arlificiaI roclargo lo ground valor/rain valor larvosling.
- Iormod on 17ll ApriI, 2006
undor llo Clairmanslip of HonbIo Minislor of Walor Rosourcos vill llo aim lo popuIariso
llo concopl of arlificiaI roclargo of ground valor among various slaIoloIdors. Tlo
Advisory CounciI comprisos of Mombors from llo concornod ConlraI Minislrios/Doparl-
monls, roprosonlalivos of Slalo Govornmonls, IubIic UndorlaIings, financiaI inslilulions,
roprosonlalivo of induslrios and ronovnod subjocl oxporls/farmors/NGOs. 1sl mooling of
Advisory CounciI vas loId in }uIy 2006 and llo socond in Soplombor 2007.
- Iaunclod in 2007,
by Tlo Minislry of Walor Rosourcos vill llo aim lo oncourago NGOs/Gram Ianclayals/
Urban IocaI Bodios (for popuIalion up lo 1 IaIl)/inslilulions/corporalo soclor and indi-
viduaIs for adopling innovalivo praclicos of ground valor augmonlalion. Tloro aro 21
Ground Walor Augmonlalion Avards (BloomijaI Samvardlan IurasIars) for aII calogorios
laIon logollor oacl consisla of a casl avard of ` 1 IaIl and a pIaquo vill cilalion. Wloras
ono NalionaI Walor Avard amongsl 21 avard vinnors vlicl consisls of a casl avard of
` 10 IaIl and a pIaquo vill cilalion.
-
1. Tlo Govornmonl las sanclionod a Slalo Soclor Sclomo of ArlificiaI Roclargo of
Ground Walor Tlrougl DugvoIIs during XI IIan amounling lo ` 1798.71 croro for
impIomonlalion inAndlra Iradosl, Gujaral, KarnalaIa, Madlya Iradosl, Malarasllra,
Rajasllan and TamiI Nadu.
2. Tlo sclomo onvisagos inslaIIalion of 4.45 miIIion ground valor roclargo slrucluros in
llo oxisling irrigalion voIIs of llo farmors lo faciIilalo Iargo scaIo ground valor
roclargo in llo aroa, of vlicl 2.72 miIIion aro ovnod by llo smaII and marginaI farmors
and 1.73 miIIion ovnod by ollor farmors. Avorago cosl of roclargo por voII is ` 4000.
In ordor lo oncourago llo farmors for parlicipalion in llo sclomo, provision las boon
mado in llo sclomo for subsidy lo llo bonoficiary farmors lo llo oxlonl of 100 for
llo marginaI and smaII farmors and 50 for ollor calogory of farmors.
3. An amounl of ` 1499.27 las boon roIoasod by llo Minislry of Iinanco (MoI) lo
NABARD lo bo providod as subsidy lo bonoficiary farmors.
-- Tlo Irimo Minislor is llo Clairman, Union Minislor
of Walor Rosourcos is llo Vico-Clairman, and Minislor of Slalo for Walor Rosourcos,
concornod Union Minislors/Minislors of Slalo, Cliof Minislors of aII Slalos and Iioulonanl
Govornors/Adminislralors of llo Union Torrilorios aro llo Mombors. Socrolary, Minislry
of Walor Rosourcos is llo Socrolary of llo CounciI.
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INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
A Govl. of India fundod sclomo lilIod Comprolonsivo
Sclomo for IslabIislmonl of Hydro-molooroIogicaI and IIood Iorocasling NolvorI
on Rivors Common lo India and Blulan is oporaling in Blulan on llo nolvorI of
35 lydro-molooroIogicaI/molooroIogicaI slalions. Tlo dala rocoivod from lloso slalions
aro uliIizod in India by llo ConlraI Walor Commission for formuIaling fIood forocasls.
A }oinl Ixporl Toam (}IT) consisling of officiaIs from llo Govornmonl of India and
RoyaI Govornmonl of Blulan conlinuousIy roviovs llo progross and ollor
roquiromonls of llo sclomo.
Tlo mallor roIaling lo probIom of fIoods croalod by llo rivors originaling from
Blulan and coming lo India vas laIon up vill llo RoyaI Govornmonl of Blulan.
A }oinl Group of Ixporls (}GI) on IIood Managomonl las boon conslilulod bolvoon
India and Blulan lo discuss and assoss llo probabIo causos and offocls of llo
rocurring fIoods and orosion in llo soullorn foolliIIs of Blulan and adjoining pIains
in India and rocommond approprialo and muluaIIy accoplabIo romodiaI moasuros lo
boll Govornmonls.
- An Indo-BangIadosl }oinl Rivors Commission
(}RC) is funclioning sinco 1972 in ordor lo onsuro llo mosl offoclivo joinl offorl
in maximizing llo bonofils from common rivor sysloms vlicl is loadod by Walor
Rosourco Minislors of boll llo counlrios. On 12ll Docombor, 1996 a lroaly for
a poriod of 30 yoars vas signod by llo Irimo Minislors of India and BangaIdosl
for llo slaring of Ganga/Gangos valors. India is providing llo fIood dala of
IaraIIa for Ganga (from 15ll }uno lo 15ll Oclobor), of Iandu, GoaI Iara and
Dlubri for Bralmapulra and of SiIclar for BaraI during monsoon poriod (from
15ll May lo 15ll Oclobor) lo BangIadosl for uso of lloir fIood forocasling and
varning arrangomonls. Tlo lransmission of fIood forocasling informalion from
India during llo monsoon, vlicl is boing suppIiod froo of cosl las onabIod llo
civiI and miIilary aullorilios in BangIadosl lo slifl llo popuIalion affoclod by
fIood lo safor pIacos.
In llo yoar 2002, llo Govornmonl of India lad onlorod
inlo an MoU vill Clina for provision of lydroIogicaI informalion on YaIuzangbu/
Bralmapulra rivor in fIood soason by Clina lo India. In accordanco vill llo
provisions conlainod in llo MoU, llo Clinoso sido is providing lydroIogicaI
informalion (Walor IovoI, disclargo and rainfaII) in rospocl of llroo slalions, namoIy
Nugosla, Yangcun and Nuxia Iocalod on rivor YaIuzangbu/Bralmapulra from 1sl
}uno lo 15ll Oclobor ovory yoar, vlicl is uliIizod in llo formuIalion of fIood
forocasls by llo ConlraI Walor Commission. Tlis MoU oxpirod in 2007. A nov
Momorandum of Undorslanding (MoU) on lydroIogicaI informalion of llo
Bralmapulra/YaIuzangbu Rivor in fIood soason by Clina lo India vill a vaIidily
of fivo yoars las boon signod vill Clina on 05.06.08 during llo visil of HonbIo
IxlornaI Affairs Minislor of India lo Boijing from }uno 47, 2008. Anollor
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Momorandum of Undorslanding las boon signod during llo visil of llo Clinoso
Iromior lo India in ApriI 2005 for suppIy of lydroIogicaI informalion in rospocl
of SulIoj (Iangquin zangbu), in fIood soason. Clinoso sido is providing lydroIogicaI
informalion in rospocl of lloir Tsada slalion on rivor SulIoj (Iangquin zangbu) from
llo monsoon of 2007.
- Undor llo Indus Walor Troaly, 1960, India and
IaIislan lavo croalod lvo pormanonl posls of Commissionor for Indus Walors,
ono oacl in India and IaIislan, vlo aro llo roprosonlalivos of llo rospoclivo
Govornmonls for aII mallors arising oul of llo lroaly and sorvo as llo roguIar
clannoI of communicalion vill rogard lo impIomonlalion of llo Troaly. Tlo lvo
Commissionors logollor form llo Iormanonl Indus Commission (IIC). Tlo IIC
loIds poriodicaI moolings and aIso undorlaIos lours of inspoclion lo projocls/
vorIs in India and IaIislan. By vay of impIomonlalion of llo Troaly, llo IIC
loId ils 102nd mooling, lo oxcIusivoIy discuss llo issuos raisod by IaIislan on
BagIilar HydrooIoclric Irojocl, al Nov DoIli. Tlo Commission aIso loId ils
103rd mooling in Nov DoIli in vlicl issuos of iniliaI fiIIing of BagIilar
HydrooIoclric Irojocl, Kislonganga HydrooIoclric Irojocl voro aIso discussod.
In llo spiril of co-oporalion, llroo lours viz. 108ll, 109ll and 110ll lour of
Inspoclion voro undorlaIon by IIC lo visil NooIum VaIIoy in IaIislan occupiod
Kaslmir (IoK), BagIilar Hydro- IIoclric Irojocl (}&K) in India and MoraIa
HoadvorIs in IaIislan.
CENTRAL ORGANISATIONS
-- Tlo ConlraI Walor Commission (CWC) is a promior
loclnicaI organisalion in llo counlry in llo fioId of valor rosourcos sinco 1945. Tlo
Commission is onlruslod vill llo rosponsibiIilios of inilialing, co-ordinaling and
furlloring sclomos for conlroI, consorvalion and uliIisalion of valor rosourcos
llrougloul llo counlry in consuIlalion vill llo Slalo govornmonls concornod for
purposos of fIood conlroI, irrigalion, drinIing valor suppIy and lydro povor
dovoIopmonl. CWC aIso undorlaIos invosligalion, conslruclion and oxoculion of any
sucl sclomos as roquirod. Tloro aro -- of CWC vlicl
aro funclioning from BangaIuru, BlopaI, Blubanosvar, Clandigarl, Coimbaloro,
DoIli, Hydorabad.
- Tlo ConlraI SoiI and MaloriaIs Rosoarcl
Slalion (CSMRS), Nov DoIli is a promior organizalion in llo fioId of goo-moclanics,
conslruclion maloriaIs and aIIiod fioIds spocificaIIy in rospocl of valor rosourcos
projocls. Tlis Rosoarcl Slalion providos loclnicaI assislanco lo llo Doparlmonls of
ConlraI and Slalo Govornmonls, IubIic Soclor UndorlaIings and ollor agoncios in
India and abroad. CSMRS las roconlIy oslabIislod Inslrumonlalion Domonslralion
Conlro and NumoricaI ModoIing Unil.
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SUBORDINATE ORGANIZATIONS
- IslabiIislod in 1916, KladaIvasIa, Iuno,
is llo conlro of oxcoIIonco in lydrauIic rosoarcl al llo nalionaI IovoI. Il is an agoncy
doaIing vill llo lvin probIoms of irrigalion and drainago, CWIRS is an inslilulion
of inlornalionaI slanding in lydrauIic rosoarcl.
IslabiIislod in 1970, by ronaming IxpIoralory TubovoIIs
Organizalion undor llo Minislry of AgricuIluro, a subordinalo offico of llo Minislry
of Walor Rosourcos, Govornmonl of India, is llo nalionaI apox agoncy onlruslod vill
llo rosponsibiIilios of providing scionlific inpuls for managomonl, oxpIoralion,
moniloring, assossmonl, augmonlalion and roguIalion of ground valor rosourcos of
llo counlry. Il vas morgod vill llo Ground Walor Wing of llo GooIogicaI Survoy
of India during 1972. Tlo Board las 18 rogionaI officos, oacl loadod by a RogionaI
Diroclor, supporlod by 17 Inginooring Divisions and 11 Slalo Unil Officos.
Conslilulod 14ll }an., 1997, undor
Invironmonl (Iroloclion) Acl of 1986 undor Minislry of Invironmonl & Iorosls and
roslruclurod undor MOII on 6 Nov., 2000 vill llo aim lo roguIalo and conlroI of
ground valor dovoIopmonl and managomonl in llo counlry.
- - As parl of slroamIining llo
roguIalory funclion of ConlraI Ground Walor Aullorily (CGWA), Dislricl Magislralos
lavo boon appoinlod as aullorizod officors for granl of pormission for oxlraclion of
ground valor for drinIing/domoslic usos in 36 oul of 43 bIocIs/laIuIas nolifiod by
CGWA in 10 Slalos for ground valor roguIalion. Tloy lavo boon advisod lo procoss
llo roquosl for granl of pormission for oxlraclion of ground valor for drinIing/
domoslic purposos in nolifiod aroas as por guidoIinos issuod by CGWA.
Tlo IaraIIa Barrago Irojocl vas conslruclod for prosorvalion
and mainlonanco of KoIIala Iorl by improving llo rogimo and navigabiIily of llo
Blagiralli-HoogIy rivor syslom. Tlo IrincipaI compononls of llo projocl aro: (a) 2,245
molro Iong barrago across llo Ganga vill a raiI-cum-road bridgo nocossary rivor
lraining vorIs, and a load roguIalor on llo rigll sido, (b) 213 molro Iong barrago
across llo rivor Blagiralli al }angipur, (c) Ioodor canaI of 1113 cubic molros por
socond (40,000 cubic fool por socond) carrying capacily and 38.38 Im Iong, laIing
off from llo load roguIalor on llo rigll of llo IaraIIa Barrago, and (d) navigalion
vorIs sucl as IocIs, IocI clannoIs, sloIlor basins, navigalion Iiglls and ollor
infraslrucluro.
- - Tlo Sardar Sarovar Conslruclion
Advisory Commilloo (SSCAC) Iocalod, al Vadodara, vas conslilulod in 1980 as por
llo diroclivo of llo Narmada Walor Dispulos TribunaI (NWDT), for scruliny of
oslimalos, loclnicaI foaluros, dosign and lo monilor llo progross of llo conslruclion
aclivily lo onsuro officionl, oconomicaI and limoIy oxoculion of Unil-I (Dam and
Appurlonanl vorIs) and Unil-III (Hydro-Iovor CompIox) of llo Sardar Sarovar
Irojocl (SSI). Tlo Socrolary, Minislry of Walor Rosourcos, is llo Clairman of llo
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Commilloo. Roprosonlalivos from llo doparlmonls IiIo Irrigalion, Iovor, Rovonuo,
WoIfaro olc. concornod vill llo conslruclion of llo projocl of llo four parly Slalos
aIong vill lloir counlorparls from llo Govornmonl of India and llo Narmada
ConlroI Aullorily aro Mombors of llo Commilloo.
- Tlo Bansagar ConlroI Board vas conslilulod by llo ConlraI
Govornmonl in consuIlalion vill llo Govornmonls of Madlya Iradosl, Bilar and
Ullar Iradosl vill a viov lo onsuro officionl, oconomicaI and oarIy oxoculion of llo
Bansagar Dam on Sono rivor, incIuding aII connoclod vorIs in Madlya Iradosl bul
oxcIuding llo canaI sysloms. Tlo loadquarlor of llo Board is al Rova (M.I.). Iunds
for llo projocl aro providod by llo bonoficiary Slalos of Madlya Iradosl, Ullar
Iradosl and Bilar in llo ralio of 2 : 1 : 1.
-- Ganga IIood ConlroI Commission vill ils
loadquarlors al Ialna, vas oslabIislod in 1972. Il sorvos as llo Socrolarial and
oxoculivo Iimb of Ganga IIood ConlroI Board Main funclions of llo Commission
incIudoproparalion and updaling of a comprolonsivo pIan for fIood managomonl,
loclno-oconomic appraisaI of fIood managomonl sclomos, assossmonl of adoquacy
of valorvays undor road and raiI bridgos, moniloring and porformanco ovaIualion
of fIood managomonl sclomos, and parlicipalion in inlornalionaI and nalionaI
commilloos sol up by llo Govornmonl of India on Ganga basin Slalos porlaining lo
llo subjocl of fIood managomonl.
PUBLIC SECTOR UNDERTAKINGS
- - INTRODUCTION WAICOS
Iimilod is a MINI RATNA IubIic Soclor Inlorpriso undor llo aogis of llo Union
Minislry of Walor Rosourcos. Incorporalod on }uno 26, 1969 undor llo Companios
Acl. 1956, WAICOS las boon providing consuIlancy sorvicos in aII facols of valor
rosourcos, povor and infraslrucluro soclors in India and abroad.
- - NalionaI Irojocls Conslruclion
Corporalion Iimilod (NICC), a Govornmonl of India Inlorpriso undor llo aogis of
Minislry of Walor Rosourcos, vas incorporalod in 1957 vill llo objoclivo lo carry
oul infraslrucluro vorIs and ollor roIalod aclivilios for dovoIopmonl of llo nalion.
NICC is an ISO 90012000 corlifiod pubIic soclor company.
OTHER ORGANISATIONS
Tlo ConlraI Govornmonl framod llo Narmada Walor
Sclomo, vlicl, among ollor llings, conslilulod Narmada ConlroI Aullorily and a
Roviov Commilloo in 1980 for impIomonlalion of llo docisions and diroclions of llo
Narmada Walor Dispulos TribunaI.
Tlo Bolva Rivor Board vas conslilulod by llo Minislry of Walor
Rosourcos for officionl, oconomicaI and oarIy oxoculion of llo Rajglal Dam Irojocl,
INDIA 2011
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a joinl vonluro of Madlya Iradosl and Ullar Iradosl. Tlo loadquarlor of llo Board
is al }lansi (U.I.).
Tlo Tungabladra Board vas conslilulod for llo compIolion
oporalion and mainlonanco of llo Tungabladra Irojocl. Tlo Board is rosponsibIo for
llo common porlion of llo Tungabladra Irojocl. Tlo Krislna Walor Dispulos TribunaI
las mado spocific provision in llo Avard for llo uso of Tungabladra valor by llo
Slalos of KarnalaIa and Andlra Iradosl. Tlo rosponsibiIily for carrying oul llis
spocific provision roIaling lo llo uso of Tungabladra valors las boon onlruslod lo
llo Tungabladra Board by llo TribunaI. Tlo Board is roguIaling llo valor for
irrigalion, lydropovor gonoralion and ollor usos on llo rigll banI.
- Tlo NalionaI Inslilulo of HydroIogy(NIH), funclioning
sinco 1978, las ils loadquarlors al RoorIoo (UllaranclaI). To carry oul fioId roIalod
rosoarcl, llo NIH las four rogionaI conlors Iocalod al BoIgaum, }ammu, KaIinada and
Sagar and lvo conlors for fIood managomonl sludios al Guvalali and Ialna.
Tlo Bralmapulra Board vas conslilulod in Docombor, 1981 for
pIanning and impIomonlalion of moasuros for llo managomonl of fIoods and banI
orosion in llo Bralmapulra and BaraI VaIIoy. Tlo major aclivilios of llo Board aro
proparalion of Maslor IIans, proparalion of dolaiIod projocl roporl of muIlipurposo
projocls, drainago dovoIopmonl sclomos and anli-orosion sclomos in llo vaIIoy aparl
from oxoculion of sclomos/projocls in llo Norll Iaslorn Rogion.
Tlo Minislry of Walor Rosourcos lad formuIalod
a NalionaI Iorspoclivo IIan (NII) in Augusl, 1980 for Walor Rosourcos DovoIopmonl
by lransforring valor from valor surpIus basins lo valor doficil basins/rogions by
InlorIinIing of Rivors. Tlo NII las lvo main compononls, llo HimaIayan Rivors
DovoIopmonl Compononl and llo IoninsuIar Rivors DovoIopmonl Compononl.
A lriparlilo MoU vas signod bolvoon llo Union Minislor of Walor
Rosourcos, Cliof Minislors of Govornmonl of Madlya Iradosl and Ullar Iradosl on
25ll Augusl, 2005 in llo prosonco of Dr. Manmolan Singl, HonbIo Irimo Minislor of
India for proparalion of DIR of Kon-Bolva IinI by ConlraI Govornmonl. Tlo vorIs
for proparalion of DIR lavo boon slarlod by NWDA, by ond of Docombor 2008.
Tlo rovisod DIR of plaso-I of llo Kon-Bolva IinI projocl las boon sonl lo boll llo
Slalo Govornmonls in May 2010. MoanvliIo, llis projocl las boon incIudod in llo
Iisl of NalionaI projocls.
A lriparlilo MoU vas signod bolvoon llo Union Minislor of Walor Rosourcos, Cliof
Minislors of Govornmonls of Gujaral and Malarasllra on 3rd May, 2010 in llo Augusl
prosonco of Dr. Manmolan Singl, Irimo Minislor of India for proparalion of DIR of
Iar-Tapi-NarmadaIinIIrojocl andDamanganga-IinjaI IinIIrojocl of ConlraI Govornmonl.
- Tlis IinI is a parl of IoIavaram
Irojocl of Andlra Iradosl. Tlo projocl as proposod by llo Govornmonl of Andlra
Iradosl las gol cIoaranco from ToclnicaI Advisory Commilloo of MoWR and
invoslmonl cIoaranco from llo IIanning Commission.
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-
Tlo TribaI Cooporalivo 1987
MarIolingDovoIopmonl
Iodoralion of India (TRIIID)
ArlificiaI Iims Manufacluring Kanpur, 1972 Tlo producls manufaclurod by llo
Corp. of India corporalion conform lo ISI slandards
approvod by BIS.
NalionaI Inslilulo for VisuaIIy Dolradun
Handicappod
NalionaI Inslilulo for
OrllopaodicaIIy Handicappod KoIIala
AIi Yavar }ung NalionaI Mumbai
Inslilulo for Hoaring
Handicappod
NalionaI Inslilulo for MonlaIIy Socundorabad
Handicappod
NalionaI Inslilulo of CullacI
RolabiIilalion Training and
Rosoarcl
Inslilulo for llo IlysicaIIy Nov DoIli
Handicappod
Inslilulo for Impovormonl of Clonnai
porsons vill MuIlipIo DisabiIilios
Welfare
28
INDIA 2011
323
Tlo Minislry of SociaI }uslico and Impovormonl is commillod lovards oducalionaI
dovoIopmonl, oconomic ompovormonl and sociaI ompovormonl of porsons boIonging lo
ScloduIod Caslos, Ollor BacIvard CIassos, rolabiIilalion of porsons vill disabiIilios,
viclims of drug abuso, agod olc.
-- -- a ConslilulionaI body monilors
llo safoguards provido for ScloduIod Caslos and aIso roviovs issuos concorning lloir
voIfaro.
SPECIFIC CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS FOR SCHEDULED CASTES

341 ScloduIod Caslos
366 Dofinilions
17 AboIilion of UnlouclabiIily
25 Iroodom of conscionco and froo profossion, praclico and propagalion of roIigion
15 Irolibilion of discriminalion on grounds of roIigion, raco, caslo, sox or pIaco of birll
16 IquaIily of opporlunily in mallors of pubIic ompIoymonl
46 Iromolion of IducalionaI and Iconomic inlorosls of ScloduIod Caslos, ScloduIod
Tribos and ollor voaIor soclions
320 Iunclions of IubIic Sorvico Commissions
335 CIaims of ScloduIod Caslos and ScloduIod Tribos lo sorvicos and posls
330 Rosorvalion of soals for ScloduIod Caslos and ScloduIod Tribos in llo Houso of llo
IoopIo
332 Rosorvalion of soals for ScloduIod Caslos and ScloduIod Tribos in llo IogisIalivo
AssombIios of llo Slalos
334 Rosorvalion of soals and spociaI roprosonlalion lo coaso aflor sixly yoars
243D Rosorvalion of soals (in Ianclayals)
243T Rosorvalion of soals (in MunicipaIilios)
338 NalionaI Commission for ScloduIod Caslos
-- - a slalulory body las inlor-aIia
boon ompovorod lo invosligalo inlo spocific Griovancos as voII as mallors roIalod
lo voIfaro.
- 1955 providos for provonling any porson on grounds
of unlouclabiIily, from onjoying llo riglls accruing on accounl of aboIilion of
unlouclabiIily.
-- -
Undor llo Sclomo, llo CliIdron of famiIios ongagod in uncIoan occupalions sucl as
scavonging, fIaying and lanning aro assislod lo pursuo oducalion uplo malricuIalion
INDIA 2011
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IovoI. ConlraI assislanco is providod lo llo Slalo Govornmonls on 50 : 50 basis and
lo llo Union Torrilory Adminislralion on 100 por conl.
- A nov Sclomo namod Rajiv Gandli
NalionaI IoIIovslip (RGNI) for ScloduIod Caslo Sludonls las boon inlroducod
during llo curronl financiaI yoar 200506. IoIIovslips, in llo form of financiaI
assislanco, aro lo bo providod lo sludonls boIonging lo ScloduIod Caslos lo pursuo
liglor sludios Ioading lo avard of M.IliI and Il.D. dogroo.
-- - Undor llis sclomo assislanco is providod lo
morilorious sludonls for pursuing liglor sludios of Maslors IovoI coursos, Il.D. and
Iosl DocloraI rosoarcl Irogrammos abroad in spocifiod fioIds IiIo Inginooring,
ToclnoIogy and Scionco onIy.
- Tlo main objoclivo of llo sclomo is lo
upgrado llo moril of ScloduIod Caslo sludonls by providing llom vill faciIilios for
aIIround dovoIopmonl llrougl oducalion in rosidonliaI sclooIs. Tlo sclomo providos
for 100 por conl ConlraI assislanco lo Slalos/UTs for arrangomonl of romodiaI and
spociaI coacling for SC sludonls sludying in cIass IX lo XII.
-- - - - Tlo objoclivo of llo Sclomo is lo
provido losloI faciIilios lo SC Boys and GirIs sludying in middIo sclooIs, liglor
socondary sclooIs, coIIogos and Univorsilios.
Tlo main objoclivo of llo Ioundalion is lo propagalo llo idooIogy and mossago of
Baba Salob Dr. B.R. AmbodIar among llo massos in India as voII as abroad.
-- Tlo NalionaI
ScloduIod Caslos Iinanco and DovoIopmonl Corporalion (NSIDC) providos
concossionaI financo for ompIoymonl gonoralion lo llo porsons boIonging lo llo
ScloduIod Caslos Iiving boIov doubIo llo povorly Iino. Tlo Corporalion is aIso
impIomonling MaliIa Samridli Yojana. Il vas sol up by llo GoI in Iobruary, 1989,
undor soclion 25 of llo Companios Acl, 1958.
-- -- Tlo objoclivo of llo sclomo
is lo uliIiso llo sorvicos of capabIo and roIiabIo voIunlary organisalions in llo procoss
of sociaI-oconomic dovoIopmonl of scloduIod casls.
Tlo lribaI poopIo of India, vlo como undor llo calogory of ScloduIod Tribos (STs)
in lorms of llo provisions of llo Conslilulion of India, numbor 8.43 croroconsliluling
8.2 por conl of llo popuIalion of llo counlry (Consus 2001).
Iifll ScloduIo and Sixll ScloduIo lavo boon onslrinod in llo Conslilulion. Ior
ST. In lorms of ArlicIo 342(1), llo Irosidonl may, vill rospocl lo any Slalo or Union
Torrilory, and vloro il is Slalo, aflor consuIlalion vill llo Govornor lloroof, nolify
lribos or lribaI communilios or parls lloroof as ScloduIod Tribos.
Tlo Iiloracy ralo for ovoraII popuIalion las incroasod from 52.2 por conl
lo 65.38 por conl bolvoon 1991 lo 2001. In caso of ScloduIod Tribos llo incroaso in
Iiloracy las boon from 29.62 por conl lo 47.10 por conl.
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Tlo funds roIoasod undor SCA lo TSI lo Slalo Govornmonls/UT Adminislralions aro
as foIIovs.
-
V 119.31
VI 486.11
VII 846.95
VII 1484.12
IX 2009.61
X 2960.83
XI (200708) 631.80
- -

Undor a nov sclmo caIIod Admi Bima Yojana (AABY), Iaunclod on Oclobor 2, 2007
insuranco lo llo load of llo famiIy of ruraI IandIoss lousoloIds in llo counlry is providod
againsl naluraI doall as voII as accidonlaI doall and parliaI/pormanonl disabiIily. Tlis
covor is ` 75, 000 on doall duo lo accidonl and pormanonl disabiIily duo lo accidonl,
` 37, 500 in caso of parliaI pormanonl disabiIily duo lo accidonl and ` 30,000 in caso of
doall of a mombor, prior lo lorminaI dalo. Tlo promium lo bo clargod undor llo sclomo
is ` 200 por annum por mombor, 50 por conl of vlicl is lo bo conlribulod by llo ConlraI
Govornmonl and romaining by Slalo Govornmonls.
Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana
Tlo Rasllriya Svasllya Bima Yojana vas formaIIy Iaunclod on Oclobor 1, 2007. AII vorIors
in llo unorganizod soclor vlo como in llo calogory of BoIov Iovorly Iino (BII) and
lloir famiIios aro covorod undor llo Sclomo. Tlo sclomo aIso las a provision of smarl
card lo bo issuod lo llo bonoficiarios lo onabIo caslIoss lransaclion for loaIll caro. TolaI
sum insurod vouId bo ` 30,000 por famiIy por annum vill Govornmonl of India conlrib-
uling 75 por conl of llo annaI oslimalod promium amounl of ` 750 subjocl lo a maximum
of ` 565 por famiIy por annum vliIo Slalo Govornmonls aro oxpoclod lo conlribulo 25 por
conl of llo annuaI promium as voII as any addilionaI promium. Tlo cosl of smarl card
vouId aIso bo borno by ConlraI Govornmonl.
National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS)
NRIGS, vlicl vas Iaunclod on Iobruary 2, 2006, in 200 mosl bacIvard dislricls in llo
firsl plaso, las boon oxpandod lo 330 dislricls in llo socond plaso. Tlo romaining 266
dislricls lavo boon nolifiod on Soplombor 28, 2007 vloro llo sclomo las como inlo offocl
from ApriI 1, 2008.
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Bharat Nirman
Tlo programmo, vlicl vas Iaunclod in 200506 for buiIding infraslrucluro and basic
amonilios in ruraI aroas, las six compononls, viz. ruraI lousing, irrigalion polonliaI,
drinIing valor, ruraI roads, oIoclrificalion and ruraI loIoplony.
Mid-day Meal Scheme
Tlis programmo vas inlroducod as ono of fivo SociolaI Missions in 1986 and vas caIIod
llo NalionaI DrinIing Walor Mission. Il vas ronamod as Rajiv Gandli NalionaI DrinIing
Walor Mission in 1991.
National Rural Health Mission
Tlo NalionaI RuraI HoaIll Mission vas Iaunclod on ApriI 12, 2005 lo provido acossibIo,
affordabIo and accounlabIo quaIily loaIll sorvicos lo llo poorosl lousoloIds in llo ro-
molosl ruraI rogions.
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mision (JNNURM)
}NNURM, vlicl is for a sovon-yoar poriod from 200506 las lvo main compononls-Basic
Sorvicos lo llo Urban Ioor (BSUI) Irogrammo and Inlogralod Housing & SIum DovoI-
opmonl Irogrammo (IHSDI). BSUI vas Iaunclod lo assisl cilios and lovns in laIing up
lousing and infraslrucluraI faciIilios for llo urban poor in 63 soIoclod cilios in llo counlry.
IHSDI, vlicl vas Iaunclod simuIlanoousIy vill BSUI in Docombor 2005, is laIing up
lousing and sIum upgradalion programmos in non-BSUI cilios.
- Tlo objoclivo of llo sclomo is lo
provido foIIovslip in llo form of financiaI assislanco lo sludonls boIonging lo
ScloduIod Tribos lo pursuo liglor sludios.
- - - Tlis is a ConlraI Soclor
Sclomo, vill 100 por conl granl, avaiIabIo lo llo Slalo TribaI DovoIopmonl Cooporalivo
Corporalions, Iorosl DovoIopmonl Corporalions, and Minor Iorosl Iroduco.
-- - Tlo Sclomo Ixclango of Visils by TribaIs providing
vidor oxposuro and oxporionco slaring lo llo lribaIs by visils lo llo moro dovoIopod
aroas of llo counlry.
Tlo TribaI Cooporalivo MarIoling DovoIopmonl Iodoralion of India Iimilod (TRIIID),
vas sol up in 1987 as a nalionaI IovoI apox body undor llo MuIli Slalo Cooporalivo
Sociolios Acl, 1984 (MSCS Acl, 1984).
Tlo Ollor BacIvard CIassos (OBC) conslilulos oslimalod 52 por conl of popuIalion
as por Socond Roporl of BacIvard CIassos popuIarIy Inovn as MandaI Roporl.
-- --- In pursuanco of llo Supromo Courl
}udgomonl popuIarIy Inovn as MandaI }udgomonl (1992), llo NalionaI Commission
for BacIvard CIassos vas sol up in 1993 as a pormanonl body.
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Tlo quanlum of rosorvalion for SCs, STs, and OBCs in dirocl rocruilmonl on aII-India
basis by opon compolilion is 15 por conl, 7.5 por conl and 27 por conl rospoclivoIy.
Iivo roIigious communilios viz. MusIims, Clrislians, SiIls, Buddlisls and Zoroaslrians
(Iarsis) lavo boon nolifiod as minorilios as por provision undor llo NalionaI Commission
for Minorilios (NCM) Acl, 1992.
-- Tlo NalionaI IoIicy for OIdor Iorsons (NIOI)
vas announcod in }anuary, 1999, vill llo primary objoclivo viz., lo oncourago
individuaIs lo maIo provision for lloir ovn as voII as lloir spousos oId ago, lo
oncourago famiIios lo laIo caro of lloir oIdor famiIy mombors.
Womon and CliIdron (018 yoars) conslilulo rouglIy 71.14 of llo Indian popuIalion
as por 2001 consus. WliIo vomon (incIuding fomaIo cliId 018 yoars) conslilulo 48
of lolaI popuIalion, llo cliIdron (maIo and fomaIo 018 yoars) conslilulo 44 of lolaI
popuIalion.
Supporl lo Training and ImpIoymonl Irogrammo for Womon (STII) vas
Iaunclod as a ConlraI Soclor Sclomo in 1987. Il las mado a significanl impacl on
vomon in lradilionaI soclors by upgrading sIiIIs and providing ompIoymonl on
projocl basis by mobiIizing llom inlo viabIo groups.
- Svayamsidla is an inlogralod sclomo for llo dovoIopmonl and
ompovormonl of vomon. Il is basod on llo formalion of vomon inlo SoIf-HoIp
Groups (SHGs) vill omplasis on convorging sorvicos, dovoIoping accoss lo micro
crodil and promoling micro onlorprisos.
Tlo SHGs lavo croalod ovor 5424 Communily Assols. Tlo Sclomo vas ondod as on
31sl Marcl, 2009.
- -
Gondor Budgoling is llo appIicalion of gondor mainslroaming in llo budgolary procoss.
- A nov
Iav on llo proloclion of vomon from domoslic vioIonco las boon onaclod and
brougll inlo oporalion from 26.10.2006.
- As a moasuro of rocognilion of acliovomonls of individuaI
vomon in llo fioId of sociaI dovoIopmonl, llo Govornmonl of India las inslilulod
fivo nalionaI avards, Inovn as Slroo SlaIli IurasIar.
- Rajiv
Gandli NalionaI Croclo Sclomo for llo CliIdron of WorIing Mollors vas Iaunclod
vill offocl from 1sl }anuary, 2006 lo provido day caro faciIilios lo llo cliIdron of
vorIing mollors.
-CondilionaI Casl Transfor for GirI CliId vill
Insuranco Covor (CCT) vas Iaunclod on 3rd Marcl, 2008 by llo Minislry of Womon
and CliId DovoIopmonl.
In ordor lo provonl cliId marriagos, llo oxisling CliId Marriago Roslrainl Acl, 1929
vas ropoaIod and llo Irolibilion of CliId Marriago Acl, 2006.
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-- Il is a slalulory body conslilulod on 31.1.1992
undor llo NalionaI Commission for Womon Acl, 1990.
Various WomenOriented Schemes of State Governments
Madlya Iradosl Govornmonls Sclomo vas Iaunclod on Isl
Novombor, 1991 for ruraI and lribaI vomon vlicl incIudos foIoIoving fivo Sclomos-
- Ior loaIll caro and faciIilios al llo limo of doIivory of a cliId.
Ior providing vorIing capilaI lo ruraI vomon for smaII lrado.
- Govl. subsidy is providod for modicaI lroalmonl lo llo
poorosl vomon.
- Ioro orplan vidovs.
- Ior providing ompIoymonl lo SC/ST vomon in lribaI
aroas.
Haryana Govornmonls Sclomo vas Iaunclod on
2 Oclobor, 1994 undor vlicl an invoslmonl of ` 2500 is mado by llo Govornmonl
in Indira ViIar Ialra for novIy born fomaIo cliId in SC/ST famiIios vlicl bocomos
` 25000 aflor 18 yoar and givon lo llo concornod girI.
Gujaral Govls Sclomo vas Iaunclod in 1995 in
vlicl an assislanco of ` 5000 is providod lo famiIios laving annuaI incomo of Ioss
llan ` 7500 al llo limo of lloir daugllors marriago.
Malarasllra Govornmonls Sclomo providos llo finaniaI
opporlunilios of soIf ompIoymonl lo disabIod, divorcod vomon.
Andlra Iradosl Govornmonls Sclomo aims al
prolocling llo inlorosl of girI cliId in llo socioly.
Constitutional Provisions for Women andChild
Tlo Slalo slaII nol dony lo any porson oquaIily boforo llo Iav or llo oquaI
proloclion of Iavs vill in llo lorm of India.
Nolling in llis ArlicIo slaII provonl llo Slalo from maIing any spociaI
provisions for vomon and cliIdron.
No porson slaII bo doprivod of lis Iifo or porsonaI Iiborly oxcopl according
lo procoduro oslabIislod by Iav.
Tlo Slalo slaII provido froo and compuIsory oducalion lo aII cliIdron of
llo ago of 614 yoars in sucl mannor as llo Slalo may, by Iav, dolormino.
TrafficIing in luman boings and bogging and ollor forms of forcod Iabour
aro prolibilod and any conlravonlion of llis provision slaII bo an offonco punislabIo in
accordanco vill llo Iav.
No cliId boIov llo ago of 14 yoars slaII bo ompIoyod lo vorI in any faclory
or mino or ongagod in any ollor lazardous ompIoymonl.
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Tlo Slalo slaII ondoavour lo provido oarIy cliIdlood caro and oducalion
for aII cliIdron unliI lloy compIolo llo ago of six yoars.
Tlo Slalo slaII, in parlicuIar, dirocl ils poIicy lovards socuring: (o) llal llo
loaIll and slrongll of vorIors, mon and vomon, and llo londor ago of cliIdron aro nol
abusod and llal cilizons aro nol forcod by oconomic nocossily lo onlor avocalions unsuilod
lo lloir ago or slrongll.
Irovido for inslilulionaIizalion of cliId caro by
sooIing lo onlrusl programmos of Womon and CliId DovoIopmonl lo Ianclayal (Ilom 25
of ScloduIo 11), aparl from oducalion (ilom 17), famiIy voIfaro (ilom 25), loaIll and
sanilalion (Ilom 23) and ollor iloms vill a boaring on llo voIfaro of cliIdron.
India signod llo Convonlion on IIiminalion of Discriminalion againsl vomon (CIDAW)
on 30ll }uIy, 1980 and ralifiod il on 9ll }uIy, 1993 vill ono rosorvalion and lvo
docIaralory slalomonls.
India accodod lo llo UN Convonlion on llo Riglls of llo CliId on 11ll Docombor,
1992 lo roiloralo ils commilmonl lo llo causo of cliIdron.
Tlo commission for Iroloclion of CliId Riglls Acl 2005 vas nolifiod in llo Gazollo
of India on 20ll }anuary, 2006 and a NalionaI Commission for Iroloclion of CliId
Riglls vas sol up on 5ll Marcl, 2007.
Tlo NalionaI Crodil Iund for vomon or llo Rasllriya MaliIa Kosl vas sol up in
Marcl 1993 as an indopondonl rogislorod socioly vill an iniliaI corpus of ` 31 croro
vlicl las incroasod lo ` 100 croros ovor yoars.
Tlo Doparlmonl of Ionsion and Ionsionors WoIfaro, sol up in 1985, is llo nodaI
agoncy of llo GoI for formuIalion of gonoraI poIicy on ponsion and ollor roliromonl
bonofils, as aIso for rodrossaI of ponsionors griovancos.
Tlo Ollor BacIvard CIassos (OBC) conslilulos oslimalod 52 por conl of popuIalion
as por Socond Roporl of BacIvard CIassos popuIarIy Inovn as MandaI Roporl.
In pursuanco of llo Supromo Courl }udgomonl popuIarIy Inovn as MandaI }udgomonl
(1992), llo NalionaI Commission for BacIvard CIassos vas sol up in 1993 as a
pormanonl body for onlorlaining, oxamining and advising llo Govornmonl on roquosls
for incIusion and compIainls of ovor-incIusion and undor incIusion in llo Iisls of Ollor
BacIvard CIassos (OBCs) of cilizons.
Tlo NalionaI BacIvard CIassos Iinanco and DovoIopmonl Corporalion (NBCIDC)
providos crodil faciIilios lo bonoficiarios vloso annuaI incomo is Ioss llan doubIo
llo povorly Iino for various incomo gonoralion aclivilios incIuding impIomonlalion
of MaliIa Samridli Yojana.
Ior llo marginaIisod soclions of llo socioly NalionaI IoIicy for Iorsons vill DisabiIilios
las boon finaIisod in 2005. Tlo poIicy focusos on llo provonlion of disabiIilios, llo
plysicaI and oconomic rolabiIilalion moasuros for disabIod porsons.
A comprolonsivo Iav, namoIy, llo Iorsons vill DisabiIilios (IquaI Opporlunilios,
Iroloclion of Riglls and IuII Iarlicipalion) Acl, 1995 las boon onaclod and onforcod
in Iobruary, 1996.
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Tlo Iav doaIs vill boll provonlion and promolion aspocls of llo rolabiIilalion sucl
as oducalion, ompIoymonl and vocalionaI lraining, croalion of barrior-froo onvironmonl,
provision of rolabiIilalion sorvicos for porsons vill disabiIilios.
Tlo RolabiIilalion CounciI of India is a slalulory body sol up undor llo RolabiIilalion
CounciI of India Acl, 1992. Tlo CounciI is rosponsibIo for roguIaling llo lraining
poIicios and programmos for various calogorios of profossionaIs in llo aroa of
rolabiIilalion and spociaI oducalion.
Tlo Govornmonl las ro-conslilulod a NalionaI CounciI for OIdor Iorsons (NCOI) lo adviso
and aid llo Govornmonl on dovoIoping poIicios and programmos for oIdor porsons.
Tlo Irimo Minislors Nov 15-Ioinl Irogrammo for llo WoIfaro of Minorilios vas
announcod in }uno, 2006. Tlo objoclivos of llo programmo aro: (a) Inlancing
opporlunilios for oducalion, (b) Insuring an oquilabIo slaro for minorilios in oconomic
aclivilios and ompIoymonl, llrougl oxisling and nov sclomos, onlancod crodil
supporl for soIf-ompIoymonl, and rocruilmonl lo Slalo and ConlraI Govornmonl jobs,
(c) Improving llo condilions of Iiving of minorilios by onsuring an approprialo slaro
for llom in infraslrucluro dovoIopmonl sclomos, (d) Irovonlion and conlroI of
communaI dislarmony and vioIonco.
Tlirloon Slalo Govornmonls namoIy Andlra Iradosl, Assam, Bilar, Cllalisgarl,
Govornmonl of NCT of DoIli, }larIland, KarnalaIa, Malarasllra, Madlya Iradosl,
Rajasllan, Ullar Iradosl, TamiI Naduand Wosl BongaI lavo sol up slalulorycommissions
for minorilios. Manipur and UllaranclaI lavo sol up non-slalulory commissions
Constitutional Provisions for Minorities
Irolibilion of discriminalion on grounds of roIigion.
IquaIily of opporlunily in mallors of pubIic ompIoymonl.
Iroodom of conscionco and froo profossion, praclico and propagalion of roIigion.
Iroodom lo Manago roIigious affairos.
Rigll lo consorvo Ianguago, scripl, and cuIluro.
Rigll lo oslabIisl and adminislor oducalionaI inslilulions.
Rocognilion of Ianguago.
RodrossaI of griovancos lo any aullorily in llo govornmonl in any of llo
Ianguagos usod in slalos/UT.
Inslruclion llrougl mollor longuo al llo primary slago of oducalion.
Invosligalo aII mallors roIaling lo Iinguislic minorilios.
-- - - - Ior laving a dolaiIod
oxaminalion lo dolormino llo criloria for idonlificalions of sociaIIy and oconomicaIIy
bacIvard soclions among roIigious and Iinguislic minorilios and lo suggosl moasuros
for lloir voIfaro, llo Govornmonl las conslilulod a NalionaI Commission for RoIigious
and Iinguislic Minorilios, vill llo foIIoving lorms of roforonco: (a) lo suggosl
criloria for idonlificalion of sociaIIy and oconomicaIIy bacIvard soclions among
INDIA 2011
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roIigious and Iinguislic minorilios, (b) lo rocommond moasuros for voIfaro of sociaIIy
andoconomicaIIybacIvard soclions amongroIigious and Iinguislic minorilios, incIuding
rosorvalion in oducalion and govornmonl ompIoymonl, (c) lo suggosl llo nocossary
conslilulionaI, IogaI and adminislralivo modaIilios, as roquirod.
Iaryadarslini viII bo an SHG basod projocl for loIislic ompovormonl of vomon and
adoIosconl girIs in 6 dislricls faiIing in llo Mid-Gangolic pIains of Ullar Iradosl and
Bilar. NABARD viII bo llo Ioad Irogrammo Agoncy lo impIomonl llo programmo.
Tlo Svadlar Sclomo vas Iaunclod by llo Doparlmonl during llo yoar 20012002
as a ConlraI Soclor Sclomo for providing loIislic and inlogralod sorvicos lo vomon
in difficuIl circumslancos, sucl as doslilulo vidovs dosorlod by lloir famiIios in
roIigious pIacos IiIo Vrindaban and Kasli, vomon prisonors roIoasod from jaiI and
villoul famiIy supporl.
Tlo Sclomo of Slorl Slay Homos vas Iaunclod in llo yoar 1969, is moanl lo provido
lomporary accommodalion, mainlonanco and rolabiIilalivo sorvicos llrougl voIunlary
organizalions lo vomon and girIs rondorod lomoIoss duo lo famiIy discord or crimo.
Tlo Sclomo of IamiIy CounsoIIing Conlros (ICCs) vas inlroducod by ConlraI SociaI
WoIfaro Board (CSWB) in 1983. Tlo Conlros provido counsoIing, roforraI and
rolabiIilalivo sorvicos lo vomon and cliIdron vlo aro viclims of alrocilios, famiIy
maIadjuslmonl and sociaI oslracism and aIso provido crisis inlorvonlion and lrauma
counsoIing in caso of naluraI disaslors.
Tlo sclomo of Avaronoss Gonoralion Irogrammo (AGI) aims al gonoraling avaronoss
amongsl vomon and communily al Iargo on riglls, slalus and probIoms of vomon
in parlicuIar and ollor sociaI concorns. Undor llo Sclomo, camps aro organizod,
vlicl provido a pIalform for vomon lo como logollor, oxlond lloir oxporioncos and
idoas and in llo procoss dovoIop an undorslanding of roaIily and aIso llo vay lo
lacIIo llo probIoms and lloir noods.
A nov sclomo caIIod UjjavaIaA Comprolonsivo Sclomo for Irovonlion of
TrafficIing, vill fivo spocific CompononlsIrovonlion, roscuo, rolabiIialion,
roinlogralion and ropalrialion of viclims of TrafficIing las boon Iaunclod on 4ll
Docombor, 2007.
Tlo Govornmonl of India las Iaunclod llo NalionaI Mission of Impovormonl of
vomon (201015) (NMIW) on 8ll Marcl, 2010, vill a viov lo ompovoring vomon
sociaIIy, oconomicaIIy and oducalionaIIy.
RajivGandli Sclomo for Impovormonl of AdoIosconl GirIsSABIAlas boon proposod
for adoIosconl girIs in llo ago group of 11/15 yoars by morgor of Kislori SlaIli Yojana
and Nulrilion Irogrammo for AdoIosconl GirIs aIong vill conlonl onriclmonl. Tlo
sclomo RGSIAG vouId aim al ompovoring adoIosconl girIs aIong vill improvomonl
in llis nulrilionaI and loaIll slalus upgrading various sIiIIs IiIo lomo sIiIIs, Iifo sIiIIs
and vocalionaI sIiIIs.
Tlo Minislry las
a conlraIIy sponsorod SclomoIndira Gandli Malrilva Salyog Yojana (IGMSY)a
CondilionaI Malornily Bonofil (CMB) Sclomo.
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As a moasuro of rocognilion of acliovomonls of individuaI vomon in llo fioId of
sociaI dovoIopmonl, llo Govornmonl of India las inslilulod fivo nalionaI avards,
Inovn as Slroo SlaIli IurasIar. Tloso avards viII bo in llo namo of llo foIIoving
ominonl vomon porsonaIilios from Indian lislory. Dovi AliIya Bai HoIIar, Kannagi,
Mala }ijabai, Rani GaidonIou ZoIiang and Rani IaIslrni Bai.
- Sclomo vas Iaunclod in 1975
as a ConlraIIy Sponsorod Sclomo vill llo foIIoving objoclivos: (a) lo improvo llo
nulrilionaI and loaIll slalus of cliIdron boIov llo ago of six yoars and prognanl and
Iaclaling mollors, (b) lo Iay llo foundalion for llo propor psycloIogicaI, plysicaI
and sociaI dovoIopmonl of llo cliId, (c) lo roduco llo incidonls of morlaIily, morbidily,
maInulrilion and sclooI dropouls, (d) lo acliovo offoclivo coordinalion of poIicy and
impIomonlalion among various doparlmonls lo promolo cliId dovoIopmonl.
Tlo NalionaI IoIicy for CliIdron adoplod on 22nd Augusl, 1974 Iays dovn llal llo
Slalo slaII provido adoqualo sorvicos lovards cliIdron boll boforo and aflor birll
and during llo groving slagos for lloir fuII plysicaI, monlaI and sociaI dovoIopmonl.
Tlo Govornmonl of India adoplod llo NalionaI Clarlor for cliIdron as nolifiod in
llo Gazolloo of India on 9ll Iobruary, 2004.
UPSCPORTALS
IAS PRELIMINARY2012
GENERAL SCIENCE
For
General Studies
S. A. Majid
INDIA 2011
333
conslilulo noarIy 40 of Indias popuIalion. Minislry of Youll Affairs and Sporls
las announcod lvo nov sclomos:
(i) NalionaI Irogrammo for AdoIosconl and Youll DovoIopmonl (NIYAD) (roslruclurod
sclomo), and
(ii) Ianclayal Yuva Krida Aur KloI Abilyan las boon inlroducod in llo Minislry
during llo 11ll IIan v.o.f. 01.04.2008.
Tlo firsl NalionaI Youll IoIicy vas formuIalod and Iaid in IarIiamonl in 1988. Tlo
ago group of llo Youll, as por llo NalionaI Youll IoIicy, 2003, is 13 lo 35 yoars.
Tlo Nov IoIicy rocognisos four llrusl aroas viz.
(i) Youll Impovormonl,
-
Tlo Rajiv Gandli NalionaI Sriporumbur, Aulonomous body for coordinaling
Insliluo TN and moniloring youll roIalod aclivilios
in llo counlry.
Sporls Aullorily of India DoIli, 1984 Il is nodaI agoncy in llo counlry for
broad basod sporls and for lraining of
sporls porsons.
Nolaji Sublasl NalionaI Inslilulo IaliaIa Undor Sporls Aullorily of India.
of Sporls
IasImibai NalionaI CoIIogo of Tlrivanlla- (Undor Sporls Aullorily of India
IlysicaI Iduclion puram, 1957 Doomod Univorsily slalus.
Higl AIliludo Training Conlro SliIIaroo (H.I.) Undor Sporls Aullorily of India
YouthAffairsand
Sports
29
INDIA 2011
334
(ii) Gondor }uslico,
(iii) Inlor-SocloraI Approacl, and
(iv) Informalion and Rosoarcl NolvorI.
Il las furllor boon docidod lo roviov and roviso llo NalionaI Youll IoIicy, 2003 in
llo conloxl of 11ll Iivo Yoar IIan. Tlo rovisod umbroIIa sclomo viII bo oporalod
by llo Minislry of Youll Affairs and Sporls as a 100 conlraI soclor sclomo during
11ll fivo Yoar IIan.
Tlo oxprossion youll vouId covor porsons boIonging lo llo ago group of 13 lo 35 yoars
and adoIosconl vouId covor porsons in llo ago group of 1019 yoars undor llo sclomo.
In soIoclion of bonoficiary vomon viII lavo a dislincl priorily
and caro slouId bo laIon lo incIudo al Ioasl ono-llird bonoficiarios from vomon.
Ivory yoar, llo Minislry of Youll Affairs and Sporls las boon coIobraling llo birllday
of Svami VivoIananda, llo groal pliIosoplor and llinIor. IarIior, llo NalionaI Youll
IoslivaI vas coIobralod from 12ll16ll }anuary. Il las boon docidod lo coIobralo llo
foslivaI from 8ll lo 12ll }anuary ovory yoar onvards.
popuIarIy Inovn as NSS, vas Iaunclod on Gandlijis Birll
Conlonary 1969. Al NalionaI IovoI, llo NSS Hoadquarlor in llo Minislry of Youll
Affairs & Sporls, IooIs aflor poIicy, pIanning and moniloring of llo sclomo.
- vas Iaunclod in 2005 in pIaco of orslvliIo
NalionaI Roconslruclion Crops Sclomo. Tlo sclomo aims al oncouraging Ioadorslip
among llo ruraI youll.
-- aro buiIl lo promolo youll lravoI, lo onabIo llo young poopIo oxporionco
llo ricl cuIluraI lorilago of llo counlry. Tlo conslruclion of Youll HosloIs las boon
concoivod as a joinl vonluro of llo ConlraI and Slalo Govornmonls.
In ordor lo broad-baso sporls and lo promolo oxcoIIonco, llo Govornmonl las formuIalod
a - . Tlo saIionl foaluros of llo NalionaI Sporls IoIicy 2001
aro as undor:
(i) Broad-basing of Sporls and acliovomonl of oxcoIIonco,
(ii) Upgradalion and dovoIopmonl of infraslrucluro,
(iii) Supporl lo llo NalionaI Sporls Iodoralions and ollor approprialo bodios,
(iv) Slronglloning of scionlific and coacling supporl lo sporls,
(v) Inconlivos lo promolo sporls,
(vi) Inlancod parlicipalion of vomon, ScloduIod Tribos and ruraI youll,
(vii) InvoIvomonl of llo Corporalo Soclor in sporls promolion, and
(viii) Iromolo sporls mindodnoss among llo pubIic al Iargo.
- - - vas oslabIislod iniliaIIy
as a CoIIogo on 17ll Augusl 1957, llo conlonary yoar of llo firsl var of Indias
Indopondonco. Tlo Univorsily is Iocalod al GvaIior.
- las boon
formuIalod by morgor of four 100 conlraI soclor granls-in-aid sclomos of llo
INDIA 2011
335
Minislry of Youll Affairs & Sporls during 10ll IIan namoIy, Iromolion of Youll
Aclivilios & Training, Iromolion of NalionaI Inlogralion, Iromolion of Advonluro
and DovoIopmonl and Impovormonl of AdoIosconls. Tlo morgor vas dono vill a
viov lo roduco muIlipIicily of sclomos vill simiIar objoclivos.
Tlo Minislry las sanclionod an amounl of ` 195 IaIls for various aclivilios/programmos
undorlloUmbroIIa SclomoNalionaI Irogrammo forYoullandAdoIosconl DovoIopmonl.
Oul of llis, ` 193.98 IaIls, as 1sl inslaIImonl, las boon roIoasod lo various VoIunlary
Organisalions in llo Norll Iasl Rogion. Minislry of Youll Affairs &Sporls in coIIaboralion
vill llo Slalo Govornmonl of Odisla organizod llo 15ll NalionaI youll IoslivaI al
Blubanoslvar, Odisla from 8 lo 12 }anuary, 2010. Tlo llomo of llo IoslivaI vas
CoIobraling Divorsily. Tlo Iirsl Norll-Iasl Youll IoslivaI vas organisod joinlIy by
llo Doparlmonl of Youll Affairs, Govornmonl of India and NagaIand Govornmonl al
Indira Gandli Sladium al Kolima from 8 lo 10 Oclobor, 2009.
Rajiv Gandli Advonluros Sclomo vas Iaunclod on 26ll }uno, 2009 lo bo conduclod
aII ovor llo counlry from HimaIayan rogion in llo Norll and in Kunnur and ToIIadi
in Soull India, on a yoarIy basis for 200 NSS voIunloors vill al Ioasl 50 of llo
voIunloors boing girIs sludonls.
NYKS is an aulonomous organisalion of llo Minislry of Youll Affairs and Sporls.
NYKS las ils officos in 501 dislricls and 28 zonaI officos of llo counlry. Il is proposod
lo oxlond NYKS lo llo romaining 122 dislricls during llo curronl pIan poriod.
A nov Sclomo - by amaIgamaling llo lvo oxisling
sclomos-llo NalionaI Sorvico VoIunloor Sclomo (NSVS) and llo Rasllriya Sadlbavana
Yojana (RSY) las boon inlroducod. Tlo Sclomo vouId onabIo young mon and vomon
in llo ago group of 1825 yoars lo sorvo up lo lvo yoars in nalion buiIding.
Doparlmonl of Youll Affairs prosonls nalionaI Youll Avards ovory yoar lo molivalo
young porsons lo acliovo oxcoIIonco in llo fioId of nalionaI sorvico.
Vision is lo vorI lovards a socioly vloro
young vomon and mon aro ompovorod by dovoIoping lloir polonliaI croalivily and
sIiIIs as produclivo and dynamic mombors of lloir sociolios. CYR Asia Conlro al
Clandigarl is ono of llo four CYI RogionaI oslabIislmonls aIong vill llo Conlros
in IusaIa (Zambia) for llo Africa rogion, Goorgolovn (Guyana) for llo Caribboan
rogion and SoIomon isIands for llo Soull Iraclico Rogion.
Undor llis programmo,
oxclango of Youll DoIogalions vill friondIy counlrios is laIon up on rociprocaI bass
for promoling oxclango of idoas, vaIuos and cuIluro amongsl llo youll of difforonl
counlrios and aIso lo dovoIop inlornalionaI undorslanding.
Scouling and Guiding is an inlornalionaI oducalionaI movomonl
aimod al dovoIoping llo claraclor of boys and girIs.
- vas oslabIislod by llo Govornmonl of India in }anuary
1984 as a rogislorod socioly primariIy lo onsuro offoclivo mainlonanco and oplimum
uliIisalion of llo various sporls infraslrucluro llal voro buiIl in DoIli during Asiad,
INDIA 2011
336
1982. Il is nov llo nodaI agoncy in llo counlry for broad-basing sporls and for
lraining of sporlsporsons lo acliovo oxcoIIonco in nalionaI and inlornalionaI sporls.
- CommonvoaIll Gamos 2010 voro loslod in DoIli
from 3rd Ocl. lo 14ll Oclobor. 71 counlrios parlicipalod in lloso gamos. India von
101 modaIs incIuding 38 GoId, ils liglosl ovor and slood socond in llo laIIy bolind
AuslraIia vill a lolaI of 177 modaIs.
Assislanco is providod lo promising
sporlsporsons for lraining and lraining-cum-compolilions in India and abroad, for
purclaso of oquipmonl, for scionlific supporl.
- vas inslilulod by llo ConlraI Govornmonl vill
a viov lo mobiIizing rosourcos from llo Govornmonl as voII as non-govornmonlaI
sourcos for promolion of sporls and gamos in llo counlry.
Govornmonl las inslilulod a nov avard onlilIod - - -
fromllo yoar 2009, vlicl las four calogorios, namoIy, communily sporls dovoIopmonl,
promolion of sporls acadomios of oxcoIIonco, supporl lo oIilo sporlsporsons and
ompIoymonl lo sporlsporsons. Tlo avards consisl of a cilalion and a lroply in oacl
of llo abovo monlionod calogorios. Tloro is no casl avard.
- - - is organizod by llo Sporls Aullorily ovory yoar in
ono of llo Norll Iaslorn Slalos by rolalion in coIIaboralion vill llo concornod Slalo
Govornmonl.
is llo nalionaI organizalion rosponsibIo for
promoling, coordinaling and moniloring llo doping conlroI programmo in sporls in
llo counlry.
- is rosponsibIo for losling dopo sampIos
and conducling advanco rosoarcl on llo subjocl by mainlaining cIoso associalion vill
llo WADA and WADA accrodilod Iaboralorios. Tlo NDTI las nov bocomo llo 35ll
WADA accrodilod Iaboralory in llo WorId and 6ll in llo Asian Rogion.
- - - - Tlo Minislry
las for llo firsl limo formuIalod a sclomo for promolion of sporls and gamos among
disabIod.
INDIA 2011
337
StatesandUnion
Territories
STATES
Andhra Pradesh
- Novombor 1, 1956 Hydorabad, 2,75,069
sq Im, Boundod by Cllallisgarl, TamiI Nadu, Odisla, Malarasllra,
KarnalaIa and Bay of BongaI, 7,61,11,243,
13.86, - - 275, 978,
61.1190 70.85 51.17) -- 23,
- ToIugu, DaIlini and Urdu, - UnicamoraI, -- -
295, -- 42, Novombor 1.
Il is bound on llo norll by Odisla and Cllallisgarl, on llo vosl by Malarasllra
and KarnalaIa, on llo soull by TamiI Nadu and on llo oasl by llo Bay of BongaI.
Andlra Iradosl is lisloricaIIy caIIod llo Rico BovI of India. Ollor imporlanl crops
aro jovar, bajra, maizo, ragi, smaII miIIols, puIsos, caslor, lobacco, collon and sugar-
cano.
AgricuIluro is llo main occupalion of aboul 62 por conl of llo poopIo.
Andlra Iradosl occupios llo firsl posilion in rospocl of agricuIluraI Ioans from
commorciaI and cooporalivo banIs.
Il is llo firsl slalo lo invoIvo llo farmors in llo managomonl of irrigalion sourcos.
AI las promolod 102 SpociaI Iconomic Zonos (SIZs) of vlicl 64 lavo boon nolifiod
by llo Govornmonl of India.
AI slands firsl in Barylos and Iimoslono produclion in llo counlry.
Rajiv Arogyasri is a uniquo loaIll insuranco sclomo boing impIomonlod in Andlra
Iradosl.
30
INDIA 2011
338
Tloro is ono major Iorl al VisaIlapalnam undor Govornmonl of India and 13 Non-
Major Iorls undor Slalo Govornmonl. AI is llo 2nd liglosl cargo landIing slalo in
India.
Clarminar, SaIarjung Musoum, GoIconda Iorl in Hydorabad, Tlousand IiIIars TompIo
al WarangaI aro llo major lourisl pIacos.
Arunachal Pradesh
- Iobruary, 29, 1987, : Ilanagar, 83,743
sq Im, Boundod in llo Wosl lo Blulan, inllo Norll and Norll-Iasl lo Clina
and Blulan, in llo Iasl lo Myanmar and in llo Soull lo Assam and NagaIand
10,96,702, 13.86,
- - 13, 901, 54.74 -
64.07 - 44.24), 20.41, --
16, Monpa, Miji, AIa, SlorduIpon, Bangni, Nisling,
Apalani, Tagin, HiII Miri, Adi, GaIIong, Digaru-Mislmi, Idu-Mislmi, Miju-Mislmi,
Klampli, Noclo, Tangsa and Wanclo, - UnicamoraI, -- - 60,
- 2, May 20.
ArunaclaI Iradosl, bocamo a fuII-fIodgod Slalo on Iobruary, 20, 1987. TiII 1972, il
vas Inovn as llo Norll-Iasl Ironlior Agoncy (NIIA).
AgricuIluro is llo mainslay of llo poopIo of ArunaclaI Iradosl and mainIy doponds
on jlum cuIlivalion.
Assam
-- }anuary, 21, 1972, Dispur, 78,438 sq Im
Boundod in llo Norll lo Blulan and ArunaclaI Iradosl, in llo Wosl lo
Wosl BongaI, in llo Iasl lo NagaIand and Manipur and in llo Soull lo MoglaIaya,
Mizoram, Tripura as voII as BangIadosl on ils Soull,
2,66,38,407. 18.85, - -
340, 932, - 71.93, - 56.03),
12.72, -- 27, Assamoso, -
UnicamoraI, -- - 126, - 14, }anuary 21.
Ils originaI namo of llo Aloms, vlo ruIod llo Iand for aboul six lundrod yoars.
Tlo racos IiIo Auslric, MongoIian, Dravidian and Aryan llal camo lo llis Iand
Iong ago. Il is cIoso lo Indias inlornalionaI bordors vill BangIadosl and
Blulan.
Assam is an agricuIluraI Slalo. Tlo principaI food crop is rico. HorlicuIluro iloms aro
orango, banana, pinoappIo, arocanul, coconul, guava, mango, jacIfruil and cilrus
INDIA 2011
339
fruils aro grovn loro. Of agricuIluro-basod induslrios, loa occupios an imporlanl
pIaco.
Assamlas fivo NalionaI IarIs and oIovon viIdIifo sancluarios. Tlo Kaziranga NalionaI
IarI and llo Manas Tigor Irojocl (NalionaI IarI) aro inlornalionaIIy famous for llo
ono lornod Rlino and RoyaI BongaI Tigor rospoclivoIy.
A Soflvaro ToclnoIogy IarI viII bo conslruclod al Borjlar noar Guvalali.
Bihar
Docombor, 12, 1936, Ialna, 94, 63 sq Im,
in llo Iasl lo Wosl BongaI, in llo Wosl lo Ullar Iradosl, in llo
Soull lo }larIland, in llo Norll lo NopaI, 8,28,78,796,
28.43, - - 880,
921, 47. 53 - 60. 32, - 33.57,
10.47, -- 38,
Hindi - BicamoraI -- - 243, - 40,
Docombor 12.
Bilar finds monlion in llo Vodas, Iuranas, opics, olc., and vas llo main scono of
aclivilios of Buddla, and llo 24 }ain TirllanIars. Groal ruIors of llo Slalo boforo
llo Clrislian ora voro Bimbisar, Udayin, vlo foundod llo cily of IalaIipulra.
}larIland. Bilar las a numbor of rivors, llo mosl imporlanl of vlicl is llo Ganga.
Tlo ollor rivors aro llo Sono, Ioonpoon, IaIgu, Karmanasa, Durgavali, Kosi (caIIod
as sorrov of Bilar), GandaI, Glaglara, olc.
Major Induslrios aro : RaiIvay Wagon IIanls of Blaral Wagon Iimilod al Muzaffarpur
and MoIamal, OiI Rofinory of Indian OiI Corporalion al Barauni olc.
Imporlanl pIacos of lourisl inlorosl aro Rajgir, NaIanda, VaislaIi, Iavapuri (vloro
Iord Malavira broallod lis Iasl and allainod Nirvana), Bodl Gaya, ViIramsliIa
olc.
Chhattisgarh
- Novombor 1, 2000, Raipur, 136,034 sq
Im, Boundod in llo Norll lo Ullar Iradosl, in llo Norll and Norll
Wosl lo Madlya Iradosl, in llo Norll-Iasl lo }larIland and in llo Iasl lo Odisla,
in llo Wosl lo Malarasllra and in llo Soull lo Andlra Iradosl,
20, 795. 956, 18.06, -
- 154, 990, 65.18 - 77.86,
- 52. 40, -- 18, - Hindi,
- UnicamoraI, -- - 90, - 11,
Oclobor 31.
INDIA 2011
340
Cllallisgarl, carvod oul of Madlya Iradosl camo inlo boing on 1sl Novombor, 2000
as llo 26ll Slalo of llo Union.
AgricuIluro and aIIiod aclivilios accounl for noarIy 80 por conl of llo vorI forco in llo
slalo.
Cllallisgarl las a vido varioly of minoraIs found in ignoous, sodimonlary and
molamorplic rocIs. Iargo doposils of coaI, iron oro, Iimoslono, bauxilo, doIomilo and
lin oro aro Iocalod in sovoraI parls of llo slalo.
Il is llo onIy lin oro producing slalo in llo counlry.
Goa
May 30, 1987, Ianaji, 3,702 sq Im. - 105 Im,
Boundod onils oasl andsoullloKarnalaIa, inllo norlllo Malarasllra, inllo
vosl lo llo Arabian Soa. Tlo WoslornGlals aro lo ils oasl, 1,343,998
14.89, - - 363,
960, 8.32, - 88.88, - 75.51,
49.77, -- 2, - Maralli and
KonIani, - UnicamoraI, -- - 40, - 2,
Docombor 19.
In 1510, AIfonso do AIbuquorquo vill llo loIp of llo omporor of Vijayanagar allacIod
and caplurod Goa. Il is llo smaIIosl slalo.
Goa is silualod on llo voslorn coasl of llo Indian IoninsuIa. On ils norll runs llo
ToroIloI rivor vlicl soparalos Goa from Malarasllra.
AgricuIluro occupios imporlanl posilion. Rico is llo main food crop. IuIsos, ragi and
ollor food crops aro aIso grovn. Main casl crops aro coconul, caslovnul, arocanul,
sugarcano and fruils IiIo pinoappIo, mango and banana.
Iisl assumos spociaI significanco for llo Slalo 90of llo popuIalion of Goa is fisl diolarian.
Goa las llo dislinclion lo lavo acliovod llo ISO 90012000 corlificalion llrougl llo
Dirocloralo of Arl and CuIluro.
Mormugao is llo major porl in llo Slalo.
Gujarat
May 1, 1960, Gandlinagar, 1,96,024 sq Im,
Iocalod in llo Woslorn India, il is boundod by Arabian Soa in llo Wosl,
IaIislan and Rajasllan in Norll and Norll-Iasl rospoclivoIy. Madlya Iradosl in
Soull-Iasl and Malarasllra in Soull. 50,596,992,
22.48, - - 258,
921, 69.70, - 80.50, - 58.60,
37.35, -- 25,
Gujarali, Hindi - UnicamoraI, -- - 182
- 26, May 1
INDIA 2011
341
Gujaral is llo main producor of collon, groundnul and lobacco in llo counlry.
Tlo sclomo }yoli Gram Yojana of Gujaral Slalo Govornmonl is Iaunclod for ruIar
oIoclricily.
Tlo Sardar Sarovar Narmada Irojocl las llo uIlimalo irrigalion polonliaI.
Haryana
Novombor 1, 1966, Clandigarl, 44,212 sq Im,
Silualod inNorllIndia, il is boundodby Ullar Iradosl inIasl, Iunjab inWosl,
HimaclaI Iradosl in Norll, Rajasllan in Soull, DoIli forms an oncIavo on ils oaslorn
boundary, 21,082,989,
28.06, - - 477, 861, 68.59-
79.25, - 56.31, 29, -- 20,
Hindi, Haryanvi, - UnicamoraI, -- - 90,
- 10, Novombor 1.
Tlo slalo vas llo lomo of llo Iogondary Blarala dynasly, vlicl las givon llo namo
Blaral lo India.
AgricuIluro is llo mainslay of moro llan 65 por conl popuIalion in Haryana.
IrincipaI crops aro rico, vloal, jovar, bajra, maizo, barIoy and puIsos, sugarcano,
collon, oiIsoods and polalo aro llo major crops of llo slalo. IT IarI and Nano
cily aro boing sol up in IanclIuIa dislricl lo croalo an onvironmonl and an oco
syslom.
Haryana is impIomonling an IT Iiloracy IIan for Govornmonl ompIoyoos lo acliovo
100 IT Iiloracy in llo Slalo.
Il is llo Iargosl producor of cars, lraclors, molorcycIos, bicycIos, rofrigoralors, scionlific
inslrumonls, olc.
Il is llo Iargosl oxporlor of Basmali rico lo llo ovorsoas marIol.
Haryana las no poronniaI rivors. Tlo onIy rivor is llo Glaggar.
Himachal Pradesh
- }anuary, 25, 1971, SlimIa, 55,673 sq Im
Iocalodinllo NorllIndia, il is boundodby}ammuandKaslmir onnorll, Iunjab
on llo vosl and soull-vosl, Haryana on llo soull, Ullar Iradosl on soull-oasl and by
Tibol on oasl. 60,70,305,
17.53, - - 109, 970, 77.13, - 86.02,
- 68.08, 9.79, -- 12,
Hindi and Ialari, - UnicamoraI, -- - 68,
- 4, ApriI 15.
INDIA 2011
342
HimaclaI Iradosl silualod in llo loarl of llo Woslorn HimaIaya, idonlifiod as Dov
Blumi is boIiovod lo bo llo abodo of Gods and Goddossos.
HimaclaI Iradosl, loday is quolod as a succossfuI modoI of liII aroa dovoIopmonl.
AgricuIluro boing llo main occupalion of llo poopIo of HimaclaI Iradosl.
HimaclaI Iradosl las immonso lydro-polonliaI in ils fivo rivor basins Clonab,
Rabi, Boas, SalIuj and Yamuna.
H.I. Slalo vido Aroa NolvorI (HIM SWAN) vlicl las boon compIolod las boon
connoclod lo inlornol.
HimaclaI Iradosl las omorgod as llo 3rd bosl Slalo in lorms of ovor-aII dovoIopmonl
and porformanco of oducalion.
Jammu and Kashmir
- Oclobor 26, 1947, Srinagar, }ammu,
222,236 sq Im. incIudos 78114 sq Im undor iIIogaI occupalion by IaIislan, 5,180 sq Im
iIIogaIIy landod ovor by IaIislan lo Clina and 37555 sq Im undor iIIogaI occupalion
of Clina, Iocalod inoxlromo Norll, il is boundod by Tibol inIasl, Iunjab and
HimaclaI IradoslinSoull, IaIislanin Wosl. Ils boundarios oxlond lo Russian TurIislan
in Norll. 101,387, 29.04,
- - 99, 900, 54.46, -
65.75, - 41.82, 54.46, --
15, - Urdu, Dogri, Kaslmiri, - BicamoraI, ---
87, - 6, Iobruary, 6.
Tlis slalo las uniquo pIaco in llo counlry. Il is govornod undor Arl. 370 in Indian union.
AgricuIluro conslilulos an imporlanl soclor of llo slalo oconomy as around 70 of
llo popuIalion of }&K dopond on il.
}ammu & Kaslmir is voII Inovn for ils lorlicuIluro produco. Tomporalo fruils IiIo
appIo, poar, poacl, pIum, aImonds, clorry and sub-lropicaI fruils IiIo mango, guava,
cilrus, Iilcli olc. aro producod loro.
Tourism is a induslry loro.
Jharkhand
Novombor 15, 2000, Rancli, 79,714 sq Im,
Boundod by Wosl BongaI, inllo Iasl, Ullar Iradosl and Cllallisgarl in llo
Wosl, Bilar in llo Norll and Odisla in llo Soull. 26,909,428, -
- 338, 23.19,
941, 54. - 67.94, - 39.38,
22 - 24, Hindi, - UnicamoraI,
-- - 81, - 14, Novombor 15.
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}larIland vlicl camo inlo boing on 15ll Novombor, 2000 as llo 28ll Slalo of llo
Union is llo lomoIand of llo lribaIs.
AgricuIluro and aIIiod aclivilios aro llo major sourco of }larIlands oconomy.
Damodar, MauraIsli, BaraIar, Norll KoyoI, Soull KoyoI, SanIl, SubarnaroIla,
KlarIai, and Ajay aro major valor rosourcos in llo Slalo.
Somo of }larIlands major induslrios aro: BoIaro SlooI IIanl in llo pubIic soclor,
Tala Iron and SlooI Company (TISCO) in }amslodpur in llo privalo soclor.
Tlo Slalo is ricl in minoraI rosourcos. Tlo imporlanl avaiIabIo minoraIs aro coaI, iron
oro, Iimo slono, coppor oro, bauxilo, pyrilo, clina cIay, Iyanilo, fino cIay doIomilo,
graplilo, bonlonilo, soap slono, quarlz sand and siIica sand, olc.
Karnataka
Novombor 1,1973, BangaIoro, 191,791 sq Im.
Iocalod in llo Soull India, il is boundod in llo Norll by Malarasllra, in llo
Iasl byAndlra Iradosl, inllo Soull by TamiI Naduand KoraIa, in llo Wosl byArabian
Soa and Norll-Wosl by Goa, 52,733,958,
17.25, - - 275, 964.
67.04, - 76.29, - 57.45, 33.98,
-- 29, Kannada, - BicamoraI, ---
234, - 28, Novombor 1.
Aflor Indopondonco, llo Mysoro Slalo vas croalod in 1953. Il vas ronamod KarnalaIa
in 1973.
Tlo Slalo las 66 RuraI popuIalion and 55.60 por conl of vorIors aro agricuIluraI
Iabourors.
KarnalaIa is ono of llo major miII producors.
Il las onIy ono Major Iorl al MangIoro. Il is llo conlor of I.T. in llo counlry.
Oulrys Iirsl Groon IioId InlornalionaI Airporl las boon sol up al DovanalaIIi noar
BangaIuru.
Tlo GoIdon Clariol namod aflor llo famous Slono Clariol in Hampi, a vorId lorilago silo.
Kerala
Novombor 1, 1956, Tliruvananllapuram, 38,863
sq Im, Iocalod in Soull India, il is boundod by KarnalaIa in Norll, Iasl
and Soull-Iasl by TamiI Nadu, Soull-Wosl and Wosl by llo Indian Ocoan,
3,18,38,619, 9.42, - -
819, 1,058, 90.92 - 94.20, -
87.86, 25.97, -- 14,
MaIayaIam, - UnicamoraI, -- - 140,
- 20, Novombor 1.
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KoraIa is in llo oxlromo soull-vosl of llo Indian subconlinonl.
A uniquo foaluro of llo slalo is llo prodominanco of casl crops.
Aboul 50 por conl of llo popuIalion doponds on agricuIluro.
KoraIa is a major producor of coconul, rubbor, poppor, cardamom, gingor, cocoa,
caslov, arocanul, coffoo and loa, spicos, olc.
Coconul is llo mosl imporlanl casl crop of KoraIa.
KoraIa las boon soIoclod as llo socond bosl slalo in India in impIomonlalion of
o-govornanco.
KoraIa las ono major porl al Kocli.
Tlo Iiloracy ralo in KoraIa is 90.86 por conl in 2001 as againsl llo aII India ralo of
65.38 por conl Tlo maIo and fomaIo Iiloracy ralo aro 94.2 por conl and 87.6 por conl
rospoclivoIy.
Madhya Pradesh
- Novombor, 1956, BlopaI, 308,000 sqIm,
Iocalod in llo ConlraI India and is surroundod bysovonslalos. Il is boundod by
Rajasllan on llo norll-oasl, by Cllallisgarl on llo oasl, by Andlra Iradosl and
Malarasllra on llo soull and Gujaral on llo vosl, 60.385,118,
24.34, - - 196, 920,
64.11- 76.80, - 50.28, -- 50,
Hindi, - UnicamoraI, -- - 230,
- 29, Novombor 1.
Madlya Iradosl is llo socond Iargosl Indian Slalo in sizo. King AsloIa firsl among
aII, ruIod ovor Ujjain.
AgricuIluro is llo mainslay of Slalos oconomy as 74.73 por conl of llo poopIo aro ruraI.
Maharashtra
- May, 1, 1960, Mumbai, 307,713 sq Im.
Iocalod in ConlraI India, il is boundod Norll and Iasl by Madlya Iradosl, Soull by
Andlra Iradosl, KarnalaIa and Goa, Wosl by Arabian Soa, and Norll-Wosl by Daman
and Gujaral, 96,752,247,
22.57- - 314 922, 77.27, -
86.27, - 67.51, 42.4, --
35, Maralli, - BicamoraI, --- 288,
48, May 1.
Tlo firsl voII-Inovn ruIors of Malarasllra voro llo Salavalanas. Malarasllra vas
in llo forofronl during froodom slruggIo and il vas loro llal llo Indian NalionaI
Congross vas born in 1885.
Mumbai is a major porl.
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Somo imporlanl lourisl conlros aro: Ajanla, IIIora, IIoplanla, Kanlori and KarIa
cavos, MalabaIoslvar, olc.
Manipur
}anuary, 21, 1972, ImplaI, 22,327 sqIm,
Iocalod in llo Norll-Iasl India, il is boundod inllo Norll by NagaIand, in llo Iasl by
Myanmar, inllo SoullbyMyanmar and Mizoramandinllo Wosl byAssam. Il is dividod
inlo2 lracls-liIIs (5 dislricls) andpIains (3 dislricls), 2,388,634,
30.02, -- 107, 978,
68.87- 77.87, - 59.70), 23.88,
-- 9, Manipuri, - UnicamoraI,
-- - 60, - 2, }anuary, 21.
Manipur bocamo a fuII-fIodgod Slalo on llo 21sl }anuary, 1972. Manipur comprisos lvo
parlsllo liIIs and llo vaIIoy. Tlo vaIIoy is Inovn as llo Rico BovI of llo Slalo.
AgricuIluro and aIIiod aclivilios is llo onIy mainslay of llo Slalos oconomy vloro
aboul 70 por conl of llo popuIalion doponds on il.
Manipur is llo onIy spol on oarll in vlicl llo Brov-anlIorod door, IocaIIy Inovn
as Sangai is found.
Tlo famous frosl valor IaIo, llo IoIlaI IaIo is loro.
Meghalaya
Novombor 21, 1972, SliIIong, 22,429 sq Im,
Boundod in llo Norll by GoaIpara, Kamrup and Karbi AngIong dislricls of
AssamSlalo and inllo oasl by llo dislricls of Caclar andnorllCaclar liIIs. Onllo Soull
andWosl is BangIadosl, 2,306,069,
29.94, - - 103, 975, 63.31, -
66.14. - 60.41), 63.31, --
7, - Klasi, Garo, and IngIisl, - UnicamoraI, --
- 60, - 2, }anuary 21.
MoglaIaya vas croalod as an aulonomous Slalo villin llo Slalo of Assam on 2nd ApriI,
1970. MoglaIaya, IiloraIIy moans llo Abodo of CIouds is ossonliaIIy a liIIy slalo.
MoglaIaya is basicaIIy an agricuIluraI Slalo in vlicl aboul 80 por conl of ils popuIalion
doponds primariIy on agricuIluro. Bosidos major food crops of rico and maizo.
Mizoram
Iobruary, 20, 1987, AizavI, 21,081 sq Im,
Iocalod in llo Norll-Iasl cornor of India, il Iios bolvoon BangIadosl and Myanmar,
Tripura, Assam and Manipur bordor in Norll. 891,058,
29.18, - - 42 sq Im,
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938, 88.49- 90.69, - 86.13,
49.5, -- 8, - Mizo and IngIisl,
- UnicamoraI, --- 40, - 1, }anuary, 21.
Mizoram is a mounlainous rogion vlicl bocamo llo 23rd slalo of llo Indian Union
in Iobruary, 1987. Il is ricl in fauna and fIora.
Aboul 80 por conl of llo poopIo of Mizoram aro ongagod in agricuIluraI aclivily. Tlo
main pallorn of agricuIluro foIIovod is }lum or Slifling cuIlivalion.
Tlo main lorlicuIluro crops aro Mandarin Orango, Banana, Iassion Iruil, Grapos olc.
Nagaland
Docombor 1, 1963, Kolima, 16,579sqIm,
Iocalodinllo oxlromo Norll-Iasl, il is boundodinWosl andNorllbyAssam, Norll-Iasl
byArunaclaI Iradosl, Iasl by Myanmar, SoullbyManipur, 1,988,636,
64.41, - - 120,
909, 67.11, - 71.77, - 61.92,
17.74, -- - IngIisl, Angami,
Ao, Clang, KonyaI, Iolla, Sanglam, Soma and ClaIlosang, - UnicamoraI,
-- - 60, - 1, }anuary, 1.
NagaIand, llo 16ll Slalo of llo Indian Union, vas oslabIislod on 1sl Docombor, 1963.
Il is boundod by Myanmar on llo Iasl. Tlo Nagas boIong lo llo Indo-MongoIoid group.
NagaIand is basicaIIy a Iand of agricuIluro. Aboul 70 por conl of llo popuIalion
doponds on agricuIluro. Rico is llo slapIo food.
Tlo slalo las so far acliovod 100 por conl viIIago oIoclrificalion roacling ovon llo
romolosl viIIago of llo slalo.
Odisha
- ApriI 1, 1936, Blubanosvar, 155,707 sqIm,
Silualod in
s
norlloaslornparl of IndianIoninsuIa il is boundod on Norllby }larIland,
in llo Norll-Iasl by Wosl BongaI, in llo Soull by Andlra Iradosl and in llo Wosl by
Cllallisgarl, 36,706,920, 15.94,
- - 236, 972, 63.61 - 75.95,
- 50.97), 14.97, -- 30,
Oriya, - UnicamoraI, -- - 147, - 21,
ApriI 1.
Odisla, llo Iand of Oriyas, vas Inovn as KaIinga in ancionl days. Odisla vas mado
inlo a soparalo provinco on 1sl ApriI, 1936 soparaling il from Bilar.
AgricuIluro occupios a vilaI pIaco in llo oconomy of llo Slalo. Iaradoop is llo major
porl boIonging lo Odisla.
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Punjab
Novombor 1, 1966, Clandigarl, 50,362 sq Im,
Iocalod inNorll India, il is boundod in Wosl byIaIislan, on Norllby }ammu
and Kaslmir, on Norll-Iasl by HimaclaI Iradosl and on Soull by Haryana and
Rajasllan, 24,289,296,
19.76, - - 482, 874, 69.95
- 75.63, - 63.55, 33.95, --
20, Iunjabi, - UnicamoraI, -- - 117
- 13, Novombor 1.
Il las 84 of ils lolaI goograplicaI aroa (50.33 IaIl loclaros) undor cuIlivalion.
Il producos 20 of llo counlrys vloal, 11 rico, 13 collon and conlribulos signif-
icanlIy lo llo ConlraI IooI vill aboul 50 vloal and 40 rico.
Rajasthan
- Marcl30, 1956, }aipur, 342,239 sqIm,
Iocalod inNorll-Wosl India and is boundod in NorllbyIunjab, Norll-Iasl by Haryana
and Ullar Iradosl, inllo Iasl by Madlya Iradosl, inllo Soullby Gujaral and Wosl by
IaIislan, 56,473,122, 28.33,
- - 165, 922, 61.03, -
76.46, - 44.34), 23.38, -- 33,
- Hindi and Rajasllani, - UnicamoraI, -- -
200, - 25, Marcl 30.
Rajasllan, llo Iargosl Slalo in India aroa-viso. Tlo Rajpuls, a marliaI communily ruIod
ovor llis aroa for conlurios.
}aipur, }odlpur, Udaipur, BiIanor, Mounl Abu, SarisIa Tigor Sancluary in AIvar,
KooIadoo NalionaI IarI al Blaralpur, Ajmor, }aisaImor, IaIi and Clillorgarl aro
imporlanl pIacos of lourisl inlorosl in llo Slalo.
Sikkim
May 16, 1975, GangloI, 7,096 sq Im,
Iocalod inllo Iaslorn HimaIayas, il is boundod by Tibol in llo Norll, NopaI in llo Wosl
and Blulan in llo Iasl, Wosl BongaI in Soull. Il is llo Ioasl popuIalod slalo of Indian
Union, 540,493, 32.98,
- - 76, 875, 69.68, -
76.73, - 61.46), 11.1, --
4, - Iopcla, Blulia, NopaIi and Iimbu, - UnicamoraI,
-- - 32, - 1, May16.
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SiIIim is a smaII liIIy slalo. Tlo vorIds llird liglosl mounlain, Kanclanjunga is
Iocalod loro.
SiIIim is famous for ils Iusl groon vogolalion, forosl, sconic vaIIoys and majoslic
mounlains.
Tlo promior monaslory of SiIIim is Iomayanlslo in IoIIing. Tlo mosl ancionl
monaslory of SiIIim is in YuIsom, caIIod llo Drubdi monaslory.
SiIIims popuIalion comprisos llo llroo principaI ollnic communilios of llo Blulias,
Iopclas and llo NopaIoso.
Tlo oconomy of llo slalo is IinIod vill agricuIluro llal sorvos as llo sourco of
IivoIilood and oconomic socurily of moro llan 64 of llo popuIalion.
Tamil Nadu
ApriI 14, 1969, Clonnai, 130,058 sq Im,
Iocalod in Soull India, il is boundod on Norll by KarnalaIa and Andlra
Iradosl, in Iasl by llo Bay of BongaI, in llo Soull by llo Indian Ocoan and in llo
Wosl by KoraIa, 62,110,839,
11.19, - - 478, 986,
73.47, - 82.33, - 64.55), 43.86,
-- 32, TamiI, -
UnicamoraI, -- - 234, - 39, ApriI 14.
TamiI Nadu vas ono of llo firsl of Brilisl sollIomonls in India.
AgricuIluro is llo major occupalion in TamiI Nadu. TamiI Nadu occupios a promior
posilion in llo produclion and oxlonsivo appIicalion of bio-forliIizors.
Major porls in llo Slalo aro Clonnai, Innoro and Tulicorin. Tloro aro sovon ollor
minor porls incIuding CuddaIoro and Nagapallinam.
Tripura
}anuary, 21, 1972, AgarlaIa, 10,491.69 sqIm,
Boundod on llo Norll, Wosl and Soullby BangIadosl and onllo Norll-Iasl byAssam
and Mizoram, 3,191,168,
15.74, - - 304, 950, 73.66,
- 81.47, - 65.41), 17.02, --
4, - BongaIi, KoIbaraIandManipuri, - UnicamoraI,
-- - 60, - 2, }anuary 21.
Il is ono of llo ancionl slalo. Tloro aro roforoncos of Tripura ovon in llo Malablarala
and llo Iuranas.
In 1972 Tripura allainod llo slalus of a fuII-fIodgod slalo. Tripura is slralogicaIIy
silualod bolvoon llo rivor vaIIoys of Myanmar and BangIadosl.
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Uttaranchal
Novombor 9, 2000, Dolradun, 53,484 sq Im,
Iocalod in llo foolliIIs of llo HimaIayas, il las inlornalionaI boundarios
vill Clina in llo Norll and NopaI in llo Iasl. On ils Norll-Wosl Iios HimaclaI
Iradosl vliIo on llo Soull is Ullar Iradosl, 8,479,562,
19.20, - - 159,
964, 72.28- 84.01, - 60.26,
25.59, -- 13, - Kumaoni,
GarlvaIi, Hindi, - UnicamoraI, -- - 70, - 5,
9 Novombor.
Tlo Slalo of UllaranclaI vas oarIior a parl of llo Unilod Irovinco of Agra and Avadl
vlicl camo inlo oxislonco in 1902. Ullar Iradosl and UllaranclaI romainod a parl
of Ullar Iradosl boforo il vas carvod oul of Ullar Iradosl on 9ll Novombor, 2000.
Il is incoplod as llo 27ll Slalo of India.
Aboul 90 por conl of llo popuIalion of UllaranclaI doponds on agricuIluro.
Tlo Slalo is ricl in minoraI doposils IiIo Iimoslono, marbIo, rocI plosplalo, doIomilo,
magnosilo, coppor groyplylo, gypsum, olc.
Uttar Pradesh
- Novombor 1, 1950, IucInov, 236,566 sq
Im, Iocalod in Norll India and is boundod by HimaclaI Iradosl and
UflaranclaI Norll inIasl by Bilar and }larIland, in Soullby Madlya Iradosl and in
Wosl by Haryana and DoIli, 166,052,859,
25.80, - - 689, -
- 898, 57.36, (- 70.23, - 42.98,
20.78, -- 71, - Hindi
and Urdu, - BicamoraI, -- - 404, - 80,
Novombor 1.
Ils oarIior namo vas unilod provinco. AgricuIluro is llo main occupalion of 66 por
conl of llo popuIalion of llo slalo.
West Bengal
- I947, KoIIala, 88,752 sqIm, Iocalod
inllo Norll-Iasl India, il is boundod in llo Norllby SiIIimand Blulan, in llo Iasl by
Assam and BangIadosl, in llo Soull by llo Bay of BongaI and Odisla, in llo Wosl by
Bilar and inllo Norll-Wosl by NopaI, 80,221,171,
17.84, - - 904, 934,
69.22, (- 77.58, - 60.22, 28.03,
-- 19, BongaIi, - UnicamoraI, --
- 294, - 42.
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Il is vory imporlanl pIaco vill rospocl lo Indian froodom slruggIo.
AgricuIluro pIays a pivolaI roIo in llo Slalos oconomy.
Tlo IT Hub al SaIl IaIo is India's firsl fuIIy inlogralod oIoclronic compIox.
UNION TERRITORIES
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
-- Novombor 1, 1956, 8,249 sqIm,
3,56,265, 26.94, Iorl BIair, -
- 846 - - 81.18 - 86.18,
- 75.29, -- 3, - Hindi, Nicobaroso, MaIayaIam,
BongaIi, TamiI and ToIugu.
Tlo originaI inlabilanls of llo isIands Iivod in llo forosls on lunling and fisling.
Tloro aro four Nogrilo lribos, viz., llo Groal Andamanoso, Ongo, }arava and
SonlinaIoso.
Iaddy llo main food crop, is moslIy cuIlivalod in Andaman group of IsIands, vloroas
Coconul and Aroca nul aro llo casl crops of Nicobar group of IsIands.
Tlo soullorn poinl of India Indira poinl is Iocalod in Nicobar isIand.
Chandigarh
Novombor 1, 1966, 114 sq Im,
900,914, 40.33, Clandigarl, 773
- - 7903, 81. 76, - 85.65, -
76.65, -- NiI, - Hindi, Iunjabi and IngIisl.
Il is a U.T. and capilaI of lvo slalos Iunjab and Haryana.
Undor llo o-Govornanco inilialivos of llo Doparlmonl, sovon moro Gram SamparI
Conlros lavo boon sol up in llo viIIagos.
Clandigarl Adminislralion is coming up vill ils WorId CIass Irojocl, llo muIli
inslilulionaI Clandigarl Iducalion Cily al Sarangpur.
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Augusl 11, 1961, 491, sq Im, 2,20,451,
59.20, SiIvassa, 811, - -
449, 60.03, - 73.32, - 42.29), -- NiI,
- Gujarali and Hindi.
Il vas undor Iorluguiso ruIo. Il gol indopondonco on 11ll Augusl, 1961.
Dadra and Nagar HavoIi is a prodominanlIy ruraI aroa vill aboul 79 por conl lribaI
popuIalion.
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Daman and Diu
May 30, 1987, 112 sq Im, 1,58,059,
55.59, Daman, 969, - -
1411, 81.09, - 88.40, - 70.37, -- 2,
Gujarali.
Daman and Diu vas a coIony loId by llo Iorluguoso ovon aflor Indopondonco. In
1961, il vas mado an inlograI parl of India.
Delhi
1956, 1,483 sq Im, 13.80 miIIion,
46.31, Nov DoIli, 821, - - 9,294,
75.29, - 87.37, - 75, - 9, -
UnicamoraI, - Hindi, Iunjabi and Urdu.
DoIli is surroundod by Haryana on aII sidos oxcopl llo oasl vloro il bordors vill
Ullar Iradosl.
Will llo 69ll ConslilulionaI amondmonl il gol a IogisIalivo AssombIy.
DoIli is llo Iargosl commorciaI conlro in norllorn India.
Lakshadweep
- 1956, 32 sq Im, 60,595,
17.19, Kavaralli, 947, - - 1894,
87.52, - 93.15, - 81.56, - 1,
MaIayaIam.
Il is mainIy a coraI roof isIand. Coconul is llo onIy major crop.
Iisling is anollor major aclivily.
Puducherry
1962, 492 sq Im, 9,73,929,
20.56, Iondiclorry, 1001, - - 2029,
81.49, - 88.89, - 74.13, - UnicamoraI, --
4, - TamiI, ToIugu, MaIayaIam, IngIisland Ironcl.
Tlo lorrilory of (Iuduclorry) comprisos llo formor Ironcl oslabIislmonl Iudduclorry,
KaraiIaI, Malo and Yanam.
Il is llo 2nd U.T. aflor DoIli vlicl las IogisIalivo assombIy.
INDIA 2011
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General
Information
OFFICES UNDER GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
President of India
Dr. Rajondra Irasad 19501962
Dr. S. RadlaIrislnan 19621967
Dr. ZaIir Hussain 19671969 (Diod)
Varalagiri VonIala Giri 19691969 (Acling)
}uslico Md. HidayaluIIal 19691969 (Acling)
Varalagiri VonIala Giri 19691974
IaIlruddin AIi Almod 19741977 (Diod)
B. D. }alli 19771977 (Acling)
NooIam Sanjiva Roddy 19771982
Giani ZaiI Singl 19821987
R. VonIalaraman 19871992
Dr. SlanIar DayaI Slarma 19921997
K. R. Narayanan 19972002
Dr. A.I.}. AbduI KaIam 20022007
Sml. Iralibla Dovi Singl IaliI 2007TiII Dalo
31
INDIA 2011
353
Vice-Presidents of India
Dr. S. RadlaIrislnan 19521962
Dr. ZaIir Hussain 19621967
Varalagiri VonIala Giri 19671969
GopaI Svarup IallaI 19691974
B. D. }alli 19741979
}uslico Md. HidayaluIIal 19791984
Dr. SlanIor DayaI Slarma 19871992
K. R. Narayanan 19921997
Krislan Kanl 19972002 (Diod)
Blairon Singl SloIlaval 20022007
Md. Hamid Ansari 2007TiII Dalo
Prime Ministers of India
}avalarIaI Nolru 19471964 (Diod)
GuIzari IaI Nanda 19641964 (Acling)
IaI Baladur Slaslri 19641966 (Diod)
GuIzari IaI Nanda 19661966 (Acling)
Indira Gandli 19661977
Morarji Dosai 19771979
Claran Singl 19791980
Indira Gandli 19801984 (Diod)
Rajiv Gandli 19841989
V. I. Singl 19891990
Clandra SloIlar 19901991
I. V. Narasimla Rao 19911996
AlaI Bilari Vajpayoo 19961996 (Ior 16 Days)
H. D. Dovo Govda 19961998
I. K. GujraI 19971998
AlaI Bilari Vajpayoo 19981999
AlaI Bilari Vajpayoo 19992004
Dr. Manmolan Singl 20042009
Dr. Manmolan Singl 2009liII dalo
INDIA 2011
354
Deputy Prime Ministers of India
Sardar IaloI 19471950
Claran Singl and 19791979
}agjivan Ram (joinlIy)
Y. B. Clavan 19791980
Dovi IaI 19891990
Dovi IaI 19901991
I. K. Advani 20022004
Finance Ministers of India
R. K. SlanmuIlam Clolly 19471949
}oln Mallai 19491951
C. D. DoslmuIl 19511957
T. T. Krislnamaclari 19571958
}avalarIaI Nolru 19581959
T. T. Krislnamaclari 19641966
Saclindra Clovdlary 19661967
Indira Gandli 19701971
Y. B. Clavan 19711975
C. Subramaniam 19751977
H. M. IaloI 19771978
Claran Singl 19791980
Iranab MuIlorjoo 19821985
V. I. Singl 19851987
N. D. Tivari 19881989
S. B. Clavan 19891990
Madlu Dandavalo 19901991
Yaslvanl Sinla 19911991
Manmolan Singl 19911996
INDIA 2011
355
I. Slidambaram 19961998
Yaslvanl Sinla 19982002
}asvanl Singl 20022004
I. Clidambaram 20042008
Iranab MuIlorjoo 2009liII dalo
Speakers of the Lok Sabha
G. V. MavaIanIar 19521956 (Diod)
M. A. Ayyangar 19561962
HuIam Singl 19621967
NooIam Sanjiva Roddy 19671969 (Rosignod)
GurdiaI Singl DliIIon 19691975 (Rosignod)
BaIi Ram Blagal 19761977
NooIam Sanjiya Roddy 19771977 (Rosignod)
K. S. Hogdo 19771980
BaIram }aIlar 19801989
Rabi Ray 19891991
Slivraj V. IaliI 19911996
I. A. Sangma 19961998
G. M. C. BaIayogi 19982002 (Diod)
Manolar }osli 20022004
Somnall Clallorjoo 20042009
Ms. Moira Kumar 2009liII dalo
Chief Justice of India
HariIaI }. Kania 19501951
M. IalanjaIi Saslri 19511954
M. C. Malajan 19541954
B. K. MuIlorjoo 19541956
S. R. Das 19561959
B. I. Sinla 19591964
I. B. GajondragadIar 19641966
A. K. SarIar 19661966
INDIA 2011
356
K. Subba Rao 19661967
K. N. Wancloo 19671968
M. HidayaluIIal 19681970
}. C. Slal 19701971
S. M. SiIri 19711973
A. N. Ray 19731977
M. H. Bog 19771978
Y. V. Clandraclud 19781985
I. N. Blagvali 19851986
R. S. IallaI 19861989
I. S. VonIalaramaial 19891989
S. MuIlorjoo 19891990
Ranganall Mislra 19901991
K. N. Singl 19911992
M. H. Kania 19911992
I. M. Slarma 19921993
M. N. VonIalaclaIaial 19931994
A. M. Almadi 19941997
}. S. Vorma 19971998
M. M. Iunclli 19981998
A. S. Anand 19982001
S. I. Blarucla 20012002
B. N. KirpaI 20022002
G. B. IallanaiI 20022002
V. N. Klaro 20022004
S. Rajondra Babu 20042005
R. C. Ialoli 20042005
Y. K. SablarvaI 20052005
K. G. BaIaIrislnan 20072010
S. H. Kapadia 2010liII dalo
Chief Election Commissioners of India
SuIumar Son 19501958
K. V. K. Sundaram 19581967
S. I. Son Vorma 19671972
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357
Dr. Nagondra Singl 19721973
T. Svaminallan 19731977
S. I. SlaIdlar 19771982
R. K. Trivodi 19821985
R. V. S. Iori Saslri 19861990
Sml. V. S. Rama Dovi 19901990
T. N. Soslan 19901996
M. S. GiII 19962001
}. M. Iyngdol 20012004
T. S. Krislna Murlly 20042005
B. B. Tandon 20052006
N. GopaIasvamy 20062009
Navoon ClavIa 20092010
S. Y. Quraisli
Chairman of the UPSC
Sir Ross BarIor 19261932
Sir David Iolrio 19321936
Sir Iyro Gordon 19371942
Sir I. W. Roborlson 19421947
H. K. KripaIani 19471949
R. N. Banorjoo 19491955
N. Govindarajan 19551955
V. S. Hojmadi 19551961
B. N. }la 19611967
K. R. DamIo 19671971
R. C. S. SarIar 19711973
Dr. A. R. Kidvai 19731979
Dr. M. I. Slalaro 19791985
H. K. I. Capoor 19851990
}. I. Gupla 19901992
Sml. R. M. Ballov (KlarbuIi) 19921996
S. }. S. CllalvaI 19961996
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}. M. Qurosli 19961998
Surindor Nall 19982002
I. C. Hola 20022003
Mala Irasad 20032005
Dr. S. R. Haslim 20052006
Gurbaclan }agal 20062007
Subir Dulla 20072008
D. I. AgravaI 2008liII dalo
Comptroller and AuditorGenerals of India
V. Narlari Rao 19481954
A. K. Clanda 19541960
Sl. A. K. Roy 19601966
S. Ranganallan 19661972
A. BaIsi 19721984
Gian IraIasl 19781984
T. N. Clalurvodi 19841990
C. G. Somial 19901996
V. K. SlungIu 19962002
V. N. KauI 20022008
Vinod Rai 2008liII dalo
AttorneyGenerals of India
M. C. SolaIvod 19501963
C. K. Dapllary 19631963
Niron Do 19681977
S. V. Guplo 19771979
I. N. Sinla 19791983
K. Iarasaran 19831989
SoIi }. Sorabjoo 19891990
G. Ramasvamy 19901992
MiIon K. Banorjoo 19921996
AsloI K. Dosai 19961998
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SoIi }. Sorabjoo 19982004
MiIon K. Banorjoo 20042009
GooIam I. Valanvali 2009liII dalo
Governors of Reserve Bank of India
Sir Oslorno Smill 19351937
Sir }amos TayIor 19371943
Sir C. D. DoslmuIl 19431949
Sir BonogaI Rama Rau 19491957
K. G. AmbogaonIar 19571957
H. V. R. Iongar 19571962
I. C. Blallaclarya 19621967
I. K. }la 19671970
B. N. AdarIar 19701970
S. }agannallan 19701975
N. C. Son Gupla 19751975
K. R. Iuri 19751977
M. Narasimlam 19771977
Dr. I. G. IaloI 19771982
Dr. Manmolan Singl 19821985
A. Glosl 19851985
R. N. MaIlolra 19851985
S. VonIilaramanan 19901992
Dr. C. Rangarajan 19921997
Dr. BimaI }aIan 19972003
Dr. Y. V. Roddy 20032008
Dr. D. Subba Rao 2008liII dalo
Commanders-in-Chief
GonoraI Sir Roy Buclor 19481949
GonoraI K. M. Cariappa 19491953
GonoraI Malarja Rajondra Sinlji 19531955
Cliofs of Army Slaff
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GonoraI Malaraj Rajondra Sinlji 19551955
GonoraI S. M. Srinagosl 19551957
GonoraI K. S. Tlimayya 19571961
GonoraI R. N. Tlapar 19611962
GonoraI }. N. Cloudluri 19621966
GonoraI I. I. KumaramangaIam 19661969
GonoraI S. H. I. }. ManoIslav 19691972
GonoraI S. H. I. }. ManoIslav 19721973
GonoraI G. G. Bovoor 19731975
GonoraI T. N. Raina 19751978
GonoraI O. I. MaIlolra 19781981
GonoraI K. V. Krislna Rao 19811983
GonoraI A. S. Vaidya 19831986
GonoraI K. Sundorji 19861988
GonoraI V. N. Slarma 19881990
GonoraI S. I. Rodriguos 19901993
GonoraI B. C. }osli 19931994
GonoraI S. Iadmanablan 20002002
GonoraI N. C. Vij 20032005
GonoraI }. }. Singl 20052007
GonoraI DoopaI Kapoor 20072010
GonoraI V. K. Singl 2010liII dalo
Chiefs of Naval Staff
AdmiraI Sir Idvard Iarry 19481951
AdmiraI Sir MarI Iizoy 19511955
Vico AdmiraI Sir Sloplon CarIiII 19551958
Vico AdmiraI R. D. Kalari 19581962
Vico AdmiraI B.S. Soman 19621966
AdmiraI A. K. Clallorjoo 19661970
AdmiraI S. M. Nanda 19701973
AdmiraI S. N. KolIi 19731976
AdmiraI }. I. Cursolji 19761979
AdmiraI R. I. Ioroira 19791982
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AdmiraI O. S. Davson 19821984
AdmiraI R. H. TaliIiani 19841987
AdmiraI }. G. NadIami 19871990
AdmiraI Ramdas 19901993
AdmiraI V. S. SloIlaval 19931996
AdmiraI Vislnu Blagval 19961998
AdmiraI SusliI Kumar 19982001
AdmiraI Madlvondra Singl 20012004
AdmiraI Arun IraIasl 20042006
AdmiraI Surosl Molla 20062009
AdmiraI NirmaI Kumar Vorma 2009liII dalo
Chiefs of Air Staff
Air MarslaI Sir Tlomas IImlirsl 19471950
Air MarslaI Sir RonaId Clapman 19501951
Air MarslaI Sir GoraId Gibbs 19511954
Air MarslaI S. MuIlorjoo 19541960
Air MarslaI A.M. Inginoor 19601964
Air Cliof MarslaI Arjan Singl 19641969
Air Cliof MarslaI I. C. IaI 19691973
Air Cliof MarslaI O. I. Molra 19731976
Air Cliof MarslaI H. MooIgavIar 19761978
Air Cliof MarslaI I. H. Ialif 19781981
Air Cliof MarslaI DiIbagl Singl 19811984
Air Cliof MarslaI I. M. Kalro 19841985
Air Cliof MarslaI D. A. Ia Ionlaino 19851988
Air Cliof MarslaI S. K. Molra 19881991
Air Cliof MarslaI N. C. Suri 19911993
Air Cliof MarslaI S. K. KauI 19931995
Air Cliof MarslaI S. K. Saroon 19961998
Air Cliof MarslaI A. Y. Tipnis 19992001
Air Cliof MarslaI S. Krislnasvamy 20012004
Air Cliof MarslaI S. I. Tyagi 20042007
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Air Cliof MarslaI IaIi H. Major 20072009
Air Cliof MarslaI Iradoop 2009liII dalo
Vasanl NaiI
CIVILIAN AWARDS
Tlo avard is givon for oxcoplionaI sorvico lovards llo advancomonl of
Arl, Iiloraluro and Scionco and in rocognilion of pubIic sorvico of llo liglosl ordor.
- Tlo avard is givon for oxcoplionaI and dislinguislod sorvico in
anyfioId incIuding sorvico rondorod by llo Govornmonl sorvanls.
- Tlo avard is givon for dislinguislod sorvico of ligl ordor in any
fioId incIuding sorvico rondorod by llo Govornmonl sorvanls.
Tlo avard is givon for dislinguislod sorvico in any fioId incIuding sorvico
rondorod by llo Govornmonl sorvanls. In pursuanco of llo Supromo Courls }udgomonl,
llo Govornmonl lad conslilulod a Higl IovoI Roviov Commilloo clairod by llo Vico-
Irosidonl of India, lo go inlo llo guidoIinos for llo Iadma Avards and corlain ollor aspocls.
Tlo Roviov Commilloo submillod ils roporl in Novombor 1996 and llo samo las boon
accoplod by llo Govornmonl. Tlo inslilulion of lloso avards las boon rovivod sinco 1997.
- Iadma avards aro amongsl llo liglosl civiIian avards of llo counlry.
Tloro aro llroo calogorios of Iadma AvardsIadma Vibluslan, Iadma Bluslan and
Iadma Slri. Tloso aro givon for dislinguislod sorvico in any fioId incIuding Arl, Iil-
oraluro and Iducalion, Scionco and Inginooring, Sporls, Modicino, olc. Iadma Avards aro
announcod on llo ovo of llo RopubIic Day ovory yoar.
- ClaIravarli RajagopaIaclari, Dr. SarvopaIIi RadlaIrislnan,
Dr. ClandrasoIlar VonIal Raman, Dr. Blagvan Das, MoIslagundam Visvosvaraya,
}avalarIaI Nolru, Govind BaIIabl Ianl, Dr. Dlondo Koslavo Karvo, Dr. Bidlan Clandra
Roy, Iuruslollam Das Tandon, Dr. Rajondra Irasad Dr. ZaIir Hussain Dr. Iandurang Vaman
Kano IaI Baladur Slaslri (Iosllumous), Indira Gandli, Varalagiri VonIalagiri, Kumarasva-
mi Kamraj (Iosllumous) Mary Torosa Bojaxliu (Mollor Torosa), Aclarya Vinobla Blavo
(Iosllumous), Klan AbduI Glaffar Klan, Marudu GopaIan Ramaclandran (Iosllumous)
Dr. Blim Rao Ramji AmbodIar (Iosllumous), Dr. NoIson RoIilIalIa MandoIa, Rajiv Gandli
(Iosllumous), Sardar VaIIablblai IaloI (Iosllumous), Morarji Rancllodji Dosai, MauIana
AbuI KaIam Azad (Iosllumous), }olangir Ralanji Dadablai Tala, Salyajil Ray (Iosllumous),
Aruna Asaf AIi (Iosllumous), GuIzari IaI Nanda (Iosllumous), Dr. AvuI IaIir }ainuIabdoon
AbduI KaIam, Madurai SlanmuIlavadivu SubbaIaIslmi, Clidambaram Subramaniam,
IoInayaI }ayapraIasl Narayan (Iosllumous), Irofossor Amarlya Son, IoIpriya Gopinall
BordoIoi (Iosllumous), Iandil Ravi SlanIar, Suslri Iala Dinanall MangoslIar, Uslad
BismiIIal Klan and Iandil Blimson }osli.
LIST OF RECENT INTERNATIONAL YEARS
2000 InlornalionaI Yoar of TlanIs giving
2000 InlornalionaI Yoar for llo CuIluro of Ioaco
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363
2001 InlornalionaI Yoar of MobiIizalion againsl Racis, RaciaI Dscriminalion,
Xonoplobia and RoIalod IncoIoranco
2001 InlornalionaI yoar of VoIunloors
2001 Unilod Nalions Yoar of DiaIoguo among CiviIizalions
2002 InlornalionaI Yoar of Icolourism
2002 InlornalionaI Yoar of Mounlains
2002 Unilod Nalions Yoar of Iroslvalor
2003 InlornalionaI Yoar of Iroslvalor
2003 Iuropoan DisabiIily Yoar
2004 InlornalionaI Yoar lo Commomoralo llo SlruggIo againsl SIavory and ils
AboIilion
2004 InlornalionaI Yoar of Rico
2005 InlornalionaI Yoar for Sporl and IlysicaI Iducalion
2005 InlornalionaI Yoar of Microcrodil
2005 WorId Yoar of Ilysics
2006 InlornalionaI Yoar of Dosorls and Dosorlificalion (Rocognizod by llo UN)
2007 InlornalionaI Yoar of llo DoIplin (by llo Unilod Nalions and UNII)
2007 InlornalionaI Yoar of Walor (Govl. of India)
2008 InlornalinaI Yoar of IIanol Iarll
2008 InlornalionaI Yoar of llo Iolalo (proposod IAO, adoplod by UN)
2008 Yoar of Good Govornanco (by SAARC counlrios)
2009 InlornalionaI Yoar of Aslronomy (proposaI accoplod by UNISCO, UN
proposaI in proparalion)
2011 InlornalionaI Yoar of Iorosls
IMPORTANT DAYS
}anuary 9 NRI Day
}anuary 10 WorId Iaugllor Day
}anuary 12 NalionaI Youll Day
}anuary 15 Army Day
}anuary 26 Indias RopubIic Day, InlornalionaI Cusloms Day
}anuary 30 Marlyras Day, WorId Ioprosy Iradicalion Day
Iobruary, (2nd Sunday) WorId Marriago Day
Iobrurary 24 ConlraI Ixciso Day
Iobrurary 28 NalionaI Scionco Day
Marcl (2nd Monday) CommonvoaIll Day
Marcl 8 InlornalionaI Womons Day
Marcl 15 WorId DisabIod Day, WorId Consumor Riglls Day
INDIA 2011
364
Marcl 18 Ordnanco Iaclorios Day (India)
Marcl 21 InlornalionaI Day for llo IIiminalion of RaciaI
Discriminalion
Marcl 22 WorId Day for valor
Marcl 23 WorId MolooroIogicaI Day
Marcl 24 WorId TB Day
ApriI 5 InlornalionaI Day for Mino Avaronoss, NalionaI
Marilimo Day
ApriI 7 WorId HoaIll Day
ApriI 17 WorId HaomopliIia Day
ApriI 18 WorId Horilago Day
ApriI 21 Socrolarios Day
ApriI 22 Iarll Day
ApriI 23 WorId BooI and Copyrigll Day
May 1 WorIors Day (Inlornalion Iabour Day)
May (1sl Tuosday) WorId Asllma Day
May 3 Iross Iroodom Day, WorId Asllma Day
May (2nd Sunday) Mollors Day
May 4 CoaI Minors Day
May 8 WorId rod Cross Day
May 9 WorId TlaIassaomia Day
May 11 NalionaI ToclnoIogy Day
May 12 WorId Hyporlonsion Day, InlornalionaI Nursos Day
May 15 InlornalionaI Day of llo IamiIy
May 17 WorId ToIocommunicalion Day
May 24 CommonvoaIll Day
May 31 Anlilobacco Day
}uno 4 InlornalionaI Day of Innoconol CliIdron, Viclims of
Aggrossion
}uno 5 WorId Invironmonl Day
}uno (3rd Sunday) Iallors Day
}uno 26 InlornalionaI Day againsl Drug Abuso and IIIicil
TrafficIing
}uno 14 WorId BIood Donor Day
}uno 29 Slalislics Day
}uIy 1 Doclors Day
}uIy 11 WorId IopuIalion Day
Augusl 3 InlornalionaI Iriondslip Day
INDIA 2011
365
Augusl 6 Hiroslima Day
Augusl 8 WorId Sonior Cilizons Day
Augusl 9 Quil India Day, NagasaIi Day
Augusl 15 Indian Indopondonco Day
Augusl 18 InlornalionaI Day of WorIds Indigonoous IoopIos
Augusl 19 Ilolograply Day
Augusl 29 NalionaI Sporls Day
Soplombor 2 Cocounl Day
Soplombor 5 Toaclors Day, SansIril Day
Soplombor 8 InlornalionaI Iiloracy Day (UNISCO)
Soplombor 15 Inginoors Day InlornalionaI Day of Domocracy
Soplombor 16 WorId Ozono Day
Soplombor 21 AIzloimors Day, Day for Ioaco and Non-vioIonco (UN)
Soplombor 22 Roso Day (WoIfaro of Cancor palionls)
Soplombor 26 Day of llo Doaf
Soplombor 27 WorId Tourism Day
Oclobor 1 InloranlioanI Day for llo IIdorIy
Oclobor 2 Gandli }ayanlli InlornalionaI NonVioIonco Day
Oclobor 3 WorId Habilal Day
Oclobor 4 WorId AnimaI WoIfaro Day
Oclobor 8 Indian Air Iorco Day
Oclobor 9 WorId Iosl Offico Day
Oclobor 10 NalionaI Iosl day
Oclobor (2nd Tlursday) WorId Sigll Day
Oclobor 13 UN InlornalionaI Day for NaluraI Disaslor Roduclion
Oclobor 15 WorId Wlilo Cano Day (guiding llo bIind)
Oclobor 16 WorId Iood Day
Oclobor 24 UN Day, WorId DovoIopmonl Informalion Day
Oclobor 30 WorId Tlrifl Day
Novombor 9 IogaI Sorvicos Day
Novombor 14 CliIdrons Day, Diabolos Day
Novombor 17 NalionaI IpiIopsy Day
Novombor 19 InlornalionaI Mons Day
Novombor 20 Africa InduslriaIislion Day
Novombor 29 InlornalionaI Day of SoIidarily vill IaIoslinian IoopIo
Docombor 1 AIDS Day
Docombor 10 Human Riglls Day
INDIA 2011
366
Vancouvor (Can.) R. Irasor
HamiIlon (Can.) I. Onlario
Arvida (Can.) R. Saguonay
MonlroaI (Can.) R. Sl. Iavronco,
R. Ollava
Sacramonlo (USA) R. Sacramonlo,
R. Amorica
CIovoIand (USA) I. Irif
Gary (USA) I. Micligan
MiIvauIoo (USA) I. Micligan
DuIullz (USA) R. Sl. Iouis,
I. Suporior
Balon Rougo (USA) R. Mississippi
BuffaIo (USA) I. Irio
Sl. Iouis (USA) R. Mississippi,
R. Missouri
BoIom (BraziI) R. Amazon
Cairo (Igypl) R. NiIo
AIoxandria (Igypl) R. NiIo
Omdurma (Sudan) R. NiIo
KampaIa (Uganda) I. Vicloria
IoIoja (Nigoria) R. Nigor, R. Bonuo
BrazzaviIIo R. Zairo (Congo)
Maladi R. Zairo
Kiruna ( Svodon) R. Torno
Oporlo (IorlugaI) R. Douro
Bordoaux (Iranco) R. Garrono
Rouon (Iranco) R. Soino
MiIan (IlaIy) R. IO.
BorIin (Gormany) R. Sproo
Ioipzig (Gormany) R. IIbo
Bingon (Gormany) R. Rlino
Hamburg (Gormany) R. IIbo
Quoboc (Can.) R. Sl. Iavronco
Kingslon (Can.) R. Sl. Iavronco, I.
Sarnia (Can.) I. Huron
Subury (Can.) I. Huron
IorlIand (USA) R. CoIumbia
Clicago (USA) I. Micligan,
R. Clicago
Dolroil (USA) I. Irio, R. Sl. CIair
IliIadoIplia (USA) R. DoIavaro
Nov YorI Cily (USA) R. Hudson
ToIodo (USA) I.Irif
Toronlo (Can.) I. Onlario
Asuncion (Iaraguay) R. Iaraguay
Manaus (BraziI) R. Nogro, R. Amazon
Iorl Said (Igypl) Suoz CanaI
Klarloum (Sudan) R. BIuo NiIo,
R. Wlilo NiIo
Kisumo (Konya) I . Vicloria
}inja (Uganda) R. NiIo, I. Vicloria
Iorl Harcourl (Nigoria) R. Nigor
Kinslasa R. Zairo
Boma R. Zairo
Iisbon (IorlugaI) R. Tagus
Iaris (Iranco) R. Soino
Iyons (Iranco) R. Soino
Romo (IlaIy) R. Tibor
Valican Cily R. Tibor
IranIfurl (Gormany) R. Rlino, R. Main
Drosdon (Gormany) R. IIbo
Bonn (Gormany) R. Rlio, R. Soig
Bromon (Gormany) R. Wosor
KraIov (IoIand) R. VisluIa
Rollordam (NollorIands) R. Rlino, R. Maas,
R. ScloI
Nov CaslIo (U.K.) R. Tyno
IMPORTANT RIVERS/LAKES OF THE WORLD
- -- - --
INDIA 2011
367
Moscov (Russia) R. MosIva
SlaIingrad (Russia) R. VoIga
BralsI (Russia) R. Angara
NicIopoI (UIraino) R. Dniopor
Zaragoza (Spain) R. Ibro
Saralov (Russia) R. VoIga
Kiov (UIraino) R. Dniopor
Vonico (IlaIy) R. Io.
BoIgrado R. Danubo
Madrid R. Manzanaros
BarlisIava R. Danubo
CoIogno (Gormany) R. Rlino
WupporlaI R. Wuppor
WAslinglon (USA) R. Iolomac
IroomanlIo (AuslraIia) R. Svan
Slanglai (Clina) R. Yanglzo Iiang
(Clang }ang),
R. Hvang Iu
HongIong (Clina) R. Canlon
Vonliano (Iaso) R. MoIong
KuaIa Iumpur (MaIaysia) R. GambaI,
R. KoIang
ClauI (Myanmar) R. Irravaddy
Bagladad (Iraq) R. Tigris
Kallmandu (NopaI) R. Baglmali,
R. Vislnuma
KabuI (Afglanislan) R.KabuI
Cognac (Iranco) R. Claronlo
Cambridgo (U.K.) R. Cam
Ianji (Goa, India) R. Mandovi
Anlvorp (BoIgium) R. ScloIdl
Iondon (Brilain) R. Tlamos
GIasgov (U.K.) R. CIydo
IolrozavsI (Russia) I. Onoga
KrasnoyarI (Russia) R. Yonisoy
IrIulsI (Russia) I. BaiIaI
DnopropolrovsI(Uraino) R. Dniopor
Nanlos (Iranco) R. Ioiro
Roslov (Russia) R. Don
Vionna (Auslria) R. Danubo
Budaposl R. Danubo
DubIin R. Iiffoy
Iraguo R. VIlava
DussoIdorf (Gormany) R. Rlino
Isson R. Rulr
Slullgarl R. NocIar
Iorll (AuslraIia) R. Svan
Sydnoy (AuslraIia) R. DarIing
NanIing (Clina) R. Yanglzo Kiang
Macao (Clain) R. IoarI
Ilnov Ionl R. MoIong,
(Cambodia) R. TonIo Sap
MandaIay ( Myanmar) R. Irravaddy
Bagladad (TlaiIand) R. Clao Iraya
Ialoro (IaIislan) R. Ravi
CoIombo (Sri IanIa) R. KoIani
Buclarosl (Romania) R. Dimbovila
GaIafi (Romania) R. Danubo, R. Sirol
Oxford (U.K.) R. Tlamos

Afglanislan Baclria, Ariana, Klorasan
AngoIa Iorluguoso Wosl Africa
Cocos IsIand (AuslraIia) KooIing IsIand
Kirlimali (AuslraIia) Clrislmas IsIands
BangIadosl Iasl IaIislan
INDIA 2011
368
BoIarus ByoIorussia (Wlilo Russia)
BoIizo Brilisl Honduras
Bonin Dalomoy
Bolsvana BocluanaIand
Bandor Sori Bogavan (Brunoi) Brunoi Tovn
BurIing Iaso Uppor VoIla
Cambodia Kampucloa, Klmor RopubIic
BanjuI Ballursl
Clad Ironcl IquiloriaI Africa
Boijing IoIing
Zairo BoIgian Congo
Cosla Rica Ricl Coasl
KaIaaIIil Nunnal GroonIand
NuuI Godllab
Congo Zairo
Dijbouli Ironcl SomaIiIand, Ironcl Torrolory of Affairs and Is-
sas
UPSCPORTALS
IAS PRELIMINARY2012
GEOGRAPHY
For
General Studies
YagyaNandJ ha
INDIA 2011
369
A. UNION GOVERNMENT
CABINET MINISTERS
Irimo Minislor and aIso Inclargo of llo Minislrios/Doparl-
monls nol spocificaIIy aIIocalod lo llo clargo of any Minislor, viz. Minislry of
IorsonnoI. IubIic Griovancos & Ionsions, IIanning Commission, Doparlmonl of
Alomic Inorgy, and Doparlmonl of Spaco, Minislry of CuIluro and Minislry of
RaiIvays
Minislor of Iinanco
Minislor of AgricuIluro and Minislor of Consumor Affairs, Iood
& IubIic Dislribulion
Minislor of Dofonco
Minislor of Homo Affairs
- Minislor of IxlornaI Affairs
Minislor of SlooI
- - Minislor of Hoavy Induslrios and IubIic Inlorprisos
Minislor of HoaIll and IamiIy WoIfaro
- Minislor of Iovor
Minislor of Iav and }uslico
Minislor of Nov and RonovabIo Inorgy
Minislor of Urban DovoIopmonl
Minislor of Road Transporl and Higlvays
Minislor of Ovorsoas Indian Affairs
Minislor of ToxliIos
Minislor of Communicalions and Informalion ToclnoIogy
Minislor of IolroIoum and NaluraI Gas
WhosWho
32
INDIA 2011
370
Minislor of Informalion and Broadcasling
Minislor of Iabour and ImpIoymonl
Minislor of Human Rosourco DovoIopmonl
Minislor of Minos and Minislor of DovoIopmonl of Norll Iaslorn Rogion
Minislor of Commorco and Induslry
- Minislor of RuraI DovoIopmonl and Minislor of Ianclayali Raj
Minislor of Housing and Urban Iovorly AIIovialion and Minislor of Tourism
Minislor of Iood Irocossing Induslrios
Minislor of Youll Affairs and Sporls
- Minislor of Slipping
- Minislor of IarIiamonlary Affairs
- Minislor of SociaI }uslico and Impovormonl
Minislor of TribaI Affairs
Minislor of ClomicaIs and IorliIizors
MINISTERS OF STATE
(Independent Charge)
Minislry of CiviI Avialion
- - Minislry of CoaI and Minislry of Slalislics and Irogrammo
ImpIomonlalion
- Minislry of Corporalo Affairs and Minislry of Minorily Affairs
- Minislry of Micro, SmaII and Modium Inlorprisos
- Minislry of Womon and CliId DovoIopmonl
- Minislry of Invironmonl and Iorosls
MINISTERS OF STATE
Minislry of ClomicaIs and IorliIizors
Minislry of RaiIvays
Minislry of Homo Affairs
- Minislry of IIanning and Minislry of IarIiamonlary Affairs,
Minislry of IorsonnoI, IubIic Griovancos and Ionsions
Minislry of Commorco and Induslry
- Minislry of Human Rosourco DovoIopmonl
Minislry of RaiIvays
Minislry of Homo Affairs
INDIA 2011
371
- Minislry of ToxliIos
Minislry or Iinanco
Minislry of Dofonco
Minislry of Urban DovoIopmonl
Minislry OT Iinanco
- Minislry of IolroIoum and NaluraI Gas
Minislry of SlooI
Minislry of IxlornaI Affairs
- Minislry of Communicalions and Informalion ToclnoIogy
- Minislry of Iabour and ImpIoymonl
-- - Minislry of AgricuIluro and Minislry of Consumor Affairs, Iood
Iubiic Dislribulion
- Minislry of Iovor
Minislry of Road Transporl and Higlvays
S - Minislry of Hoaill and IamiIy WoIfaro
- Minislry of RuraI DovoIopmonl
Minislry of Tourism
Minislry of Slipping and Minislry of RaiIvays
Minislry of Informalion and Broadcasling
Minislry of SociaI }uslico and Impovormonl
- Minislry of Informalion and Broadcasling
- Minislry of HoaIll and IamiIy WoIfaro
- Minislry of TribaI Affairs
Minislry of Communicalions and Informalion ToclnoIogy
Minislry of Hoavy Induslrios and IubIic Inlorprisos
- Minislry of Youll Affairs and Sporls
Minislry of Road Transporl and Higlvays
Minislry of Walor Rosourcos
Minislry of RuraI DovoIopmonl
- Minislry of RuraI DovoIopmonl
CHIEFS OF ARMED FORCES
Sml. Iralibla Dovisingl IaliI
Air MarslaI N. A. K. Brovno
GonoraI Vijay Kumar Singl
AdmiraI NirmaI Vorma,
Vico AdmiraI Raman Iuri
INDIA 2011
372
HIGHEST POSITIONS
Cliof }uslico of India
Allornoy GonoraI of India
- Clairman, ConlraI Adminislralivo TribunaI (CAT)
SoIicilor-GonoraI of India
- Clairman, Rajya Sabla
- SpoaIor, IoI Sabla
Clairman, IIanning Commission
Dopuly Clairman, IIanning Commission
- Ioador of Opposilion (IoI Sabla)
Ioador of Opposilion (Rajya Sabla)
- Cliof IIoclion Commissionor
ComplroIIor and Audilor-GonoraI of India
- Cabinol Socrolary
IrincipaI Socrolary lo Irimo Minislor
Socrolary, Inlor-Slalo CounciI
- Clairman, NalionaI Commission for BacIvard CIassos
Clairman, NalionaI Commission for ScloduIod Caslos
Clairman, NalionaI Commission for ScloduIod Tribos
Clairman, UISC
Clairman, NalionaI Commission for Iarmors
NalionaI Socurily Advisor and SpociaI Advisor lo IM (InlornaI
Socurily)
Dopuly NalionaI Socurily Advisor
Clairman, RaiIvay Board
Socrolary-GonoraI, Rajya Sabla
Socrolary-GonoraI, IoI Sabla
Diroclor, CBI
Diroclor, IB
- Cloif Informalion Commissionor
Diroclor, Rosoarcl and AnaIysis Wing
Diroclor-GonoraI, CRII
- Diroclor-GonoraI, Bordor Socurily Iorco (BSI)
- Diroclor-GonoraI, ConlraI InduslriaI Socurily Iorco (CISI)
Diroclor-GonoraI, RaiIvay Iroloclion Iorco
Diroclor-GonoraI, ITBI
Diroclor-GonoraI, Coasl Guard
Diroclor-GonoraI, Dofonco InloIIigonco Agoncy
INDIA 2011
373
IrincipaI Scionlific Advisor lo llo Govornmonl
Clairman, UGC
- Scionlific Advisor lo Dofonco Minislor and Socrolary, Dofonco
Rosoarcl & DovoIopmonl Organisalion
- Clairman, Spaco Commission and ISRO
Clairman, Alomic Inorgy Commission and Socrolary, Dopl. of
Alomic Inorgy
Clairman, ToIocom roguIalory Aullorily of India
Clairman, SSC
- Clairman, ToIocom Commission
- - Clairman, NalionaI Human Riglls Commission
Clairporson, NalionaI Dairy DovoIopmonl Board (NDDB)
Diroclor-GonoraI, Bordor Roads Organisalion
Diroclor-GonoraI, Indian CounciI of ModicaI Rosoarcl
- Clairman, IubIic Inlorprisos SoIoclion Board
- Clairman, Board for Roconslruclion of IubIic Soclor Inlorprisos
Rogislrar-GonoraI of India and Consus Commissionor
- Clairman, NalionaI Consumor Dispulos RodrossaI Commission
- - Clairman, CAT
- Clairman, Iav Commission
Govornor, RBI
Clairman, NalionaI Commission on Iabour
- Clairman, Iross CounciI of India
Diroclor, Iross Inslilulo of India
Clairman, Unilod Novs of India
Irosidonl, Indian Novspapor Socioly
- Clairman, ITI
Clairman, Insuranco RoguIalory Aullorily
- Clairporson, ConlraI Board Dirocl Taxos (CBDT)
Clairman, ConlraI Board of Ixciso & Cusloms
- CMD, ONGC (off-sloro)
CMD, GAII
Clairman, IOC
Diroclor-GonoraI, Indian Inslilulo of Ioroign Trado
CMD, OiI India Ild.
INDIA 2011
374
- Clairman, CBSI
Clairman, Socurilios & Ixclango Board of India
Clairman, SBI
Clairman, NABARD
- Clariman, IDBI
Clairman, IIC
- Clairman, Company Iav Board
MD, NAICO
Diroclor-GonoraI, Indian CounciI of AgricuIluro Rosoarcl
Clairman, MTNI
Clairman, ConlraI Walor Commission
- - Clairporson, NalionaI Commission for Womon
Clairman, 13ll Iinanco Commission
- Clairman, NalionaI SlalislicaI Commission
Clairman, ConlraI IoIIulion ConlroI Board (CICB)
- Clairporson, ConlraI Board of IiIm Corlificalion
- - Clairporson, CliIdrons IiIm Socioly of India
Diroclor-GonoraI, ArclooIogicaI Survoy of India
Diroclor, Inforcomonl Dirocloralo
Clairman, Ionsion Iund RguIalory & DovoIopmonl Aullorily
- ConlraI VigiIanco Commissionor
Diroclor, Blabla Alomic Rosoarcl Conlro
Clairman, NalionaI Higlvay Aullorily of India
- Clairporson, ConlraI SociaI WoIfaro Board
Irosidonl, CII
- Diroclor, NCIRT
Irosidonl, IICCI
Irosidonl, Salilya AIadomi
- Clairman, IaiIl KaIa AIadomi
- Clairporson, Sangool NalaI AIadomi
Clairman, IubIic Accounls Commillo
Clairman, Irasar Blarali
- Clairman, MRTIC
Clairman, NBT
Clariman, SAII
Clairman, SIBI
- Clairman, NCRC
INDIA 2011
375
B. STATE GOVERNMENT
- -
Andlra Iradosl I. S. I. Narasimlan N. Kiran Kumar
ArunaclaI Iradosl GonoraI (Rld.) }. }. Singl Dorjoo Klandu
Assam }.B. IalnaiI Tanun Gogoi
Bilar Dovanand Konvar Nilisl Kumar
Cllaliisgarl SloIlar Dulla Dr. Raman Singl
Goa Dr. Slivondor Singl Sandlu Digambar Kamal
Gujaral KamIa BonivaI Narondra Modi
Haryana }agannall Ialaria Blupindor Singl Hooda
HimaclaI Iradosl UrmiIa IaloI Irom Kumar Dlumai
}ammu and Kaslmir N. N. Volra Omar AbduIIal
}larIland Hasan Kulloos Maricar Arjun Munda
KarnalaIa H.R. Blaradvaj B.S. Yoddyurappa
KoraIa R.S. Gavai V.S. Aclullanandan
Madlya Iradosl Ramoslvar TlaIur Slivraj Singl Cloulan
Malarasllra KalooIaI SanIarnarayan Irilliviraj Clouvan
Manipur Gurbaclan }agal OIram ibobi Singl
MoglaIaya Ranjil SloIlar Mooslalary MuIuI Sangma
Mizoram Il. Gon. (Rold.) M.M. IaIlora IaIllanvaIa
NagaIand NiIliI Kumar Noipliu Rio
Odisla MurIidlar ClandraIanl Blandaro Navoon IalnaiI
Iunjab Slivraj IaliI IarIasl Singl BadaI
Rajasllan Slivraj IaliI (AddI. Clargo) AsloI GolIol
SiIIim BaImiIi Irasad Singl Iavan Kumar ClamIing
TamiI Nadu Surjil Singl BarnaIa KaIaignar M. Karunanidli
Tripura Dnyandoo Yaslvanlrao IaliI ManiI SarIar
Ullar Iradosl B.I. }osli Kumari Mayavali
UllaranclaI Margarol AIva Dr. Ramosl IoIlriyaI
Wosl BongaI M.K. Narayanan Kumari Mamala Banorjoo
- --- -
Andaman and Il. Gon. (Rold.) Blopinor Singl
Nicobar IsIands (IG)
Clandigarl (A) Slivaraj V. IaliI
Dadra and Nagar Salya GopaI
HavoIi (A)
Daman and Diu (A) Salya GopaI
DoIli (IG) Tojindor Klanna Sml. SloiIa Dixil
Iuduclorry IqbaI Singl
INDIA 2011
376
HEAD OF IMPORTANT OFFICES
Defence
- Irosidonl Iralibla Dovisingl IaliI
GonoraI V.K. Singl
Air Cliof MarslaI Norman AniI Kumar Brovno
AdmiraI NirmaI Kumar Vorma
- Vico-AdmiraI Vijay SlanIar
Vico AdmiraI Raman Iuri
CONSTITUTIONAL POSTS
Md. Hamid Ansari
Mr. K. Ralman Klan
Ms. Moira Kumar
Mr. Claranjil Singl AlvaI
- Mrs. Suslma Svaraj
- Mr. Arun }ailoIy
-- Mr. S.Y. Quraisli
-- Mr. HarislanIar Bralma
-- Mr. V. S. Sampall
Mr. Vinod Rai
Mr. VivoI Kumar Agnilolri
Mr. T.K. Visvanallan
OFFICERS OF UNION GOVERNMENT
Mr. K.M. ClandrasoIlar
- Mr. Ajil Kumar Soll
- - Mr. Sliv
SlanIar Monon
- - -
- Mr. V.K. Sarasval
- Dr. R. Clidambaram
Ms. Nirupama Rao
Mr. GopaI Krislna IiIIai
Mr. Vijay Singl
Mr. AsloI ClavIa
INDIA 2011
377
Mr. SuniI Milra
- - Mr. C. Rangarajan
- -- -- Mr. D.K. SiIri
-- Mr. I.}. Tlomas
-- Mr. Salyanand Mislra
JUDICIARY
- Mr. }uslico Sarosl Homi Kapadia
Mr. GooIam Issaji Valanvali
- Mr. }uslico AsloI AgarvaI
Mr. GopaI Subramaniam
Indira }aisingl
COMMISSIONS
-- Dr. MonloI Singl AlIuvaIia
--
Mr. SriIumar Banorjoo
-- - - Mr.
K RadlaIrislnan
-- Mr. }uslico I. VonIalarama Roddy
-- - Mr. Molammad Slafi Quraisli
- -- Mr. }uslico M.B. Slal
-- Mr. Ravindra Vorma
-- - Mr. Kunvar Singl
}uslico C.N. Nayar
-- - Dr. M. S. Svaminallan
- -- Ms. Girija Vyas
- - -- -- -- Mr. }uslico D. I.
Wadlva
-- --- Mr. }uslico MaIani Narayan
Rao
- -- Mr. }uslico K.G. BaIaIrislnan
Mr. }.S. Slarma
- -- Mr. B.N. KirpaI
-- Mr. R }oyaslooIan
-- Mr. Sam Iilroda
INDIA 2011
378
LAW ENFORCEMENT ORGANISATIONS
Mr. NolclaI Sandlu
- Mr. Amar Iralap Singl
- -- Mr. Sanjoov Tripalli
Mr. Raman Srivaslava
- Mr. K. Vijay Kumar
- Mr. Niraj Ranjan Das
Mr. Ranjool Kumar Blalia
- Vico AdmiraI AniI Clopra
Mr. Ranjil Sinla
- - Il. GonoraI S. Ravi SlanIar
- Mr. R.K. ModloIar
Il. Gon. Avlar Singl
- - Il. Gon. Salisl Nambiar
Il. Gon. M.C. Blandari
Mr. R.N. Das
-- Mr. Y.S. DadvaI
SCIENTIFIC ORGANISATIONS
- Mr. Ralan Kumar Sinla
Mr. S.K. Slarma
- Dr. Vislva Molan
Kalocl
s- Mr. S. Ayyappan
- - Dr. Samir
Kumar Bralmaclari
Mr. C.S. Vorma
Mr. Ranbir Singl BuloIa
Mr. R.S. Slarma
Mr. GopaI
Das (Acling)
Mr. KuIdip Singl
- Mr. Subodl Blargava
Mr. S. NaIanasli
Mr. B. C. Tripalli
Mr. DoopaI
Kumar Ianvar
INDIA 2011
379
-
Dr. IaIil K. Ianvar
Mr. I. Sridlaran
Mr. Ajay SlanIar
Mr. Iradoop Kumar
Mr. K.I. Dlingra

Mr. Arup Roy Claudlurv
Mr. B. Irasada Rao
BANKING AND COMMERCIAL ORGANISATIONS
- Mr. Duvvuri Subbarao
- - Mr. Sudlir Clandra
- Mr. C.B. Blavo
- -- Mr. V. Sridlar
- Mr. Irabir Songupla
Mr. Y.S.I. Tloral
Mr. O.I. Blall
- - - Mr.
Rajan Blarli MillaI
- Mr. T.S. Vijayan
- Mr. Malllov Vargloso
- -- Mr. Hari S. Blarlia
- Mr. Som MillaI
Rajondra S. Iavar
- Ms. Svali IiramaI
- Mr. Arvind IandaIai
- Mr. }. Harinalrajan
BOARDS & COUNCILS
- Ms. Rajni IaliI
- - Mr. D.N. Tripalli
Mr. Andro BoloiIIo
Irof. Krislan Kumar
Mr. V. RajagopaIan
Ms. Iroma Cariappa
Mr. VivoIsalai
INDIA 2011
380
Dr. Amrila IaloI
Mr. }uslico Ajay Kumar Banorji
-- Mr. Vijay I. KaIIar
ARTS AND FILMS
Mr. SuniI Gangopadlyay
Mr. Ram Nivas Mirdla
- - Ms. MrinaI Iando
Mr. Om Iuri
- Ms. SlramiIa Tagoro
- - Ms. Nandila Das
- - Mrs. KapiIa
Valsyayan
Mr. AsloI Bajpai
- Mr. Navoon Kumar
Mr. T.R. MaIaIar
SPORTS ORGANISATIONS
- - Mr. Vijay Kumar MaIlolra
- Mr. SlaslanI Manolar
- - Mr. V.K. MillaI
- Mr. IrafuI IaloI
- - Mr. G.S. Mandor
- Mr. Arvind Klanna
- -- Mr. V.K. Vorma
- - -- Mr. Yaslvanl Sinla
- - -- Mr. Ajay ClaulaIa
- -- Mr. Vijay Kumar MaIlolra
-- Mr. }uslico G.N. Ray
- Mr. Ravindra Kumar
- -- Mr. Kundan R. Vyas
-- - Mr. Vinool }ain
- Mr. Subrolo Clallopadlyaya
- -- Mr. I. B. Roy
Mr. S. Ramaiya
INDIA 2011
381
OTHER ORGANISATIONS
- - - Mr. Hardoop Singl Iuri
- -- - Mr. K.M. ClandrasoIlar
- -- Mr. SuIldoo Tloral
Mr. Damodar Aclarya
Mr. D.I. AgravaI
Mr. R.N. Raglupally
Mr. Anslu vaisl
UPSCPORTALS
IAS PRELIMINARY2012
INDIAN POLITY
For
General Studies
S. A. Majid
382

1. Hamas : IaIoslinian
oxlromisl group
2. Sinn Ioin : I. R. A. s poIilicaI
ving
3. Truo Iall : Amajor consliluonl
of llo Iarly ruIing
coaIilionin TurIoy
-
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1 and 3
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 2 and 3
---
- -
(a) a crudo formof loroin
(b) a crudo formof cocaino
(c) uraniumoxido
(d) unrofinodgoId
-
-
(a) Norvay (b) Svodon

(c) IinIand (d) Auslria
--
-
(a) U.S.A., Russia, India, Iranand IsraoI
(b) Iraq, Iibya, India, Russia and Clina
(c) BraziI, AngoIa, Norll Koroa, IaIislan
andU.S.A.
(d) Syria, Sri IanIa, }apan, Singaporo and
Iranco 1996
- -- -

(a) Russia (b) Cyprus
(c) IorlugaI (d) Spain
--
-
(a) var againsl Ioprosy
(b) smaII-pox oradicalion
(c) puIso poIio immunizalion
(d) popuIarisalion of oraI rolydralion
llorapy
-
(a) Dr. Homi Blabla (Iosllumous)
(b) Iormor Irosidonl R. VonIalaraman
(c) Salyajil Ray (Iosllumous)
(d) Dr. AbduI KaIam
-
- - -

(a) Canada (b) }apan
(c) Svodon (d) Zimbabvo
33
MultipleChoice
Questions
Click Here to Buy Other Important Books for IAS, CSATExam:
383
- -
----
- -
- - - -
--
- -
A. Dr. Raja Ramanna1. IIanl Clomislry
B. Dr. M.S. 2. NucIoar Ilysics
Svaminallan
C. Irof. U.R. Rao 3. Tlormodynamics
and aslroplysics
D. Irof. Moglnad 4. Spaco rosoarcl
Sala 5. AgricuIluraI
scioncos
-
A B C D
(a) 3 5 2 1
(b) 2 1 4 3
(c) 2 5 4 3
(d) 3 1 4 2
-
(a) IngIisl, Ironcl and Russian

(b) IngIisl, Ironcl, Gorman andRussian
(c) IngIisl, Ironcl, Russian, Clinoso and
Hindi
(d) IngIisl, Ironcl, Clinoso, Russian,
Arabic and Spanisl
- - -
- - -
--
- -
- -
A. Sarasvali MalaI 1. Ialna
Iibrary
B. Iibraryof Tibolan 2. DlaramsaIa
WorI andArclivos
C. Raza Iibrary 3. Tlanjavur
D. Kluda BaIsl OrionlaI 4. Rampur
IubIic Iibrary
-
A B C D
(a) 3 2 4 1
(b) 3 2 1 4
(c) 2 3 1 4
(d) 2 3 4 1
- -
(a) clarloring ving of llo Minislry of
Surfaco Transporl
(b) conlainor sorvico oslabIislod by
Indian RaiIvays
(c) lraining inslilulo of marilimo sludios
and rosoarcl
(d) passongor insuranco sclomo of Indian
RaiIvays
- -
- -

- -- --
-- --
--- -
- ---
-
-
- --
-- -
- --

-
- - --
- -
-- --
-
-
(a) Iion
(b) IIoplanl
(c) Tigor
(d) Ono-lornod rlinocoros
- --

384
1. Tlo Iuropoan Union vas Inovn
oarIior as llo IuropoanCommunily.
2. Tlo SingIo Iuropoan Acl (1986) and
llo Maaslricll Troalyvoro miIoslonos
inils formalion.
3. Cilizons of Iuropoan Unioncounlrios
onjoy duaI cilizonslip.
4. SvilzorIand is a mombor of llo
IuropoanUnion.
--
(a) 2 and 4 (b) 1 and 3

(c) 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 3
- -
-
(a) Hindi (b) IngIisl
(c) Mandarin (d) Spanisl
--
-
(a) Tlo Walor (Coss) Acl, 1977

(b) Tlo Iorosl (Consorvalion) Acl, 1980
(c) Tlo IubIic IiabiIily Insuranco Acl,
1991
(d) Tlo Iorl Iavs Amondmonl Acl, 1997
- - -
- - -
--
-- - -
A. Sasli Tlaroor 1. CIoar Iigll of Day
B. AmilavGlosl 2. CircIo of Roason
C. Anila Dosai 3. IovoandIonging
inBombay
D. ViIramClandra 4. Slov Businoss
-
A B C D
(a) 4 2 1 3
(b) 4 2 3 1
(c) 2 4 1 3
(d) 2 4 3 1
-
- -

(a) U.S.A. (b) Singaporo

(c) HongKong (d) Iranco
- - -
- - -
--
- -
A. DovoIopmonl 1. UNIndia
Irogrammo Human
DovoI opmonl
Roporl
B. NalionaI CounciI 2. India
of AppIiod DovoIopmonl
Iconomic Roporl
Rosoarcl
C. Indira Gandli 3. WorId
insliulo of DovoIopmonl
DovoIopmonl Roporl
D. WorId BanI 4. Human
DovoIopmonl
Roporl
-
A B C D
(a) 4 1 2 3
(b) 4 2 1 3
(c) 2 3 4 1
(d) 2 1 4 3
- - -
- - -
--
- -
-
A. ConlraI Inslilulo 1. Hydorabad
of Higlor Tibolan
Sludios
385
B. Indira Gandli 2. Mumbai
Inslilulo of
DovoIopmonl
Rosoarcl
C. NalionaI Inslilulo 3. BangaIoro
of MonlaI HoaIll
andNouro-scioncos
D. ConlraI Inslilulo 4. DlaramslaIa
of IngIisl and
IoroignIanguagos
5. Varanasi
-
A B C D
(a) 5 3 4 1
(b) 5 2 3 1
(c) 3 2 4 5
(d) 4 5 1 2
- -
--
-
(a) Clina (b) MaIaysia
(c) Koroa (d) IliIippinos
- --
-
1. Iirsl balcl of vomon piIols vas
commissionod in Indian Air Iorco in
1996.
2. Officors TrainingAcadomy is Iocalod
in Nagpur.
3. Soullorn Command of Indian Navy
las ils Hoadquarlors al Clonnai.
4. Ono of llo RogionaI Hoadquarlors of
Coasl Guard is Iocalod al Iorl BIair.
- --
(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 3 onIy (d) 4 onIy
- - -
- - -
--
- -
-
A. ConlraI Inslilulo of 1. Clandigarl
ModicinaI &Aromalic
IIanls
B. Conlrofor DMA 2. Hydorabad
Iingor Irinling
and Diagnoslics
C. Inslilulo of MicrobiaI 3. NovDoIli
ToclnoIogy
D. NalionaI Inslilulo of 4. IucInov
ImmunoIogy
-
A B C D
(a) 2 4 1 3
(b) 4 2 1 3
(c) 2 4 3 1
(d) 4 2 3 1
- - -
- - -
--
- -

A. WorIdInvironmonl 1. Marcl 20
Day
B. WorIdIoroslryDay 2. }uno 5
C. WorId Habilal Day 3. Soplombor 16
D. WorIdOzono Day 4. Oclobor 3
5. Docombor 10
-
A B C D
(a) 2 1 4 5
(b) 1 2 4 3
(c) 1 2 3 4
(d) 2 1 4 3
-
(a) an ollnic minorily inIaslorn Clina
(b) aninsurgoncy oulfil inWoslornClina
(c) a pro-domocracymovomonl inClina
(d) a spiriluaI movomonl inClina
386
-
(a) an irrigalion projocl invoIving India
and Myanmar
(b) a joinl lourisminilialivoof somo Asian
counlrios
(c) a lydrooIoclric povor projocl invoIv-
ing India, BangIadosl and Myanmar
(d) a dofonco and socurily agroomonl of
India vill ils oaslornnoiglbours
- -- -
-
- - -
--
- -
A. Wadlva 1. Tlo assassinalion
Commission of Rajiv Gandli
B. Iiborlan 2. KiIIingof Gralam
Commission Slainos
C. Sri Krislna 3. DomoIilionof a
Commission roIigious
slrucluro al
Ayodlya
D. }ainCommission 4. Riols in Mumbai
in 1993
-
A B C D
(a) 3 2 4 1
(b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 3 2 1 4
(d) 2 3 1 4
- -
- -
(a) confIicl bolvoondifforonl nalivo ollnic
groups
(b) proIongodcrisis ovor Iandroforms
(c) oconomic crisis duo lo conlinuous
drougll and famino
(d) povor slruggIo bolvoon poIilicaI
groupof vlilo IuropoansollIors and
nalivo bIacI communily
- - -
- - -
--
- -
- -
A. InlornalionaI 1. BrussoIs
Alomic Inorgy Agoncy
B. InlornalionaI ToIo- 2. Gonova
communicalionUnion
C. CounciI of llo 3. Iaris
IuropoanUnion
D. Organisalionfor 4. Vionna
Iconomic Cooporalion
andDovoIopmonl
-
A B C D
(a) 1 2 4 3
(b) 4 3 1 2
(c) 1 3 4 2
(d) 4 2 1 3
- -
1. AngoIa
2. CoIombia
3. Congo
4. Sudan
- - -
-
(a) 1 onIy (b) 2 and 3
(c) 4 onIy (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
- -
(a) Iiloralour
(b) musician
(c) scionlisl
(d) sporlsporson
-
---
(a) Iranco (b) IlaIy

(c) IorlugaI (d) Spain
387
-- -
(a) Tlo Iross CounciI of India is an

aulonomous quasi-judiciaI body
oslabIislodundor anAcl of IarIiamonl
(b) Tlo Iross Informalion Buroau
providos accrodilalionlomodiaporson
soas lolavooasyaccoss loinformalion
fromgovornmonl sourcos
(c) Among aII llo slalos of India,
Malarasllra pubIislos llo Iargosl
numbor of novspapors
(d) Iross Trusl of India is llo Iargosl novs
agoncy in llo counlry
- --
-
-
1. During SlimIa Agroomonl, Indira
Gandli andZuIfiIar Blulloagrood lo
mainlainllo sanclily of IOC.
2. Ialoro Summil looI pIaco in llo yoar
1997.
3. IsIamabad Summil vas loId bolvoon
Rajiv Gandli and Navaz Slarif.
- -- -
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 3
(c) OnIy 2 (d) OnIy 1
-- -
(a) Iasl Timor vas aBrilislcoIonyfor four

conlurios
(b) Tlo Iuropoan coIoniaI ruIors landod
ovor Iasl Timor lo Indonosia in1975
(c) Tlo Unilod Nalions looI ovor Iasl
Timor in 1999 lo proparo il for
indopondonco
(d) Iasl Timor finaIIy docIarod ils
indopondonco in Docombor 2001
- -

(a) DovAnand
(b) Iala MangoslIar
(c) Ramanand Sagar
(d) Yasl Clopra
- -
(a) Dofonco
(b) Invironmonl &Iorosls
(c) Homo Affairs
(d) Scionco &ToclnoIogy
--
-
(a) IcoIand (b) India

(c) NovZoaIand (d) U.S.A.

- -
- - -
(a) cuIlivalion of gonolicaIIy modifiod
collon
(b) rolabiIilalion of vomon viclims of
AIDS
(c) IivoIilood projocls for doslilulo ruraI
vomon
(d) rain-valor larvosling
--
- - --

1. DaIslina Blaral Hindi Iraclar

Sabla, Clonnai
2. NalionaI Inslilulo of IlarmacoulicaI
Iducalion, and Rosoarcl, MolaIi
3. Sroo Clilra TirunaI Inslilulo for
ModicaI Sorvicos and ToclnoIogy,
Tliruvananllapuram
4. IaIslmibai NalionaI Inslilulo of
IlysicaI Iducalion, GvaIior
- - -
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 3 and 4

(c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
388
- --
1. I. V. Narasimla Raos govornmonl
oslabIislod dipIomalic roIalions
bolvoonIndia andIsraoI.
2. ArioI Slaron is llo socond Irimo
Minislor of IsroaI lo lavo visilodIndia.
-- -

(a) 1 onIy (b) 2 onIy
(c) Boll 1 and 2 (d) Noillor 1 nor 2
-
- -
(a) discovoryof lugo rosorvos of oiI
(b) soparalisl roboIIious aclivilios by llo
IocaI poopIo
(c) conlinuous confIicl bolvoon llo
govornmonl lroops and llo narcolic
mafia rosuIling in a groal Ioss of
lumanIifo
(d) inlonso coIdvavo IiIIing lundrods of
poopIo
- - -
- -
- - --
- -
A. IndianInslilulo of 1. Coimbaloro
Goomagnolism
B. InlornalionaI 2. Mumbai
AdvancodRosoarcl
Conlrofor Iovdor
MolaIIurgyand
NovMaloriaIs
C. SaIimAIi Conlro 3. }abaIpur
for OrnilloIogy &
NaluraI Hislory
D. TropicaI Ioroslry 4. Hydorabad
RosoarclInslilulo
-
A B C D
(a) 2 3 1 4
(b) 1 4 2 3
(c) 2 4 1 3
(d) 1 3 2 4
-
1. Arabic 2. Ironcl
3. Spanisl
-
-
-- -
(a) 3-1-2 (b) 1-3-2
(c) 3-2-1 (d) 1-2-3
- -
- -

1. Doparlmonl of : Minislryof HoaIll
CliId and and IamiIy
DovoIopmonl WoIfaro
2. Doparlmonl of : Minislryof
OfficiaI Ianguago HumanRosourco
DovoIopmonl
3. Doparlmonl of : Minislryof Walor
DrinIing Walor Rosourcos
SuppIy
- - -
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) Nono
- - -
- - -
--
- -
-
A. UnilodNalions 1. Nairobi
DovoIopmonl
Irogrammo (UNDI)
B. UnilodNalions 2. Vionna
Invironmonl
Irogrammo(UNII)
C. UnilodNalions 3. Borno
InduslriaI DovoIopmonl
Organizalion(UNIDO)
389
D. UnivorsaI IoslaI 4. NovYorI
Union(UIU)
-
A B C D
(a) 2 3 4 1
(b) 4 1 2 3
(c) 2 1 4 3
(d) 4 3 2 1
- -

(a) RaiIvay Slaff CoIIogo : Vadodara

(b) ConlraI Organizalion for : Varanasi
RaiIvay IIoclrificalion
(c) WlooI and AxIo IIanl : BangaIoro
(d) RaiI-coaclIaclory : KapurllaIa
-

(a) Uslad BismiIIal Klan
(b) Salyajil Ray
(c) Iala MangoslIar
(d) Raj Kapoor
-
--
(a) Tosl CricIol malclfixing
(b) Bosl BaIory Caso
(c) ToloIIa lapos Caso
(d) DomoIilion of llo dispulod slrucluro
al Ayodlya
-
- -
(a) DaboIimAirporl, Goa

(b) Coclinairporl
(c) Hydorabad airporl
(d) BangaIoro airporl
- ---
1. Clampanor-IavagadlArclaooIogicaI
IarI
2. Cllalrapali Slivaji RaiIvay Slalion,
Mumbai
3. MamaIIapuram
4. SunTompIo (KonarITompIo)

-
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 1, 3 and 4
(c) 2 and 4
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
- --
1. Tlo Clarlor of llo Unilod Nalions
Organizalionvas adoplod al Gonova,
SvilzorIand in }uno, 1945.
2. India vas admillod lo llo Unilod
Nalions Organizalioninllo yoar 1945.
3. Tlo TruslooslipCounciI of llo Unilod
Nalions Organizalion vas oslabIislod
lo manago llo affairs of lorrilorios
dolaclodfrom}apanandIlaIyaflor llo
Socond WorId War or sucllorrilorios
nol undor llo conlroI of a counlry al
llal limo.
-- -

(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2 onIy
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 onIy

-
(a) Clina (b) Myanmar

(c) TlaiIand (d) Violnam
-
(a) Cambodia (b) Clina

(c) Iaos (d) IliIippinos
390
- --
1. Socond WorIdBuddlisl Summil vas
loId in BangIoI in Novombor-
Docombor, 2004.
2. WorId Iunjabi Conforonco vas loId
in }aIandlar in Docombor, 2004.
3. 4ll Mooling of llo SAARC Trado
Minislors vas loId in IsIamabad in
Novombor, 2004.
-- -

(a) 3 onIy (b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3
- --
1. Tlo Hoadquarlors of llo InlornalionaI
Organizalionfor Slandardizalionaro
IocalodinRomo.
2. ISO 9000 roIalos lo llo quaIily
managomonl syslomandslandards.
3. ISO 14000 roIalos lo onvironmonlaI
managomonl syslomslandards.
-- -

(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 3 onIy
(c) 2 and 3 (d) Nono
- --
1. VigyanRaiI is a Scionco Ixlibilionon
vlooIs organizod by llo CounciI of
Scionlific and InduslriaI Rosoarcl.
2. VigyanIrasar is anaulonomous body
undor llo Minislry of Human
Rosourco DovoIopmonl.
3. IDUSAT, llo ISROs oducalionaI
saloIIilo vas Iaunclod from Ironcl
Guyana in 2004.
-- -

(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3 (d) Nono
- -
(a) SoullornAir : Tliruvananllapuram

Command
(b) IaslornNavaI : VisaIlapalnam
Command
(c) Armourod : }abaIpur and SclooI
Corps Conlro
(d) ArmyModicaI : IucInovConlro
Corps and SclooI
-
-
- -
--
-
(a) TlaiIand (b) Igypl
(c) Indonosia (d) IliIippinos
- -

(a) InlogralodSlooI : SlooI Aullorily
IIanl al }aipur of India
(Orissa)
(b) Iovor IIanl al : Issar Iovor
}amnagar
(Gujaral)
(c) Nabinagar Iovor : Indian
IIanl (Bilar) RaiIvays
(d) KayamIuIomIovor : NalionaI
IIanl (KoraIa) TlormaI
Iovor
Corporalion
-
-
(a) Myanmar
(b) Indonosia
(c) Maurilius
(d) Singaporo
391
--
-

(a) Minislry of AgricuIluro
(b) Minislry of HoaIll andIamiIy WoIfaro
(c) Minislryof HumanRosourcoDovoIop-
monl
(d) Minislry of RuraI DovoIopmonl
-- -
(a) Tlo Iirsl Moolingof llo Iarlios (MOI)

lo llo Carlagona IrolocoI onBiosafoly
vas loId in IliIippinos in llo yoar
2004
(b) Indiais nol a signalorylollo Biosafoly
IrolocoI/Convonlion on BioIogicaI
Divorsily
(c) Tlo Biosafoly IrolocoI doaIs vill
gonolicaIIymodifiod organisms
(d) Tlo Unilod Slalos of Amorica is
mombor of llo Biosafoly IrolocoI/
ConvonliononBioIogicaI Divorsily
- -
- -
- --
(a) AuslraIia (b) Gormany

(c) }apan (d) NovZoaIand
- -

(a) Violnam
(b) Brunoi DarussaIam
(c) BangIadosl
(d) Myanma
- - -
-
- -

(a) Russia (b) India
(c) Sri IanIa (d) BangIadosl
-
- -
- - -

(a) Hampi TompIos
(b) MamaIIapuramTompIos
(c) SunTompIo, KonarI
(d) Klajuralo TompIo
- - -
- -
--
- -
- -
A. I.C.G. Sudarslan 1. Tloalro
B. V. Slanla 2. VioIin
C. T.N. Krislnan 3. Rosoarcl in
Ilysics
D. MaloslDallani 4. Cancor
lroalmonl
5. Walor
larvosling
-
A B C D
(a) 3 1 2 4
(b) 2 4 5 1
(c) 3 4 2 1
(d) 2 1 5 4
- -
(a) Iiro safoly codo inbuiIdings

(b) IarllquaIo-rosislanl buiIding codo
(c) Bar codo
(d) Againsl aduIloralionoalabIos
-
- -
(a) Auslria
(b) SvilzorIand
(c) NollorIands
(d) Canada
392
-
-
(a) Iondiclorry Univorsily
(b) MauIana Azad NalionaI Urdu
Univorsily, Hydorabad
(c) Visva Blarli, Slanli NiIolan
(d) Univorsilyof Madras, Clonnai
- -
--

- -
(a) CairnInorgy
(b) UnocaI Corporalion
(c) RoIianco Inorgy Vonluros
(d) ONGC
-
-
-
(a) CoIombia (b) VonozuoIa

(c) Nigoria (d) Saudi Arabia
-

-
(a) Infosys ToclnoIogios Ild.
(b) Midas CommunicalionToclnoIogios
(c) Tala ConsuIlancy Sorvicos
(d) BioconIndia Ild.
-
---
-
- -
- -
(a) Bolva and ClambaI
(b) Bolva and Kon
(c) ClambaI and Son
(d) Konand Narmada

- - - -
-
(a) Il is an inconlivo sclomo of
scloIarslips for llo singIo girI cliId
in famiIios in viIIagos.
(b) Il is an inconlivo sclomo of scloIar-
slips for fomaIo sporlsporsons from
viIIagos vlo roprosonl lloir slalos in
anygamo.
(c) Il is aninconlivo sclomo for sclooIs in
llo viIIagos for compulor oducalion.
(d) Il is an inconlivo sclomo for
Ianclayali Raj inslilulions.
-
-- -
(a) Norvay (b) Svodon

(c) IinIand (d) DonmarI
- - -
- -
--
- -
-
A. IIa Blall 1. Tloalro
lraining
B. Malaslvola Dovi 2. Womons
Iabour soclor
C. IbralimAIIazi 3. Managomonl
loacling
D. Vijay Govindarajan 4. Iilloralour and
sociaI vorIor
for llo
counlrys
lribaI
communilios
-
A B C D
(a) 3 1 4 2
(b) 2 4 1 3
(c) 3 4 1 2
(d) 2 1 4 3
393
---
-
(a) RaiIvay signaIIing
(b) Navigalion
(c) Offsol prinling
(d) IIoclronic voling maclino
- --
1. Tlo NoboI Irizo Avarding Coromony
laIos pIaco on Docombor 10 of ovory
yoar.
2. Tlo NoboI Irizo for Iiloraluro vas
addodIalor onlollo ollor fivo aroas
Ilysics, Clomislry, IlysioIogy or
Modicino, Ioaco and Iconomics.
-- -

- 8- - -
(a) Anagoncyformodbyllo InlornalionaI
OIympic Commilloo (IOC) lo clocI
misuso of drugs by sporls-porsons
(b) A non-govornmonlaI organizalion
vlicl spociaIizos in inlornalionaI
lumanilarian aid and omorgoncy
modicaI assislanco
(c) AnorganizalionlodovoIopappIicalions
of nano-loclnoIogyinmodicino
(d) An organizalion of modicaI
praclilionors fundod by llo Iuropoan
Union vlicl carrios oul rosoarcl
againsl sproad of AIDS
- -

(a) Norvay
(b) DonmarI
(c) IcoIand
(d) UnilodKingdom
- -
- -
(a) Irosidonl of India
(b) Vico-Irosidonl of India
(c) Irimo Minislor of India
(d) Union Minislor of Scionco and
ToclnoIogy
84 - - -
- -
--
- -
- -
A. BlajanSopori 1. Blaralnalyam
dancor
B. Birju Malaraj 2. Ixpononl of
Sanloor
C. Iriyadarsini 3. Mridangam
maoslro
D. T V GopaIaIrislnan 4. KallaI dancor
-
A B C D
(a) 2 1 4 3
(b) 3 1 4 2
(c) 2 4 1 3
(d) 3 4 1 2
- --

(a) IdvardKasnor
(b) BiII Galos
(c) TimBornors-Ioo
(d) VinodDlam
-
-

(a) Dubai (b) }oddal
(c) IsIamabad (d) AnIara
-

394
(a) Russia (b) KazaIlslan
(c) UIraino (d) UzboIislan
-
-
(a) Knovnfor rosoarcl inagricuIluro
(b) Aronovnod foolbaII coacl
(c) Agroal vrilor vlovonllo NoboI Irizo
for Iiloraluro
(d) Knovn for rosoarcl in raiIvay
onginooring
- --

(a) InvironmonlaI proloclion
(b) OIympics Gamos
(c) }ournaIism
(d) CiviI Avialion
- --
1. Tlo sorios of llo InlornalionaI Iapor
Sizos is basod on A0 sizo vloso aroa is
0.5 m
2
(approximaloIy).
2. Tlo aroa of A4 sizo papor is 1/8ll of
llal of llo A0 sizo papor.
-- -


- - -

- -

(a) Canada (b) Clina
(c) }apan (d) USA
- -
-
-
(a) Clonnai (b) Hydorabad
(c) Iuno (d) Gurgaon
- -
-

-
(a) CoIombia (b) Cosla Rica
(c) GualomaIa (d) Nicaragua
- --
1. In llo yoar 2006, India succossfuIIy
loslod a fuII-fIodgod cryogonic slago in
rocIolry.
2. Aflor USA, Russia and Clina, India is
llo onIy counlry lo lavo acquirod llo
capabiIily for uso of cryogonic slago in
rocIolry.
-- -

- --
1. Norll AlIanlic Co-oporalion CounciI
(NACC) is llo namo of llo nov
organizalion vlicl las ropIacod llo
Norll AlIanlic Troaly Organizalion
(NATO).
2. Tlo Unilod Slalos of Amorica and llo
UnilodKingdombocamo llo mombors
of llo NATOvlonil vas formod inllo
yoar 1949.
-- -

- -

(a) HoIping Indonosia in ils offorls lo

rolabiIilalo llo viclims of oarllquaIo in
llal counlry
(b) Ivacualing llo Indian NalionaIs from
Iobanon during llo confIicl in llo
MiddIo Iasl
395
(c) Assisling Unilod Nalions in ils offorls
lo loIp llo civiI var viclims in llo
Darfur rogionof NorllAfrica
(d) Iroviding a roIiof pacIago lo farmors
aflor a spalo of suicidos by ollor farmors
inAndlra Iradosl.
- --
1. Clina las llo obsorvors slalus al llo
Soull Asian Associalion for RogionaI
Cooporalion.
2. India las llo obsorvors slalus al llo
Slanglai Cooporalion Organisalion
-- -

- - -
- -
--
- -

A. IoroignInloIIigonco 1. IsraoI
Sorvico
B. Minislryof Slalo 2. Brilain
Socurily
C Socrol InloIIigonco 3. Clina
Sorvico
D. Tlo Mossad 4. Russia
-
A B C D
(a) 4 1 2 3
(b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 4 3 2 1
(d) 2 1 4 3
- -
-
-
(a) UnilodSlalos of Amorica
(b) Moxico
(c) AuslraIia
(d) NovZoaIand
-
(a) An aco spying group lrainod by llo
IoIico in Iondon
(b) Avood-IiIIing clomicaI usodby llo US
MiIilary inllo ViolnamWar
(c) A loclniquo usod in llo advancod
raiIvay safoly procoduro
(d) AspociaI clomicaI usodin maIingaIIoy
slooI
-
1. Asian DovoIopmonl BanI

2. Asia-Iacific Iconomic Cooporalion
3. CoIomboIIan
4. Organizalionfor Iconomic Cooporalion
andDovoIopmonl (OICD)
- -
(a) 1 and 3 onIy (b) 2 and 4 onIy

(c) 1, 2 and 3 onIy (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
- -
-
(a) Hoarl surgory
(b) CiviI avialion
(c) Tloalro lraining
(d) Transporl onginooring
-

(a) Manipuri (b) Blaral Nalyam
(c) Kuclipudi (d) Odissi
- - -
(a) AIoading lloalro porsonaIily
(b) AIoading viIdIifo plolograplor
(c) AIoading inlornalionaI IogaI oxporl
(d) AIoading orllopaodic surgoon
- -
-
(a) ToIugu (b) TamiI
(c) BongaIi (d) MaIayaIam
396
- - -
- -
--
- -
--
-
-
A. AmnoslyInlornalionaI 1. VisIuIi
B. CommonvoaIllof 2. Iaris
Indopondonl Slalos
(CIS)
C Danubo Commission 3. Iolor
Bononson
D. Iuropo Spaco 4. BoIgrado
Agoncy Convonlion
-
A B C D
(a) 3 1 4 2
(b) 4 2 3 1
(c) 3 2 4 1
(d) 4 1 3 2
- -

- - -

(a) BandungConforonco
(b) BrollonWoods Conforonco
(c) VorsaiIIos Conforonco
(d) YaIla Conforonco
-
-
1. NalionaI Conlro for : Mysoro
CoII Scionco
2. Conlrofor DNA : Hydorabad
Iingorprinling and
Diagnoslics
3. NalionaI Brain : Gurgaon
RosoarclConlro
- -
-
(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 onIy
(c) 2 and 3 onIy (d) 1 and 3 onIy
-

--
(a) Minislryof Dofonco
(b) Minislry of Homo Affairs
(c) Minislry of Slipping, Road Transporl
and Higlvays
(d) Minislry of Invironmonl andIorosls
--

- -
(a) Ablidlamma IilaIa
(b) Malablarala
(c) Ramayana
(d) Rig-Voda
-
---
(a) TurIoyand Grooco
(b) Sorbs and Croals
(c) IsraoI and Arab counlrios Iod by Igypl
and Syria
(d) Iranand Iraq
--
-
(a) Moroccoand AIgoria
(b) Nigoria and Camoroon
(c) AngoIa and Zambia
(d) Illiopia and SomaIia
-
-
(a) Blavnagar (b) Mounl Abu
(c) NasiI (d) Ujjain
397
- - -
- -
-
- --
(a) Kavaralli
(b) Iorl BIair
(c) MangaIoro
(d) VaIsad
-

(a) RaiIvay Wagons
(b) InformalionToclnoIogy
(c) Isolopo ToclnoIogy
(d) Road Transporl
- -
--
(a) KarnalaIa
(b) Malarasllra
(c) KoraIa
(d) Orissa
- --
1. Tlo NucIoar SuppIiors Group las 24
counlrios as ils mombors.
2. India is a mombor of llo NucIoar
SuppIiors Group.
-- -

(a) 1 onIy
(b) 2 onIy
(c) Boll 1 and 2
(d) Noillor 1 nor 2
-
- -
-
-
(a) Clina (b) }apan
(c) Russia (d) USA
- -
-- -
-

(a) IoIico Roforms
(b) Tax Roforms
(c) Roforms in ToclnicaI Iducalion
(d) Adminislralivo Roforms
- -
-
(a) Almodabad
(b) Clonnai
(c) Hydorabad
(d) KoIIala
- --
1. Tlo NalionaI SclooI of Drama vas sol
upby Sangool NalaI AIadomi in 1959.
2. Tlo liglosl lonour conforrod by llo
Salilya AIadomi on a vrilor is by
oIocling limils IoIIov.
-- -

(a) 1 onIy
(b) 2 onIy
(c) Boll 1 and 2
(d) Noillor 1 nor 2
-
- -

(a) Iiloraluro
(b) IorformingArls
(c) Scionco
(d) SociaI Sorvico
-
-

(a) Adminislralivo sIiIIs
(b) Acliovomonls inScionlific Rosoarcl
(c) Acliovomonls inSporls andGamos
(d) Courago and vaIour
- - -
-
398
(a) ArunaclaI Iradosl
(b) HimaclaI Iradosl
(c) SiIIim
(d) UllraIland
-- -
- --

(a) BalubaIi
(b) Buddla
(c) Malavir
(d) Nalaraja
- -
1. GalIa, a lradilionaI : KoraIa
marliaI arl
2. Madlubani, a : Bilar
lradilionaI painling
3. Singloy Klababs : }ammu &
Kaslmir
Sindlu Darslan : IoslivaI
- -
(a) 1 and 2 onIy (b) 3 onIy

(c) 2 and 3 onIy (d) 1, 2 and 3

(a) AlradilionaI loddylappors communily

of Andlra Iradosl
(b) A lradilionaI fisling communily of
Malarasllra
(c) AlradilionaI siII-voavingcommunily
of KarnalaIa
(d) A lradilionaI saIl pan vorIors
communilyof Gujaral
---
-
-
--
(a) 1 yoar (b) 2 yoars
(c) 3 yoars (d) 5 yoars

- -
(a) Illiopia (b) Konya
(c) SomaIia (d) Sudan
- -
- - - -
--
(a) Andlra Iradosl
(b) KarnalaIa
(c) KoraIa
(d) TamiI Nadu
-

(a) Dlrupad vocaIisls
(b) KallaI dancors
(c) Sarodmaoslros
(d) TabIa pIayors
- - -
--
--
- -
- -
A. MandaIini Amlo 1. Tloalro
diroclion
B. NooIamMansingl 2. SociaI sorvico
Clovdlary and
communily
Ioadorslip
C. RomiIa Tlapar 3. Danco
D. Vanaslroo Rao 4. Hislory
vriling
-
A B C D
(a) 2 1 4 3
(b) 2 4 1 3
(c) 3 1 4 2
(d) 3 4 1 2
399
- --
1. Tlo BagIilar Iovor Irojocl lad boon
conslruclodvillinllo paramolors of llo
Indus Walor Troaly.
2. Tlo projocl vas compIoloIybuiIl by llo
Union govornmonl vill Ioans from
}apanand llo WorId BanI.
-- -

- -
1. SvilzorIand
2 MaIla
3. BuIgaria
-
(a) 1 and 2 onIy (b) 2 and 3 onIy

(c) 1 and 3 onIy (d) 1, 2 and 3
-
-
-
(a) DiIvara TompIo
(b) KaIIa-SlimIa RaiIvay
(c) BlilorIaniIa Mangrovo Aroa
(d) VisaIlapalnamloAraIuvaIIoyraiIvay
Iino
- --
1. Tlo Govornor of Iunjabis concurronlIy
llo Adminislralor of Clandigarl.
2. Tlo Govornor of KoraIa is concurronlIy
llo Adminislralor of IaIsladvoop.
-- -

- -

-
1. AsianDovoIopmonl ToIyo
BanI
2 . Asia-Iacific Singaporo
Iconomic
Cooporalion
3. Associalionof Soull BangIoI
Iasl Asian Nalions
- -
(a) 1 and 2 onIy (b) 2 onIy

(c) 2 and 3 onIy (d) 3 onIy
-
- --
1. Tlo Iconomic and SociaI CounciI
(ICOSOC) of UNconsisls of 24mombor
Slalos.
2. Il is oIoclod by a 2/3rd majorily of llo
GonoraI AssombIyfor a 3-yoar lorm.
-- -

-
-
(a) BuIgaria (b) Croalia
(c) Macodonia (d) Sorbia
-
- -
(a) Irilroa and Sudan

(b) Illiopia and SomaIia
(c) Konya and SomaIia
(d) Illiopia and Sudan
-
-
(a) MuIliIaloraI Invoslmonl Guaranloo
Agoncy
400
(b) InlornalionaI Iinanco Corporalion
(c) InlornalionaI Conlro for SollIomonl of
Invoslmonl Dispulos
(d) BanIfor InlornalionaI SollIomonls
-
-

(a) Unilod Nalions Conforonco on llo
Human Invironmonl, SlocIloIm,
1972
(b) UNConforonco on Invironmonl and
DovoIopmonl, Rio do }anoiro, 1992
(c) WorId Summil on SuslainabIo
DovoIopmonl, }olannosburg, 2002
(d) UN CIimalo Clango Conforonco,
Coponlagon 2009
-
-
-
1. Tlo Rigll loDovoIopmonl
2. Tlo Rigll lo Ixprossion
3. Tlo Rigll loRocroalion
- -
(a) 1 onIy
(b) 1 and 3 onIy
(c) 2 and 3 onIy
(d) 1, 2 and 3
- --
1. Tlo CommonvoaIll las no clarlor,
lroaly or conslilulion.
2. AII llo lorrilorios/counlrios onco
undor llo Brilislompiro (jurisdiclion/
ruIo/ mandalo) aulomalicaIIy joinod
llo CommonvoaIllas ils mombors.
-- -

(a) 1 onIy
(b) 2 onIy
(c) Boll 1 and 2
(d) Noillor 1 nor 2
--
- -
(a) InlornalionaI BanI for Roconslruclion

andDovoIopmonl
(b) InlornalionaI Iund for AgricuIluraI
DovoIopmonl
(c) Unilod Nalions DovoIopmonl Iro-
grammo
(d) Unilod Nalions InduslriaI DovoIop-
monl Organizalion
-- -
(a) Kacclalivu and Tin Bigla voro

lorrilorios acquirod by llo Indian
RopubIic fromllo Ironcl
(b) KacclalivuandTinBiglaarolorrilorios
landod ovor lo Sri IanIan and
BangIadosli sovoroignly rospoclivoIy
bylloGovornmonl of India
(c) Kacclalivu and Tin Bigla aro aroas
llal voro annoxod by llo Clinoso in
llo 1962 Sino-Indian War
(d) KacclalivuandTinBigla arooncIavos
vliclvoro lransforodloIndia byIoaso
arrangomonls vill Sri IanIa and
IaIislanrospoclivoIy
401
. (a)
. (c)
. (c)
. (a)
. (d)
. (a)
. (d)
. (c)
. (c)
. (d)
. (a)
. (a)
. (b)
. (d)
. (c)
. (d)
. (a)
. (b)
. (c)
. (b)
. (c)
. (d)
. (b)
(d)
. (d)
. (b)
. (b)
. (b)
. (d)
. (c)
. (a)
. (d)
. (c)
. (d)
(c)
. (d)
. (d)
. (c)
. (d)
. (d)
. (a)
. (b)
. (c)
. (a)
. (d)
. (b)
. (b)
. (d)
. (d)
. (b)
. (d)
. (c)
. (a)
. (b)
. (a)
. (c)
. (d)
. (c)
. (c)
. (b)
. (d)
. (c)
. (c)
. (d)
. (c)
. (c)
. (c)
. (c)
. (c)
. (c)
. (d)
. (a)
. (c)
. (b)
. (b)
. (d)
. (a)
. (b)
. (c)
. (a)
. (b)
. (d)
. (c)
. (c)
. (c)
. (b)
. (c)
. (c)
. (c)
. (d)
. (a)
. (a)
. (d)
. (a)
. (b)
. (b)
. (c)
. (a)
. (b)
. (a)
. (c)
. (a)
. (c)
. (c)
. (a)
. (b)
. (c)
. (b)
. (d)
. (c)
. (d)
. (a)
. (a)
. (c)
. (b)
. (d)
. (a)
. (d)
. (b)
. (c)
. (c)
. (d)
. (b)
. (a)
. (c)
. (d)
. (b)
. (b)
. (a)
. (a)
. (a)
. (a)
. (b)
. (b)
. (a)
. (c)
. (d)
. (d)
. (b)
. (d)
. (b)
. (d)
. (a)
. (a)
. (b)
UPSCPORTALS
IAS PRELIMINARY2012
INDIAN ECONOMY
For
General Studies
S. A. Majid
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Contents vii

WWW. UPSCPORTAL. COM

(i) Doparlmonl of Hoavy Induslrios (Blari Udyog Viblag)

3. Commilloo on Iolilions Nominalod 15 TiII Roconslilulod

1. Businoss Advisory Nominalod 11 (IncIuding TiII roconslilulod

1. }oinl Commilloo on SaIarios Nominalod 15(10-IoI Sabla) Ono yoar

9. Commilloo on AgricuIluro (i) AgricuIluro

- - Govornmonl of India las boon organising

TolaI Aroa 2.5 Sovonll Russian, Iodoralion,

TolaI 16.7 Socond Clina

1. 200102 20,97,726 65,746.2 14,119.5 79,865.7 3.13 0.67 3. 81

AIIocalion for oducalion incroasod by 24 por conl ovor curronl yoar.

IIan aIIocalions for loaIll sloppod-up by 20 por conl.

Group of Minislors conslilulod lo considor moasuros for lacIIing corruplion.

Rocommondalions of ToclnoIogy Advisory Group for Uniquo Irojocls (TAGUI)

Ioprosy Norvous Syslom Spols on body, norvos

SypliIis Urinary pall Wounds in urinogoniaI lracl

(a) Norvay (b) Svodon

(a) IngIisl, Ironcl and Russian

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(a) 2 and 4 (b) 1 and 3

(a) Tlo Walor (Coss) Acl, 1977

(a) U.S.A. (b) Singaporo

(a) Iranco (b) IlaIy

(a) Tlo Iross CounciI of India is an

(a) Iasl Timor vas aBrilislcoIonyfor four

(a) IcoIand (b) India

1. DaIslina Blaral Hindi Iraclar

(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 3 and 4

(a) RaiIvay Slaff CoIIogo : Vadodara

(a) DaboIimAirporl, Goa

(a) Clina (b) Myanmar

(a) Cambodia (b) Clina

(a) SoullornAir : Tliruvananllapuram

(a) Tlo Iirsl Moolingof llo Iarlios (MOI)

(a) AuslraIia (b) Gormany

(a) Iiro safoly codo inbuiIdings

(a) CoIombia (b) VonozuoIa

(a) Norvay (b) Svodon

(a) HoIping Indonosia in ils offorls lo

1. Asian DovoIopmonl BanI

(a) 1 and 3 onIy (b) 2 and 4 onIy

(a) 1 and 2 onIy (b) 3 onIy

(a) AlradilionaI loddylappors communily

(a) 1 and 2 onIy (b) 2 and 3 onIy

(a) 1 onIy (b) 2 onIy

(a) 1 and 2 onIy (b) 2 onIy

(a) Irilroa and Sudan

(a) InlornalionaI BanI for Roconslruclion

(a) Kacclalivu and Tin Bigla voro

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