COMBINED GAS LAW

- The combined gas law is a gas law which combines Charles's

law, Boyle's law, and Gay-Lussac's law. There is no official founder for this law; it is
merely an amalgamation of the three previously discovered laws. These laws
each relate one thermodynamic variable to another mathematically while
holding everything else constant. Charles's law states that volume and
temperature are directly proportional to each other as long as pressure is held
constant. Boyle's law asserts that pressure and volume are inversely proportional
to each other at fixed temperature. Finally, Gay-Lussac's law introduces a direct
proportionality between temperature and pressure as long as it is at a constant
volume. The inter-dependence of these variables is shown in the combined gas
law, which clearly states that:

The ratio between the pressure-volume product and the temperature of a
system remains constant.

P1V1 P2V2
T1 T2

CHARLES LAW
Charles Law for Constant Pressure Process
- States that The volume of a given mass of an ideal
gas is directly proportional to its temperature on the absolute temperature
scale (in Kelvin) if pressure and the amount of gas remain constant; that is,
the volume of the gas increases or decreases by the same factor as its
temperature.
- This law explains how a gas expands as the temperature increases;
conversely, a decrease in temperature will lead to a decrease in volume.
For comparing the same substance under two different sets of conditions,
the law can be written as:

V1 V2
T1 T2

Where:
V1 Initial volume of the gas
T1 Initial temperature of the gas (measured in Kelvin)
V2 Final volume of the gas
T2 Final Temperature of the gas (measured in Kelvin)


Volume is directly proportional to Temperature.

Charles Law for Constant Volume Process
- Also known as the Gay-Lussacs Law.
- States that if energy is added to a gas at a constant volume,
an increase in the pressure of the gas will result in a corresponding
increase in its temperature.
P1 P2
T1 T2

Where:
T1 Initial temperature of the gas
P1 Initial pressure of the gas
T2 Final temperature of the gas
P2 Final pressure of the gas
BOYLES LAW
- States that The absolute pressure exerted by a given mass of an ideal
gas is inversely proportional to the volume it occupies if the temperature
and amount of gas remain unchanged within a closed system.

P1V1 = P2V2

Where:
P1 Initial pressure of the gas
V1 Initial Volume of the gas
P2 Final pressure of the gas
V2 Final volume of the gas

Pressure is inversely proportional to Volume.


Examples:
1.) The temperature of a sample of an ideal gas confined in a 2.0 L container
was raised from 27 C to 77 C. If the initial pressure of the gas was 1200 mm Hg,
what was the final pressure of the gas?

Given:
T1 = 27C 27 + 273 = 300 K
T2 = 77C 77 + 273 = 350 K
P1 = 1200 mm Hg
P2 = ?
Solution:
P1 P2
T1 T2

P1T2
P2 =
T1

(1200 mm Hg)(350 K)
P2 =
(300 K)

P2 = 1400 mm Hg
2.) 5.00 L of a gas is collected at 100 K and then allowed to expand to 20.0 L.
What must the new temperature be in order to maintain the same pressure?
Given:
V1 = 5.00 L
T1 = 100 K
V2 = 20.0 L
T2 = ?
Solution:
V1 V2
T1 T2


V2T1
T2 =
V1

(20.0 L)(100 K)
T2 =
(5.0 L)

T2 = 400 K
3.) A gas sample occupies a volume of 2.5 L at 10C and 0.95 atm. What is its
volume at 25C and 0.75 atm?
Given:
V1 = 2.5 L
T1 = 10C 10 + 273 = 283 K
P1 = 0.95 atm
T2 = 25C 25 + 273 = 293 K
P2 = 0.75 atm
V2 = ?
Solution:
P1V1 P2V2
T1 T2

P1V1T2
V2 =
P2T1

(0.95 atm)(2.5 L)(293 K)
V2 =
(0.75 atm)(283 K)

V2 = 3.3 L
Problems:
1.) A sample of sulfur dioxide occupies a volume of 652 mL at 40C and
720 mm Hg. What volume will the sulfur dioxide occupy at STP?
Ans. 540 ml SO2
Solution:








2.) The initial temperature of a 1.00 liter sample of argon is 20C. The pressure
is decreased from 720 mm Hg to 360 mm Hg and the volume increases to
2.14 liters. What was the change in temperature of the argon?
Ans. 313 K or 40C
Solution:







3.) 322 L of hydrogen occupies a volume of 197 L at STP. What was the initial
pressure exerted on the hydrogen? Ans. 0.69 atm
Solution: