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CB00851
Ajuste de Curvas
Objetivos
UNIDAD VI Ajuste de curvas
duracin
Contenido temtico
3 hrs.
objetivos
NGJ/v06
Unidad VI
6 Ajuste de curvas
Introduccin
Cuando se tiene un conjunto de datos:
x
x0
x1
x2
f (x )
f (x0 )
f ( x1 )
f (x2 )
........
x3
f ( x3 )
xn
f (xn )
........
Y se requiere una estimacin en puntos entre estos valores, cuando los datos no son
exactos, esto es tienen un grado error en su medicin, se procede a hacer un ajuste de
curvas.
1.
2.
3.
4.
e =
i =0
yi a0 a1 xi
e =
i =0
S r = (e ) =
2
i =0
i =0
y
i =0
i , medida
y
i =0
a 0 a1 xi
y i ,mod elo
= ( y i a 0 a1 xi )
i =0
ajuste por mnimos cuadrados:
n
S r
= 2 ( y i a 0 a 1 x i )
a0
i =0
para determinar a 0
n
S r
= 2
i =0
y a1 : a1
S r
=0
a0
[ ( y i a 0 a 1 xi ) xi ]
S r
=0
mnimos cuadrados: a1
NGJ/v06
Unidad VI
entonces:
ecuacin-1 :
i =0
i =0
yi a0 a1 xi = 0
n
i =0
yi xi a0 xi a1 xi2 = 0
i =0
i =0
ecuacin-2: i =0
ecuaciones normales:
n
na 0 + a1 xi =
i =0
ecuacin-1:
y
i =0
n
n
a 0 xi + a1 xi2 =
i =0
ecuacin-2: i =0
de donde:
n
a1 =
n xi y i
i =0
i =0
i =0
2
i =0
a 0 = y a1 x
n xi2 xi
i =0
i =o
n
x y
_
x y
donde y =
y
i =0
x=
x
i =0
S r = (e )
i =0
= ( y i a 0 a1 xi )
i =0
Sr
y
Sy
n 2 donde
x
x significa para un
x es el error estndar del estimado.
valor predicho de y correspondiente a un valor particular de x
Sy =
yi y
i =0
x n x0
n
S t = yi y
Sy =
Sy =
entonces
i =0
Desviacin estndar:
si
S Sr
r2 = t
St
Coeficiente de determinacin:
S t Suma total de los cuadrados
n
St
n 1
NGJ/v06
Unidad VI
i =0
i =0
n xi y i xi y i
r=
i =0
n
n x xi
i =0
i =0
n
n
n y y i
i =0
i =0
n
2
i
2
i
coeficiente de
xi
yi
xi y i
x i2
y i2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
28
0.5
2.5
2.0
4.0
3.5
6.0
5.5
24
0.5
5.0
6.0
16.0
17.5
36.0
38.5
119.5
1
4
9
16
25
36
49
140
0.25
6.25
4.00
16.00
12.25
36.00
30.25
105
yi y
8.5765
0.8622
2.0408
0.3265
0.0051
6.6122
4.2908
22.7143
( yi a0 a1 xi )2
0.1687
0.5625
0.3473
0.3265
0.5896
0.7972
0.1993
2.9911
sumatoria
_
24
28
= 3.4285
x =
=4
7
7
7(119.5) 28(24)
a1 =
a 0 = 3.4285 (0.839928571)4
7(140) 28 2
= 0.07142857
= 0.83928571
y =
22.7143 2.9911
= 0.868
22.7143
S t = 22.7143 S r = 2.9911 r = 0.868 = 0.932
por lo tanto: 86.8% de incertidumbre
r2 =
Desviacin estndar:
NGJ/v06
Sy =
22.7143
= 1.9457
7 1
Unidad VI
2.9911
= 0.7735
72
Sy =
x
y = a0e a1 x
EXPONENCIAL:
y = a0 e a1x
Ln( y ) = Ln a0 e a1x
( )
POTENCIA:
NGJ/v06
y = a0 x a1
Unidad VI
y = a0 x a1
Ln ( y ) = Ln a0 x a1
( )
Ln ( y ) = Ln(a0 ) + Ln x a1
Ln ( y ) = Ln(a0 ) + a1 Ln( x )
y=
RACIONAL:
a0 x
x + a1
y = a0 a1 y
Nota:
Ver libro de MARON
Pgina 248
y = a0 + a1 x + a2 x + e
2
entonces:
S r
= 2 y i a 0 a1 xi a 2 xi2
a 0
i =0
n
i =0
n
S r
= 2 xi y i a 0 a1 xi a 2 xi2
a1
i =0
n
S r
= 2 xi2 y i a 0 a1 xi a 2 xi2
a1
i =0
igualando a cero las parciales y reordenando:
ecn 1:
ecn 2:
ecn 3:
na 0 + a1 xi + a 2 xi2 = y i
i =0
i =0
i =0
i =0
a 0 xi + a1 xi2 + a 2 xi3 = y i xi
i =0
i =0
i =0
i =0
i =0
i =0
i =0
2
n
x
x
i
i
y i
i =1
i =1
i =1
n
n
n
2
3
xi x i x i = xi y i
i =1
i =1
i =1
i =1
n
n
n 2 n 3
4
2
xi x i x i
xi y i
i =1
i =1
i =1
i =1
NGJ/v06
Unidad VI
m
2
..........
....
n
x
x
x
i
i
i
y i
i =1
i =1
i =1
i =1
n
n
n
n
n
m +1
2
3
xi y i
xi xi xi ............... xi
Nota:
i =1
i =1
i =1
i =1
i =1
n
n
n
n
n
El error se calcula igual
m+2
2
3
4
2
..........
.....
x
y
x
x
x
x
=
que en la funcin lineal
i i
i i i
i
i
i
i
i
i
=
1
=
1
=
1
=
1
=
1
.
n
n
n
n m n m +1
m
xim + 2 ............... xim + m
xi y i
xi xi
i =1
i =1
i =1
i =1
i =1
S r = ( y i a 0 a1 x1,i a 2 x 2,i )
n
y = a0 + a1 x1 + a2 x2 + e
entonces:
S r
= 2 y i a 0 a1 xi a 2 xi2
a 0
i =0
n
i =0
n
S r
= 2 x1,i y i a 0 a1 x1,i a 2 x 2,i
a1
i =0
n
S r
= 2 x 2,i ( y i a 0 a1 x1,i a 2 x 2,i )
a1
i =0
n
x1,i
i =1
n
x 2 ,i
i =1
x1,i
i =1
n
x 2 ,i
i =1
n
x
i =1
2
1,i
x
i =1
1,i
1,i
i =1
x 2,1
x 2,1
x
i =1
2
2 ,i
y i
i =1
n
=
x1,i y i
i =1
x 2 ,i y i
i =1
NGJ/v06
Unidad VI
n
x1,i
i =1
n
x 2 ,i
i =1
.
.
n
x m ,i
i =1
x1,i
i =1
i =1
2
1,i
i =1
1,i
............. x 2,i x m ,i
i =1
i =1
x
i =0
2 ,i 1,i
xm,i x1,i
i =1
i =0
i =1
n
2
2 ,i
i =1
i =1
i =0
y i
i =1
x1,i y i
i =1
n
= x 2 ,i y i
i =1
x m ,i y i
i =1
Nota:
El error se calcula igual
que en la funcin lineal
EJEMPLO:
Los datos de presin-temperatura-volumen para el etano se muestran en la tabla
siguiente, donde la temperatura (T) est en oC, la presin (p) en atmsferas y el
volumen especfico (1/V) en moles / litro.
T
25
75
150
200
250
P
6
10
20.14
24.95
31.89
36.44
40.87
32.84
43.80
59.31
69.38
79.16
68.89
106.06
130.18
153.59
85.95
151.38
194.53
237..38
104.38
207.66
276.76
345.38
118.32
246.57
332.56
-
139.23
298.02
-
Calcular el volumen especfico en moles / litro para una presin de 7 atmsferas y una
temperatura de 175 oC.
Solucin:
puntos
1
2
3
NGJ/v06
P( x1 )
6
8
9
T( x 2 )
150
200
250
V( y )
151.38
276.76
332.56
x12
36
64
81
Unidad VI
x 22
22,500
40,000
62,500
x1 x 2
yx1
900
908.28
1,600 2,214.08
2,250 2,983.77
yx2
22,707
55,352
82,890
8
23
23
3
23
181
600 4750
600
759.7
600 759.7
4750 = 6106.13
125000 160.949
181 125,000
a 0 = 222.06
a1 = 68.96
a 2 = 0.267
NGJ/v06
Unidad VI
Actividades colaborativas
Hoja de trabajo
Hoja de trabajo de Ajuste de curvas
En equipo de dos personas, resuelve la siguiente hoja de trabajo en estas misma hojas
Matrcula ________ Nombre ___________________________
Matrcula ________ Nombre ___________________________
1) Con los datos:
0.2
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.6
xi
yi 0.050446 0.098426 0.33277 0.72660 1.0972 1.50697 1.8487 2.5015
a) construir el polinomio de mnimos cuadrados de primer grado y calcular el error
b) construir el polinomio de mnimos cuadrados de segundo grado y calcular el error
c) construir el polinomio de mnimos cuadrados de tercer grado y calcular el error
NGJ/v06
Unidad VI
10
a1 =
n xi y i
i =0
xi
i =0
yi
i =0
2
donde y =
yi
i =0
xi
yi
xi y i
x2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
sumas
0.2
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.6
7.4
0.050446
0.098426
0.33277
0.7266
1.0972
1.50697
1.8487
2.5015
8.162612
0.0100892
0.0295278
0.199662
0.65394
1.20692
1.959061
2.58818
4.0024
10.64978
0.04
0.09
0.36
0.81
1.21
1.69
1.96
2.56
8.72
a1 =
8(10.64) (7.4)(8.16)
8(8.72) (7.4)
a1 = 1.65299408
_
a 0 = y a1 x
n xi2 xi
i =0
i =o
n
x=
x
i =0
a 0 = y a1 x
8.16
7 .4
1.65
8
8
a 0 = 0.508693024
a0 =
x
0.2
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.6
NGJ/v06
f ( x ) = 0.50 + 1.65 x
f ( x ) real
f ( x) lineal
0.050446
0.098426
0.33277
0.7266
1.0972
1.50697
1.8487
2.5015
1.551255475
1.500386173
1.347778266
1.195170358
1.093431754
0.991693149
0.940823846
0.839085242
Unidad VI
error
2975%
1424%
305%
64%
0%
34%
49%
66%
11
xi
yi
xi y i
x2
x3
x4
xi2 y i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0.2
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.6
0.050446
0.098426
0.33277
0.7266
1.0972
1.50697
1.8487
2.5015
0.0100892
0.0295278
0.199662
0.65394
1.20692
1.959061
2.58818
4.0024
0.04
0.09
0.36
0.81
1.21
1.69
1.96
2.56
0.008
0.027
0.216
0.729
1.331
2.197
2.744
4.096
0.0016
0.0081
0.1296
0.6561
1.4641
2.8561
3.8416
6.5536
0.00201784
0.00885834
0.1197972
0.588546
1.327612
2.5467793
3.623452
6.40384
sumas
7.4
8.162612
10.64978
8.72
11.348
15.5108
14.6209027
n
n
n
x
xi2
i =1
i =1
n
n
n
2
3
x
x
i i xi
i =1
i =1
i =1
n
n
n
2
3
4
x
x
i i xi
i =1
i =1
i =1
a 0 = 0.096075091
n
y i
i =1
n
= xi y i
i =1
n 2
xi y i
i =1
7.4
8.82
8
8.16
7.4
a1 = 0.347660041
a 2 = 1.1429676
f ( x) = 0.09 0.34 x + 1.1429676 x 2
NGJ/v06
f ( x ) real
f ( x ) cuadrtica
error
0.2
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.6
0.050446
0.098426
0.33277
0.7266
1.0972
1.50697
1.8487
2.5015
0.07226187
0.09464435
0.29894815
0.70898649
1.09664235
1.57573579
1.8495716
2.4658214
43%
4%
10%
2%
0%
5%
0%
1%
Unidad VI
12
2
3
n
x
x
x
i
i
i
y i
i =1
i =1
i =1
i =1
n
n
n
n
n
2
3
4
. xi
x i xi xi
xi y i
i =1
i =1
i =1
i =1
= i =1
n
n
n
n
n
2
3
4
2
xi5
xi xi xi
xi y i
i =1
i =1
i =1
i =1
i =1
n
n
n
n
n
3
4
3
xi5 xi6 .
xi xi
. xi y i
i =1
i =1
i =1
i =1
i =1
xi
yi
xi y i
x2
x3
x4
xi2 y i
x5
x6
xi3 y i
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
sumas
0.2
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.6
7.4
0.050446
0.098426
0.33277
0.7266
1.0972
1.50697
1.8487
2.5015
8.162612
0.0100892
0.0295278
0.199662
0.65394
1.20692
1.959061
2.58818
4.0024
10.64978
0.04
0.09
0.36
0.81
1.21
1.69
1.96
2.56
8.72
0.008
0.027
0.216
0.729
1.331
2.197
2.744
4.096
11.348
0.0016
0.0081
0.1296
0.6561
1.4641
2.8561
3.8416
6.5536
15.5108
0.00201784
0.00885834
0.1197972
0.588546
1.327612
2.5467793
3.623452
6.40384
14.6209027
0.00032
0.00243
0.07776
0.59049
1.61051
3.71293
5.37824
10.48576
21.85844
0.000064
0.000729
0.046656
0.531441
1.771561
4.826809
7.529536
16.777216
31.484012
0.000403568
0.002657502
0.07187832
0.5296914
1.4603732
3.31081309
5.0728328
10.246144
20.69479388
7.4
8
7.4
8.72
8.72 11.34
11.34 15.51
NGJ/v06
8.72 11.34
8.16 a 0 = 0.05785225
10.64 a = 0.48450563
11.34 15.51
1
a 2 = 0.06298927
15.51 14.62
14.62
21.85 31.48.
.20.69 a3 = 0.39573687
f ( x) = 0.05 + 0.48 x + 0.06 x 2 + 0.39 x 3
f ( x ) real
f ( x ) cbica
error
0.2
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.6
0.050446
0.098426
0.33277
0.7266
1.0972
1.50697
1.8487
2.5015
0.04473434
0.103853366
0.341006424
0.717716295
1.078046721
1.547890821
1.829816552
11%
6%
2%
1%
2%
3%
1%
Unidad VI
13
k = ze 1.98T .
E
NGJ/v06
Unidad VI
14
5. Los valores
0.0
10.0
27.4
42.1
t
61.5
62.1
66.3
70.3
s
Representan la cantidad s en gramos de dicromato de potasio disueltos en 100 partes
de agua a la temperatura t indicada en oC. La relacin entre estas variables es
log 10 s = a + bt + ct 2 . Calcula los parmetros a, b y c por el mtodo de mnimos
cuadrados.
NGJ/v06
Unidad VI
15
x
y
NGJ/v06
10
0.48
20
0.42
Unidad VI
30
0.40
40
0.39
16
a1 =
a1 = b
n xi y i
i =0
i =0
a 0 = y a1 x
yi
26.43
22.4
19.08
16.32
14.04
12.12
10.51
9.15
8
138.05
14.7
17.53
20.8
24.54
28.83
33.71
39.25
45.49
52.52
277.37
i =0
2
2.68784749
2.8639137
3.03495299
3.20030444
3.36141651
3.51779453
3.66995144
3.81749252
3.96119405
30.1148677
donde y =
NGJ/v06
i =0
x = ln v
3.27449973
3.10906096
2.94864067
2.79239135
2.6419104
2.49485698
2.35232718
2.21375388
2.07944154
23.9068827
8.80135589
8.90408227
8.9489858
8.93650243
8.88056124
8.77639424
8.63292655
8.45098888
8.23707146
78.5688688
x=
x
i =0
n
x
10.7223485
9.66626005
8.69448178
7.79744945
6.97969055
6.22431135
5.53344318
4.90070624
4.32407713
64.8427682
b = 1.0653266
P = 481.037426v
26.43
22.4
19.08
16.32
14.04
12.12
10.51
9.15
8
yi
n
x* y
a = 481.037426
n xi2 xi
i =0
i =o
y = ln P
P
suma
xi
x = ln x
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
P
14.7
17.53
20.8
24.54
28.83
33.71
39.25
45.49
52.52
1.0653266
P calculada
14.6953838
17.5276519
20.7943174
24.5604223
28.830898
33.7205544
39.2498789
45.4937151
52.4919955
Unidad VI
error
0.03%
0.01%
0.03%
0.08%
0.00%
0.03%
0.00%
0.01%
0.05%
17
n
n
n
y = ln(3 y )
a
y
=
a1 x
0
n xi y i xi y i
n
n
i =0
i =0
a 0 = ln 3
a1 = i =0
2
y
xi
n
n
i
_
_
a1 = a
i =0
i =0
n xi2 xi
donde y =
x=
i =0
i =o
x=X
n
n
2
y = ln(3 Y )
x* y
x
x
Y
1
2
3
4
5
7
suma
2
4
6
12
18
24
1.07
1.88
2.26
2.78
2.97
2.99
13.95
66
0.65752
0.11332869
-0.30110509
-1.51412773
-3.5065579
-4.60517019
-9.15611222
1.31504001
0.45331474
-1.80663056
-18.1695328
-63.1180422
-110.524084
-191.849935
4
16
36
144
324
576
1100
a = 0.22685692
y = 3 3(0.22) x
Y
2
4
6
12
18
24
NGJ/v06
1.07
1.88
2.26
2.78
2.97
2.99
Y calculada
1.09420653
1.78931708
2.23089613
2.80282641
2.94945101
2.98704086
Unidad VI
error
2.26%
4.82%
1.29%
0.82%
0.69%
0.10%
18
k = ze 1.98T .
E
1.98T
ln k = ln z
E
1.98T
y = ln k
a 0 = ln z
a1 =
E
1.98
a1 =
n xi y i
i =0
a 0 = y a1 x
yi
i =0
i =0
2
n
n x xi
i =0
i =o
n
2
i
1
x=
T
T
1
293
2
300
3
320
4
340
5
360
6
380
7
400
sumas 2393
x=
y = ln k
k
0.0000853
0.0000191
0.00156
0.01
0.0522
0.2284
0.8631
1.1553644
donde y =
1
T
x* y
-9.3693361 0.00341297
-10.8658222 0.00333333
-6.46306946
0.003125
-4.60517019 0.00294118
-2.95267278 0.00277778
-1.4766568 0.00263158
-0.14722472
0.0025
-35.8799523 0.02072184
-0.03197726
-0.03621941
-0.02019709
-0.01354462
-0.00820187
-0.00388594
-0.00036806
-0.11439424
a1 = 11286.06485
a 0 = 28.28400436
z = 1.92126 x10
E = 22346.40841
12
k = 1.92126 x1012 e
T
293
300
320
340
360
380
400
NGJ/v06
xi
0.0000853
0.0000191
0.00156
0.01
0.0522
0.2284
0.8631
K
calculada
3.58923E-05
8.81728E-05
0.000925711
0.007370247
0.046599019
0.242642455
1.071267187
Unidad VI
yi
x=
i =0
x
i =0
x2
1.16484E-05
1.11111E-05
9.76563E-06
8.65052E-06
7.71605E-06
6.92521E-06
0.00000625
6.20669E-05
1.98T
error
57.92%
361.64%
40.66%
26.30%
10.73%
6.24%
24.12%
19
I = 1 e
ln(1 I ) =
y = ln(1 I )
a0 = 0
a1 =
a1 =
I
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
sumas
2.8
i =0
0.073
0.22
0.301
0.37
0.418
0.467
0.517
2.366
-0.07580171
-0.24846136
-0.35810454
-0.46203546
-0.54128483
-0.62923385
-0.72773863
-3.04266038
a1 = 1.03590572
I = 1 e
t
I
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
NGJ/v06
0.073
0.22
0.301
0.37
0.418
0.467
0.517
I calculada
0.09840564
0.18712761
0.26711884
0.33923848
0.40426114
0.4628852
0.51574033
xi
i =0
y
i =0
2
n
n
n xi2 xi
i =0
i =o
y = ln(1 I )
x2
x=t
x=t
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
n xi y i
0.01
0.04
0.09
0.16
0.25
0.36
0.49
1.4
y*x
-0.00758017
-0.04969227
-0.10743136
-0.18481418
-0.27064242
-0.37754031
-0.50941704
-1.50711775
= 0.96533881
0.96
error
34.80%
14.94%
11.26%
8.31%
3.29%
0.88%
0.24%
Unidad VI
20
y = log10 s
a0 = a
2
x
a1 = b
a2 = c
x=t
1
2
3
suma
10
27.4
42.5
79.9
x=t
y = log10 s
x2
62.1 1.7930916
100
66.3 1.82151353
750.76
70.3 1.84695533 1806.25
198.7 5.46156045 2657.01
x x
x x
x x
x3
1000
20570.824
76765.625
98336.449
x4
= xy
2
x y
x* y
10000
563640.578
3262539.06
3836179.64
x2 * y
17.930916
179.30916
49.9094707
1367.5195
78.4956013 3336.06306
146.335988 4882.89171
79.9
2657.01
3
5.46156045 a = 1.777190807
79.9
2657.01
98336.449 = 146.335988 b = 0.00157425
NGJ/v06
real
calculada
62.1 62.0796328
66.3 66.1254495
70.3 69.8495671
error
0.03%
0.26%
0.64%
Unidad VI
21
x
y
Solucin
20
0.42
30
0.40
40
0.39
para x = 10 y = 0.48
(1) :
e 2b =
0.48 a
ln
0.49 a
b=
2
0.48 a
0.49 a
(2) :
e 22b =
0.48 a
0.42 a
ln
ln
0.49 a = 0.49 a
2
12
0.42 a
ln
0.49 a
b=
12
0.42 a
0.49 a
0.42 a
0.48 a
ln
ln
0.49 a = 0.49 a
12
2
0.48 a
0.42 a
12 ln
= 2 ln
0.49 a
0.49 a
0.48 a
0.49 a
12
0.42 a
=
0.49 a
0.48 a
0.49 a
12
0.42 a
0.49 a
NGJ/v06
=0
resolviendo
Unidad VI
0.48 a
f (a) =
0.49 a
12
0.42 a
0.49 a
22
xI
0.43
0.435
0.435
0.435
0.435625
0.435625
0.43578125
0.43585938
0.43585938
0.43587891
0.43587891
0.43587891
0.43588135
0.43588257
0.43588318
0.43588348
0.43588364
0.43588371
f ( xI )
-27.0838996
-2.33219175
-2.33219175
-2.33219175
-0.6518188
-0.6518188
-0.25538888
-0.0604066
-0.0604066
-0.01198865
-0.01198865
-0.01198865
-0.00594553
-0.00292472
-0.0014145
-0.00065945
-0.00028193
-9.3171E-05
xD
f ( xD )
xm
0.44
0.44
0.4375
0.43625
0.43625
0.4359375
0.4359375
0.4359375
0.43589844
0.43589844
0.43588867
0.43588379
0.43588379
0.43588379
0.43588379
0.43588379
0.43588379
0.43588379
8.30191523
8.30191523
3.62538063
0.88427467
0.88427467
0.13249205
0.13249205
0.13249205
0.03629989
0.03629989
0.01217174
9.5583E-05
9.5583E-05
9.5583E-05
9.5583E-05
9.5583E-05
9.5583E-05
9.5583E-05
0.435
0.4375
0.43625
0.435625
0.4359375
0.43578125
0.43585938
0.43589844
0.43587891
0.43588867
0.43588379
0.43588135
0.43588257
0.43588318
0.43588348
0.43588364
0.43588371
0.43588375
f ( xm )
-2.33219175
3.62538063
0.88427467
-0.6518188
0.13249205
-0.25538888
-0.0604066
0.03629989
-0.01198865
0.01217174
9.5583E-05
-0.00594553
-0.00292472
-0.0014145
-0.00065945
-0.00028193
-9.3171E-05
1.206E-06
a = 0.43588375
0.48 0.435
ln
0.49 0.435
b=
= 0.1021453045
2
y = 0.435 + (0.49 0.435)e 0.102( x 8)
y = 0.435 + 0.05411625e 0.102( x 8)
NGJ/v06
Unidad VI
23
y = a0 x
y=
a1 =
n xi y i
i =0
a0 x
x + a1
y = a0 a1 y
x y
i
i =0
i =0
a 0 = y a1 x
n xi2
(x )
i =0
donde y =
i =0
x
i =1
i =1
2
i
2
i
.............. xim
i =1
x
i =1
m +1
i
x
i =1
i =1
n
3
i
............... xim +1
4
i
............... xim + 2
3
i
x
i =1
x
n
i =1
i =1
n
x
i =1
i =1
............... xim + m
m+2
i
i =1
Error
S t = yi y
i =0
n
i =0
n
n x xi
i =0
i =0
S Sr
r = t
St
x=
i =0
x
i =0
y i
i =1
xi y i
i =1
n 2
= xi y i
i =1
n m
xi y i
i =1
n
i =0
i =0
n xi y i x i y i
r=
n
2
i
yi
y = a 0 + a1 x + a 2 x + a 3 x + .......... . + a m x
n
xi
i =1
n 2
xi
i =1
.
.
n m
xi
i =1
NGJ/v06
a1
y = a0 + a1 x + e
n
Polinomios
Ln ( y ) = Ln (a0 ) + a1 x
y = a0e a1 x
Unidad VI
n
n y y i
i =0
i =0
S t = yi y
i =0
n
2
i
24
Sr
n2
x
y = a 0 + a1 x1 + a 2 x 2 + a3 x3 + ........... + a m x m
Sy =
multivariable
n
x1,i
i =1
n
x 2 ,i
i =1
.
.
n
x m ,i
i =1
NGJ/v06
x
i =1
1,i
i =1
x
i =0
2
1,i
i =1
2 ,i 1,i
............. x 2,i x m ,i
i =1
i =0
2
2 ,i
m ,i 1,i
i =1
x
i =1
1,i
i =1
2 ,i
x
i =1
i =1
m ,i
x 2,i ........... x m2 ,i
Unidad VI
i =0
y i
i =1
x1,i y i
i =1
= x 2 ,i y i
i =1
x m ,i y i
i =1
25