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Dear Reader,
When a hospital attorney paid a home visit to former
heart patient Mary, two things happened: she served him
home-baked cookies... and he broke down and cried.
Youll read Marys remarkable story in just a
moment because it exemplifies an exciting breakthrough
in modern heart health care. And it has nothing to do
with expensive drugs or invasive surgery. Its all about
getting to the real cause of a failing heart.
Dr. Stephen T. Sinatra, who has been practicing
cardiology for more than 35 years, has discovered
nutritional missing links in the treatment of
cardiovascular disease. Without these nutritional
building blocks, even sophisticated procedures like
angioplasty and coronary artery bypass surgery do not
fully restore normal heart function.
The result is that the same patients return again and
again in a cycle of revolving door medicine. The
patient is treated for one type of heart problem and sent
home with a handful of prescriptions, only to return in a
year or two with another complication. If the problem
was fixed, why did overall heart function not return to
normal?
Thats the question that plagued Dr. Sinatra. In spite
of the incredible advances in modern cardiology, he
found that his patients were still suffering while he
looked for more options. Even more frustrating was the
fact that the first symptom for half of all people with
heart disease is sudden cardiac death.
Dr. Sinatra decided to study the basic function of
heart cells and what makes them work. Over many years,
he uncovered the biochemical secrets of heart health.
And he learned how to restore heart function at the
cellular level. He calls his approach metabolic
cardiology.
It is the future of the treatment of heart disease.
Back to Marys Story...
79-year-old Mary was admitted to a community
hospital in Connecticut in October 1996 with congestive
heart failure and pneumonia. Except for childbirth, it
was her first time as a hospital patient. She had always
been a healthy, vibrant woman.
Now here she was, comatose and dependant on a
respirator to breathe. The prognosis was not good. But
Marys son Bob, a PhD biochemist, wanted to start Mary
on nutritional supplementation. He provided reams of
research for the doctors, but they wouldnt even consider
it. Bob tried to have his mother moved to another
hospital, but the community hospital enlisted lawyers to
block the transfer. The physicians on the case advised
the family to discontinue life support. Marys family
refused.
Bob was frantic and began to call other cardiologists.
When he reached Dr. Stephen Sinatra, who agreed to
dispense the supplement, he hit another roadblock. He
was advised that his mother might be too ill to transfer to
another treatment facility. But Bob was willing to take
the chance. The current hospital would not approve the
supplement even though they were willing to let Mary
die. Moving her was the only chance she had.
The final decision was left to the hospital attorney,
who reluctantly agreed to let Mary make the transfer.
Mary survived the trip to Connecticuts Manchester
Memorial Hospital where she was put back on full
respiratory support with the same ventilator settings. The
only change was the addition of the nutritional supple-
ment, delivered each day by a feeding tube.
On the third day, Mary began to come out of the
coma. Within ten days, she had been weaned off the
ventilator. In another four days she was sitting up in a
wheelchair and using only supplemental oxygen. She
was released from the hospital to an extended care
facility.
Mary was eventually able to go home and resume a
normal life. One of her major projects was to reorganize
a library of about 3,000 books which she did by
herself!
So she was glad to welcome the hospital attorney to
her home. She even baked him cookies when he came to
visit. This professional man, so many years younger than
Mary, was overcome with emotion. He admitted that he
almost refused her hospital transfer because he thought
she was a hopeless case.
In truth, Mary lived another six years and died of nat-
ural causes at age 85. All because her son knew that her
heart was not worn out it just needed refueling. And
that was possible with entirely natural supplements.
1

The Energy Currency of Life
Your heart is an electrical pump that needs a constant
source of energy to function well. A healthy heart beats
about 100,000 times per day and pumps about 5 quarts
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of blood every minute. Keeping the blood circulating
through the body is what carries oxygen and nutrients to
all your cells.
2

Its important to keep the arteries open so blood
flows freely through them. When arteries become nar-
row due to buildup of plaque, less oxygen and fewer
nutrients reach the bodys cells. This condition is called
arteriosclerosis or hardening of the arteries and is the
underlying cause of heart attack and stroke.
As the heart works harder to pump blood, pressure
increases inside the arteries and can result in high blood
pressure. This in turn leads to more artery damage. Its a
destructive cycle that can go on for decades with no
symptoms, which is why hypertension is known as the
silent killer.
But even when blood pressure is controlled, and even
after arteries are opened with angioplasty or a stent,
heart disease often continues to progress. As mentioned
earlier, that was what bothered Dr. Stephen Sinatra. He
felt like he was merely patching up his patients with
drugs and therapies that worked in the short term, but
never got to the real underlying problem.
Dr. Sinatra began to look beyond traditional medicine
for an answer. He became a certified psychoanalyst to
explore the heart/mind connection and spent years
studying nutrition. Gradually, the pieces of the puzzle
began to fall into place and his patients not only got
better, they experienced a better quality of life. He even
had patients who were on a waiting list for a heart
transplant, not only come off the list, but resume a
normal lifestyle.
What Dr. Sinatra discovered is this: sick hearts are
starved for energy.
An energy-starved heart is like a dying battery. When
your car battery is low, the car will still run. But the
headlights will be dim and there isnt enough power to
run the heater and the radio at the same time. The same
is true of the heart. It can keep going, but only at a
reduced level. There is no energy reserve to bring the
heart back to full function.
And what is the source of the hearts energy? Its the
same as every other cell of the body. Its a compound
called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Biologists call it
the energy currency of life.
3

ATP - the Miracle Energy Source
ATP is a molecule that stores energy like a recharge-
able battery. It is literally your cellular and your lifes
energy supply. But the thing about energy is that it is
not a compound. Its a force. It happens as a result of a
chemical reaction.
When the ATP molecule is broken down, it releases
its energy and turns into adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
All that means is that the molecule went from having
three phosphates to two. It is the breaking off of the third
phosphate that releases the energy force.
Fortunately, the body can recycle ADP back into
ATP by adding that third phosphate back. It does this by
rebuilding the molecule with nutrients and oxygen
delivered by the blood stream. Its a constant process
that needs to stay in balance. If production and recycling
of ATP slows down, the energy level of the cell drops,
much like a battery losing its charge.
Since energy is a force, you cant put it in a pill or a
drink. You have to supply the raw materials the body
needs to make and re-charge ATP. So ATP is not a
vitamin or a mineral you can take with breakfast. Its
constantly made and recycled in all your cells. And what
Dr. Sinatra discovered was how to enhance and restore
the ATP energy process.
Most cardiologists worry about restoring the supply
of oxygenated blood to the heart. And while thats
important, oxygen is really just one stepping stone to
ATP. Oxygen is vital, but its not the energy of life...
ATP is. ATP drives the processes that use oxygen. When
energy is depleted, even oxygen does no good just like
gasoline in a car with a dead battery wont make it run.
Oxygen is vital, but its not the energy of life... ATP is.
Dr. Stephen Sinatra is a Fellow of the American College of
Cardiology and former Chief of Cardiology at Manchester
Memorial Hospital

From 1977 through 2007, Dr. Sinatra was an attending
physician at Manchester Memorial Hospital (Eastern
Connecticut Health Network), where he performed both
invasive and noninvasive cardiac procedures. His career at
ECHN included nine years as chief of cardiology,18 years
as director of medical education, seven years as director of
echocardiography and three years
as director of cardiac rehabilitation.

His New England Heart & Longevity Center in Manchester,
Conn., integrates conventional medical treatments for heart
disease with complementary nutritional, anti-aging and
psychological therapies that help heal the heart.
Source: drsinatra.com
Page 2 A Breakthrough in the Treatment of Heart Disease: Re-fueling the Energy-Starved Heart
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For instance, heart patients who undergo a stress test

on a treadmill are pushed to exercise until the hearts de-
mand for oxygen is exceeded. At that point the test is
stopped and the demand for oxygen returns to normal.
Once oxygen is restored, heart function should normal-
ize, too, but patients often experience fatigue, weakness,
and shortness of breath for several days after a stress
test. Why does that happen when theres plenty of
oxygen? Dr. Sinatra found that it was due to energy
depletion - the fact that ATP was not restored as fast as it
was used up.
People with cardiovascular disease have impaired
ATP production in the heart cells. Supply doesnt keep
up with demand and the heart is always leaking ATP.
Without adequate ATP, the cardiac cells cannot perform
their usual processes and activities. The cells are just like
a dying battery still alive, but not able to fully
function.
Dr. J ames Roberts, board-certified cardiologist, con-
firmed this with his patients as well. He discovered that
cardiac wall motion remains abnormal for days to weeks
after angioplasty or stent placement. It would seem that
it should return to normal as soon as the oxygen supply
is restored, but it doesnt. Why the delay? Because it
doesnt return to normal until ATP function is restored, a
process that can take days or weeks. So Dr. Roberts
delays follow up tests for several weeks so that arteries
that were successfully opened dont show a false
positive of still being blocked when theyre not.
4

The bottom line is that heart health is not just about
oxygen its all about ATP.
The Awesome Foursome
ATP is synthesized in the mitochondria, the tiny
energy factories in your cells. When ATP is broken
down, it releases its energy and becomes adenosine
diphosphate, or ADP. But because it is rechargeable, it
can be recycled back into ATP as long as the cell has the
proper food and oxygen supply.
When the right amount of food and oxygen is not
present, the ATP recharging process cant keep up with
the energy demand of the cell. The amount of energy
charge in the cell goes down.
Your cells can also make ATP from scratch, but
thats a process that takes days or weeks. Recycling and
recharging is much more efficient. Either way, a lack of
oxygen or the raw materials that form ATP will cause a
deficit and a low energy situation. Cells require large
amounts of ATP to keep the heart healthy.
So what are the raw materials that help form ATPin
the cells? Dr. Sinatra calls them the awesome
foursome, and they each play a vital role in providing
cellular energy. They are:

Coenzyme Q10
L-carnitine
D-ribose
Magnesium

The mitochondria require a good supply of each one
of these compounds to generate ATP. Lets take a closer
look at how each one works.
CoQ10 - Providing the Spark
CoQ10 is a fat-soluble, vitamin-like compound found
in all of your bodys cells. You can get it from foods like
broccoli, cabbage, ocean fish, meats, and nuts, but
mostly your body makes it internally. But like a lot of
other nutrients, the body slows down in making





CoQ10 around age forty. CoQ10 is an energy booster. It
is what provides the spark in the mitochondria that sets
off the release of energy by ATP. And since the heart is
the pump that keeps the body going, it has a tremendous
need for CoQ10 to circulate the blood. In fact, tissue
levels of CoQ10 are up to ten times higher in a healthy
heart than any other organ of the body.
People with congestive heart failure (CHF) are often
low in CoQ10. CHF occurs when the heart doesnt pump
the blood very well. This causes blood to pool in parts of
the body like the lungs and the legs. Studies have shown
that CoQ10 can reduce leg swelling and reduce fluid in
the lungs by energizing the heart to pump stronger.
5

One study using CoQ10 for congestive heart failure
followed 2,664 patients. After taking 100 mg of CoQ10 daily
for three months, fluid retention was reduced by79%. Lung
congestion was reduced by 78%, heart palpitations were
reduced by 75% and shortness of breath was reduced by
53%.

Source: Baggio E, et al. Italia multicenter study on
safety and efficacy of coenzyme Q10, Mol Aspects
Med 1994;15:S287-S294
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CoQ10 not only improves energy production in cells,

it inhibits blood clot formation. People who take daily
CoQ10 supplements within three days of a heart attack
are less likely to have chest pain or another heart attack.
They are also less likely to die of heart disease than
those who do not get the supplement.
6

CoQ10 is also a powerful antioxidant. Taking CoQ10
prior to heart surgery reduces damage caused by free
radicals. It strengthens the heart and helps regulate the
heart beat during recovery.
7

Medications that deplete CoQ10 in the body include
statin drugs (used to lower cholesterol) and beta
blockers. Taking supplements can correct the deficiency
and can also decrease the muscle pain often caused by
statin treatment.
8

Production of CoQ10 in the body really drops after
age 80, which correlates with a higher incidence of
congestive heart failure. The older heart is very
vulnerable to stress and lack of oxygen, but one study
showed that CoQ10 could increase the workload an
older heart can sustain by 28%.
9

And by the way, CoQ10 is the nutrient that was the
turning point in Marys story in the beginning of this
article. Once Mary was transferred to the hospital where
she could receive the supplement, 450 mg of CoQ10 was
administered to her each day through her feeding tube.
L-carnitine - Turning Fat into Fuel
L-carnitine is a vitamin-type nutrient you can get
from foods like red meat and dairy products. It is also
produced naturally by the body, although that production
tends to decrease with age.
L-carnitine helps the body produce energy by
transporting fatty acids into the mitochondria to be
burned for fuel. For the heart to keep beating 60 to 100
times every minute of every day, it needs a constant
supply of fuel, so this energy transport is critical.
On the way back out of the cell, L-carnitine removes
toxic by-products that interfere with energy production.
Its like a bus that carries vital compounds into and out
of the cell. Its a critical process since, for these
compounds, its the only way in or out.
L-carnitine is also a vasodilator that helps keep blood
vessels open. With better blood flow, oxygen gets
delivered to the heart and all other parts of the body.
And a good oxygen supply allows the heart to work
more efficiently.
Because of the way L-carnitine improves cellular
energy production, athletes often use it to enhance
stamina and endurance. The added benefit is that L-
carnitine also helps clear excess lactic acid from the
body. This aids in recovery since lactic acid contributes
to muscle pain and fatigue. Reducing lactic acid levels
can relieve fatigue in heart patients as well.
D-Ribose - Sweetness in Action
D-ribose is a kind of sugar produced by the body. It
is found in every cell and is often used as a medicine
because it boosts muscle energy. It also helps prevents
cramping, pain and stiffness after exercise.
11

Unlike the other compounds of the awesome
foursome, D-ribose is a structural component of ATP.
The other three compounds are precursors - elements





needed to make the ATP reaction happen. But D-ribose
is an actual ingredient. That means it is a building block
that helps rebuild energy within the cell.
Ribose is found naturally in the body, but it cannot be
stored in cells. Cells actually have to make ribose every
time it is needed. And because it is a sugar, it is
metabolized quickly. About 97% of supplemental ribose
will be absorbed into the blood within 30 to 120
minutes. From there, it is easily transferred to tissue for
energy.
12

Because of this fast processing, ribose is quick fuel
for the heart. Ischemia (lack of oxygen) due to heart
disease can cause a loss of 50% of the ATP energy pool
in heart cells. Even when blood flow and oxygen are
restored to a damaged heart, it can take up to ten days for
the heart to rebuild its basic cellular energy. But when
ribose is supplemented, the same process of energy
recovery can happen in just one to two days.
13

L-carnitine and Heart Attack

160 patients hospitalized with a heart attack were divided into
two groups. 80 received 4 g of L-carnitine a day for 12 months.
80 received a placebo. This was in addition to standard
treatment. All subjects had improvements in blood pressure,
cholesterol and heart rhythm. However,the mortality rate in the
L-carnitine group was 1.2% compared to 12.5% in the placebo
group.
10

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Researchers tested ribose in a study of twenty men

with chronic coronary artery disease and angina. All of
the men took a treadmill stress test. For the next three
days, half of the men took ribose while the other half
were given a glucose placebo. When the stress test was
repeated, the ribose group stayed on the treadmill much
longer. The onset of angina in the ribose group was
delayed longer as well.
14

Ribose also helps restore energy to the heart after
surgery. Surgical procedures put great stress on the heart
and patients often have a drop in cardiac function
following the surgery. In one study, patients were given
ribose intravenously for seven days after aortic valve
repair. Only 20% of the ribose group showed a drop in
cardiac performance (measured by a fall in ejection
fraction of at least 15%). In the group receiving glucose
alone, 85% had a drop in cardiac function. Ribose gave
the heart more energy to pump easier.
15

The thing to remember is that ribose is not stored in


The thing to remember is that ribose is not stored in the
cells. If you decide to supplement, you will need to take
ribose every single day. It can increase cellular energy,
but it is quickly used up. You cant take ribose just until
you feel better and then stop, because as soon as you
stop, theres no supplemental ribose left in your system.
Magnesium - the Rescue Mineral
Magnesium is the fourth most abundant mineral in
your body. It is most concentrated in the mitochondria
and plays a vital role in ATP production. It also helps
keep blood vessels open by relaxing the artery walls.
Because of the relaxation effect, magnesium can help
lower blood pressure. A study where participants took
300mg of magnesium a day for three months confirmed
this. The systolic/diastolic pressure in those who took
the magnesium fell 17.1/6.7 mmHg compared to 3.4/0.8
in the placebo group.
16

Adequate intake of magnesium also lowers risk of
sudden cardiac death. Researchers at Brigham and
Womens Hospital of Harvard Medical School reviewed
26 years of data from The Nurses Health Study. They
found that those with the highest blood levels of
magnesium had a 37% lower incidence of sudden
cardiac death.
17

Magnesium is found in green vegetables like spinach
and whole grains, but most people dont get enough
magnesium from food. Excess caffeine and alcohol
washes magnesium out of the body, as do diuretics.
People with congestive heart failure are often deficient
in magnesium due to using diuretics to control fluid
retention. This can lead to irregular heartbeat unless
magnesium is replenished.
18

1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = A whole lot more than four!
The four pillars of heart health CoQ10, L-carnitine,
D-ribose, and magnesium are vital elements in the
production of ATP (the source of energy) in every cell.
They are particularly important in fueling the heart. So
its not surprising to find that people with heart problems
are deficient in these nutrients.
But if each of these nutrients is a powerhouse on its
own, its amazing what happens when they all work
together. They can literally refuel and recharge an en-
ergy-starved heart. None of the nutrients work alone.
Each one depends on some function of another one to
create a process that releases energy. It takes a constant
supply of energy for the heart to pump. Energy is life.
Dr. J ames Roberts credits the four nutrients with
keeping his patients out of the hospital. At one time, Dr.
Roberts felt that nutritional medicine was unproven.
But after observing improvements in a friend who used
CoQ10, he began to give it to his own patients. In com-
bination with L-carnitine, his patients began showing
remarkable improvements and he got fewer calls in the
middle of the night.
Eventually Dr. Roberts added D-ribose to his pa-
tients treatment regimens and saw even more improve-
ment. In fact, he went from being the number one car-
diology emergency room admitter in his primary hospi-
tal, to rarely even having a patient in the hospital at all!
His heart failure readmission rate is almost zero and he
seldom has to get out of bed in the middle of the night to
see a sick patient.
19

Dr. Sinatra comments that he doesnt know how he
ever practiced cardiovascular medicine without these
four vital nutrients. They make such a difference in the
quality of life for his patients that he would feel like he
was withholding vital information if he didnt use
nutritional therapies.
One of Dr. Sinatras patients, J oe, was almost sixty
when he first treated him in 1977. J oe had severe angina
but was not a good candidate for bypass surgery at the
Ejection Fraction

The amount of blood volume pumped from the heart with each
beat is called Ejection Fraction (EF). Normal EF is50 - 70%,
which means the left ventricle ejects 50-70% of the blood with
each heartbeat and the rest refills the ventricle.
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time. Dr. Sinatra prescribed beta blockers and a

pacemaker. Then in the mid-80s, he put J oe on a multi-
vitamin and CoQ10.
When J oe had a follow up angiogram in 1987, it
showed that he wasnt any worse than he had been ten
years before. One artery was actually improved. As Dr.
Sinatra learned more about neutraceuticals, he added
them to J oes treatment plan. J oe started on L-carnitine
in the late 90s and D-ribose in 2004. As a result, J oe is
now in his 90s and his overall quality of life has gotten
better with age. He eats a healthy diet and walks two
miles a day. He sometimes has shortness of breath, but is
in better shape than most of his colleagues.
20

Re-Energizing the Heart at the Cellular Level
The four vital nutrients of energy production, CoQ10,
L-carnitine, D-ribose, and magnesium, have held up
under intense study. They have proven to re-energize the
heart in numerous research projects. Together, they can
nurture, fortify, and strengthen the cellular structure of
the heart.
CoQ10 is the spark that initiates energy
metabolism.

L-carnitine escorts fat into the cell to be used
as fuel and eliminates toxins.

D-ribose is a building block for ATP and
helps restore energy reserves quickly.

Magnesium is the energy mineral and is
crucial for any reaction involving ATP.
Each compound alone is valuable, but together, their
effect on heart health is exponential. Here are some
general guidelines for adding them to your supplement
regimen...
CoQ10
Water and fat-soluble forms of this compound are
better than dry forms because more of the nutrient will
get to the bloodstream. Suggested doses are:
90- 150 mg per day to prevent cardiovascular
disease.

180 - 360 mg per day for heart patients who
suffer angina, high blood pressure, or
arrhythmia are taking statin drugs.

300 - 360 mg per day for mild or moderate
congestive heart failure.

360 - 600 mg per day for more severe heart
disease.
Once improvement is achieved, the dose may be
lowered. You should work with your physician to find a
therapeutic dose so that improvement is maintained.
L-carnitine
L-carnitine is not very bioavailable. You will absorb
it best if you take it in smaller doses, three times a day,
on an empty stomach. Some companies combine CoQ10
and l-carnitine in one supplement. General doses are:
400-800 mg daily to prevent deficiency
(especially for vegetarians).

500-1,000 mg two to three times per day if
you have heart disease.

1-2 grams per day for arrhythmia.

2-4 grams per day for congestive heart failure
or following a heart attack.
D-ribose
Any amount of ribose you supply to energy starved
cells will give them a boost. How much you need
depends on what you want to accomplish. Athletes
wanting to offset fatigue from strenuous workouts can
benefit from a dose of 1 teaspoon (5 grams) before and
after the workout. Patients with heart disease or
circulatory problems need much more since ribose gets
used up very quickly often in about 30 minutes. A
higher dose is needed if the ribose has to work its way
through clogged arteries to get to tissue.
Ribose is water-soluble and can be added to any
beverage. General doses are:
5-7 grams per day for people engaged in
strenuous activity.

7-10 grams per day for those with congestive
heart failure or angina, or those who are
recovering from heart attack or heart surgery.

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10-15 grams per day for patients with

advanced heart disease and those waiting for
a heart transplant.
Note: split doses into 5 gram portions throughout the
day rather than taking it all at once.
Magnesium
A great majority of people are deficient in
magnesium regardless of dietary intake. If your diet
doesnt include a lot of green leafy vegetables and fresh
fruit, then you may be low in magnesium. A good
baseline is to supplement with 400 mg per day. Try
magnesium citrate since it is very inexpensive and is
easily absorbed in the body.
Heres a Quick Guide for Using the
Four Pillars of Heart Health...

General Protocol:
CoQ10: 90-150 mg per day
L-carnitine: 250-750 mg per day
D-ribose: 5 grams per day
Magnesium: 400 mg per day
High Blood Pressure:
CoQ10: 180-360 mg per day
L-carnitine: 500-1000 mg per day
D-ribose: 5-10 grams per day



Sources:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/atp.html
Sinatra S, The Sinatra Solution, Basic Health Publications, Inc., 2005
1. Sinatra S, The Sinatra Solution, Basic Health Publications, Inc., 2005
2. Heart and Circulatory System- How They Work, MayoClinic.com, Aug 7,
2009
3. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/atp.html
4. Sinatra S, The Sinatra Solution, Basic Health Publications, Inc., 2005
5. 6. 7. 8. Ehrlich S, CoEnzyme Q10, University of Maryland Medical Center,
3/20/09
9. Rosenfeldt F, F Miller, P Nagley, et al. Response of the senescent heart to
stress: Clinical therapeutic strategies and quest for mitochondrial predictors of
biological age, Ann NY Acad Sci. 2004;1019:78-84
10. Sethi R, et al. Improvement of cardiac function and beta-adrenergic signal
transduction by propionyl L-carnitine in congestive heart failure due to
myocardial infarction. Coron Atery Dis, 2004. 15(1):p 65-71
11. Ribose, WebMD.com, http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/

Magnesium: 400-800 mg per day
Diagnosed Heart Disease:
CoQ10: 180-360 mg per day
L-carnitine: 1000-2000 mg per day
D-ribose: 7-10 grams per day
Magnesium: 400-800 mg per day
Note: you should work with your personal physician
if you have any sort of heart disease and take medication
for it. Generally, nutritional supplements are safe taken
in appropriate doses, but they may have an interaction
with some medications.
A Steady Energy Supply
Heart disease remains the number one cause of death
for both men and women in the United States.
Even surgical procedures like coronary artery bypass
and angioplasty do not cure heart disease. Its important
to look at your lifestyle to see if youre doing all you can
to take care of your heart. Diet and exercise are always
factors within your control. So is stress management.
And making sure your heart has a steady energy sup-
ply cannot be underestimated. The most fundamental
process that fuels your heart is the release of energy
when ATP breaks down in the cell. Anything you do to
support that process will make your heart beat stronger
and more efficiently. You cant take ATP in a pill, but
you can give your cells what they need to make it
happen.



ingredientmono-827-RIBOSE.aspx?activeIngredientId=827&
activeIngredientName=RIBOSE
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