Additional Mathematics F5 ~ Probability Distribution

D:Maths.Additional.19NormalDistributionF5_Normal.doc
1
Skill 1 ~Normal Distribution: You should know .
~ is a probability distribution of continuous random variables (only quantities that can be measured).
~ is denoted by N(, o
2
) where = mean and o
2
= variance .
~ can be transformed into the standard normal distribution by using the formula,
X
Z

o

= , where Z ~ standard
score.
~ The standard normal curve, N(0, 1) is symmetrical about the vertical axis.
~ The area of the region bounded by the normal curve, X = a, V = b and the horizontal axis represents P(a X b),
that is the probability that a normal random variable has values between a and b.
~ The total area under the normal curve with horizontal axis is 1.
~ Graphs of Standard Normal Distribution:










Skill 1 : Calculate Probability (Area Under The Graph)

Type 1

Refer to the graph and table,
P(Z > 05) = 03085




If Z is a standard normal variable, find the value of the following.
(a) P(Z > 16) = (b) P(Z > 241) =
(c) P(Z > 1.835) = (d) P(Z > 0238) =



Type 2 (Reflection)

Refer to the graph and table,
P(Z < 05) = P(Z > 05)
= 03085




If Z is a standard normal variable, find the value of the following.
(a) P(Z < 11) = (b) P(Z < 152) =
(c) P(Z s 2.348) = (d) P(Z s 2.307) =




a
P(Z > a)
0
z
f(z)
a
0
z
f(z
)
b
a
P(a < Z< b)
a 0
z
f(z)
P(Z < a)
05
0
z
f(z)
P(Z > 05)
05
P(Z < 05)
0
z
f(z)
05
P(Z > 05)
0
z
f(z)
Additional Mathematics F5 ~ Probability Distribution
D:Maths.Additional.19NormalDistributionF5_Normal.doc
2
Type 3 (Deduction)








Refer to the graph and table,
P(05 < Z < 12) = P(Z > 05) P(Z > 12)
= 03085 01151
= 01934

If Z is a standard normal variable, find the value of the following.
(a) P(02 < Z < 21)
=
(b) P(132 s Z s 324)
=
(c) P(0352 < Z < 1984)
=
(d) P(0 < Z s 2.307)
=
(e) P( 325 < Z < 21)
=
(f) P( 2138 < Z < 0567)
=

Type 4 (Deduction)








Refer to the graph and table,
P(12 < Z < 05) = 1 P(Z > 05) P(Z < 12)
= 1 P(Z > 05) P(Z > 12)
= 1 03085 01151
= 05764


If Z is a standard normal variable, find the value of the following.
(a) P( 13 < Z < 15)
=
(b) P( 068 s Z s 217)
=

12 0
z
f(z)
P(12 < Z < 05)
12
05 0
z
f(z)
05
P(Z > 05)
0
z
f(z) P(Z < 12)
1
=
Reflection

=
05 12
0
z
f(z)
P(05 < Z < 12)
05
0
z
f(z)
P(Z > 05)
12
P(Z > 12)
0
z
f(z)
Additional Mathematics F5 ~ Probability Distribution
D:Maths.Additional.19NormalDistributionF5_Normal.doc
3
(c) P( 0752 < Z < 3001)
=
(d) P( 1.502 < Z s 2.100)
=
(e) P( 3842 < Z < 2123)
=
(f) P( 1238 < Z < 2142)
=


Skill 2 : Calculate z-value, Given the Probability P(Z > z)

Example:
Given P(Z > z) = 02266, find the z-value.
Refer to the table, P(Z > 075) = 02266 and then compare to the given statement,
Therefore, z = 075

Find the z-value of the following.
(a) P(Z > z) = 02546 (b) P(Z > z) = 065
(c) P(Z < z) = 00349 (d) P(Z s z) = 0852
(e) P(z < Z < 205) = 04320 (f) P(0.683 < Z < z) = 02370
(g) P(z < Z < 0.562) = 02620 (h) P( 2.32 < Z < z) = 03403
(i) P(z < Z < 0355) = 04786 (j) P( 1832 < Z < z) = 07494
(k) P(032 < Z < z) = 03477 (l) P(z < Z < 164) = 0975

Additional Mathematics F5 ~ Probability Distribution
D:Maths.Additional.19NormalDistributionF5_Normal.doc
4
Skill 3 : Conversion of x-value to z-value by using formula

Example:
Given x = 48, = 40, o = 8, find the z-value.
Therefore, z =
48 40
8
,
= 05


Convert the following x-values to z-values.
(a) x = 42, = 36, o = 5 (b) x = 30, = 40, o = 8
(c) x = 22, = 16, o = 3 (d) x = 12, = 16, o = 3
(e) x = 113, = 125, o
2
= 144 (f) x = 152, = 125, o
2
= 144
(g) x = 35, = 50, o
2
= 16 (h) x = 60, = 50, o
2
= 16


z =
X
o

Additional Mathematics F5 ~ Probability Distribution
D:Maths.Additional.19NormalDistributionF5_Normal.doc
5
Skill 4 : Conversion of z-value to x-value by using formula

Example:
Given z = 25, = 40, o = 8, find the z-value.
Therefore, x = (25)(8) + 40
= 60


Convert the following z-values to x-values.
(a) z = 135, = 18, o = 2 (b) z = 27, = 18, o = 2
(c) z = 2125, = 10, o = 2 (d) z = 215, = 30, o = 5
(e) z = 21, = 300, o
2
= 64 (f) z = 046, = 300, o
2
= 64
(g) z = 16, = 200, o
2
= 25 (h) z = 1, = 200, o
2
= 25

z =
X
o

X zo = +
Additional Mathematics F5 ~ Probability Distribution
D:Maths.Additional.19NormalDistributionF5_Normal.doc
6
Skill 5 : Problem Solving

Example:

The marks of a group of students in their Maths Test are normally distributed with a mean of 60 and a standard
deviation of 3. If a student is picked at random, find the probability that his mark is
(i) less than 57,
(ii) between 55 and 65.

Solution:

Given: mean, = 60
Standard deviation, o = 3

(i) P(less than 57) = P(X < 57)
= P z
| |
<
|
\ .
57 60
3

= P(z < 1)
= P(z > 1)
= 01587


(ii) P(between 55 and 65) = P(55 < X < 65)
= P z
| |
< <
|
\ .
55 60 65 60
3 3

= P( 1667 < z < 1667)
= 1 P(z < 1667) P(z > 1667)
= 1 P(z > 1667) P(z > 1667)
= 1 2(00478)
= 09044

Solve the following problems.
(a) A normal distribution has a mean of 30 and a standard deviation of 4. If X is the normal distribution variables,
find the value of
(i) P(X > 27) (ii) P(32 < X < 37)

z =
X
o

Identify from question
Type 2
Type 2 & 4
Additional Mathematics F5 ~ Probability Distribution
D:Maths.Additional.19NormalDistributionF5_Normal.doc
7
(b) The diameter of rotan rings produced by a factory are normally distributed with a mean of 4.5 cm and a standard
deviation of 0.5 cm. If a ring is chosen at random, find the probability that its diameter is
(i) longer than 4.7 cm, (ii) longer than 4.4 cm.

(c) The mass of soups produced by a factory are normally distributed with a mean of 140 g and a variance of 25 g.
If a soup is picked at random, find the probability that its mass is
(i) heavier than 145.5 g, (ii) between 138 g and 145 g.

Additional Mathematics F5 ~ Probability Distribution
D:Maths.Additional.19NormalDistributionF5_Normal.doc
8
Extra Work-out.
(a) A survey on the family income of the residents in Kampong A shows that their incomes are normally distributed
with a mean of RM1200 and a standard deviation of RM80.
(i) Calculate the percentage where the family income is less than RM1100.
(ii) If 30 families have an income of between RM1000 and RM1300, find the number of families involved.

(b) The age of the residents in a town are normally distributed with a mean of 45 years old and a variance of 36
years old.
(i) If a resident is chosen at random, find the probability that he/she is more than 50 years old.
(ii) If there are 60 000 residents in the town, estimate the number of residents whose age are more than 50
years old.
Additional Mathematics F5 ~ Probability Distribution
D:Maths.Additional.19NormalDistributionF5_Normal.doc
9
(c) During a test, the score obtained by 50 000 candidates are normally distributed with a mean of 45 and a
standard deviation of 8.
(i) If the excellent score is 60 and above, estimate the number of excellent candidates.
(ii) If 15% of the candidates failed in their test, estimate the minimum score required to get a pass.
(d) 500 students in a school took a Mathematics test. The marks obtained are normally distributed with mean 55 and
standard deviation 10.
(i) If the passing mark is 40, what is the probability that a student chosen at random will pass the test?
(ii) Find the number of pupils who will pass the test if the passing mark is 40.
(iii) If 15% of the students pass the test with grade A, find the minimum mark required to obtain grade A in the
test.