ECX 6235 COMPILER DESIGN

W.A.D.K.GUNAWARDHANA 70864878
This is a sample tutorial describes how to check your grammar is in correct order or not and
print the DFA states of your grammar using bison and flex in windows environment. First we
must define our grammar in lex (*.l) and yacc (*.y) files. In this example I named them as
heat.l and heat.y because these files are describes a process of heat equipment.
(Figure 1)



Figure 1


heat.l
%{
#include <stdio.h>
#include "y.tab.h"
%}
%%
[0-9]+ yylval=atoi(yytext); return NUMBER;
heat return TOKHEAT;
on|off yylval=!strcmp(yytext,"on");return STATE;
target return TOKTARGET;
temperature return TOKTEMPERATURE;
\n /*ignore end of line*/;
[\t]+ /*ignore whitespace*/;
%%

int yywrap(void)
{
return 1;
}


ECX 6235 COMPILER DESIGN
W.A.D.K.GUNAWARDHANA 70864878
heat.y
%{
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <math.h>
int lineno =1;
void yyerror(char *str);
%}

%start commands
%token NUMBER TOKHEAT STATE TOKTARGET TOKTEMPERATURE

%%

commands :/*empty*/
|commands command
;

command :heat_switch
|target_set
;
heat_switch :TOKHEAT STATE
{
if($2)
printf("\tHeat turned on\n");
else
printf("\tHeat turned off\n");
}
;
target_set :TOKTARGET TOKTEMPERATURE NUMBER
{
printf("\tTemperature set to %d\n",$3);
}
;
%%

void yyerror(char *str)
{
fprintf(stderr,"line %d: %s\n",lineno,str);
}


main()
{
yyparse();
}






ECX 6235 COMPILER DESIGN
W.A.D.K.GUNAWARDHANA 70864878
Then open a terminal and type the following command only for heat.y file only (Figure 2)
>bison dv heat.y (here the v parameter for more details type >bison --help)

Figure 2
This will generate following output file (Figure 3)
heat.output

Figure 3
When we open the file using a text editor the file includes the following data
Used and unused nonterminals.
Used and unused terminals.
Grammar rules.
And the states of the Finite Automata (DFA).





ECX 6235 COMPILER DESIGN
W.A.D.K.GUNAWARDHANA 70864878
heat.output
Grammar
rule 1 commands -> /* empty */
rule 2 commands -> commands command
rule 3 command -> heat_switch
rule 4 command -> target_set
rule 5 heat_switch -> TOKHEAT STATE
rule 6 target_set -> TOKTARGET TOKTEMPERATURE NUMBER

Terminals, with rules where they appear

$ (-1)
error (256)
NUMBER (257) 6
TOKHEAT (258) 5
STATE (259) 5
TOKTARGET (260) 6
TOKTEMPERATURE (261) 6

Nonterminals, with rules where they appear

commands (8)
on left: 1 2, on right: 2
command (9)
on left: 3 4, on right: 2
heat_switch (10)
on left: 5, on right: 3
target_set (11)
on left: 6, on right: 4


state 0

$default reduce using rule 1 (commands)

commands go to state 1



state 1

commands -> commands . command (rule 2)

$ go to state 10
TOKHEAT shift, and go to state 2
TOKTARGET shift, and go to state 3

command go to state 4
heat_switch go to state 5
target_set go to state 6



state 2

heat_switch -> TOKHEAT . STATE (rule 5)

STATE shift, and go to state 7



state 3

target_set -> TOKTARGET . TOKTEMPERATURE NUMBER (rule 6)

TOKTEMPERATURE shift, and go to state 8



state 4

commands -> commands command . (rule 2)

$default reduce using rule 2 (commands)

ECX 6235 COMPILER DESIGN
W.A.D.K.GUNAWARDHANA 70864878


state 5

command -> heat_switch . (rule 3)

$default reduce using rule 3 (command)



state 6

command -> target_set . (rule 4)

$default reduce using rule 4 (command)



state 7

heat_switch -> TOKHEAT STATE . (rule 5)

$default reduce using rule 5 (heat_switch)



state 8

target_set -> TOKTARGET TOKTEMPERATURE . NUMBER (rule 6)

NUMBER shift, and go to state 9



state 9

target_set -> TOKTARGET TOKTEMPERATURE NUMBER . (rule 6)

$default reduce using rule 6 (target_set)



state 10

$ go to state 11



state 11

$default accept









ECX 6235 COMPILER DESIGN
W.A.D.K.GUNAWARDHANA 70864878
If there is an error it will show the errors in (*.output) file as a below (Figure 4)

Figure 4
This method is briefly described in page 6 of LEX & YACC TUTORIAL by Tom Niemann.

Hope you will use this tutorial for to test your grammar and DFA for your Compiler Design
ECX 6235 mini project.

Thank you!