"FLAGTOP" F: Follicle Stimulating Hormone L: Luteinizing Hormone A: ACTH G: Growth Hormone T: Thyroi Stimulating Hormone O: !SH " melanOcyte stimulating hormone P: Prolactin FSH in males irectly stimulates s#ermatogenesis " s#erm loo$ li$e "FiSH%" &n 'emales( FSH o)*iously stimulates o*arian 'ollicles +which secrete estrogens( which stimulate enometrial #roli'eration,% LH in males stimulates anrogen secretion so males )ecome "Li$e Hairy A#es" +LH - A,% Anrogens also stimulate s#ermatogenesis( so LH also inirectly stimulates s#ermatogenesis% &n 'emales( LH stimulates the cor#us luteum +which secretes estrogens an #rogesterone( which stimulate the enometrium,% Autonomic .er*ous System Sym#athetic: 'ight or 'light Parasym#athetic: rest an igest Causes o' /e*iations 'rom Hary"0ein)erg 12uili)rium "!aggie !ay /oes .ot Smo$e" !utations( !igration( genetic /ri't( .on"ranom mating( Selection% Cell Cycle "Go Sally Go3 !a$e Chilren3" G4( S( G5( !( C Growth #hase 4( /.A Synthesis +re#lication,( Growth #hase 5( !itosis( Cyto$inesis% !itosis "Peo#le !eet An Tal$"( or "P!AT" Pro#hase( !eta#hase( Ana#hase( Telo#hase% !eiosis "P!AT 65" Pro#hase &( !eta#hase &( Ana#hase &( Telo#hase &( Pro#hase &&( !eta#hase &&( Ana#hase &&( Telo#hase &&( +.ote: 7 ha#loi aughter cells instea o' 5 i#loi aughter cells, Chorate Features "/o .ot Pinch Peo#le" /orsal( hollow ner*e cor .otochor Pharyngeal slits Postanal tail /e*elo#mental Stages "!ust Be Goo" !orula( Blastula( Gastrula Fat"solu)le 8itamins "A/19" 8itamins A(/(1( an 9 Gastrointestinal Hormones +i%e% ones that originate 'rom the G& tract, "Garlic Clo*es Smell 162uisite" Hormone Source Target Triggers 1''ects Gastrin Gastric mucosa Stomach Foo in stomach( #sychic 'actors &ncrease HCl secretion : gastric em#tying Cholecysto$inin +CC9, /uoenal mucosa Gall)laer : #ancreas Amino acis( #e#ties( 'atty acis in uoenum Contraction o' gall)laer : secretion o' #ancreatic ;uice Secretin Gastric mucosa Pancreas Aci in uoenum &ncrease )icar)onate secretion 1nterogastrone +gastric inhi)itory #e#tie, /uoenal mucosa Stomach Fat igestion #roucts in uoenum /ecreases gastric em#tying Hormones that &ncrease Bloo Glucose "ST1.GG" Somatotro#in +growth hormone, Thyroi hormones +thyro6ine an triioothyronine, 1#ine#hrine .ore#ine#hrine Glucagon Glucocorticosterois &mmunoglo)ulins "!A/G1" &g!( &gA( &g/( &gG( &g1 9ingoms "!y Poor Frien Pic$s A##les" !onera( Protista( Fungi( Plants( Animals !ale <e#roucti*e Tract +#ath o' s#erm, "S181. =P" Semini'erous tu)ules 1#iiymis 8as e'erens 1;aculatory uct +.othing, =rethra Penis !enstrual Cycle "FOL+, !+a,PS" O*arian cycle: Follicular #hase( O*ulatory #hase( Luteal #hase !enstrual cycle: !enstrual 'low( Proli'erati*e #hase( Secretory #hase The o*arian cycle controls the menstrual cycle% The cycles )egin +ay >, when menstrual 'low starts% At ay 47( the luteal an secretory #hases )egin an last until ay 5?( a'ter which the cycles )egin again% !olecular Genetics "1@ons 1@#resse( &.trons &. the trash" /.A e6#ression into mature m<.A "C=T the PA" Cytosine( =racil( an Thiamine are PArimiines +one"ring structures, "GAPur" Guanine an Aenine are P=<ines +two"ring structures, "All Tigers Can Growl" Aenine )ons to ThymineB Cytosine )ons to Guanine Or( "Pure Sil*er Ta6i" Purines( A an G( )on to #yrimiines( T an C( res#ecti*ely O6yhemoglo)in /issociation Cur*e Thin$ o' an e6ercising muscle 'or a rightwar shi't: 16ercising muscle is: hot( aciic +lactic aci,( hy#ercar)ic( an has increase 5(C"/PG% 16ercising muscle )ene'its 'rom increase o6ygen unloaing 'rom re )loo cells% Proteases in the /uoenum "1at Tener Chic$en Chun$s 1legantly" 1ntero$inase Try#sin Chymotry#sin Car)o6y#e#tiase 1lastase .ote: The 'irst enzyme is #rouce )y intestinal mucosal cells( while the others are #rouce in inacti*e #recursor 'orms )y the #ancreas% 1ntero$inase con*erts try#sinogen into try#sin Try#sin con*erts other try#sinogen molecules into try#sin Try#sin con*erts chymotry#sinogen into chymotry#sin Try#sin con*erts #rocar)o6y#e#tiase into car)o6y#e#tiase Try#sin con*erts #roelastase into elastase Scienti'ic !etho &nucti*e <easoning "&S GOHH" &nuction: S#eci'ic - General% Or( O)ser*ation - Hy#othesis - Hy#othesis"testing% The inucti*e #rocess #rocees 'rom s#eci'ic o)ser*ations to a general hy#othesis% /eucti*e <easoning "/+o,GS" /euction: General - S#eci'ic The eucti*e #rocess #rocees 'rom a general hy#othesis to #reictions a)out s#eci'ic o)ser*ations% Seimentation <ate o' Se/imentation is #ro#ortional to Size an /ensity !ore #recisely( terminal *elocity o' #article - raius5 6 +ensity " ensity o' meium, Sizes "Bowel !o*ement" or "B!" A Bacterium is a)out 4 !icron +4 mm, A eu$aryotic cell is a)out 4> times larger +4> mm, A *irus is a)out 4>> times smaller +>%>4 mm, .ote: these are *ery( *ery rough guies% The ranges o' sizes are wie% Striate !uscle "D&AH" D"line( &")an( A")an( H"zone Ta6onomy "9ing Philli# Came O*er From Great S#ain" 9ingom Phylum Class Orer Family Genus S#ecies 8erte)rate Features "C18ASAC9" Ce#halization 1nos$eleton 8erte)rae A6ial s$eleton S$ull A##enicular s$eleton Close circulatory system 9ineys 0hite Bloo Cells +&n orer o' ecreasing num)ers%, ".o)oy Li$es !y 1ucational Bac$groun" . .eutro#hils L Lym#hocytes ! !onocytes 1 1osino#hils B Baso#hils General Chemistry Boning "HO.C" H re2uires 4 more electron in its outer shell to )ecome sta)le% O re2uires 5% . re2uires C% C re2uires 7% Cation The "t" in cation loo$s li$e a #lus sign: "caEion%" 1lectrochemistry <euction occurs at the CathoeB O6iation at the Anoe% <emem)er that the terms )eginning with consonants are together( an those )eginning with *owels are together% "L1O is A G1<C +;er$," Loss o' 1lectrons is O6iation( which occurs at the Anoe% Gain o' 1lectrons is <euction( which occurs at the Cathoe% 1lectrolysis "!&T enough" !oles e#osite at an electroe F &tGnF Gi))Hs Free 1nergy "Goo Honey Tastes Sweet" /G F /H " T/S "Gee3 Plus Arty3 Than$ you3" /G F /G- E <TlnI "/elicious Gra#e'ruit " .ot For 1*eryone" /G- F "nF1- Henerson"Hassel)alch 12uation "H9 E AHA" or "Hong 9ong E American Hos#ital Association" #H F #9a E log4>+A"GHA, Hyrogen Boning "FO." 0hen a hyrogen atom is attache to either a 'luorine( o6ygen( or nitrogen atom( it can 'orm a hyrogen )on )etween it an another 'luorine( o6ygen( or nitrogen atom% .ernst 12uation "0e minus Arty +is, enough( than$ you%" 1 F 1- " +<TGnF,lnI Paramagnetism &' a com#oun has at least one un#aire electron( it is Paramagnetic( an will )e Pulle towar a magnetic 'iel% &' not( it is iamagnetic( an is wea$ly re#elle )y a magnetic 'iel% There is also a thir ty#e o' magnetism: 'erromagnetism( which is #resent in what we casually call "magnets(" e%g% iron( nic$el( co)alt% Iuantum .um)ers ".ational Li)rary +o', !eicine Sizzles" n( l( m( s l Iuantum .um)ers "Sensual Peo#le /o Fore#lay" s( #( ( '% Then it 'ollows the al#ha)et: g( h( i( ;( $( etc% State Functions "8G PH1ST" +8ery Goo Festi*al, The 'ollowing are all state 'unctions: 8 'or *olume G 'or Gi))Hs 'ree energy P 'or #ressure H 'or enthal#y 1 'or internal energy S 'or entro#y T 'or tem#erature Organic Chemistry Aition o' Amine to Car)onyl Grou# "S1 P&" +or "S1e P&e", Seconary amine - 1namine Primary amine - &mine +.ote: tertiary an 2uaternary amines o not react with the CF> grou#%, CisGtrans +Geometric, &somers "D: Dame Die 1: 1##osite" D 'or same sie an 1 'or o##osite sies Con'ormations Gauche con'ormation: &tHs "gauche" +ina##ro#riate, 'or one methyl grou# to stan too close to another grou#% Cyclohe6ane ring: 0hen you ha*e low energy( you sit own in a "CHA&<" to rest% "BOATS" can )e ti##y( so they are less sta)le% &somers "SS " 1/ " CC" &somers o' a sugar: &' the secon lowest "OH is on the Le't( the molecule is L% &' the "OH is on the <ight( itHs /% !eso Com#ouns "!eSo com#ouns ha*e a !irror o' Symmetry" Thus( e*en though they may ha*e stereogenic centers( they are achiral an so o not ha*e enantiomers% .!< /own'iel is /eshiele% !eta"/irecting Grou#s on a Benezene <ing "Iueen 1liza)eth SeconHs .a*y Commans( Controls( Communicates" I Iuaternary amino ".<CE 1 1ster "COO< S Sul'onic aci "SOCH . .itro ".O5 C Car)onyl "CHO C Car)o6yl "COOH C Cyano "C. Ortho" an Para" /irecting Grou#s on a Benezene <ing "AHA AHA P" A Al$yl "< H Halogen "@ A Al$o6yl "O< A Amino ".H5( ".H<( ".<5 +not ".<CE, H Hyro6yl "OH A Amie ".HCO< P Phenyl "CJHK Ty#es o' <eactions "S1A !Ou<.S CA.ne P1As" Su)stitution 1lectro#hilic " Aromatic !ost Other <eactions " .ucleo#hilic Su)stitution Car)onyl " Aition .ucleo#hilic Pi )ons " 1lectro#hilic Aition Physics Basic Physical Iuantities "Ta$ing Lu6urious Limos !ore .o6ious Than Cycling" Tem#erature +9, Length +m, Luminous intensity +C, !ass +$g, .um)er o' #articles +moles, Time +s, Charge +C, Ca#acitors "Iuintessential Curriculum 8itae" I F C8 "1nglan Hails Iueen 8ictoria" 1 +energy store, F -I8 1lastic !oulus "1ssay" 1lastic moulus F stress G strain i%e% "es" G "ai" or "essay" Stress is associate with the 'orss +'orce, a##lie% Strain is the e'ormation #rouce% 1lectromagnetic S#ectrum "<&8=@Ga"