DOE Mountain Management Plan Charrette Presentation

Char ret t e: November 4-9, 2013
f or :
10537 Hi ghway 421 North, Shady Val l e y, Te nne s se e 37688
F e b r u a r y 5 , 2 0 1 4
D o e M o u n t a i n
Ma n a g e m e n t P l a n
T he B u s i ne s s of A dv e nt u r e Tou r i s m
Th e Na t u r e Co n s e r va n c y - Te n n e s s e e Ch a p t e r
I.3 I.3
I nt r oduc t i on Far me r | Mor gan, L. L. C.
Introduction
Acknowledgements
Illustrations
Benj ami n Far mer
Principal- Managing Partner
bfarmer@farmermorgan.com
334-444-2893
Jessica Besaw
PM Environmental, Inc.
GIS Coordinator
besaw@pmenv.com
517. 325. 9875
Daniel C. Reese
Alpha Trace Consulting
Owner/Operator
dreese_52@hotmail.com
423. 302. 7753
Chris A. Fleming, M.S.
BDY Natural Sciences Consultants
Natural Resources/Biologist
cfleming@bdy-inc.com
615. 460. 9797
Ben Johnson
Ben Johnson Il l ustrations
info@benjohnsonillustrations.com
615.497.1799
Alpha Trace
Consulting
The Doe Mountain Recreation Area Management Plan has been prepared for the Doe
Mountain Recreation Authority by Farmer | Morgan, L.L.C. The funding is provided through
The Nature Conservancy of Tennessee via a grant from the Tennessee Healthy Watersheds
Initiative. In addition, the Doe Mountain Recreation Authority (DMRA) is providing funds to
the development of the management plan. The Doe Mountain Management Plan (DMMP) is
intended to serve as a guide for future development and redevelopment of the Doe Mountain
Recreation Area located in Johnson County, Tennessee. The project components that are proposed
in this document are results of the pubic visioning session and design charrette conducted by
Farmer | Morgan with the help of Alpha Trace Consulting, BDY Natural Sciences Consulting,
PM Environmental, Ben Johnson Illustrations, and students from the Auburn University Master
of Landscape Architecture Program and the Master of Community Planning Program.
The desire and mandate for developing a management plan for Doe Mountain that is guided
by an engaged local community is owed to Senate Bill No. 3647. This bill is the founding
stone for development of Doe Mountain through civic engagement that is coupled with
sustainable design principles that are focused on sixteen (16) adventure tourism activities. The
document is centered upon user group economics, citizen engagement, adventure tourism and
the conservation of Doe Mountain. Farmer | Morgan is thankful to the citizens of Mountain
City and Johnson County for providing their vision that is contained within this document.
The Nature Conservancy Tennessee Chapter
Gina Hancock
State Director, The Nature Conservancy of Tennessee
2021 21st Avenue South
Suite C-400
Nashville, TN 37212
Gabriel Lynch
Program Manager
10537 Highway 412 North
Shady Valley, Tennessee 37688
Assisting Entities & Agencies
Farmer | Morgan, L.L.C., Planning, Design & Construction
Dan Reese, Alpha Trace Consulting
Chris Fleming, M.S. BDY Natural Sciences Consultants
Silas Mathes, M.S. BDY Natural Sciences Consultants
Jessica Besaw, PM Environmental
Donta Fairey, PM Environmental
Ben Johnson, Ben Johnson Illustrations
Auburn University Master of Landscape Architecture Program
Auburn University Master of Community Planning Program
Special Thanks to:
The Doe Mountain Recreation Authority, Chairman Larry Potter
Citizens, Stakeholders, & Participants
City of Mountain City, Tennessee
Johnson County, Tennessee
Mr. & Mrs. Hotchkiss, Proprietors of the Prospect Hill Bed & Breakfast
Mrs. Todd Grayson, Proprietor of The Coffee Shop
The Doe Mountain Planning Review Process
Please send review comments to planning committee members listed
below:
Gabby Lynch, Chair glynch@tnc.org
Larry Potter johnsoncountymayor@embarqmail.com
Richard Strang rmstrang@eastman.com
Mike Farmer mike.farmer@tridesigntn.com
Bob Richards Robert.Richards@tn.gov
Gary Marsh unaboater@gmail.com
Jerry Grindstaff nevajg1963@gmail.com
Carolyn Hawkins johnsoncounty_circuitcourt@hotmail.com
Planning committee members will review, analyze and combine
the received comments and then send a combined request to the
planning team for response and action as required.
The review schedule is as follows:
February 2014: DMRA Board Member comments only received
March 2014: Stakeholder & User Group comments received
April 2014: Community of Doe Mountain comments received
May 2014: Final Document Draft distributed
June 2014: Final Document adopted by DMRA
Table of Contents
Introduction .........................................................
Executive Summar y ...............................................
Identity for Doe Mountain .....................................
Significant Resources .............................................
Adventure Tour ism Market Analysis .........................
The Char rette .......................................................
Goals & Objectives ................................................
Development Opportunities ...................................
The Future of Doe Mountain .................................
Appendix .............................................................
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Doe Mountain Management Plan
Management Plan
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Introduction
The frst public recognition that mans life, in sickness
and health is bound up with the forces of nature, and
that nature, so far from being opposed and conquered,
must rather be treated as an ally and friend, whose
ways must be understood, and whose counsel must be
kept respected.
Hippocratic Corpus, Airs, Waters and Places
- the frst major work on medical meteorology, climatology, geography
and anthropology.
What is a management plan?
A management plan is a blueprint for
managing the way an organization is run or
implements a series of tasks. For this project
the term master plan is more appropriate
for the task at hand. A master plan is a basic
management function involving development
of one or more plans or concepts to achieve
optimum balance of needs or demands
with the available resources. The process
for developing the master plan hinges on
identifying a series of goals and objectives
that guide the master plan development or
strategies for implementation.
What is adventure tourism?
Adventure tourism is a market based
alternative catering to the growing number of
travelers trying to find, understand and enjoy
adventure, culture, wildlife and environment.
Adventure tourism has three defining
characteristics of physical activity, connection
to nature and cultural immersion.
What is the DMRA?
The DMRA or Doe Mountain Recreation
Authority is a fifteen member board
established by special enabling legislation
for the 8,600 acre tract composing the Doe
Mountain Recreation Area. The board is
charged with protecting the natural resources
of Doe Mountain while leveraging those
resources for economic development through
adventure tourism.
Pluralism & Preservation
In 1872 Congress established Yellow Stone National Park, as a
pleasure ground for the benefit and enjoyment of the people
(NPCA. National Parks Conservation Association. 2013). Yellow
Stone is the first national park for our nation and the world. The
two million acre park, consisting of romantic vistas and beautiful
geysers, is preserved and managed for use and benefit for the citizens
of the United States.
As Americans we have long carried a romantic relationship with our
landscape. This romanticism stems from early perceptions of bucolic
forests, scenic valleys and majestic mountains of our forefathers
and settlers of this great nation. The storey goes that the idea for
developing Yellow Stone into a public park, to be preserved for the
nation, began around a campfire. At the Madison River Junction in
1870 members of an expedition debated whether the area should be
developed for private gain or public posterity. In a fleeting moment
around the fire the group agreed that preservation for the greater
good was in order. A recommendation to designate the area as a
nation park was given to the legislature. On March 1, 1872 the first
national park for the people was born.
President Theodore Roosevelt wrote about Yellow Stone National
Park and the preservation of natureas fundamentally a movement of
democracy (Sellars, Richard West. Preserving nature in the National
Parks. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997). The preservation
and conservation movement benefited all of Americans in a way
that crossed cultural and economic divides. The pluralistic mentality
used to preserve and establish our nations greatest evidence of
conservation is worthy of emulating. This emulation is proposed
by the State of Tennessee in the DMRA legislation through an
engaged local community. The leveraging of landscapes through
public recreation to further economic development was on the
minds of earlier planners of the national park system. However, the
proposed park system like the process to plan Doe Mountain was a
democratic movement that crosses cultural and economic divides.
The plurality required to preserve nature sheds light on contemporary
efforts to conserve and leverage our modern landscapes. The
modern recreational model develops recreation and conservation
as an economic driver while conserving the resources for future
generations.
Picture the future of the Southern Appalachian Mountains region.
The Unaka and Clinch mountains stand tall and green with lush
vegetation; the Holston, Nolichucky and Watauga rivers teem with
native fish and recreational boaters; the landscape is inspiring with
protected open space and clear scenic vistas; the air smells fresh and
it is exciting to be part of something this special, this magnificent.
Southern Appalachia Greenways Alliance Plan. (2006).
The Concept of Doe Mountain
The 8,600 acre Doe Mountain Recreation Area began as a concept
for conserving land while leveraging the natural resource as an
economic driver for the region. The Nature Conservancy and the
State of Tennessee partnered to develop a unique recreation area
that is focused on adventure tourism, envisioned through citizen
engagement and based around user group economics. These three
principles drive the underpinnings for this plan and the future of
Doe Mountain as an Adventure Tourism Destination.
The process for developing the Doe Mountain Management Plan
(DMMP) is contained within three phases. The first phase is the pre-
charrette which is the data gathering phase. In this phase the Farmer
| Morgan planning team completed four external documents that
serve as external appendices to this plan. Those efforts include
The Demographic Analysis of the Local and Regional Context,
The Adventure Tourism User Economic Survey Report, The Doe
Mountain Biological Assessment Report and Citizen & Stakeholder
Engagement Report. Each of these analyses was shared with citizens
and stakeholders during the weeklong community design Charrette
held in Mountain City.
The second phase of the planning process is the charrette. The
charrette is a weeklong citizen and stakeholder engagement process
where the planning team is on site and actively engaging the
community for insight and input into the vision for Doe Mountain.
At the end of the week a closing presentation was held and the four
alternative development scenarios were presented for citizen review
and comment. The development scenarios set the proposed methods
for accessing and undertaking adventure tourism on Doe Mountain.
The third phase of the planning process is the post charrette. The post
charrette phase compiles the pre-charrette and charrette information
into an informative and workable document to then enter into the
four month management plan review process. Upon completion of
the review and comment period the Doe Mountain Management
Plan is adopted by the DMRA and implementation begins.
The management plan process has not arbitrarily imposed design
upon Doe Mountain. The process has taken full advantage of
quantitative and qualitative analysis while using to the fullest extent
the potential and the restrictive conditions that nature offers. A
series of assumptions and choices are stated within the document
and are evident in the citizen envisioned goals and objectives. The
selection of citizen and stakeholder choices place a hierarchy of
economics against conservation as is evident within the variations
of the development scenarios.The constant balance of conservation
to economics will continue as the management plan is implemented
and updated from generation to generation. The difficulty is
to maintain the citizen vision for protecting and leveraging Doe
Mountain while following the legislative mandate to operate the
mountain as an adventure tourism business.
Image: Doe Mountain from the Fire Tower
(Photo, 2013: Dan Reese)
Management Plan
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Execut i ve Summa r y
Sect i on
Executive Summary
A.2 A.2
Exe c ut i ve Summar y Doe Mount ai n Manage me nt Pl an
A.3 A.3
Exe c ut i ve Summar y
Executive Summary
Far me r | Mor gan, L. L. C.
Management Plan
I dent i t y f or Doe Mount a i n
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I de nt i t y f or Doe Mount ai n
Identity for Doe Mountain
Doe Mount ai n Manage me nt Pl an
Knowledge comes by taking
things apart: analysis. But wisdom
comes by putting things together.
John A. Morrison
Image: Doe Mountain Recreation Authority
Logo
(Digital, 2013: DMRA)
Doe Mountain Recreation Authority
(DMRA) Enabling Legislation
The Doe Mountain Recreation Authority (DMRA) is established
by legislative action through Senate Bill No. 3647 via an amendment
to Tennessee Code Annotated Title 11 through chapter 11-27-
101. This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the Doe
Mountain Recreation Authority Act of 2012 (State of Tennessee,
Public Chapter No. 1106, Senate Bill No. 3647, 2012.). The
enabling legislation establishes clear and concise objectives for Doe
Mountain which include conservation of natural resources, to give
rise to an unparallel location for family oriented, multi-use outdoor
recreation, job creation and economic growth. (State of Tennessee,
Public Chapter No. 1106, Senate Bill No. 3647, 2012).
The DMRAs three objectives are to:
1. prepare a comprehensive, long range, site-specific master plans
and to ensure compliance with such plans
2. and to conserve the land, waters, and wildlife of Doe Mountain
in a manner protective of the resource, including, where
applicable, transfer of lands management for natural areas;
3. and to foster economic development for the people by the
development and operation of multi-use, family-oriented
outdoor recreation opportunities.

In short, the DMRA has been established to protect and conserve
the resources of Doe Mountain through planning, promoting,
financing, constructing, managing, and developing multi-use
recreational opportunities for public participation and enjoyment
that will create jobs and facilitate economic development (State of
Tennessee, Public Chapter No. 1106, Senate Bill No. 3647, 2012).
Partnerships
The 8,600 acre tract that is Doe Mountain was purchased through a
partnership of the State of Tennessee and The Nature Conservancy.
The purchase was completed in June of 2012 with ownership being
held by the State of Tennessee. The Nature Conservancy and the State
of Tennessee established a set of visionary goals for Doe Mountain
within the Doe Mountain Recreation Authority legislation. This was
done in order to ensure that while protecting the landscape we are
also finding ways to maximize the tourism potential of these areas and
provide multiple family-friendly recreational opportunities (Doe
Mountain Offers New Vision for Conservation. Gina Hancock.
Knoxville News Sentinel 16 June 2012:Web). In addition, the Doe
Mountain partnership offers the state a chance to consider a new,
right-sized conservation management structure and policies that best
engage the community, protect the lands and waters, and develop the
full economic potential of the mountain. (Doe Mountain Offers
New Vision for Conservation. Gina Hancock. Knoxville News
Sentinel 16 June 2012:Web).
In order to undertake the unique and asset based economic driver
that is Doe Mountain the project requires continued and expansive
partnerships. The DMRA enabling legislation calls for a broad
engagement of entities to ensure success of Doe Mountains
conservation and to realize the full economic potential for the citizens
of Tennessee. (State of Tennessee, Public Chapter No. 1106, Senate
Bill No. 3647, 2012). The conservation of Doe Mountain and the
proper development of multi-use recreational opportunities on the
mountain require partnerships between state and local government,
the private sector, conservationists, and an engaged local community
to preserve the mountains unique nature and realize its economic
potential. (State of Tennessee, Public Chapter No. 1106, Senate Bill
No. 3647, 2012). The DMRA Board of Directors consists of fifteen
(15) members from local, regional and state entities. In addition, the
Johnson County Chamber of Commerce, a conservation/recreation
entity and a member with knowledge of recreation planning and/or
marketing or operations of outdoor recreation. It is worthy to note
that the DMRA board composition does not carry a mandate for
one or multiple business owners or entrepreneurs from the State of
Tennessee or Johnson County. It is the planning teams experience
with economic drivers like Doe Mountain that experience in business
development coupled with partners in conservation and recreation
round out a board to make informed decisions. An example of a
business owner that would serve the board well is an owner who
manages business growth, finance and capital investment for their
business. The need for this understanding of cash flow projections
and startup costs in comparison to current cash flow against current
expenses is paramount in a startup entity like the Doe Mountain
Recreation Area. There should be less concern about the types and
amount of recreation entities and more evaluation of revenues and
expenditures. This statement is based on three premises. First, the
project program for Doe Mountain is established by the DMRA
enabling legislation as an Adventure Tourism Business and specifically
citing the Tennessee Adventure Tourism and Rural Development
Act of 2011, Title 11, Chapter 11, Section 202. This act lists
canoeing, equine trail riding, hang-gliding, kayaking, motorized trail
riding, mountain biking, paragliding, rappelling, road biking, rock
climbing, shooting sports, spelunking, triathlon, white water rafting,
zip lining. One additional activity, hiking, is added in the DMRA
enabling legislation as part of the activities to be included within
Doe Mountain. Second, the area/acres necessary to undertake each
adventure tourism activity follows multi-use recreational standards
for that specific activity. Finally, the standard in recreational tourism
is to plan and develop for a three day experience for a user group.
These fundamental premises for developing the Doe Mountain
Management Plan allow user groups, DMRA Board Members and
citizens of Johnson County to focus on the issues of access to Doe
Mountain and implementation of all sixteen identified activities
proposed within the Doe Mountain Management Plan.
Location
Doe Mountain is located within Johnson County in the southeastern
corner of the State of Tennessee. The 8,600 acre tract is bound by
various private properties that abut Doe Mountain and separate the
tract from State Highway 67 to the north and State Highway 167 to
the south of Doe Mountain. In addition, U.S. Highway 421 passes
through the municipality of Mountain City, TN to the northeast
of Doe Mountain proper. Mountain City is the sole incorporated
municipality within the immediate vicinity of Doe Mountain and is
located on the northeastern end and at the base of the Doe Mountain
tract. Adjacent to the southwestern corner of Doe Mountain is the
unincorporated community of Butler. Butler is famous for being
inundated by Lake Watauga in 1948. The incorporated town of
Butler was relocated and reconstructed on a different site, causing it
to be forever known as the town that wouldnt drown.
Doe Mountain is composed of Appalachian Oak Forest with limited
perennial or intermittent streams. Harvesting of Doe Mountain
resources has taken place through the years with mining operations,
timber harvesting, and residential development. The most evident
resource extraction today is the planned and failed residential
development for Doe Mountain that left winding gravel roads, a
sales office (now owned by Johnson County) and existing outparcels
on the northeastern end of the Doe Mountain Tract.
B.3 B.3
Top: Regional Significant Resources Map
(Ink & Marker, 2013: Rodney Benton &
Katherine Martin)
Doe Mountain is a juxtaposition of conservation,
preservation, recreation and economic development
that is unusual for public lands. This collection of
ideals for each of the four categories outlined above
brings us into a new era of quasi-governmental parks
- parks that are developed as economic drivers. This
document describes a process for developing a leveraged
landscape for the people of Tennessee. Although the act
of developing and operating public recreation grounds
for profit is contemporary, the process for how to do it
is deeply embedded in the dreams and philosophy of
our national park system. A system that, by its very
nature, is democratic in its principles.
Project Need
The need to develop recreational and cultural assets in Tennessees
rural communities is listed as number ten of the 10 initiatives for 2020
in the State of Tennessees Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan
(SCORP). The tenth initiative is titled 10. Rural Economies 2020
Vision and states that Tennessees rural regions will gain significant
economic benefits from their rich heritage of natural, historic, and
cultural resources, will value them as significant assets, and will take
steps to preserve and protect them.
The need for the Doe Mountain Adventure Tourism Destination
can be categorized in three forms identified in citizen engagement
efforts and the community design charrette. First, the potential
for economic impact is great according to previous Tourism and
Recreation Economic Impact Analysis completed by Golder
Associates on Doe Mountain in December 2011. The Golder Report
was completed prior to the Doe Mountain purchase and prior
to the establishment of the Doe Mountain Recreation Authority
by legislative act. Thus, the report does not take into account the
full obligations and opportunities bestowed upon the DMRA and
Doe Mountain as an Adventure Tourism Destination. However,
the report did find substantial economic impact based on three test
scenarios that provided the economic opportunity prior to the land
purchase and the establishment of the DMRA.Three scenarios were
explored in this study: 1. A low impact/low development scenario,
2. a mountain biking scenario, and 3. an off-highway vehicle (OHV)
scenario. Based on these three various scenarios evaluating the
development of Doe Mountain, the mountain was projected to
produce a permanent output of $600,000.00 to $7.1 million in
annual revenues. Please note, the Golder Report was not designed
to evaluate infrastructure and startup costs for any of the economic
impact scenarios.
The second need for the Doe Mountain Project stems from the
visioning session comments which identified the need to protect
and conserve such a vast and unique tract of land. This need to
protect the resources of east Tennessee and ultimately Appalachia is
not unique. The idea to leverage and conserve the resources of the
Appalachian Region began during the 17th century and continues
to the present day. Each period states the economic hardships of
the Appalachian people while evaluating the vast natural resources
contained within its mountains and valleys. The DMRA and the
citizens of Tennessee continue this effort to analyze and put together
a means of protecting the limited resources that the mountain and
the region have to offer, while responsibly capitalizing on those
resources to leverage the economies of surrounding municipalities.
The third opportunity identified in the community visioning
sessions is to set a standard for adventure tourism as a sustainable
economic driver. The wisdom to undertake multi-use recreation
comes in limited precedent for an adventure tourism destination that
contains sixteen (16) adventure tourism activities. The precedent
sites for adventure tourism contain or capitalize on one, two, or three
adventure tourism activities. Doe Mountain has the opportunity to
become an intense adventure tourism destination and be competitive
in the market based on its collection of recreational activities and their
extreme nature being applied to Doe Mountain. The planning team
has not found a true and direct precedent that mimics the proposals,
strategies and vision proposed for Doe Mountain. However, we
have outlined the unique opportunity centered on sustainable
development strategies for adventure tourism, economic analysis of
user groups as well as analysis of market strategies within the region.
This effort is intended to maintain Doe Mountain as a competitive
adventure tourism destination for years to come.
10. Rural Economies: The
Need of rural regions for help in
harnessing their recreation assets
for economic development.
-Tennessee 2020,Vision for Parks, People
& Landscapes (2009)
Many of Tennessees rural counties
are lagging behind the rest of the
state economically. Most of the
counties with the highest poverty
rates or lowest median household
incomes happen to lie within the
regions that are the richest in natural
and historic resources. These
assets give them the potential for
development and diversifcation of
their local economies.
- Tennessee 2020,Vision for Parks,
People & Landscapes (2009)
B.4 B.4
ADVENTURE TOURISM
MARKET REPORT
A STUDY BY: The George Washington University
School of Business, The Adventure Travel Trade
Association, and Xola Consulting
Released August 2010
Adventure Tourism
Adventure Tourism was defined in 2005 by the Canadian Tourism
Commission as: an outdoor leisure activity that takes place in an
unusual, exotic, remote, or wilderness destination, involves some
form of unconventional means of transportation, and tends to be
associated with low or high levels of activity (Her Majesty the
Queen in right of the Province of Nova Scotia. A Guide to Starting
and Operating an Adventure Tourism Business in Nova Scotia. The
Economic Planning Group of Canada, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 2005).
Furthermore, the guide describes adventure tourism to include and
to be defined as an outdoor activity involving a sense, or reality,
of adventure with hands on and involves some level of physical
participation, most of it outdoors in location of natural, scenic,
sometimes remote destination with nature as the core experience.
The Guide also categories adventure tourism into two types of
softand hardadventure travel. Soft Adventure Tourism is a travel
experience that requires minimal expertise and training with a low
level of activity in comparison to hard adventure tourism. Examples
of soft adventure tourism for Nova Scotia include biking, hiking,
flat water sports such as canoeing and lake kayaking as well as trail
riding and bird watching. Hard Adventure Tourism activities include
whitewater kayaking, mountain climbing and back county trekking.
The Hard Adventure Tourism category is intended to be strenuous
and require a certain level of skill and involves highly dangerous
activity.
The Adventure Tourism Market Report undertaken by George
Washington University, School of Business, The Adventure Travel
Trade Association, and Xola Consulting in 2010 also follows similar
standards for defining adventure tourism. The report focused on
the adventure traveler markets of Europe, Latin America and
North America. The Xola report also identified only three hard
adventure tourism activities from its user survey of six countries
and 855 respondents. Caving, Mountain Climbing and Trekking
where categorized as hard adventure tourism activities with all other
previously discussed activities falling into the soft category. The
Xola survey supports findings in the Nova Scotia Guide that the soft
adventure tourism market is greater and has the greatest opportunity
for growth. The Xola survey found that adventure travelers place
a higher importance on exploring new places, time to be in nature,
meeting and engaging with local cultures and pushing their physical
limits (The George Washington University School of Business,The
Adventure Travel Trade Association, and Xola Consulting.Adventure
Tourism Market Report. August 2004).
Adventure Tourism is defined within the State of Tennessee by the
Tennessee Adventure Tourism and Rural Development Act of
2011. This enabling legislation may be found in the Tennessee Code
Annotated,Title 11, Chapter 11, Section 201. Adventure Tourism is
listed as fifteen (15) activities which include equine and motorized
trail riding, white water rafting, kayaking, rappelling, road biking,
rock climbing, hang-gliding, spelunking, shooting sports, mountain
biking, canoeing, paragliding, zip lining and triathlons. In addition,
the DMRA legislation includes the activity of hiking. Not all of the
aforementioned sixteen (16) activities may occur on Doe Mountain
proper. However, in order to understand the full economic impact
of adventure tourism to Doe Mountain the location for water related
activities have been identified off site. The assumption is that Doe
Mountain serves as the gateway for adventure tourism to the region
and capitalizes on the vast amount of recreational resources it has to
offer.
Mission Statement
On October 15, 2013 the Doe Mountain Recreation Authority
met in Kingsport, Tennessee to develop a mission statement and a
short set of planning goals to guide the DMRA. The statement and
goals session was lead by consultants from the Municipal Technical
Advisory Service from the University of Tennessee. The DMRA
board collectively developed the following mission statement for the
Doe Mountain Recreation Authority.
To transform Doe Mountain into a safe, fun, family-
oriented, outdoor recreation destination that promotes
local economic development while conserving and
protecting its beauty, woods, water, and wildlife.
As defined by the Adventure Travel
Trade Association, adventure tourism is
a market based alternative catering to
the growing number of travelers trying
to find , understand and enjoy adventure,
culture, wildlife, and environment and
has three main defining characteristics:
(i) physical activity, (ii) connection to
nature and the outdoors and (iii) cultural
immersion with four specific focuses:
Innovative:
The majority of adventure travel businesses
are entrepreneurial, from where innovative
ideas and products often emerge. This is
where many trends begin.
Inspirational:
It is often the aspects of adventure travel:
nature, challenging activities and culture that
create desire in a traveler to visit a place.
Focused on Sustainability:
Adventure Tourism is at the front line of
sustainability because the sector is so obviously
depends on preservation of culture, wildlife,
environment that it is aggressively focused on
being sustainable for the long term.
Strategic:
Adventure tourism typically leaves more
money in destinations as a percentage of
revenue that mass tourism and supports
thousands of small busineses worldwide.
Although it is a smaller sector that many,
it is critical and strategic to a destinations
ultimate success. Adventure tourism has to
have a strong support by destination in order
to achieve this success.
Image: Adventure Tourism Market Report
(Document, 2010: George Washington University
School of Business, The Adventure Travel Trace
Associaton, and Xola Consulting)
Management Plan
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Significant Resources
History of Doe Mountain & Johnson County
Early History
Long before European settlement, Prehistoric Indians, known as
Mound Builders, utilized the area now known as Johnson County
for hunting and burial grounds. Archaeological evidence is the only
trace left of these prehistoric tribes, since their occupation occurred
before the time of written records. Documented historic Indian tribes
of the area included Creek,Yuchi, and Shawnee, all of which were
eventually supplanted by the Cherokee tribe. The lands of Johnson
County were primarily used for hunting and burial grounds, with
the tribes settlements located in adjacent areas.
Early English exploration began in 1749 when Peter Jefferson
(father of Thomas Jefferson) surveyed the area near Laurel Creek.
This survey led to the incorporation of the land that is now Johnson
County into North Carolina. In 1769, the first permanent settlement
by William Bean of Virginia was established along the Watauga River
near Elizabethton. This was most likely proceeded by Regulators
from North Carolina, although there is no documentation.
Early Pioneers
Early Pioneers began to arrive to the area in 1769 when John
Honeycutt who established a home on Roan Creek near Butler.
In about 1770, The Father of Tennessee, James Robertson, stayed
with John Honeycutt on Roan Creek for about a year before he
returned to North Carolina to prepare he and his family for his
famous exploration of Tennessee in 1771. These pioneers were
followed by other settlers including George Lumpkin and Richard
Waldridge. In 1772, the Watauga Association was created by farmers
in Johnson, Carter, and Washington Counties on land leased from
the Cherokees. In 1775, Kentucky and much of middle Tennessee was
purchased from the Cherokees. The Watauga Association purchased
the land that they had previously been leasing for 2000 pounds.
State Formation
In 1784, the State of Franklin (named after Benjamin Franklin) was
formed including portions of what is now Johnson County. Citizens
of the area were split with some favoring inclusion into North
Carolina and some for the new state of Franklin. In 1796, the State
of Tennessee was founded. The area of Johnson County was then
part of Carter County and had a population of approximately 500.
Johnson County Formation
By 1820, the people of present Johnson County felt isolated from
distant local government of Elizabethton and petitioned for a more
centralized county seat. However, the state legislator denied the
petition and left the seat in Elizabethton. In 1836, Johnson county
residents wishes were heard and a new county was formed named in
honor of Thomas Johnson.The county seat was named Taylorville in
honor of Colonel James P.Taylor, a prominent citizen of the county,
and 25 acres were laid out for Taylorville town. Johnson County
was now official, with its own county government. From the initial
settlements until 1836, the area had been under the jurisdiction of
the British, the colony of North Carolina, the loststate of Franklin,
the state of North Carolina, the Southwest Territory, and Carter
County, Tennessee. Johnson County had finally made a name for
itself. By the late 1830s, the first Courthouse and jail were built, and
by 1840, the population of Taylorsville had reached approximate 150.
Around 1846, a 2-story county academy was constructed, although
it was short-lived, and burned in 1856.
Civil War
In 1861, Tennessee succeeds from the Union, despite the fact that
Johnson County voted against succession 787 to 111 votes. Several
counties in Eastern Tennessee, including Johnson, attempted to form
their own state similar to West Virginia, but the State of Tennessee
did not recognize or allow this.
Post-Civil War
In 1866, the Town of Taylorsville became incorporated, and the
3-story Masonic Institute was opened. In 1874, The Taylorsville
Reporter, a local newspaper owned by W.R. Keys, was founded. In
1885,Taylorsville changed its name to Mountain City (apparently due
to its geographic location) and The Taylorsville Reporter changed
its name to the Tennessee Tomahawk. The population of Mountain
City at the time was about 400. In 1894, a new courthouse was built
to replace the original that had been built in 1836.
Twentieth Century
In 1900, the railroad entered the county from Elizabethton through
Butler on its way to Mountain City. By 1910, rails reached Mountain
City, paving the way for the establishment of the Merchants and
Traders Bank in 1922. In 1923, the County High School was built
and a highway was constructed from Bristol to Mountain City
that later extended to North Carolina and Virginia. In 1935, J.R.
Ray, Arthur Potter, and Arthur Nicholas planted the countys first
commercial crop of green beans. Johnson County would eventually
become the states largest green bean-producing county. A great
flood hit the region in 1940, destroying part of the Elizabethton-
Mountain City railroad. It was abandoned and never restored. Later,
the Mountain City-Damascus railroad was also abandoned. Around
1942, many citizens left to join the World War II effort and some
never returned. During this time, TVA created plans to construct
a dam on Watauga River, whose waters would eventually cover
the previous site of the town of Butler. Butler was later rebuilt at a
different location, giving it the namesake, The Town that Wouldnt
Drown.In the late part of the 1950s, the green bean industry sharply
declined, and the area experienced population decline as a result
until the creation of additional local industry in the 1960s.The 1960s
were a time of relative prosperity in Mountain City and Johnson
County, with thriving businesses abound and high community
morale spanning the area. By the 1980s, Mountain City and Johnson
County were showing signs of modernization and increased livability.
Unfortunately, this modernization pushed industries out of town to
places closer to interstate highways leaving downtown Mountain
City sparsely populated and lacking a sustainable, locally based
economy. The Doe Mountain Recreation Area has the potential to
bring back attention and recognition to Mountain City and Johnson
County, while providing much needed economic growth.
Image: Johnson County Historical Map
(Map, 2013: www.mygeneologyhound.com)
Text: History of Mountain City & Johnson
County
(Narrative, 2013: Rodney Benton & Will Hargrove
adapted from History of Johnson County, 1986 by
Johnson County Historical Society)
C.3 C.3
Current Business and Industry
Company Product No. of Employees Production Rate
Northwest Correctional Center Prison 422 1,000 inmates
Parkdale Textiles Ring Spun Yarn 367 1,400,000 lbs. monthly
Film Processing Corporation Recording Film 109
Craftline Wood Products Furniture, Bird Feeders, Swings 90 12,000/weekly
Maymead Company Agricultural and Asphalt 74 Varies Seasonally
Phoenix Medical Products Disposable Medical Testing Equipment 69
N N Ball and Roller, Inc. Stainless Steel Ball Bearings 55 31,000 lbs./daily
Mountain City Lumber Hard and Soft Wood Sawing 50 18,000,000 ft./yr.
Shoun Lumber Company Saw Mill 38
Shelby Elastics Elastic 24 2,000,000 ft./weekly
Custom Crate and Pallet Customized Pallets 19
Rainbow Paper Products, Inc. Paper Bags and Gift Wrap 15
Shoun Trucking Company Haul Lumber 9
Table: Current Business & Industries of Johnson
County
(Table, 2013: Rodney Benton & Will Hargrove
adapted from http://www.townofmountaincity.com/
mountain_city_website_011.htm)
History of Doe Mountain & Johnson County
C.4 C.4
Section 106 Regulations Summary
Introduction
Initiate Section 106 Process
Identify Historic Properties
Assess Adverse Effects
Resolve Adverse Effects
Implementation
Failure to Resolve Adverse Effects
Indian Tribes and Native Hawaiian Organizations
The Public
Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966
(NHPA) requires Federal agencies to take into account the effects
of their undertakings on historic properties, and afford the Advisory
Council on Historic Preservation a reasonable opportunity to
comment. The historic preservation review process mandated by
Section 106 is outlined in regulations issued by ACHP. Revised
regulations, "Protection of Historic Properties" (36 CFR Part 800),
became effective August 5, 2004, and are summarized below.
The responsible Federal agency first determines whether it has
an undertaking that is a type of activity that could affect historic
properties. Historic properties are properties that are included in the
National Register of Historic Places or that meet the criteria for the
National Register. If so, it must identify the appropriate State Historic
Preservation Officer/Tribal Historic Preservation Officer * (SHPO/
THPO*) to consult with during the process. It should also plan to
involve the public, and identify other potential consulting parties. If
it determines that it has no undertaking, or that its undertaking is a
type of activity that has no potential to affect historic properties, the
agency has no further Section 106 obligations.
If the agency's undertaking could affect historic properties,the agency
determines the scope of appropriate identification efforts and then
proceeds to identify historic properties in the area of potential effects.
The agency reviews background information, consults with the
SHPO/THPO* and others, seeks information from knowledgeable
parties, and conducts additional studies as necessary. Districts, sites,
buildings, structures, and objects listed in the National Register are
considered; unlisted properties are evaluated against the National
Park Service's published criteria, in consultation with the SHPO/
THPO* and any Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian organization that
may attach religious or cultural importance to them.
If questions arise about the eligibility of a given property, the agency
may seek a formal determination of eligibility from the National Park
Service. Section 106 review gives equal consideration to properties
that have already been included in the National Register as well
as those that have not been so included, but that meet National
Register criteria.
If the agency finds that no historic properties are present or affected,
it provides documentation to the SHPO/THPO* and, barring any
objection in 30 days, proceeds with its undertaking.
If the agency finds that historic properties are present, it proceeds to
assess possible adverse effects.
The agency, in consultation with the SHPO/THPO*, makes an
assessment of adverse effects on the identified historic properties
based on criteria found in ACHP's regulations.
If they agree that there will be no adverse effect, the agency proceeds
with the undertaking and any agreed-upon conditions.
If a) they find that there is an adverse effect, or if the parties cannot
agree and ACHP determines within 15 days that there is an adverse
effect, the agency begins consultation to seek ways to avoid, minimize,
or mitigate the adverse effects.
The agency consults to resolve adverse effects with the SHPO/
THPO* and others, who may include Indian tribes and Native
Hawaiian organizations, local governments, permit or license
applicants, and members of the public. ACHP may participate in
consultation when there are substantial impacts to important historic
properties, when a case presents important questions of policy or
interpretation, when there is a potential for procedural problems, or
when there are issues of concern to Indian tribes or Native Hawaiian
organizations.
Consultation usually results in a Memorandum of Agreement
(MOA), which outlines agreed-upon measures that the agency will
take to avoid, minimize, or mitigate the adverse effects. In some cases,
the consulting parties may agree that no such measures are possible,
but that the adverse effects must be accepted in the public interest.
If an MOA is executed, the agency proceeds with its undertaking
under the terms of the MOA.
If consultation proves unproductive, the agency or the SHPO/
THPO*, or ACHP itself, may terminate consultation. If a SHPO
terminates consultation, the agency and ACHP may conclude an
MOA without SHPO involvement. However, if a THPO* terminates
consultation and the undertaking is on or affecting historic properties
on tribal lands, ACHP must provide its comments.The agency must
submit appropriate documentation to ACHP and request ACHP's
written comments.The agency head must take into account ACHP's
written comments in deciding how to proceed.
The regulations also place major emphasis on consultation with
Indian tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations, in keeping with
the 1992 amendments to NHPA. Consultation with an Indian tribe
must respect tribal sovereignty and the government-to-government
relationship between the Federal Government and Indian tribes.
Even if an Indian tribe has not been certified by NPS to have a Tribal
Historic Preservation Officer who can act for the SHPO on its lands,
it must be consulted about undertakings on or affecting its lands on
the same basis and in addition to the SHPO.
Public involvement is a key ingredient in successful Section 106
consultation, and the views of the public should be solicited and
considered throughout the process.
Text: Section 106 Regulations Summary
(Advisory Council on Historic Preservation,
Updated April 18, 2013.
<http://www.achp.gov/106summary.html>)
* The regulations defne the term "THPO" as those
tribes that have assumed SHPO responsibilities on
their tribal lands and have been certifed pursuant
to Section 101(d)(2) of the NHPA. Nevertheless,
remember that tribes that have not been so certifed
have the same consultation and concurrence rights
as THPOs when the undertaking takes place, or
afects historic properties, on their tribal lands.
The practical diference is that during such
undertakings, THPOs would be consulted in lieu
of the SHPO, while non-certifed tribes would be
consulted in addition to the SHPO.
COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
AND
ADVISORY COUNCIL ON HISTORIC PRESERVATION
NEPA and
NHPA
A Handbook for Integrating
NEPA and Section 106
MARCH 2013
C.5 C.5
Regional Significant Resources
Top: Regional Significant Resources Map
(Ink & Marker, 2013: Rodney Benton &
Katherine Martin)
Bottom Left: Appalachian Trail
(Photo, April 20, 2006: Scott Basford)
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Appalachian_
Trail_at_Newfound_Gap.JPG>
Bottom Right: Roan Creek Fishing Area
(Photo, 2013: Tennessee State Parks)
<http://tnstateparks.com/assets/images/hero-
images/roan-mountain.jpg>
The map to the left begins to outline the significant resources
adjacent to Doe Mountain on a regional level.The rings on the map
represent a 10 & 50 mile radius around Mountain City to begin to
understand the potential impact of the Doe Mountain Recreation
Area on a regional scale. Several adjacent recreational opportunities
will serve Doe Mountain as additional opportunities for capitalizing
on existing tourism bases. These include, but are not limited to, the
Appalachian Trail, the Virginia Creeper and Laurel Creek trails in
nearby Damascus,VA, the Watauga Reservoir that abuts the mountain
on the southeast side, South Holston Lake to the North, and the
Roan Creek Fishing Area to the South. These provide additional
opportunities for recreation for any visitors to Doe Mountain, giving
them even more reason to recreate in this pristine area.The Cherokee
and Jefferson National Forests and the Hampton Mountain Bike
trail in nearby Elizabethton, TN also provide access to additional
hiking and mountain biking offshoots for Doe Mountain tourists.
Nearby Boone, NC provides an excellent opportunity to capitalize
on existing population resources for immediate economic impact, as
well as providing additional retail opportunities.
C.6 C.6
Local Significant Resources
Top: Local Significant Resources Map
(Ink & Marker, 2013: Katherine Martin)
Bottom Left: Watauga Reservoir
(Photo, 2013: Will Hargrove)
Bottom Right: Farmstead Adjacent to Doe
Mountain
(Photo, 2013: Randy Morgan)
Doe Mountain itself contains many of the significant resources
pertinent to development of the Doe Mountain Recreation Area.
The map to the right begins to illustrate the significant resources
that were mentioned by local stakeholders and residents during the
Community Design Visioning Process of the weeklong Charrette.
Several different adventure tourism activities were highlighted that
could exist directly on Doe Mountain including: Hiking, Mountain
Biking, Equestrian, Off Highway Vehicles (OHV), Paragliding, Hang
Gliding,Rock Climbing and Caving.Although several other activities
may be included on and around the mountain, these were all cited as
being of feasible interest.With these activities in mind, several shared
meeting places were identified that should be accessible to all user
groups including: the Fire Tower, the Old Doe Lookout Tower, and
Chimney Rock. Areas of the mountain with access to fresh, flowing
water were outlined to be allowed access by all user groups.
In addition to the mountain itself, several significant resources are
directly adjacent to Doe Mountain and should be seen as assets in
the development and marketing of the Doe Mountain Recreation
Area. The closest of these adjacent resources are the towns of
Mountain City and Butler that anchor each end of Doe Mountain.
Mountain City should be viewed as the main asset to the mountain,
providing potential for related retail opportunities, entertainment
venues, and restaurants to support activities on the mountain. The
small town charm of Mountain City should be promoted and
protected in any redevelopment efforts, as this was an overarching
concern of local residents and stakeholders. In addition to Mountain
City, the community of Butler can provide additional development
opportunities as well as the opportunity to tell the interesting history
of Butler and how it became The Town that Wouldnt Drown.
Several additional adventure tourism opportunities exist directly
adjacent to Doe Mountain that should be drawn from to bring in
more visitors to the mountain. Hiking and mountain biking trails,
including the world-renowed Appalachian trail and the newly
constructed Virginia Creeper Trail, could feed directly on to Doe
Mountain to provide additional day trip activities for people already
utilizing those trail systems. Cherokee National Forest and the
neighboring Watauga Reservoir provide additional opportunities for
recreational activities that could serve as a draw to potential visitors.
C.7 C.7
Geologic Formation of Doe Mountain
Top: United States Level II Ecoregions Map
(Map, 2008: United States Environmental
Protection Agency)
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Level_III_
ecoregions,_United_States.png>
Bottom Left: Tennessee Level III Ecoregions
(Map, 1997 : United States Environmental
Protection Agency)
<ftp://ftp.epa.gov/wed/ecoregions/tn/tn_front.
pdf>
Bottom Right: Doe Mountain Level IV
Ecoregions
(Map, 2013: Randy Morgan)
The Blue Ridge Mountains of Tennessee
are characterized by forested slopes, high
gradient, cool, clear streams, and rugged
terrain on a mix of igneous, metamorphic,
and sedimentary geology. Annual
precipitation of nearly 80 inches can occur
on the well-exposed high peaks of the
Great Smoky Mountains that reach over
6000 feet.
The southern Blue Ridge is one of
the richest centers of biodiversity in the
eastern U.S. It is the most floristically
diverse ecoregion of the state, and includes
Appalachian oak forests, northern
hardwoods, and Southeastern spruce-
fir forests. Shrub, grass, and heath balds,
hemlock, cove hardwoods, and oak-pine
communities are also significant.
The Unaka Chain is a long range of mountains whose high crest
is the line dividing Tennessee and North Carolina. This chain is
not a single great ridge, but rather, a long belt of parallel ridges.
The range, or its main axis, is continuous lengthwise except where
is intersected by the deep and rocky cuts of the tributaries of the
Holston and Tennessee Rivers that flow out of North Carolina and
the northeastern corner of Georgia.
The second ridge is Iron Mountain, a long, heavy, straight ridge
running through Johnson and Carter counties, forming the boundary
between the two counties for much of its length. It is separated from
Stone Mountain by the valley-lands of Johnson County. It is cut
through both by the Watauga and Big Doe Rivers, but continues as a
well defined range to the southern part of Carter, where it gradually
sinks away. South of the Watauga, it is separated from mountains on
the east by a long, very narrow valley, most of which is Doe River
Cove, in Carter County.
The last ridge is Holston Mountain, which is separated from Iron
Mountain by a curious, very elevated basin of limited extent, called
Shady, and by the large Valley of Stony Creek. It runs out boldly from
its brother ridges into the open country, and terminates abruptly a
few miles north of Elizabethtown.
Doe Mountain is an isolated sandstone ridge that rises up in the
lower part of the Johnson County Valley, and divides the latter
longitudinally into two portions, which unite again around the
southern end of the mountain. It begins near Mountain City and
extends nearly to the Watauga Reservoir.Towards its southern end, it
is cut into by Doe Creek.
Beginning in the northeastern corner of the State, one of the largest
and most interesting coves in Tennessee forms the valley-lands
of Johnson County. The general outline and extent of this cove
may be seen by reference to the map. Below Mountain City, it is
divided lengthwise by Doe Mountain, but it unites again around the
mountain in the valley of the Watauga. Johnson County Cove, as it
may be called, is a more elevated body of valley-land than any other
of equal extent in the State. Its average elevation is considerably more
than 2000 feet above the sea, which is, at least, as high, if not higher,
than the top of the Cumberland Table-land.The Watauga Reservoir
and Roane Creek and its crystal tributaries provide ample water
for the area. Northward, the cove runs to a point not far above the
Virginia line. It is entirely enclosed by mountains. On the east and
south lies the Stone Mountain Range, and on the northwest, the
Iron Mountain Range. To enter or leave the cove, it is necessary,
either to climb over the mountains, or to pass through the very
narrow rocky gaps cut out by the water courses.The gaps most used
are those formed by Doe River to the Southwest and the south fork
of the Laurel to the northwest into Virginia.
The Shady Basin lies between the Holston and Iron Mountains
just before they unite near the Virginia line. This is also included
in Johnson County. It is much higher than Johnson Cove, but is of
limited extent. It is noted chiefly for its excellent iron. This little
basin is so elevated that its flora lends itself to a Canadian character.
Cranberries and northern conifer flourish in this area due to its
high elevations.
C.8 C.8
Biological Assessment -
Sensitive Habitats / Sensitive Sites
Top: Notable habitats documented in the eastern
portion of Doe Mountain Recreation Area located
in Johnson County, Tennessee overlaid with
existing trails and hydrology features.
(Map, 2013: Chris A. Fleming)
Bottom Left: Location of Doe Mountain
Recreation Area located in Johnson County,
Tennessee.
Bottom Right: Aerial imagery of Doe Mountain
Tennessee.
The biological assessment accomplishes two planning goals for the
Doe Mountain Management Plan. First, the biological assessment
is shared and used to inform the charrette participants about the the
diverse and rich habitat that composes Doe Mountain. Second the
biological assessment informs the planning team of sensitive habitats
and sensitive sites within the DMRA. The assessment included a
consultation with Tennessee Division of Natural Areas to identify
known rare species records within the planning area of which there
are 69 species listed as threatened. In addition, the team described
and portrayed the location of potential critical habitats on the 8,600
acre tract on maps and GIS data. Furthermore, the team compiled a
list of each species that might be associated with the critical habitat
areas identified during the habitat analysis phase of the project.
There are 571 rare plant species that are tracked by the State of
Tennessee including 255 that are listed as state endangered species.
Plants listed in Tennessee are protected by the Rare Plant Protection
and Conservation Act of 1985. Of these, 25 are or may be found on
Doe Mountain.
C.9 C.9
Top: Notable habitats documented in the western
portion of Doe Mountain Recreation Area located
in Johnson County, Tennessee overlaid with
existing trails and hydrology features.
Bottom Left: Geologic Map of Doe Mountain
Tennessee overlaid with existing trails and
hydrology features.
Bottom Right: Landcover map of Doe Mountain
hydrology features.
Biological Assessment -
Sensitive Habitats / Sensitive Sites
The biological assessment recommendations consist of buffering the
perennial/intermittent reaches of the streams on Doe Mountain. The
recommendations identified a cut off point between intermittent /
perennial with interpolation based on several drainage observations
made during team site visits. Field observations confirmed mapped
conditions that streams did not flow above certain elevations. The
identified elevation is what was used to determine the cut-off
point for buffering the perennial/intermittent streams. Biological
assessment recommendations confirmed that sections designated as
perennial/intermittent should be used as a guide when determining
where to site certain features or adventure tourism activities. The
designated areas for buffering of recreational activities are that the
intermittent reaches are more likely to have associated wetlands
or rich vegetation assemblages that may support rare species.
There were no hydric soils mapped within the site with wetland
identification based on field observations. There is the possibility
of additional areas to be documented as further on site information
is gathered when environmental reviews are completed prior to
undertaking construction activities. The assessment evaluates slope
aspect that trends to the north and east where more mesic and
therefore more diverse habitats and richer species assemblages exist.
There were no specific reasons that these areas should be avoided but
the development of sustainable design standards for each adventure
tourism activity should be crafted. These standards should minimize
impacts in more steep areas possessing the slope aspects shown in the
report.
C.10 C.10
Documented Sensitive Species
Species Descriptions: Potential Sensitive Species
Descriptions by BDY Biological Consultants
(Text, 2013: Chris A. Fleming)
Hieracium scabrum
Rough Hawkweed
Global Rank:
State Rank:
State Protection:Threatened
Federal Protection:
Habitat Notes:
Prefered habtiats are dry forests, woodland margins, and roadsides
(Weakley).
Occurrence Notes:
This species was documented as occuring within the DMRA
by Dr. Frosty Levy of ETSU. It is documented as occuring in a
disturbed roadside habtiat along the eastern edge of Trail 1. It is
likely found along other roads or within clearings that experience
long durations of solar radiation.
Left: Hierachium scabrum - Rough Hawkweed
(Photo, 2013: C.A. Fleming)
Juglans cinerea
Butternut
Global Rank: G4
State Rank: S3
State Protection: Threatened
Federal Protection: N/A
Ecological Community:
Marginal:
Gulf Coastal Plain--East Gulf Coastal Plain Northern Dry Upland
Hardwood Forest (CES203.483);
Marginal:
Gulf Coastal Plain--South-Central Interior Mesophytic Forest
(CES202.887);
Marginal:
Gulf Coastal Plain--South-Central Interior Small Stream
Habitat Notes:
Prefered habitat is moist, nuntrient-rich forests (Weakley).
Occurrence Notes:
This species has been documented within the DMRA by Dr.
Frosty Levy of ETSU near the small wetland area along the north
side of Highway 167, near its intersection with Trail 1.This species
is likely present within other rich habitats, such as those associated
with north and east trending mesic slopes.
Center: Juglans cinerea - Butternut
(Photo, 2013: B.E. Wofford)
Liatris pilosa
Shaggy Gayfeather
Global Rank: G5?
State Rank: S1
State Protection: Special Concern
Habitat Notes:
Prefered habitat are fields and roadbanks (Weakley).
Occurrence Notes:
This species is documented as occuring withing the DRMA by
Dr. Frosty Levy of ETSU.The two documented populations are
located within roadside clearings along Trail 1.This species may
occur in other roadside habitats or other disturbed clearings within
the DMRA that experience long durations of solar radiation.
Right: Liatris pilosa - Shaggy Gayfeather
(Photo, 2013: USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database)
C.11 C.11
Lycopodiella inundata
Inundated Clubmoss
Global Rank:
State Rank:
State Protection: Likely Endangered
Federal Protection:
Habitat Notes:
Prefered habitats are gravelly or sandy seepage areas and bogs
(Weakley).
Occurrence Notes:
This species is documented as occuring within the DMRA by Dr.
Frosty Levy of ETSU. One population is noted as occuring within
an open seep habitat along the eastern side of of Trail 17.This is
a significant population since it represents the first documented
occurence of this species in Tennessee.
Left: Lycopodiella inundata - Inundated
Clubmoss
Right: Symplocarpus foetidus - Skunk-cabbage
(Photo, 2013: Edgar B. Lickey)
Symplocarpus foetidus
Skunk-cabbage
Global Rank: G5
State Rank: S1
State Protection: Endangered
Suitable:
Ridge and Valley--South-Central Interior Small Stream and
Riparian (CES202.706);
Preferred:
Ridge and Valley--Southern and Central Appalachian Bog and Fen
(CES202.300);
Suitable:
Southern Blue Ridge--South-Central Interior Small Stream and
Ripa
Habitat Notes:
Prefered habitats for this species are seepage-fed bogs and
nonalluvial swamps (Weakley).
Occurrence Notes:
This species has been documented as occuring within the DMRA.
It is located within a small wetland area along the north side of
Highway 167 near its junction with Trail 1.
Documented Sensitive Species
C.12 C.12
Berberis canadensis
American Barberry
Global Rank: G3
State Rank: S2
Preferred:
Cumberland Plateau and Mountains--Southern Ridge and Valley /
Cumberland Dry Calcareous Forest (CES202.457);
Suitable:
Cumberland Plateau and Mountains--Cumberland Riverscour
(CES202.036); Suitable: Ridge and Valley--Southern Appalachian
Oak F
Habitat Notes:
Prefered habitat is rocky woods, forest openings, glades, usually over
mafic rocks (such as diabase) or calcareous rocks (such as limestone)
(Weakley).
Occurrence Notes:
This species is potentially present within the DMRA. It would
likely be found along rocky north and east trending slopes where
there are exposures of limestone. Shady Dolomite, which is mapped
in the eastern and southern portions of DMRA, has a limestone
component.
Left: Berberis canadensis - American Barberry
Center: Cardamine rotundifolia - Round-leaf
Watercress
(Photo, 2013: DNH)
Right: Corvus corax - Common Raven
(Photo, 2013: David Iliff. License: CC-BY-SA 3.0)
Cardamine rotundifolia
Round-leaf Watercress
Global Rank: G4
State Rank: S2S3
Suitable:
Cumberland Plateau and Mountains--Cumberland Acidic Cliff and
Rockhouse (CES202.309);
Marginal:
Cumberland Plateau and Mountains--South-Central Interior
Mesophytic Forest (CES202.887);
Suitable:
Cumberland Plateau and Mountains--South-Central
Habitat Notes:
Prefered habitats are seepages, streambanks, swampy depressions
(Weakley)
Occurrence Notes:
This species is potentially present within the DMRA. It would be
found within a wetland habitat, such as the one document along
the north side of Highway 167, where Trail 1 intersects.
Corvus corax
Common Raven
Global Rank: G5
State Rank: S2
Habitat Notes:
In Tennessee, this species typically inhabits remote mountain forests
and rock cliffs (http://www.tnwatchablewildlife.org/).
Occurrence Notes:
This species is potentially present within the DMRA.While the
site does not provide significant amounts of cliff habitat for nesting,
it may utilize the site for foraging.
Potential Sensitive Species
C.13 C.13
Dryopteris carthusiana
Spinulose Shield Fern
Global Rank: G5
State Rank: S1
Preferred:
Southern Blue Ridge--Southern and Central Appalachian Bog and
Fen (CES202.300)
Habitat Notes:
Prefered habitats are acidic, organic-rich bogs, swamps, less
frequently in moist rocky ravines, rich forests, and sloping rock
outcrops (Weakley).
Occurrence Notes:
This species is potentially present within the DMRA.This species
would likely be present within mesic riparian areas and other
wetland habitats. A historic location is noted immediately to the
south of the DMRA along Hopper Creek.
Left: Dryopteris cathusiana - Spinulose Shield
Fern
(Photo, 2013: A. Murray Evans)
Center: Dryopteris cristata - Crested Shield-fern
Right: Goodyera repens - Dwarf Rattlesnake-
plantain
(Photo, 2013: Dennis D. Horn)
Dryopteris cristata
Crested Shield-fern
Global Rank: G5
State Rank: S2
Preferred:
Ridge and Valley--Southern and Central Appalachian Bog and Fen
(CES202.300);
Preferred:
Southern Blue Ridge--Southern and Central Appalachian Bog and
Fen (CES202.300)
Habitat Notes:
Prefered habitats are bogs and swamp forests (Weakley).
Occurrence Notes:
This species is potentially present within the DMRA. It may be
found in the wetland area along Highway 167, near the intersection
with Trail 1, or in other seep-like wetland areas within the site
possessing hydrophytic vegetation.
Goodyera repens
Dwarf Rattlesnake-plantain
Global Rank: G5
State Rank: S1
Marginal:
Ridge and Valley--South-Central Interior Mesophytic Forest
(CES202.887);
Suitable:
Ridge and Valley--Southern and Central Appalachian Cove Forest
(CES202.373);
Preferred:
Southern Blue Ridge--Southern and Central Appalachian Cove
Forest (CES202
Habitat Notes:
Prefered habitat is moist forests, usually under conifers and
rhododendron (Weakley).
Occurrence Notes:
likely be found in the pitch pine habitats with a northern or
eastern exposure or mesic areas with an established rhododendron
canopy.
C.14 C.14
Helianthus glaucophyllus
White-leaved Sunflower
Global Rank: G3
State Rank: S1
Suitable:
Southern Blue Ridge--Southern Appalachian Northern Hardwood
Forest (CES202.029);
Suitable:
Southern Blue Ridge--Southern Appalachian Oak Forest
(CES202.886)
Habitat Notes:
Prefered habitats are moist forests, woodlands, and woodland edges,
at medium elevations, mostly from 1,000-1,500 m (but sometimes
lower) (Weakley).
Occurrence Notes:
likely be found in the upper elevations along roadsides or in small
openings adjacent to mesic slopes.
Hydrophyllum virginianum
Appalachian Waterleaf
Global Rank: G5
State Rank: S3
Marginal:
(CES202.887);
Marginal:
(CES202.373);
Preferred:
Southern Blue Ridge--Southern Appalachian Northern Hardwood
Forest (CES20
Habitat Notes:
Prefered habitats are cove forests and other moist rocky forests
(Weakley).
Occurrence Notes:
found in mesic north and east trending slopes or in moist riparian
habitats.
Lilium canadense
Canada Lily
Global Rank: G5
State Rank: S3
Suitable:
All Provinces--Southern Appalachian Northern Hardwood Forest
(CES202.029);
Marginal:
All Provinces--Southern Appalachian Oak Forest (CES202.886);
Suitable:
All Provinces--Central Interior Calcareous Cliff and Talus
(CES202.690); Suitable: All P
Habitat Notes:
Prefered habitat is wet meadows (Weakely).
Occurrence Notes:
likely be found in mesic areas within riparian habitats.
Left: Helianthus glaucophyllus - White-leaved
Sunflower
Center: Hydrophyllum virginianum -
Appalachian Waterleaf
(Photo, 2013: Thomas G. Barnes)
Right: Lilium canadense - Canada Lily
C.15 C.15
Left: Meehania cordata - Heartleaf Meehania
(Photo, 2013: B.E. Wofford & A. Floden)
Center: Minuartia godfreyi - Godfreys
Stitchwort
(Photo, 2013: TENN)
Meehania cordata
Heartleaf Meehania
Global Rank: G5
State Rank: S2
Suitable:
(CES202.887);
Suitable:
(CES202.373);
Suitable:
Ridge and Valley--Southern Interior Calcareous Cliff
(CES202.356); Suitabl
Habitat Notes:
Prefered habitat is moist, rocky, forestest slopes (Weakley).
Occurrence Notes:
found in rich mesic habitats likely along north and east trending
slopes.
Minuartia godfreyi
Godfreys Stitchwort
Global Rank: G1
State Rank: S1
Suitable:
Interior Low Plateau--Interior Low Plateau Seepage Fen
(CES202.346);
Marginal:
Interior Low Plateau--South-Central Interior Small Stream and
Riparian (CES202.706);
Marginal:
Southern Blue Ridge--South-Central Interior Small Stream and
Riparian
Habitat Notes:
Preferred habitat is wetlands (Weakley).
Occurrence Notes:
found within a wetland habitat, such as the one document along
the north side of Highway 167, where Trail 1 intersects
Oenothera parviflora
Northern Evening-primrose
Global Rank: G4?
State Rank: S1
Suitable:
All Provinces--Excavated Land (Strip Mine / Road Cut / Rock
Quarry / Gravel Pit) ()
Habitat Notes:
Prefered habitat is fields and disturbed areas (Weakley).
Occurrence Notes:
likely be found along open roadsides and other disturbed areas that
experience long durations of solar radiation.
Right: Oenothera parviflora - Northern
Evening-primrose
(Photo, 2013: Les Mehrhoff / www.discoverlife.org)
C.16 C.16
Panax quinquefolius
American Ginseng
Global Rank: G3G4
State Rank: S3S4
State Protection: Special Concern-Commercially
Exploited
Suitable:
Gulf Coastal Plain--East Gulf Coastal Plain Limestone Forest
(CES203.502);
Marginal:
Gulf Coastal Plain--East Gulf Coastal Plain Northern Loess Bluff
Forest (CES203.481);
Marginal:
Gulf Coastal Plain--East Gulf Coastal Plain Northern Loess Plai
Habitat Notes:
Prefered habitats are cove forests, mesic hardwood forests, generally
in nutrient-rich forests through tending to avoid the richest coves
(Weakley).
Occurrence Notes:
is likely to be found along north and east trending mesic slopes
possessing rich plant communities.
Platanthera orbiculata
Large Round-leaved Orchid
Global Rank: G5
State Rank: S3
Marginal:
Cumberland Plateau and Mountains--Cumberland Seepage Forest
(CES202.361);
Suitable:
Cumberland Plateau and Mountains--Southern and Central
Appalachian Cove Forest (CES202.373);
Suitable:
Ridge and Valley--Southern and Central Appalachian Cove F
Habitat Notes:
Prefered habitat is moist hardwood forests, especially over
amphibolite (Weakley).
Occurrence Notes:
This species is potentially present within the DMRA. If present, it
would likely be located in northwestern portion of DMRA where
there the geology is mapped as shale/siltstone and sandstone/
arkose.This is assumption is based on the underlying geology of
documented populations of this species within 4 miles of DMRA.
Left: Panax quinquefolius - American Ginseng
Center: Platanthera orbiculata - Large Round-
leaved Orchid
Pyrola americana
American Wintergreen
Global Rank: G5
State Rank: S2
Preferred:
Ridge and Valley--Southern Appalachian Oak Forest
(CES202.886);
Preferred:
(CES202.886)
Habitat Notes:
Prefered habitat is within xeric to mesic woodlands and forests
(Weakley).
Occurrence Notes:
likely be associated drier habitats possessing sandy soils.
Right: Pyrola americana - American Wintergreen
(Photo, 2013: William S. Justice @ USDA-NRCS
PLANTS Database)
C.17 C.17
Left: Scrophularia lanceolata - Hare Figwort
(Photo, 2013: Al Schneider @ USDA-NRCS
PLANTS Database)
Center: Sorex cinereus - Cinereus Shrew
(Photo, 2013: Dr. Ed Pivorun)
Scrophularia lanceolata
Hare Figwort
Global Rank: G5
State Rank: SH
Habitat Notes:
Prefered habitat is woodlands and forest (Weakley).
Occurrence Notes:
is noted as such since habitat preferences are rather broad and it has
previously been documented within four miles of DMRA.
Sorex cinereus
Cinereus Shrew
Global Rank: G5
State Rank: S4
State Protection: Deemed in Need of Management
Habitat Notes:
Prefers rich, moist woodlands with plenty of moss, leaf litter, and
rotting logs, but also open fields, floodplains, and marshes (http://
tnwatchablewildlife.org/).
Occurrence Notes:
would likely be found in the more mesic north and east trending
slopes.
Sorex fumeus
Smoky Shrew
Global Rank: G5
State Rank: S4
State Protection: Deemed in Need of Management
Habitat Notes:
Prefer moist hardwood forests with decaying logs, thick leaf litter,
and moss-covered rocks; frequently found in higher elevations
(http://tnwatchablewildlife.org/).
Occurrence Notes:
would likely be found in the more mesic north and east trending
slopes.
Right: Sorex fumeus - Smoky Shrew
(Photo, 2013: Dr. Ed Pivorun)
C.18 C.18
Tsuga caroliniana
Carolina Hemlock
Global Rank: G3
State Rank: S3
Federal Protection: --
Marginal:
Ridge and Valley--Southern Appalachian Oak Forest
(CES202.886);
Suitable:
Ridge and Valley--Southern Appalachian Montane Pine Forest and
Woodland (CES202.331);
(CES202.886)
Habitat Notes:
Prefered habitat is open forests on ridge tops, rocky bluffs, or gorge
walls, generally in drier and rockier sites than Tsuga canadensis, but
the two sometimes growing in close proximity or even intermixed
in humid gorges (Weakley).
Occurrence Notes:
This species is potentially present within the DMRA. It could be
found along some of the drier ridges within the site or along the
edges of more mesic cove forests.
Right: Myotis sodalis - Indiana Bat
(Photo, 2013: USFWS)
Left: Tsuga caroliniana- Carolina Hemlock
(Photo, 2013: John Beck)
Protection / Mitigation Strategies
The planning team shared the completed Biological Assessment with
charrette participants in order to inform them of the diverse and
rich habitat that composes Doe Mountain.The assessment included
a consultation with Tennessee Division of Natural Areas to identify
known rare species records within the planning area of which there
are 69 species listed as threatened. In addition, the team described
and portrayed the location of potential critical habitats on the 8,600
acre tract on maps and GIS data. Furthermore, the team compiled a
list of each species that might be associated with the critical habitat
areas identified during the habitat analysis phase of the project.
There are 571 rare plant species that are tracked by the State of
Tennessee including 255 that are listed as state endangered species.
Plants listed in Tennessee are protected by the Rare Plant Protection
and Conservation Act of 1985. Of these, 25 are or may be found on
Doe Mountain.
The biological assessment recommendations consist of buffering the
perennial/intermittent reaches of the streams on Doe Mountain.The
recommendations identified a cut off point between intermittent /
perennial with interpolation based on several drainage observations
made during team site visits.
Field observations confirmed mapped conditions that streams did
not flow above certain elevations. The identified elevation is what
was used to determine the cut-off point for buffering the perennial/
intermittent streams. Biological assessment recommendations
confirmed that sections designated as perennial/intermittent should
be used as a guide when determining where to site certain features
or adventure tourism activities.The designated areas for buffering of
recreational activities are that the intermittent reaches are more likely
to have associated wetlands or rich vegetation assemblages that may
support rare species. There were no hydric soils mapped within the
site with wetland identification based on field observations.There is
the possibility of additional areas to be documented as further on site
information is gathered when environmental reviews are completed
prior to undertaking construction activities.The assessment evaluates
slope aspect that trends to the north and east where more mesic and
therefore more diverse habitats and richer species assemblages exist.
There were no specific reasons that these areas should be avoided but
the development of sustainable design standards for each adventure
tourism activity should be crafted.These standards should minimize
impacts in more steep areas possessing the slope aspects shown in the
report.
Myotis sodalis
Indiana bat
Global Rank: G2
State Rank: S1
Federal Protection: Endangered
Habitat Notes:
Suitable winter habitat (hibernacula) is restricted to underground
caves and cave-like structures (e.g. abandoned mines and railroad
tunnels). For regulatory purposes, the hibernation period is generally
considered to extend from November 15th until April 1st and during
this time all habitats aside from the winter habitat are assumed to be
unoccupied. Suitable summer habitat for use by Indiana bats includes
trees, snags, or similar structures that posses characteristics such as
cracks, crevices, and/or loose or exfoliating bark and are greater than
5 inches DBH. Tree species utilized by Indiana bats vary widely, as
any tree species having the referenced characteristics or structure can
provide protection and suitable habitat for the species.
Occurrence Notes:
This species is potentially present within the DMRA during early
spring until late fall. While no winter hibernacula are documented
as occuring within the site, some forested areas may provide
suitable summer habitat.
Management Plan
D
Advent ur e Tour i s m Ma r ket Ana l ys i s
Sect i on
D.2 D.2
Adve nt ur e Tour i s m Mar ke t Anal ys i s
Adventure Tourism Market Analysis
Introduction
Introduction
D.3 D.3
Precedent Study #1 Precedent Study #2 Precedent Study #3
Primary OHV Site Primary Mountain Biking Site Primary Equestrian Site
Name:
Location:
Open Since:
Size (acres):
Uses Supported:
Miles of Trail:
User Fees:
# of Employees:
General Description:
Pros:
Cons:
Name:
Location:
Open Since:
Size (acres):
Uses Supported:
Miles of Trail:
User Fees:
# of Employees:
Pros:
Cons:
Name:
Location:
Open Since:
Size (acres):
Uses Supported:
Miles of Trail:
User Fees:
# of Employees:
Pros:
Cons:
Precedent Studies
Left: Precedent Study #1
(Photo, Year: Author)
<website>
Bottom Left: Precedent Study #2
<website>
<website>
D.4 D.4
Precedent Study #4
Name:
Location:
Open Since:
Size (acres):
Uses Supported:
Miles of Trail:
User Fees:
# of Employees:
Pros:
Cons:
Combined Uses
Summary of Precedents
Precedent Studies
<website>
D.5 D.5
Population Summary - Johnson County, TN
Population Summary - Mountain City, TN
Social & Demographics Analysis
Total Population: 18,019
Households: 7,290
Housing Units: 8,552
66.1% of residents work in the county and state of
residence.
Leading Occupations:
Production - 15.1%
Administrative/Ofce Support - 12.1%
Construction/Extraction - 11.1%
Leading Industries:
Manufacturing - 20.5%
Construction - 15.1%
Retail Trade - 11.8%
Household Economics:
Average Income $37,905
Median Income $29,771

24.3% of income below the poverty level in 12 month
period.
Households: 1,243
78.3% of residents work in the county and state of
residence.
Leading Industries:

period.
Image: 2012 Population Density Map
(Map, 2013: The Shopping Center Group)
D.6 D.6
Population Summary - 10-Mile Radius
Households: 7,055
Production - 13.9%
Leading Industries:
Health Care / Social Assistance - 11.8%
Median Income N/A

period.
Households: 3,727
Production - 15.0%
Leading Industries:

period.
Image: 2012 Population Density Map -
50-Mile Radius
D.7 D.7
Households: 46,415
Sales and Related - 12.1%
Production - 9.6%
Leading Industries:
Retail / Trade - 14.5%
Educational Services - 12.0%

period.
Households: 130,593
Production - 10.3%
Leading Industries:

period.
Image: 5-Year Population Growth Map
D.8 D.8
Households: 364,396
Production - 10.7%
Leading Industries:
Average Income N/A
Median Income N/A

Projected Growth:
Forecasted Annual Growth (2017-2022) shows less
than a 1% increase in the 50-mile radius
Within a 5-mile radius of Mountain City, growth is
projected to decline.
Image: 5-Year Population Growth Map -
50-Mile Radius
D.9 D.9
Housing Profile - Johnson County, TN
Housing Profile - 5-Mile Radius
Housing Profile - Mountain City, TN
Housing Occupancy: 80.3% occupied
Home Values:
Average Value: $115,599
Median Value: $91,969
Home Values:
Home Values:
Home Values:
Home Values:
Home Values:
Home Values:
Image: 2012 Median Household Income Map
D.10 D.10
Economic Profile - Mountain City, TN
Economic Profile - Mountain City, TN
Labor Force:
Total Labor Force (16+): 3,440 (51.6%)
Total Businesses:
Businesses: 159
Employees: 1,860 (11.7:1)
Industry Employment:
Educational Services 20.2%
Manufacturing 16.7%
Agricultural/Mining/Construction 15.3%
Occupation Employment:
White Collar 45.8%
Blue Collar 54.2%
Occupations:
Production / Transportation 20.8%
Professional Specialty 18.2%
Construction 16.5%
Labor Force:
Total Labor Force (16+): 3,440 (51.6%)
Total Businesses:
Businesses: 159
Employees: 1,860 (11.7:1)
Manufacturing 16.7%
Agricultural/Mining/Construction 15.3%
White Collar 45.8%
Blue Collar 54.2%
Occupations:
Construction 16.5%
Image: 2012 Median Household Income Map -
50-Mile Radius
D.11 D.11
Economic Profile - 10-Mile Radius
Labor Force:
Total Labor Force (16+): 15,514
Total Businesses:
Businesses: 257
Employees: 2,760 (10.7:1)
Manufacturing 18.8%
Wholesale Retail 12.9%
White Collar 47.5%
Blue Collar 52.5%
Occupations:
Construction 15.5%
Labor Force:
Total Businesses:
Businesses: 2,566
Employees: 33,796 (13.2:1)
Manufacturing 13.1%
White Collar 57.3%
Blue Collar 42.7%
Occupations:
Ofce Administration / Sales 12.6%
Image: Total Number of Employees Map
D.12 D.12
Labor Force:
Total Businesses:
Businesses: 7,626
Employees: 109,534 (14.4:1)
Manufacturing 13.7%
White Collar 57.4%
Blue Collar 42.6%
Occupations:
Ofce Administration 13.3%
Image: Total Number of Employees Map -
50-Mile Radius
D.13 D.13
User Economics Analysis
Discussion of Need for User & Economic Survey Methodology for Survey Use Comparison to Other User Surveys
Description
User Groups Selected
Distribution of Survey Methodology
Pi kevi l l e, Tennessee Nashvi l l e, Tennessee Tuscumbi a, Al abama
F a r m e r
Planning Design Construction
Creat or s of Memor abl e Pl aces
Mo r g a n
A dv e n t u r e To u r i s m
Us e r E c o n o m i c s S u rv e y Re p o r t
Image: Adventure Tourism User Economics
Survey Report
(Document, 2013: Farmer | Morgan)
D.14 D.14
*Calculations were made by taking the range of dollar amounts for each user group and assigning a dollar amount value to each range, i.e. Under
$50=$50,$50-$99=$100, $100-$149=$150, $150-$199=$200, $200-$299=$300, $300-$399=$400, $400-$499=$500, $500-$749=$750, $750-
$999=$1000, and over $1000=$1500. These dollar amounts were then totalled and averaged to determine the Average Trip Expenditure per User
Group.
$-
$100.00
$200.00
$300.00
$400.00
$500.00
$600.00
$700.00
$800.00
Trip Expenditure*
How much do you usually spend on a typical
trip? (Including lodging, food, gas, etc.)?
Image: Average Trip Expenditures
(Chart, 2014: Will Hargrove)
D.15 D.15
*Based on average number of days per user group.
0
1
2
3
4
Days Spent Per Trip*
How many days do you typically stay away
from home when traveling to participate in
your activity?
Image: Average Days Spent per Trip
D.16 D.16
*Calculated based on hour drive times associated with hour drive time ranges, i.e. 0-1 hours=0,1-2 hours=1, 2-3 hours=2, 5-7 hours=5, 7 or
more hours=7. These were then averaged for each user group to determine Maximum Hours of Drive Time per User Group.
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
Max. Drive Time in Hours*
Image: Average Maximum Drive Time in Hours
What are the maximum hours you are willing
to drive to participate in your activity?
D.17 D.17
*Based on assignment of Group Size Number to group size range, i.e. 1-2 people=1, 2-3 people=2, 3-5 people=3, 5-10 people=5, and 10 or more=10. These were
then averaged to fnd the Average Group Size per User Group.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Average Group Size*
Image: Average User Group Size
How many people are typically in your
outdoor recreation group, including yourself?
D.18 D.18
*Based on assigning Dollar Value to Dollar Range, i.e. None=$0, $0-$5=$5, $5-$10=$10, $10-$15=$15, $15-$20=$20, $20-$25=$25, Over $25=$30, and Over
$50=$50. These values were then averaged to determine the Average User Fee per User Group.
$-
$5.00
$10.00
$15.00
$20.00
$25.00
$30.00
Average User Fee*
Image: Average User Fees
When visiting an outdoor recreation site, how
much do you typically pay for a daily fee per
person?
D.19 D.19
In addition to your primary recreation
activity, what secondary forms of recreation
have you or would you participate in while
visiting or traveling to a recreation area?
D.20 D.20
What other amenities would you like
to see at the Doe Mountain Recreation
Destination?
D.21 D.21
Adventure Tourism Activities
Canoeing is a paddle sport in which you kneel or sit facing forward
in an open-decked canoe, and propel yourself with a single-bladed
paddle under your own power.
Average Daily Usage 1-3 Hours
Total Number of Trail Miles Needed 12 Miles
Average Users per Group 1-5 People
Estimated Users per Mile 4 People
Estimated Users Capacity 48 People
Amenities Required to Function:
Navigable Water
Canoe
Safety Equipment
Amenities Desired by Users:
RV Hookups
Restroom Facilities
Shower Facilities
Trailer Parking Area
Tent Camping Area
Canoeing Caving
Spelunking is the recreational sport of exploring noncommercial
cave systems.
Easy Access to Cave Openings
Restroom Facilities
Tent Camping Area
Shower Facilities
Rental Cabins
Grocery
Equestrian
Equestrian Riding refers to the skill of riding, driving, steeple chas-
ing, and or vaulting of horses.
Number of Miles Needed 45 Miles
Total Area Needed
in sq. miles 1.75 Square Miles
in acres 1125 Acres
Estimated Users per Mile 12 Users
Adequate trails
Water access for the horses
Stalls for the horses
Horse Trailer Parking
Restroom Facilities
Hitching Posts
Shade Trees
Images: Adventure Tourism Activities
(Ink, 2013: Ben Johnson)
D.22 D.22
Hang Gliding Hiking / Nature Watching
Hang-gliding is an air sport in which a pilot flies a non-motorized
aircraft by foot.
Number of Miles Needed ~1.5 Miles/1,000el.
Total Area Needed
Launch Area 0.5 Acres
Landing Area 10-20 Acres
Estimated Users Capacity 10-15/Launch Site
Both launch and landing areas free from obstructions
Easy access to launch and landing areas
Tent Camping
Restroom Facilities
Picnic Areas
Shower Facilities
Grocery
Easy access back up to launch sites
Kayaking
Kayaking is a paddle sport very similar to canoeing except the
paddler uses a double-bladed paddle to propel forward.
Average Users per Group 10+ People
Navigable Water
Kayak
Safety Equipment
RV Hookups
Restroom Facilities
Shower Facilities
Tent Camping Area
An outdoor activity which consists of walk in natural
environments, often in mountainous or other scenic terrain.
Total Area Needed
in acres 750 Acres
Average Users per Group 2-5 people
Scenic Trails
Trail Maps
Restroom Facilities
Travel Level Signs
Mile Markers
Shade Trees
Trailhead
D.23 D.23
Motorized Trail Riding (OHV)
Motorized Trail Riding is defined as the exploration of trails and
natural areas by use of all terrain and off highway vehicles. Activities
associated with Motorized Trail Riding includes rock crawl, Jeep
exploration, the use of side by side utility vehicles, closed course
motocross, and the use of trail motorcycles for recreational trail
riding.
Total Number of Miles Needed 75 Miles
Total Area Needed
in acres 1875 Acres
Estimated Users per Mile 6 Users/Vehicles
Estimated Users Capacity 450 Users/Vehicles
Multiple trails with varying degrees of difficulty
Fuel
Restroom Facilities
Rock Crawl Area
OHV Trailer Parking
Shower Facilities
Tent Camping Area
Mountain Biking
Mountain biking is the sport of riding specially designed mountain
bikes off-road, often over rough terrain.
Total Number of Miles Needed 60 Miles
Total Area Needed
in acres 1500 Acres
Multiple trails with varying degrees of difficulty
Restroom Facilities
Tent Camping
Trail Signs
Water Fountains
Shade Trees
Paragliding
Paragliding is the recreational and adventure sport where the pilot
flies a light or non-motorized aircraft that uses a parachute to stay
airborne.
Average Daily Usage 5+ Hours
Number of Miles Needed ~1.5 mi./1,000 el.
Total Area Needed
Launch Area 0.5 Acres
Landing Area 10-20 Acres
Estimated Users Capacity 10-15/Launch
Both launch and landing areas free from obstructions
Easy access to launch and landing areas
Tent Camping
Restroom Facilities
Picnic Areas
Shower Facilities
Grocery
Easy access back up to launch sites
D.24 D.24
Rappelling
Rappelling is the controlled descent down a rope by climbers used
to explore cliffs or slopes that are too steep to descend without
protection. Different types include Classic Rappel, Simuli Rappel,
Tandem Rappel, and Australian Rappel.
Elevation Change Needed 90 Feet
Estimated Users Capacity 8-12 People/Site
Cliff Face
Safety Equipment
Picnic Areas
Tent Camping Area
Restroom Facilities
Welcome Center
Restaurants
Road Biking
Both non-competitive and competitive bicycling events that take
place on improved roads.
Estimated Users per Mile 10 Users/Lane
Estimated Users Capacity 900 Users
Roads
Trail Maps
Restroom Facilities
Water Fountains
Trailhead
Shower Facilities
Rock Climbing
Rock Climbing is the recreational sport of climbing up or across
natural rock formations.
Estimated Users Capacity 8-12 People/Site
Sheer Rock Formations
Safety Equipment
Tent Camping Area
Restroom Facilities
Easily Accessible Sites
Picnic Areas
Grocery Store
D.25 D.25
Shooting Sports include the the recreational sport of firing
handguns, rifles, and/or shotguns at moving or fixed targets.
Hunting also falls un the umbrella of "Shooting Sports."
Total Area Needed
in acres 150 Acres
Total Area Needed by Use
Trap / Skeet 58 Acres
Sporting Clays 35 Acres
Target Shooting 1 Acre
Benchrest Shooting 4 Acres
Rapid Fire Pistol 1 Acre
Plinking 1 Acre
Estimated Users Capacity 30 Users TOTAL
Isolated Areas for Ranges
Restroom Facilities
Shower Facilities
Picnic Area
Tent Camping Area
Water Fountain
Shooting Sports Triathlon
The Triathlon is the recreational activity of sporting contests
involving open waters swimming, bicycle riding, and running,
whether on trails or improved roads.
Average Daily Usage 5+ Hours
Number of Miles Needed (Swim+Bike+Run=Total)
-Sprint 0.465+12.5+3.1 = 16.065
-Intermediate/Standard/Olympic 0.93+25+6.2 = 32.13
-Long Course/Half-Ironman 1.2+56+13.2 = 70.4
-Ultra Distance/Ironman 2.4+112+26.2 = 140.6
-XTERRA REAL (Mtn. Bike) 0.5+16+3.5 = 20
Average Users per Group 10+ People
Estimated Users Capacity 30+ People per Event
Roads
Trails
Body of Water
Cabins
Shower Facilities
Campgrounds
Grocery
Whitewater Rafting
White water rafting or rafting is a challenging water activity that
involves navigating an inflatable raft down a river with varying
degrees of rough water.
Whitewater Rapids
Inflatable Raft
Safety Equipment
RV Hookups
Restroom Facilities
Shower Facilities
Tent Camping Area
D.26 D.26
Ziplining
Zip Lining involves the exploration of natural areas by use of
above-ground cable systems.
Total Area Needed 25-50 Acres
Estimated Users per Mile 5 Users
Estimated Users Capacity 10 Users
Trees or Tall Posts
Sloped Areas
Restroom Facilities
Rental Cabins
Secure Parking
Picnic Areas
Tent Camping
Image: Adventure Tourism Activities
D.27 D.27
Market Competitiveness
How is the Doe Mountain Recreation Area
to differentiate itself in the market?
Discussion of regional and local competition
from various user groups.
Number of Adventure Tourism Activities that Doe
Mountain accomodates.
Intensity of those activities.
Uniqueness of experience had at Doe Mountain.
Doe Mountain is unique and has the opportunity to
draw from other parks in the region.
If Doe Mountain were to be just a single user park, then
the project is going to be difficult to succeed against local
and regional competition for the following reasons:
Management Plan
E
The Cha r r et t e
Sect i on
E.2
The Char r e t t e
The Charrette
Image bottom: Barn Raising
(Photograph, 1900: Alexander W. Galbraith)
What is a Charrette?
A charrette is an intensive planning session where citizens, designers
and others collaborate on a unified vision. The term Charrette is
the french word for little cart. The Charrette collected final work
from students in the cole des Beaux-Arts school in Paris, France.
Unwilling to stop their work, students would jump on the cart to
put final touches on their final designs.
A barn raising, also historically called a raising bee describes a
collective action of a community, in which a barn for one of the
members is built or rebuilt collectively by members of the community.
Raising bees, quilting bees, and even spelling bees, were intentional
acts of community building.The Charrette is also an intentional act
of community building. By embracing community participation as
a means of creating a unified vision, the Charrette synthesizes many
potentially differing opinions into a collective vision that can be
leveraged to benefit Doe Mountain as a whole.
All parties develop a vested interest in the project through hands-on
involvement in the creation of a shared vision for the Doe Mountain
Recreation Area.This intense process allows for the efficient exchange
of ideas between the community and the planning/ design team.
Additionally, the collaborative process and compressed time frame
eliminates the typical delays of conventional planning strategies.
Real time feedback garnered during the charrette process gives a
sense of authorship to those who participate, resulting in a better end
product. Trust is created among the community, its leaders, and the
charrette team, as result of the charrette being open to the public.
Image: Charrette team members and
participants look on as maps from the
community visioning session are presented.
(Photo, 2013: Will Hargrove)
E.3
The Char r e t t e
The Charrette
Design Charrette
Please join us for a visioning session to create a master
plan to make Doe Mountain a Premiere Adventure
Tourism Destination!
Doe Mountain
Visioning Workshop:
Monday 11.04.2013 (6:00pm- 8:00pm)
Opening Presentation & Visioning Session
Initial Concept Review:
Tuesday 11.05.2013 (6:00pm- 7:30pm)
Public Pin-up & Review
Closing Presentation:
Friday 11.08.2013 (11:30am- 1:00pm)
Presentation of Findings
Location:
125 W. Main Streeet
Mountain City,TN 37683
Contact:
DMRA Chairman
Mayor Larry Potter
(p) 423.727.3100
(e) johnsoncountymayor@embargmail.com
Doe Mountain
Design Charrette
Community Design Charrette
Monday 1142013 - Friday 1182013
. . . a charrette is an intensive planning &
design session where community members,
designers, and civic leaders come together
tocreateacollectivevisionfor DoeMountain.
It provides a forumfor the exchange of ideas
and offers the unique advantage of providing
meaningful feedback to the design team.
More importantly, it allows everyone who
participates to take ownership in the master
planning process!

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m
Image left: Front of promotional postcard that
was passed out in the region to market the
charrette.
(Postcard, 2013: Randy Morgan)
Image right: Back of promotional postcard
that was passed out in the region to market the
charrette.
(Postcard, 2013: Randy Morgan)
Public Visioning Session
(Monday, November 4, 2013)
Public comment and developing of a vision for Doe Mountain
began with the opening presentation and the citizens and
stakeholders that participated on the evening of November 4, 2013.
The opening presentation discussed the DMRA Mission Statement,
Doe Mountain Enabling Legislation, and definitions of Adventure
Tourism as well as sustainable practices for recreational development
of adventure tourism activities. In addition, the demographic analysis,
user & economic survey, biological conditions, soils and geology as
well as the history of the region were reviewed.
Citizens were asked to participate in a visual preference survey as
they signed into the meeting. The visual preference survey had the
following categories:
1. Methods of Connectivity
2. Adventure Tourism Activities
3. Methods of Dwelling
4. Structures & Gathering Places
Each category contained images relating to the title and representing
the activity, method of transport or structure in relation to how to
access, recreate and occupy Doe Mountain. The visual preference
survey is a renowned method of receiving input from stakeholders
in a way that is easy, non- confrontational and allows participants to
learn while sharing their knowledge with planning team members.
This survey directly influenced the conceptual designs explored over
the remainder of the charrette week.
Concept Review
(Tuesday, November 5, 2013)
After the comments from the visioning session were reviewed by
planning team members a draft set of Goals and vision for Doe
Mountain were compiled based on the citizen comments and
documentation on the vision map.An initial concept / development
scenario for Doe Mountain was reviewed on Tuesday evening. The
concept was based on a 3 day experience for each of the 16 adventure
tourism user groups with a set standard of miles / acreage / linear
feet needed per day needed to undertake the activity. The DMMP
requires a collection of planning level decisions with mapping of
recreational uses by zone. In order to do this the standard is 25 acres
on average per linear mile of trail with a trail corridor of 200 linear
feet in width to provide a dense trail system while preserving as
much of the pristine nature of the mountain as possible. Comments
were received on the initial concept / development scenario with all
other scenarios being based on the aforementioned standards.
Plan Development through Closing Presentation
(Wednesday, November 6-Friday, November 8,
2013)
Over 100 participants came to 125 W. Main Street to learn, share
their ideas and be a part of crafting a vision and future for Doe
Mountain. In addition, representatives of the 9 public services
and infrastructure entities completed individual interviews with
planning team members to share their vision and the opportunities
and constraints of existing and future infrastructure.These interviews
range from EMA, Police, Fire and Water and Sewer services. The
planning team has completed Adventure Tourism Sustainable Design
Standards for all Doe Mountain Adventure Tourism Activities. It has
become evident to the planning team that this information does not
exist in regards to a centralized adventure tourism destination and
a facility combining the level of adventure tourism activities as is
proposed for Doe Mountain. Providing opportunities for user groups
to participate in multiple (3 or more) adventure tourism activities is
unique to Doe Mountain.This model of adventure tourism has the
opportunity to make Doe Mountain a leader and offers a unique
opportunity for economic viability over the long term. The Doe
Mountain Adventure Tourism standards include the average daily
usage or hours completing the activity by a recreational user, the
number of miles / linear feet / acreage required to undertake each
activity, as well as the average users per group and estimated user
capacity for the identified miles / linear feet / acreage. Four concepts
were planned and refined for phasing development of adventure
tourism on Doe Mountain. Each scenario is based on varying
premises of access and land management with all scenarios allowing
each of the proposed adventure tourism activities to occur with a
three-day experience for that specific activity. Each scenario contains
perspective renderings, detailed trail section standards and main
corridor standard as well as varying campground opportunities based
around access to Doe Mountain.A fifth scenario takes no action and
proposes an economic impact through habitat preservation, forestry
management and carbon banking. It should be noted that habitat
preservation, habitat conservation, forestry management and Carbon
Banking will be proposed in all scenarios as a means of capitalizing
on all available resources the mountain has to offer.
E.4
The Char r e t t e
The Charrette
Image left: Adventure Tourism Coloring Contest
Entries by Johnson County Schools students
K-5th Grade
Image bottom left: Auburn University Com-
munity Planning intern Katherine Martin walks
through the sign-in process with a charrette
participant.
(Photo, 2013: Rodney Benton)
Image bottom middle: Charrette participants
complete the visual preference survey on the open-
ing night of the charrette.
(Photo, 2013: Rodney Benton)
Image right: Team members lead charrette
participants through the Visioning Session on the
opening night of the charrette.
Image bottom right: Auburn University Land-
scape Architecture intern Matt Blansit walks
through the Visioning Maps with DMRA Chair-
man, Mayor Larry Potter and other charrette
participants.
E.5
The Char r e t t e
The Charrette
Image bottom left: Charrette participants
look on during the opening presentation of the
charrette.(Photo, 2013: Will Hargrove)
Image left: Thoughts and ideas generated by
Charrette participants were recorded on a base
map. (Concept Diagram, 2013:Katherine Martin)
Image bottom right: Farmer|Morgan, L.L.C.
Managing Partner, Ben Farmer, explains the
16 adventure tourism activities to charrette
participants. (Photo, 2013: Rodney Benton)
Image right: Auburn University Landscape
Architecture intern Rodney Benton displays the
Visioning Maps completed on the first night of
the charrette. (Photo, 2013: Dan Reese)
E.6
The Char r e t t e
The Charrette
Visioning Process
Images: Visioning Maps completed by team
members and charrette participants on the opening
night of the charrette.
(Maps, 2013: Design Team)
The Vision Mapping consisted of breaking the charrette participants
into groups with a vision map, which showed the Doe Mountain
Recreation Area and its surrounding environs. A series of questions
to be answered by the breakout groups were listed on the right side
of the map. Those questions are listed below and have been used to
develop the Goals and Objectives and Concept Plans for the Doe
Mountain Management Plan. The questions were answered in text
and graphically on the map. After a short period the maps were
pinned up on the wall and reviewed collectively by DMRA Board
Members, citizens and stakeholders.
Decide the strength, weaknesses, and needs of Doe Mountain?
What are the things you like the most about Doe Mountain?
What are the things you like the least about Doe Mountain?
What types of businesses and services do you see helping
transform Doe Mountain?
Determine the location and character of new development on Doe Mountain?
What qualities are important to you for future development?
What is the best real world example that reflects the type of
place you want Doe Mountain to be in the future?
What amenities would you like to see as the Doe Mountain
Recreation Destination?
What is the most important area where new development should
be encouraged?
How do the overall groups comments affect or change your individual initial
vision?
General comments from DMRA Board,citizens and stakeholders
E.7
The Char r e t t e
The Charrette
Opportunities & Constraints
Opportunities
Constraints
Image: Local Opportunities & Constraints Map
consolidated from the Visioning Session Maps.
(Concept Diagram, 2013: Katherine Martin)
E.8
The Char r e t t e
The Charrette
Top Left: Side-By-Side ATV
(Photo, 2012: ATV Illustrated)
<http://atvillustrated.com/files/location.2012.
ride-royal-blue.tennessee.yellow.side-x-side.riding.
on-trail.jpg>
Top Right: Ziplining
(Photo, 2008: Wikimedia User: Costaricapro)
<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zip_
Line_Canopy_Tour_Costa_Rica.jpg>
Middle Left: Utility ATV
(Photo, 2011: John Arens)
<http://atvillustrated.com/files/images/2011.
polaris.sportsman550xp.green_.front_.riding.over-
rocks.jpg>
Bottom Left: Equestrian Trail Riding
(Photo, 2012: Horse Nation)
<http://www.horsenation.com/wp-content/up-
loads/2012/11/Ebnit06061.jpg>
Bottom Center: Backpacking
(Photo, 2013: Ian Nicholson)
<http://assets.outdoorgearlab.com/pho-
tos/10/69/228413_10987_XL.jpg>
Bottom Right: Hunting with Compound Bow
(Photo, 2012: Bow & Arrow Hunting)
<http://www.bowandarrowhunting.com/wp-
content/uploads/2012/11/BAH-1211-CAMO-
PIX-01.jpg>
Middle Center: Mountain Bike Trail Riding
(Photo, 2013: Xtreme Spots)
<http://www.xtremespots.com/wp-content/
uploads/2013/05/Mountain-Biking-at-Kathryn-
Abbey-Hanna-Park2.jpg>
Middle Center: Hunting with Rifle
(Photo, 2013: Kifaru Arms)
<http://www.kifaruarms.com/wp-content/up-
loads/2013/01/DSC05480.jpg>
Top Center: Hiking
(Photo, 2009: Wikimedia User: Elie Plus)
<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
File:Trekking_in_the_Lebanon_Mountains.jpg>
1
2
3
4
5
5
6
7
7
E.9
The Char r e t t e
The Charrette
1. OHV Side by Side Utility Vehicle (45)
2. OHV Utility All Terrain Vehicle (43)
3. Equestrian Trail Riding / Pleasure Riding (39)
4. Hiking Hiking (34)
5. Mountain Biking Trail Riding (31)
Hiking Backpacking (31)
6. Ziplining (22)
7. Shooting Sports Hunting with Rife (21)
Shooting Sports Hunting with Compound Bow (21)
8. Hiking Bird Watching (20)
9. Mountain Biking Downhill (17)
10. Shooting Sports Hunting with Crossbow (15)
11. OHV Jeep (14)
Road Biking Touring Cycling (14)
Shooting Sports Hunting with Shotgun (14)
12. Mountain Biking Dirt Jumping (13)
Road Biking Utility Cycling (13)
Equestrian Endurance Riding (13)
13. OHV Rock Crawl (12)
14. Kayaking Lake Kayaking (11)
Shooting Sports Clay Pigeon Sporting Clay (11)
15. Paragliding (10)
Hang Gliding (10)
16. Shooting Sports Clay Pigeon Trap (8)
Shooting Sports Clay Pigeon Skeet (8)
Shooting Sports Pistol Plinking (8)
17. Canoeing Lake Canoeing (7)
OHV Motorcycle Trail Riding (7)
Mountain Biking Cross Country (7)
Shooting Sports Rife Plinking (7)
18. Whitewater Rafting (6)
OHV Closed Course Motocross (6)
Mountain Biking All Mountain (6)
Rappelling Tandem Rappel (6)
Rock Climbing Top Rope Climbing (6)
19. Road Biking Racing Cycling (3)
Rock Climbing Bouldering (3)
Shooting Sports Rapid Fire Pistol Event (3)
20. Mountain Biking Freeride (2)
Rock Climbing Bottom Rope Climbing (2)
Shooting Sports 10 meter Target Shooting (2)
Triathlon (2)
Equestrian Fox Chasing (2)
Equestrian Horse Racing (2)
21. Rappelling Simul Rappel (1)
Rock Climbing Deep Water Soloing (1)
Rock Climbing Lead Climbing (1)
Shooting Sports Bench Rest Shooting (1)
Caving (1)
Equestrian Cutting Horse (1)
Equestrian Team Roping (1)
22. The following activities had no responses:
Canoeing Whitewater Canoeing
Kayaking Whitewater Kayaking
Mountain Biking Slopestyle
Rappelling Australian Rappel
Rappelling Classic Rappel
Road Biking Recumbent Cycling
Rock Climbing Aid Climbing
Rock Climbing Free Climbing
Rock Climbing Free Soloing
Rock Climbing Roped Soloing
Rock Climbing Multi-Pitch Climbing
Rock Climbing Sport Climbing
Rock Climbing Traditional Climbing
Equestrian Eventing
Equestrian Bull Riding
(in order of most responses to least)
Top: Bird Watching
(Photo, 2008: Daniel Schwen)
<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
commons/9/9c/Birdwatching.jpg>
Middle: Downhill Mountain Biking
(Photo, 2008: Paul Jerry)
<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com-
mons/1/17/Mountain_bike_in_downhill_race.
jpg>
Bottom: Hunting with Crossbow
(Photo, 2013: Dave Kenyon)
<http://howardmeyerson.files.wordpress.
com/2013/03/dsk282-23_hi-res.jpg>
8
9
10
E.10
The Char r e t t e
The Charrette
Top Left: Gravel Access Road
(Photo, 2011: James L. Parr)
<http://dedhamtales.files.wordpress.
com/2011/03/town-forest-access-rd.jpg>
Middle Left: Hiking Path
(Photo, 2012: Kay Harms)
<http://www.offthebeatenpathministries.
com/2012_02_01_archive.html>
Bottom Left: ATV Gravel Trail
(Photo, 2012: Kay Harms)
<http://www.offthebeatenpathministries.
com/2012_02_01_archive.html>
Top Right: Aerial Tramway
(Photo, 2011: Cannon Mountain)
<http://www.cannonmt.com/images/
press/1305828776_Keeler-tram6-17-09__207.
jpg>
Middle Right: Single Lane Paved Road
(Photo, 2006: Wikimedia User: Wojsyl)
mons/4/49/Scotland_Kinlochewe_SingleTrack-
Road.jpg>
Bottom Right: Two Lane Paved Road
(Photo, 2006: Stromtrooper User: Bahill)
<http://i230.photobucket.com/albums/ee148/
bahill253/IMG_2932.jpg>
Top Center: Pack Mules
(Photo, 2011: USDA Forest Service)
<http://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_MEDIA/
stelprdb5317691.jpg>
Middle Center: Hard Surface Trail
(Photo, 2011: Howard County, Maryland)
<http://www.howardcountymd.gov/uploadedIm-
ages/Home/Programs_and_Campaigns/Recre-
ation_and_Parks/100_9671.JPG?n=5366>
Bottom Center: Chair Lift
(Photo, 2007: Wikipedia User: Ipigott)
<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
en/4/4c/Vianden-chairlift.jpg>
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E.11
The Char r e t t e
The Charrette
Methods of Connectivity
1. Automobile Vehicle Route - Gravel Access Road (107)
2. Hiking Path - Multi-User Compacted Aggregate (104)
3. Motorized Recreational User Trail - Compacted Aggregate (73)
4. Pack Mule / Pack Horse (63)
5. Hard Surface Pedestrian / Bike Path (10 wide asphalt) (27)
6. Chair Lift / Ski Lift (22)
7. Aerial Tramway (16)
8. Automobile Vehicle Route - Single Lane Paved Road (14)
9. Automobile Vehicle Route - Two Lane Paved Road (9)
10. Helicopter (8)
11. Shuttle Bus on Paved Asphalt Surface (4)
Top: Helicopter
(Photo, 2003: Andy Beardsley)
<http://andybeardsley.com/Pictures/NZ2/Heli-
copter.jpg>
Middle: Shuttle Bus
(Photo, 2012: Adam Kliczek)
mons/4/43/Grand_Canyon_National_Park%2C_
Kaibab_Rim_Route_shuttle_bus.jpg>
11
10
E.12
The Char r e t t e
The Charrette
Methods of Dwelling
1. RV Camping with Hookups (110)
2. Tent Camping with Amenities (91)
3. Primitive Camping (77)
4. Cabins (75)
5. Lodge (59)
6. Yurt Village (58)
7. Hotel (15)
Top Left: Recreational Vehicle (RV) Camping
(Photo, 2011: Whispering Pines Campsites & RV
Park)
<https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/-9C6iTzG_
HaA/TqyL3VGqOiI/AAAAAAAAAB8/kBRQS-
JqqxkM/s1600/Seasonals+site+85.jpg>
Middle Left: Tent Camping with Amenities
(Photo, 2012: J. Fugett)
<http://ecotrakker.com/birding/wp-content/
uploads/2012/07/Sitka-Campsite-004a-1024x608.
jpg>
Bottom Left: Primitive Camping
(Photo, 2013: Primitive Camping)
<http://primitivecamping.org/sites/default/files/
images/Camping%20on%20Ground%20Site.jpg>
Top Right: Hotel
(Photo, 2013: Conde Nast Traveler)
<http://www.cntraveler.com/hotels/north-america/
canada/westin-bear-mountain-golf-resort-spa-vancou-
ver-island-vancouver-island-british-columbia/_jcr_con-
tent/par/cn_contentwell/par-main/cn_colctrl/par-col1/
cn_features_containe/cn_manual_feature_0/cn_im-
age_0.size.westin-bear-mountain-golf-resort-spa-van-
couver-island-vancouver-island-canada-101504-1.jpg>
Top Center: Cabins
(Photo, 2011: Twin Hollow Campground & Cabins)
<http://www.twinhollowcampground.com/im-
ages/Twin_Hollow_Pics_for_shirts_etc._009.jpg>
Middle Center: Lodge
(Photo, 2013: Elkhorn Property Management)
<http://elkhorncabins.com/wordpress/wp-con-
tent/uploads/2011/02/picture-011.jpg>
Bottom Center: Yurt Village
(Photo, 2013: Trip Advisor)
<http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-
s/05/18/60/ab/saba-s-glen-yurt.jpg>
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
E.13
The Char r e t t e
The Charrette
Structures & Gathering Places
1. Bathrooms (145)
2. Camp Store / Outfitters (101)
3. Pavilions (92)
4. Central Trail Head (79)
5. Central Lodges (61)
6. Parking Area (49)
1
2
3
4
5
6
Management Plan
F
Goa l s & Obj ect i ves
Sect i on
F.2
Goal s & Obj e c t i ve s
Goals & Objectives
Doe Mountain Recreation
Authority Mission Statement:
The mission of the DMRA is to transform Doe Mountain into
a safe, fun, family-oriented, outdoor recreation destination that
promotes local economic development while conserving and protecting
its beauty, woods, water, and wildlife.
Introduction
Image: Doe Mountain towers over adjacent
Watauga Reservoir.
(Photo, 2013: Randy Morgan)
The following goals and objectives were derived directly from a series of visioning questions asked during
a weeklong charrette held in Mountain City,TN. Participants from all ages, genders, and locales answered
questions about what they liked, didnt like, and how they envisioned the economic impact Doe Mountain
could have for Mountain City, and the surrounding region. The answers were assembled next to each
question, revealing a commonality between the many different participants. Without question, most all
participants acknowledged Doe Mountain as a special place that needs to be protected, while also providing
opportunities for outdoor recreation. Along this same line of thought, many participants expressed a
need, or desire, for more adequate lodging and dining facilities that would attract a more diverse set of
users to the Mountain. Lastly, charrette participants unanimously agreed that new development should
be in keeping with the small town mom and pop businesses that exist to some degree in downtown
Mountain City.
F.3
Goals & Objectives
Decide the Strength, Weaknesses, and
Needs of Doe Mountain
What are the things you like MOST about Doe Mountain?
Goal:
Preserve the pristine qualities that make Doe Mountain
unique.
Objectives:
ensure any form of development on Doe Mountain is
done according to the most stringent best management
practices possible.
areas containing critical habitat should be avoided to the
greatest extent possible.
reserve areas on Doe Mountain for strictly low impact/
low noise uses, such as hiking and wildlife observation.
Goal:
Preserve the scenic qualities, both on the mountain and
from the surrounding area, that make Doe Mountain unique
Objectives:
Maintain the Fire Tower as a central meeting point for
users of Doe Mountain.
Provide viewing towers and platforms in strategic
locations on Doe Mountain that allow users to
experience the vastness of the Unaka Mountain Chain.
Ensure all development on Doe Mountain is maintained
below the existing tree canopy and remains invisible from
the area surrounding Doe Mountain.
Goal: Conserve the natural beauty of Doe Mountain.
Objectives:
Construct trails and paths on Doe Mountain that reveal
its natural beauty.
Construct trails and paths on Doe Mountain that follow
natural contour lines.
Maintain a net-zero impact for all development on Doe
Mountain.
Promote Doe Mountain as an easily accessible recreation
destination.
Designate the highways leading to and from Doe
Mountain as recreation corridor with Mountain City
serving as a Gateway City.
What are the things you like LEAST about Doe Mountain?
Goal:
Acknowledge the history of resource extraction on Doe
Mountain.
Objective:
Identify abandoned mining sites on Doe Mountain and
map them.
Goal:
Provide thoughtful access management strategies for Doe
Mountain.
Objective:
Locate entrances to Doe Mountain in areas where
existing land uses and anticipated adventure tourism
activities are compatible.
Goal:
Provide opportunities for a mixture of Adventure Tourism
Activities that co-exist with existing land uses.
Objective:
Locate Adventure Tourism Activities on Doe Mountain
in such a way that is compatible with existing land uses
adjoining the Mountain.
Goal:
Provide infrastructure on Doe Mountain sufficient enough to
accommodate basic necessities.
Objectives:
Construct restrooms facilities in certain locations on Doe
Mountain.
Construct parking areas that will accommodate
Recreational Vehicles.
Locate water access points in strategic locations on Doe
Mountain.
Construct a diverse range of lodging opportunities on
Doe Mountain.
What are the types of businesses and services do you see
helping transform Doe Mountain?
Goal:
Encourage the development of businesses and services
that support Adventure Tourism activities, while maintaining
the small town appeal of Mountain City.
Objectives:
Utilize vacant buildings in downtown Mountain City to
accommodate sit down eating establishments.
Repurpose Historic structures in Mountain City to
accommodate Bed and Breakfast establishments
Cluster new development at strategic nodes around the
base of Doe Mountain, including Mountain City, Butler,
and Watauga Lake
Goal:
Provide business development opportunities that support
Adventure Tourism.
Objectives:
Locate service businesses, such as car washes, repair shops,
and fueling stations, in strategic locations surrounding
Doe Mountain.
Create training facilities that will encourage a diverse
range of user groups, specifically beginner users.
F.4
Goals & Objectives
Determine the Location and Character
of New Development on Doe Mountain
What is the best real world example that reflects the type of
place you want Doe Mountain to be in the future?
Goal:
Create a unique Adventure Tourism Destination that places an
emphasis on a high quality experience.
Objective:
Create minimum design standards for each Adventure
Tourism activity.
What is the most important area where new development
should be encouraged?
Goal:
Provide access to Doe Mountain at strategic locations
Objective:
Create a set of design guidelines for each Adventure
Tourism activity.
What qualities are important to you for future development?
Goal:
Discourage over commercialization and development of
major chain businesses.
Objective:
Establishes design guidelines for new businesses that
aim to create walk-able communities.Would like to see
responsible commercial development that preserves the
small town feel of the area. (see previous)
What amenities would you like to see at the Doe Mountain
Recreational Destination?
Goal:
Provide the amenities necessary to make Doe Mountain a
Premier Recreational Destination.
Objectives:
Construct basic necessities, such as restroom facilities, near
points of interest in and around Doe Mountain.
Construct picnic areas, campgrounds, and scenic vistas
that take advantage of Doe Mountains unique geology
and landscape.
Create multi-purpose gathering areas for people not
participating in the adventure tourism activities
Create a Welcome Center where visitors can learn
about the multitude of activities Doe Mountain has to
offer
Create a connectivity plan that allows users to easily move
throughout the mountain and access multiple adventure
tourism activities.
Create multiple access points that allow different user
groups to enter at different areas on Doe Mountain.
General Comments
Goal:
Ensure the safety and welfare of ALL Adventure Tourism user
groups.
Objectives:
Design a trail system that allows easy access for EMS.
Create an Emergency Plan of Action that ensures the
protection and safety of all user groups.
Goal:
Provide opportunities and activities for people not
participating in Adventure Tourism activities.
Objective:
Create shuttle service or lift system that allows for parking
off the mountain and takes visitors up to the mountain.
Goal:
Capitalize on Johnson Countys designation as The Triathlon
Capital of the United States.
Management Plan
G
Devel opment Oppor t uni t i es
Sect i on
Development Opportunities
De ve l opme nt Oppor t uni t i e s
G.2
Image: Doe Mountain towers over adjacent
Watauga Reservoir.
(Photo, 2013: Matt Blansit)
Introduction
The Development Opportunities section of the DMMP utilizes
the Goals and Objectives generated during the public participation
process to inform the physical design of Doe Mountain. Community
members expressed three primary factors that should be used to
determine the character of new development on Doe Mountain.
First and foremost, any and all development on and around
Doe Mountain must preserve and conserve the ecological and
environmental features that make Doe Mountain unique, namely
its pristine scenic views and natural beauty. Secondly, community
members expressed a desire for a multitude of adventure tourism
activities to occur on Doe Mountain, as long as the activities are
compatible with the existing land uses that surround the Mountain.
Finally, participants noted that development of Doe Mountain as an
Adventure Tourism Destination must be to a level that will support
the creation of much needed economic development opportunities,
such as more restaurants, lodging options, and other service-oriented
businesses.
In order for Doe Mountain to develop into a premier adventure
tourism destination, sustainability must be at the forefront of all
development activity. To this end, the design team prepared a set
of minimum design standards for each adventure tourism activity.
The design standards provide recommendations for the construction
of trails that minimize the disturbance of natural drainage systems,
and therefore limit the negative impacts of soil erosion. In addition,
to minimize the impact of trail construction on environmentally
sensitive ecosystems, the design standards recommend trail systems
to be considered as Corridors, with a 100 swath of impact on each
side of the trail. With this system in place, trails will be able to easily
navigate around ecologically sensitive areas.
Given Doe Mountains proximity to existing land uses, it is imperative
that the multitude of adventure tourism activities be arranged so as to
be good neighbors. While most of the activities are generally passive,
a few are more intrusive and their location should be thoughtfully
considered. The sheer size and vastness of Doe Mountain should
easily accommodate this concern.
G.3
Sample 3 Day Experience
Day 1:
Day 2:
Day 3:
Adventure Activity Minimum Trail Length
Suggested
Area
Motorized Trail Riding 75 Miles 1875 Acres
Mountain Biking 60 Miles 1500 Acres
Equestrian 45 Miles 1125 Acres
Hiking/Nature Watching 30 miles 750 Acres
Zip Lining 2 Miles 25-50 Acres
Paragliding 1.5 Miles/1000 ft. elevation 10-20 Acres
Hang-gliding 1.5 Miles/1000 ft. elevation 10-20 Acres
Canoeing 12 Miles N/A
White Water Rafting 15 Miles N/A
Kayaking 25 Miles N/A
Road Biking 90 Miles N/A
Shooting Sports N/A 150 acres
Rappelling N/A 3 sites
Rock Climbing N/A 5 sites
Spelunking N/A 1 site
Triathlon
15.6 mi. - 138.2 mi. (run/
bike) N/A
Doe Mountain has the potential to be a major economic driver for
Mountain City, as well as for Johnson County. To ensure its success,
Doe Mountain must provide enough adventure tourism activities to
draw users on a regional basis. Users willing to travel within a region
often spend at least three days at their destination before returning
home. In addition, users like to experience a new system of trails
each day. Based on information gathered during the user survey, it
was also determined users demand a variety of eating and lodging
options when considering adventure tourism destinations they are
likely to visit. These two factors, eating and lodging options, will
prove crucial for the long-term success of Doe Mountain.
The Development Scenarios outlined in the following pages were
informed, in varying degrees, by each of the three primary factors.
The difference between the scenarios reflects the individual emphasis
each designer placed on the factors. Using data collected from the
demographic survey, we were able to determine the minimum
trail lengths for the different adventure tourism activities, based
on an established goal of visitors spending a three-day trip on the
mountain. Research confirmed that using a standard of 25 acres
per linear mile of trail would result in a design that preserves the
pristine and natural character of the mountain. From there we were
able to start blocking out areas spatially on the site dividing it up
by use to further explore different concept scenarios. While the
blocking out allows a general analysis of the location and amount
of adventure tourism activity, it is by no means a construction
document. Specific, on the ground actions will require additional
information, or a more detailed impact analysis before they can be
approved or implemented.
The Three Day Experience
In an effort to understand the full economic potential of Doe
Mountain as an economic driver, the design team developed the
concept of a Three-Day Experience as a baseline for analysis.
Research conducted during the Doe Mountain Charrette, and
the User Economic Survey, determined several key components
necessary to support a three-day experience. The number of
trail miles needed, total area needed, average users per group, and
estimated users capacity were generated for each Adventure Tourism
activity. (A full detailed break-down of this information is located
in Section D of the DMMP.) This information was utilized first
to determine the maximum carrying capacity of Doe Mountain to
accommodate the various activities.
Beginning with the activities that require the most land area, a
series of development scenarios were created to test the feasibility
of Doe Mountain to support the three-day experience. In addition,
by determining the user capacity per adventure tourism activity,
an assumption can be made as to the total number of potential
users. This information will assist in projecting the need for
supporting amenities, such as restroom facilities, lodging options, and
infrastructure improvements.
Given the multitude of adventure tourism activities possible on
Doe Mountain, the following narrative illustrates an ideal three-day
experience for a family of four.
A typical family of four traveling to an Adventure Tourism Destination
will likely begin their journey the night before the three-day
experience. Arriving early on the morning of day one, the family
will begin their experience by loading into an OHV and taking a
trip along the multi-purpose trail system to familiarize themselves
with Doe Mountain. Once determining a trail system they are
comfortable with, the users will begin their OHV experience. With
over 60 miles of trails, users will be able to chose a route that best
suites their endurance level.
Day two begins with a hiking adventure to explore the rich plant
and animal wildlife that are unique to Doe Mountain.The trail loop
system is interwoven into the site and encourages users of all ages to
participate. The challenging topography of the site is best traversed
by Zip lines, so the remainder of the day is spent in the tree tops,
ziplining from one ridge line to the next.
The final adventure of the experience is an Equestrian Trail Ride.
The rugged terrain on the southwest side of Doe Mountain is best
explored on horse back. With over 45 miles of trail, the user can
select a route that best suites their riding experience.
G.4
Image: Doe Mountain Recreation Area
Development Scenario #1.
(Concept Drawing, 2013: Matt Blansit)
Development Scenario #1
Access/Acquisition Recommendations:
Acquire access easements or required
properties to develop accesses to Doe
Mountain shown in the development
scenario
Acquire outparcels within the Doe
Mountain Recreation Area prior to
substantial development occurring. This
is recommended due to the cost of the
land increasing at the adoption of the
DMMP.
Hiking / Biking
Hiking
OHV
Access
w/ Check-In
Station Central
Corridor
OHV Trailhead
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7
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Hiking / Biking
Access
w/ Check-In
Station
Shooting
Sports
OHV
Hiking
Hiking / Biking
Shooting Sports
Legend
Mountain City, TN
Butler, TN
Harbin Hill
Access
Private
Access
Spice
Branch
Access
Hopper
Creek
Access
West Fork
Lunt Branch
Access
East Fork
Fall Branch
Access
Moretz
Road
Access
The following adventure tourism activities will require further analysis
and site specific details to be undertaken that is not available for this
planning effort. In addition, activities like spelunking, rappelling
and rock climbing may have further limitations within state lands of
Tennessee. There are two cave access points identified by the Doe
Mountain Community during the design charrette. There are two
rappelling and / or rock climbing access areas also identified for
Doe Mountain. Hang gliding and paragliding activities are possible
on Doe Mountain with further field investigations necessary for a
launching site and confirmation of a landing site. Their is calculation
shown is this document for determining the launching area elevation
in relation to the landing area elevation and distance from the launch
site. Zip lining, rappelling, spelunking, hang gliding paragliding,
shooting sports and rock climbing activities require further analysis
based on the adventure tourism activity needs and capacity estimates
shown in the market analysis section.
G.5
This scenario has designated a separation of areas between motorized
and non-motorized users. Along the main ridgeline, a narrow
corridor with a tread width suitable for hiking and mountain biking
traverses the length of the mountain. The objective was to allow
separate user groups the ability to have similar experiences on the
mountain. Each user group has access to high points, ridges, valleys,
and entrances, but the sensitive major ridgeline would only allow
uses of low disturbance. There are multiple access points based on
where existing roads cross the DMRA boundary. Users will park at
the access points and continue into the DMRA. The experience of
separation of users can allow for everyone to have their own unique
experience of entrance and use of the area, and allows for specific
marketing to user groups outside by the private sector based on the
designated areas.
SCENARIO 1.
Adventure Tourism Activity Proposed Acres 8600 Trail Length User Capacity Capital Costs
Motorized Trail Riding 1450 16.9% 58 Miles 6 348 $10,000 $580,000.00
Mountain Biking w/ Hiking 1540 17.9% 61.6 Miles 20 1232 $10,000 $616,000.00
Equestrian w/ Biking & Hiking 1440 16.7% 57.6 Miles 12 691 $8,000 $460,800.00
Hiking and Other Activities 3060 35.6% 35 Miles 20 700 $7,500 $918,000.00
Hang-gliding/Paragliding 340 4.0% N/A 50 ea $75,000.00
Shooting Sports 210 2.4% N/A 30 ea $500,000.00
Total 8040 3051 $3,149,800.00
Amenities
Central Corridor (gravel) 14.75 $125,000 per mile $1,843,750.00
Trail Head 1 $400,000 ea. $400,000.00
Check-in Station 3 $25,000 ea. $75,000.00
Lodging/ Camping Sites 762.75 $0.00
Resort 0 $80,000 $0.00
Cabins- 600 sf ea. 50 $20,000 $1,000,000.00
RV Camp Sites 300 $8,000 $2,400,000.00
Primitive Camp Sites 413 $2,500 $1,032,500.00
Maintenance 0.1 $9,901,050 annual $990,105.00
$7,741,355.00
Grand Total $10,891,155.00
Development Scenario #1 Central corridor Section:
Not to Scale
First Steps:
Complete sustainability design
guidelines for development of each
adventure tourism activity proposed
for the Doe Mountain Development
Scenario.
Complete a Business, Operations
and Management Plan to include a
clear process for planning, designing,
bidding and constructing projects
within the DMRA. The Business
Operations and Management Plan
should include a resource capacity
study that measures the physical,
environmental and ecological
carrying capacity of Doe Mountain.
The business and operations plan
should address a management
structure of the proposed park
in the short term and during full
build out of the development
scenario. In addition, the business
operations plan should address the
order of implementation of user
groups as well as a schedule for
implementation of infrastructure
activities and future land acquisitions
schedule.
Develop and operating budget to
include a project developer and site
manager
Seek qualifications for and employee
by contract a project developer
to manage project development
to include funding, financing and
project implementation. This
individual should have a unique
set of skills to work in the public
and private sector and develop
relationships with the agencies
and legislative body of Tennessee.
This individual may only be under
contract for a 4 to 8 year period
which is the initial stages of project
development.
See qualifications for and employee
by contract a land manager to work
part time on Doe Mountain until
fulltime efforts are needed. Project
Developer should have full hiring
and selection authority as well as the
ability to dismiss the site manager.
Select the first user zone or zones to
be developed within the DMRA and
follow the user zone development
steps listed in this section.
Request the University of Tennessee
Agri-Industry Modeling group
undertake an Estimate of Economic
Importance of Doe Mountain based
on the thirteen (13) adventure
tourism activities. The analysis
should use the IMPLAN model
to fully understand the inter-
relationships of user groups with the
local economy.
G.6
(Concept Drawing, 2013: Randy Morgan)
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scenario
DMMP.
Review of acquisition of additional
property at Harbin Hill for resort
development and further defining of
resort programmatic elements
Equestrian
Trailhead
Equestrian
OHV
Hiking / Biking
w/ Hotel
Hiking Access
Chair
Lift
OHV
Access
Resort Location
OHV Trailhead
w/ Restrooms
Campgrounds
Central
Corridor
Legend
OHV
Mountain Biking
Hiking
Hiking / Biking
Harbin Hill
Access
Industrial
Site
Access
Moore
Ridge
Access
Pandora
Access
Butler
Access
Spice
Branch
Access
East Fork
Fall Branch
Rainbow
Mtn. Access
Mtn. City
Access
G.7
SCENARIO 2.
Adventure Tourism Activity Pr. Ac. 8600 Trail Length User Capacity Capital Costs
Motorized Trail Riding 2440 28.4% 97.6 Miles 6 586 $10,000 $976,000.00
Mountain Biking w/ Hiking 1200 14.0% 48 Miles 20 960 $10,000 $480,000.00
Equestrian 1630 19.0% 65.2 12 782 $8,000 $521,600.00
Hiking and Other Activities 2220 25.8% 45 20 900 $7,500 $918,000.00
Total 8040 3308 $3,470,600.00
Amenities
Central Acccess Corridor (asphalt) 14.75 $125,000 $1,843,750.00
Trail Head 3 $400,000 $1,200,000.00
Check-in Station 3 $25,000 $75,000.00
Lodging/ Camping Sites 827 $0.00
Resort 150 $40,000 $6,000,000.00
Cabins- 600 sf ea. 50 $20,000 $1,000,000.00
RV Camp Sites 250 $8,000 $2,000,000.00
Primitive Camp Sites 377 $2,500 $942,500.00
Maintenance 0.1 $16,531,850 annual $1,653,185.00
Total $14,714,435.00
Grand Total $18,185,035.00
Scenario 2 explores multiple access points and there role in the
future development of Doe Mountain. Initial investigations focused
on identifying parcels that both share a boundary with, and provide
direct access, to Doe Mountain. The intent of the access points are
to provide different levels of monitored access to the Mountain,
while fulfilling basic needs of multiple user groups. For example,
certain access points are more appropriate for day use groups, while
others will provide opportunities for user groups to stay over night.
This scenario contains one chair life at the Northeast end of Doe
Mountain near Mountain City and provides for a central corridor for
recreational uses to include hiking, mountain biking, and OHV. In
addition to access points, scenario two investigates the incorporation
of a resort style development.
During the visioning session, many participates mentioned a desire
for a family oriented adventure tourism park. To accomplish this,
scenario two identified an area that would accommodate a resort
style development that could serve as the heart of Doe Mountain,
and also a central gathering spot. Future explorations are needed to
determine programmatic elements.
Not to Scale
First Steps:
Scenario.
Complete a Business, Operations and
Management Plan to include a clear
process for planning, designing, bidding
and constructing projects within the
DMRA. The Business Operations and
Management Plan should include a
resource capacity study that measures
the physical, environmental and
ecological carrying capacity of Doe
Mountain. The business and operations
plan should address a management
structure of the proposed park in the
short term and during full build out of
the development scenario. In addition,
the business operations plan should
address the order of implementation
of user groups as well as a schedule
for implementation of infrastructure
schedule.
manager
Seek qualifications for and employee by
contract a project developer to manage
project development to include funding,
financing and project implementation.
This individual should have a unique
set of skills to work in the public and
private sector and develop relationships
with the agencies and legislative body of
Tennessee. This individual may only be
under contract for a 4 to 8 year period
development.
See qualifications for and employee by
contract a land manager to work part
time on Doe Mountain until fulltime
efforts are needed. Project Developer
should have full hiring and selection
authority as well as the ability to dismiss
the site manager.
follow the user zone development steps
listed in this section.
on the thirteen (13) adventure tourism
activities. The analysis should use the
IMPLAN model to fully understand the
inter-relationships of user groups with
the local economy.
G.8
(Concept Drawing, 2013: Ben Farmer)
scenario
DMMP.
Review of acquisition of additional
property for resort style development
located along State Highway 167.
Butler Access Point / Chairlift
Chairlift
Hiking / Biking
Trailhead w/
Campground
Hiking / Biking
Trailhead w/
Campground
OHV Trailhead
w/ Campground
Equestrian Trailhead
w/ Campground
Vehicular Access to
Central Corridor
Proposed Resort-Style
Development
Hike-In
Campground
Vehicular Access to
Central Corridor
Vehicular Access to
Central Corridor
Mountain City
Access Point / Chairlift
Chairlift
OHV
General Purpose
Hiking
Hiking / Biking
Equestrian
Legend
Harbin Hill
Access
Industrial
Site Access
Moore Ridge
Access
Butler, TN
Morfield
Branch
Access
West Fork
Lunt Branch
Access
Rainbow
Mountain
Access
G.9
Development Scenario #3 Central corridor Section
The focus of this particular concept scenario looks closely at
controlled access to the mountain. This concept aims to capitalize
on one of the major comments that was prevalent throughout the
many visioning sessions, which is preserving the pristine/iconic
and rugged natural feel of Doe Mountain. Access would hinge
on a central corridor for users with formal pedestrian and bicycle
connections, complete with opportunities to rent equipment.
Scenario 3 contains two chair lifts, one in Mountain City and one
in Butler, and a central corridor for all recreation users to include
hiking, mountain biking and OHV. Resort style lodging is located
on the southern side (Highway 167) about midway of the mountain
and is marked by an asterisk. Scenario three also calls for ingress and
egress of a one lane (one direction) or a two lane road entering and
exiting Doe Mountain in three locations. This road would expand
on the central corridor and add automobiles. This scenario also
explores the notion of developing lodging/cabins/tents within Doe
Mountain, maximizing the sharing of recreational areas of unique
significance and the potential location of Trailheads for the different
uses.The central corridor also helps with Emergency Services, which
requires sound access to the different areas of the mountain in case
of emergencies
SCENARIO 3.
Motorized Trail Riding 2440 28.4% 97.6 Miles 6 586 $10,000 $976,000.00
Equestrian 1630 19.0% 65.2 12 782 $8,000 $521,600.00
Hiking and Other Activities 2220 25.8% 45 20 900 $7,500 $918,000.00
Total 8040 3308 $3,470,600.00
Amenities
Trail Head 4 $400,000 $1,600,000.00
Check-in Station 5 $25,000 $125,000.00
Lodging/ Camping Sites 827 $0.00
Resort 150 $40,000 $6,000,000.00
Cabins- 600 sf ea. 50 $20,000 $1,000,000.00
RV Camp Sites 250 $8,000 $2,000,000.00
Primitive Camp Sites 377 $2,500 $942,500.00
Maintenance 0.1 $16,092,500 annual $1,609,250.00
Total $17,701,750.00
Grand Total $21,172,350.00
First Steps:
Scenario.
schedule.
manager
development.
the site manager.
the local economy.
G.10
(Concept Drawing, 2013: Matt Blansit)
Equestrian
Mountain Biking
OHV
Preservation Area
Primitive Camping
Legend
scenario
DMMP.
Preserve
(No Access)
Central Corridor
Access for All Users
Biologically Sensitive
Area
Biologically Sensitive
Area
Equestrian Access
w/ Check-In
Preserve
(No Access)
Preserve
(No Access)
Equestrian
Shared Access
Trailhead
Mountain
Biking
Equestrian
Primitive
Camping
Mountain Biking
Trailhead
OHV
Preserve
OHV
Trailhead
OHV
Trailhead
Biologically
Sensitive Area
Mountain
Biking
Harbin Hill
Access
Industrial
Site Access
Pandora
Access
Hopper
Creek
Access
Flint Knob
Mine Access
Crowder Rd.
Access
G.11
Scenario 4 takes the preservation approach by using data from the
biological assessment of BDY Natural Science Consultants and from
Dr. Frosty Levy of ETSU. Specific areas were found to carry species
that are rare to the DMRA, and then general areas that can carry
those rare species were blocked off to allow for greater protection
of the rare species. BDY also recommended a 50 buffer along all
streams as these areas generally carry a greater amount of flora and
fauna diversity. Access points are based on areas that are not located
by any of the preservation areas and where existing roads cross or
approach the DMRA boundary. The area that is left over can be
developed as recreational use areas that allow for a more pristine
and rugged feel to the mountain and allows for greater potential
biodiversity and wildlife encounters due to the areas of preservation.
SCENARIO 4.
Motorized Trail Riding 1625 25.0% 75 Miles 6 450 $10,000 $750,000.00
Equestrian 1625 25.0% 45 Miles 12 540 $8,000 $360,000.00
Hiking and Other Activities 1625 25.0% 30 Miles 20 600 $7,500 $225,000.00
Total 6500 2790 $1,935,000.00
Amenities
Trail Head 4 $400,000 $1,600,000.00
Check-in Station 5 $25,000 $125,000.00
Lodging/ Camping Sites 697.5 $0.00
Resort 0 $40,000 $0.00
Cabins- 600 sf ea. 50 $20,000 $1,000,000.00
RV Camp Sites 200 $8,000 $1,600,000.00
Primitive Camp Sites 448 $2,500 $1,120,000.00
Maintenance 0.1 $7,288,750 annual $728,875.00
Total $8,017,625.00
Grand Total $9,952,625.00
Not to Scale
First Steps:
Scenario. The guidelines should take
into account the preservation zones.
schedule.
manager
development.
the site manager.
the local economy.
G.12
User Zone and Trail Construction Steps:
Permitting, NEPA and Public Bid Requirements
In the State of Tennessee any Operators of construction sites involving
clearing, grading or excavation that result in an area of disturbance of
one or more acres, and activities that result in the disturbance of less
than one acre if it is part of a larger common plan of development
or sale must receive a NPDES Storm Water General Construction
Permit from TDEC. In addition, the permit requires a Stormwater
Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) be completed and twice weekly
monitoring by a certified individual as well as monthly monitoring
by a licenses Landscape Architect or Engineer. There is no exception
for this requirement for State Lands in Tennessee.
In regards to an environmental assessment or archeological review
the following requirements apply on state lands. First, if federal
funds, a federal agency or federal lands are involved in the project
a full Nation Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) review is
required. The NEPA review assesses cultural and environmental
impacts of the proposed project activities. There are three levels of
analysis that a federal agency may undertake to comply with the
NEPA law. These three levels include: preparation of a Categorical
Exclusion (CE), preparation of an Environmental Assessment (EA)
and Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI); or preparation and
drafting of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). A categorical
exclusion (CE) should be applied for first. It is the least in cost to
develop and the least in effort and data to prepare. A CE is a category
of actions that the agency has determined does not individually or
cumulatively has a significant effect on the quality of the human
environment.
Second, it is not clear that the State of Tennessee has a CE or similar
requirement when using state funds, private funds or on state lands to
undertake construction. The Tennessee State Parks system analyzes
environmental impact on a case by case basis and maintains its mission
to protect the cultural and environmental systems of Tennessee.
It is proposed that the DMRA follow the same standards when
undertaking projects with state, DMRA or private sector funds.
In addition, any project or purchase involving State of Tennessee
funds with exception of Emergency Purchases has a requirement
for sealed bids. The requirement for a sealed bid may be waived by
the Chief Procurement Officer in an emergency purchase situation.
Unsealed bids, verbal or telephone quotations may be requested for
local purchases not exceeding $25,000.00, and agency contracts with
delegated purchase authority for a bid not exceeding $25,000.00.
Written confirmation of the quotation should be sent to the
requesting state agency. Fax confirmation is acceptable as written
confirmation of bids on informal purchases not exceeding $25,000.00.
Any purchase or construction project that exceeds $25,000.00 must
conduct sealed bids through the public bid process. It is illegal in
Tennessee for public entities to break up or phase a specific project
(within reason) and construct the project in $25,000.00 or fewer
increments.
Finally, in the State of Tennessee any construction activity that is
$25,000.00 or greater in cost requires a licensed general contractor
to undertake the work. This requirement is for public and private
entities and is regulated by the General Contractors Board of
Tennessee. The DMRA should follow the state bid requirement
unless other purchasing thresholds apply. The DMRA may also
follow the purchasing and bidding thresholds of Johnson County
which may be substantially less than the $25,000.00 bid threshold.
G.13
User Zone Development Process
Step 1:
Select an initial user zone or zones for trail planning, development
and construction.
Step 2:
Develop a project budget for user trail implementation with outside
design consultant. This budget should include A&E, permitting,
bid advertising, bid document printing, project management/
administration, construction materials & labor and any SWPPP
monitoring costs associated with the project as well as any unrelated
grant administration costs to the project.
Step 3:
Develop and seek funding partners for implementing user zone trails.
Step 4:
Contract with outside design consultant to layout initial trail system
in CAD/GIS. System should meet requirements of sustainable
design guidelines for Doe Mountain (design guidelines need to
be developed and adopted by the board prior to any design or
construction activities). The trail system should be intense and have
appropriate loops and trail class levels for the particular user group.
The trail system should meet the dense/intense nature of the Doe
Mountain Adventure Tourism activities.
Step 5:
CAD/GIS file should be plotted and flagged in the field by a
competent trail committee member. Layout of the proposed trail
alignment is to be confirmed by the outside consultant and adjusted
in the field by the outside consultant. The final trail alignment
GPS data is to be collected and transmitted to the outside design
consultant.
Step 6:
Full NEPA review (if federal funds, federal lands or federal agency
involved) and/or a biological impact analysis for known species
of Doe Mountain should be evaluated based on the final selected
alignment. Revisions if any in the alignment against identified
species or NEPA review should now occur. Final alignment GPS
coordinates are sent to the outside design consultant.
Step 7:
Outside design consultant drafts scope of services for construction
survey proposals. DMRA hires licensed surveyor in the State of
Tennessee to undertake the construction survey scope of work. The
construction survey list of work should include a minimum of 25 to
each side of the centerline for a single track trail or greater corridor
area for survey depending on the intent and type of trail as well as
the area being developed. The construction survey may be increased
or decreased in width based on the project need. This decision is to
be made by the outside design consultant.
Step 8:
Outside design consultant receives the construction survey digital
file from the licenses surveyor. The file is in CAD format that meets
the survey scope of work. Outside design consultant completes
design and construction details for the trail system. Construction
details include trail system standard details as well as placement and/
or construction details for trail obstacles and challenges. These plans
will be required for the NPDES General Permit, SWPPP preparation
and public bidding.
Step 9:
Outside design consultant completes the SWPPP and applies for the
TN NPDES General Permit.
Step 10:
Outside design consultant completes final opinion of probable cost
(OPC) for construction prior to bidding. DMRA finalizes funding
for project based on OPC with a reasonable contingency prior to
going to bid.
Step 11:
Outside design consultant finalizes the bid book,project specifications
as well bid advertisement.
Step 12:
The project is reviewed by respective grant agencies if any and if
none involved the project is bid or constructed through forced
account. Low bid contractor is placed under construction contract
and bonded for the project prior to construction.
Step 13:
Outside design consultant completes monthly site visits during
construction and authorizes contractor payment requests. Outside
design consultant may submit on behalf of owner the reimbursement
request for any grant contracts involved if required by the DMRA.
Step 14:
Project completion occurs, contract closing and warranty documents
are signed and the construction warranty period begins. The
construction warranty period is typically one year unless specific
equipment is installed that has an extended warranty.
G.14
The Doe Mountain Resort
Image: The Doe Mountain Resort
(Perspective Rendering, 2013: Ben Johnson)
G.15
The Tower at Doe Mountain
Image: The Tower at Doe Mountain
G.16
The Overlook at Doe Mountain
Image: The Overlook at Doe Mountain
G.17
The Campsites of Doe Mountain
Image: The Campsites of Doe Mountain
G.18
Management Policies
The call for a management approach that balances the need for
recreational use with the need to conserve the character of Doe
Mountain and the capacity of the resources to withstand use
presents a challenging and complex task - one that requires both
a long-term and a day-to-day approach to problem solving.There
may be no one right answer to a problem - in making decisions,
the key is to apply a systematic rationale based on monitoring and
evaluation. In order to accomplish this, the following principles will
be used to manage Doe Mountain as an Adventure Tourism Desti-
nation:
Protect and Conserve the Natural Resources of Doe Moun-
tain: Management will stress sustaining the existing environ-
mental conditions and restoring those areas and resources that
have been or are being degraded. Resource conditions will be
monitored and evaluated to assure they are not being degraded.
Management actions will respond to specific areas, identified as
hot spots, that are damaged.
Conserve the Working Forest Character of the Planning Area:
Management will be directed at uses which do not require a
developed setting or otherwise detract from the working forest
character of the unit.
Provide for a Variety of Adventure Tourism Uses: Management
will provide for a variety of recreational uses so long as those
uses do not degrade the natural resources.
Management Will Be Accomplished with the Minimum Tool:
All management actions will be reviewed to determine first if
they are necessary, and then to determine the minimum action
or tool (practices, tools, equipment, regulations and infrastruc-
ture) that will accomplish the task. When public use must be
controlled to prevent resource degradation, education will be
the preferred option followed by the minimum degree of regu-
lation or control necessary to meet management needs.
Manage the Planning Area with Interdisciplinary Scientific
Skills. Forest management involves acquiring a working knowl-
edge of complex relationships and requires the skills of natural
resource professionals and social scientists who work as a team
in focusing on preserving the resources, the working forest
character and visitor experience within the plan area.
Establish Specific Management Objectives. Establish specific
management objectives, with public involvement. Resources
and the visitor experience will be monitored and evaluated for
consistency with the objectives, and management actions will
be adjusted through the planning process, when necessary, to
meet stated objectives.
Trail Management Objectives:
Develop a trail class system that describes the intended trail
design and management standards, and reflects trail develop-
ment scale.
Manage the uses, or modes of travel, according to the design
intent. While multiple uses may be allowed on a trail, the trail
should be designed to accommodate only one mode of travel.
Develop technical guidelines for the survey, design, construc-
tion, maintenance, and assessment of a trail.
Utilize the National Quality Standards for Trails to inform
planning, constructing and managing the trail system.
Resource Management Objectives:
Conduct a Resource Capacity Study that measures the physi-
cal, environmental, and ecological carrying capacity of Doe
Mountain
Utilize sustainable design practices to minimize soil erosion.
Inventory existing and potential recreation opportunities, deter-
mine future need for those opportunities, analyze the issues and
current management situation, and propose management activi-
ties to integrate the recreation needs of the public into planning
for other resource needs.
Coordinate with other Federal, State, and local agencies, and
the private sector in order to avoid competition with the pri-
vate sector, duplication of recreation facilities and programs, and
land-use conflicts.
Visitor Experience Management Objectives:
Provide a broad spectrum of adventure tourism opportuni-
ties consistent with the Adventure Tourism Act that reflects a
balance of environmental, economic, and social factors and the
natural and cultural landscape.
Provide a mixture of trail types that consider the relationship
between motorized and non-motorized uses.
Consider the volume of use, specifically the number and fre-
quency of encounters between different user groups.
Image: Doe Mountain Fire Tower
Management Plan
H
The Fut ur e of Doe Mount a i n
Sect i on
The Future of Doe Mountain
The Fut ur e of Doe Mount ai n
H.2
Image: Doe Mountain Resort
(Concept Perspective Rendering, 2013: Ben Johnson)
Introduction
The future of Doe Mountain is within the capable hands of Tennesseans.
This statement is supported by the vision of Tennessee 2020 Vision for
Parks, People & Landscapes and the implementation of that vision by
the Tennessee Legislature and The Nature Conservancy Tennessee
Chapter. The vision for Doe Mountain is clear, the program for
sixteen (16) adventure tourism activities is set, and the community
of Doe Mountain is engaged in developing their identified goals and
objectives. The future for conservation of Doe Mountain is upon us.
Now is the time to thoughtfully implement the proposed scenario or
initiate an implementation strategy that develops Doe Mountain in
phases. The planning team has recommended the DMRA implement
the proposed development scenarios from Development Scenario
1 through Development Scenario 3. Although each development
scenario has its own opportunities and constraints, Development
Scenario 1 has the least amount of infrastructure while capitalizing
on existing access points and a Doe Mountain Central Corridor
for hiking and biking only. Development Scenario 2 increases the
amount of infrastructure, formalizes the number of access points,
requires a resort style development on the northeastern side of
the mountain, and further enhances the Doe Mountain Central
Corridor by supporting hiking, biking, equestrian and OHV users.
Development Scenario 3 is considered a full build out scenario with
hiking, biking, equestrian and OHV uses and automobile access
within the Doe Mountain Central Corridor, as well as proposing
a resort style development on the southern side of Doe Mountain.
Each Development Scenario has its opportunities and constraints for
preservation, citizen vision and economic development. Success and
failures of implementation through time must be gauged against the
citizen envisioned goals and objectives. The citizen envisioned goals
and objectives were developed during the process of community
engagement for the Doe Mountain Management Plan. The continued
reference and guide of the goals and objectives will ultimately bring
success to Doe Mountain.
Promoting Adventure Tourism Resources
Promotion of the Doe Mountain Adventure Tourism activities
should not occur until the appropriate infrastructure is in place. This
infrastructure includes business and operations plans, management
staff, as well as the physical and financial wherewithal to operate the
adventure site on a daily basis. As in any business operation there
will be startup costs to initiate the project during the startup period.
Opening Doe Mountain prior to its time leads to customer
frustration and lingering communication issues on the nature of the
Doe Mountain experience. Furthermore, it is a waste of resources
in developing areas of the project that should not be developed or
meeting a design standard that is too high or too low for the goals
and objectives of the management plan. At this time and in the
near future the planning team strongly recommends not promoting
physical activities on Doe Mountain. Promotion should focus on
planning, analysis, data collection, leadership development and
building partnerships. The promotional strategy will methodically
and appropriately allow the DMRA to gauge on the ground activities
with the level of infrastructure necessary to support a comprehensive
experience.
There are a total of thirteen (13) of the analyzed sixteen (16)
adventure tourism activities that are possible to take place on Doe
Mountain. The Doe Mountain adventure tourism activities have a
collective nature of an authentic experience and extreme element
of risk. Precedent for thirteen (13) adventure tourism activities on
a single site has not been identified by the planning team. There
are a collection of one to three or four adventure tourism activities
on sites in the U.S. However, there is an opportunity to market
the collection of adventure tourism resources proposed for Doe
Mountain as a unique family destination.
The market for a family oriented adventure tourism destination
should be further refined annually. The marketing plan should be
tailored to fit the existing development of Doe Mountain as it exists
in that annual period. The Doe Mountain Marketing Plan should
evaluate Strategic Development, Branding and the Target Audiences.
The Strategic Development portion of the marketing plan should
further refine themes and subthemes. The themes and subthemes
will assist to develop a message to reach Adventure Tourism target
audiences as well as communicating with adventure tourism target
partners.
Branding for the Doe Mountain Adventure Tourism Destination
should develop a brand that is meaningful, memorable and effective.
The brand must convey the message of cross correlating adventure
tourism activities and that Doe Mountain is the destination to do
so. A part of the branding promise and stewardship of adventure
tourism is to participate and meet or exceed individual user group
designations. One example is the International Mountain Bicycling
H.3
Association (IMBA) IMBA Ride Center. This designation like
those from other user groups can be achieved on Doe Mountain
and used to further refine and develop the Doe Mountain brand. By
capitalizing on existing user group class or trail designation the brand
that is Doe Mountain will be recognized by Target Audiences who
know the larger association brand. Through the use of existing user
group branding and the development of a unique brand based on
the Doe Mountain authentic experience a memorable and authentic
recreational opportunity will be produced.
The average age of the Target Audiences for Adventure Tourism in
the U.S. and abroad is 35 (Xola 2009). The Doe Mountain Adventure
Tourism Destination, User & Economic Survey respondent average
age is _______. The target market for adventure tourism for Doe
Mountain will depend on the scale of operations and the ability to
implement the full thirteen (13) activities. Consumers of adventure
tourism activities on Doe Mountain will be traveling as a destination
experience and according to the User & Economic Survey will stay
for a minimum of three days.
Target partners are those people and organizations likely to support
marketing Doe Mountain as a destination. Target partners are
individuals and entities who can be approached for support in the
areas of communication, promotion and funding. These include
County Visitors Bureaus, County Chamber of Commerce, State
of Tennessee, Media, Influential individuals, Influential businesses,
conservation entities,adventure tourism activity equipment providers,
recreational user group organizations and local government leaders.
Protecting the Biological Diversity of
Doe Mountain
Protecting the biological diversity of Doe Mountain is paramount
in the success of the mountain as an adventure tourism destination.
The biological diversity and scenic qualities are the single most
common attribute for an authentic adventure tourism experience.
Protecting the scenic and biological diversity must be a balance
with development and maintenance of adventure tourism activity
infrastructure.
In order to conserve and preserve the natural qualities of the mountain
the planning team recommends a custom set of sustainable design
standards be created. These standards should meet the goals and
objectives envisioned by the charrette participants while protecting
the scenic qualities and biological diversity of the region. The
Doe Mountain sustainable design standards are not trail details or
structural bridge specifications. The sustainable design standards are
the first threshold to determine whether an activity or trail should be
constructed and in what manner of accessibility should be reached.
Sometimes the rider needs to step off the mode of travel and become
a pedestrian to have a true Doe Mountain experience. Remember,
just because it can be built, does not always mean it should be built.
The protection of biological and scenic diversity of Doe Mountain
has secondary benefits. The secondary benefits include an authentic
experience for the adventure tourism user. Furthermore, protection
of the natural conditions increases market viability and potentially
access to a greater share of the adventure tourism market. Finally, the
protection of biological and scenic resources enables the longevity
of Doe Mountain as a conservation based economic driver that is
adventure tourism.
Improving the Experience to and on
Doe Mountain
The average adventure tourism user for Doe Mountain will
be traveling three (3) to six (6) hours to arrive at the adventure
tourism destination. The location of Doe Mountain is isolated and
the highway system accessing the region implies this in a context
sensitive and appropriate manner. While traveling to Johnson
County an adventure traveler is informally and formally receiving
visual information about the region. The traveler is also receiving
information about their upcoming adventure tourism destination.
The planning team recommends evaluating the main corridors
accesses to the region through development of a corridor
management plan (CMP). The CMP should enhance and protect
the intrinsic qualities of the transportation corridor. The intrinsic
qualities should include historic, recreational, natural, scenic, cultural
and archaeological qualities along the corridors. In addition, to a
regional corridor management strategy the DMRA should facilitate
the Doe Valley Scenic Byway Corridor Management Plan for State
Highway 67 and Highway 167. These two highways encompass
the Doe Mountain Adventure Tourism Destination. Through
establishing standards to protect the scenic qualities of the Doe
Mountain environs, the visual cues of wilderness and the natural
landscape that draw adventure tourists will be further enhanced and
protected.
The recommendations for improving the experience while on
Doe Mountain are based on the need to maintain a high quality
visitor/user experience that is unique and place based. In order to
accomplish this effort each adventure tourism activity must capitalize
on the unique nature of Doe Mountain while sharing the resources
with other users. Examples of shared resources include interaction
of user groups at key locations like the fire tower and other culturally
significant venues. In addition, the ability to share trail heads, access
points and the Doe Mountain Central Corridor by user groups will
be key to the success of the Doe Mountain experience.
The Doe Mountain adventure tourism user should interact with
custom signs, markers and scenic narratives that discuss historical
and natural attributes of Doe Mountain. To further the place
based experience, that is proposed for Doe Mountain and desired
by adventure tourism consumers, the signs and communication
materials should be clear, concise and comprehensive.
Sustainable Economic Development
Through Ecotourism
Within adventure tourism is the sub-category of ecotourism a
term coined by renowned Mexican architect Ceballos-Lascurain.
Lascurain defined ecotourism as that tourism that involves traveling
to relatively undisturbed natural areas with the specific object of
studying, admiring and enjoying the scenery and its wild plants
and animals, as well as any existing cultural aspects found in these
areas. Ecotourism is further defined as an environmentally friendly
and socially responsible way of tourism that supports the local
economy as well as nature protection and at the same time educates
the tourist about local nature and culture. (Fennell, D.A. A content
analysis of ecotourism definitions. Current Issues in Tourism, 4(5).
403-421 (2001). The term ecotourism has been used since 1960
and has various definitions and implications worldwide. The use
of ecotourism on Doe Mountain may or may not be appropriate.
The authors of this plan feel that the definition of ecotourism and
the implementation of the thirteen (13) adventure tourism activities
must contain sustainability criteria to protect the resources of Doe
Mountain to be applied appropriately. The critique of Doe Mountain
as an ecotourism destination may be the advanced nature of access to
the mountain and intensity of adventure tourism activities within it.
Ecotourism relies heavily on studying and learning about scenery and
wildlife and is not a consumer of the natural resources. Ecotourism
also involves a well-defined commitment to environmental
conservation and protection, both in terms of philosophy and
practice (Her Majesty the Queen in right of the Province of Nova
Scotia. A Guide to Starting and Operating an Adventure Tourism
Business in Nova Scotia.The Economic Planning Group of Canada,
Halifax, Nova Scotia, 2005). However, this critique cannot be fully
evaluated until sustainable design guidelines are completed for all
thirteen (13) adventure tourism activities. On the following pages
are examples of the sustainable guidelines that should be further
refined and developed for each adventure tourism activity proposed.
The implementation of adventure tourism sustainable guidelines will
aid in achieving the goal of Doe Mountain as an adventure tourism
destination that reaches a level of ecotourism character.
H.4
Current & Future Opportunities &
Constraints
Doe Mountain has tremendous opportunities to achieve a family
oriented outdoor recreation area that promotes economic development
and protects Doe Mountains intrinsic qualities. There are a proposed
sixteen (16) adventure tourism activities within the DMRA
boundary. The planning team has identified a possible thirteen (13)
activities that are capable and supported by the environment of the
mountain. The internal adventure tourism activities are motorized
trail riding, mountain biking, paragliding, hand gliding, road biking,
shooting sports, equestrian, hiking/nature watching, zip lining
rappelling, rock climbing, spelunking and triathlons. The external
adventure tourism activities are whitewater rafting, canoeing and
kayaking with triathlon activities occurring on and off the mountain.
The Watauga Kayak Center offers white water rafting, kayaking and
canoeing 5.5 miles below Wilbur Dam and approximately 45 minutes
from Doe Mountain. In addition, Cherokee Adventures of Erwin,
Tennessee and other outfitters offer whitewater rafting and kayaking
on the Nolichucky River in Tennessee and North Carolina. This
site is also approximately 45 minutes away from Doe Mountain and
serves as an additional opportunity for an adventure tourism outing
associated with Doe Mountain. In addition, Lake Watauga lies at
the southwestern tip of Doe Mountain near Butler, Tennessee. This
opportunity for Butler to connect to Doe Mountain by chair lift
and have water recreation activities is unique and should be strongly
capitalized on by the DMRA.
The following comments are based on general observations of the
DMMP process as well as existing resources and access points to Doe
Mountain.
Current Opportunities
Support from the community of Doe Mountain, adventure
tourism user groups, The State of Tennessee and local
governments.
Capitalizing on partners and current administrations to develop
the resources of Doe Mountain.
Historical access points in and around Doe Mountain provide
reduced costs for access to the mountain while generating
revenues. A discussion of what type of initial adventure tourism
access should take place should review infrastructure and
operating costs versus revenues.
Revisiting the DMRA enabling legislation to understand that
the DMRA is an adventure tourism business. Business startup
and cash flow management experience on the DMRA Board
would be invaluable.
Current Constraints
Perceived pressure by the DMRA board members to open Doe
Mountain to any or some form of recreational activity.
Ability of DMRA to communicate the process to develop an
adventure tourism destination, the time frame for doing so and
a realistic schedule for providing a high quality experience for
multiple adventures tourism users.
Available capital for startup costs and initial infrastructure costs
for Doe Mountain. This constraint may be an opportunity
in that it allows for full review and development of the Doe
Mountain Master Plan and an understanding of the management
and operations for the project.
Pressure from adventure tourism user groups to develop their
set of trails or activities on Doe Mountain. A process and
management strategy should be put in place so that volunteer
trail and infrastructure meets the DMMP goals and objectives.
Existing single or multi-focused adventure tourism destinations
that are within a 1 to three hour drive time of Doe Mountain.
Examples include the Hatfield & McCoy Trail System, Spear
Head Trails, The Northern Cumberland Recreation Area and
the Cherokee National Forest. These sites and activities are well
developed, have expansive lands to develop trails and one or more
must be passed through to get to Doe Mountain for a majority
of users. The question is how Doe Mountain differentiates itself
in the market of adventure tourism.
Future Opportunities
Development of the ambitious and long term strategies contained
in each of the proposed development scenarios.
Adventure Tourism is a growing market sector in the U.S. and
Tennessee
Development of a high quality recreational user experience that
is authentic to Doe Mountain.
Future Constraints
Maintaining market competitiveness within the region and the
nation. The model for Doe Mountain will be replicated and
improved upon by other private, local and state entities.
Over development or modifying the surrounding landscape
of Doe Mountain in a way that takes away from the visitors
experience.
H.5
Economic Impact
Primary & Secondary User Groups
The Doe Mountain adventure tourism activities are structured
for each of the thirteen user groups to be a primary activity. This
structure is evident in that each proposed activity for Doe Mountain
is provided enough area/miles to meet a three day experience. The
three day experience carries throughout the management plan
analysis and continues to do so in this section.
The planning team and market analysis indicate that a diversification
of Doe Mountain into multiple adventure tourism activities is a
conservative and sound business practice. The diversification of
adventure tourism activities to thirteen (13) versus one or two allows
for greater market potential and increased visitors. In addition, each
primary user group has great potential with the adventure tourism
market to cross correlate with other activities on Doe Mountain.
The opportunity for cross correlation may increase the customers
period of stay as well as the amount of direct and indirect impact
to the region. Finally, the development of thirteen (13) adventure
tourism activities on Doe Mountain is unique in its own right and
carries a theme of destination that matches the rural and isolated
character of the region.
Existing Fee Structure Review
The Doe Mountain Recreation Authority (DMRA) has developed
an existing fee structure that is dated July 9, 2013. The fee structure
was proposed for the Doe Mountain soft opening which allows
hiking and OHV beginning the week of November 4, 2013.
Adventure Tourism Activity Annual Pass Day Pass
ATV $60.00 $18.00
Bicycling $35.00 $5.00
Equestrian $35.00 $5.00
Hiker $25.00 $3.00
Non Paying User $0.00 $0.00
The OHV fee structure outlined above for Doe Mountain appears to
be arbitrary in nature and may be based on regional OHV, Mountain
Biking and Equestrian destinations. The planning team strongly
recommends a one size fits all strategy for every adventure tourism
user group on Doe Mountain. This recommendation allows for full
and unbiased development of each activity without giving precedent
to one user group over another. It also important to keep in mind
that each of the thirteen (13) user groups is consuming (at some level)
the amount of resources available for revenue generation during their
period on the mountain. The Doe Mountain Adventure Tourism
Destination has a capacity limit prior to eroding into the recreational
users experience and ultimately the resources of Doe Mountain. It
is best to develop and fee structure that takes market competition,
infrastructure and operating costs into account when finalizing the
daily user fee. The planning team is recommending one daily user
fee for all adventure tourism users accessing Doe Mountain.
The planning teams experience indicates the existing OHV day pass
at $18.00 to be reasonable when compared to other OHV parks.
However, the user fee should be based on amenities and the amount
of available trails in comparison to the regional parks and not just
the average daily fee. If a comparison strategy for developing fees
is to be used in the short term then an evaluation of parks with
comparable amenities and number of days of experience should be
undertaken by the DMRA.
The equestrian day pass shown above is half that of other regional
equestrian trail riding facilities. If the same comparison strategy
is used as may have been used to propose OHV facilities then the
equestrian day use pass should be reevaluated. If a comparison
strategy for developing fees is to be used in the short term then an
evaluation of parks with comparable amenities and number of days
of experience should be undertaken by the DMRA.
The bicycling day pass shown above is reasonable in comparison to
other regional facilities. This is in part to the majority of mountain
biking in Tennessee and the Doe Mountain region being free with
access to public lands. This issue raises the point that Doe Mountain
must have a unique experience that is challenging to succeed in a
market where there is an abundance of public access.
The hiking day pass shown above is supported by the User &
Economic Survey for the DMMP. Hiking is a low impact activity
that requires little infrastructure to develop and little investment to
undertake. Each development scenario proposed for Doe Mountain
takes into account the access and ability for hiking as an adventure
tourism activity. However, a hiker on Doe Mountain will be taking
up capacity within the mountain for activities that generate revenue.
In order to maintain hiking as adventure tourism activity the
planning team recommends approaching the hiker as a spectator. By
maintaining the hiker/spectator strategy the hiking user group shall
equally have developed trails and amenities that support hiking and
viewing of adventure tourism activities while on Doe Mountain.
The hiker should be assessed the same user fee as all other adventure
tourism activities on Doe Mountain.
The Doe Mountain Adventure Tourism, User & Economic Survey
received responses from user groups on the typical daily user fee
when visiting an outdoor recreation area. The chart is discussed
in greater detail in the market analysis section of this document.
The average user fee chart and illustrates the median daily fee for
those surveyed across all user groups is $15.00 with the average
across all user groups being $13.00. Although the planning team
recommends that a full understanding of startup and management
costs be undertaken through a business and operations plan we are
evaluating the direct and indirect impact of the park based on all
users paying a $15.00 user fee.
The planning team has been asked to recommend a daily use fee
for user groups of Doe Mountain at the present time. As previously
stated we do not recommend a daily use fee be set without a full
understanding of the startup and management costs for operating
Doe Mountain. The planning team feels the amenities and the
user experience that are currently available on Doe Mountain are
comparable to a daily use fee of $5.00 to $13.00 dollars.
H.6
Development Scenario 1
Cash Flow Projection
Total recreation area monthly
capacity is 3,051 users
Estimated Direct Economic
Impact based on full build out
$6,566,664.30
Estimated Indirect Economic Impact
based on full build out with a factor
of 1.95 is $6,238,331.08
Estimated Annual operating expenses
$2,101,050.00
Sample Monthly Cash Flow Projection, Develop Scenario 1
Doe Mountain Adventure Tourism Destination Monthly Capacity 3,051
(per day) x 20 days per month = 61,020 persons 3,051 6,102 18,306 24,408 30,510 36,612 36,612 30,510 24,408 24,408 18,306 12,204 265,437
5% 10% 30% 40% 50% 60% 60% 50% 40% 40% 30% 20%
Montly Maximum January February March April May June July August September October November December TOTAL
1 CASH ON HAND 1. CASH ON HAND
[Beginning of month] - (98,821) (121,363) 155,610 583,541 1,162,430 1,891,477 2,625,474 3,206,763 3,634,694 4,062,625 4,339,599
2. CASH RECEIPTS
(a) Cash Sales -
RV Sites 300 (sites) x $25.00 x 20(days) = $150,000.00 150,000.00 $ 7,500.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 45,000.00 $ 60,000.00 $ 75,000.00 $ 90,000.00 $ 90,000.00 $ 75,000.00 $ 60,000.00 $ 60,000.00 $ 45,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 652,500.00 $
Primitive Sites 413 (sites) x $10 00 x 20 = $82 600 00 82 600 00 $ 4 130 00 $ 8 260 00 $ 24 780 00 $ 33 040 00 $ 41 300 00 $ 49 560 00 $ 49 560 00 $ 41 300 00 $ 33 040 00 $ 33 040 00 $ 24 780 00 $ 16 520 00 $ 359 310 00 $ Primitive Sites 413 (sites) x $10.00 x 20 = $82,600.00 82,600.00 $ 4,130.00 $ 8,260.00 $ 24,780.00 $ 33,040.00 $ 41,300.00 $ 49,560.00 $ 49,560.00 $ 41,300.00 $ 33,040.00 $ 33,040.00 $ 24,780.00 $ 16,520.00 $ 359,310.00 $
Cabin Rentals 50 (Cabins) x $115.00 x 20(days) = $115,000.00 115,000.00 $ $5,750.00 11,500.00 $ 34,500.00 $ 46,000.00 $ 57,500.00 $ 69,000.00 $ 69,000.00 $ 57,500.00 $ 46,000.00 $ 46,000.00 $ 34,500.00 $ 23,000.00 $ 500,250.00 $
Resort Rentals 150 (Rooms) x $85.00.00 x 20(days) = $255,000.00 - $ - $
Pavilion Rentals 0 x 150.00 x 20 =$0,000.00 - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $
OHV Wash Area 1 x 348 (users) x 20 (days) x $3.00 = $20,880.00 20,880.00 $ 1,044.00 $ 2,088.00 $ 6,264.00 $ 8,352.00 $ 10,440.00 $ 12,528.00 $ 12,528.00 $ 10,440.00 $ 8,352.00 $ 8,352.00 $ 6,264.00 $ 4,176.00 $ 111,708.00 $
Horse Covered Stalls 691 (users) / 2 = 345 (users) (stalls) x 20 (days) x
.50% = x $15.00 = $51,750.00 51,750.00 $ 2,587.50 $ 5,175.00 $ 15,525.00 $ 20,700.00 $ 25,875.00 $ 31,050.00 $ 31,050.00 $ 25,875.00 $ 20,700.00 $ 20,700.00 $ 15,525.00 $ 10,350.00 $ 225,112.50 $
Horse Uncovered Stalls 4 (horses) x 86 (sites) = 345 (horses) x $8 00 x Horse Uncovered Stalls 4 (horses) x 86 (sites) = 345 (horses) x $8.00 x
20(days) x .50 = $27,600.00 27,600.00 $ $1,380.00 $2,760.00 $8,280.00 $11,040.00 $13,800.00 $16,560.00 $16,560.00 $13,800.00 $11,040.00 $11,040.00 $8,280.00 $5,520.00 $120,060.00
Concessions / Park Store 1 x 3,051 (users) x 20(days) x .30% x $8.00 =
$146,448.00 146,448.00 $ 7,322.40 $ 14,644.80 $ 43,934.40 $ 58,579.20 $ 73,224.00 $ 87,868.80 $ 87,868.80 $ 73,224.00 $ 58,579.20 $ 58,579.20 $ 43,934.40 $ 29,289.60 $ 637,048.80 $
Adventure Tourism Access Pass 1 x 3,051 (users) x 20(days) x 15.00 =
$915,300.00 915,300.00 $ 45,765.00 $ 91,530.00 $ 274,590.00 $ 366,120.00 $ 457,650.00 $ 549,180.00 $ 549,180.00 $ 457,650.00 $ 366,120.00 $ 366,120.00 $ 274,590.00 $ 183,060.00 $ 3,981,555.00 $
(b) Collections from Credit Accounts - $
(c) Loan or Other Cash Injection - $
3. TOTAL CASH RECEIPTS
[2a + 2b + 2c=3] - 75,478.90 $ 150,957.80 $ 452,873.40 $ 603,831.20 $ 754,789.00 $ 905,746.80 $ 905,746.80 $ 754,789.00 $ 603,831.20 $ 603,831.20 $ 452,873.40 $ 301,915.60 $ 6,566,664.30 $
4. TOTAL CASH AVAILABLE
[Before cash out] (1 + 3) - 75,478.90 $ 52,136.70 $ 331,510.10 $ 759,441.30 $ 1,338,330.30 $ 2,068,177.10 $ 2,797,223.90 $ 3,380,262.90 $ 3,810,594.10 $ 4,238,525.30 $ 4,515,498.70 $ 4,641,514.30 $
5 CASH PAID OUT 5. CASH PAID OUT
(a) Full Time Primary Staff (ratio of 1:500 persons at $5,000.00 each,
full benefits consisting of park rangers)(6 employees x $5,000.00 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 360,000
(a) Full Time Seconddary Staff (ratio of 1;300 persons at $3,000.00
each, full benefits, consisting of maintenance persons and each, full benefits, consisting of maintenance persons and
communications director)(10 employees x $3,000.00) 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 30,000.00 $ 360,000
(b) Part Time Staff ($800.00 per person at 80 hours per month) 800.00 $ - $ 2,400.00 $ 2,400.00 $ 2,400.00 $ 3,200.00 $ - $ - $ 2,400.00 $ 2,400.00 $ 2,400.00 $ 2,400.00 $ 20,800
(c) Covered Stall Maintenance 600.00 $ 600.00 $ 600.00 $ 600.00 $ 600.00 $ 600.00 $ 600.00 $ 600.00 $ 600.00 $ 600.00 $ 600.00 $ 600.00 $ 7,200
(d) Outside Services & Contracts 5,000.00 $ 5,000.00 $ 5,000.00 $ 5,000.00 $ 5,000.00 $ 5,000.00 $ 5,000.00 $ 5,000.00 $ 5,000.00 $ 5,000.00 $ 5,000.00 $ 5,000.00 $ 60,000
In House Repairs 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 24,000
(e) Supplies (Office and operating) 750.00 $ 750.00 $ 750.00 $ 750.00 $ 750.00 $ 750.00 $ 750.00 $ 750.00 $ 750.00 $ 750.00 $ 750.00 $ 750.00 $ 9,000
(f) Repairs and Maintenance 1,200.00 $ 1,200.00 $ 1,200.00 $ 1,200.00 $ 1,200.00 $ 1,200.00 $ 1,200.00 $ 1,200.00 $ 1,200.00 $ 1,200.00 $ 1,200.00 $ 1,200.00 $ 14,400
(g) Advertising 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 180,000
(h) Vehicles & Equipment 56,000.00 $ 56,000.00 $ 56,000.00 $ 56,000.00 $ 56,000.00 $ 56,000.00 $ 56,000.00 $ 56,000.00 $ 56,000.00 $ 56,000.00 $ 56,000.00 $ 56,000.00 $ 672,000
(i) Accounting and Legal 2,500.00 $ 2,500.00 $ 2,500.00 $ 2,500.00 $ 2,500.00 $ 2,500.00 $ 2,500.00 $ 2,500.00 $ 2,500.00 $ 2,500.00 $ 2,500.00 $ 2,500.00 $ 30,000
(j) Rent (j) Rent -
(k) Telephone & Additional Communications 1,600.00 $ 1,600.00 $ 1,600.00 $ 1,600.00 $ 1,600.00 $ 1,600.00 $ 1,600.00 $ 1,600.00 $ 1,600.00 $ 1,600.00 $ 1,600.00 $ 1,600.00 $ 19,200
(l) Utilities 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 36,000
(m) Insurance 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 240,000
(n) Trash Removal 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 36,000
Water & Sewer 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 10,200 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ ,
Misc. Expense 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 250.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 22,250
(o) Interest Expense (20 Yr) -
(p) Capital Amorization (20 Yr) -
-
( ) Mi ll [U ifi d] (q) Miscellaneous [Unspecified] -
(r) Subtotal - 174,300 173,500 175,900 175,900 175,900 176,700 171,750 173,500 175,900 175,900 175,900 175,900 2,101,050.00 $
(s) Loan Principal Payment -
(t) Capital Purchases [Specify] -
(u) Other Start-up Costs -
(v) Reserve and/or Escrow [Specify] (v) Reserve and/or Escrow [Specify] -
(w) Owner's Withdrawal -
6. TOTAL CASH PAID OUT
[Total 5a thru 5w] - 174,300 173,500 175,900 175,900 175,900 176,700 171,750 173,500 175,900 175,900 175,900 175,900 2,101,050.00 $
7. CASH POSITION
[End of month] (4 minus 6) - (98,821) (121,363) 155,610 583,541 1,162,430 1,891,477 2,625,474 3,206,763 3,634,694 4,062,625 4,339,599 4,465,614 [ ] ( ) ( , ) ( , ) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
ESSENTIAL OPERATING DATA
[Non-cash flow information]
A. Sales Volume [Dollars] -
B. Accounts Receivable [End of Month]
C. Bad Debt [End of Month] -
D. Inventory on Hand [End of Month]
E. Accounts Payable [End of Month]
F. Depreciation -
Cash Flow Projections
*When calculating Return On
Investment (ROI) the financial return
based on estimated infrastructure costs is
excessive unless the $8.6 million dollar
land purchase by the State of Tennessee
and The Nature Conservancy is taken
into account. There is not a direct
financial obligation by the DMRA to pay
back the property purchase. However, the
DMRA has an obligation to the State of
Tennessee and The Nature Conservancy
to generate a substantial environmental
and economic return on the property
purchase investment.
H.7
capacity is 3308 users
$8,033,031.90
of 1.95 is $7,631,380.31
Estimated Annual operating
expenses $2,197,050.00
5% 10% 30% 40% 50% 60% 60% 50% 40% 40% 30% 20%
1. CASH ON HAND
2. CASH RECEIPTS
(a) Cash Sales -
Primitive Sites 377 (sites) x $10.00 x 20 = $75,400.000 75,400.00 $ 3,770.00 $ 7,540.00 $ 22,620.00 $ 30,160.00 $ 37,700.00 $ 45,240.00 $ 45,240.00 $ 37,700.00 $ 30,160.00 $ 30,160.00 $ 22,620.00 $ 15,080.00 $ 327,990.00 $
Resort Rentals 150 (Rooms) x $85.00.00 x 20(days) = $255,000.00 255,000.00 $ $12,750.00 25,500.00 $ 76,500.00 $ 102,000.00 $ 127,500.00 $ 153,000.00 $ 153,000.00 $ 127,500.00 $ 102,000.00 $ 102,000.00 $ 76,500.00 $ 51,000.00 $ 1,364,250.00 $
.50% = x $15.00 = $58,650.00 58,650.00 $ 2,932.50 $ 5,865.00 $ 17,595.00 $ 23,460.00 $ 29,325.00 $ 35,190.00 $ 35,190.00 $ 29,325.00 $ 23,460.00 $ 23,460.00 $ 17,595.00 $ 11,730.00 $ 255,127.50 $
Horse Uncovered Stalls 4 (horses) x 98 (sites) = 391 (horses) x $8.00 x
20(days) x .50 = $31,280.00 31,280.00 $ $1,564.00 $3,128.00 $9,384.00 $12,512.00 $15,640.00 $18,768.00 $18,768.00 $15,640.00 $12,512.00 $12,512.00 $9,384.00 $6,256.00 $136,068.00
$158,784 158,784.00 $ 7,939.20 $ 15,878.40 $ 47,635.20 $ 63,513.60 $ 79,392.00 $ 95,270.40 $ 95,270.40 $ 79,392.00 $ 63,513.60 $ 63,513.60 $ 47,635.20 $ 31,756.80 $ 690,710.40 $
$992,400.00 992,400.00 $ 49,620.00 $ 99,240.00 $ 297,720.00 $ 396,960.00 $ 496,200.00 $ 595,440.00 $ 595,440.00 $ 496,200.00 $ 396,960.00 $ 396,960.00 $ 297,720.00 $ 198,480.00 $ 4,316,940.00 $
[2a + 2b + 2c=3] - 92,333.70 $ 184,667.40 $ 554,002.20 $ 738,669.60 $ 923,337.00 $ 1,108,004.40 $ 1,108,004.40 $ 923,337.00 $ 738,669.60 $ 738,669.60 $ 554,002.20 $ 369,334.80 $ 8,033,031.90 $
[Before cash out] (1 + 3) - 92,333.70 $ 94,701.10 $ 467,203.30 $ 1,021,972.90 $ 1,761,409.90 $ 2,685,514.30 $ 3,608,818.70 $ 4,352,405.70 $ 4,909,575.30 $ 5,464,344.90 $ 5,834,447.10 $ 6,019,881.90 $
5. CASH PAID OUT
each, full benefits, consisting of maintenance persons and
In House Repairs 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 24,000
(g) Advertising 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 180,000
(j) Rent -
(l) Utilities 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 36,000
(m) Insurance 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 240,000
(n) Trash Removal 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 36,000
Water & Sewer 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 10,200
Misc. Expense 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 250.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 22,250
-
(q) Miscellaneous [Unspecified] -
(r) Subtotal - 182,300 181,500 183,900 183,900 183,900 184,700 179,750 181,500 183,900 183,900 183,900 183,900 2,197,050.00 $
(v) Reserve and/or Escrow [Specify] -
[Total 5a thru 5w] - 182,300 181,500 183,900 183,900 183,900 184,700 179,750 181,500 183,900 183,900 183,900 183,900 2,197,050.00 $
7. CASH POSITION
[End of month] (4 minus 6) - (89,966) (86,799) 283,303 838,073 1,577,510 2,500,814 3,429,069 4,170,906 4,725,675 5,280,445 5,650,547 5,835,982
F. Depreciation -
H.8
capacity is 3308 users
$8,033,031.90
of 1.95 is $7,631,380.31
Estimated Annual operating expenses
$2,197,050.00
5% 10% 30% 40% 50% 60% 60% 50% 40% 40% 30% 20%
1. CASH ON HAND
2. CASH RECEIPTS
(a) Cash Sales -
Resort Rentals 150 (Rooms) x $85.00.00 x 20(days) = $255,000.00 255,000.00 $ $12,750.00 25,500.00 $ 76,500.00 $ 102,000.00 $ 127,500.00 $ 153,000.00 $ 153,000.00 $ 127,500.00 $ 102,000.00 $ 102,000.00 $ 76,500.00 $ 51,000.00 $ 1,364,250.00 $
.50% = x $15.00 = $58,650.00 58,650.00 $ 2,932.50 $ 5,865.00 $ 17,595.00 $ 23,460.00 $ 29,325.00 $ 35,190.00 $ 35,190.00 $ 29,325.00 $ 23,460.00 $ 23,460.00 $ 17,595.00 $ 11,730.00 $ 255,127.50 $
20(days) x .50 = $31,280.00 31,280.00 $ $1,564.00 $3,128.00 $9,384.00 $12,512.00 $15,640.00 $18,768.00 $18,768.00 $15,640.00 $12,512.00 $12,512.00 $9,384.00 $6,256.00 $136,068.00
$158,784 158,784.00 $ 7,939.20 $ 15,878.40 $ 47,635.20 $ 63,513.60 $ 79,392.00 $ 95,270.40 $ 95,270.40 $ 79,392.00 $ 63,513.60 $ 63,513.60 $ 47,635.20 $ 31,756.80 $ 690,710.40 $
$992,400.00 992,400.00 $ 49,620.00 $ 99,240.00 $ 297,720.00 $ 396,960.00 $ 496,200.00 $ 595,440.00 $ 595,440.00 $ 496,200.00 $ 396,960.00 $ 396,960.00 $ 297,720.00 $ 198,480.00 $ 4,316,940.00 $
[2a + 2b + 2c=3] - 92,333.70 $ 184,667.40 $ 554,002.20 $ 738,669.60 $ 923,337.00 $ 1,108,004.40 $ 1,108,004.40 $ 923,337.00 $ 738,669.60 $ 738,669.60 $ 554,002.20 $ 369,334.80 $ 8,033,031.90 $
[Before cash out] (1 + 3) - 92,333.70 $ 94,701.10 $ 467,203.30 $ 1,021,972.90 $ 1,761,409.90 $ 2,685,514.30 $ 3,608,818.70 $ 4,352,405.70 $ 4,909,575.30 $ 5,464,344.90 $ 5,834,447.10 $ 6,019,881.90 $
5. CASH PAID OUT
In House Repairs 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 24,000
(g) Advertising 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 180,000
(j) Rent -
(l) Utilities 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 36,000
(m) Insurance 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 240,000
(n) Trash Removal 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 36,000
Water & Sewer 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 10,200
Misc. Expense 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 250.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 22,250
-
(r) Subtotal - 182,300 181,500 183,900 183,900 183,900 184,700 179,750 181,500 183,900 183,900 183,900 183,900 2,197,050.00 $
[Total 5a thru 5w] - 182,300 181,500 183,900 183,900 183,900 184,700 179,750 181,500 183,900 183,900 183,900 183,900 2,197,050.00 $
7. CASH POSITION
F. Depreciation -
H.9
capacity is 2,790 users
$5,936,097.00
of 1.95 is $5,639,292.15
Estimated Annual operating
expenses $2,005,050.00
5% 10% 30% 40% 50% 60% 60% 50% 40% 40% 30% 20%
1. CASH ON HAND
2. CASH RECEIPTS
(a) Cash Sales -
Resort Rentals 150 (Rooms) x $85.00.00 x 20(days) = $255,000.00 - $ $0.00 - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $
.50% = x $15.00 = $40,500.00 40,500.00 $ 2,025.00 $ 4,050.00 $ 12,150.00 $ 16,200.00 $ 20,250.00 $ 24,300.00 $ 24,300.00 $ 20,250.00 $ 16,200.00 $ 16,200.00 $ 12,150.00 $ 8,100.00 $ 176,175.00 $
20(days) x .50 = $21,600.00 21,600.00 $ $1,080.00 $2,160.00 $6,480.00 $8,640.00 $10,800.00 $12,960.00 $12,960.00 $10,800.00 $8,640.00 $8,640.00 $6,480.00 $4,320.00 $93,960.00
$133,920.00 133,920.00 $ 6,696.00 $ 13,392.00 $ 40,176.00 $ 53,568.00 $ 66,960.00 $ 80,352.00 $ 80,352.00 $ 66,960.00 $ 53,568.00 $ 53,568.00 $ 40,176.00 $ 26,784.00 $ 582,552.00 $
$837,000.00 837,000.00 $ 41,850.00 $ 83,700.00 $ 251,100.00 $ 334,800.00 $ 418,500.00 $ 502,200.00 $ 502,200.00 $ 418,500.00 $ 334,800.00 $ 334,800.00 $ 251,100.00 $ 167,400.00 $ 3,640,950.00 $
[2a + 2b + 2c=3] - 68,231.00 $ 136,462.00 $ 409,386.00 $ 545,848.00 $ 682,310.00 $ 818,772.00 $ 818,772.00 $ 682,310.00 $ 545,848.00 $ 545,848.00 $ 409,386.00 $ 272,924.00 $ 5,936,097.00 $
[Before cash out] (1 + 3) - 68,231.00 $ 38,393.00 $ 282,279.00 $ 660,227.00 $ 1,174,637.00 $ 1,825,509.00 $ 2,475,581.00 $ 2,994,141.00 $ 3,374,489.00 $ 3,752,437.00 $ 3,993,923.00 $ 4,098,947.00 $
5. CASH PAID OUT
In House Repairs 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 24,000
(g) Advertising 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 180,000
(j) Rent -
(l) Utilities 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 36,000
(m) Insurance 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 240,000
(n) Trash Removal 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $ 36,000
Water & Sewer 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 850.00 $ 10,200
Misc. Expense 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 250.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 22,250
-
(r) Subtotal - 166,300 165,500 167,900 167,900 167,900 168,700 163,750 165,500 167,900 167,900 167,900 167,900 2,005,050.00 $
[Total 5a thru 5w] - 166,300 165,500 167,900 167,900 167,900 168,700 163,750 165,500 167,900 167,900 167,900 167,900 2,005,050.00 $
7. CASH POSITION
F. Depreciation -
H.10
Direct & Indirect Economic Impact
The direct economic impact of each of the four (4) development
scenarios is based around the following assumptions. First, the three
day experience for each user group determines the total acreage or
miles of trails needed for that user group. Then the capacity for the
trail system for a particular user group is established per mile of trail
system. A combined number of users is set for the total recreation
area. This monthly recreation user amount is inserted in to the cash
flow projections shown for scenario 1 through 4.
The direct economic impact for the scenarios is estimated to be
between 6 million and 8 million dollars annually. A conservative
indirect factor of 1.95 has been applied to the direct impact revenues
to calculate the indirect benefit. Thus, for every dollar of direct
expenditure for Doe Mountain, an additional $0.95 cents may be
generated throughout the state and/or region. The estimated indirect
impacts associated with the proposed Doe Mountain Development
Scenarios range from 5 million to 7.5 million dollars.
Forest Management
Doe Mountain has significant forestry resources that are proposed
leveraging for adventure tourism recreation. In addition, the DMRA
should establish a timber harvesting strategy that compliments
the overall goals and objectives identified during the community
engagement process. The DMRA should undertake a Timber
Inventory & Appraisal analysis of the entire 8,600 acres and a plan
for sustainable harvesting of the timer. A careful balance of timber
extraction should take place in order to maintain user group
expectations and the Doe Mountain authentic experience. The
planning team is aware of tracts in similar terrain as Doe Mountain
yielding in the $400.00 plus per acre range.
Carbon Sequestration & Carbon Banking
Although relatively new as an opportunity for revenue generation
and conservation carbon sequestration holds opportunity for Doe
Mountain as a conservation driven and business oriented entity.
Traditional carbon markets are based on the Cap and Trade system
where a market based cap or upper limit is placed on the amount
of carbon dioxide that may be emitted by an entity. (Forest Carbon
Strategies in Climate Change Mitigation, The Nature Conservancy
2009). Examples of such entities include utility companies and
manufacturers. A regulating body issues a set amount of shares that
are equal to the cap. The shares are distributed to the aforementioned
entities by auction or direct receipt. In order for an entity to expand
its emissions capacity beyond is direct or purchases shares it must by
more emissions credits or reduce its emissions within its supply chain.
Carbon sequestration focuses on large tracts of timber with often one
time payments to eliminate or drastically reduce the amount of timber
being harvested. The timber tract is then held as a permanent store
of carbon with a single payment to the forest owner. The difficulty
here is that only large timber holdings are often considered and
causes limited participation by forest owners. The Carbon Banking
system requires carbon sequestration but modifies the time period
for maintaining the forest as a permanent store of carbon and adjusts
the payments to annual payments rather than a onetime lump sum.
Entities that need carbon offsets due to the Cap & Trade system are
able to borrow carbon by making an annual payment to the carbon
bank. So the forest owner receives an annual payment for an annual
preservation of forest and the regulated entity like a power company
makes an annual payment to the carbon bank.
The Nature Conservancy outlines three types of forest carbon
management activities. These include Reducing Emissions
from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD). Improved Forest
Management (IFM), and Afforestation/Reforestation (A/R). Each
of these strategies can play a role in the early development of Doe
Mountain as well as during full operations. Further analysis should
be undertaken to understand the benefits of Carbon Banking to the
project. In addition, the planning team recommends evaluation of a
strategy that generates revenue through carbon banking immediately
and evolves on an annual or periodic basis as adventure tourism
activities are developed.
Hunting
In the short term, hunting provides recreational opportunities and
economic impact to Doe Mountain. Hunting, like carbon banking,
should be evaluated in periodic process, and may be phased out as
additional adventure tourism activities are added to the mountain.
At the point full build out, hunting should be eliminated from the
mountain. Prior to full build-out, hunting offers revenue generating
opportunities.
Traditional Real Estate Development as
Economic Potential
Doe Mountain has a history of traditional real-estate development
that has failed for numerous reasons. These include lack of market
support, holding cost of the Doe Mountain tract, adjacent property
uses and access and fundamental infrastructure for project viability. It
may be that the traditional residential market for Doe Mountain does
not exist without substantial amenities and supporting infrastructure.
Residential amenities and infrastructure raise the holding costs of the
developer that include the land and cause the return on investment
to be pushed beyond what the market capitalization rate can bare.
The viability of market rate rental and owner occupied residential
and vacation units may exist within the development of Doe
Mountain as an adventure tourism destination. The supporting
infrastructure and amenities that come with adventure tourism may
reduce costs and raise market viability to a point that public and
private partnerships may be formed. It is not within the scope of
this plan to fully evaluate real-estate development opportunities
for the mountain. However, the planning team recommends that
considerations in future updates of the DMMP take into account
rental and owner occupied development opportunities.
Operating Budget Evaluation
The Doe Mountain startup costs and infrastructure improvements
vary dramatically based on the development scenario being proposed.
Each development scenario in the Development Opportunities
section of this document has an accompanying construction cost for
the primary user groups proposed for Doe Mountain. In addition,
each development scenario has an accompanying cash flow projection
that undertakes an analysis of potential revenues as well as possible
expenses associated with operating that particular development
scenario. The estimates for operating Doe Mountain within a full
build out scenario range from 2 million to 2.2 million annually.
H.11
Coordination & Partners
Partnerships for the Doe Mountain Recreation Area and the DMRA
are clearly stated in the DMRA enabling legislation. As an adventure
tourism business the public body of the DMRA will require strong
private sector partnerships and business savvy to achieve the project
objectives. In the words of Franklin D. Roosevelt on the development
of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) the DMRA is clothed with
the power of Government but possess the flexibility and initiative
of a private enterprise. We hope the DMRA will learn from the
strong success of TVA while looking to the conservation mandate
and economic opportunities of the DMRA as strength and an asset.
Partnerships for the DMRA and Doe Mountain are discussed in the
promoting the adventure tourism resources section of this chapter.
Those partnerships are County Visitors Bureaus, County Chamber
of Commerce, State of Tennessee, Media, Influential individuals,
Influential businesses, conservation entities, adventure tourism
activity equipment providers, recreational user group organizations
and local government leaders.
Adaptive Management & Coordination
The Doe Mountain Management Plan development proposals
contain four scenarios and one do nothing option that analyzes
the existing conditions based on National Resource Conservation
Service recreational standards. Developments Scenario One through
Development Scenario Three are proposed by the planning team to
meet the DMRA requests for adventure tourism master planning.
In addition, these three primary development scenarios implement
the DMRA enabling legislation for developing Doe Mountain as an
adventure tourism destination and the DMRA to be an adventure
tourism business.
In order to develop Doe Mountain the project will require a
phasing strategy for implementation of infrastructure and recreation
amenities. The planning team recommends the DMRA consider
beginning implementation efforts based on the Development
Scenario 1 strategies and gradually move into Development
Scenario Two and then towards full build out of the project during
Development Scenario Three. Currently Development Scenario
One offers a modified user activity layout in comparison to scenario
2 and scenario 3. In addition, Scenario 1 has various access points to
enter into Doe Mountain based on existing access to the tract. The
user group scenario layout for scenario one will need to be revised
prior to plan adoption in order to follow the scenario phasing
strategy. In addition, in Development Scenario Two the project
locates the proposed resort style hotel in the Harbin Hill access.
However, in Development Scenario Three the resort style hotel is
proposed to be located on the southern edge of Doe Mountain and
connecting directly to the OHV access area. In order to pursue a
phasing strategy for the project it is recommended that the DMRA
and the planning team resolve the final user group layout to match
scenario 2 and locate the proposed resort style development site.
These revisions will allow for Development Scenario one to become
a starting point for implementation and as opportunities, growth and
funding arise the other phases may be undertaken.
Plan Maintenance & Plan Updates
The DMRA enabling legislation requires that at the initial meeting
of the DMRA board the board and The Nature Conservancy shall
undertake a written management plan for the authority. This plan is
to be developed and implemented with biennial review and updates
as necessary.
It is recommended that the update and biennial review of the Doe
Mountain Management Plan be followed as required by the state
legislature. The planning team recommends a major community
engagement and plan review every three to five years. The biennial
updates will allow for minor revisions and opportunities while
the major five year review and community engagement process
undertakes substantial shifts in the objectives for Doe Mountain.
H.12
S u s t a i n a bl e De s i g n Gu i d e l i n e s
www. f a r me r mor g a n. c om
Nas hvi l l e, Tennes s ee Pi kevi l l e, Tennes s ee Tus cumbi a, Al abama
EQU E S T R I A N
1. Trail alignment angle should be above 68
degrees to prevent trail erosion.
2. Trail slope should be less than 10%.
3. Avoid concave and low areas that do not divert
water.
4. Bridge or stabilize water crossings.
5. Contain trail users to designated trails to
prevent braided trail treads.
6. Plan separate trails for equestrians to prevent
manure from causing problems with other
users
7. Provide separate equestrian-only parking so
others wont have to park near animal waste.
8. Locate corrals and tethering areas away from
water sources.
9. Provide convenient structures for sanitary
manure disposal.
10. Evaluate trail soils and vegetation for
vulnerability to damage or disruption.
11. Locate hitch rails, horse areas, pull-ofs, and
viewing areas away from fragile soils and
vegetation.
Sources:
Tabor, Nathan Kyle, Kathleen M.Trauth, Ph.D.,
P.E., and George W. Hartman. Equestrian Trail
Guidelines for Construction and Maintenance.
Jeferson City: Conservation Commission of
the State of Missouri, 2007. 23. Print. <www.
missouriconservation.org>.
Hancock, Jan ;Vander Hoek, Kim K. Jones;
Bradshaw, Sunni; Cofman, James D.; Engelmann,
Jefrey. 2007. Equestrian Design Guidebook
for Trails, Trailheads, and Campgrounds.
0723 2816. Missoula, MT: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Missoula Technology
and Development Center. 312 p.
1. Minimize the likelihood of unstable cut and/
or fll slopes.
Design trails to cross slopes rather than
going straight up the slope.
Grade should never exceed 50% of the
cross slope of the area being crossed.
2. Eliminate any excess water runof due to
construction
3. Use track surfacing materials that minimize
trail dust and erosion
4. Provide adequate drainage to minimize trail
washouts.
5. Install erosion and sediment control measures
to control runof.
6. Keep vehicles out of restricted natural areas
and wetlands.
Avoid wet or boggy areas whenever
possible.
When necessary to cross wet areas,
construct a suitable structure to avoid
land disturbance.
7. Maintain a bufer between trails and streams
unless a crossing the stream is necessary.
Locate stream crossings where the
stream bottom is solid, stable or
modifed to support the expected uses.
When crossings cannot be stabilized,
streams should be bridged.
8. Set aside natural habitat areas with minimal
access for interpretive touring.
9. When necessary, fence critical areas and
provide signage to build awareness.
Sources:
Fogg, FASLA, George E. Park Guidelines for
OHVs: A Resource Guide to Assist in the Planning,
Development, Enhancement, and Operation of OHV
Recreation Facilities. National Of Highway Vehicle
Conservation Council, 2002. 68-71. Print.
Crimmins,Tom M. Management Guidelines for Of
Highway Vehicle Recreation. National Of Highway
Vehicle Conservation Council, 2006. 33-35. Print.
OF F HI G H WAY VE H I C L E S
Sustainable Design Guidelines
Images: Doe Mountain Management Plan
(Document, 2013: Will Hargrove)
The four (4) examples of sustainable design
guidelines shown here should be completed for
each adventure tourism activity proposed for
Doe Mountain. The criteria for an activity to
be sustainable should encompass ecotourism
components while reducing or removing consumption
of the natural resources.
H.13
1. Consider trails as corridors with a 100 swath
of impact on each side.
2. Design trails to discourage unwanted
diversions of the trail surface.
3. Provide bufer zones between the trail edge
and sensitive areas.
4. Provide informational and interpretive signage
to educate users about wildlife values of the
corridor.
5. Choose a trail surface that has minimal
environmental impact.
6. Minimize vegetation removal and soil erosion.
7. Locate high-activity areas away from sensitive
areas.
8. Promote the preservation and restoration of
natural and native landscapes along the trail
edges.
Sources:
Flink, Charles A., Kristine Olka, and Robert M.
Searns. Trails for the Twenty-First Century: Planning,
Design, and Management Manual for Multi-Use Trails.
2nd.Washington: Island Press, 2001. 103-105.
Print.
HI K I N G
MO U N TA I N BI K I N G
1. Avoid sensitive ecological areas
2. Develop trails in areas already infuenced by
human activity
3. Provide bufers to protect sensitive ecological
and hydrologic systems
4. Develop appropriately when trails do intersect
with sensitive areas
5. Use natural infltration and best practices for
stormwater management
6. Limit tread erosion through design and
construction
7. Provide ongoing stewardship of the trails
8. Formally decommission and restore
unsustainable trail corridors
Source:
State of Massachusetts. Department of
Conservation and Recreation. Trails Guidelines and
Best Practices Manual. 2010. Print. <http://atfles.
org/fles/pdf/MAtrailguidelines.pdf>.
Images: Doe Mountain Management Plan
(Document, 2013: Will Hargrove)
The four (4) examples of sustainable design
guidelines shown here should be completed for
each adventure tourism activity proposed for
Doe Mountain. The criteria for an activity to
be sustainable should encompass ecotourism
components while reducing or removing consumption
of the natural resources.
Management Plan
I
Appendi x
Sect i on
appendices
Appe ndi c e s
I.2
Appendix 1 - Visioning Maps
Appendices
Appe ndi c e s
I.3
appendices
Appe ndi c e s
I.4
Appendices
Appe ndi c e s
I.5
appendices
Appe ndi c e s
I.6
Appendices
Appe ndi c e s
I.7
appendices
Appe ndi c e s
I.8
Appendices
Appe ndi c e s
I.9
F a r m e r
Mo r g a n
Dr xo r : r n i c s Pr r o r +
Soci :i, Housi x, Lcoxoxi cs, x Coxsuxrr Lxrrxii+urrs
Holy Hill
Doe Creek
Bird Knob
Shady Gap
Cave Ridge
Ward Ridge
Buck Ridge
Shoun Mine
Peak Ridge
Mill Creek
Dry Branch
Brush Fork
Bakers Gap
Town Creek
Owl Hollow
Creek Ridge Cook Hollow
Clyde Ridge
Andy Branch
Gentry Mine
Gentry Mine
Lunt Branch
Key Station
Katy Branch
Goose Creek
Forge Creek
Fall Branch
Fall Branch
Shaw Branch
Moore Ridge
Mack Branch
Horn Branch
Colorado Gap
Chimney Rock
Drake Branch
Walker Ridge
Boone Branch
Berry Branch
Spice Branch
Spear Branch Shoun Branch
Sweet Hollow
Haskell Mine
Reese Branch
Mains Branch
James Branch
Doe Mountain
Berea Church
Welch Hollow
Vaught Creek
Stout Branch
Stout Branch
Smith Branch
Slimp Branch
Hopper Creek
Avery Branch
Stout Branch
Polly Branch Charley Ridge
Dugger Branch
Bulldog Creek
Spruce Branch
Sidney Branch
Arnold Hollow
Dowell Quarry
Dugger Hollow
Campbell Mine
Bulldog Creek
Roaring Creek
Rainbow Ridge
Potter Hollow
Pine Mountain
Laurel Branch
Howard Hollow
Harbin Branch
Furnace Creek
Furnace Creek
Cabbage Creek
Bryant Hollow
Arnold Branch
Vaught Branch
Snider Hollow
McEwen Branch
Sink Mountain
Lowe Prospect
Bethel Church
Potter Hollow
Laws Cemetery
Howard Branch
Campbell Creek
Timothy Branch
Stout Cemetery
White Prospect
Stout Prospect
Johnson County
Lumpkin Branch
Johnson Hollow
Johnson Chapel
Crooked Branch
Chestnut Ridge
Wildcat Hollow
Wallace Hollow
Wallace Branch
Stalcup Branch
Merry Mountain
Johnson Hollow
Campbell Hollow
Williams Island
Slabtown Branch
Wilson Prospect
Shouns Prospect
Flint Knob Mine
Brownlow School
Big Sandy Creek
Wilson Cemetery
Triplett Hollow
Bee Cove Branch
Doe Valley Mine
Damascus Church
Robinson Hollow
Morley Cemetery
Morfield Branch
Wilson Hill Mine
Yellow HIll Mine
Reservoir Branch
Rainbow Mountain
Evergreen Church
Christian Branch
Stalcup Prospect
Profitt Prospect
Doe Valley Church
Campbell Cemetery
Phillips Prospect
Roan Creek Church
Rhinestone Branch Pine Grove Church
Woods Hill Church
Pandora Prospects
Little Doe Church
Dyson Grove Church
Burnt Spring Ridge
Trout Belly Spring
Center View Church
Grindstaff Prospect
Mount Carmel Church
Grindstaff Cemetery
Little Mountain Mine
Pleasant View Church
Shouns Chapel School
Town of Mountain City
James Branch Prospect
East Fork Lunt Branch
East Fork Fall Branch
West Fork Lunt Branch
West Fork Fall Branch
Spice Branch Prospect
Spear Branch Prospect
Old Doe Lookout Tower
Doe Elementary School
Neva Elementary School
Cabbage Creek Prospect
Johnson County Airport
Commissioner District 7
Rhea Forge (historical)
East Fork Laurel Branch
East Fork Dugger Branch
West Fork Laurel Branch
West Fork Dugger Branch
Sink Moountain Prospect
Kettlefoot Lookout Tower
Shouns Elementary School
East Fork Slabtown Branch West Fork Slabtown Branch
Woods School (historical)
Dewey School (historical)
Fritz School (historical)
Neva Division (historical)
Wagner School (historical)
Johnson County High School
Bethel School (historical)
Walnut Grove Baptist Church
Wallace School (historical)
Rainbow School (historical)
Butler Division (historical)
Johnson County Middle School
Doeville School (historical)
Mountain City Fire Department
Doughertys Forge (historical)
Pleasant Grove Baptist Church
Neva Volunteer Fire Department
Pine Grove School (historical)
Doe Valley School (historical)
Trade Volunteer Fire Department
Pioneer Village Shopping Center
Mountain City Elementary School
Mount Vernon Church (historical)
Johnson County Community Hospital
Mountain City First Baptist Church
Daniels Chapel School (historical)
Mountain City Division (historical)
Doe Valley Volunteer Fire Department
Johnson County Comprehensive Vocational School
B&B
Bar
Hotel
Restaurant
Restaurant
Restaurants
Watauga Lake
Restaurant (Thai)
Airport - Johnson County
Restaurants and Grocery Store
Convenience Store with Grille
Convenience Store (Packaged Goods)
Fishing - Doe Creek Fishing Access Area
Hotel - Doe Mountain Inn (Not operating?)
Outfitter - Mountain CIty Cycles Suzuki Dealership
State Hwy 67
State Hwy 167
Roan Creek Rd
W Main St
US Hwy 421
State Hwy 34
Doe Valley Rd
State Hwy 91
Forge Creek Rd
Doe Creek Rd
S Shady St
Shady St
N Church St
Hwy 67 W
Antioch Rd
N Shady St
Hwy 67W
State Hwy 67
State Hwy 167
US Hwy 421
Shady St
Hwy 67 W
Hwy 67 W
Hwy 67 W
Doe Creek
Andy Branch
Campbell Creek
Hopper Creek
Cabbage Creek
Stout Branch
Roan Creek
Slimp Branch
Vaught Creek
James Branch
Harbin Branch
Mack Branch
Berry Branch
Spruce Branch
Big Sandy Creek
Spice Branch
Fall Branch
Crooked Branch
Reese Branch
Timothy Branch
Roaring Creek
Morfield Branch
Stalcup Branch
Boone Branch
Shoun Branch
Katy Branch
Bee Cove Branch
Sidney Branch
Forge Creek
Mill Creek
Vaught Branch
Christian Branch
Lunt Branch
Cold Branch
Muddy Branch
Horn Branch Shaw Branch
Dry Branch
Howard Branch
Polly Branch
Furnace Creek
East Fork Fall Branch
Smith Branch
Dugger Branch
Laurel Branch
Arnold Branch
West Fork Slabtown Branch
East Fork Dugger Branch
Little Dry Run
No Name Branch Creek
East Fork Lunt Branch
Mains Branch
Sink Branch
East Fork Laurel Branch
Wallace Branch
West Fork Fall Branch
Doe Creek Branch
Stout Branch
Vaught Creek
Roan Creek
Stout Branch
Doe Creek
Furnace Creek
R o a n C r e e k
Spruce Branch
No Name Branch Creek
Roan Creek
Roan Creek
Slimp Branch
Vaught Creek
Mill Creek
Neva
Heath
Sandy
Midway
Shouns
Maymead
Pandora
Doeville
Damascus
Holy Hill
Little Doe
Mill Creek
Crackers Neck
Mountain City
State Hwy 67
State Hwy 167
Roan Creek Rd
W Main St
US Hwy 421
State Hwy 34
Campbell Rd
Forge Creek Rd
Sprucey Ln
Fire Tower Rd
Dug Hill Rd
Cross Mountain Rd
Simcox Rd
Antioch Rd
Laurel Rd
Forge Rd
S Shady St
Crackers Neck Rd
Pleasant Valley Rd
Miller Rd
Stout Branch Rd
Harbin Hill Rd
Sink Valley Rd
Cenhour Rd
Crossroads Dr
A Davis Ln
Swift Hollow Rd
Rhea Rd
Old Hwy 67
Slabtown Rd
Mill Creek Rd
Rainbow Rd
Shady Ln
J Shoun Rd Burley Shouns Ln
Mining Town Rd
Dillon Rd
Old Stage Rd
Slimp Branch Rd
Moretz Rd
Ed Potter Rd
Spear Branch Rd
Sundown Rd
Stout Rd
Canter Rd
Triplette Rd
Robinson Hollow Ln
Noah Snyder Rd
Sprucey Ridge
Campbell Hollow Ln
Henry Stout Branch Rd
Shoun St
Mack Branch Rd
Swift Hollow Ln
Ivy Wood Ln
Williams Ln
Airport Rd
Gate Hollow Rd
Lumpkin Branch Rd
Pierce Rd
Vaughts Gap Rd
Crowder Rd
Callalantee Dr
McEwen Rd
Blant Rd
Sage Valley Cir
Sawmill Ln
Cotton Ln
Iron Mountain Trl
Doe Mountain Ln
Maple Rd Grover Reece Rd
Wallace Rd
Rd Campbell Rd
Adams Rd
Pine Crest St
T Snyder Ln
Clarence Stout Ln
Roan Valley Dr
Pedro Shouns Ln
Morfly Rd
Collins Dr
Bulldog Rd
Pine Orchard Rd
Industrial Dr
Cherokee Dr
Hillside Rd
Doeville Rd
Anderson Dr
Leason Gregg Rd
Arnold Town Rd
Jackson Ln
Pandora Fork Rd
Eller Rd
Arney Ln
Oak St
McEwen Bridge Ln
Arnold Rd
Eldridge Ln
Ivy St
Rhea Ln
Rabbit Hollow Ln
Browns Ridge Ln
Mohawk Ct
Old Wood Ln
H a n c o c k R dMohawk Dr
Culberson Ln
Dotson Ln
Little Dry Run Rd
Mae Tester Ln
Clarence Potter Rd
Sunrise Ln
Potter Ln
Wells Rd
Holy Hill Rd
Oakwood Ln
Frank Shupe Ln
Mine Ridge Rd
Parkservice Rd
Shupe Hollow Rd
Hickory Dr
Seminole Dr
Flat Ln
Br Ward Ln
Harbin Dr
Cedar St
Fred Price Rd
Hemlock St
Jordan Ln
Hammond Ln
Shaw Ward Rd
K Brown Ln
Mining Ridge Rd
Gate Hollow
Pine Ridge
Adams Ln
Hillmore Dr
Kay Brown Ln
K and R Rd
Ww Vaught Ln
J John Rd
Old Doe Rd
Snyder Rd
Oak Hills Ln
Wilson Ln
Running Bare
E g g e r s L n
Sarah Dr
B R Ward Ln
Pedro Shoun Ln
Hiawatha Dr
Holbrook Ln
Apache Trl
D Dowell Ln
Mountain Laurel Ct
Hawkins Ln
Sunrise Rd
Dr Taylor Ln
J Dowell Ln
Pardue Ln
Margaret St
Dowell Loop
Dotson Rd
Ridge
Putman Ln
Eggers Rd
Doeville Rd
Pine Orchard Rd
Slabtown Rd
Crowder Rd
Callalantee Dr
Pedro Shouns Ln
Gate Hollow Rd
Seminole Dr
Forge Rd
Slabtown Rd
Mining Town Rd
Sprucey Ln
Mae Tester Ln
Doe Creek
Roan Creek
Andy Branch
Campbell Creek
Stout Branch
Hopper Creek Cabbage Creek
Slimp Branch
Vaught Creek
James Branch
Berry Branch
Harbin Branch
Mack Branch
Genevieve
Spruce Branch
Big Sandy Creek
Spice Branch
Fall Branch
Timothy Branch
Reese Branch
Morfield Branch
Lunt Branch
Stalcup Branch
Boone Branch
Shoun Branch
Katy Branch
Bee Cove Branch
Fork Fall Branch
Mill Creek
Vaught Branch
Christian Branch UnKnown Water
Forge Creek
Cold Branch
Horn Branch
Dry Branch
Shaw Branch
Polly Branch
Fork Laurel Branch
Fork Slabtown Branch
Arney Branch
Grover Reece
Fork Furnace Creek
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
Roan Creek
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
Fork Fall Branch
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
Vaught Creek
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
Stout Branch
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water Stout Branch
UnKnown Water
U n K n o w n W a t e r
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
UnKnown Water
1
21
15
24
23
14
26
10
28
17
16
11 115
12
117
526
20
27
111
326
226
112
128
121
426
26/28
private
21/23
25
126
123
relic
20S
116
321
29
18 19
relics
13
24S
relic
private
relic
15
private relic
private
0 5,000 10,000 2,500
Feet
F a r m e r
Mo r g a n
A dv e n t u r e To u r i s m
Us e r E c o n o m i c s S u rv e y Re p o r t
Appendices 2 & 3 - Demographics Report & User Economics Survey Report
Left: Doe Mountain Management Plan Demo-
graphics Report
(Document, 2013: The Shopping Center Group &
Will Hargrove)
** See attached document
Right: Doe Mountain Management Plan User
Economics Survey Report
(Document, 2013: Dan Reese, Ben Farmer & Will
Hargrove)
** See attached document
appendices
Appe ndi c e s
I.10
Doe Mountain Botanical Survey First Season Report - November 2013 F. Levy and A. McCullough
1
Doe Mountain Recreation Area
Botanical Inventory and Community Analysis - First Season Report
Foster Levy and Adam McCullough - ETSU
1 November 2013

Scope of the Report
In this first season of inventory, the vast majority of field work was concentrated on the
northern portion of the DMRA and the comments that follow are primarily restricted to
observations in that region.

I. Site Overview
The Doe Mountain Recreation Area (DMRA) is largely comprised of upland mixed
deciduous forest. Level areas are scarce and limited in extent, but where they occur, some
support noteworthy plant species. In the interior, few natural openings occur except for recently
burned sites of limited extent, dry ridges dominated by pitch pine, and the large Chimney Rock
outcrop. Anthropogenic openings are most prevalent around the periphery but also include
corridors of the widespread road system, the powerline corridor on the west side, the immediate
vicinity of the fire tower, and the area that was prepared for development. Despite these
openings, most of the acreage consists of full canopy forest with trees averaging 8 - 20
diameter at breast height with estimated ages of from 40 - 150 years.

II. Community Descriptions
Mix Oak Forests - Mixed oak forest dominates the largest portion of the site. Elevations
are not high enough to support the northern hardwood association or spruce-fir forests. On drier
south-facing slopes and upper slopes, the mix oak community is dominated by chestnut oak with
scarlet oak, red maple, sour gum, sourwood, pignut and bitternut hickory. In the understory,
chestnut sprouts may be abundant along with ericaceous shrubs that include a mix of blueberry
species, huckleberry, fetterbush, and flame azalea.

The herbaceous layer tends to have an abundance of chestnut oak seedlings and bracken
fern clones but it is otherwise depauperate of species. In many areas, the number of herbaceous
species is strikingly low. Much of the DMRA is noteworthy for what appears to be absent for
forests with this level of maturity and apparent lack of recent disturbance. Most of the early
spring species, i.e., spring wildflowers, are absent; graminoid species are relatively few,
especially woodland sedges; the number of pteridophyte species is low; and the numbers of
autumn blooming forest-associated asters and goldenrods is limited.

Mesophytic Forests - There is scant evidence of characteristic mixed mesophytic forest,
i.e., dominated by sugar maple, yellow buckeye, and basswood. However, tulip poplar can be
prevalent in moister and lower slope sites. Most streamside sites show an exceptionally rapid
transition to the mixed oak community; this transition can occur within a meter of a small
stream. Consequently, riparian zones and the characteristic flora associated with them are absent
2
from all but a few areas. Some mid-slope sites support a mix of large sour gum, Fraser
magnolia, and red maple -- this forest type is present along Trail 21 (approx. 0.5 mi northwest of
Trail 121) and just west of Bear Crossing along Trail 26. A mesic forest dominated by tulip
poplar occurs downslope of Trail 15 on a west-facing slope (approx. 0.75 northeast of Trail 1).
At this site, on the ridge there was a Yonahlassee salamander.

Hemlock Dominated Forest - Some areas are dominated by hemlock, especially the
lowlands east of the Harbin Hill entrance and slope along Morfield Branch. Hemlock may also
occur as a component of moister upland forests in mixture with red oak, tulip poplar, and Fraser
magnolia. At all sites, hemlocks of all sizes are in poor condition or dead as a result of
infestation by the hemlock woolly adelgid. There are no sites that appear healthy enough where
treatment would be effective at this time. These sites will experience tree falls, canopy openings,
and succession.

Pitch Pine Ridge Forest - On dry ridges, pitch pine occurs as a dominant with red maple,
sourwood, and scarlet and chestnut oaks. The understory consists of an abundance of mixed
ericaceous species with American chestnut sprouts and chinquapin. Galax and bracken fern may
both form extensive colonies in the herbaceous layer. Noteworthy examples can be found on the
ridge associated with Chimney Rocks and the ridge trending south along Trail 1 from the Fire
Tower. The latter site supports populations of Lechea racemulosa and the native small shrub
Robinia. The species identity of the latter is difficult as the plants failed to flower--this is not
uncommon in a group where triploids and apomixis are known.

Lowlands/Wetlands - Wetlands are quite limited in number and extent throughout the
DMRA but of extreme botanical interest where they occur. Sphagnum seeps can be found in
scattered locales but some have been degraded by vehicle traffic.

Riparian Zones - Small state-owned areas border Roan Creek at the mouth of Morfield
Branch and along Doe Creek downslope from the roadside picnic table in Doeville. The Roan
Creek site is floristically diverse and has at least one butternut tree, a State Threatened species.
The Doe Creek area has not been inventoried as it was only recently noted by us to be part of the
state property.

III. Noteworthy Habitats and Recommendations
A. Morfield Branch Wetland - The most floristically diverse area is the open wetland at
the mouth of Morfield Branch where there is a population of the state endangered skunk
cabbage. The site is species rich with very many of the species found here not found elsewhere
on the DMRA. Unfortunately, a traffic accident impacted the site in the late summer of 2013.
Recommendation: Provide the highest level of protection for the site. If possible,
manually remove or cut back the exotic privet but with care to preserve the native species. With
diverse wetland species along the wet roadside, limit mowing to late in the fall to allow for seed
dispersal.

B. Miningtown Seep - This seep is located north of Miningtown Road along Trail 17. It
is a wet year-round seep of less than 0.1 acre in extent that may be the site of an old manganese
Report:
Doe Mountain Recreation Area Botanical
Inventory and Community Analysis -
First Season Report
(Document, November 1, 2013: Foster Levy
& Adam McCullough - East Tennessee State
University)
Appendix 3 - DMRA Botanical Inventory & Community Analysis
Appendices
Appe ndi c e s
I.11
3
mine. A population of Lycopodiella inundatum occurs here, a species new to Tennessee and
disjunct from the main range in the northeastern U.S. and Canada.
Recommendation: This site should receive the highest priority for protection. A road
adjoins the margin of the site. Moving the road and blocking access to the site with no impact to
water flow is most desirable.

C. Harbin Hill Seep - Located along Trail 1 (approximately 0.75 southeast of Harbin
Hill entrance), this sphagnum seep flows into a wetland complex that includes a population of
umbrella magnolia, Rhynchospora capitalata, Lycopodium tristachyium, and Viburnum
carolinianum, a species whose nearest stations in Tennessee are in the Smoky Mountains region.
Recommendation: Protect the drainage pattern to maintain the wetland and the
noteworthy species.

D. Dry Roadside Bank - Located along Trail 1 approximately 0.25 southwest of the
Trail 1 junction with Trail 21/23. The site is a roadside bank the supports a small population of
Liatris virgatum, a species new to Tennessee. Several other species characteristic of dry forest
openings are found here. Additional similar habitat was not found on the slope above the road
bank.
Recommendation: Afford this site the highest level of protection. Minimize road work
and eliminate mowing or trimming the roadside bank.

E. Chimney Rocks - An outcrop system that is part of a dry ridge. Noteworthy species
include Carex umbellata and Asplenium montanum. There is the potential for other outcrop-
associated species.
Recommendation: Minimize disturbance of vegetated regions around the outcrops.

F. Powerline Corridor - The powerline corridor is a species diverse habitat within
DMRA. It supports a very large and widespread population of the State Threatened species,
Hieracium scabrum. Exotics comprise a smaller than expected component of the flora for a
roaded, open site subject to period disturbance. Other noteworthy species include Spiraea
tomentosa (two sites), Spiranthes lacera var. gracillis and S. cernua, Lycopodium hickeyi, and
Viola macloskeyi ssp. pallens. There are small wetlands associated with the powerline and at
least one small pond.
Recommendation: Maintain as is and guard against the use of herbicides.

G. Base-rich Slope - An area approximately 0.25 mi inside the gate at Miningtown Road
appears to be richer than other sites in the DMRA. The suspicion is that it may be underlain by a
more base-rich substrate than other areas and produce a more fertile soil. A population of
Desmodium glutinosus occurs here and there is a large population of Cimicifuga racemosa.
Recommendation: Minimize disturbance.

H. Old Vineyard - A defunct vineyard on the west slope has a sphagnum seep.
Lycopodium clavatum was found there.
Recommendation: This site needs to be visited more often throughout the growing
season.

4
IV. Plant Collections
Over 1000 vascular plant specimens were collected by F. Levy (648) and A. McCullough
(386) during 18 field days by Levy and 12 field days by McCullough (database attached).
McCullough was limited by a complex ankle break that occurred at the site in May 2013. After
surgery, his mobility was seriously impaired for six weeks. Little effort was directed towards
collecting woody species unless they appeared noteworthy. Ubiquitous weedy species were also
under-collected.

As most species have yet to be examined in the herbarium, final species determinations
are not completed. Consequently, the database is conservative in not listing a species identity
until it has been formally examined in the herbarium. Based on the most conservative
determinations, we have identified 276 species representing 59 families. The species number
will increase substantially as more specimens are examined throughout the winter and spring.
The number of taxa should similarly increase as the south end of DMRA is a focus for the 2014
season.

V. Floristic Highlights - It should be noted that none of the noteworthy habitats or species
could have been found without ground surveys conducted throughout the growing season.

1. Noteworthy Species

Two state records (Lycopodiella inundatum; Liatris virgatum)
One State Endangered species (Symplocarpus foetidus)
Two State Threatened species (Hieracium scabrum; Juglans cinerea)
One State Special Concern species (Gentiana austromontana)
DMRA can be considered a hotspot for lycopods with six species
Species geographically disjunct from further south (Viburnum carolinianum)
Species geographically disjunct from further north (Spiraea tomentosa)
Regional records (northeast Tennessee) (Aristida dichotoma var. dichotoma;
Aster linariifolius; Carex umbellata; Polygala verticillata; Spenopholis
intermedia)

2. Exploitable Species - Species listed below have been regionally and illegally over-
collected. Efforts should be made to prevent poaching.

Cimicifuga racemosa (Black snakeroot) - used as a medicinal herbal medicine
Galax aphylla - used in flower arrangements
Rhododendron calendulacea (Flame azalea) - used in landscaping
Lichens - used in floral arrangements

Report:
First Season Report
University)
appendices
Appe ndi c e s
I.12
5
3. Exotics - While many exotic plant species have been found, DMRA currently does not
have areas overrun with invasive exotics. With increased vehicular traffic and
with more vehicles from outside the region, introduction of exotics is inevitable.
However, with much of the property under a full forest canopy, most exotic plants
are unlikely to establish large populations. Nevertheless, the extensive road
network with their openings and disturbances provide easy entry and
establishment pathways for exotics.

Recommendation: The following invasive exotics can be controlled with minimal effort:
Ligustrum sinensis - common and large in the Morfield wetland. Impact can be
minimized by cutting but care must be taken to avoid damage to the muck
substrate and to native shrubs such as Rosa palustris, Cornus amomum,
Xanthorhiza simplicissima, and Ilex verticillata.

Miscanthus sinensis - present as one large clump, located under the powerline,
and would be easy to mechanically eradicate.

Spiraea japonica - occurs locally and can be mechanically controlled.

Picris hiericoides - a species rarely found in Tennessee but present outside the
state property at the junction of Miningtown Road and Doe Mountain Private
Road.

4. Low Species Diversity - With few areas excepted, herbaceous species diversity in the
forested uplands is relatively low for the region, regardless of the slope position or exposure. A
significant component of the herbaceous species reported and collected are associated with the
noteworthy habitats; disproportionately fewer are from the forested regions. The low diversity of
the forest herb layer was quite unexpected because the tree canopy is closed over broad areas,
trees are not young, tree diversity is not particularly low, soils appear intact, and there is little
evidence of recent disturbance outside of areas bordering roads. Hypotheses to account for the
low diversity may include extensive deer browsing (evidence was abundant), low fertility of the
quartzite-derived soils, a dearth of natural openings and exceptionally moist sites, and past usage
history.

5. Salamanders - Although not part of the flora, casual observations appear to indicate
that salamander diversity in DMRA may be high.
Recommendation: An expert should be asked to conduct a thorough amphibian survey.

VI. Summary
The forests of the DMRA provide for a nearly uninterrupted canopy across much of the
mountain with the exception of road corridors and a limited number of other sites. Considering
the large acreage, DMRA is not a floristically rich site over most of the area examined. A well
developed spring flora is absent from much of the area where it may be expected. While the
dominant forest types indicate an area more xeric than can be considered typical of extreme
northeast Tennessee, dry sites often support of host of characteristic herbaceous species, but
these are absent from most areas.

6
With such relatively low species diversity throughout the DMRA, the number of
noteworthy species and habitats on the tract must be considered remarkable. Two species new to
the state were found, both natives. Other noteworthy species are either rare in the state or
unusual for the region. Coverage by exotic plants is not a serious problem and infestations of
invasive exotics are absent.

The closed canopy forest with a relatively open understory (except in heath-dominated
understories) should provide a pleasant recreational experience. While the paucity of
wildflowers will limit the recreational value for some users, ATV trail placement in the uplands
can easily avoid the sensitive and fragile sites on the northern half of the DMRA.
Report:
First Season Report
University)
Appendices
Appe ndi c e s
I.13
Report:
Report to the Nature Conservancy - Results
for the Tennessee Healthy Watersheds Initiative,
Project: Doe Mountain Recreation Area
(Document, 2013: Tina Delahunty, PhD,
Department of Geosciences - Geography Program
- Texas Tech University)
Appendix 4 - Texas Tech University Water Quality Analysis

Report to The Nature Conservancy

Research Results for the Tennessee Healthy Watershed Initiative

Tina Delahunty, PhD
Associate Professor of Biogeography
Department of Geosciences Geography Program
Texas Tech University

Delahunty, Dept. Geosciences, Texas Tech University REPORT 1 of 22

Introduction

This report addresses responsibilities 1-5 (page 16) of lead partner Texas Tech University for the
grant proposal Doe Mountain Recreation Area Master Plan: A Blueprint for Complementary
Tourism Development and Water and Natural Resources Protection submitted by The Nature
Conservancy to the Tennessee Healthy Watershed Initiative (THWI) Program. Responsibility 1
was written as the donation of faculty and graduate time to the project and Responsibility 4
was the presentation of geospatial tools and land use scenarios to the DMRA Board. The prior
was done throughout the project and does not merit discussion, and the latter was presented
to the Board in early 2013. A streamlined and updated version of the Board presentation is
provided in the Base Mapping section. Responsibilities 2, 3, and 5 of the proposal are addressed
in detail in this report and renumbered 1-3. Other aspects of the proposal are addressed in the
Additional Research section at the end of the document.

Table of Contents

Base Mapping 2

Responsibility 1: Create a geospatial database to enable science-based decisions
regarding appropriate land use as related to regional watershed quality . 7

Responsibility 2: Create scenarios for spatial distribution of proposed land uses,
including geographic buffers around the mountains surface water features 18

Responsibility 3: Quantify semi-impervious surfaces on Doe Mountain pre and post
Master Plan implementation 20

Additional Research . 21

appendices
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Report:


Base Mapping

The base mapping for Doe Mountain Recreation Area began in the fall of 2012 during a
graduate level Geographic Information Science (GIS) course at Texas Tech Universitys
Department of Geosciences. The base GIS data were shared with the Doe Mountain Recreation
Authority along with several trail use scenarios created by the graduate students. Base maps for
the recreation area (RA) include:

1) Digital elevation data: The data, from the National Elevation Dataset (NED), are 1/3
ArcSecond (10 meter) resolution tiles mosaicked and subsetted to the RA boundary. Because
the data is 10 meter resolution, which is considered coarse, it can only be used to estimate
where lower grade slopes are and cannot be used for high resolution mapping for Half Rule and
10% Rule analysis used by the International Mountain Biking Association and U.S. Forest
Service. The data can be used to create slope maps displaying percent grade. Slopes within the
RA range from 0-126% grade. At this level the data can be used to create three dimensional
visualizations in appropriate software. The data can also be used to create a map of slope
categories by reclassifying from a continuous to a discrete raster and choosing desired
categories. Lastly the data can be coupled with hydrology data to create flow maps. The raw
NED data is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1


2) Hydrography data: The data, from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) - National Hydrography
Dataset (NHD), include the Watauga Watershed boundary (Hydrologic Unit Code #06010103)
and FCode 46006 features within the watershed boundary. This is the only feature found within
the boundary of the RA and is described as perennial stream/river. Figure 2 shows the
watershed boundary with the DMRA boundary in yellow and all hydrologic features of the NHD
perennial class within the watershed. Watauga Lake is also exported as a polygon and inserted
into the geodatabase.

3) Landcover data: The data, from the USGS National Land Cover Database, when clipped to the
RA boundary, include a predominant classification of Deciduous Forest (90%) with the
remaining class being mostly Evergreen Forest, Mixed Forest, and Pasture. See Figure 3 for a
landcover map of the RA with area in square meters of each class.

Figure 2
Appendices
Appe ndi c e s
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Report:

Delahunty, Dept. Geosciences, Texas Tech University

4) Soils data: The raster soils data, from the Soil Data Mart of the Natural Resource
Conservation Service, is accompanied by metadata useful
RA. Data in the Soil Data Mart can
maps useful for trail development
silt loam (BeC), Calvin channery silt loam (
Ditney sandy loam (DtE, DtF, DtG),
Maymead loam (MaF), Northcove very stony sandy loam (NcF,
ScF), and Unicoi-Rock outcrop complex (
RA with symbology added to unique

Figure 3
Geosciences, Texas Tech University REPORT
data, from the Soil Data Mart of the Natural Resource
is accompanied by metadata useful for creating erodibility factors for the
can be added into the geodatabase in order to create
useful for trail development. There are 10 soil types with type variation in the RA:
Calvin channery silt loam (CaD, CaE, CaF), Cataska channery silt loam (
DtG), Keener loam (KeD, KeE, KeF), Lonon loam (LoD,
ve very stony sandy loam (NcF, NcG), Shelocta silt loam (ScE,
Rock outcrop complex (UcG). Figure 4 shows the raw vector soils
to unique category values.
Figure 3
4 of 22

data, from the Soil Data Mart of the Natural Resource
creating erodibility factors for the
create erodibility
in the RA: Bledsoe
Cataska channery silt loam (CcE),
KeF), Lonon loam (LoD, LoE),
Shelocta silt loam (ScE,
soils data for the

Delahunty, Dept. Geosciences, Texas Tech University

5) Points of interest data: Point and polyline shapefiles house the locations of the Harbin Hill
entrance, the fire tower, and Chimney Rock as well as the RAs

Figure 5
Figure 4
Geosciences, Texas Tech University REPORT
entrance, the fire tower, and Chimney Rock as well as the RAs surrounding roads (Figure 5).
5 of 22
surrounding roads (Figure 5).

appendices
Appe ndi c e s
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Report:


6) Trails data: An early trails coverage was formulated using high resolution imagery and an
Emergency Management GPS route with locals verifying its accuracy (Figure 6). This was
dramatically improved by the end of the field season (Figure 7), during which a trail numbering
system was developed and accepted by the managing Authority.

Figure 6
Figure 7


Responsibility 1: Create a geospatial database to enable science-based decisions regarding
appropriate land use as related to regional watershed quality

As stated earlier in the report, the USGS NHD data for the DMRA are restricted to linear
features attributed to the perennial class (a hydrologic feature that flows throughout the year).
The research objective was to locate where these features cross a trail, and assess the
hydrology in terms of general flow and intersection condition to aid in decision making
regarding trail use and water quality management.

During the field season of March to August 2013, a hydrology/trail intersection database
generated in ESRI software was used to locate points along the hydrologic features. A trails
shapefile from March was utilized for the analysis which contained more trails than the
September 2012 trails map, but not all of the trails mapped by August 2013. A total of 77
intersections occurred when overlaying the hydrology and trails shapefiles. The intersections
were named according to trail number and organized into grids (Figure 8). Both positional
accuracy of the intersection (geographic position on ground compared to cartographic
position), and attribute accuracy of the hydrologic feature (perennial and not perennial) were
assessed in addition to generalized flow and condition.

Figure 8
Appendices
Appe ndi c e s
I.17
Report:


The positional accuracy research was a portion of a Masters thesis, Geosciences Department,
Geography Program, Texas Tech University entitled Accuracy of National Hydrography Dataset
for Doe Mountain, TN; completed in November 2013. The Federal Geographic Data
Committees published positional accuracy assessment methodology was utilized along with
several other geospatial methods to test positional accuracy. The hypothesis tested is, 90% of
77 randomly generated points along DMRAs hydrologic features, as mapped in the NHD, are
within 40 feet of their true geographic position (the probability details coming from USGS
metadata). The result of the analysis is 36% of the hydrologic feature points assessed are
positionally accurate. Although the number brings forth concern for the level of accuracy,
essentially how good the hydrology map of the RA is, the NHD data is still useful for finding
hydrologic features on the mountain and representing the features on coarse scale maps. The
level of positional accuracy is not as much of a concern for the RA as attribute accuracy and trail
intersection condition. The attributes of the hydrologic features on the RA are tremendously
important for management and monitoring. Since the Tennessee Department of Environment
and Conservation (TDEC) comes into play when trails cross blue lines, there was local concern
that the features were lumped into the perennial class, when it is known that many features
are intermittent and ephemeral. There was concern for unnecessary over-regulation, but at the
same time a concern for watershed quality.

The 77 intersections were visited during the March-August 2013 field season. The data
recorded for each intersection was: Intersection number/name, GPS latitude and longitude,
elevation, descriptive notes, running rank, culvert existence, monitor rank, TDEC visitation, and
additional status notes (Tables 1-4): The Name as table column title is the intersection
number; The GPS latitude and longitude (Way Lat and Way Long) can be compared to the
map-generated coordinate for positional accuracy studies. It is suggested that the GPS
waypoint position be used for locating the intersection; The descriptive notes (description)
include notes in terms of trail closure or minimized use as a result of TDEC and University
research and analysis, whether the intersection is the beginning of a channel or there is no
evidence of a channel, therefore was not running and has little need for monitoring, notes on
needs for notching or rolling dips, or monitoring erosion or a culvert; The running column
ranks the maximum flow seen during the field season from 1-3, three being the largest flow and
one being the least. No entry indicates never running during the field season; The culvert
column indicates presence of a culvert; The monitorcolumn ranks the need for monitoring
from 1-5, five being of highest concern for monitoring and one being the lowest; The TDEC
column indicates whether Tom Isaacs visited the site and consulted on trail closure and future
remediation techniques; And finally, the status column indicates if the point along the feature
is Potentially perennial, Intermittent, or had Zero flow during the field season. Each table,
associated with a grid, has a respective map to aid location (Figures 9-12).


Figure 9: Grid A hydrology/trail intersection locations

Table 1: Grid A (see Grid A map (Figure 9))
Name Way Lat Way Long elev description running culvert monitor TDEC Status
1.1 36 27.191 81 50.251 2864 DO NOT DISTURB. Culvert operating. 3 1 5 Potentially perennial
1.2 36 27.110 81 50.240 2897 Dip in trail guiding minimal drainage. 0 Zero flow
10.1 36 27.339 81 50.648 2789 Running thru season. No motorized for now. 3 5 1 Potentially perennial
10.2 36 27.169 81 51.140 2814 Beginning of channel. 0 Zero flow
10.5 36 26.954 81 51.767 2752 Rechannel for culvert? 2 1 2 Potentially perennial
11.1 36 27.985 81 48.874 2743 No evidence of hydro channel. 0 Zero flow
11.4 36 27.908 81 49.070 2840 Rechannel for culvert? 1 2 Zero flow
11.5 36 27.886 81 49.151 2823 No issues. 0 Zero flow
11.7 36 27.784 81 49.391 2765 Needs notching. Monitor culvert. 1 1 Zero flow
11.8 36 27.713 81 49.580 2756 Monitor culvert. 1 1 Zero flow
11.9 36 27.617 81 49.803 2678 Monitor culvert. 2 1 1 Potentially perennial
111.1 36 27.816 81 49.093 2985 Beginning of channel. Keep eye on erosion. 2 Zero flow
111A.1 36 27.892 81 49.153 2830 Needs notching. 2 Zero flow
12.1 36 27.194 81 50.513 2729 Non motorized only for now. 3 3 1 Potentially perennial
12.2 36 27.083 81 50.513 2736 Non motorized only for now. 1 2 1 Potentially perennial
appendices
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Report:


Figure 10: Grid B hydrology/trail intersection locations

Table 2: Grid B (see Grid B map (Figure 10))
1.3 36 26.652 81 50.719 2907 Running thru season. Culvert 3 1 1 Potentially perennial
117.1 36 26.505 81 50.125 2562 Trail closed. Remediation. 3 1 5 1 Potentially perennial
117.2 36 26.450 81 50.167 2600 Trail closed. Needs culvert 1 5 1 Intermittent
117.3 36 26.243 81 50.179 2601 Trail closed. 3 5 1 Potentially perennial
14.7 36 26.1502 81 51.7564 3114 Trail closed. 2 1 Zero flow
16.1 Too much canopy Beginning of channel. 0 Zero flow
16.2 Too much canopy Foot traffic only for now. 5 1 Zero flow
16.3 36 26.448 81 51.669 2904 Foot traffic only for now. 1 5 1 Potentially perennial
17.1 36 26.761 81 50.138 2747 Monitor culvert. 2 1 2 1 Potentially perennial
17.2 36 26.32632 81 49.734 2495 Monitor erosion. 1 2 1 Intermittent
19.1 36 26.585 81 50.475 2915 Trail dead-end. Careful of blue line. 1 Zero flow
21.2 36 26.240 81 50.582 2878 Monitor drainage clearance. 1 0 Intermittent
21/23.1 36 26.315 81 50.547 2857 Not running, but evidence. Low monitor. 1 1 Intermittent
23.1 36 26.2696 81 50.5255 2874 Monitor culvert. 3 1 1 Potentially perennial


Figure 11: Grid C hydrology/trail intersection locations

Table 3: Grid C (see Grid C map (Figure 11))
21.10 36 25.5221 81 51.7119 3139 Needs knotch. 1 Zero flow
21.11 36 25.4087 81 51.8357 3154 Minimal erosion. 0 Zero flow
21.12 36 25.3232 81 51.9602 3133 Little evidence of channel. 1 1 Intermittent
21.13 36 25.2299 81 52.0808 3116 Needs culvert? 1 1 Intermittent
21.14 36 25.051 81 52.341 3062 Needs rolling dip. 1 Zero flow
21.15 36 25.013 81 52.464 3038 Monitor. 3 5 1 Potentially perennial
21.17 36 24.874 81 52.680 3176 Beginning of channel. 1 0 Intermittent
21.3 36 26.005 81 51.102 3195 Needs knotch. 1 1 Intermittent
21.7 36 25.747 81 51.439 3191 Little evidence of channel. 1 Zero flow
21.8 36 25.701 81 51.474 3273 No evidence of channel. 0 Zero flow
23.12 36 24.957 81 52.093 2937 Hydro runs in ditch. No issues. 1 1 Intermittent
23.13 36 25.133 81 52.335 3100 No issues. 1 0 Zero flow
23.14 36 25.335 81 52.478 3297 Minimal erosion. 1 Zero flow
23.2 36 25.969 81 50.734 2887 Hydro drainage is altered here. 1 Zero flow
23.4 36 25.673 81 50.996 3549 Monitor culvert. 1 1 1 Zero flow
23.5 36 25.499 81 51.187 3393 Monitor culvert. 1 1 1 Intermittent
23.6 36 25.366 81 51.252 3330 Monitor culvert. 1 1 Zero flow
23.8 36 25.200 81 51.396 3325 Monitor culvert. Needs notch. 1 1 1 1 Potentially perennial
23.9 36 25.101 81 51.518 3405 Monitor drainage clearance. 1 1 Zero flow
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Figure 12: Grid D hydrology/trail intersection locations

Table 3: Grid D (see Grid D map (Figure 12))
1.5 36 24.525 81 54.047 2921 Trail temporarily closed. 2 4 1 Intermittent
1.6 36 24.486 81 54.062 2904 Trail temporarily closed. 2 4 1 Intermittent
226.1 36 24.595 81 54.310 3084 Monitor. 3 3 1 Intermittent
226.2 36 24.52572 81 54.48684 3102 Minimal erosion. 1 1 Intermittent
26.3 36 25.527 81 54.508 2697 TDEC to review 3 5 Potentially perennial
26.4 36 25.150 81 54.269 3183 Monitor erosion. 1 Zero flow
26.5 36 24.939 81 54.265 3325 Beginning of channel. 1 1 Intermittent
28.1 36 24.807 81 54.229 3299 Monitor erosion. 1 2 1 Intermittent
326.1 36 24.958 81 54.089 3316 No issues. 0 Zero flow


Each trail/hydrology intersection point was visited throughout the field season at least three
times, and up to 20. It is important to state that the field season was relatively wet. In fact, the
NOAA station Mountain City 2, TN recorded record highs for precipitation in the last 5 years in
both June and August (Table 3 and Figure 13).

If a hydrologic feature was noted as running and not running within the field season it is noted
as intermittent. If a feature was running the entire field season it is noted as potentially
perennial. The intersections that are intermittent and potentially perennial are displayed in
Figure 14. Those intersections with no flow throughout the field season are noted in Figure 15.
In summary, out of the 77 hydrology/trail intersections 37 are zero flow, 16 are intermittent,
and 24 are potentially perennial. A hypothesis tested is, 90% of 77 points generated along
DMRAs hydrologic features, as mapped in the NHD, are correctly attributed to the perennial
class. Our results indicated that 31% of the intersections are potentially perennial, disproving
the hypothesis.

0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
June
July
August
Table 3: Precipitation in inches for Mountain City, TN - June, July, and August 2013
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
June 4.06 1.42 3.02 0.77 5.42
July 8.06 4.87 3.66 7.52 7.15
August 3.78 5.06 2.43 1.87 10.43
Source - NOAA. Station Mountain City 2. Precip in inches
Figure 13: Precipitation in inches for Mountain City, TN - June, July, and August 2013
appendices
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Figure 14
Figure 15


The complexity of the hydrologic features is in no way represented in the free NHD data. For
example, many of the intersections were at the head of drainage systems and defined channels
were not obvious on the landscape. It was therefore impossible to determine positional
accuracy and none of these features were flowing during the field season. These intersections
should be considered of very low concern in terms of monitoring and water quality. A second
situation was where the channel could be discerned, but there was no running water during
this relatively wet season, even after significant storm events. These intersections should be
considered of low concern also. All potentially perennial sites that did not have a culvert,
except one, were visited by a TDEC water resources representative to provide judgment on trail
closings and future remediation. All intermittent and potentially perennial sites that are
culverted should be of intermediate concern (monitored for unimpeded flow). See Table 4 and
Figure 16 for culvert locations; all of which should be included in a cleaning/monitoring
program.

Table 4: Culvert locations
Name latW longW culvert running Status
1.3 36 26.652 81 50.719 1 3 Potentially perennial
11.4 36 27.908 81 49.070 1 If rechanneled, flow would likely ensue
11.7 36 27.784 81 49.391 1 No flow
11.8 36 27.713 81 49.580 1 No flow
23.4 36 25.673 81 50.996 1 No flow
23.6 36 25.366 81 51.252 1 No flow
23.13 36 25.133 81 52.335 1 No flow
23.5 36 25.499 81 51.187 1 1 Intermittent
Appendices
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The potentially perennial sites without culverts should be of highest concern along with a few
additional intersections ranked high in terms of monitoring (Table 5 and Figure 17). As seen in
Table 5 most of the trails that house these intersections are closed or usage limited. This is a
direct result of this research, which acted to bring in TDEC assessment, and collaboration with
the botanist (report submitted by Foster Levy, Dept. Biological Sciences, East TN State
University (ETSU)).

Figure 16: Map of culvert locations
Table 5: Highest ranked intersections in terms of monitoring
Name latW longW elev culvert running action Monitor TDEC Status
16.2 Foot traffic only for now. Drainage parallels trail. 5 1
14.1 36 26.452 81 51.689 2906 3 Trail closed. 5 1 Potentially perennial
16.3 36 26.448 81 51.669 2904 1 Foot traffic only for now. 5 1 Potentially perennial
10.1 36 27.339 81 50.648 2789 3 Running thru season. No motorized for now. 5 1 Potentially perennial
117.1 36 26.505 81 50.125 2562 1 3 Trail closed. Needs remediation. 5 1 Potentially perennial
117.2 36 26.450 81 50.167 2600 1 Trail closed. Needs culvert 5 1 Intermittent
1.1 36 27.191 81 50.251 2864 1 3 DO NOT DISTURB. Sensitive species. Culvert operating. 5 botanist Potentially perennial
26.3 36 25.527 81 54.508 2697 3 TDEC to review 5 Potentially perennial
21.15 36 25.013 81 52.464 3038 3 Monitor. TDEC and botanist OK with travel thru for now. 5 1 Potentially perennial


Figure 17: Highest ranked intersections in terms of monitoring
appendices
Appe ndi c e s
I.22
Report:


Responsibility 2: Create scenarios for spatial distribution of proposed land uses, including
geographic buffers around the mountains surface water features

This field research was essential to RA management in that it provides details of hydrologic
complexity, resulted in the identification of important sites reviewed by a TDEC representative,
and ultimately contributed to: a sensitive areas map (Figure 19)(given to Dr. Levy for inclusion
in ETSU report); and a trails map for the RA identifying trails closed and limited use due to
environmental conditions (Figure 20).

Figure 19


In terms of buffers, the geodatabase can be used when a new trail is proposed to identify tracks
that will disturb hydrologic features the least. Figure 21 aids the visualization of this future
need.

Figure 20
Figure 21
Position new trail between buffers
Appendices
Appe ndi c e s
I.23
Report:


Responsibility 3: Quantify semi-impervious surfaces on Doe Mountain pre and post Master Plan
implementation

In order to quantify semi-impervious (roads, trails, gravel parking) and impervious (asphalt,
buildings) surfaces on the DMRA, roads and trails* were buffered in GIS software according to
their estimated width, creating polygons, and the paved parking area and building at the Harbin
Hill entrance were digitized into a representative polygon. The polygons were joined to create
one feature representing disturbed surface area. This enabled area summation in the GIS. A
visualization is provided via Figure 22. The total area of impervious and semi-impervious
surfaces on the DMRA as of August 30, 2013 is 2,274,054 square feet or .6% of total DMRA
area.

*Trails of minimal disturbance, simply tracks through the woods that do not have developed
semi-impervious surface, were removed from this analysis. The full trail map (Figure 20)
includes every track noted during the field season.

Figure 22


Additional Research

One aspect of the proposal discussed in the body, but not listed in the responsibilities, is the
utilization of USGS TN Water Data project sites in proximity to the DMRA. The idea was to use
data already collected for pre and post development monitoring. It was not known at the time
the proposal was written that there is no recent data from these stations. Out of eight, three
dont have data since 1998, one not since 1988, one not since 1976, and three not since 1900.
We list the site numbers, station names, coordinates, basin, drain area, and years data collected
in Table 6 and include a map of their locations (Figure 23) for future reference for the RA.

Table 6
Agency Site # Station Name dec_long_va coord_meth_cd basin_cd Drain Area Years Data Collected
USGS 3481800 TOWN CREEK AT MOUNTAIN CITY 36.46706388 -81.8040045 6010103 24.4 1988, 1998
USGS 3481850 ROAN CREEK ABOVE MILL CREEK NEAR NEVA 36.385954 -81.8690053 6010103 93.2 1900
USGS 3482000 ROAN CREEK NEAR NEVA 36.377065 -81.88706128 6010103 102 1942, 1985, 1988
USGS 3482100 ROAN CREEK NEAR DOEVILLE 36.38317518 -81.92206258 6010103 110 1974, 1976
USGS 3482150 DOE CREEK AT LITTLE DOE 36.4545625 -81.8865071 6010103 11.1 1900
USGS 3482175 LOWE SPRINGNEAR DOE STATION 36.4273401 -81.9356749 6010103 1998
USGS 3482200 DOE CREEK AT DOEVILLE 36.3942849 -81.9673421 6010103 36 1998
USGS 3482220 DOE CREEK NEAR DOEVILLE 36.37706388 -81.939563 6010103 42.6 1900
Figure 23
appendices
Appe ndi c e s
I.24
Figure 1. Location of Doe Mountain Recreation Area located in Johnson County, Tennesssee.
0 0.9 1.8 0.45
Miles
Prepared by: CAF

Date Drawn: 10/22/2013
Prepared for: DMRA
Source: DMRA;
Mountain City & Doe 7.5-minute USGS Topographic Quadrangles;

BDY
NATURAL SCIENCES CONSULTANTS
2004 21st Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37212 P: 615.460.9797 F: 615.460.9796
Legend
Doe Mountain Boundary
Image: Location of Doe Mountain Recreation
Area located in Johnson County, Tennessee.
Appendix 5 - BDY Natural Sciences Consultants Biological Assessment Maps
Appendices
Appe ndi c e s
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Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, and the GIS User Community
Figure 2. Aerial imagery of Doe Mountain Recreation Area located in Johnson County, Tennesssee.
0 0.75 1.5 0.375
Miles
Prepared by: CAF

Prepared for: DMRA
Source: DMRA;
USDA Imagery;

BDY
Legend
Trails
Image: Aerial imagery of Doe Mountain
Tennessee.
appendices
Appe ndi c e s
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Figure 3. Geologic map of Doe Mountain Recreation Area located in Johnson County, Tennesssee overlaid with existing trails and hydrology features.
0 0.75 1.5 0.375
Miles
Prepared by: CAF

Prepared for: DMRA
Source: DMRA;
Geology of Tennessee (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1324/);
USGS The National Map
BDY
Legend
Ephemeral Streams (Wet Weather Conveyance)
Perennial or Intermittent Streams
Trails
Geology
Quartzite - Shale
Shale - Sandstone
Shale - Siltstone
Dolomite - Limestone
Sandstone - Arkose
Image: Geologic Map of Doe Mountain
hydrology features.
Appendices
Appe ndi c e s
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Figure 4. Landcover map of Doe Mountain Recreation Area located in Johnson County, Tennesssee overlaid with existing trails and hydrology features.
0 0.75 1.5 0.375
Miles
Prepared by: CAF

Prepared for: DMRA
Source: DMRA;
LANDFIRE Landcover (2010)
BDY
Legend
Trails
LANDFIRE 2010 Landcover
Central and Southern Appalachian Montane Oak Forest
Developed-Roads
Ruderal Forest-Southeast Hardwood and Conifer
South-Central Interior Mesophytic Forest
Southern and Central Appalachian Cove Forest
Southern Appalachian Montane Pine Forest and Woodland
Southern Appalachian Oak Forest
Vegetation Types (Natureserve Ecological Systems) Category Percent Cover
Ruderal Forest-Southeast Hardwood and Conifer Conifer-Hardwood 0.18%
Developed-Roads Developed-Roads 0.19%
Southern Appalachian Montane Pine Forest and Woodland Conifer 0.88%
South-Central Interior Mesophytic Forest Hardwood 0.90%
Central and Southern Appalachian Montane Oak Forest Hardwood 3.43%
Southern and Central Appalachian Cove Forest Hardwood 23.28%
Southern Appalachian Oak Forest Hardwood 70.98%
Image: Landcover map of Doe Mountain
hydrology features.
appendices
Appe ndi c e s
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Figure 5. North and east trending slopes within Doe Mountain Recreation Area located in Johnson County, Tennesssee overlaid with existing trails and hydrology features.
0 0.75 1.5 0.375
Miles
Prepared by: CAF

Prepared for: DMRA
Source: DMRA;
LANDFIRE Landcover (2010)
BDY
Legend
Trails
Aspect (Degrees)
0-12
12-24
24-36
36-48
48-60
60-72
72-84
84-96
96-108
108-120
120-132
132-144
144-156
156-168
168-180
Image: North and east trending slopes within
Doe Mountain Recreation Area located in
Johnson County, Tennessee overlaid with existing
trails and hydrology features.
Appendices
Appe ndi c e s
I.29
Roadside Habitat.
Notable Species: Hieracium scabrum
Wetland area.
Notable species: Sphagnum sp, Osmunda cinnamomea, Juncus sp.
Seep.
Notable species: Osmunda claytoniana, Carex intumescens var. fernaldii
Seep along east side of trail.
Notable species include: Lycopodiella inundata, Platanthera ciliaris
Roadside Habitat.
Notable species: Hieracium scabrum, Liatris pilosa
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Figure 6. Notable habitats documented in the eastern portion of Doe Mountain Recreation Area located in Johnson County, Tennesssee overlaid with existing trails and hydrology features.
0 0.45 0.9 0.225
Miles
Prepared by: CAF

Prepared for: DMRA
Source: DMRA;
BDY Site Visit (9/26-27/2013);
Dr. Frosty Levy Data (ETSU)
BDY
Legend
50-foot Stream Buffer
Trails
Notable Habitats
Image: Notable habitats documented in the
western portion of Doe Mountain Recreation
Area located in Johnson County, Tennessee
overlaid with existing trails and hydrology
features.
appendices
Appe ndi c e s
I.30
Rock Outcrop Complex.
Notable species include: Rhododendron catawbiense
Wetland.
Notable species include: Symplocarpus foetidus, Juglans cinerea
Seep in opening. Historic saw mill.
Notable species: Lycopodium clavatum.
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Figure 7. Notable habitats documented in the wester portion of Doe Mountain Recreation Area located in Johnson County, Tennesssee overlaid with existing trails and hydrology features.
0 0.3 0.6 0.15
Miles
Prepared by: CAF

Prepared for: DMRA
Source: DMRA;
BDY Site Visit (9/26-27/2013);
Dr. Frosty Levy Data (ETSU)
BDY
Legend
50-foot Stream Buffer
Trails
Notable Habitats
Image: Notable habitats documented in the
eastern portion of Doe Mountain Recreation Area
located in Johnson County, Tennessee overlaid
with existing trails and hydrology features.
Appendices
Appe ndi c e s
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Natural Resource Committee Report June 2013
Also for the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) Between Mountain
Trail Riders Association (MTRA) and the Doe Mountain Recreation Authority (DMRA)
Legend
Areas in Report
Surface Hydrology
ExistingTrails 6_28_2013
DMRA Boundary
0 0.5 1 0.25 Miles

Image: Map for Memorandum of Understanding
between Mountain Trail Riders Association and
the Doe Mountain Recreation Authority
(Map, 2013: DMRA)
Appendix 6 - Memoradum of Understanding between MTRA & DMRA

DOE Mountain Management Plan Charrette Presentation

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DOE Mountain Management Plan Charrette Presentation

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Char ret t e: November 4-9, 2013

Prepared by: CAF

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Prepared by: CAF

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