Political Science

STATE:
State is the community of people they have their own territory and they have their own proper
system and also obey a soveren power. (Professor Garner).
Islamic state:
An Islamic state is a type of government, in which the primary basis for government is Islamic
religious law. rom the early years of Islam, numerous governments have been founded as
!Islamic!, beginning most notably with the "aliphate established by #ohammad himself and
including subse$uent governments ruled under the direction of a caliph (meaning, !successor!
to the prophet #ohammad). %he essence or guiding principles of an Islamic government or
Islamic state is the concept of &Al'Shura&. (ifferent scholars have different understandings or
thoughts, with regard to the concept al'Shura, )owever, most #uslim scholars are of the
opinion that Islamic al'Shura should consist of*
#eeting or consultation that follows the teachings of Islam.
"onsultation following the guidelines of the +uran and Sunnah.
%here is a leader elected among them to head the meeting.
%he discussion should be based on mushawarah and mudha,arah.
All the members are given fair opportunity to voice out their opinions.
%he issue should be of maslahah ammah or public interest.
%he voices of the ma-ority are accepted, provided that it does not violate with the
teachings of the +uran or Sunnah.
Western state:
States are divided into geographical boundaries on the basis of language, race, culture and
religion. )ave what is called a democracy or socialism or communism, etc with either a
President or a Prime #inister as a top leader bac,ed by a political party or the armed forces. A
democratic system claims to be a process of people.s power by representation, but in reality
people hardly have any control in it. Predominantly people from a same ethnicity, race, culture
and religious bac,ground. %he citi/ens may have a religious connection but normally upholds
secularism above their religions. 0oth men and women are encouraged to wor, and therefore
free mi1ing of se1es are allowed and encouraged. As a result the society is promiscuous and
people tend not to marry and prefer common law under which a couple could live together as a
husband and wife without any legal binding and responsibilities to each other having and
rearing children without any legal bindings. ncourages employment for higher ta1 earnings2
also People living under a secular system aspire for good and lu1urious lifestyle on 3arth as
INAAM ur REHMAN 10208011 Mr.Abdul Mateen
Political Science
they hardly believe in a life after death. %hey see this world as the only life to live, so they try
to live it to the fullest even if it means by hoo, or by croo,. "are for morality and ethics is a
rare in a secular society while lust and greed is random. 4eligious minded people often pay a
wee,ly visit to their respective houses of worship (5ews on Saturdays, and "hristians on
Sunday) but the number is considerably low. %hey use their own -udgment to -udge a case
depending on evidences and support on hand to close a case as they do not have any divine
criterion to help them to -udge a matter. 6ften -udgments are done in secrets if and when there
is an ill political motive. %he -udicial process is e1pensive and difficult often leading to
harassment for a long time to close a case. 7ictimi/ing and suffering of innocent is not
uncommon in such a system. 8estern governments are usually large in setup and contain a
long chain of command. %op officials are not readily accessible by the common citi/ens2 and
therefore chances of harassment increases. "iti/ens are strictly regulated by different laws and
regulations as governments attempt to interfere in most activities of a citi/en. Politics is a part
and parcel of western system. At least one party political party has to be there in order to ma,e
a western system wor, that automatically leads to dictatorial governance. It is almost
impossible to have a corruption free governance in a political party based system.
INAAM ur REHMAN 10208011 Mr.Abdul Mateen