ANATOMY PAST PAPERS

1) Klumpkes palsy affects hand muscle movement.

2) Erb-Duchenne palsy involves the upper roots of the brachial plexus.
3) Nerve supply to trapezius is from brachial plexus.
4) Clavicular fracture can be associated with damage to the middle
cord of the brachial plexus.
5) Clavicular fractures usually occur between medial and lateral thirds.
6) Damage to radial nerve causes difficulty in flexing thumb.
7) Median nerve supplies skin on medial side of fourth finger.
Ulnar artery and radial artery do not anastomose in the hand.
8) Radial artery can be palpated just medial to radial styloid.
9) Fracture of distal end of humerus can damage median nerve.
10) Median nerve can be damaged by fracture of medial epicondyle.
11) Fracture of mid-humerus can damage musculocutaneous nerve.
12) Triceps is not usually paralysed if radial nerve injury occurs in spiral
groove.
13) Axillary nerve cutaneous supply is extensive.
14) Inability to abduct arm above 20
0
could imply axillary nerve injury.
15) Paralysed flexor digitorum superficialis results in difficulty to flex
distal interphalangeal joint of fourth finger.
16) Radial nerve supplies skin on lateral 3 dorsum of hand.
17) Infection/inflammation in hand usually appears as swelling on
dorsum.
18) Most of posterior axillary fold is made up of latissimus dorsi.
19) Interspinous ligaments run along the length of spinous process
between one vertbera and another.
20) Ligamenta flava run between the laminae of one vertbera and
another.
21) Zygapophyseal joints are between centrum/bodies of vertebrae.
22) Joints between vertebral bodies are synovial joints.
23) Thoracic vertebrae have two facets on their bodies and one facet
on their transverse process to articulate with each rib.
24) The spaces between lumbar spinous processes become larger
during back flexion.
25) Erector spinae is involved in back flexion.
26) Cervical vertebrae have a foramen for the vertebral arteries.
27) Abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons form
the boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox.
28) Tenderness in the anatomical snuffbox indicates a possible
scaphoid fracture.
29) Blood supply of scaphoid enters proximally and proceeds distally.
30) Wrist joint is a condyloid joint.
31) Median nerve injury results in loss of sensation along medial side of
hand.
32) Displacement of proximal radial head is a common injury in
children.
33) Dinner fork deformity is indicative of a Colles fracture of the distal
radial head.
34) Branches of lateral cord provide innervation to posterior
compartment of arm.
35) Recurrent (motor) branch of median nerve innervates thenar
muscles.
36) Damage to median nerve paralyses hypothenar muscles.
37) Dorsal interossei adduct fingers.
38) Median nerve is just lateral to biceps tendon.
39) Clavicle develops by intramembranous ossification.
40) Supraspinatus is not a rotator cuff muscle.
41) Damage to median nerve can result in loss of pronation.
42) Musculocutaneous nerve is involved in pronation.
43) Adduction of thumb is not affected in ulnar nerve injury.
44) Carpal tunnel syndrome can result in loss of sensation on (dorsum
of hand?).
45) Fracture of surgical neck of humerus can damage axillary nerve.
46) Axillary nerve leaves through triangular space (?).
47) Median cubital vein is separated from contents of cubital fossa by
bicipital aponeurosis.
48) The ligamentum nuchae extends between spinous process of
lumbar vertebrae.

5 essays (10 marks each):
1. (a) What and where is the trochanteric anastomosis? [4 marks] (b)
What is its clinical significance? [2 marks] (c) What kind of fracture is
likely to result in avascular necrosis, and why? [2 marks] (d) Where is
hip joint pain usually felt,
and why? [2 marks]

2. (a) Briefly describe the derivatives of paraxial mesoderm [5 marks].
3. Describe its boundaries and contents, using a diagram if you want to [4
marks].
4. Your patient suffered an injury to his ulnar nerve at the wrist 10 years
ago.
(a) What deformity do you expect to observe in the hand affected [1
mark]? Describe the muscles involved [3 marks].
(b) What other functions might be affected? [4 marks]
(c) Where is there loss of sensation? [1 mark]
(d) What is the dermatome involved? [1 mark]

5. 50 year-old woman presents with a lump in left breast, which causes
tethering and dimpling.
(a) Describe the lymphatic drainage of the breast, and describe the
causes of tethering and dimpling [7 marks].
(b)After surgery, woman complains of swelling in left upper limb
what is happening? [1 mark]
(c) What other structure can be injured during axillary node resection?
[1 mark] How does this present? [1 mark]