Organelles - structures that carry out specific functions in the cells
Unicellular organisms - organisms that consist of a single cell
Multicellular organisms - organisms that consist of more than 1 cell Tissue - group of similar cells performing a certain function Organ - group of different tissues that work together to carry out a function Cell specialisation - process of change and adaptation that a cell undergoes to give it special structures and specific functions Internal environment - conditions that exist within the ody of an organism! particularly etween the composition of the interstitial fluid and lood plasma "omeostasis - maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment for the optimum functions of cells #imple diffusion - net movement of molecules$ions from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration %down the concentration gradient& Osmosis - diffusion of water molecules across a semi-permeale memrane$ net movement of water molecules from a region of 'O( #O'UT) concentration to a region of "I*" #O'UT) concentration+ ,acilitated diffusion - movement of hydrophilic molecules$ions across the plasma memrane with the help of transport proteins -ctive transport - movement of molecules$ions from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration %-*-I.#T concentration gradient& Isotonic solution - solution in which concentration of solutes is e/ual to that of the cytoplasm of the cell "01)2tonic solution - higher concentration of solutes than that of a cell "01Otonic solution - solutions which contain a higher concentration of (-T)2 than that of the cytoplasm )lement - sustance composed of only 1 kind of atom which cannot e roken down into simpler sustances y chemical reactions Compound - sustance that contains 3$more elements chemically comined in a fixed ratio Monosaccharides$simple sugars - monomers of cars+ #implest cars+ 4isaccharides - 3 monosaccharides 5OI.)4 y CO.4).#-TIO. "ydrolysis - chemical reaction that involves the 62)-7I.* U1 of large molecules y adding water to them 1olysaccharides - polymers formed y condensation of glucose monomers Cellulose - sustance of which plant walls are made up of 1roteins - complex organic molecules that are made up of caron! hydrogen! oxygen and nitrogen+ Most also contain phosphorus and sulphur+ Made up of 1$more polymers %polypeptides& 'ipids and cars - organic compounds that contain caron! hydrogen and oxygen Triglycerides - ester formed through CO.4).#-TIO. of 1 molecule of glycerol and 8 molecules of fatty acids #aturated fats - fats containing saturated fatty acids Unsaturated fats - fats containing unsaturated fatty acids #teroids - complex organic compounds which include cholesterol and sex hormones -.-olism - metaolic reactions that 6UI'4 complex molecules C-T-olism - metaolic reactions that 62)-7 4O(. complex molecules )n9ymes - iological catalysts that direct$guide almost all cellular reactions #ustrate - reactant in the en9ymatic reaction 1roduct - sustance formed at the end of the reaction I.T2-cellular en9ymes - en9ymes which are produced and retained I. the cell for the use of the cell itself ):T2-celular en9ymes - en9ymes which are produced in the cell ut #)C2)T)4 from the cell to function ):T)2.-''0 Optimum p" - p" at which the rate of en9ymatic reaction is at its fastest