Chair of

Power Plant Technology

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Krautz
Power Plant Technology
Practice 3
Regenerative cycle (Regeneration)
With the regenerative cycle, the mean temperature at which heat is ae can !e increase !y
raising the temperature of the fee-water entering the !oiler.
The "uantity of steam e#tracte is just sufficient to cause the li"ui lea$ing the fee-heater to
!e saturate at state
%a&
s
T
'
( )
*
3
+
"
"
z u
a b
T
T
m a x
m i n
,
' -
T
m
K
m
F D
c

a
m
a
m
c
m
b
.
.
.
. .
(b)
Fig. 4.1 Clausius-Rankine process with regenerative fee water preheating
The individual processes are:
+ ' isentropic e#pansion in the tur!ine
' 3 isothermal conensation
3 * isentropic compression !oiler fee pumps
%summarize on the !asis of the rawing.iagram&
+
/
+
'
*
(
)
"
"
i n
o u t
3
,
a
!
c

Chair of
Power Plant Technology
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Krautz
Power Plant Technology
Practice 3
* ( preheating of the fee water using pass-out steam in the 0P an 1P
fee water preheating
( ) 2lue gas preheating in the steam generator %3conomizer&
) , 3$aporation in the steam generator %4oiler&
, + 5uperheating in the steam generator %superheater&
Determination of the thermal efficiency
in
out
in
out in
th
!
!
!
! !

= +

=


=

( +
3 '
( +
3 '
+ +
& %
& % & %
+
h h
h h
"
"
h h "
h h " "
s
i
i
#
s
i
i
# s
th

& %
& %
( +
,
i l
s
in "
s s
h h "
$

=

Type of feed water heaters
There are two types of fee water heaters use in power plants6
Open or contact type feed-heater7 here the e#tracte steam an the fee-water
returning to the !oiler are mi#e emerging as a single stream.
Closed type feed-heater in which the stream an fee-water are 8ept
separate with only heat transfer ta8ing place through walls of tu!es. In this
type of fee-heaters there is no irect contact !etween the !le-steam an
the fee-water in the heater
%a&
%!&
2ig. *. ' 2ee water heater %a& open or contact %!& close or surface
2or the open fee-water the energy !alance can !e written7
( )
3 ' +
+ h h " "h = +
2or the close fee-water heater the energy !alance can !e written in a similar way neglecting
the rain pump wor87
'
3
Feed
heater
m h
(1 - m) h
Fig. 4.16
1
2
1
h
3
2
3
2
Feed
heater
m h
(1 - m) h
Fig. 4.17
1
2
1
h
3
Drain pump

Chair of
Power Plant Technology
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Krautz
Power Plant Technology
Practice 3
( )
3 ' +
+ h h " "h = +
xercise !
9 process with single reheating is upstreame a two-stage fee water preheating with a mi#ing
or open preheater an a close or surface-type fee heater. The pressure in the preheating
stages is :.) ;Pa for the mi#ing preheater an * ;Pa for the surface-type fee heater. <se the
following assumptions7 no irre$ersi!ility uring the process, the surface-type fee heater has no
grauation in the esign state.
process ata7 p
+
= +( ;Pa p
c
= :.::,( ;Pa p
re
= * ;Pa
T
+
= T
re
= ((: >C T
min
= *: >C
Draw the process in T-s iagram an e$elop the hc. Calculate the !leeer steam "uantity an
the thermal efficiency.
/
+
*
3 '
(
)
?
,
@
+ :
+ +
+ '
h A
% y &
% + - y &
% z &
% + - y - z &
s
T
+
'
3
*
(
)
,
@
?
+ :
+ +
+ '
h A
Determination of some $alues7
p B;PaC t B>CC h B8D.8gC s B8D.8g KC $ BmE.8gC
Point + +( ((: 3**@.) ).(+?@ W5T
Point ' * 33(.? 3:((.')) ).(+?@ Interpol.
Point 3 * ((: 3((?.@ ,.''?* W5T
Point ( :.::,( ''(*.'?+ ,.''?*
Point ) :.::,( *:.'? +)@.,, :.(,)3 :.::+::@ W5T
Point , :.) +,*.@+ :.(,)3 Calc.
Point (
p = :.::,( ;Pa s
(
= s
3
= ,.''?* 8D.8g K
3

Chair of
Power Plant Technology
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Krautz
Power Plant Technology
Practice 3
) ,
) , (
(
fg
f
s
s s
%

=
with s
g,)
= @.'(+* 8D.8g K an s
f,)
= :.(,)3 8D.8g K
#
(
= :.@))@
h
(
= h
f,)
F #
(
h
fg,)
h
fg,)
= '*:) 8D.8g h
(
= ''(*.'?+ 8D.8g
Point ,
h
,
= h
)
F h
,
= h
)
F G
)
%p
,
- p
)
&
h
,
= +)@.,, 8D.8g F :.::+::@ mE.8g A %:.) - :.::,(& +:
3
H.mI
h
,
= +,*.@+ 8D.8g
Jther Points7
Point * h
*
= h %:.) ;Pa& an s
*
= s
3
= s
(
Point @ h
@
= h
f
%:.) ;Pa&
Point ? h
?
= h
@
F h
?
= h
@
F G
@
%p
?
- p
@
&
h
?
= ),:.(* 8D.8g F :.::++:+ mE.8g A %+) - :.)& +:
3
H.mI
h
?
= )@,.( 8D.8g
Point +: h
+:
= h
f
%* ;Pa&
Point ++ h
++
= h
+:
F h
++
= h
+:
F G
+:
%p
++
- p
+:
&
h
++
= +:@,.'? 8D.8g F :.::+'(' mE.8g A %+) - *& +:
3
H.mI
h
++
= ++:'.3+* 8D.8g
p B;PaC t B>CC h B8D.8gC s B8D.8g KC $ BmE.8gC
Point * :.) ')'.(3 '?@3.3, ,.''?* Interpol.
Point @ :.) ),:.(* +.?3++ :.::++:+ W5T
Point ? +) )@,.( +.?3++ Calc.
Point +: * '(:.3) +:@,.'? '.,?)3 :.::+'(' WDT
Point ++ +) ++:'.3+* '.,?)3 Calc.
Point +'
0eat !alance7 h
+'
= y h
++
F %+-y& hA
Point hA hA = h %+) ;Pa, t
s * ;Pa
& t
s * ;Pa
= '(:.* >C
hA = +:@,.@( 8D.8g %interpolate&
p B;PaC t B>CC h B8D.8gC s B8D.8g KC $ BmE.8gC
Point hA +) '(:.* +:@).* W5T
Point +' +) +:@?.,) Calc.
The !lee-steam flow KyL is re"uire for the etermination of point +'.
Thus a mass an energy !alance is one aroun the preheaters.
*
y h
++
+-y hA
h
+'

Chair of
Power Plant Technology
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Krautz
Power Plant Technology
Practice 3
- surface-type fee heater7
accoring to !alancing is7 y h
'
F %+-y& h
?
= %+-y& hA F y h
+:

y
h h
h h h h
=

+
A
A
?
' +: ?
y = :.'+:,@
h
+'
= By h
++
F %+-y& hAC h
+'
= +:@?.,) 8D.8g
4alance aroun point ' is not possi!le %+ e"uation, no $aria!le&
- mi#ing preheater
accoring to !alancing7 %+-y-z& h
,
F z h
*
= %+-y& h
@

z
y h h
h h
=

% & A% & +
@ ,
* ,
z = :.+3?3
- conensate flow %+-y-z& = :.)*??'
t
/
t
s
%* ;Pa&
t
?
Temperature Marea-iagram
T-9-
iagram irre$ersi!le
re$ersi!le.
heat
e#change inepenent of mass
flow
(
y h
+:
%+-y& h
?
y h
'
%+-y& hA

Chair of
Power Plant Technology
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Krautz
Power Plant Technology
Practice 3
thermal efficiency 7
in
out
th
"
"
+ =
"
in
= + A %h
+
- h
+'
& F %+-y& %h
3
- h
'
& = ',(,.:3 8D.8g
"
out
= %+-y-z& %h
(
- h
)
& = +3((.*'' 8D.8g

th
= :.(:@*
)