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Tracking Device
Design Review
Team 23:
Bo Li
John Rhine
Naixing Wang
Spring 2008
ECE 445
TA: Purvesh Thakker
Introduction
RFID Personal Object Tracking Device
We believe that our project has a very practical and necessary use. A lot of frustration and time
is spent on locating commonly important but lost objects such as keys, remotes, or wallets. Many
people would appreciate integrating such a tool in their everyday lives.
RFID is a technology that is rapidly growing. We are very excited to implement our solution
using RFID. It gives us the flexibility to create two structures, one static and one mobile. Also, being
able to track individual objects using relatively nonobstructive and small means is a bonus. This will
greatly reduce the flaws that our project might encounter.
Objectives
Goals
The main goals of our project is to develop an (eventual) marketable product that will allow for
easier locating of everyday used objects. We feel like our idea is an improvement on any of the
products in the market currently and will provide a increase in the quality of life for the consumer.
Academically, the goal of this project is to learn more about RFID technology and how to develop a
product from start to finish.
Functions
There are two main functions for the RFID personal object tracking device. First, we want the
user to be able to know the general vicinity of their lost object and second, we want the user to be able
to find it rapidly without getting frustrated. In order to do this, we are creating separate devices for each
function. First, the objects are sent into a central location, which could be a wall mounted device
located anywhere in the house. From this device, a user will be able to see which room any of their
objects with the RFID tags are located. In order to help the user find the specific object, we will create
a separate tracking handheld tracking device that will be able to detect how close or far an object is
from the person. We anticipate the user first looking in the central location to determine the room and
then using the tracking device to determine the specific location.
Benefits
The users would never be without important personal objects such as their keys, which if lost
would prevent them from entering their own homes.
Money saved from replacing important objects.
Small and compact design of receivers and size of transmitters for easy and convenient
integration into your life.
Countless time and frustration saved from trying to locate missing objects.
Complete easy and fast coverage of the entire house with the static receivers.
Mobile transmitter provides easy portable service.
Features
A static system
Transmitters have a 300 foot radius.
One to two receivers per room, allowing coverage of the whole house.
Wireless communication between the receivers for faster and more efficient tracking.
Central LED display that displays all of the receivers.
Small and nonobtrusive transmitters and LCD display.
Energy efficient onoff option if not in use.
A mobile system
Easy LED light detection interface.
Accurate signal capabilities.
Wall mounted cradle to prevent easy loss of the receiver.
Small and compact design for easier transportation.
Low power
Describe the project goals and intended functions. Include a bulleted list of benefits to the end customer
(e.g. "able to stay in touch with friends and coworkers through email access from anywhere in the
world"), and a bulleted list of product features (e.g. "email sending / receiving, email forwarding, 10
MB storage, fetches email from a POP account, sends attachments).
Design
Hardware Block Diagram
Mobile System
Static System
RFID Tags RFID
Transmitter
Mobile System
RFID Tags Small RFID tags that are attachable onto personal objects. These are used to identify the
object through RFID technology. They act as both a receiver and a transmitter. They are powered by
the incoming RF signal they receive so they need no power source. Each tag sends a signal with it’s a
unique serial number. This can be used to determine a specific item.
RFID Transmitter This is used to detect RFID tags and the signal strength that they send by the
proximity they are to the tags. This is done by sending out a signal at a specific frequency to which the
RFID tags are designed for. The Transmitter, also acts as a receiver and receives and decodes the signal
returned by the tag.
PIC A programmable microprocessor that will run the mobile system. It will take unit from the RFID
transmitter, and output to the LED Display. Its function is to make calculations, and control the display.
LED Display A small display that will communicate if the mobile system is in range of an RFID tag,
and the signal strength of that RFID tag. It will simple to read.
Static System
RFID Tags Small RFID tags that are attachable onto personal objects. These are used to identify the
object through RFID technology. They act as both a receiver and a transmitter. They are powered by
the incoming RF signal they receive so they need no power source. Each tag sends a signal with it’s a
unique serial number. This can be used to determine a specific item.
RFID Transmitter This is used to detect RFID tags and the signal strength that they send by the
proximity they are to the tags. This is done by sending out a signal at a specific frequency to which the
RFID tags are designed for. The Transmitter, also acts as a receiver and receives and decodes the signal
returned by the tag.
TXMXXXLC transmitter A wireless communication device that sends data to a receiver. It operates
at 2.1 Ghz, and has a range of about 300ft. It needs a 5V power supply. This transmitter will be used to
communicate between a RFID transmitter in a room, and the central display unit wirelessly, because a
wireless system would not need wired connections over a long distance between rooms.
RXMXXXLC receiver This takes the data from the transmitter and sends it to the PIC. Like the
transmitter it operates at 2.1Ghz and has a range of 300ft. It will transmit data showing the room
location of an object, by sending the objects serial number, and a number designating the room the
RFID locater is in.
PIC A programmable microprocessor that will run static system. One pic is needed for the display
unit, and one is needed for each room transmitter. The PIC in the display unit, will collect data from the
wireless transmitter, and display it on the LCD. The PIC for each transmitter will be used to collect
data and then pass it to the wireless transmitter.
LCD DisplayA small LCD display to show which RFID locator has the tag in its range.
Hardware Schematics
Mobile System
Static System – Transmitter
Static System Receiver
Software Flowchart
Mobile System
On
RFID
Reader
Input
No
Detect
Object
Yes
LED Lights
On
Signal
Strength
Increase Decreas
d ed
Static System Transmitter
On
RFID
Reader
Input
No
Detect
Object
Yes
Encode Serial
# and Room
#
Send to
TXM-XXX-LC
Static System Receiver
On
Display
“No Objects
Found”
No
Input from
RXM-XXX-LC
Data Read
Yes
Decode Serial
# and Room
#
Display Serial
#s and Room
#s
User Interface
Mobile System
10.16 mm
25.27
mm
8 mm
The mobile system will require software to control a 10 red LED bar (MV57164 821 H). The signal
strength will determine the number of LEDs that will be lit, 0 thru 10, from left to right. The purpose of
having this user interface is so the user will know when they are getting closer to a specified object
while walking around with the mobile device.
Static System
36 mm
80 mm
64.5 mm
16 characters per line,
2 lines of display
This 2 line, 16 character per line, LCD display (POWERTIP PC1602GP2) will be the front end user
interface of the static system. Once an object is detected, it will be encoded and decoded in packages of
2 which designate a room number and an object code. We will display it with the format, “[object code]
in [room number]”. For example, the display could read, “12345678 found in room 1.” For the
purposes of this project, we will be only working with one test room.
Performance Requirement
Mobile System
1. RFID transmitter has a range of 5 ft.
2. Detection accuracy of >95%
3. Signal strength detection accuracy of >50%
4. Can be powered off of a 9V battery.
5. Maximum size of 6”x3”x2”
Static System
1. RFID transmitter has a range of 10 ft.
2. Detection accuracy of >95%
3. Wireless communication between TMX and RMX chips should reach 300 ft.
4. All components must be wall mountable.
General
1. Software executes <1 min.
2. RFID tags must withstand weather conditions
3. System start up time of <1 min.
4. Capable of handling 3 different objects.
Special Circuit
Not applicable.
Verification
Testing Procedures
In order to ensure that our product works accurately, we will need to perform several tests that
measure power usage, signal strength of the transmitter, accuracy of the receiver, and an analysis of
how potential interference will affect the final outcome.
RFID
In order to test the RFID independently from the entire design, we will connect each reader to a
PC to get preliminary data, and test. We will also use this as a chance to determine exactly how the
commands on both the long range, and short range reader works. Texas Instruments, the manufacturer
of both RFID units we are using
We will test the range of the RFID transmitter and RFID tag. To aid in our testing we will use a
spectrum analyzer to make a rough estimate of the radiation pattern of the RFID combination. For the
static locater distance will be the primary concern, while for the mobile locater reliability, and accuracy
will be the primary concern.
PIC Data Conditioning
To test how to program the PIC will run a very simple program to test the PIC. The PIC must be
able to accept the data given by the RFID, and turn it into useful data. We will test our tags to make
sure they all work, and to make sure the PIC handles errors well, without the software breaking down.
We will test this independently of the RFID combination, by feeding it simulated data, and comparing
the output to the expected output.
Wireless Communication
To test the wireless communication we will independently test the transmitter and receiver by
sending test data. This can be accomplished with a simple Labview VI. Different arrangements of the
receiver and transmitter will be tested, and different ranges will be tested, in order to find a usable
range of communication.
Tolerance Analysis
The most important criteria that we need to ensure is that the accuracy of the signal strength of
the transmitters. The user of the static machine and the remote device must be able to accurately detect
where their objects are located. We have specified earlier that the range of the remote device must be 5
feet and the range of the static machine to be 10 feet. This must be accurate within + 20%, or 46 feet
for the remote device and 812 feet for the static machine.
Cost and Schedule
Cost Analysis
Labor
Bo Li: ($50/hour) x 2.5 x 130 to complete = $16250
John Rhine: ($50/hour) x 2.5 x 130 to complete = $16250
Naixing Wang: ($50/hour) x 2.5 x 130 hours to complete = $16250
Total Labor Cost = $48750
Parts
Name Quantity Cost Total Cost Status
RFID Tags 5 $2.50 $2.50 On hand
TI RISTUTRDC 1 $400 $400.00 On hand
RISTU650A 1 $500 $500 On hand
TXM315LC 1 $32 $32 On hand
RXM315LR 1 $32 $32 On hand
PIC16F877 Microcontroller 3 $10 $30 On hand
MAX232 2 $1.70 $3.40 Ordered
PC 1602GP2 LCD Display 1 $30 $30 On hand
Power Supply 1 $30 $30 On hand
AAA Batteries 4 $5.79 On hand
Battery Holder 1 $1.20 $1.20 Ordered
166 × 55 × 10 mm Breadboard 1 $10 $10 Ordered
MV57164 LED Bar 1 $2.95 $2.95 On hand
1 uF capactiors 8 $0.50 $4 On hand
Total Cost $1083.84
Grand Total
Labor + Parts = $48750 + 1083.84 = 49833.84
Schedule
1 Project organization
Meet with team to dec
Develop project workp
Designate responsibil
Write Proposal
2 Initial design
Determine materials a
Finalize block diagram
Research current RFI