Network

Management



Introduction to
Computer
Administration




Mendillo, John Melrique C.
BSIT III
Computer Network
Computer network is a series of computers connected to each other with this feature it allow
all computers to easily communicate with each other. They can transfer, Copy, Edit and other
computer based sharing. With this Network it can make the job easier. One example of
Computer Network is ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network.

Communication Model
Source - It is the one that generates the data to be transmitted
Transmitter The one responsible for converting data and making it transmittable
Transmission System It is the one who carries the data more likely the container of the data
Receiver It converts the data signal that is being sent by the source
Destination it is the last spot or place in which this is the target point of the sent data

Transmission Modes
Simplex
One Direction
Example: Television, Radio

Half Duplex
Available in any direction but it is 1:1. It can only transmit one device to another
Example: Walkie Talkie, Police Radio, Pagers

Full Duplex
Available in both sides of communication
Example: Telephones, Smartphones, Computer (Skype, Yahoo Messenger, ooVoo)


Communication Types
Unicasting (one to one)
Unicasting is a type of communication which allows a single way communication or 1:1. Best
example of this is a normal communication of people in which both sides share their own
thoughts, Response to the sender and Receiving a feedback.
Multicasting (One to many)
Multicasting can be experienced wherein you are a group of people in a room or group of
people inside a conference room online via social networking softwares such as Skype. It is a
group but I only communicates to the selected members who are chosen to join the cetain
communication.

Broadcasting (One to All)
It is similar to multi casting but this time it is you to the world. One example of this is
newscasters in BBC. As we all know BBC is an international News casting station in which they
deliver dialer news to the world. We can see that broadcasting has a wider range than
multicasting

Network Classifications

Local Area Network (LAN)
Available only in local places such as office rooms. it is an intact type of network classification in
which it is connected by a LAN cable. Examples of which are printers, Servers , Scanners , and a
set of computers.

Wide Area Networks (WAN)
It is a series of LAN networks connected to each other allowing it to cover more areas than the
LAN. Best example of this is the internet itself. As you can see internet is a series of networks
known as websites. Websites works with network allowing all the visitors to be connected in
their website.

Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN)
It allows large organizations to share regional resources much easier but it is a network
provider that sells time.
It is a larger network than WAN in which it can cross around the globe.

Campus Area Networks (CAN)
It is a local area network but this time it covers up a specific place but it is larger than the Local
Area Networks range. Southville International Schools and Colleges has its ERELIM in which it
connects different departments as we all know it has some related resources that can be
shared throughout the network

Personal Area Network (PAN)
From the world personal which means You (self) it is a network that is somehow private and
cant be accessed by other people. It has a very small range of 2 meters. Examples of which are
Phones, Mp3 players, Mp4 players and all other devices which is personal

Client/Server Network
This network features a Node and a server the nodes are also called clients they can access the
data in the database software in which the server is the one responsible providing for it. The
most important Computer system in this network is the server. Without the server the nodes
are useless because the sharing of data cannot happen with the server offline.

Peer to Peer networks (P2PN)
This is like a client/server network but in this network all nodes are equal. Nodes are allowed to
access some resources from the fellow node. One form of this is distributed computing. P2PN
can be seen in some present operating systems.

Network Topology
It is a layout of wires and equipment connected to each other forming a network. It can affect
the networks performance, Size and collision detection. Every network topology has its own
logical representation in which they show how wires and equipment connected.



BUS
It is an easy to setup type of network topology which only needs a small amount of wires to
connect the equipment. The terminators ends the wires. But it slow and easy to crash because
of one wire connecting all the nodes which can cause traffic


STAR
All equipment are connected in a single hub which manages the transfer of data in certain
equipment this is the most common topology because it can be seen in some houses. It is also
easy to set up and it has less crash than BUS topology but it uses a lot of cable making in space
consuming.


RING
A ring is a circle. But in this topology nodes must wait for the token to be sent to make it
organized. Tokens are the one responsible for transmitting data. The sent data time is also
known in this topology making it accurate and it has no data collisions but having this
advantages requires a lot of wires.


MESH
In this topology all of the computers are connected to each other. Internet is an example of a
mesh network allowing all the online people to be connected to each other. You have an
assurance that your data will always be transferred to the destination but this network is hard
to setup than the others.




TREE
It is a topology in hierarchical form from the supreme to the least. It is a scalable type of
network allowing it to be easily implemented as well as it only takes a small time
troubleshooting.


Network Media
This connects all the nodes but it has some specific impacts namely the Speed, Security and
Size.

Twisted Pair Cabling
The most common LAN cable present in some 1mbps plans in a certain ISP. It is a copper made
wire, there are four pairs of it. It can be shielded from network interference.

Coaxial Cable
Its a cable wire that is somehow not used in these days. It is only a single wire that runs
through a cable.

Fiber Optics
This is known for its superfast light pulse transmission system. It is a glass strand type of cable
which makes it very secured and its being used by some famous computer shops like Mineski
and Arena.

Wireless Media
It is wireless type of device which allows you to transmit data with the use of radio waves for
LAN and microwave signals for WAN.

Internetwork
It is a connection of 2 or more computer networks in a common routing technology. Any type of
inter connections between public, private, industrial or governmental, networks can be also
called as an internetwork.

Intranet
It uses an internet protocol and it is IP based. It is the most common in organizations.

Extranet
It only has a limited scope to a single organization but it must have a single connection with an
external network.

Internet
It is the world wide web itself everyone can access websites. It is the most used in this time.