1

Rajasekaran Natarajan
1
c
o
n
t
a
c
t

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

b
y

l
i
n
e
a
r
-
g
a
p
Contact analysis in Nastran SOL101
Using linear-gap elements
Rajasekaran Natarajan
Consultant
Kawasaki, Japan
by
Rajasekaran Natarajan
2
c
o
n
t
a
c
t

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

b
y

l
i
n
e
a
r
-
g
a
p
Gap constraints in SOL101
from version 70.5
Gap Elements in SOL106
and SOL126
Overview, Comparison
methodology and tools
objectives
2
Rajasekaran Natarajan
3
c
o
n
t
a
c
t

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

b
y

l
i
n
e
a
r
-
g
a
p
Gap constraints in SOL101
from version 70.5
Do not require gap stiffness
No friction considered
Only opening or closing of gaps
Constrain for single d.o.f
Solution by iteration
overview of lin-gap
Rajasekaran Natarajan
4
c
o
n
t
a
c
t

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

b
y

l
i
n
e
a
r
-
g
a
p
Gap constraints in SOL101
characteristics
overview of lin-gap
The displacement cannot be negative
to Avoid Penetration
the the chosen d.o.f must be
perpendicular to contact surface
Chosen d.o.f must be positive
in the opening direction
Chosen d.o.f must be positive
in the opening direction
3
Rajasekaran Natarajan
5
c
o
n
t
a
c
t

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

b
y

l
i
n
e
a
r
-
g
a
p
Gap constraints in SOL101
solution
solving lin-gap constraints
Constraints are solved by the
iterative technique
The iteration starts with the random
vector of initial state closed/open
Solution obtained when No
Penetration/ Tension Forces
Rajasekaran Natarajan
6
c
o
n
t
a
c
t

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

b
y

l
i
n
e
a
r
-
g
a
p
Gap constraints in SOL101
Advantages
Why lin-gap not nlgap
Alternative method to solution
using Gap in SOL 106
No Need for Gap Stiffness
calculations
No know-how needed to control
nonlinear parameter as in SOL 106
SOl106 may not converge on some
cases and some Initial gap values
4
Rajasekaran Natarajan
7
c
o
n
t
a
c
t

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

b
y

l
i
n
e
a
r
-
g
a
p
Gap constraints in SOL101
Advantages
Why lin-gap not temprod
No need of manual control and input
file parsing on every iteration
The time/effort required is
negligible
Fast turnaround time
Achieved full convergence
Rajasekaran Natarajan
8
c
o
n
t
a
c
t

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

b
y

l
i
n
e
a
r
-
g
a
p
Gap constraints in SOL101
Limitations
constraints
Only constraint displacement
non-linearity
Free-Bodies cannot be analyzed
No constraints changes allowed
between sub cases
No Gap stiffness and no sliding
friction
Solution may not converge
5
Rajasekaran Natarajan
9
c
o
n
t
a
c
t

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

b
y

l
i
n
e
a
r
-
g
a
p
methodology
basics
Penetrating Node 13 Np
Opening Node 12 No
Initial gap opening Gi
Displacement of penetrating Node U
13
Up
Displacement of opening Node U
12
Uo
Actual gap displacement Ug
Rajasekaran Natarajan
10
c
o
n
t
a
c
t

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

b
y

l
i
n
e
a
r
-
g
a
p
MPC Modeling
methodology
Actual Gap (Ug) = difference in displacement of
(U
13
) and (U
12
)+ initial gap(G
i
)
Ug = U
12
U
13
+G
i
or
Ug U
12
+ U
13
G
i
= 0
6
Rajasekaran Natarajan
11
c
o
n
t
a
c
t

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

b
y

l
i
n
e
a
r
-
g
a
p
Ug U
12
+ U
13
G
i
= 0
MPC Modeling
methodology
Since Ug cannot be dependent and U
13
is
constrained already
U
12
+ Ug G
i
= 0
Assign SPOINT 51 for Ug and SPOINT 101 for G
i
Assign SUPORT for Ug
Apply initial gap displacement to G
i
Create MPC using the Relation
Rajasekaran Natarajan
12
c
o
n
t
a
c
t

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

b
y

l
i
n
e
a
r
-
g
a
p
Case and bulk cards
methodology
Max. No. of Iteration
PARAM,CDITER, <integer>
Print Iteration History
PARAM,CDPRT, <yes/no>
Punch Final Contact Status
PARAM,CDSHUT, <yes/no>
Input Vector of Initial status
DMIG,CDSHUT
Default All closed
7
Rajasekaran Natarajan
13
c
o
n
t
a
c
t

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

b
y

l
i
n
e
a
r
-
g
a
p
Proj: Example Model-Basic
Example1
6 points
u,v,w=0
x,y,z =0
2 Bolts As
CBAR12
Rajasekaran Natarajan
14
c
o
n
t
a
c
t

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

b
y

l
i
n
e
a
r
-
g
a
p
Example1
Analyzed Models
Model Without
Contact
Model With
Contact
Methods used for contact
TempRod CBAR
Cgap SOL106
Lingap SOL101
8
Rajasekaran Natarajan
15
c
o
n
t
a
c
t

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

b
y

l
i
n
e
a
r
-
g
a
p
Input for lingap
Bulk Cards
Rajasekaran Natarajan
16
c
o
n
t
a
c
t

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

b
y

l
i
n
e
a
r
-
g
a
p
Input for lingap
Bulk Cards
9
Rajasekaran Natarajan
17
c
o
n
t
a
c
t

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

b
y

l
i
n
e
a
r
-
g
a
p
Input for lingap
Bulk Cards
Rajasekaran Natarajan
18
c
o
n
t
a
c
t

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

b
y

l
i
n
e
a
r
-
g
a
p
Input for lingap
Bulk Cards

10
Rajasekaran Natarajan
19
c
o
n
t
a
c
t

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

b
y

l
i
n
e
a
r
-
g
a
p
Results and Discussion
Bolt Forces
Rajasekaran Natarajan
20
c
o
n
t
a
c
t

a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s

b
y

l
i
n
e
a
r
-
g
a
p
References
References
MSC/NASTRAN manuals from 70.5
Local Analysis of Fastener Holes using the
linear Gap Technology of MSC/NASTRAN
John McCullough and Lance Proctor
Somewhere from the web