SUITABILITY OF THE NEW POLISH

BLACKCURRANT CULTIVARS FOR

MECHANICAL FRUIT HARVEST
Pluta S. urawicz E.
Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture
96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
Pr emi ses f or under t ak i ng st udi es
Big economic importance (1
st.
place in the world in the fruits
production, 30-40% of the worl d production of the blackcurrant),
Great interest in the commercial and amateur cultivation,
High nutrient and health benefits contents of fruits and good
usefulness to the processing and freezing industri es,
Construction and production of different types of harvesters in
Poland,
Working out the technology of cultivation and mai ntaining
plantations established for fruit picking by harvests,
Good weather and soil conditions for blackcurrant growing in
Poland.
Long tradition in blackcurrant production
AIMS OF STUDIES:
Assessment of the
usefulness of new, Polish
blackcurrant cultivars for
the cultivation on
commercial plantations
established for fruit picking
by different harvesters
New blackcurrant cultivars released at the RIPF
Skierniewice and evaluated in the experiment
TISEL TIBEN
ORES
RUBEN
TINES
In 2000
The List of Cultivars and Plant Breeders Rights (PBR) - Poland
In 2005
PBR on the territory of EU till 2030
MATERIAL and METHODS:
Studies were carried out in 2 separate experiments located
on fields of the Experimental Orchard (SD) in Dabrowice
near Skierniewice, Central Poland
EXPERIMENT I established in 1998
Cultivars tested: Tiben, Tisel, Tines
Standard cultivars: Titania, Ben Connan
Ben Lomond
Studies carried out in 2000 - 2006
EXPERIMENT II established in 2002
Cultivars tested: Tiben, Tisel, Tines,
Ores and Ruben
Standard cultivars: Ojebyn andTi tania
Studies carried out in 2005- 2007
Both experiments were established according to the same arrangement of
random blocks in 4 replications, with 50 bushes per the plot, planted in the
density of 3.80 x 0.50 m (c. 5.000 plants/ha). Bushes of each cultivar grew in
separate (neighboring) rows, each of the length of about 200 m.
3,8 m
0,5 m
MATERIAL and METHODS:
Fruits were picked with
two types of Polish
made harvesters:
1. KPS 4b self-propelled
2. Arek 3 half-row
1
2
Traits were evaluated in both experiments:
1. Date of ripening (harvesti ng) of fruits
2. Fruit yield [t/ha]
3. Fruit size as a weight of 100 berries [g]
4. Size of bushes (high x width [m
2
]
5. Field resistance to fungal diseases: [ranking scale 1-5],
1 no symptoms, 3 medium, 5 the highest infection
- Powdery mildew (Sphareoctheca mors-uvae),
- Leaf spot (Drapenopezisa ribis)
- White pine blister rust (Cronatrium rubicola)
6. Damages of shoots and plants by harvester during fruit picking
In Experiment II, additionall y were evaluated:
- losses of the fruit yields (fruit left on bushes and dropped
on the soil)
- effectiveness of fruit picking by the self-propelled KPS-4b
harvester.
RESULTS
EXPERIPMENT I.
2000-2006
FRUIT YIELD [t/ha]
(Experimental Station at Dbrowice)
EXPERIMENT I establi shed in autumn 1998
Average for 2002-2006 harvester picking
6,2
7,3
7,0
8,4
8,0
9,9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Titania Ben
Connan
Ben
Lomond
Tisel Tines Tiben
FRIUT SIZE (weight of 100 berries) [g]
EXPERIMENT I establi shed in autumn 1998
Experimental Station Dbrowice
Average for 2000-2006
109
109 110
124
135
101
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Titania Ben
Connan
Ben
Lomond
Tisel Tines Tiben
FIELD RESISTANCE TO FUNGAL DISEASES
EXPERIMENT I (average for 2002-2006), [ranking scale 1-5]
1,7 2,3 1,0
6. Tiben
2,0 1,7 1,0
5. Tines
1,0 1,4 1.0
4. Tisel
2,3 2,0 4,0
3. Ben Lomond
2,1 1,8 1,0
2. Ben Connan
1,0 2,3 1,0
1. Titania
White pine
blister rust
Leaf spot
Powdery
mildew
Infection by fungal diseases
Culti var
Ranking scale: 1-5, 1 no symptoms, 3- medium, 5 very severe symptoms
BUSH SIZE (high x width) [m
2
]
EXPERIMENT I established in autumn 1998
Experimental Station Dbrowice
Average for 2000-2006
1,69
1,03 1,18
1,78
1,68
1,98
0,00
1,00
2,00
Titania Ben
Connan
Ben
Lomond
Tisel Tines Tiben
Damages of shoots: the biggest: TITANIA, TISEL, medium: TIBEN, TINES
the lowest: BEN LOMOND, BEN CONNAN
RESULTS
EXPERIMENT II
2005-2007
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
1
5
.
0
4
1
9
.
0
4
2
3
.
0
4
2
7
.
0
4
1
.
0
5
5
.
0
5
9
.
0
5
1
3
.
0
5
April 15 - May 15, 2007
T
e
m
p
r
e
t
u
r
e

[
o
C
]
MAXIMUM and MINIMUM TEMPERATURES
Experimental Station (SD) Dbrowice
near Skierniewice, Central Poland 2007
-4,4 -5,0
37
38
47
49
59
62
66
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
R
u
b
e
n
T
i
b
e
n
O
j
e
b
y
n
T
i
s
e
l
T
i
t
a
n
i
a
T
i
n
e
s
O
r
e
s
SPING FROST DAMAGES TO FLOWER BUDS,
Experiment II spring 2007 [%]
FRUIT YIELD [t/ha]
(Experimental Station Dbrowice, 2007
(cultivars arranged according to time of fruit ripening)
Experiment II established in 2002
2007 picking by harvester
5,5
4,5
3,4
3,9
5,1
5,6
5,1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Tisel Ojebyn Tines Titania Ores Ruben Tiben
FRUIT YIELD [t/ha]
(Experimental Station (SD) Dbrowice,
Experiment II - established in 2002
Average for 2006-2007 harvester picking
6,8
3,9
4,2
4,5 4,3
6,5
6,3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Tisel Ojebyn Tines Titania Ores Ruben Tiben
%
174
%
162
%
167
%
110
%
115
%
108
%
100
FRUIT SIZE (weight of 100 berries) [g]
Experimental Station Dbrowice,
Experiment II established in 2002
Average for 2005-2007
96
121 121
146
131
150
108
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Ojebyn Titania Tisel Tines Ores Ruben Tiben
FIELD RESISTANCE TO FUNGAL DISEASES
EXPERIMENT II (average for 2005-2007), [ranking scale 1-5]
1,2 2,0 1,0
7. Tiben
1,0 2,9 1,0
6. Ruben
1,0 2,7 1,0
5. Ores
1,8 3,4 1.0
4. Tines
1,0 2,9 1,0
3. Tisel
1,0 2,5 1,0
2. Titania
2,7 3,7 1,0
1. Ojebyn
White pine
blister rust
Leaf spot
Powdery
mildew
Infection by fungal diseases
Culti var
Ranking scale: 1-5, 1 no symptoms, 3- medium, 5 very severe symptoms
BUSH SIZE (heigh x width) [m
2
]
SD Dbrowice, (average for 2005-2007)
Experiment II established in 2002
1,32
1,68
1,36
1,20 1,21 1,24 1,74
0,00
1,00
2,00
Ojebyn Titania Tisel Tines Ores Ruben Tiben
Shoot damages: the highest - TITANIA medium - TISEL, ORES. RUBEN
the lowest - OJEBYN, TIBEN i TINES
Effectiveness of fruit picking by harvester [%]
(Experimental Station Dbrowice, 2007)
Experiment II - established in 2002
93,7 88,4 90,6
88,3
94,5 92,6 91,3
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
Ojebyn Titania Tisel Tines Ores Ruben Tiben
t/ha
4,5
t/ha
5,1
t/ha
5,6
t/ha
5,1
t/ha
3,4
t/ha
5,5
t/ha
3,9
CONCLUSIONS
1. New Polish cultivars confirm their high fruit productivity. Moreover, they
produce large or medium-size fruits.
2. From other studies we know that these cultivars posses high processing
suitability
3. All new Polish cultivars examined in both experiments demonstrate good
usefulness for the fruits picking by harvesters. In this respect, they equal
with the standard cultivars Ojebyn, Ben Lomond and Ben Connan, but
they are better than standard cultivar Titania.
4. Plants of Tisel, Ruben, Ores and Tiben are also resistant or low
susceptible to the main fungal diseases.
5. Implementation of these cultivars into commercial plantations will allow
further blackcurrant production intensification in Poland.
6. Presented results confirm that the Polish blackcurrant breeding program
has been effective and we except to release next cultivars soon with
increased production value.
THANK YOU