Chapter 9 Integration

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd.
(008974-T) 2012
CHAPTER 9 INTEGRATION
Focus on Exam 9
1
3 + sin x
cos
2
x
dx =
3
cos
2
x
+
sin x
cos
2
x
dx
=
[3 sec
2
x + (cos x)
2
sin x] dx
=
[3 sec
2
x (cos x)
2
(sin x)] dx
= 3 tan x
(cos x)
1
1
+ c
= 3 tan x +
1
cos x
+ c
2 sin
2
x cos
2
x dx = (sin x cos x)
2
dx
=
1
2
sin 2x
2
dx
=
1
4
sin
2
2x dx
=
1
4

1 cos 4x
2

dx
=
1
8

(1 cos 4x) dx
=
1
8

x
1
4
sin 4x
+ c
3
x
1 x
4
dx =
du
2
1 u
2
=
1
2

du
1 u
2
=
1
2

1
2
ln
1 + u
1 u
+ c
=
1
4
ln
1 + x
2
1 x
2
+ c
dx
a
2
x
2
=
1
2a
ln
a + x
a x
+ c
sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x
sin x cos x =
1
2
sin 2x
cos 4x = 1 2 sin
2
2x sin
2
2x
=
1 cos 4x
2
u = x
2
du
dx
= 2x
x dx =
du
2
Chap-09-FWS.indd 1 10/19/2012 10:39:02 AM
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012
ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) Second Term 2
4 Let x = sin

dx
d
= cos
dx = cos d

dx
x
2
1 x
2
=
cos d
sin
2
1 sin
2
cos d
sin
2

cos
2
d
sin
2

= cosec
2
d
= cot + c
=
1 x
2
x
+ c [Shown]
5 Let u = ln x

du
dx
=
1
x

dx
x
= du

dx
x ln x
=
dx
x

1
ln x
du
u
= ln |u| + c
= ln |ln x| + c
6
d
dx
(tan
3
x) = 3 tan
2
x sec
2
x
= 3(sec
2
x 1) sec
2
x
= (3 sec
2
x 3) sec
2
x
= 3 sec
4
x 3 sec
2
x [Shown]
(3 sec
4
x 3 sec
2
x) dx = tan
3
x + c
3 sec
4
x dx 3 sec
2
x dx = tan
3
x + c
3 sec
4
x dx = 3 sec
2
x dx + tan
3
x + c
= 3 tan x + tan
3
x + c
sec
4
x dx = tan x +
1
3
tan
3
x +
c
3
sec
4
x dx = tan x +
1
3
tan
3
x + c
1
x
q
1 x
2
Chap-09-FWS.indd 2 10/19/2012 10:39:02 AM

Fully Worked Solution 3
7 x sin x cos x dx =
1
2
sin 2x
dx
=
1
2
x sin 2x dx
=
1
2
cos 2x
1
2
x
1
2
cos 2x
1
2
dx
=
1
4
x cos 2x +
1
4
cos 2x dx
=
1
4
x cos 2x +
1
8
sin 2x + c
8
1
0
x
1 + x
2
dx =
1
2

1
0
2x
1 + x
2
dx
=
1
2
[ln |1 + x
2
|]
1
0
=
1
2
[ln (1 + 1
2
) ln (1 + 0
2
)]
=
1
2
(ln 2 ln 1)
=
1
2
ln 2
9
2
0
x
2
16 x
2
dx
Let x = 4 sin
dx = 4 cos d
For the lower limit, when x = 0,
0 = 4 sin
= 0
For the upper limit,
when x = 2, 2 = 4 sin
sin =
1
2
=
6

16 sin
2

16 16 sin
2

(4 cos d) =
6

16 sin
2

4 1 sin
2

(4 cos d)
=
6
16 sin
2
d
=
6
16
1 cos 2
2

d
= 8
6
(1 cos 2) d
Chap-09-FWS.indd 3 10/19/2012 10:39:02 AM
= 8
3

1
2
sin 2
4
0
6
= 8
6

1
2
sin
3
0
=
4
3
4
3
2

=
4
3
2 3 [Shown]
10 Let t = tan
x
2

dt
dx
=
1
2
sec
2

x
2

dt
dx
=
1
2

1 + tan
2

x
2

dt
dx
=
1
2
(1 + t
2
)
dx =
2 dt
1 + t
2
For the lower limit, when x = 0,
t = tan 0
= 0
For the upper limit, when x =
2
,
t = tan
4
= 1
1 1
x
t
2
1 t
2
+
2t

2

5 dx
3 sin x + 4 cos x
= 5
1
0
2 dt
1 + t
2
3
2t
1 + t
2
+ 4
1 t
2
1 + t
2
= 5
1
0

2 dt
6t + 4 4t
2
= 5
1
0

dt
3t + 2 2t
2
= 5
1
0

dt
2t
2
3t 2
= 5
1
0

dt
(2t + 1)(t 2)
Chap-09-FWS.indd 4 10/19/2012 10:39:03 AM
Let
1
(2t + 1)(t 2)
=
A
2t + 1
+
B
t 2
1 A(t 2) + B(2t + 1)
Letting t = 2, 1 = B(5)
B =
1
5
Letting t =
1
2
, 1 = A

5
2
A =
2
5
5
1
0
dt
(2t + 1)(t 2)
= 5
1
0
3
2
5(2t + 1)
+
1
5(t 2)
4
dt
= 5
3
1
5
ln 2t + 1 +
1
5
ln t 2
4
1
0
= 3ln 2t + 1 ln t 24
1
0
=
3
ln

2t + 1
t 2

4
1
0
= ln 3 ln
1
2
= ln

3
1
2

= ln 6 [Shown]
11
0
2
3

dx
1 sin x
Let t = tan
x
2
tan x =
2 tan
x
2
1 tan
2

x
2
=
2t
1 t
2
t = tan
x
2

dt
dx
=
1
2
sec
2

x
2
=
1
2

1 + tan
2

x
2
=
1
2
(1 + t
2
)
x
1 + t
2
1 t
2
2t
Chap-09-FWS.indd 5 10/19/2012 10:39:03 AM
2 dt = (1 + t
2
) dx
dx =
2 dt
1 + t
2
When x = 0, t = tan
0
2
= 0
When x =
2
3
, t = tan
3
= 3

0
2
3

dx
1 sin x
=
0
3

2 dt
1 + t
2
1
2t
1 + t
2
=
0
3

2 dt
1 + t
2
2t
= 2
0
3

dt
(t 1)
2
=
3
2(t 1)
1
1
4
0
3
=
3
2
t 1
4
0
3
=
2
3 1

2
1
=
2
3 1
2
=
2 2 3 1
3 1
=
2 3
3 1
=
2 3
1 3
[Shown]
Chap-09-FWS.indd 6 10/19/2012 10:39:03 AM
12 Let t = tan
x
2

dt
dx
=
1
2
sec
2

x
2

dt
dx
=
1
2

1 + tan
2

x
2

dt
dx
=
1
2
(1 + t
2
)
dx =
2 dt
1 + t
2
For the lower limit, when x = 0, t = tan 0
= 0
For the upper limit, when x =
2
3
, t = tan
2
= 3

0
2
3

3
5 + 4 cos x
dx =
0
3

3
2 dt
1 + t
2
5 + 4
1 t
2
1 + t
2
dx
=
0
3

6 dt
5 + 5t
2
+ 4 4t
2
= 6
0
3

dt
9 + t
2
= 6
1
3

3
tan
1

t
3
4
0
3
dx
a
2
+ x
2
=
1
a
tan
1

x
a
+ c
= 2
tan
1

3
3
tan
1
0
= 2
6
0
3
[Shown]
13 sin x A(3 sin x + 4 cos x) + B(3 cos x 4 sin x)
sin x (3A 4B)sin x + (4A + 3B)cos x
Equating the coefficients of sin x,
1 = 3A 4B

Equating the coefficients of cos x,
0 = 4A + 3B

Solving and simultaneously, we have
A =
3
25
and B =
4
25
x
1 + t
2
1 t
2
2t
Chap-09-FWS.indd 7 10/19/2012 10:39:04 AM

2

sin x
3 sin x + 4 cos x
dx =
2

3
25
(3 sin x + 4 cos x)
4
25
(3 cos x 4 sin x)
3 sin x + 4 cos x
dx
=
2

3
3
25

4
25

3 cos x 4 sin x
3 sin x + 4 cos x
4
dx
=
3
3
25
x
4
25
ln |3 sin x + 4 cos x|
4
0
2
=
3
25

2
0

4
25
[ln |3 + 0| ln |0 + 4|]
= 0.235
14
17 + x
(4 3x)(1 + 2x)

A
4 3x
+
B
1 + 2x
17 + x A(1 + 2x) + B(4 3x)
Letting x =
1
2
, 16
1
2
= B
3
4 3
1
2
4
16
1
2
= B
5
1
2
B = 3
Letting x =
4
3
, 18
1
3
= A
3
1 + 2
4
3
4
18
1
3
= A
3
2
3
A = 5

17 + x
(4 3x)(1 + 2x)
=
5
4 3x
+
3
1 + 2x

1
2
1
3

17 + x
(4 3x)(1 + 2x)
dx =
1
2
1
3

5
4 3x
+
3
1 + 2x
dx
=
5
3

1
2
1
3

3
4 3x
dx +
3
2

1
2
1
3

2
1 + 2x
dx
=
5
3

[
ln |4 3x|
]
1
2
1
3
+
3
2

[
ln |1 + 2x|
]
1
2
1
3
=
5
3

3
ln
4
3
2

ln
4
3
3
4
+
3
2

3
ln
1 +
2
2
ln
1 +
2
3
4
=
5
3

ln
5
2
ln 3
+
3
2

ln 2 ln
5
3

=
5
3

ln
5
2
3

+
3
2

ln
2
5
3
=
5
3
ln
5
6
+
3
2
ln
6
5
= 0.577 [Shown]
Chap-09-FWS.indd 8 10/19/2012 10:39:04 AM
15
6x 6
(x + 3)(x
2
+ 3)

A
x + 3
+
Bx + C
x
2
+ 3
6x 6 A(x
2
+ 3) + (Bx + C)(x + 3)
Letting x = 3, 18 6 = 12A
24 = 12A
A = 2
Letting x = 0, 6 = 3A + 3C
6 = 6 + 3C
C = 0
Letting x = 1, 0 = 4A + (B + C)(4)
0 = 8 + 4B
B = 2

6x 6
(x + 3)(x
2
+ 3)

2
x + 3
+
2x
x
2
+ 3

2
1
6x 6
(x + 3)(x
2
+ 3)
dx =
2
1

2
x + 3
+
2x
x
2
+ 3
dx
= 2 [ln |x + 3|]
1
2
+ [ln |x
2
+ 3|]
1
2
= 2 (ln 5 ln 4) + ln 7 ln 4
= 2 ln
5
4
+ ln
7
4
= ln
3
7
4
5
4
2
4
= ln
28
25
[Shown]
16
13 11x + 6x
2
(x + 3)(x 2)
2

A
x + 3
+
B
(x 3)
2
+
C
x 2
13 11x + 6x
2
A(x 2)
2
+ B(x + 3) + C(x + 3)(x 2)
Letting x = 2, 15 = 5B
B = 3
Letting x = 3, 100 = 25A
A = 4
Letting x = 0, 13 = 4A + 3B 6C
13 = 4(4) + 3(3) 6C
C = 2
Chap-09-FWS.indd 9 10/19/2012 10:39:04 AM

13 11x + 6x
2
(x + 3)(x
2
+ 3)
=
4
x + 3
+
3
(x 2)
2
+
2
x 2

4
3
13 11x + 6x
2
(x + 3)(x
2
+ 3)
=
4
3
4
x + 3
dx +
4
3
3
(x 2)
2
dx +
4
3
2
x 2
dx
= 4 [ln |x + 3|]
3
4
+ 3
4
3
(x 2)
2
dx + 2[ln |x 2|]
3
4
= 4 [ln |x + 3|]
3
4

3
3
x 2
4
4
3
+ 2[ln |x 2|]
3
4
= 4 (ln 7 ln 6)
3
2

3
1
+ 2(ln 2 ln 1
)
= 4 ln
7
6
+
3
2
+ 2 ln 2
= 3.50 [Shown]
17 1
x
2
+ 2x 15
x
2
+ 2x 14
x
2
+ 2x 15
1

x
2
+ 2x 14
x
2
+ 2x 15
= 1 +
1
x
2
+ 2x 15
= 1 +
1
(x 3)(x + 5)
Let
1
(x 3)(x + 5)

A
x 3
+
B
x + 5
1 A(x + 5) + B(x 3)
Letting x = 5, 1 = 8B
B =
1
8
Letting x = 3, 1 = 8A
A =
1
8

x
2
+ 2x 14
x
2
+ 2x 15
= 1 +
1
8(x 3)

1
8(x + 5)

5
4
x
2
+ 2x 14
x
2
+ 2x 15
dx =
5
4

1 +
1
8(x 3)

1
8(x + 5)
dx
=
3
x +
1
8
ln |x 3|
1
8
ln |x + 5|
4
4
5
= 5 +
1
8
ln 2
1
8
ln 10
4 +
1
8
ln 1
1
8
ln 9
= 5 +
1
8
ln 2
1
8
ln 10 4 +
1
8
ln 9
= 1 +
1
8
ln
2 9
10

= 1 +
1
8
ln
9
5
[Shown]
Chap-09-FWS.indd 10 10/19/2012 10:39:04 AM
18
x
0
x cos
2
x dx =
x
0
x
1 + cos 2x
2

dx
=
x
0
1
2
(x + x cos 2x) dx
cos 2x = 2 cos
2
x 1
cos
2
x =
1 + cos 2x
2

=
x
0
1
2
x dx +
x
0
1
2
x cos 2x dx
=
3
1
2
x
2
2
4
x
0
+
3
1
2
sin 2x
1
2
x
4
x
0

x
0
1
2
sin 2x
1
2
dx Integrating by parts.
=
3
x
2
4
4
x
0
+
3
1
4
x sin 2x
4
x
0

x
0
1
4
sin 2x dx
=
3
x
2
4
4
x
0
+
3
1
4
x sin 2x
4
x
0
+
3
1
8
cos 2x
4
x
0
=
2
4
0 +
1
4
sin 2 0 +
1
8
cos 2
1
8
cos 0
=
2
4
+
1
8

1
8
=
2
4
[Shown]
19 y = 4x
2
5x
y = 5x 6x
2
Substituting into ,
4x
2
5x = 5x 6x
2
10x
2
10x = 0
10x(x 1) = 0
x = 0 or 1
From : When x = 0, y = 0.
When x = 1, y = 1.
Hence, the points of intersection are (0, 0) and (1, 1).
y = 4x
2
5x = x(4x 5)
The curve cuts the x-axis at the
points (0, 0) and
1
1
4
, 0
.
dy
dx
= 8x 5
Since a > 0, the curve has a minimum point.
At minimum point,
dy
dx
= 0
8x 5 = 0
x =
5
8
When x =
5
8
, y = 4
5
8
2
5
5
8
= 1
9
16
Chap-09-FWS.indd 11 10/19/2012 10:39:05 AM
Hence, the minimum point of the curve is
5
8
, 1
9
16
.
y = 5x 6x
2
= x(5 6x)

dy
dx
= 5 12x
The curve cuts the x-axis at the points
(0, 0) and
5
6
, 0
.
Since a < 0, the curve has a maximum point.
At maximum point,
dy
dx
= 0
5 12x = 0
x =
5
12
When x =
5
12
, y = 5
5
12
5
12
2
= 1
1
24
Hence, the minimum point of the curve is
5
12
, 1
1
24
.
The graphs of y = 4x
2
5x and y = 5x 6x
2
are as shown in the following diagram.
y = 4x
2
5x
y = x
(1, 1)
x
O
y
1
1
1
2
2
2
y = 5x 6x
2
1
24
5
12
,
1
,
A
1
A
2
1
9
16
5
8

The equation of the chord joining the points of intersection (0, 0) and (1, 1) is y = x.
A
1
=
1
0
3
5x 6x
2
(x)
4
dx
=
1
0
(6x 6x
2
) dx
=
3
3x
2
2x
3
4
1
0
= 3(1)
2
2(1)
3
0
= 1 unit
2
Chap-09-FWS.indd 12 10/19/2012 10:39:05 AM
A
2
=
1
0
[x (4x
2
5x)]dx
=
1
0

(4x 4x
2
) dx
=
3
2x
2
4
x
3
3
4
1
0
= 2(1)
2
4
1
3
0
=
2
3
units
2
A
1
: A
2
= 1 :
2
3
= 3: 2 [Shown]
20 The graph of y = 3 ln (x 2) is as shown in the following diagram.
x
O 2 4 3
y = 3 ln (x 2)
y
Required area =
1
3

y dx
=
1
3

3 ln |x 2| dx
Copy back
= [3x ln |x 2|]
4
3

4
3
3x
1
x 2
dx

Differentiate
= 33x ln |x 2|4
4
3
3
4
3
x
x 2
dx
= 33x ln |x 2|4
4
3
3
4
3

1 +
2
x 2
dx
= 33x ln |x 2|4
4
3
33x + 2 ln |x 2|4
4
3

1
x 2 x
x 2
2

x
x 2
= 1 +
2
x 2

= 3(4) ln 2 3(4 + 2 ln 2) [3(3) ln 1 3(3 + 2 ln 1)]
= 12 ln 2 12 6 ln 2 9(0) + 9 + 6(0)
= 6 ln 2 3 [Shown]
To be kept.
To be integrated.
Chap-09-FWS.indd 13 10/19/2012 10:39:05 AM
21 y = x
2

y = x
2
x
3

Substituting into ,
x
2
= x
2
x
3
x
3
2x
2
= 0
x
3
(x 2) = 0
x = 0 or 2
From : When x = 0, y = 0
When x = 2, y = 2
2
= 4
Hence, the points of intersection of the curves are (0, 0) and (2, 4).
y = x
2
x
3
= x
2
(1 x)

The curve intersects the x-axis at the
points (0, 0) and (1, 0).

dy
dx
= 2x 3x
2

d
2
y
dx
2
= 2 6x
At turning points,
dy
dx
= 0.
2x 3x
2
= 0
x(2 3x) = 0
x = 0 or
2
3
When x = 0, y = 0 and
d
2
y
dx
2
= 2 6(0)
= 2 (x > 0)
Thus, (0, 0) is a minimum point.
When x =
2
3
, y =
2
3
2
3
3
=
4
27
and

d
2
y
dx
2
= 2 6
2
3
= 2 (x <0)
Thus,
2
3
,
4
27
is a maximum point.
Chap-09-FWS.indd 14 10/19/2012 10:39:06 AM
The graphs of y = x
2
and y = x
2
x
3
are as shown in the following diagram.
x
y
O
y
1
= x
2
y
2
= x
2
x
3
(2, 4)
4
27
2
3
,
Required area =
2
0

( y
2
y
1
) dx
=
2
0

3 (x
2
x
3
(x
2
)4 dx
=
2
0

(2x
2
x
3
) dx
=
3
2x
3
3

x
4
4
4
2
0
=
2
3
(8)
16
4
0
= 1
1
3
units
2
[Shown]
22 y =
4
x

y
2
= 4(x 1)
Substituting into :

4
x
2
= 4(x 1)

16
x
2
= 4(x 1)

4
x
2
= x 1
4 = x
3
x
2
x
3
x
2
4 = 0
By inspection, x = 2 satisfies the equation.
(x 2)(x
2
+ x + 2) = 0
x 2 = 0 or x
2
+ x + 2 = 0
x = 2 No real roots because b
2
4ac = 1
2
4(1)(2)
= 7 (< 0)
Chap-09-FWS.indd 15 10/19/2012 10:39:06 AM
When x = 2, y =
4
2
= 2
Hence, the point of intersection of the curves is (2, 2).
The graphs of the curves y =
4
x
and y
2
= 4 (x 1) is as shown in the following diagram.
y
x
O
(2, 2)
y =
4
x
y
2
= 4(x 1)
y
2
= 4(x 1)
3
2
1
A
2
A
1
Required area = A
1
+ A
2
=
2
0

y
2
4
+1
dy +
3
2
4
y
dy
=
3
y
3
12
+ y
4
2
0
+ [4 ln y]
3
2
=
8
12
+ 2 0
+ (4 ln 3 4 ln 2)
=
8
3
+ 4 ln
3
2
units
2
[Shown]
23 y = x(x + 2)(x 3)
= x
3
x
2
6x
y = x(x 3)
= x
2
3x
Substituting into ,
x
3
x
2
6x = x
2
3x
x
3
2x
2
3x = 0
x(x
2
2x 3) = 0
x(x + 1)(x 3) = 0
x = 0, 1 or 3
From :
When x = 1, y = (1)
2
3(1)
= 4
When x = 0, y = 0
When x = 3, y = 3
2
3(3)
= 0
Hence, the points of intersection are (1, 4), (0, 0) and (3, 0).
y = x(x + 2)(x 3)
= x
3
x
2
6x
The curve cuts the x-axis at the points (2, 0), (0, 0) and (3, 0).
Chap-09-FWS.indd 16 10/19/2012 10:39:06 AM

dy
dx
= 3x
2
2x 6

d
2
y
dx
2
= 6x 2
At turning points,
dy
dx
= 0
3x
2
2x 6 = 0
x =
2 (2)
2
4(3)(6)
2(3)
x = 1.79 or 1.12
When x = 1.79, y = 1.79(1.79 + 2)(1.79 3)
= 8.21
and

d
2
y
dx
2
= 6(1.79) 2
= 8.74 (> 0)
(1.79, 8.21) is a minimum point.
When x = 1.12, y = 1.12(1.12 + 2)(1.12 3)
= 4.06
and

d
2
y
dx
2
= 6(1.12) 2
= 8.72 (< 0)
(1.12, 4.06) is a maximum point.
y = x(x 3)
= x
2
3x
The curve cuts the x-axis at the points (0, 0) and (3, 0). Its minimum point is (1.5, 2.25).
The graphs of y = x(x + 2)(x 3) and y = x(x 3) is as shown in the following diagram.
y
x
O
2
4
6
8
1 2
2
4
6
8
3 2 1
y = x(x 3)
y = x(x + 2)(x 3)
(1.12, 4.06)
(1.5, 2.25)
(1.79, 8.21)
A
2
A
1
x =
0 + 3
2
y = 1.5(1.5 3)
Chap-09-FWS.indd 17 10/19/2012 10:39:07 AM
Required area = Area A
1
+ Area A
2
=
0
1
3x
3
x
2
6x (x
2
3x)4 dx +
3
0
3x
2
3x (x
3
x
2
6x)4 dx
=
0
1
(x
3
2x
2
3x) dx +
3
0
(x
3
+ 2x
2
+ 3x) dx
=
3
x
4
4

2x
3
3

3x
2
2
4
0
1
+
3
x
4
4
+
2x
3
3
+
3x
2
2
4
3
0
= 0
3
(1)
4
4

2(1)
3
3

3(1)
2
2
4
+
3
3
4
4
+
2(3)
3
3
+
3(3)
2
2
4
3
0
0
=
1
4
+
2
3

3
2
81
4
+ 18 +
27
2

= 11
5
6
units
2
[Shown]
24 y = e
x
When x = 0, y = e
0
= 1
When x + , y +
When x , y 0
y = 2 + 3e
x
= 2 +
3
e
x
When x = 0, y = 2 +
3
e
0
= 5
When x + ,
3
e
x
0 and thus y 2
When x , y +
x
y
O In 3
1
2
5
y = 2 + 3e
x
y = e
x
y = e
x

y = 2 + 3e
x

Substituting into , we have:
e
x
= 2 + 3e
x
e
x
= 2 +
3
e
x
(e
x
)
2
= 2e
x
+ 3
Chap-09-FWS.indd 18 10/19/2012 10:39:07 AM
(e
x
)
2
2e
x
3 = 0
(e
x
3)(e
x
+ 1) = 0
e
x
= 3 or e
x
= 1
x = ln 3 (No solution)
Hence, the x-coordinate of the point of intersection of the curves y = e
x
and y = 2 + 3e
x
is ln 3.
Area of the shaded region =
ln 3
0
3
2 + 3e
x
e
x
4
dx
=
3
2x + 3
1
1
e
x
e
x
4
ln 3
0
=
3
2x
3
e
x
e
x
4
ln 3
0
= 2 ln 3
3
e
ln3
e
ln 3

2(0)
3
e
0
e
0
= 2 ln 3
3
3
3 0 + 3 + 1
= 2.20 units
2
25 (a) y
2
= x(x 4)
2
y = x (x
4)
Hence, the axis of symmetry is the x-axis.
(b) Since y
2
0, then x(x 4)
2
0.
Because (x 4)
2
0, x(x 4)
2
0 if and only if x 0.
Hence, the curve exists only for x 0.
(c) y
2
= x(x 4)
2
= x(x
2
8x + 16)
= x
3
8x
2
+ 16x
2y
dy
dx
= 3x
2
16x + 16

dy
dx
=
3x
2
16x + 16
2y
At turning points,
dy
dx
= 0.

3x
2
16x + 16
2y
= 0
3x
2
16x + 16 = 0
(3x 4)(x 4) = 0
x =
4
3

When x =
4
3
, y
2
=
4
3

4
3
4
2
= 9
13
27
y = 3.08
Hence, the turning points are
1
1
3
, 3.08
and
1
1
3
, 3.08
.
x = 4 is not accepted because when x = 4, y = 0
and =
dy
dx
=
0
0
(undefined).
Chap-09-FWS.indd 19 10/19/2012 10:39:08 AM
(d) The curve y
2
= x(x 4)
2
is as shown in the following diagram.
x
y
O
4
1
3
1
, 3.08
1
3
1
, 3.08
(e) Volume generated =
4
0
y
2
dx
=
4
0
x(x 4)
2
dx
=
4
0
(x
3
8x
2
+ 16x) dx
=
3
x
4
4

8x
3
3
+ 8x
2
4
4
0
=
3
64
8
3
(64) + 128
4
= 21
1
3
units
3
26 y
2
= 6x ...
y = 2x + 6 ...
Substituting into ,
(2x + 6)
2
= 6x
4x
2
24x + 36 = 6x
4x
2
30x + 36 = 0
2x
2
15x + 18 = 0
(2x 3)(x 6) = 0
x =
3
2
or 6
From : When x =
3
2
, y = 2
3
2
+ 6
= 3
When x = 6, y = 2(6) + 6
= 6
Hence, the points of intersection of the curve y
2
= 6x and the straight line y = 2x + 6 are
3
2
, 3

and (6, 6).
Chap-09-FWS.indd 20 10/19/2012 10:39:08 AM
The graphs of y
2
= 6x and y = 2x + 6 are as shown in the following diagram.
x
y
O
y
1
2
= 6x
y
2
= 2x + 6
(6, 6)
6
3
3 6
V
1
V
2
3
2
V
1
=
3
0

y
2
6
2
dy +
6
3

y
2

2
dy
=
3
0

y
4
36
dy +
1
4

6
3
(36 12y + y
2
) dy
=
3
y
5
180
4
3
0
+
1
4

3
36y 6y
2
+
y
3
3
4
6
3
=

243
180
+
1
4

3
36(6) 6(6)
2
+
216
3

36(3) 6(3)
2
+
27
3
4
=
27
20
+
1
4
(72 63)
=
18
5
units
3
V
2
=
6
0
6x dx
6
3
(2x + 6)
2
dx
= [
3x
2
]
6
0

6
3
(4x
2
24x + 36) dx
= 3(36 0)
3
4x
3
3
12x
2
+ 36x
4
6
3
= 108
3
4
3
(6)
3
12(6)
2
+ 36(6)
4
3
(3)
3
12(3)
2
+ 36(3)
4
= 108 [72 36]
= 72 units
3
V
1
: V
2
=
18
5

72
=
1
20
= 1:20 [Shown]
27 y = x(4 x)
= 4x x
2

y =
4
x
1
Chap-09-FWS.indd 21 10/19/2012 10:39:08 AM
Substituting into ,
4x x
2
=
4
x
1
4x
2
x
3
= 4 x
x
3
4x
2
x + 4 = 0
By inspection, x = 1 satisfies the equation.
(x 1)(x
2
3x 4) = 0
(x 1)(x + 1)(x 4) = 0
x = 1, 1 or 4
x = 1 is not accepted
x = 1 or 4
From : When x = 1, y =
4
1
1
= 3
When x = 4, y =
4
4
1
= 0
Hence, the points of intersection of the curves are (1, 3) and (4, 0) for x > 0.
The graphs of y = x(4 x) and y =
4
x
1 for x 0 are as shown in the following diagram.
y
x
O
(2, 4)
(1, 3)
y
2
=
4
x
y
1
= x(4 x)
1
4
1
Volume generated =
4
1
y
2
2
dx
4
1
y
1
2
dx
=
4
1
x
2
(4 x)
2
dx
4
1

4
x
1
2
dx
=
4
1
x
2
(16 8x + x
2
) dx
4
1

16
x
2

8
x
+ 1
dx
=
4
1
(16x
2
8x
3
+ x
4
) dx
4
1

16
x
2

8
x
+ 1
dx
=
3
16x
3
3
2x
4
+
x
5
5
4
4
1

3

16
x
8 ln x + x
4
4
1
x
2
3x 4
x 1 x
3
4x
2
x + 4
x
3
x
2
3x
2
x
3x
2
+ 3x
4x + 4
4x + 4
0
Chap-09-FWS.indd 22 10/19/2012 10:39:09 AM
=
3
16(4)
3
3
2(4)
4
+
4
5
5

16
3
2 +
1
5
4

3

16
4
8 ln 4 + 4 (16 8 ln 1 + 1)
4
= 30
3
5
(15 8 ln 4)
= 15
3
5
+ 8 ln 2
2
= 15
3
5
+ 16 ln 2
=
15
3
5
+ 16 ln 2
[Shown]
28 y = e
x
When x = 0, y = e
0
= 1
When x + , y +
When x , y 0
y = 2 + 3e
x
y = 2 +
3
e
x
When x = 0, y = 2 +
3
e
0
= 5
When x + ,
3
e
x
0 and thus y 2
When x , y +
x
y
O In 3
1
2
5
y = e
x
y = 2 + 3e
x
y = e
x

y = 2 + 3e
x

Substituting into , we have:
e
x
= 2 + 3e
x
e
x
= 2 +
3
e
x
(e
x
)
2
= 2e
x
+ 3
(e
x
)
2
2e
x
3 = 0
(e
x
3)(e
x
+ 1) = 0
e
x
= 3 or e
x
= 1
x = ln 3 (Not possible)
Hence, the x-coordinate of the point of intersection of the curves y = e
x
and y = 2 + 3e
x
is ln 3.
Chap-09-FWS.indd 23 10/19/2012 10:39:09 AM
ln 3
0
3
2 + 3e
x
e
x
4
dx
=
3
2x + 3
1
1
e
x
e
x
4
ln 3
0
=
3
2x
3
e
x
e
x
4
ln 3
0
= 2 ln 3
3
e
ln3
e
ln 3

2(0)
3
e
0
e
0
= 2 ln 3
3
3
3 0 + 3 + 1
= 2.20 units
2
29
2x + 1
(x
2
+ 1)(2 x)

Ax + B
x
2
+ 1
+
C
2 x
2x + 1 (Ax + B)(2 x) + C(x
2
+ 1)
Letting x = 2, 5 = C(5)
C = 1
Letting x = 0, 1 = 2B + C
1 = 2B + 1
B = 0
Letting x = 1, 3 = (A + B) + 2C
3 = (A + 0) + 2(1)
A = 1

2x + 1
(x
2
+ 1)(2 x)
=
x
x
2
+ 1
+
1
2 x

1
0

2x + 1
(x
2
+ 1)(2 x)
dx =
1
0

x
x
2
+ 1
dx +
1
0

1
2 x
dx
=
1
2

1
0

2x
x
2
+ 1
dx
1
0

1
2 x
dx
=
3
1
2
ln (x
2
+ 1)
4
1
0
[ln (2 x)]
1
0
=
1
2
(ln 2 ln 1) (ln 1 ln 2)
= 1.04
30 (a)

x
2
+ x + 2

x
2
+ 2
= 1 +
x
x
2
+ 2
1
x
2
+ 2
x
2
+ x + 2
x
2
+ 2
x
Chap-09-FWS.indd 24 10/19/2012 10:39:09 AM

x
2
+ x + 2
x
2
+ 2
dx =
1 +
x
x
2
+ 2
dx
=
3
1 +
1
2

2x
x
2
+ 2
4
dx
= x +
1
2
ln | x
2
+ 2| + c
(b)
x
e
x + 1
dx =
xe
(x + 1)
dx
=
1
1
e
(x + 1)
x
e
(x + 1)
1 dx
=
x
e
x + 1
+
e
(x + 1)
dx
=
x
e
x + 1
+
1
1
e
(x + 1)
+ c
=
x
e
x + 1

1
e
x + 1
+ c
=
x + 1
e
x + 1
+ c
31 (a)
dy
dx
=
3x 5
2 x
y =
3x 5
2 x

dx
y =
3
2
x
1
2

5
2
x
1
2
dx
y =
3
2

x
3
2
3
2

5
2

x
1
2
1
2

+ c
y = x
3
2
5x
1
2
+ c
Since the curve passes through the point (1, 4), then
4 = (1)
3
2
5(1)
1
2
+ c
4 = 1 5 + c
c = 0
Hence, the equation of the curve is y = x
3
2
5x
1
2
= x
1
2
(x 5)
= x (x 5)
(b) At the x-axis, y = 0
x(x 5) = 0
x = 0 or 5
x = 0 is ignored because it is given that x > 0. Therefore, x = 5.
Chap-09-FWS.indd 25 10/19/2012 10:39:10 AM
At a turning point,
dy
dx
= 0.

3x 5
2 x
= 0
3x 5 = 0
x =
5
3
When x =
5
3
, y =
5
3

5
3
5
= 4.30

dy
dx
=
3x 5
2 x
=
3
2
x
1
2

5
2
x
1
2

d
2
y
dx
2
=
3
4
x
1
2
+
5
4
x
3
2
=
3
4x
1
2
+
5
4x
3
2
When x =
5
3
,
d
2
y
dx
2
=
3
4
5
3
1
2
+
5
4
5
3
3
2
(> 0)
Hence,
1
2
3
, 4.30
is a minimum point.
Then curve of y = x(x 5) is as shown below.
y
x
O
4 5 3 2 1
2
4
2
3
1
, 4.30
Chap-09-FWS.indd 26 10/19/2012 10:39:10 AM

(c) Area of the region bounded by the curve and the x-axis =
5
0
y dx
5
0
x
3
2
3x
1
2
dx
=
3
2x
5
2
5
5
2x
3
2
3
4
5
0
2
5
(5)
5
2

10
3
(5)
3
2
0
2
5
( 5)
5

10
3
( 5)
3
2
5
(25 5)
10
3
(5 5)
10 5
50
3
5

20
3
5
=
20
3
5 units
2
32
3
2

(x 2)
2
x
2
dx =
3
2

x
2
4x + 4
x
2

dx
=
3
2

1
4
x
+ 4x
2
dx
=
3
x 4 ln |x| + 4
x
1
1
4
3
2
=
3
x 4 ln |x|
4
x
4
3
2
= 3 4 ln 3
4
3

2 4 ln 2
4
2
=
5
3
+ 4 ln 2 4 ln 3
=
5
3
+ 4 (ln 2 ln 3)
=
5
3
+ 4 ln
2
3
[Shown]
33 y = 6 e
x
On the x-axis, y = 0.
6 e
x
= 0
e
x
= 6
x = ln 6
Chap-09-FWS.indd 27 10/19/2012 10:39:10 AM
Thus, the curve y = 6 e
x
intersects the x-axis at (ln 6, 0).
On the y-axis, x = 0.
y = 6 e
0
y = 5
Thus, the curve y = 6 e
x
intersects the y-axis at (0, 5).
As x , y
As x , y 6
(In 5, 1)
In 6
5
6
y = 6 e
x
y = 5e
x
O
x
y
y = 5e
x
On the y-axis, x = 0.
y = 5(e
0
)
y = 5
Therefore, the curve y = 5e
x
intersects the y-axis at (0, 5).
As x , y 0.
As x , y
The curves y = 6 e
x
and y = 5e
x
are as shown.
y = 6 e
x

y = 5e
x

Substituting into ,
6 e
x
= 5e
x
6e
x
(e
x
)
2
= 5
Letting e
x
= p,
6p p
2
= 5
p
2
6p + 5 = 0
(p 1)(p 5) = 0
p = 1 or 5
When p = 1,
e
x
= 1
x = ln 1
x = 0
Chap-09-FWS.indd 28 10/19/2012 10:39:11 AM
When x = 0, y = 6 e
0
= 5
When p = 5,
e
x
= 5
x = ln 5
When x = ln 5, y = 6 e
ln 5
= 6 5 = 1
Hence, the points of intersection are (0, 5) and (ln 5, 1).

ln 5
0

3
6 e
x
5e
x
4
dx
=
3
6x e
x

5
(1)
e
x

4
ln 5
0
=
3
6x e
x
+
5
e
x4
ln 5
0
= 6 ln 5 e
ln 5

5
e
ln 5

0 e
0
+
5
e
0
= 6 ln 5 5 +
5
5
(1 + 5)
= 6 ln 5 5 + 1 + 1 5
= (6 ln 5 8) units
2
Volume of the solid generated =

ln 5
0

3
6 e
x
2
5e
x
2
4
dx
=

ln 5
0

3
36 12e
x
+ e
2x
25e
2x
4
dx
=
3
36x 12e
x
+
1
2
e
2x

25
(2)
e
2x
4
ln 5
0
=
3
36x 12e
x
+
1
2
e
2x

25
2e
2x 4
ln 5
0
=
3
36 ln 5 12e
ln 5
+
1
2
e
2 ln 5
+
25
2e
2 ln 5

0 12e
0
+
1
2
e
0
+
25
2e
04
=
3
36 ln 5 12(5) +
1
2
(25) +
25
2(25)

12 +
1
2
+
25
2
4
= (36 ln 5 48)
= 12(3 ln 5 4) units
3
34 Let u = 1 x

du
dx
= 1
dx = du
When x = 0, u = 1.
When x = 1, u = 0.
Chap-09-FWS.indd 29 10/19/2012 10:39:11 AM

1
0
x
2
(1 x)
1
3
dx =
0
1
(1 u)
2
u
1
3
(du)
=
0
1
u
1
3
(1 u)
2
du
=
0
1
u
1
3
(1 2u + u
2
) du
=
0
1
u
1
3
+ 2u
4
3
u
7
3
du
=
3

u
4
3
4
3
+
2u
7
3
7
3

u
10
3
10
3

4
0
1
=
3

3
4
u
4
3
+
6
7
u
7
3

3
10
u
10
3
4
0
1
= 0
3

3
4
(1)
4
3
+
6
7
(1)
7
3

3
10
(1)
10
3
4
=
3
4

6
7
+
3
10
=
27
140
35 (a)
O
y
1
= x
2
4
y
2
= x 2
4
2
3
2
1
2
x
y
R
(b) y = x 2
y = x
2
4
Substituting into ,
x
2
4 = x 2
x
2
x 2 = 0
(x 2)(x + 1) = 0
x = 2 or 1
When x = 2, y = 2 2
= 0
When x = 1, y = 1 2
= 3
Hence, the coordinates of the points of intersection are (2, 0) and (1, 3).
Chap-09-FWS.indd 30 10/19/2012 10:39:11 AM
(c) Area of R =
2
1
(y
2
y
1
) dx
=
2
1
3(x 2) (x
2
4)4 dx
=
2
1
( x
2
+ x + 2) dx
=
3

x
3
3
+
x
2
2
+ 2x
4
2
1
=
2
3
3
+
2
2
2
+ 2(2)
3

(1)
3
3
+
(1)
2
2
+ 2(1)
4
=
10
3

7
6
=
9
2
units
2
(d) Volume generated =
2
1
(y
1
2
y
2
2
) dx
=
2
1
3(x
2
4)
2
(x 2)
2
4 dx
=
2
1
3(x
4
8x
2
+ 16) (x
2
4x + 4)4 dx
=
2
1
3(x
4
9x
2
+ 4x + 12) dx
=
3
x
5
5
3x
3
+ 2x
2
+ 12x
4
2
1

=
3
2
5
5
3(2)
3
+ 2(2)
2
+ 12(2)
(1)
5
5
3(1)
3
+ 2(1)
2
+ 12(1)
4
=
3
72
5

36
5
4
=
108
5
units
3
Chap-09-FWS.indd 31 10/19/2012 10:39:11 AM

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Chap-09-FWS.indd 2 10/19/2012 10:39:02 AM

(e) Volume generated =

Chap-09-FWS.indd 26 10/19/2012 10:39:10 AM

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