Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 41-44 (1992) 1973-1983

Elsevier
1973
A e r o d y n a m i c d a m p i n g e f f e c t s o f t a l l b u i l d i n g f o r a v o r t e x i n d u c e d
v i b r a t i o n .
H i d e t o s h i H a y a s h i d a a, Y o s h i h i r o M a t a k i a , a n d Y o s h i t e r u I w a s a a
a T e c h n i c a l R e s e a r c h L a b o r a t o r y o f T a k e n a k a C o r p o r a t i o n 2 - 5 - 1 4 , M i n a m i s u n a ,
K o t o - k u , T o k y o 1 3 6 , J A P A N
Abs t r a c t
The influences which are induced upon the wind-induced response of the plane
shape of a super high-rise building with an assumed height of 600m, as well as
the dylmmic effects of the vibration were studied. For this study, results obtained
from the measurements of the wind force using a force balance, the response
using a dynamic motion model, and the wind pressure of the face were used.
From the result obtained from the response analysis made through the use of
the measured result of the aerodynamic force and the result gained from the
measurement of the response using the dynamic model, the change of the
response, caused by a difference in the shape of a building and by the dynamic
effect, have been clarified. Furthermore, as for the square shape which is a
representative plane, the change of the pressure properties induced by the
vibration of the building has been indicated.
1. I NTRODUCTI ON
R e c e n t l y i n J a p a n a n u m b e r o f s u p e r h i g h - r i s e b u i l d i n g s e i t h e r h a v e b e e n
c o m p l e t e d o r a r e u n d e r c o n t e m p l a t i o n . I n s u p e r h i g h - r i s e b u i l d i n g s o f t h i s t y p e ,
t h e effects o f w i n d - i n d u c e d v i b r a t i o n s p l a y a n i m p o r t a n t r o l e i n t h e habitability,
a s w e l l a s t h e s t r u c t u r a l d e s i g n o f t h e b u i l d i n g . I n p a r t i c u l a r , t h e v i b r a t i o n
c a u s e d b y t h e v o r t e x i n a n a c r o s s - w i n d d i r e c t i o n is g r e a t l y i n f l u e n c e d b y t h e
a e r o d y n a m i c c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e b u i l d i n g ' s s h a p e . T h e r e f o r e , a t t h e d e s i g n
s t a g e o f a s u p e r h i g h - r i s e b u i l d i n g , a n a p p r o p r i a t e s h a p e n e e d s to b e s e l e c t e d
f r o m t h e p o i n t o f v i e w o f a e r o d y n a m i c s .
I n r e g a r d t o t h e v a r i o u s s h a p e s o f t h e b u i l d i n g s a n d t h e i r a e r o d y n a m i c
characteristics, m a n y s t u d i e s h a v e b e e n c a r r i e d o u t i n t h e past1),2),3),4). T h e
a u t h o r s h a v e i n v e s t i g a t e d t h e a e r o d y n a m i c characteristics o f a s u p e r h i g h - r i s e
b u i l d i n g w i t h a n a s s u m e d h e i g h t o f 6 0 0 m , w h i c h m a y v a r y a c c o r d i n g to t h e
difference o f t h e p l a n e s h a p e . T h e a f o r e m e n t i o n e d i n v e s t i g a t i o n h a s b e e n c a r r i e d
o u t t h r o u g h t h e m e a s u r e m e n t o f t h e w i n d f o r c e a n d t h r o u g h t h e e s t i m a t i o n o f t h e
response by the use of a rigid model fixed on the force balance 5).
This paper reports on the dynamic effects which are exerted upon the response
by a dynamic test using a linear mode single degree of freedom model.
Furthermore, the measurement of the wind pressure during vibration was made
0167-6105/92/$05.00 1992 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. All rights reserved.
1974
t h r o u g h t h e u s e of a s q u a r e m o d e l a t t h e s a m e t i m e t h a t t h e d i s p l a c e m e n t
r e s p o n s e w a s m e a s u r e d . R ~ n e basic characteristics o f t h e w i n d pressure, w h i c h
w a s m e a s u r e d , are also r e p o r t e d o n in this paper.
2. OUTLI NE OF THE TES T
2. 1. Mo d e l s Us e d For The Te s t
An assumed building with a height of 600m (150 levels) and a reference floor
area of 6,400m 2 was employed for this test. Four types of models each of which
has different shape, made on the basis of the aforementioned dimensions, were
used. Each model was made on a scale of I to 1000 due to the dynamic similarity
conditions.
Fig. 2-1 shows the plane shape. Table 2-1 shows the constants of the building
and the similarity conditions for the dynamic test.
Type A Type B Type C Type D
Fig. 2-1 P l a n s h a p e s o f w i n d t u n n e l m o d e l s
T a b l e 2-1 Structural p a r a m e t e r s a n d scale factors
Iloi gh t
Standard floor area
Total weight
Rotatory mass moment
of iJ,ertla
Ist n u d e mataral
period
Damping factor
~'ind velocity range, .
Full scale
llf=6OOm
Af=6400n~
Wf=480. 000tea
I f=5.88E+12kg, nf
'i'f=lO. Ssec
hf=l%
Vf=lT. 7"~ll5m/s
Model scale
lira=0.6m
r ~
Am=O, 00064nf
r
[m=5.88E-O3kg.r~
"['m=0.083sec
hm=l%
Vm=2.23"-14,5m/s
Scale factor
llf:llm=IE+03:l
Af:Am=l]!+06:l
[ f ' l m = [ ] ~ + [ 5 : l
Tf:'r~=126:l
hf:hm=l:l
vf:vm=l:7.94
2.2. Condi t i on Foe The Ai r Fl ow
As a condition for the air flow which is similar to t hat of urban wind, a
turbulent boundary layer with an exponent of 0.25 was used. Thickness of the
boundary layer is approximately 600-700ram with nearly the same height as t hat
of the model. The turbulence intensity at the model height(600 null) is approxi-
mately 3-4%. Fig. 2-2 shows the vertical profiles of the mean wind velocity and
the turbulent intensity. The power spectrum of the approaching flow at the
height of 600ram in an along-wind direction is also indicated in Fig. 2-3.
1 9 7 5
" " 1
E
E
" : 1000
0
o
r ,
C
100
(9
Q)
3 : 1 0
Turbul ence Intensity (~)
0 Turbulence
t
s Mean Wind
o
" 4
. . . . . . . , = , ,
5 10 20 40
Mean Wind Velocity (m/s)
Fig 2-2 Profiles of mean wind
and turbulence intensity
10 e CR 238J2 HIND
,.~ 19 "t
E
14-
~ b
, . 10 ~ .
18-] . . . . . . . . . . .
11
/
J . . . . H . * * | * ,
TD/U
Fig. 2-3 Longitudinal velocity
spectrum of approach flow
2.3 Me t ho d For The Te s t
The closed return type boundary layer wind tunnel (Dimensions of the test
section: HxWxLfl.tmx2.0mxl6m), which is installed at the Technical Research
Laboratory of the Takenaka Corporation, was used in this test.
(a) Measurement of the Wind Force.
The wind force which acts on the rigid models was measured through the use
of a 6 component force balance. The resonance component of the vibration system
which is composed of the model and the force balance was removed through the
correction. The estimation of the response was made through the analysis of the
frequency region using the wind force obtained from the measurement. When the
analysis was made, the aerodynamic damping was not taken into consideration.
Fig. 2-4 shows the outline of the measuring system.
(b) Measurement of the Displacement.
A same type of model as used for the measurement of the wind force was
mounted on a gimbal support. The measurement of the displacement response
was carried out through substituting this model for the liner mode single degree
of freedom model. The displacement was measured through the use of a laser
displacement meter. A viscous damper were employed for the damping. Fig. 2-5
shows the outline of the measuring system.
(c) Measurement of the Wind Pressure
The measurement of the wind pressure during vibration was made through the
use of a square model at the same time t hat the response displacement was
measured. The number of measuring points was 25(SpointsxSlevels) on each face.
The spatial average for the wind pressure obtained at the five points in a
horizontal direction in each level was measured through the use of manifolds.
Correction was made at the frequency region in order that the deformation of
the wave form induced by the tube system would become fiat within approxi-
mately 200Hz. Fig. 2-6 shows the measuring points for the wind pressure as well
the outline for the measuring instrument.
1976
ANEMOMETER !
1
TURN TABLE
r " v / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / A - - ] ] ] - - - p ' / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / A
, ~ ~ , ~ ~ VI NYL SHEET
i
- - ~ LOAD CELL
/
! " - ]
Fig. 2-4 Measuring system
for wind load
Level 1 o I-.--.~
, 8 0 m m ~
T
i
Level 2 F
I
Level 3
!
Level 4 1
L~vv' 5 .
I
I
I
ANEMOMETER .
TURN TABLE
i ~ / / ~ / / / / / / / / / / / f f / A ~ i : . ' Y / / ~ : , ' : , ' : . - ' / / / / ~ : , ~ Y / / / J
a , M B A L
I I I '! I I I SUPPORT
LASER
F
t ,,, , I
DISPLACEMENT~ I 1 1 I l i l I J . . l ~ S P R I N G
MET ER ~ ~ i ~ # b l ' ~ " I
I i I
Fig. 2-5 Measuring syst em
for vibration
W a l l s u d a c e
Ptoasuro
IramBdus0r
Tapping locations Tube syotem
Fig. 2-6 Measuring syst em for wind pressure
3. RESULTS OF THE TEST
3.1. Wi nd For c e
Fig. 3-1 shows the spectra of the drag and lift forces i n each t est case. The
spectra of the drag forces show the same tendency wi t hout regard to wi nd
direction and model shape. On the other hand, the behavior of the spectra of the
lift forces varies according to the shape of the model. As for the shape, except for
t hat employed for t est case 2, a spectral peak, which i s caused by the vortex, c a ,
be seen depending on the wind direction.
1977
T h e S t r o u h a l n u m b e r w h i c h o c c u r s d u r i n g t h e vortex, is a s f o l l o w s w h e n it is
identified w i t h t h e w i n d v e l o c i t y a t t h e h e i g h t o f t h e e a v e s a n d w h e n t h e
r e p r e s e n t a t i v e w i d t h is 8 0 r a m . S q u a r e : S = 0 . 0 9 , Triangle: S = 0 . 0 7 , Circle: S = 0 . 1 2
18 e
~ r "
IB "I
18 i
- \
r ; |
- ' - ' - - ; 2
r i . . . . . ;J, . . . . . . i ~ ....
fi)/U
i
I
z/
i m
fO/U fD/U
(a) Drag force
" 18s~ r ~
= # , f #
/ | .....
* 1
1 8 - o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I | 1
/
fD/U
/,
p _
III
. . . . L . . . . .
I i I
/
fD/U
fD/U fD/U fD/U
(b) Lift force
Fig. 3-1 Power spectra of the drag and lift
forces under two typical wind directions
8.9. D i s p l a c e me n t r e s p o n s e
Fig. 3-2 shows the relationship between the RMS tip displacements of t he
dynamic models (non-dimension at the t' epresentative width D=8cm), measured
both in an along-wind direction and in an across-wind direction, and the reduced
wind velocity. Fig. 3-3 explains the difference between t he analytical resul t
obtained from the wind force indicated in the previous chapter and the result of
the dynamic vibration test, carried out through the employment of the response
ratio (dynamic model/balance model). It can be seen t hat the increase of the
response to the wind velocity is sharper in an across-wind direction t han in an
along-wind direction. This tendency is seen conspicvously for the square and
circle plane shapes which distinctly induce vortexes. As for the circular plane
section, in particular, a resonance state of the vortex and t he building in the
vicinity of reduced wind velocity 8 occurs, and a peak is produced in t he
response, b: this case, the same type of peak t hat is seen in an across-wind
direction ca,: ~. recognized in the response in an along-wind direction as well.
Under the resonance state, the response of the dynamic model is approximately 3
times t hat of the balance model in an along-wind direction and approximately 1.8
times in an across-wind direction. In this resonance sta~e, dynamic effects to
1978
i ncreas e t he res pons es can be found. Except i n t he res onance st at e of t he
circular section, the val ue for the response of the dynami cmodel , whi ch vi brat es
i n an across-wind direction, i s general l y l ower t han t hat of t he bal ance model .
The response ratio i s l es s t han 1. Furthermore, i n t he case of a vi brati on i n an
along-wind direction, t he response ratio i s seen wi thi n t he area of approxi matel y
one.
l [ - Bl IE-81
Type A: [ ]
Type B: +
Type C:,~
- Type D:O - -
I 1 _ ,
rn
1-82
c)
O r} i ( - e 3
c[:
I ( - g4
1[-95
3 4 5
i
a 7 e 91e U/ f / D
1(-02
o
1 (-9 )
o :
! ( - 0 4
I(-9 S i
= | |
: Type A : n
Type B:-I-
Type C:,d
: Typ i D:O I ~
, Q
4 5
I ) [ ] :
s ~, e she U / f / D
(a) Along-wind response (b) Across-wind response
Fig. 3-2 RMS tip di spl acement s of dynamic model
"~ , I , S * ~
2, 5
! y p e A : a 3 ~ c
/ y p e B : + ~"
Type C:,Q z.e
Type D:O
1 1 ~ i . t
O
4 ~ '
. |
e . % ) 4 s t ~ e 91e U / I / D e,~
(a) Along-wind response
A f : R e s p o n s e d e r i v e d f r o m t h e f o r c e s p e c t r u m
A d : R e s p o n s e o f d y n a m i c mo d e l
3 ~ s s ~ e s l e U / f / D
(b) Across-wind response
Fig. 3-3 Compari son of the RMS tip di spl aceme, l t obtai ned from
wi nd force and dynami c vibration t es t
Fig. 3-4 shows the spectra of the di spl acement of t he square secti on duri ng
each wi nd velocity as a represent at i ve exampl e. In t he spect rum i n an al ong-
wi nd direction, the natural period component of the vi brati on i s predomin~.nt and
t he l ow f requency component i s added s ome what to t he nat ural peri od
1979
component. In the spectrum of an across-wind direction, with t he increase of t he
wind velocity, the forced vibration component caused by t he vortex approaches
the nat ural frequency of t he model and finally a resonance st at e occurs.
0'80 ' ~ ~ " ' ' ~ IO 15
U/ D/ f
(a) A l o n g - w i n d
~
1 . 0 0. 4
5 IO 15
U/ O/ f
(b) Across-wind
Fig. 3-4 Power spectra of the along and across-wind displacement
3.3. Wi nd Pres s ure
Fig. 3-6 shows t he mean and RMS wind pressure coefficients of the side face
obtained from t he pressure which were measured through t he use of the model
vi brat i ng i n t he air flow. At t he same time, t he wind pr essur e coefficients
obtained when t he model was fixed, are also shown for comparison in Fig.3-6.
The wind pressure coefficients obtained when the model was fixed, show constant
values wi t hout regard to wind velocity. However, when the model vibrates, the
mean wind pressure coefficients decrease under a low wind velocity and the RMS
wind pressure coefficients begins to decrease from the vicinity of the area at
which t he wind velocity exceeds the resonance wind velocity.
_ 0 o o oooo
e . 5 I
" f f i " Level 1:0 RM$
Level 3 : [ 3 i
Level 4 : a
L e v e l 5 : A
0 O ~ . . . . ' . . . . '
5 I ~ 15
U / l I D
Fig. 3-5 Wind pressure coefficients
on the side face (vibrate)
i . i l
~ MEAN
0 0 iS o , o q
k 4
,.~0.5
" - - L e v e l 1:
..v., W u
Level I ~
Level 51 A
B . I ] B , , , ~ L - ~ ~ , ~ - . J
5 18 15
U / ~ / D
Fig. 3-6 Wind pressure coeffieients
on the side face (fixed)
Fig. 3-7 shows the power spectra of the fluctuating pressure of the side face
during t he vibration. The power spectra obtained when t he model was fixed, are
also shown for comparison purposes in Fig.3-8. The spect ral shape at t he
measuri ng point which is placed at the highest level is slightly disordered due to
1980
its position at the top. Eventually, a distinct p e a k w h i c h is i n d u c e d b y t h e vortex
c a n b e s e e n at e a c h m e a s u r i n g point. W i t h a c h a n g e o f t h e w i n d velocity, t h e
s h a p e o f the spectral p e a k varies. I n t h e a r e a f r o m the l o w w i n d velocity to t h e
r e s o n a n c e w i n d velocity, t h e p e a k l o w e r s o n c e w i t h t h e increase of t h e w i n d
velocity a n d t h e n it b e c o m e s l a r g e a g a i n w h e n the w i n d velocity r e a c h e s t h e
r e s o n a n c e w i n d velocity. A f t e r t h a t , w h e n t h e w i n d v e l o c i t y r e a c h e s t h e
r e s o n a n c e p h e n o m e n o n a n d the period of t h e vortex is fixed, t h e p e a k b e c o m e s
l o w e r a g a i n . T h e c h a n g e o f t h e s p e c t r a l p e a k in t h e a r e a of l e s s t h a n t h e
r e s o n a n c e w i n d velocity w a s c o n f i r m e d in a t e s t c a r r i e d o u t u s i n g t h e m o d e l
w h i c h d o e s n o t vibrate. H o w e v e r , the p h e n o m e n o n of t h e c h a n g e o f t h e s h a p e in
t h e a r e a of the r e s o n a n c e velocity or m o r e , c a n b e s e e n o n l y in the test u s i n g the
m o d e l w h i c h vibrates. T h i s c a n b e considered to b e a special p h e n o m e n o n u n d e r
t h e state in w h i c h t h e w i n d velocity r e a c h e s the rock-in state f r o m t h e r e s o n a n c e
phenomenon.
"~ (a) Level-1
~
0. 5 0.4 .
{ . D /
0 5 tO 15
U/ D/ f
"e I (b) Level-2
5 10 15
U/ D/ /
""I (c) Level-3
o,~ o ~ .
o,o _ . d _ . ~ ~
S I 0 15
Ud } / f
" l (d) Level-4
U~])/I
" I ( e ) Level-5
~ 0,51,- 0,46., .
u ) (% / '
0, 0 . . . . .
0 5 10 I $
U/D~'f
Fig, 3-7 Power spectra of
the wi nd pressure (vibrate)
" I (a) Level-1
0 ~ 0 L e ~ - - L - - A - - L . L t-- , , , , * . ' J | . . I
0 5 18 15
U, ' g l f
t'e I (b) Level-2
~
O. S ' 0, 4
o, 0 5 I 0 IS
U/D~f
" I (c) Level-3
! I),lJ 0, 4
e 6 _ ~ L ~ J - J - L - L . - v - " " ~ s v . ,f;' -.,s' ,,Cp~. !
o
5 IO IS
U~O/f
" I (d) Level-4
O,Bt,~;~-~z...-L~j - L - - L - - L ~ L ' - - , " ; " t " , " ~ ,
,~ tO I$
U 4 ~ f
"" (e) Level.5
o , o 5 tO 15
Fig. 3-8 Power spectra of
t he wi nd pres s ure (fixed)
1981
Fig 3-9 indicates Strouhal number on the side face during periods of vibration
in an across-wind direction, which was obtained from the peak frequency of the
spectrum. The white symbol in the figure indicates the value for Strouhal
number at each measuring point, and the black circle shows Strouhal number for
the entire lift force which was obtained from the integration of the pressure wave
form at each measuring point. Due to the fact that the wind velocity at the upper
levels is different from that at the lower levels in the boundary layer flow, there
is a difference in Strouhal number between the upper levels and the lower levels.
When the wind velocity exceeds the resonance wind velocity, the value for
Strouhal number decreases with the increase of the wind velocity. This is caused
by the fact that the period of the vortex is fixed by the buildings frequency. It is
seen t hat Strouhal number for the entire lift force tends to almost equal the
mean value obtained at each measuring point in the area in which the wind
velocity does not reach the resonance wind velocity. In the area where the wind
velocity exceeds the resonance wind velocity, Strouhal number tends to become
slightly smaller.
Fig 3-10 shows the cross spectrum between the representative measuring
points on the side face during periods of vibration Symbol V indicates the
location for the peak of the vortex. In the root coherence, the same peak caused
by the vortex that has been seen in the spectrum can be recognized.
Fig .3-11 and Fig.3-12 shows the value of the root coherence and the phase at
the peak frequency of the vortex on the side face. The correlation between the
vortex at the upper levels and that at the lower levels, which is indicated in the
value of the root coherence, gradually increases as the wind velocity reaches the
vicinity of the resonance wind velocity. The root coherence lowers when the wind
velocity reaches the rock-in state. A remarkable difference caused by the wind
velocity can not be found in the phase difference. It is clarified that the vortex
moves from the upper levels to ~ower levels with a constant phase difference. The
moving speed for the vortex, which was obtained from the phase difference, is
approximately three times th~ wind velocity at the height of the eaves.
6.16
9.89
&
6.68
6.97
- - Level 1: O
Level 2: O
Level 3: [ ]
Level 4: U
Level 5: A
! I !
6
L e v e l ~ ' ~ ' ~ 1 ' 0
Lo 7. _ _ . 1, o
" "
m g , ~
I I I I I I I ! I
5 18 15
U/f/D
Fig. 3-9 Strouhals number of wind pressure
1982
CR O?SJE 53-?-53-3
i . u - t e e r v , l , w ,
o . 7 5 [
- - t = 1 i
" : ' t / ' , - ' '
t . D / U .-'" Level 2
, I r , - . J ' ; " . . . " . f ' D . / U . LJ. .
e . e e . z ~ I ~ ~ t ~ , .'s - I i ~ , I'! . z : ' . ~ I . , / .4 . S L e v d 3 1 I
/ \ ~ X. / \ . o , u / " \ 1 r "- ."'1~ " l ' ] '
................ ' .......... l i
' ~ - ~ - : ' : - = . . 7 . . . 7 . = - . . . . . . .
" ~ ~ ~ q ~ " ~ - ~ ~-t ~ . : . , : = . : . . - ..
i
! !
' _1. _ O n f e~
~ ~ : ~ 0 ~ r.::: ... . . . . . . . " , . . " ..~-'.~
. I I - - - ~ _ - - - . c i - . . . . , . ."
\ - 1 ~ , ~ t ~ ~ / - \ - - / \ - I t - "--'-".~...=:..----'~...~;.-, _ , -
1 \ ; ~ , , F ~ ~ \ ; ~ r r . : . ' ; . ' , : - , , .~....' : ~ . < : . ' -
' a ~ . ~ ; - I - - - 1 " - ~ ~ ~"~1-1 ~ ' - - = - ' , ~ , ", , # ~ V
. . . . t- _ . - - ~" ' . ~.=- - - . ~ - - -
" r '- - - - - . . . . . . .
~ - : ~ _ ~ , . _ . . . . . . . . . _ . . ~ ? . ,
~ I - ,~ F - " ' " '
Fig. 3-10 Typical cross spectra on the side face(level 2-3)
I, 0 ...........................
0
(.)
[ , ]
0
8 tl,{,
L e v e l 2 . 1 : O
Lovol 2.3' , O
L e v e l 2 . 4 : 0
Lovol 2 - 6 : 0
o o a F l ~ 6 0 , , o ...........
t.J LI LI ~ "' (~'*
l a 0[ 1( I
U 0 0 O DO
U / f l D
Fig. 3-11 Value of the root coherence
at the peak frequency of the vortex
I [I[)
Level 2 - I : 0
Level 2 - 3 : O
Level 2 - 4 : 0
Level 2 - 5 : 0
| . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
t~
t l
O
[ I IJ t I
la
I:1
0 0 3 . . . . .
0 0 0 ~
|1 l i t ] I I I'1
~ o
0
DO
0
U / l I D
Fig. 3-12 Val ue of the phase at
the peak frequency of the vortex
From the result of the aforementioned measurement of the wind pressure, the
influence exerted upon the wind pressure by the building's vibration i s most
conspi cuous duri ng peri ods of vi brat i on i n an across*wi nd di recti on. In
particular, when the wind velocity exceeds the resonance wind velocity and the
frequency for t, he occurrence of the vortex i s fixed at the building's vibration, the
following phenomena can occur. Namel y, the spectral shape changes and the
degree of correlation between the vortex at the upper l evel s and that at the lower
levels decreases.
1983
4. CONCLUSION
From t he results obtained from the aforementioned t est and analysis, the
following have been clarified.
1. Except for the circular plane section, t he response value obtained from the
dynamic t est is small t han t hat gleaned from t he analysis made through the use
of the measured fluctuating external force. It can be considered t hat when t he
dynamic t est is conducted, aerodynamic damping acts on the response value.
2. The value obtained from the dynamic t est of the circular plane section
carried out under the resonance wind velocity was larger t han t he result of the
response analysis. The value was approximately 3 times larger in an along-wind
direction and in the across-wind direction i t was about 1.8 times the value
obtained from the response analysis.
3. It was confirmed through measurements of the fluctuating pressure of the
side face t hat the vortex moved from the upper levels down to the lower levels.
The moving speed of the vortex was approximately 3 times t he wind velocity of
the approaching flow.
4. The building' s vibration exerted a conspicuous influence upon the pressure
of the side face. At the same time, the following phenomena were observed: the
decrease of the fluctuating wind pressure coefficient, t he vari at i on of t he
spectral shape and the lowering of ~he degree of correlation.
In this t est and analysis, a change of the air force caused by the difference in
the shape of the building, as well as the dynamic effects exerted by the vibration
of the building have been investigated. There are still many problems left to be
solved, such as the influence of the wind turbulence i nt ensi t y, the three-
dimensional effects, and the influences of the vibration amplitude or the mode
shape. In part i cul ar, t he resul t obtained t hrough t he observation of t he
fl uct uat i ng pressure duri ng periods of vi brat i on has only been studied
qualitatively. In the future, through carrying out more detailed investigations,
the phenomena will be clarified and more quantitative evaluations will be made.
5. REFERENCES
1) Robertson, L. E. and Chen, P. W. "Application to design of research on wind
effects, "Proc. Int. Res. Seminar, Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures,
Ottawa, vo1.1,1967.
2) Shiraishi, N. et al. "On aerodynamic stability effects for bluffrectangular
cylinders by t hei r corners cut, " 9t h National Symposium on Wind
Engineering, Tokyo,1986.
3) Kwok, K. C. S. and Bailey, P.A. "Aerodynamic devices for tall buildings and
structures, "J. of Engineering Mechanics, vol.l13, No.3, March,1985.
4) P.A. Bla"ckmore, "A comparison of experimental methods for estimating
dynamic respom'~ ,ffbuilding," Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial
Aerodynamics, ] ~1985)197-212.
5) H. Hayashida and Y. Iwasa, '~Aerodynamic shape effects of Building for vortex
induced vibration," Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial
Aerodynamics, 33( 1990)237-242.