Heat Loss From A Buried Oil Pipe

Heat loss from a buried oil line Conduction shape factor
[12], page 144, Eq. (3.32)

Example 3.3 [12]
Heat loss from a buried oil line P =
k * S * At
P: heat flow rate [W]
An oil pipeline whith an outside diameter "d1", is buried with its k: thermal conductivity of media [W/(m K)]
centerline "h" below ground level in damp soil. S: conduction shape factor [m]
The length of the line is "L" and the mass flow rate of the oil is "m". Dt: difference in surface temperatures [K]
The oil inlet temperature is "t
in
" and the ground level soil is at "t
GLS
"
Required are: Oil outlet temperature for an uninsulated pipe "tout_UP" Table 3.2 [12], pages 142 and 143 presents
and for an insulated pipe "t
out_IP
" with an insulation layer with a shape factors for a series of situations.
thickness "s" and a thermal conductivity "k
ins
". The soil thermal
conductivity is "k
Soil
". The oil specific heat is "c
p_oil
" For a buried cylinder, case 8 of Table 3.2
d
1
= 0.3 m
h = 1 m
L = 5000 m
m = 2.5 kg/s
t
in
= 120 C
t
GLS
= 23 C
s = 150 mm
k
ins
= 0.03 W/(m K)
k
Soil
= 1.5 W(m K)
c
p
_
oil
= 2000 J/(kg K)
For the Uninsulated Pipe case (UP) and for the Insulated Pipe (IP)
the outlet temperatures and heat losses are required
Assumptions:
Steady state
Deep ground temperature same as surface temperature
Negligible resistance of the pipe wall and for convection from de oil
Isothermal surface exposed to oil
h
t
1
L
Ground level soil at t
2
= t
r
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
2
cosh
2
r h for
r
h
Ln
L
S
r
h
L
S
>
|
|
.
|
\
|

=
|
|
.
|
\
|

=
t
t
A.- Non insulated pipe
Outlet temperature
h / r
1
h = 1 m
r
1
= 0.15 m
k: thermal conductivity of media [W/(m K)] h / r
1
= 6.7
S: conduction shape factor [m] h / r
1
= h>3 t
out
= t
in
- c * (t
in
- t
GLS
)
Dt: difference in surface temperatures [K] t
in
= 120 C
S = 2 * t * L / Ln(2*h/r
1
)
c =
0.974
Table 3.2 [12], pages 142 and 143 presents L = 5,000 m t
GLS
= 23 C
shape factors for a series of situations. h = 1.0 m t
out
= 25.6 C
r
1
= 0.15 m
For a buried cylinder, case 8 of Table 3.2 S = 12,128 m Heat flow rate
Q = m * c
p_oil
* (t
in
- t
out
)
m = 2.5 kg/s
c
p
_
oil
= 2 kJ/(kg K)
t
in
= 120 C
t
out
= 25.6 C
N
tu
= k
Soil
*S / (m * c
p_oil
) Q = 472.2 kW
k
Soil
= 1.5 W(m K)
S = 12,128 m
m = 2.5 kg/s
c
p
_
oil
= 2000 J/(kg K)
N
tu
= 3.64
Effectivness
c =
1 - Exp(-N
tu
)
N
tu
= 3.64
c = 0.974
L
Ground level soil at t
2
= t
GLS
e) (Eq.
c m
S k
N
p
tu
=
(1.59) e 1
tu
N
=
) (1.5
t t
t t
GLS in
out in
7
=
) (
1
2
1
g
S k k L
r
r
Ln
U L Per
soil insul
i
e
e

+

|
|
.
|
\
|
=
t
Rev. cjc. 21.02.2014
B.- Insulated pipe (note)
N
tu
= Per
e
*L*U / (m * cp )
From Annex A Per
e
*L*U = 1289 W/K
m = 2.5 kg/s
c
p
_
oil
= 2000 J/(kg K)
N
tu
= 0.258
Insulated radius Effectivness
r
2
= r
1
+ s
r
1
= 0.15 m
s = 0.15 m
r
2
= 0.30 m
c =
1 - Exp(-N
tu
)
N
tu
= 0.26
with
c =
0.227
S = 2 * t * L / Ln(2*h/r
1
)
L = 5,000 m Outlet temperature
h = 1.0 m
r
2
= 0.30 m
S = 16,560 m
1/(Pere*L*U)=Ln(re/ri) /(2*t*L*kinsul)+1/(ksoil * S)
t
out
= t
in
- c * (t
in
- t
GLS
)
r
e
= 0.30 m t
in
= 120 C
r
i
= 0.15 m
c =
0.227
L = 5000 m t
GLS
= 23 C
k
insul
= 0.03 W/(m K) t
out
= 98.0 C
k
soill
= 1.5 W/(m K)
S = 16,560 m Heat flow rate
1/(Per
e
*L*U)= 0.00077571 Q = m * c
p_oil
* (t
in
- t
out
)
Per
e
*L*U = 1289 W/K m = 2.5 kg/s
c
p
_
oil
= 2 kJ/(kg K)
Ntu t
in
= 120 C
t
out
= 98.0 C
Q = 110.2 kW
(Note)
The uninsulated case cannot be solved exactly using the shape factor concept,
since when the insulation is added to the pipe, the outer surface of the insulation
will not be isothermal. However, to get some idea of the effect of the insulation,
an isothermal surface will be assumed. [12]
) (
1
2
1
g
S k k L
r
r
Ln
U L Per
soil insul
i
e
e

+

|
|
.
|
\
|
=
t
) e (Eq.
c m
L Per U
N
p
tu
'

=
(1.59) e 1
tu
N
=
) (1.5
t t
t t
GLS in
out in
7
=
Heat loss from a buried oil line
An oil pipeline whith an outside diameter "d1", is buried with its
centerline "h" below ground level in damp soil.
The length of the line is "L" and the mass flow rate of the oil is "m".
in
GLS
"
Required are: Oil outlet temperature for an uninsulated pipe "tout_UP"
out_IP
" with an insulation layer with a
ins
". The soil thermal
conductivity is "k
Soil
p_oil
"
d
1
=
h =
L =
m =
t
in
=
t
GLS
=
s =
k
ins
=
k
Soil
=
c
p
_
oil
=
h / r
1
h =
r
1
=
h / r
1
=
h / r
1
=
S =
L =
h =
r
1
=
S =
N
tu
=
k
Soil
=
S =
m =
c
p
_
oil
=
N
tu
=
Effectivness
c =
N
tu
=
c =
Outlet temperature
t
out
=
t
in
=
c =
t
GLS
=
t
out
=
Este link muestra la parte del libro que contiene el ejercicio
http://books.google.cl/books?id=BVSH2AkjpP8C&pg=PA145&lpg=PA145&dq=heat+loss+buried+pipe+insulation&source=bl&ots=VwD7HwB_wY&sig=icvMkS6rV1ZmLtwWQn41Jg-xwRI&hl=es-419&sa=X&ei=CXYGU8KlB-amsQSVwYHQBg&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=heat%20loss%20buried%20pipe%20insulation&f=false
in
GLS
"
out_IP
ins
". The soil thermal
conductivity is "k
Soil
p_oil
"
d
1
=
h =
L =
m =
t
in
=
t
GLS
=
s =
k
ins
=
k
Soil
=
c
p
_
oil
=
h / r
1
h =
r
1
=
h / r
1
=
h / r
1
=
S =
L =
h =
r
1
=
S =
N
tu
=
k
Soil
=
S =
m =
c
p
_
oil
=
N
tu
=
Effectivness
e) (Eq.
c m
S k
N
p
tu
=
(1.59) e 1
tu
N
=
| |
.
e) (Eq.
c m
S k
N
) e (Eq.
c m
L Per U
N
c m
S k
c m
L Per U
N
e) (Eq.
c m
S k
c m
L Per U
N
d) (Eq. in d) (Eq. Replacing
d) (Eq. S k L Per U
pipe the for And
S k x Per U
c) (Eq. t S k Q
b) (Eq. t x Per U Q
(c) and (b) equations From
soil and fluid
between al differenti e temperatur t:
geometry given for factor shape S:
K m
W
ty conductivi thermal soil k:
c) (Eq. t S k Q
pipeline the for rate transfer Heat
.
b) (Eq. t x Per U Q
t" " al differenti e temperatur
a and "U" t coefficien transfer
heat global a with "Per" perimeter
and "x length of exchanger of
element an for " Q " transfer Heat
a) (Eq.
c m
L Per U
N
" "N units transfer of Number
) (1.5
t t
t t
(1.59) e 1
exchanger heat the of ess Effectiven
page pipe buried a from loss Heat
p
tu
p
tu
p p
tu
p p
tu
p
tu
tu
GLS in
out in
N
tu

=
=
=
=
=
(
=
=
=
=

'
7
" "
145 12 .
c
c =
N
tu
=
c =
Outlet temperature
t
out
=
t
in
=
c =
t
GLS
=
t
out
=
e) (Eq.
c m
S k
N
p
tu
=
(1.59) e 1
tu
N
=
) (1.5
t t
t t
GLS in
out in
7
=
| |
.
e) (Eq.
c m
S k
N
) e (Eq.
c m
L Per U
N
c m
S k
c m
L Per U
N
e) (Eq.
c m
S k
c m
L Per U
N
d) (Eq. in d) (Eq. Replacing
d) (Eq. S k L Per U
pipe the for And
S k x Per U
c) (Eq. t S k Q
b) (Eq. t x Per U Q
(c) and (b) equations From
soil and fluid
between al differenti e temperatur t:
geometry given for factor shape S:
K m
W
ty conductivi thermal soil k:
c) (Eq. t S k Q
pipeline the for rate transfer Heat
.
b) (Eq. t x Per U Q
t" " al differenti e temperatur
a and "U" t coefficien transfer
heat global a with "Per" perimeter
and "x length of exchanger of
element an for " Q " transfer Heat
a) (Eq.
c m
L Per U
N
" "N units transfer of Number
) (1.5
t t
t t
(1.59) e 1
exchanger heat the of ess Effectiven
page pipe buried a from loss Heat
p
tu
p
tu
p p
tu
p p
tu
p
tu
tu
GLS in
out in
N
tu

=
=
=
=
=
(
=
=
=
=

'
7
" "
145 12 .
c
) e (Eq.
c m
L Per U
N
p
tu
'

=
in
GLS
"
out_IP
ins
". The soil thermal
conductivity is "k
Soil
p_oil
"
0.3 m
1 m
5000 m
2.5 kg/s
120 C
23 C
150 mm
0.03 W/(m K)
1.5 W(m K)
2000 J/(kg K)
1 m
0.15 m
6.7
h>3
2 * t * L / Ln(2*h/r
1
)
5,000 m
1.0 m
0.15 m
12,128 m
k
Soil
*S / (m * c
p_oil
)
1.5 W(m K)
12,128 m
2.5 kg/s
2000 J/(kg K)
3.64
e) (Eq.
c m
S k
N
p
tu
=
(1.59) e 1
tu
N
=
1 - Exp(-N
tu
)
3.64
0.974
Outlet temperature
t
in
- c * (t
in
- t
GLS
)
120 C
0.974
23 C
25.6 C
(1.59) e 1
tu
N
=
) (1.5
t t
t t
GLS in
out in
7
=
Annex A
| |
( )
( )
( )
( )
+
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=
(
+
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|

=
=
(
+
|
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= =
+ =
|
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=
=
=
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=
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=
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=
S k
L Per
r
r
Ln
k
r
L Per U L Per
S k
L Per
r
r
Ln
k
r
L Per
t t
Q
t t
S k
L Per
r
r
Ln
k
r
L Per
Q
Q Q Q with
t t t t
S k
Q
L Per r
r
Ln
k
r
Q
f and e equations Adding
f t t
S k
Q
t t S k Q
e t t
L Per r
r
Ln
k
r
Q
r
r
Ln
k
r
t t
L Per Q
r Per
r
r
Ln
k
r
t t
L r Q
r
r
Ln
t t
L k Q
equation page
cylinder a across flow Heat
soil
e
i
e
insul
e
e e
soil
e
i
e
insul
e
e
soil i
soil i
soil
e
i
e
insul
e
e
soil insul
soil e e i
soil
soil
e i
e
insul
e
insul
soil e
soil
soil
soil e soil soil
e i
e i
e
insul
e
insul
i
e
insul
e
e i
e insul
e e
i
e
insul
e
e i
e insul
1
1
1
1 1
) ( ) (
) (
1
) (
1
2
2
) 14 . 2 ( 2
) 14 . 2 ( , 69 , 12
1
2
2 1
t
t
t
( )
( )
) (
1
2
1
2
1 1
1 1
1
1
g
S k k L
r
r
Ln
U L Per
S k
L Per
r
r
Ln
k
r
L r U L Per
S k
L Per
r
r
Ln
k
r
L Per U L Per
S k
L Per
r
r
Ln
k
r
L Per
U L Per
S k
L Per
r
r
Ln
k
r
L Per U L Per
t t U L Per Q
t t
S k
L Per
r
r
Ln
k
r
L Per Q
soil insul
i
e
e
soil
e
i
e
insul
e
e e
soil
e
i
e
insul
e
e e
soil
e
i
e
insul
e
e
e
soil
e
i
e
insul
e
e e
soil i e
soil i
soil
e
i
e
insul
e
e
+

|
|
.
|
\
|
=

(
+
|
|
.
|
\
|

=

(
+
|
|
.
|
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|
+
|
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.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
=

+
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
t
t
) (
1
2
1
g
S k k L
r
r
Ln
U L Per
soil insul
i
e
e

+

|
|
.
|
\
|
=
t
( )
( )
) (
1
2
1
2
1 1
1 1
1
1
g
S k k L
r
r
Ln
U L Per
S k
L Per
r
r
Ln
k
r
L r U L Per
S k
L Per
r
r
Ln
k
r
L Per U L Per
S k
L Per
r
r
Ln
k
r
L Per
U L Per
S k
L Per
r
r
Ln
k
r
L Per U L Per
t t U L Per Q
t t
S k
L Per
r
r
Ln
k
r
L Per Q
soil insul
i
e
e
soil
e
i
e
insul
e
e e
soil
e
i
e
insul
e
e e
soil
e
i
e
insul
e
e
e
soil
e
i
e
insul
e
e e
soil i e
soil i
soil
e
i
e
insul
e
e
+

|
|
.
|
\
|
=

(
+
|
|
.
|
\
|

=

(
+
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|
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|
+
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|
+
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.
|
\
|
=
=

+
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
t
t
) (
1
2
1
g
S k k L
r
r
Ln
U L Per
soil insul
i
e
e

+

|
|
.
|
\
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=
t
[12] Heat and mass transfer
Anthony F. Mills
Irwin 1995

Heat Loss From A Buried Oil Pipe

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Heat Loss From A Buried Oil Pipe

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Heat loss from a buried oil line Conduction shape factor

[12], page 144, Eq. (3.32)

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