Pinnacle 320e-TVCenter en

PCTV Systems
TVCenter

/

PCTVSystemsTVCenter
UsersGuide
GB/USMarch2012
2012PCTVSystemsS.r.l.
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doesnotguaranteethattheprograms/systemswillfulfiltheusersintended
applications.
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i
Table Of Contents
TVCenterOverview............................................................................................1
TVCenterWizard ..................................................................................................2
Step1Start .....................................................................................................3
Step2PCTVDeviceConfiguration ..................................................................4
Step3ChannelScan........................................................................................5
Step4Done ....................................................................................................7
TVCenter ..............................................................................................................8
OpenTVCenter .................................................................................................9
TVCenterTheUserInterface........................................................................10
TheTopControlBarFunctions ....................................................................11
TheBottomControlBarFunctions ..............................................................12
ChangetheTVchannel ...................................................................................14
Timeshift(Pause/ResumeLiveTVPreview)..................................................16
UseTeletext ....................................................................................................18
Navigation ...................................................................................................19
UseEPG(ElectronicProgramGuide) ..............................................................20
TheminiEPG ...............................................................................................20
TheInternalEPGApplication.......................................................................22
ChangeAudioTrack ........................................................................................23
SelectSubtitles................................................................................................24
RecordaTVProgram......................................................................................25
InstantRecording............................................................................................25
Start/EndanInstantRecording .................................................................25
ChangetheRecordingSettings....................................................................25
OtherUsefulInformation............................................................................26
ScheduledRecording ......................................................................................27
ScheduleaRecording ..................................................................................27
DeleteaRecordingTask ..............................................................................35
EditaRecordingTask...................................................................................35
TVCenterGallery ................................................................................................36
OpentheTVCenterGallery.............................................................................37
PCTV Systems TVCenter
ii
TVCenterGalleryUserInterface .....................................................................38
PlayBackRecordings ......................................................................................40
ConvertTVRecordings....................................................................................41
TVCenterRadio ..................................................................................................42
OpenTVCenterRadio .....................................................................................43
TVCenterRadioUserInterface .......................................................................44
ChangingtheRadioStations ...........................................................................46
SetaPredefinedRadioStation .......................................................................48
ChangeAudioTrack ........................................................................................49
Timeshift(Pause/ResumeLiveRadio)...........................................................50
RecordaRadioProgram.................................................................................52
InstantRecording............................................................................................52
Start/EndanInstantRecording .................................................................52
ChangetheRecordingSettings....................................................................52
ScheduledRecording ......................................................................................54
ScheduleaRecording ..................................................................................55
DeleteaRecordingTask ..............................................................................58
EditaRecordingTask...................................................................................58
TVCenterSettings.............................................................................................59
TVCenterDistanTVmobile ...............................................................................63
Requirements ..............................................................................................63
SettheDistanTVmobileServer...................................................................65
AccessTVCenterusingyourclientdevice ...................................................67
WatchTVonyourclientdevice...................................................................69
ChangeTVViewingSettingsonyourclient .................................................70
ScheduleRecordingsonyourclient ............................................................71
EditaScheduledRecordingTaskonyourclient ..........................................72
DeleteaScheduledRecordingTaskonyourclient......................................72
Playbackrecordingsonyourclient.............................................................73
OnlineSupport ...................................................................................................74
TVCenterOperatingShortcuts .........................................................................75
Table Of Contents
iii
LegalInformation...............................................................................................80
PCTVSystemsGPLandLGPLCodeStatement ................................................81
PCTVSystemsEndUserLicenseAgreement...................................................82
GNULesserGeneralPublicLicense...............................................................85
GNUGeneralPublicLicense..........................................................................96
Glossary............................................................................................................104

1
TVCenter - Overview
WiththenewTVCenteryoucanwatch,dependingonyourPCTVdevice,digital
andanalogTVonyourPCmonitor.YourTVviewingfunhasbeenenhanced
withnumerousadditionalfunctions.Thankstoinstantorscheduledrecordings
toyourharddiskandthetimeshiftfunction,youcanwatchTVflexibly.This
wayyouwillnotmissaminuteofyourfavoriteTVshows.Quicktoopen
Teletextprovidesyouwiththelatestnewsanytimeyouwant.TheElectronic
ProgramGuide(EPG)alsoguaranteesyouanoverviewoftheTVscheduleas
wellasquickanduncomplicatedrecordingprogramming.
Youalsohavetheoption,dependingonyourPCTVdevice,tolistentoDVB
radioorFMradioanytimeyouwant.Byofferingyouthepossibilitytotimeshift
ortoinstantlyrecordaprogram,youwillnotmissaminuteofyourfavorite
radioshow.
AllrecordedTV/radioprogramsandtakensnapshotscanbefoundinthe
TVCenterGallery.Oneclickonthethumbnailofthedesiredfileanditwillbe
playedback.IntheTVCenterGallery,abackgroundtranscodingenginewas
integrated.ThisallowsyoutoconverttheTVprogramsrecordedinnativevideo
formatintovariousdifferentformatslikeDivXoriPodformats.
ThedifferentTVCenterapplicationsmaketheusageofthesoftwareevenmore
flexible.Youcansimultaneously,forexamplelistentoradioandusethe
TVCenterGallerytoconvertarecordingintoadifferentformat.
ThefollowingTVCenterapplicationsareavailable:
TVCenterthischapteroffersyouanoverviewoftheTVwatching
application
TVCenterGalleryinthischapteryouwillfindouthowtoplaybackand/or
convertrecordings
TVCenterRadiothischapteroffersyouanoverviewoftheradiolistening
application
TVCenterSettingsinthischapteryouwillfindanoverviewofallavailable
settingsoption
TVCenterWizardinthischapteryouwillfindouthowtoconfigureyour
PCTVdeviceandrunachannelscan
Afterinstallation,youcanaccessanyofthesestandaloneapplicationsvia
WindowsStartmenu:Start>Programs>PCTVSystems.

2
TVCenter Wizard
TheTVCenterWizardisthesoftwarecomponentthathelpsyoutoeasily
configureallnecessarysettingsforanoptimumTVexperience.
TheTVCenterWizard
opensautomaticallyafterTVCenterhasbeeninstalledandhelpsyouto
configureyourPCTVdeviceandrunthefirstchannelscan
canbeopenedanytimeviatheWindowsStartmenu
Start>ProgramFiles>PCTVSystems>TVCenterWizardtoconfigure
anewPCTVdeviceorrunachannelscan
PleasenotethatonlyacorrectconfigurationofyourPCTVdeviceand
anaccuratechannelscanguaranteeanoptimumTVexperience.
SimplycompletethefourstepsoftheTVCenterWizardandthenenjoyTVon
yourPC.
TVCenter Wizard
3
Step 1 - Start
Inthisstep,youcan:
selecttheLanguageofthesoftware
selectthecountrywhereyouarein.
PleaseusetheLocationdropdownmenu.
Onlybychoosingthecorrectlocation,thechannelscanwillbeaccurate.
ClickontheNextbuttontogotothenextstep


4
Step 2 - PCTV Device Configuration

TheTVCenterWizardautomaticallyrecognizesthePCTVdevice(s)connected
toyourcomputerandletsyouconfigureit(them).
1. ConfiguretheTVsignalsourceofthedisplayedPCTVdevicebyselecting
fromtheInputsectiontherespectiveoption.
DependingonyourPCTVdevice,theInputcanbeaTVAntennaoraSAT
Antenna.
Followingdevicedependentoptionsareavailableinthedropdownmenu:
NoAntenna
AntennatheTVsignalreceivedfromthedeliveredrodantennaor
yourrooftopantenna
CabletheTVsignalreceivedfromyourcableprovider
PresetSATAntennadependingonyourlocationtheTVsignalofa
presetsatellite.Thissettingwillmostlikelymatchthesatellitethat
distributestheTVchannelsreceivedatthechosenlocation
AerialSystemallsignalsourcesconnectedtoyourPCTVdevice(s).
Choosingthisoptionguaranteesthatallavailablesignalsourceswillbe
listedforthechannelscan
TVCenter Wizard
5
Ifavailable,enabletheAntennaAmplifier.Thisoptionmightbehelpfulif
thesignalstrengthinyourregionisratherpoor.
IfyourPCTVdeviceisequippedwithamultituner(e.g.Input1of2),
clickingontheNextbuttonwillallowyoutoconfiguretheotherTVtuners
aswell.
2. WhentheconfigurationofthedisplayedPCTVdeviceiscompletedclickon
theNextbuttontogotothenextstep.
IfonyoursystemdifferentPCTVdevicesareinstalled(e.g.Device1of2)
clickingontheNextbuttonwillleadyouthroughtheconfigurationofthe
otherdevice.
Step 3 - Channel Scan

Beforeyoustartthechannelscan:
youshouldcheckthatyouhavechosenthecorrectcountryfromthe
Locationdropdownmenu.
youcanseetheTVtuner(signalsource)youwillrunachannelscanfor.
6
youcanchangethescanmethodtoimprovetheresultofthechannelscan.
ClickontheAdvancedOptionsbuttonandfromtheScanmodedropdown
menuselectthedesiredoption.
Followingoptionsareavailable:Quick,NormalandBestQuality.
Notethatthedurationofthechannelscandependsontheselectedscan
methodandthenumberofsignalsourcesthathavetobescanned.
ClicktheStartScanbuttontostartthechannelscan.
Theprogressbarshowshowthechannelscanisprogressing.
Ifavailable,clickontheInformation

buttontoseetheTVchannelsalready
foundandtheirdetectedsignalquality.
TVCenter Wizard
7
Step 4 - Done
YousuccessfullyconfiguratedyourPCTVdeviceandranthefirstchannelscan.
BeforeclosingtheWizardselect:
whethertheReadmefileshallbeopened
whethertheTVCenterapplicationshallbelaunched

8
TVCenter
TheTVCenteristhecoreapplicationofPCTVSystems'TVCentersoftwareandis
designedforTVviewing.
Inthefollowingchapters,thetopicslistedbelowwillbedescribedindetail.
OpenTVCenter
TheTVCenterUserInterface
Changethechannel
Timeshift
UseTeletext
UseEPG
Recordaprogram
Changetheaudiotrack
Changethesubtitles
TVCenter
9
Open TVCenter
ThereareseveralwaystostartTVCenter:
1. DoubleclicktheTVCentericononthedesktop.
2. ClicktheTVCentericoninthequicklaunchbar.
PleasenotethatunderWindowsXPandWindowsVistashortcutsonthe
desktopandinthequicklaunchbarareoptional.
3. GototheWindowsStartmenu:
Start>Programs>PCTVSystems>TVCenter.
4. WhileusinganotherTVCenterapplication(Radio,SettingsorGallery)open
theMasterControlmenubyhoveringoverthe

buttoninthetopcontrol
barandthenclickontheShowTV

button.
5. WhileusinganotherTVCenterapplication(Radio,SettingsorGallery)hit
theF5keyofyourkeyboard.
Theapplicationisnowstartedandthechannelyouwerelastwatchingis
displayed.
Note:whenyouopenTVCenterforthefirsttime,thefirstchannel,whichwas
foundduringthechannelscan,isdisplayed.

10
TVCenter The User Interface
Intheimagebelowyoucanseehowtheuserinterfacelookslikeandgetan
overviewoftheavailablefunctions.
NotethattheaspectratiooftheTVCenterwindowissetbydefaultto
automatic.YoucanchangethissettingintheTVCenterSettingsapplication
underTVwatching>Display>WindowAspectRatio
Further,youwillfindadetaileddescriptionofthemostimportantfunctions.
TVCenter
11
The Top Control Bar Functions

AveryimportantbuttonofthetopcontrolbaristheMasterControlmenu
button.Hoveringoverthe

buttonopenstheMasterControlmenu.
ThisishowtheMasterControlmenulookslikeandtheavailablefunctions:
Ifmultipletunersareavailable,theMasterControlmenucontainsmorethan
oneShowTV

button.

12
The Bottom Control Bar Functions
Thebottomcontrolbaroffersyouthepossibilitytochangechannels,pauseor
resumethepreview(timeshift),adjustthevolumeorstartrecording.If
available,youcanalsoselectsubtitlesorswapovertheaudiotrack.
Thebottomcontrolbarishiddenautomaticallyafterafewseconds.Todisplay
thecontrolbaragain,movethemouseovertheTVCenterwindow.
IntheTVCenterSettingsapplicationunder:TVwatching>Display>Controller
DisplayTimeyoucansethowlongthebottomcontrolbarisdisplayed
Pleasenotethatthebottomcontrolbarcontainsseveraltogglebuttons.
Atogglebuttonhastwoormoredifferentfunctionsandyoucanswitch
betweenthembyclickingonthebutton.
Onthenextpageyouwillfindalltogglebuttonsandtheirfunctions:
TVCenter
13
1
st
clickdisplays,ifavailable,thetitleoftheshowrunningnow
andthetitleofthenextshow(near)
2
nd
clickdisplaysadetaileddescriptionoftherunningshow(if
available)
3
rd
clickdisplaysadetaileddescriptionofthenextshow(if
available)
4
th
clicktheminiEPGdataarebeinghidden
1
st
clickstartstorecordingtheprogramyouarewatching
2
nd
clickopenstheRecordingTaskswindowandoffersyouthe
possibilitytoeditthesettingsoftherunningrecording
1
st
clickpausestheTVviewingandstartsthetimeshiftmode.
Notethattheappearanceofthebuttonchangesto

2
nd
clickresumesTVviewing
HoveringoverthebuttonopenstheAdjustVolumebar.
1
st
clickmutesthevolume
2
nd
clickunmutesthevolume
1
st
clickopensalistwithallavailableaudiotracks
2
nd
clickselectfromthelistthedesiredaudiotrack
NotethatnoteveryTVchanneloffersmultipleaudiotracks.
1
st
clickopensalistwithallavailablesubtitles
2
nd
clickselectfromthelistthedesiredsubtitle
NotethatnoteveryTVchannelofferssubtitles.

14
Change the TV channel
TherearevariouswaystochangetheTVchannels.Youcanfindthemallinthe
bottomcontrolbar.
Previous/NextChannel
ClickonthePreviousChannel

NextChannelbutton,toswitchtothe
nextorpreviouschannelinthechannellist.
SwitchtolastChannel
ClicktheSwitchtolastChannel

buttontoswitchtothelastchannelyou
werewatchingformorethan10seconds.
SelectChannel
TochangetheTVchannelproceedasfollows:
1.ClickontheSelectChannel

button.TheChannelSelect
Windowopens.
TVCenter
15
2.SorttheTVChannellistusingoneoftheavailablesortingpossibilities:
a.

fromthisdropdownmenuselecttoseeallTV
channelsorjusttheTVchannelsassociatedtooneofyourfavorite
channellists.
b.

fromthisdropdownmenuselecttosortthechannellistby
channelnumberorchannelname.
c.

clickonthisbuttontosortthedisplayedchannelsinthelisteither
ascendingordescending.
d.AlternativelyyoucanusetheQuickSearchfieldtosearchforchannels.
Inthechannellist,onlythechannelsmatchingyoursearchcriteriawill
bedisplayed.
3.Clickononechannelinthelisttoswitchtoitsprogram.
PleasenotethatwhilewatchingTVthebottomcontrolbarishidden
automaticallyafterafewseconds.Todisplaythecontrolbaragain,movethe
mouseovertheTVCenterwindow.
16
Timeshift (Pause / Resume Live-TV Preview)
Timeshift,alsoknownastimedelayedtelevision,isafunctionthatallowsyou
topausetheTVprogramandplayitbackanytime.Duringthepausingtime,
theliveTVprogramistemporarybeingrecordedonyourcomputer.Thismeans
thatunexpectedinterruptionscannotcauseyoutomissasecondofthecurrent
TVshow.
PleasenotethatthetimeshiftfilesareonlytemporarystoredonyourPC.You
cannotsaveandusethesefiles.
Afterendingthetimeshiftmodeorchangingthechannel,thetimeshiftfilewill
beautomaticallydeleted.
ClickthePause/Resume

buttoninthebottomcontrolbartopausethelive
TVandstartthetimeshiftmode.
PleasenotethatwhilewatchingTVthebottomcontrolbarishidden
automaticallyafterafewseconds.Todisplaythecontrolbaragain,movethe
mouseovertheTVCenterwindow.
Duringtimeshiftmode,additionalcontrolsareavailableinthebottomcontrol
bar.
ClickthePause/ResumePreview

buttontostartplayingbackthetimeshift
file.
Ifyouclickthisbuttonduringplaybackofthetimeshiftfile,theplaybackwillbe
paused.Clickthebuttononceagaintoresumetheplayback.
TVCenter
17
TheTimeshifttimebarallowsyoutojumptoanypositionwithinthetimeshift
file.Todothischoseoneofthesepossibilities:
simplyclickwiththemouseonthetimebaratthedesiredposition
slidetheplaybackpositionindicatortothedesiredpositionwithinthefile.
YoucanswitchtotheliveTVprogramatanytimebypullingtheposition
indicatortotherighthandendofthebar.Inthiscase,theprogramcontinues
toberecordedinthetimeshiftfile.
Usethe

Jumpbackward/Jumpforward

buttonstojumpapredefined
timeintervalinthetimeshiftfile.Bydefault,thistimeintervalis10secondsfor
jumpingbackwardand1minuteforjumpingforward.Youcanchangeitinthe
TVCenterSettingsapplicationunderRecording>Timeshift>Skiptimes.
ClickingtheStopTimeshiftMode

buttonendsthetimeshiftmodeand
switchesbacktoliveTV.
PleasenotethatifyoudecidetoendtheTimeshiftmodeortochangetheTV
channelthetimeshiftfiletemporarilystoredonyourcomputerwillbe
automaticallydeleted.

18
Use Teletext
YouhavetwopossibilitiestoopentheTeletextwindow:
1. whileTVCenterisrunninghittheF6keyofyourkeyboard
2. opentheMasterControlmenuinthetopcontrolbarbyhoveringover
the

buttonandclickontheShowTeletext

button
AseparateTeletextwindowisopened.ThiswayyoucanwatchTVandsurfthe
Teletextatthesametime.
TVCenter
19
Navigation
ToopenaTeletextpage,justclickontherespective3digitnumberinthe
Teletextwindow.
Foraneasynavigation,theTeletextwindowcontainsalsonavigationbar.
IfyouwanttoopenaspecificTeletextpage,youcanenterthedesiredpage
numberinthePagefield.
Usetheprevious/nextpagebuttonstonavigate
Ifapagecontainssubpages,youcanopenoneofthemeitherby:
clickingonthedesiredsubpagebutton
enteringthedesiredsubpagenumberintheSubpagefield
Ifavailable,clickingontheContentbuttonopenstheContentpane.
UsethelinksintheContentpanetonavigate.
NotethatnoteveryTVchanneloffersTeletextcontent.

20
Use EPG (Electronic Program Guide)
TheElectronicProgramGuideisadigitalTVguidethatoffersyouinformation
aboutaTVprogram.
TherearetwotypesofEPG:
FreetoairEPG(miniEPG)istheprogramdatasentbytheTVchannelitself.
PleasekeepinmindthatnoteveryTVchannelsendsEPGdata.
InternalEPGapplicationoffersbesidestheprogramdataalsofunctions
whichallowaviewertonavigate,select,anddiscovercontentbytime,title,
channel,genre,etc.
The mini EPG

TheminiEPGisafunctionofTVCenterthatshowsyouthefreetoairEPGdata
sentbytheTVchannel.
Ifavailable,youcanseeinformationabouttherunningTVshowandthenext
TVshow.
NotethatthefreetoairEPGdatahastobeuptodatetobeabletousethe
miniEPG.FordetailedinformationreadthesectionUpdateEPGdataofthis
chapter.
ToseethefreetoairEPGdataclickontheminiEPG

buttoninthebottom
controlbar.
NotethattheminiEPGbuttonisatogglebuttonwithdifferentfunctions.Here
isanoverviewoftheavailablefunctions:
1
st
clickdisplays,ifavailable,thetitleoftherunningshowandthetitleof
thenextshow
TheamountofsecondstheminiEPGisdisplayedcanbesetinthe
TVCenterSettingsapplicationunder
TVwatching>Display>OSDDisplayTime
2
nd
clickdisplaysadetaileddescriptionoftherunningshow(ifavailable)
3
rd
clickdisplaysadetaileddescriptionofthenextshow(ifavailable)
4
th
clickhidestheminiEPGdata
IffreetoairEPGdataareavailable,youcanalsousethemintheRecording
Tasksdialogwhenschedulingarecording.Fordetailedinformationrefertothe
chapterManuallyScheduleaRecording.
TVCenter
21
Update EPG-data
WhilewatchingadigitalTVchannel,thefreetoairEPGdatawillbe
automaticallyupdated.
ToupdatethefreetoairEPGdataforacompletechannellist,followthese
steps:
OpentheTVCenterSettingsapplicationbyclickingtheShowSettings

buttonintheMasterControlmenu.
GotoProgramGuide.
IntheProgramguide(EPG)sectionclicktheUpdatenowbutton.
NotethatforupdatingtheEPGdataforacompletechannellistaTVtuneris
needed.
IfyourPCTVdeviceisequippedwithonlyonetuner,youcannotsimultaneously
watchTVandupdatetheEPGdata.
22
The Internal EPG Application
Thisapplicationisaninteractiveprogramguide,thatoffersyoudependingon
theTVchanneltheEPGdatainadvanceandletsyounavigateandfind
programslistedbytimeorchannel.
Inadditiontothat,youcanusetheapplicationtoeasilyschedulearecording.
Forfurtherdetailspleaserefertothechapter:ScheduleaRecordingUsingthe
TVCenterIntegratedEPGApplication.
Therearetwopossibilitiestoopentheapplication:
1. whileTVCenterisrunninghittheF8keyofyourkeyboard
2. Hoveroverthe

buttoninthetopcontrolbartoopentheMasterControl
menuandthenclicktheShowEPG

button.
ToupdatetheEPGdataclickontheUpdatenowbuttoninthelowerleft
corner.
TVCenter
23
Change Audio Track
Changingtheaudiotrackmeanstochangetheaudiolanguageortheaudio
formatoftheTVprogram.
PleasenotethatnoteveryTVchanneloffersmultipleaudiotracks.
Tochangetheaudiotrack,followthesesteps:
ClicktheSelectaudiotrack

inthebottomcontrolbar.
Amenuwiththeavailableaudiotracksisdisplayed.
Selectthedesiredaudiotrack.
Ifyouchangetheaudiolanguage,beforethechangesapplythefollowing
dialogopens:
IfyouselectYes,thechangewillaffectallTVchannelsthatoffertheaudio
track(language)youselected.
IfyouselectNo,thechangewillaffectonlytherunningTVchannel.
Ifyouchangetheaudioformat,thechangesapplyautomatically.

24
Select Subtitles
PleasenotethatnoteveryTVchannelofferssubtitles.
Toselectsubtitles,followthesesteps:
ClickontheSelectsubtitles

inthebottomcontrolbar.
Amenuwiththeavailablesubtitlesisdisplayed.
Selectthedesiredsubtitles.
Theselectedsubtitlesaredisplayed.
TVCenter
25
Record a TV Program
TVCenteroffersyoutworecordingoptions.
InstantRecordingrecordstheTVshowyouarewatchingatthemoment
ScheduledRecordingletsyouprogramarecording
Instant Recording
UsethisfunctionifyouwanttorecordthecurrentTVshow.
Start / End an Instant Recording

StartaninstantrecordingbyclickingtheRecord

button.
EndtherecordingbyclickingtheStopRecording

button.
PleasenotethatwhilewatchingTVthebottomcontrolbarautomatically
disappearsafterafewseconds.Tomakeitappearagain,movethemouseover
theTVCenterwindow.
Change the Recording Settings

Duringaninstantrecording,youhavethepossibilitytochangesomerecording
settings.Todosofollowthesesteps:
1. ClickagainontheRecord

button.
TheRecordingtaskdialogopens.
2. Youhavethepossibilitytoset:
eitherthedurationoftherecordingortheendtime.
thebehaviorofthePCaftercompletingtherecording.

26
3. Makethedesiredchanges.
4. ConfirmwithaclickontheOKbutton.
Therecordingtasksdialogcloses.
Other Useful Information

Therecordingisstoredinthefolderwhichyouspecifiedinthe
TVCenterSettingsapplicationunder:Recording>Directories>TVrecordings.
ThefilenameisgeneratedautomaticallyeitherfromtheEPGdata(ifavailable)
orfromthechannelnameandthedateandtime.
TVCenter
27
Scheduled Recording
ToprogramarecordingyoufirsthavetoopentheRecordingtaskswindow.
DooneofthefollowingtoopentheRecordingtaskwindow:
1. whileTVCenterisrunninghittheF11keyofyourkeyboard.
2. opentheMasterControlmenuinthetopcontrolbarbyhoveringoverthe
buttonandclickontheRecordingTasks

button.
3. rightclickinthepreviewwindowtoopenapplication'scontextmenu.From
thecontextmenu,selecttheRecordingTasksoption.
TheRecordingtaskswindowopensandallplannedoralreadymaderecordings
aredisplayed.
Schedule a Recording
Youhavetwooptionsforschedulingrecordings:eithermanuallyusingthe
RecordingTaskswindoworwiththehelpoftheEPGapplication.

28
Manually Schedule a Recording
IntheRecordingtaskswindowclickthebutton:New.
Thefollowingdialogopens:
1. Selectthechannelwhoseprogramyouwanttorecord.
Todoso:
clickontheChannelbutton
theChannelselectwindowopens
selectthedesiredchannel.
2. Scheduleyourrecording:(pleasejumptotheappropriateoption:
Asinglerecording;Brecurrencerecording)
A.SingleRecording
IntheStarttimesectionselectthedateoftherecordingfromthe
dropdownmenu.
InthetimefieldoftheStarttimesection,manuallyenterthestarting
timeoftheTVshow.
Iffreeprogramdataareavailable,thenameoftheprogramandthe
runningtimeareshownintheprogramdatasection.
TVCenter
29
ByclickingtheSetbuttonthestarttime,endtime,durationandthetitle
oftherecordingareautomaticallyadjusted.
IfprogramdataarenotavailablemanuallyentereithertheEndtimeof
therecordingandtheDurationwillautomaticallybeadjustedorvice
versa.
Pleasejumptostep3
30
B.RecurrenceRecording
opentheRecurrencesectiontoscheduletherecording.
IntheTimesection,clickintheStartfieldofthesectiontosetthetime.
Ifprogramdataareavailablethenameoftheprogramandtherunning
timeareshownintheprogramdatasection.
ByclickingtheSetbuttonthestarttime,endtime,durationandthetitle
oftherecordingareautomaticallyadjusted.
TVCenter
31
IfprogramdataarenotavailablemanuallyentereithertheEndtimeof
therecordingandtheDurationwillautomaticallybeadjustedorvice
versa.
FromtheRecurrencePatterndropdownmenuselectthedesiredoption
WeeklyselectthedaysoftheweekwhentheTVshowisbroadcasted
DailyselecthowoftentheTVshowrecurs.
IntheRangeofRecurrencesection,setthestartingandendingdateof
therecurrencerecording.
Fortheendingtimefollowingoptionsareavailable:
Noend
Bydate
Afteroccurrence
3. Thefilenameisautomaticallygeneratedfromtheprogramdata(if
available)orthechannelnameandthedateandtime.
Ifyouwishtorenamethefile,youcandothisintheTitlefield.
4. Youcansetpre/postrolltimesfortherecording.
Bydefaultthesetimesaresetto5minutes.Thismeanstherecordingwill
start5minutesbeforethestarttimeyousetandwillend5minutesafter
theendtimeyouset.
5. FurtheryoucanselectthebehaviourofyourPCaftercompletingthe
recording.
6. Afteryouentered,thedesireddataclicktheOKbuttontoconfirm.
32
7. IntheRecordingtaskswindowthenewscheduledrecordingwillbe
displayed.
TVCenter
33
Schedule a Recording Using the
TVCenter Integrated EPG-Application
TheintegratedEPGapplicationisthedefaultEPGviewerofTVCenter.
Toschedulearecordingfollowthesesteps:
ClickingontheShowEPG

buttonintheMasterControlmenu.
TheTVCenterintegratedEPGapplicationwillopen.
Doubleclickontheshowyouwanttorecord.
Apopupwindowwithdetailedinformationabouttheselectedshowopens.
ClickontheSchedulearecording
button.
34
Makethedesiredchanges.
ClickontheOKbuttontoconfirm.
TherecordingyouscheduledusingtheinternalEPGapplicationwillalsobe
displayedintheRecordingTaskswindow.
TVCenter
35
Delete a Recording Task
Ifascheduledrecordingisstillpendingandyoudecidenottorecordthe
programyoucandeletethetaskfromtheRecordingTaskswindow.
Todoso:
opentheRecordingtaskswindowasdescribedatthebeginningofthe
chapter.
selectthetaskyouwanttodelete.
clicktheDeletebutton.
Edit a Recording Task

Ifascheduledrecordingisstillpendingandyouwishtochangeoneofthe
recordingsettingsparameters,youcandothisfromtheRecordingTasks
window.
Todoso:
chapter.
selectthetaskyouwanttoedit.
clicktheEditbutton.
theRecordingtasksdialogopens.
makethechangesyoudesire.
confirmthechangesbyclickingtheOKbutton.

Therecordingisstoredinthefolder,whichyouspecifiedintheTVCenter
Settingsapplicationunder:Recording>Recordingdirectories>TVrecordings.

36
TVCenter Gallery
TheTVCenterGalleryisthefilemanagingapplicationoftheTVCenter
software.Hereyouwillfindallrecordedfiles(video,audioorimagefiles).You
canusetheTVCenterGallerytoorganizeandplaybackthesefiles.Besides
thisthebackgroundtranscodingengineoftheTVCenterGalleryallowsyouto
convertthevideofilesintovariousdifferentformats.
OpenTVCenterGallery
TheTVCenterGalleryUserInterface
PlayBackRecordings
ConvertRecordings
TVCenter Gallery
37
Open the TVCenter Gallery
ThereseveralwaystoopentheTVCenterGallery:
1. gototheWindowsStartmenu:
Start>Programs>PCTVSystems>TVCenterGallery.
2. WhileusinganotherTVCenterapplication(TV,RadioorSettings)openthe
MasterControlmenubyhoveringoverthe

buttoninthetopcontrolbar
andthenclickontheShowGallery

button.
3. WhileusinganotherTVCenterapplication(TV,RadioorSettings)hittheF9
keyofyourKeyboard.
TheTVCenterGalleryopens.

38
TVCenter Gallery User Interface
IntheimagebelowyoucanseehowtheTVCenterGallerylookslike.
WhenyoufirstopentheTVCenterGalleryallrecordedfileswillbedisplayed
Forabetteroverviewandeasierfileretrieval,youcanfilterand/orsortany
time:
whichtypeofrecordingwillbedisplayedinthegallery.Youcaneither
choosetodisplayallrecordingsorforexamplejusttheTVrecordingsor
Radiorecordings.
Todothis,clickonthe
buttonandselectthedesiredoptionfrom
thedropdownmenu.
howtherecordingswillbesorted.Youcanchoosetosorttherecordingsby
date,filesizeorfiletitle.
Todothis,clickonthe

buttonandselectthedesiredoption
fromthedropdownmenu.
Ifyouwanttodeletearecordedfile,clickontheDelete button.
Pleasenotethatbychoosingthisoption,therecordedfilewillbedeletedfrom
yourharddrive.
IfyouwanttocopyarecordedfileonanUSBstickforinstance,clickonthe
ShowinExplorer button.AWindowsExplorerwindowopensshowingyou
theselectedfile.
TVCenter Gallery
39
Pleasenotethatifyoumoveorrenamethefile,itwillnotanylongerbe
availableintheTVCenterGallery.
BesidesplayingbackrecordingsonyourPCyoumightwishe.g.toplaybacka
recordingonyourSonyPlaystationPortable(PSP),iPodorDVDplayer.
Forfurtherdetails,refertothechapterConvertRecordings.

40
Play Back Recordings
IntheopenTVCenterGallery,proceedasfollowstoplaybackarecording.
Selecttherecordingyouwanttoplayback.
Optional:Forabetteroverview,youcanfilterwhichtypeofrecordingwill
bedisplayedinthegalleryandhowthefilesaresorted.
Usethebuttons

and
.
Clickoneitherthethumbnailorthe

button.
Thefileisplayedback.
Notethatthewhiletheaudiorecordingsandthetakensnapshotswillbe
playedbackusingthedefaultapplicationofyouroperatingsystem,thevideo
recordingswillbeplayedbackintheTVCenterGalleryPreviewwindow.
HereishowtheTVCenterGalleryPreviewwindowlookslikeandtheavailable
functions:
TVCenter Gallery
41
Convert TV Recordings
TVCenterrecordstheTVprogramsinthenativebroadcastedTransportStream
format.Ifyouwishtoplaybackarecordingonanotherdevicee.g.onyour
SonyPlaystationPortable(PSP),iPodorDVDplayerfirstyoumustconvert
thefile.
Toconvertarecordingproceedasfollows:
IntheopenTVCenterGallery
Selecttherecordingyouwanttoconvert.
Optional:Forabetteroverviewfromthe

dropdownmenuselectthe
optionTVfiles.Thiswayonly,theTVrecordingswillbedisplayedinthe
TVCenterGallery.
Clickthe

button.
Selectthedesiredformatfromthedropdownmenutostarttheconversion
process.
Theprogressbarshowshowtheconversionisprogressing.
Theconvertedrecordingisstoredinthefolder,whichyouspecifiedinthe
TVCenterSettingsapplicationunderRecording>ConvertedFiles.

42
TVCenter Radio
TVCenterRadioistheapplicationthatallowsyoutolistentotheradio.
PleasenotethatyouneedadualPCTVtunertobeabletoreceiveTVandradio
signalsatthesametime.
OpenTVCenterRadio
TheTVCenterRadioUserInterface
ChangetheRadioStation
SetPredefinedRadioStations
ChangetheAudioTrack
Timeshift
RecordaProgram
TVCenter Radio
43
Open TVCenter Radio
ThereseveralwaystoopentheTVCenterRadio:
Start>Programs>PCTVSystems>TVCenterRadio.
2. whileusinganotherTVCenterapplication(TV,GalleryorSettings)openthe
MasterControlmenubyhoveringoveronthe

buttoninthetopcontrol
barandthenclickontheShowRadio

button.
3. whileusinganotherTVCenterapplication(TV,GalleryorSettings)hittheF7
keyofyourkeyboard.
TheTVCenterRadioopens.
Theapplicationisnowstartedandtheprogramoftheradiostationyouwere
lastlisteningtoisgivenback.
Note:whenyouopenTVCenterRadioforthefirsttime,theradiostation,which
wasfoundfirstduringthechannelscan,isgivenback.

44
TVCenter Radio User Interface
Intheimagebelow,youcanseehowtheTVCenterRadiolookslikeandgetan
overviewoftheavailablefunctions.
Usethecontrolstochangetheradiostation,toadjustthevolumeorstartan
instantortimeshiftrecording.Ifavailable,youcanalsoswapovertheaudio
track.
Inadditiontothat,youcanassignyourfavoriteradiostationtooneofthesix
PredefinedRadioStationbuttons.Thiswayyoujusthavetoclickonceto
accessthem.Forfurtherdetails,pleaserefertothetopic
SetPredefinedRadioStations.
Pleasenotethattheapplicationhasseveralsocalledtogglebuttons.Atoggle
buttonhastwoormoredifferentfunctionsandyoucanswitchbetweenthe
functionsbyclickingonthebutton.
Herearethetogglebuttonsandtheirfunctions:
TVCenter Radio
45
1
st
clickstartstorecordtheprogramyouarelisteningto
2
nd
clickopenstheRecordingTaskswindowandoffersyouthe
possibilitytoedittherunningrecording
1
st
clickpausestheradioprogramandstartsthetimeshiftmode.

2
nd
clickresumestheradioprogram
HoveringoverthebuttonopenstheAdjustVolumebar.
1
st
clickmutesthevolume
2
nd
clickunmutesthevolume
1
st
clickopensalistwithallavailableaudiotracks
2
nd
clickselectfromthelistthedesiredaudiotrack
Notethatnoteveryradiostationoffersmultipleaudiotracks.

AveryimportantbuttonofthetopcontrolbaristheMasterControlmenu
button.Hoveringoverthe

buttonopenstheMasterControlmenu.
ThisishowtheMasterControlmenulookslikeandtheavailablefunctions:

46
Changing the Radio Stations
Therearevariouswaystochangetheradiostation.Hereisanoverview:
Next/previousstation
ClickonthePreviousChannel

NextChannelbuttontoswitchtothe
nextorpreviousradiostationinthestationlist.
Switchtolaststation
ClicktheSwitchtolastStation

buttontoswitchtothelastradiostation
youwerelisteninglongerthan10seconds.
SelectStation
Tochangetheradiostationproceedasfollows:
1.ClickontheSelectChannel

button.TheChannelSelect
windowopens.
TVCenter Radio
47
2.Sorttheradiostationlistusingoneoftheavailablesortingpossibilities:
a.
fromthisdropdownmenuselecttoseeallradio
stationsorjusttheradiostationsassociatedtooneofyourfavorite
stationlists.
b.

fromthisdropdownmenuselecttosortthestationlistbystation
numberorstationname.
c.

clickonthisbuttontosortthedisplayedstationsinthelisteither
ascendingordescending.
d.AlternativelyyoucanusetheQuickSearchfieldtosearchforstations.In
thestationlist,onlythestationsmatchingyoursearchcriteriawillbe
displayed.
3.Clickononeradiostationinthelisttochangetoitsprogram.

48
Set a Predefined Radio Station
Youhavethepossibilitytoassignyourfavoriteradiostationtooneofthesix
PredefinedStationbuttonsavailable.
Tosetapredefinedradiostation,followtheinstructionsbelow:
FromtheStationSelectwindow,selecttheradiostationyouwouldliketo
assigntooneofthesixPredefinedStationbuttonsavailable.
WhilelisteningtotheselectedstationholddowntheCtrlkeyonyour
keyboardandpressthePredefinedStationbuttonyouwouldliketoassign
thestationto.
Thecurrentradiostationwasnowassignedtotherespectivebutton.
ClickononeassignedPredefinedStationbuttontochangetorespective
station.
TVCenter Radio
49
Change Audio Track
Changingtheaudiotrackmeansinotherwordstochangetheaudiolanguage
ortheaudioformatoftheprogram.
Pleasenotethatnoteveryradiostationoffersmultipleaudiotracks.
Tochangetheaudiotrack,dothefollowing:
ClicktheSelectaudiotrack

buttoninthebottomcontrolbar.
Amenuwiththeavailableaudiotracksisdisplayed.
Selectthedesiredaudiotrack.
Ifyouchangetheaudiolanguage,beforethechangesapplyfollowing
dialogopens:
IfyouselectYes,thechangewillaffectallradiostationsthatofferthe
audiotrack(language)youselected.
IfyouselectNo,thechangewillaffectonlytherunningradiostation.
Ifyouchangetheaudioformat,thechangesapplyautomatically.

50
Timeshift (Pause / Resume Live-Radio)
Timeshift,alsoknownastimedelayedradio,isafunctionthatallowsyouto
pausetheprogramandplayitbackanytime.Duringthepausingtime,thelive
radioprogramistemporarybeingrecordedonyourcomputer.Thismeansthat
unexpectedinterruptionscannotcauseyoutomissasecondofthecurrent
radioshow.
PleasenotethatthetimeshiftfilesareonlytemporarilystoredonyourPC.You
cannotsaveandusethesefiles.
Afterendingthetimeshiftmodeorchangingthestation,thetimeshiftfilewill
beautomaticallydeleted.
ClickthePause/Resume

buttoninthebottomcontrolbartopausethelive
radioandstartthetimeshiftmode.
Duringtimeshiftmode,additionalcontrolsareavailableinthebottomcontrol
bar.
ClickthePause/ResumePreview

buttontostartplayingbackthetimeshift
file.
Ifyouclickthisbuttonduringplaybackofthetimeshiftfiletheplaybackwillbe
paused.Clickingthebuttonagainresumestheplayback.
TheTimeshifttimebarallowsyoutojumptoanypositionwithinthetimeshift
file.Todothischoseoneofthesepossibilities:
simplyclickwiththemouseonthetimebaratthedesiredposition.
TVCenter Radio
51
slidetheplaybackpositionindicatortothedesiredpositionwithinthefile.
Youcanswitchtotheliveradioprogramatanytimebypullingtheposition
indicatortotherighthandendofthebar.Inthiscase,theprogramcontinues
toberecordedinthetimeshiftfile.
Usethe

Jumpbackward/Jumpforward

buttonstojumpapredefined
timeintervalinthetimeshiftfile.Bydefaultthistimeintervalis10secondsfor
jumpingbackwardand1minuteforjumpingforward.Youcanchangeitinthe
TVCenterSettingsapplicationunderRecording>Timeshift>Skiptimes.
ClickingtheStopTimeshiftMode

buttonendsthetimeshiftmodeand
switchesbacktoliveradio.
Pleasenotethatifyoudecidetoendthetimeshiftmodeortochangetheradio
stationthetimeshiftfiletemporarilystoredonyourcomputerwillbe
automaticallydeleted.

52
Record a Radio Program
TVCenterRadiooffersyoutworecordingoptions.
InstantRecordingrecordstheprogramyouarelisteningrightnow
ScheduledRecordingletsyouprogramarecording

Instant Recording
Usethisfunctionifyouwanttorecordthecurrentprogram.
Start / End an Instant Recording
StartaninstantrecordingbyclickingtheRecord

button.
EndtherecordingbyclickingtheStopRecording

button.
Change the Recording Settings

Duringaninstantrecording,youhavethepossibilitytochangesomerecording
settings.Todosofollowthesesteps:
1. ClickagainontheRecord

button.
2. Youhavethepossibilitytoset:
eithersetthedurationoftherecordingortheendtime.
thebehaviorofthePCaftercompletingtherecording.
TVCenter Radio
53
3. Makethedesiredchanges.
4. ConfirmwithaclickontheOKbutton.
Therecordingtasksdialogcloses.

TherecordingisstoredinthefolderwhichyouspecifiedintheTVCenter
Settingsapplicationunder:
Recording>Directories>Radiorecordings.
Thefilenameisgeneratedautomaticallyfromthechannelnameandthedate
andtime.

54
Scheduled Recording
ToprogramarecordingyoufirsthavetoopentheRecordingtaskswindow.
DooneofthefollowingtoopentheRecordingtaskwindow:
1. whileTVCenterisrunninghittheF11keyofyourkeyboard.
2. opentheMasterControlmenuinthetopcontrolbarbyhoveringoverthe
buttonandclickontheRecordingTasks

button.
TheRecordingtaskswindowopensandallplannedoralreadymaderecordings
aredisplayed.
TVCenter Radio
55
Schedule a Recording
IntheRecordingtaskswindowclickthebutton:New.
Thefollowingdialogopens:
1. Selectthechannelwhoseprogramyouwanttorecord.
Todoso:
clickontheChannelbutton.
theStationselectwindowopens.
selectthedesiredstation.
2. Scheduleyourrecording:(pleasejumptotheappropriateoption:
Asinglerecording;Brecurrencerecording)
ASingleRecording
IntheStarttimesectionselectthedateoftherecordingfromthe
dropdownmenuandmanuallyenterthestartingtime.
Manuallyentereither,theEndtimeoftherecordingandtheDuration
willautomaticallybeadjustedorviceversa.
Pleasejumptostep3

56
BRecurrenceRecording
opentheRecurrenceoptiontoscheduletherecording.
IntheTimesectionmanuallyenterthestartingtimeintotheStartfield.
Manuallyentereither,theEndtimeoftherecordingandtheDuration
willautomaticallybeadjustedorviceversa.
FromtheRecurrencePatterndropdownmenuselectthedesiredoption
WeeklyselectthedaysoftheweekwhentheTVshowisbroadcasted.
DailyselecthowoftentheTVshowrecurs.
IntheRangeofRecurrencesection,setthestartingandendingdateof
therecurrencerecording.
Fortheendingtimefollowingoptionsareavailable:
Noend
Bydate
Afteroccurrence
3. ThefilenameisautomaticallygeneratedfromtheEPGdata(ifavailable)or
thechannelnameandthedateandtime.
Ifyouwishtorenamethefile,youcandothisintheTitlefield.
4. Youcansetpre/postrolltimesfortherecording.
start5minutesbeforethestarttimeyousetandwillend5minutesafter
theendtimeyouset.
TVCenter Radio
57
5. FurtheryoucanselectthebehaviorofyourPCaftercompletingthe
recording.
6. Afteryouenteredthedesireddata,clicktheOKbuttontoconfirm.
7. IntheRecordingtaskswindowthenewscheduledrecordingwillbe
displayed.

58
Delete a Recording Task
programyoucandeletethetaskfromtheRecordingTaskswindow.
Todoso:
chapter.
selectthetaskyouwanttodelete.
clicktheDeletebutton.
Edit a Recording Task

Ifascheduledrecordingisstillpendingandyouwishtochangeoneofthe
recordingsettingsparameters,youcandothisfromtheRecordingTasks
window.
Todoso:
chapter.
selectthetaskyouwanttoedit.
clicktheEditbutton.
theRecordingtasksdialogopens.
makethechangesyoudesire.
confirmthechangesbyclickingtheOKbutton.

Therecordingisstoredinthefolder,whichyouspecifiedintheTVCenter
Settingsapplicationunder:
Recording>Recordingdirectories>Radiorecordings.

59
TVCenter - Settings
TVCenterSettingsistheapplicationthatallowsyoutomakevariouschanges
eithertotheconfigurationofyourPCTVdeviceorthesoftwareitself.
ToopentheTVCenterSettingsdooneofthefollowing:
Start>Programs>PCTVSystems>TVCenterSettings.
2. whilewatchingTVorusinganotherTVCenterapplication(Radio,Gallery)
opentheMasterControlmenubyhoveringoverthe

buttoninthetop
controlbarandthenclickontheShowSettings

button.
3. whilewatchingTVorusinganotherTVCenterapplication(Radio,Gallery)hit
theF10keyofyourkeyboard.
TheTVCenterSettingswindowconsistoftwopanes:TheNavigationPaneand
theSettingsPane.Thisishowthewindowlookslike:
TheNavigationPane,asthenamealreadysuggestsoffersyouthe
possibilitytonavigatethroughthedifferentsettingsoptions.Thecontentof
thispanedoesnotchange.
DependingonyourPCTVdevice,theoptionsoftheNavigationpanemightvary.
60
TheSettingsPane,offersyouthepossibilitytosetthedifferentparameters
oftheselectedoption.Dependingontheselectedoptionthecontentofthis
panechanges.
Forabetteroverview,theSettingsPaneisdividedintosections.Each
sectioncontainsrelatedsettingsparameters.
Hereisanoverviewofthesettingsparametersbehindtheoptionsofthe
navigationpane.
SelectthisoptiontosettheLanguageoftheSoftware
andyourLocation.
Selectthisoptionto:
see/changethePCTVdeviceand/orthe
antennayouareusingforwatchingTV.
configuretheanalogsource(dependsonPCTV
device).
enabletheantennaamplifier(ifavailable).
Selectthisoptiontoconfigureandtestyourremote
control(dependsonPCTVdevice).
Selectthisoptiontorunachannelscan.
Selectthisoptionto:
createyourfavoriteTVchannellists.
opentheAdvancedChannelEditor.
Selectthisoptionto:
createyourfavoritelistsofRadiostations.
opentheAdvancedChannelEditor.
TVCenter Settings
61
Selectthisoptionto:
setwhichapplicationyouwanttousefor
browsingtheEPGdata.
updatetheEPGdata.
Selectthisoptionto:
setthefolderswhereyourrecordingswillbe
saved.
setvariousrecordingtaskandtimeshift
parameters.
Selectthisoptionto:
settheaspectratiooftheTVviewingwindow
andhowlongthecontrolbarwillbedisplayed.
setupthevideorendererandtheaudiooutput.
Selectthisoptionto:
enablethefunction
setwhichTVcontentwillbeblocked
ThisoptionisavailableonlyintheUSA.
Selectthisoptiontosetdifferentparametersofthe
DistanTVsoftware.Forfurtherdetails,pleasereferto
theDistanTVHelporManual.
YoucannotsimultaneouslyusebothDistanTV
classicandDistanTVmobile.

62
Selectthisoptiontosetdifferentparametersofthe
DistanTVsoftware.Forfurtherdetailspleasereferto
thechapterTVCenterDistanTVmobile.
YoucannotsimultaneouslyusebothDistanTV
mobileandDistanTVclassic.
Selectthisoptiontostore/restoretheTVCenter
configuration.
ThisoptionisavailableonlywhenusingthePCTV
SystemsFlashStickNano.
Selectthisoptionto:
checkforsoftwareupdates
registerthesoftware
activatefeatures
Selecttherelevantoptioninthenavigationpanetomakethechangesyou
want.

63
TVCenter - DistanTV mobile
DistanTVmobileisamediaserverwhichrunsinthebackgroundandallowsa
clientdevicelikeaPC,Smartphone,iPhone,iPodtouch,iPadtoaccessthe
TVCenterapplicationviaLANortheInternet.Oncetheconnectionbetween
anyoftheseclientdevicesandthePChasbeenestablished,theclientdevice
accessesthechannellistssavedonyourPC.Yousimplyselectthechannelyou
wanttowatchandTVCenterstreamstheTVprogramtoyourclientdevice.
Inadditiontothatyoucanuseyourclientdevicetoschedulerecordingsor
accesstheTVCenterGalleryandplaybackrecordings.
Requirements
IfyouwishtoaccesstheTVCenterapplicationviayourclientdevice,ensurethe
webbrowseryouareusingisabletodisplaythestreamedvideodata.
TheWebbrowsermustsupporteither:
FLASHvideos
M3u8PlaylistscontainingH.264videoswithAACsound
H.264videosunderHTML5
OgvvideosunderHTML5

For Access via Internet
ToaccessTVCenterviatheInternetfollowingrequirementshavetobemet:
ThePortForwardingoptionofyourrouterhastobeenabled.
YouneedtoknowtheexternalIPAddressofyourPC.
DependingonyourInternetprovider,thismayconstantlychange.To
overcomethisproblemwerecommendusingadynamicDNSservice.
OptionalyoucouldenableyourPCtowakeonLAN.
Forfurtherdetailsonportforwarding,dynamicDNSandwakeonLANplease
refertothedocument:"RequirementsforDistanTVmobile"locatedinthe
TVCenterHelpfileinthesectionTVCenterDistanTVmobile.

64
For Access via your Local Network (LAN)
ToaccessTVCenterviaLANyouneedtoknowtheIPaddressorthenameof
yourPC.
DistanTV mobile
65
Set the DistanTV mobile Server
TosettheDistanTVmobileserveryoufirsthavetoopentheTVCenterSettings
application.
ToopenTVCenterSettingsdooneofthefollowing:
whileTVCenterisrunning,hoverovertheMasterControl

buttoninthe
topcontrolbarandclickontheShowSettings

button.
whileTVCenterisrunning,hittheF10keyofyourkeyboard.
gototheWindowsStartmenu:
Start>Programs>PCTVSystems>TVCenterSettings
InthenowopenTVCenterSettingsapplication,selecttheoption
DistanTVmobile.
Followingdialogopens:

66
TostarttheDistanTVmobileserver,selectthedesiredEnableaccess
option.
NotethatifyouenabletheDistanTVmobileservertheDistanTVclassic
serverwillbeautomaticallydisabled.
YoucannotsimultaneouslyusebothDistanTVmobileandDistanTV
classic.
IntheSummarysectionofthepageyoucanalwaysseetheServerstate
thenameofyourPCandtheIPaddress.
OnceanEnableaccessoptionisselected,theDistanTVmobileserverwill
startautomaticallywhenyoupowerupyourPC.
TostoptheDistanTVmobileserver,deselecttheEnableAccessoption.
InthePortfieldyoucanchangetheporttheDistanTVmobileserveruses
forcommunication.Bydefault80isset.
Notethatthecommunicationporthastobeopeninyourrouterand
firewallconfiguration.
Forfurtherdetailspleaserefertotheusermanualofyourrouterandthe
helpofyourfirewallsoftware.
InthePINfield,changethedefaultPINtosecuretheaccesstoTVCenter.
NowyouarereadytowatchTVonyourclientdevice.
DistanTV mobile
67
Access TVCenter using your client device
FollowthesestepstoenjoytheDistanTVmobileoptionsonyourclientdevice:
InyourclientsdevicewebbrowserentertheIPaddressordynamicDNS
hostofyourPC.
HereyoucanseetheIPaddressofyourPC:
TVCenterSettings>DistanTVmobile>Summary
EnterthePIN.
IfyoudonotrememberthePINyoucanfinditonyourPCinthe
TVCenterSettings>DistanTVmobilesection
TheDistanTVmobileuserinterfaceopens
Note:Dependingonyourclientdevicedifferentuserinterfacewillbe
displayed.Acompactuserinterfacewillbedisplayedondeviceswithlow
resolution(e.g.Smartphone),whereasastandarduserinterfacewillbe
displayedondeviceswithhighresolution(e.g.clientPC).
OnyourSmartphone,thecompactuserinterfacelookslikethis:
Thecompactuserinterfaceprovidesfirstanoverviewofallavailable
functions.
Toaccessafunctionyoujusthavetoclickontherespectivebutton.
E.g.clickontheLiveTVbuttonifyouwanttowatchTV.
ClickontheHomebuttontogetbacktothefunctionsoverview.
68
OnaclientPCthestandarduserinterfacelookslikethis:
ImportantInformation:
Ingeneral,TVstreamingwithDistanTVmobiletoyourclientdevice,canbe
performedviaaWiFinetworkorthroughaUMTS/3Gconnection(Notvia
GPRS/EDGE!).
PleasenotethefollowingwhenusingaUMTS/3Gnetwork:
StreamingofvideomightbeblockedbyyourUMTSoperator.Incaseof
streamingproblems,pleasecheckthecorrectfunctionofDistanTVmobileby
connectingyourclientdevicetoaWiFirouterwithbroadband
Internetaccess.
Beawareofpotentialhighdatatrafficcost,ifyoudonthaveaflatfee
UMTScontract.
Beawareofapotentialbandwidththrottlingbyyouroperatorwhen
reachingacertaintotaldatavolume(fairflatcontracts).
Example:
Yourfairflatvolumeis2GBpermonthandyouarestreamingatadatarate
of150kb/s.Thiswillgiveyouapprox.30hofpureTVstreamingtimeper
monthuntilyourconnectionspeedwillbedecreasedtoe.g.GPRSspeed
whichmakesanyfurtherstreamingthroughthisconnectionimpossible.
DistanTV mobile
69
Watch TV on your client device

AccessTVCenterasdescribedinthechapterAccessTVCenterusingyour
clientdevice.
FromtheChannelListselectthechannelyouwanttowatch.
EnjoyTVonyourclient.
Note:ifyouareusingaSmartphone,e.g.aniPhone
,firstyouhavetoclickon
theLiveTVbuttonwithinthefunctionoverview.

70
Change TV Viewing Settings on your client
IfyouarenotsatisfiedwiththedefaultTVviewingsettings,youcanmanually
changethemdirectlyonyourclient.
Amongothersyoucanadjustthestreamingdatarateofyourlocaland/or
Internetprofileandtheaspectratioofthepreviewwindow.
Todoso,followthesesteps:
clientdevice.
OpentheSettings
page.
Makethedesiredchanges.Thesewillbesavedautomatically.
Note:IfyouhavemorethanonechannellistsavedonyourPC,hereyoucan
selecttheonetobedisplayedintheLiveTVwindow.
DistanTV mobile
71
Schedule Recordings on your client
Toschedulearecording,followthesesteps:
clientdevice.
ClickontheScheduledRecordingsbuttontoopentherespectivepage.
Toprogramanewrecordingtask,clickthe:
buttonincaseofastandarduserinterface(PC).
Addnewtaskbuttonincaseofacompactuserinterface(Smartphone).
SelectthechannelwhoseprogramyouwishtorecordfromtheChannel
dropdownlist.
TheentryintheTitlefieldwillbeadjustedautomatically.
IntheStarttimesectionenterthedateandthestartingtimeofthe
recording.
EntereithertheEndtimeoftherecordingandtheDurationwill
automaticallybeadjustedorviceversa.
YoucanalsosetPre/Postrolltimesfortherecording.
start5minutesbeforetheStarttimeyousetandwillend5minutesafter
theEndtimeyouset.
ClicktheAddbuttontoconfirmyourentry.
Note:thescheduledrecordingswillbesavedonthePCrunningTVCenterinthe
folderyousetintheTVCenterSettingsapplication.
Forfurtherinformationrefertothechapter:RecordingaTVProgramOther
UsefulInformation.
72
Edit a Scheduled Recording Task on your client
Ifascheduledrecordingisstillpending,youcanchangeoneoftherecording
settingsparameters.
Todoso:
clientdevice.
OpentheScheduledRecordingspage
Selectthetaskyouwanttoedit.
Makethechangesyoudesire
ConfirmthesewithaclickonthebuttonUpdate.

Delete a Scheduled Recording Task on your client
programyoucandeletethetask.
Todoso:
clientdevice.
OpentheScheduledRecordingspage
Selectthetaskyouwanttodelete.
Clickonthe:
buttonincaseofastandarduserinterface(PC).
Deletebuttonincaseofacompactuserinterface(Smartphone).
ClicktheOKbuttontoconfirm.

DistanTV mobile
73
Play back recordings on your client
IntheGallery
pageyouwillfindallrecordedfiles.
Toplaybackarecordingfollowthesesteps:
clientdevice.
OpentheGallerypage
WithintheFilessectionclickontherecordingyouwanttoplayback
Thefileisplayedback.

74
Online Support
Ifyouneedfurtherhelpyoucanwriteusanemailat:
support@pctvsystems.comorcallourhotline.
Forfurtherdetailsonhowtocontactourhotline,refertothesupport
informationsheetincludedwithyourproduct.
WhenyoucontactthePCTVSystems'Support,pleasebereadytoprovidethe
followinginformation:
ThePCTVDeviceyouareusing
VersionoftheTVCenterapplication
Serialnumber:LocatedonthecoverofyourCDorintheSettings
applicationoftheTVCenter
Operatingsystemversion:e.g.WindowsVistaincludingtheServicePack
version
Mainboard:Name,chipset,BIOSversion
CPU:Typeandspeed(e.g.,Pentium4,2.4GHz)
RAM:Sizeofmainmemory(e.g.,512MB)
CD/DVDburner:Manufacturerandmodel
Typeofdefect:e.g.Crash,problemswithvideoquality,installation
problems,etc.
Briefdescriptionoftheissue
Informationonhowtheissuecanbereproduced
Tomakeiteasierforyouapartoftheinformationneededbyoursupportis
accessibleintheSysteminfofile.
TVCenteroffersyouthepossibilitytoeithersavethisfileontoyourharddiskor
sendittooursupport.
Youcanfindthetwooptionshere:TVCenterSettings>Information.

75
TVCenter - Operating Shortcuts
Followingoperatingshortcutsareavailable:
Function Keyboard Mouse Remote

Main
Help F1
TV F5
Teletext F6 Teletext
Radio F7
EPG F8
Playback F9
Settings F10
Exit ALT+F4 PowerOn/Off
76

Channels
Enternumbers 1/2/3/4/5
/6/7/8/9
1/2/3/4/5
/6/7/8/9
Switchvideo
input
0 0/AV
Previous
channel
CursorUp/
CursorLeft/
Media*Next
ChannelUp
Nextchannel CursorDown/
CursorRight/
Media*
Previous
ChannelDown
Lastviewed
channel
L LastChannel
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80
Legal Information
The PCTV Systems End User License Agreement
YoucanusetheTVCenterSoftwarebyPCTVSystemsonlyundertheconditions
ofPCTVSystems'EndUserLicenseAgreement(EULA).
PleasecarefullyreadthePCTVSystems'EULA.
Additional License Information

TVCenterCopyright2009byPCTVSystemsS.r.l..AllRightsReserved.
Partsofthissoftwareuse:.
ffmpegunderthetermsoftheGNULesserGeneralPublicLicense.
Forfurtherdetailsregardingtheffmpegcomponent,pleasereferto:
http://ffmpeg.org/index.html.
ClickheretoseethePCTVSystemsGPLandLGPLcodestatement.
md5.js1.0b27/06/96JavascriptimplementationoftheRSAData
Security,Inc.MD5MessageDigestAlgorithm.
Copyright(c)1996HenriTorgemane.AllRightsReserved.

Trademarks
Allbrandorproductnamesaretrademarksorregisteredtrademarksoftheir
respectiveholders.
FFmpegisatrademarkofFabriceBellard,originatoroftheFFMpegproject.
DolbyandthedoubleDsymbolareregisteredtrademarksofDolby
Laboratories.
Legal Information
81
PCTV Systems GPL and LGPL Code Statement
TheTVCenterSoftwarebyPCTVSystemsincludessoftwarecodedevelopedby
thirdpartiesandsubjecttotheGNUGeneralPublicLicense("GPL")orGNU
LesserGeneralPublicLicense("LGPL").
Asapplicable:
thetermsoftheGPLyoucanfindhere.
thetermsoftheLGPLyoucanfindhere.
informationhowtoobtainaccesstothesoftwarecodesubjecttothe
GPLand/orLGPLyoucanfindat:http://www.pctvsystems.com.
ThesoftwarecodesubjecttotheGPLand/orLGPLusedintheTVCenterare
distributedWITHOUTANYWARRANTY.TheGPLand/orLGPLcodeissubjectto
thecopyrightofoneormoreauthors.Forfurtherdetailsrefertothecodeitself
andthetermsoftheGPLand/orLGPL.
IftheGPLand/orLGPLspecificlicensetermsentitleyoutothesourcecode,
PCTVSystemswillprovideuponwrittenrequest(emailortraditionalmail)the
applicablesourcecode.ThesourcecodefileswillbesentviaCDROMfora
nominalcosttocovershippingandmediachargesasallowedunderGPLand
LGPL.

82
PCTV Systems End User License Agreement
ThisEndUserLicenseAgreement(License)isalegalagreementbetweenyou
andPCTVSystems(PCTVSystems)regardingPCTVSystemssoftwareandthe
accompanyingdocumentation(collectively,theSoftware).CAREFULLYREAD
THEFOLLOWINGLICENSE.USINGTHISSOFTWAREINDICATESYOUR
ACCEPTANCEOFTHISLICENSE.IFYOUDONOTACCEPTORUNDERSTANDTHE
TERMSOFTHISLICENSE,YOUSHOULDNOTINSTALLTHESOFTWAREAND
PROMPTLYRETURNTHISPRODUCTTOYOURVALUEADDEDRESELLER.
1.LicenseGrant.Subjecttotherestrictionssetforthbelow,thisLicense
grantsyouanonexclusive,perpetuallicenseto(a)installtheSoftwareononly
onecomputer;(b)useorauthorizeuseoftheSoftwareononlyonecomputer;
(c)makeonecopyoftheSoftware,inmachinereadableform,solelyforbackup
purposes;providedyouincludeallcopyrightandotherproprietaryrights
noticesonthecopyand(d)transfertheSoftwareandthisLicensetoanother
partyiftheotherpartyagreestoacceptthetermsandconditionsofthis
License.IfyoutransfertheSoftware,youmustatthesametimeeithertransfer
allcopiestothesamepartyordestroyanycopiesnottransferred.Ifyou
transferpossessionofanycopyoftheSoftwaretoanotherparty,yourLicense
isautomaticallyterminated.
2.LicenseRestrictions.Youmaynot,orallowanythirdpartyto,(a)rent,
lease,sell,loanorotherwisetransfertheSoftwareoranyofyourrightsand
obligationsunderthisLicense;(b)installtheSoftwareonanetworkforuseby
multipleusers,unlesseachuserhaspurchasedalicense;(c)removeordestroy
anycopyrightnoticesorotherproprietarymarkingsoftheSoftwareorany
thirdpartysoftware;(d)modifyoradapttheSoftware,mergetheSoftware
intoanotherprogramorcreatederivativeworksbasedontheSoftware;(e)
makecopiesofordistribute,forprofitorotherwise,theSoftware,exceptas
expresslyprovidedabove;(f)makeanyalteration,modification,connection,
disconnection,improvementoradjustmentofanykindtoorusetheSoftware
exceptasexplicitlycontemplatedintheencloseddocumentationandinthis
License;(g)usethisproducttodistributevideocontent,whichisprotectedby
copyprotectiontechnology,viatheIntranetoranywideareanetwork(WAN)
and(h)sublicense,transferorassignthisLicenseoranyoftherightsand
obligationsgrantedunderthisLicense,exceptasexplicitlycontemplatedinthis
License.Anypurportedtransferorassignmentwillbevoid.Thelicense
restrictinsdonotapplytothosepartsoftheSoftwarewhicharebasedonthe
Legal Information
83
GNULesserGeneralPublicLicense(LGPL),whichisalsodistributedwiththis
software.
3.Ownership.Thelicensegrantedhereunderdoesnotconstituteatransferor
saleofownershiprightsinortotheSoftware.Exceptforthelicenserights
grantedabove,PCTVSystemsretainsallrighttitleandinterestinandtothe
Softwareincludingallintellectualpropertyrightstherein.TheSoftwareis
protectedbyapplicableintellectualpropertylaws,includingUnitedStates
copyrightlawsandinternationaltreaties.Theownweshiprightsdonotapplyto
thosepartsoftheSoftwarewhicharebasedontheGNULesserGeneralPublic
License(LGPL),whichisalsodistributedwiththissoftware.
4.ThirdPartyProprietaryProperty.ThisSoftwaremaycontainthe
proprietarypropertyofothers,whichhasbeenlicensedtoPCTVSystems;your
useoftheSoftwareisexpresslyconditionedonyouragreementnottoremove
anycopyrightnoticesorotherproprietarymarkingsofthethirdpartysoftware.
5.Security.Youacknowledgeandagreethatinordertoprotecttheintegrity
ofcertainthirdpartycontent,PCTVSystemsand/oritslicensorsmayprovide
forSoftwaresecurityrelatedupdatesthatwillbeautomaticallydownloaded
andinstalledonyourcomputer.Suchsecurityrelatedupdatesmayimpairthe
Software(andanyothersoftwareonyourcomputerwhichspecificallydepends
ontheSoftware)includingdisablingyourabilitytocopyand/orplay"secure"
content,i.e.contentprotectedbydigitalrightsmanagement.Insuchanevent,
PCTVSystemsand/oritslicensorsshallusereasonableeffortstopromptlypost
noticesonPCTVSystemswebsiteexplainingthesecurityupdateandproviding
instructionstoendusersforobtainingnewversionsorfurtherupdatesofthe
Softwarethatrestoreaccesstosecurecontentandrelatedfeatures.
6.TermandTermination.ThisLicenseshallbeeffectiveuponinstallationof
theSoftwareandshallterminateupontheearlierof(a)yourfailuretocomply
withanytermofthisLicense;(b)return,destructionordeletionofallcopiesof
theSoftwareinyourpossessionor(c)transferoftheSoftwareandthisLicense
toanotherpartyinaccordancewithSection1(d).PCTVSystemsrightsand
yourobligationsshallsurviveterminationofthisLicense.

84
7.LimitedWarranty.PCTVSystemswarrantstotheoriginallicenseethatthe
Software,asdelivered,willperforminaccordancewiththeaccompanying
documentationforaperiodof30daysfromthedateoftheoriginalpurchase
(LimitedWarranty).PCTVSystemsentireliabilityandyourexclusiveremedy
forbreachoftheprecedingLimitedWarrantyshallbe,atPCTVSystemssole
option,repairorreplacementoftheSoftwarethatdoesnotmeetthewarranty
setforthhereinandthatisreturnedtoPCTVSystems.Thislimitedwarranty
shallbevoidiffailureoftheSoftwarehasresultedfromanyaccident,abuse,
misuseormisapplicationbyyou.AnyreplacementSoftwarewillbewarranted
fortheremainderoftheoriginalwarrantyperiodor30days,whicheveris
longer.
8.NOOTHERWARRANTIES.EXCEPTASSETFORTHABOVE,THESOFTWAREIS
PROVIDEDONANASISBASIS.YOUASSUMEALLRESPONSIBILITIESFORTHE
QUALITYANDPERFORMANCEOFTHESOFTWARE.TOTHEMAXIMUMEXTENT
PERMITTEDBYAPPLICABLELAW,PCTVSYSTEMSDISCLAIMSALLWARRANTIES,
EITHEREXPRESSORIMPLIED,INCLUDINGBUTNOTLIMITEDTOIMPLIED
WARRANTIESOFMERCHANTABILITY,NONINFRINGEMENT,ANDFITNESSFORA
PARTICULARPURPOSE.LICENSORDOESNOTWARRANTTHATTHEFUNCTIONS
CONTAINEDINTHESOFTWAREWILLMEETYOURREQUIREMENTS,BE
UNINTERRUPTEDORERRORFREE.
9.LIMITATIONOFLIABILITY.YOUAGREETHATINNOEVENTWILLPCTV
SYSTEMSBELIABLEFORANYCONSEQUENTIAL,SPECIAL,INDIRECT,INCIDENTAL
ORPUNITIVEDAMAGESWHATSOEVER,EVENIFPCTVSYSTEMSHASBEEN
ADVISEDOFTHEPOSSIBILITYOFSUCHDAMAGES.INNOEVENTSHALLPCTV
SYSTEMSLIABILITYEXCEEDTHETOTALAMOUNTOFTHEFEESPAIDFORTHE
SOFTWARE.Somestates/jurisdictionsdonotallowthelimitationorexclusion
ofincidentalorconsequentialdamagesincertaincircumstances,sotheabove
limitationsmaynotapplyinsomecircumstances.
10.General.ThisLicenseisgovernedbythelawsoftheFederalRepublicof
Germany.ThisLicenseistheentireagreementbetweenyouandPCTVSystems
andsupersedesanyothercommunicationwithrespecttotheSoftware.No
modificationoforamendmenttothisLicensewillbeeffectiveunlessinwriting
signedbybothparties.IfanyprovisionofthisLicenseisheldinvalidor
unenforceable,theremainderofthisLicensewillcontinueinfullforceand
effect.
Legal Information
85
GNU - Lesser General Public License
Version2.1,February1999
Copyright(C)1991,1999FreeSoftwareFoundation,Inc.51FranklinStreet,
FifthFloor,Boston,MA021101301USA
Everyoneispermittedtocopyanddistributeverbatimcopiesofthislicense
document,butchangingitisnotallowed.
[ThisisthefirstreleasedversionoftheLesserGPL.Italsocountsasthe
successoroftheGNULibraryPublicLicense,version2,hencetheversion
number2.1.]
Preamble
Thelicensesformostsoftwarearedesignedtotakeawayyourfreedomto
shareandchangeit.Bycontrast,theGNUGeneralPublicLicensesareintended
toguaranteeyourfreedomtoshareandchangefreesoftwaretomakesure
thesoftwareisfreeforallitsusers.
Thislicense,theLesserGeneralPublicLicense,appliestosomespecially
designatedsoftwarepackagestypicallylibrariesoftheFreeSoftware
Foundationandotherauthorswhodecidetouseit.Youcanuseittoo,butwe
suggestyoufirstthinkcarefullyaboutwhetherthislicenseortheordinary
GeneralPublicLicenseisthebetterstrategytouseinanyparticularcase,based
ontheexplanationsbelow.
Whenwespeakoffreesoftware,wearereferringtofreedomofuse,notprice.
OurGeneralPublicLicensesaredesignedtomakesurethatyouhavethe
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wish);thatyoureceivesourcecodeorcangetitifyouwantit;thatyoucan
changethesoftwareandusepiecesofitinnewfreeprograms;andthatyou
areinformedthatyoucandothesethings.
Toprotectyourrights,weneedtomakerestrictionsthatforbiddistributorsto
denyyoutheserightsortoaskyoutosurrendertheserights.These
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ofthelibraryorifyoumodifyit.
Forexample,ifyoudistributecopiesofthelibrary,whethergratisorforafee,
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surethatthey,too,receiveorcangetthesourcecode.Ifyoulinkothercode
withthelibrary,youmustprovidecompleteobjectfilestotherecipients,so
thattheycanrelinkthemwiththelibraryaftermakingchangestothelibrary
86
andrecompilingit.Andyoumustshowthemthesetermssotheyknowtheir
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Weprotectyourrightswithatwostepmethod:(1)wecopyrightthelibrary,
and(2)weofferyouthislicense,whichgivesyoulegalpermissiontocopy,
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Toprotecteachdistributor,wewanttomakeitveryclearthatthereisno
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andpassedon,therecipientsshouldknowthatwhattheyhaveisnotthe
originalversion,sothattheoriginalauthor'sreputationwillnotbeaffectedby
problemsthatmightbeintroducedbyothers.
Finally,softwarepatentsposeaconstantthreattotheexistenceofanyfree
program.Wewishtomakesurethatacompanycannoteffectivelyrestrictthe
usersofafreeprogrambyobtainingarestrictivelicensefromapatentholder.
Therefore,weinsistthatanypatentlicenseobtainedforaversionofthe
librarymustbeconsistentwiththefullfreedomofusespecifiedinthislicense.
MostGNUsoftware,includingsomelibraries,iscoveredbythe
ordinaryGNUGeneralPublicLicense.Thislicense,theGNULesserGeneral
PublicLicense,appliestocertaindesignatedlibraries,andisquitedifferent
fromtheordinaryGeneralPublicLicense.Weusethislicenseforcertain
librariesinordertopermitlinkingthoselibrariesintononfreeprograms.
Whenaprogramislinkedwithalibrary,whetherstaticallyorusingashared
library,thecombinationofthetwoislegallyspeakingacombinedwork,a
derivativeoftheoriginallibrary.TheordinaryGeneralPublicLicensetherefore
permitssuchlinkingonlyiftheentirecombinationfitsitscriteriaoffreedom.
TheLesserGeneralPublicLicensepermitsmorelaxcriteriaforlinkingother
codewiththelibrary.
Wecallthislicensethe"Lesser"GeneralPublicLicensebecauseitdoesLessto
protecttheuser'sfreedomthantheordinaryGeneralPublicLicense.Italso
providesotherfreesoftwaredevelopersLessofanadvantageovercompeting
nonfreeprograms.Thesedisadvantagesarethereasonweusetheordinary
GeneralPublicLicenseformanylibraries.However,theLesserlicenseprovides
advantagesincertainspecialcircumstances.
Forexample,onrareoccasions,theremaybeaspecialneedtoencouragethe
widestpossibleuseofacertainlibrary,sothatitbecomesadefactostandard.
Toachievethis,nonfreeprogramsmustbeallowedtousethelibrary.Amore
frequentcaseisthatafreelibrarydoesthesamejobaswidelyusednonfree
libraries.Inthiscase,thereislittletogainbylimitingthefreelibrarytofree
softwareonly,soweusetheLesserGeneralPublicLicense.
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Inothercases,permissiontouseaparticularlibraryinnonfreeprograms
enablesagreaternumberofpeopletousealargebodyoffreesoftware.For
example,permissiontousetheGNUCLibraryinnonfreeprogramsenables
manymorepeopletousethewholeGNUoperatingsystem,aswellasits
variant,theGNU/Linuxoperatingsystem.
AlthoughtheLesserGeneralPublicLicenseisLessprotectiveoftheusers'
freedom,itdoesensurethattheuserofaprogramthatislinkedwiththe
Libraryhasthefreedomandthewherewithaltorunthatprogramusinga
modifiedversionoftheLibrary.
Theprecisetermsandconditionsforcopying,distributionandmodification
follow.Paycloseattentiontothedifferencebetweena"workbasedonthe
library"anda"workthatusesthelibrary".Theformercontainscodederived
fromthelibrary,whereasthelattermustbecombinedwiththelibraryinorder
torun.
GNULESSERGENERALPUBLICLICENSE
TERMSANDCONDITIONSFORCOPYING,DISTRIBUTIONANDMODIFICATION
0.ThisLicenseAgreementappliestoanysoftwarelibraryorotherprogram
whichcontainsanoticeplacedbythecopyrightholderorotherauthorized
partysayingitmaybedistributedunderthetermsofthisLesserGeneralPublic
License(alsocalled"thisLicense").Eachlicenseeisaddressedas"you".
A"library"meansacollectionofsoftwarefunctionsand/ordatapreparedsoas
tobeconvenientlylinkedwithapplicationprograms(whichusesomeofthose
functionsanddata)toformexecutables.
The"Library",below,referstoanysuchsoftwarelibraryorworkwhichhas
beendistributedundertheseterms.A"workbasedontheLibrary"means
eithertheLibraryoranyderivativeworkundercopyrightlaw:thatistosay,a
workcontainingtheLibraryoraportionofit,eitherverbatimorwith
modificationsand/ortranslatedstraightforwardlyintoanotherlanguage.
(Hereinafter,translationisincludedwithoutlimitationintheterm
"modification".)
"Sourcecode"foraworkmeansthepreferredformoftheworkformaking
modificationstoit.Foralibrary,completesourcecodemeansallthesource
codeforallmodulesitcontains,plusanyassociatedinterfacedefinitionfiles,
plusthescriptsusedtocontrolcompilationandinstallationofthelibrary.
Activitiesotherthancopying,distributionandmodificationarenotcoveredby
thisLicense;theyareoutsideitsscope.Theactofrunningaprogramusingthe
88
Libraryisnotrestricted,andoutputfromsuchaprogramiscoveredonlyifits
contentsconstituteaworkbasedontheLibrary(independentoftheuseofthe
Libraryinatoolforwritingit).Whetherthatistruedependsonwhatthe
LibrarydoesandwhattheprogramthatusestheLibrarydoes.
1.YoumaycopyanddistributeverbatimcopiesoftheLibrary'scomplete
sourcecodeasyoureceiveit,inanymedium,providedthatyouconspicuously
andappropriatelypublishoneachcopyanappropriatecopyrightnoticeand
disclaimerofwarranty;keepintactallthenoticesthatrefertothisLicenseand
totheabsenceofanywarranty;anddistributeacopyofthisLicensealongwith
theLibrary.
Youmaychargeafeeforthephysicalactoftransferringacopy,andyoumayat
youroptionofferwarrantyprotectioninexchangeforafee.
2.YoumaymodifyyourcopyorcopiesoftheLibraryoranyportionofit,thus
formingaworkbasedontheLibrary,andcopyanddistributesuch
modificationsorworkunderthetermsofSection1above,providedthatyou
alsomeetalloftheseconditions:
a)Themodifiedworkmustitselfbeasoftwarelibrary.
b)Youmustcausethefilesmodifiedtocarryprominentnoticesstating
thatyouchangedthefilesandthedateofanychange.
c)Youmustcausethewholeoftheworktobelicensedatnochargeto
allthirdpartiesunderthetermsofthisLicense.
d)IfafacilityinthemodifiedLibraryreferstoafunctionoratableof
datatobesuppliedbyanapplicationprogramthatusesthefacility,
otherthanasanargumentpassedwhenthefacilityisinvoked,thenyou
mustmakeagoodfaithefforttoensurethat,intheeventanapplication
doesnotsupplysuchfunctionortable,thefacilitystilloperates,and
performswhateverpartofitspurposeremainsmeaningful.(For
example,afunctioninalibrarytocomputesquarerootshasapurpose
thatisentirelywelldefinedindependentoftheapplication.Therefore,
Subsection2drequiresthatanyapplicationsuppliedfunctionortable
usedbythisfunctionmustbeoptional:iftheapplicationdoesnotsupply
it,thesquarerootfunctionmuststillcomputesquareroots.)
Theserequirementsapplytothemodifiedworkasawhole.Ifidentifiable
sectionsofthatworkarenotderivedfromtheLibrary,andcanbereasonably
consideredindependentandseparateworksin
Legal Information
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themselves,thenthisLicense,anditsterms,donotapplytothosesections
whenyoudistributethemasseparateworks.Butwhenyoudistributethe
samesectionsaspartofawholewhichisaworkbasedontheLibrary,the
distributionofthewholemustbeonthetermsofthisLicense,whose
permissionsforotherlicenseesextendtotheentirewhole,andthustoeach
andeverypartregardlessofwhowroteit.
Thus,itisnottheintentofthissectiontoclaimrightsorcontestyourrightsto
workwrittenentirelybyyou;rather,theintentistoexercisetherightto
controlthedistributionofderivativeorcollectiveworksbasedontheLibrary.
Inaddition,mereaggregationofanotherworknotbasedontheLibrarywith
theLibrary(orwithaworkbasedontheLibrary)onavolumeofstorageor
distributionmediumdoesnotbringtheotherworkunderthescopeofthis
License.
3.YoumayopttoapplythetermsoftheordinaryGNUGeneralPublicLicense
insteadofthisLicensetoagivencopyoftheLibrary.Todothis,youmustalter
allthenoticesthatrefertothisLicense,sothattheyrefertotheordinaryGNU
GeneralPublicLicense,version2,insteadoftothisLicense.(Ifanewerversion
thanversion2oftheordinaryGNUGeneralPublicLicensehasappeared,then
youcanspecifythatversioninsteadifyouwish.)Donotmakeanyother
changeinthesenotices.
Oncethischangeismadeinagivencopy,itisirreversibleforthatcopy,sothe
ordinaryGNUGeneralPublicLicenseappliestoallsubsequentcopiesand
derivativeworksmadefromthatcopy.Thisoptionisusefulwhenyouwishto
copypartofthecodeoftheLibraryintoaprogramthatisnotalibrary.
4.YoumaycopyanddistributetheLibrary(oraportionorderivativeofit,
underSection2)inobjectcodeorexecutableformunderthetermsofSections
1and2aboveprovidedthatyouaccompanyitwiththecomplete
correspondingmachinereadablesourcecode,whichmustbedistributedunder
thetermsofSections1and2aboveonamediumcustomarilyusedfor
softwareinterchange.
Ifdistributionofobjectcodeismadebyofferingaccesstocopyfroma
designatedplace,thenofferingequivalentaccesstocopythesourcecodefrom
thesameplacesatisfiestherequirementtodistributethesourcecode,even
thoughthirdpartiesarenotcompelledtocopythesourcealongwiththeobject
code.

90
5.AprogramthatcontainsnoderivativeofanyportionoftheLibrary,butis
designedtoworkwiththeLibrarybybeingcompiledorlinkedwithit,iscalleda
"workthatusestheLibrary".Suchawork,inisolation,isnotaderivativework
oftheLibrary,andthereforefallsoutsidethescopeofthisLicense.
However,linkinga"workthatusestheLibrary"withtheLibrarycreatesan
executablethatisaderivativeoftheLibrary(becauseitcontainsportionsof
theLibrary),ratherthana"workthatusesthelibrary".Theexecutableis
thereforecoveredbythisLicense.Section6statestermsfordistributionof
suchexecutables.
Whena"workthatusestheLibrary"usesmaterialfromaheaderfilethatis
partoftheLibrary,theobjectcodefortheworkmaybeaderivativeworkof
theLibraryeventhoughthesourcecodeisnot.Whetherthisistrueis
especiallysignificantiftheworkcanbelinkedwithouttheLibrary,orifthe
workisitselfalibrary.Thethresholdforthistobetrueisnotpreciselydefined
bylaw.
Ifsuchanobjectfileusesonlynumericalparameters,datastructurelayouts
andaccessors,andsmallmacrosandsmallinlinefunctions(tenlinesorlessin
length),thentheuseoftheobjectfileisunrestricted,regardlessofwhetherit
islegallyaderivativework.(Executablescontainingthisobjectcodeplus
portionsoftheLibrarywillstillfallunderSection6.)
Otherwise,iftheworkisaderivativeoftheLibrary,youmaydistributethe
objectcodefortheworkunderthetermsofSection6.Anyexecutables
containingthatworkalsofallunderSection6,whetherornottheyarelinked
directlywiththeLibraryitself.
6.AsanexceptiontotheSectionsabove,youmayalsocombineorlinka"work
thatusestheLibrary"withtheLibrarytoproduceaworkcontainingportionsof
theLibrary,anddistributethatworkundertermsofyourchoice,providedthat
thetermspermitmodificationoftheworkforthecustomer'sownuseand
reverseengineeringfordebuggingsuchmodifications.
YoumustgiveprominentnoticewitheachcopyoftheworkthattheLibraryis
usedinitandthattheLibraryanditsusearecoveredbythisLicense.Youmust
supplyacopyofthisLicense.Iftheworkduringexecutiondisplayscopyright
notices,youmustincludethecopyrightnoticefortheLibraryamongthem,as
wellasareferencedirectingtheusertothecopyofthisLicense.Also,you
mustdooneofthesethings:
a)Accompanytheworkwiththecompletecorrespondingmachine
readablesourcecodefortheLibraryincludingwhateverchangeswere
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usedinthework(whichmustbedistributedunderSections1and2
above);and,iftheworkisanexecutablelinkedwiththeLibrary,withthe
completemachinereadable"workthatusestheLibrary",asobjectcode
and/orsourcecode,sothattheusercanmodifytheLibraryandthen
relinktoproduceamodifiedexecutablecontainingthemodifiedLibrary.
(Itisunderstoodthattheuserwhochangesthecontentsofdefinitions
filesintheLibrarywillnotnecessarilybeabletorecompilethe
applicationtousethemodifieddefinitions.)
b)UseasuitablesharedlibrarymechanismforlinkingwiththeLibrary.A
suitablemechanismisonethat(1)usesatruntimeacopyofthelibrary
alreadypresentontheuser'scomputersystem,ratherthancopying
libraryfunctionsintotheexecutable,and(2)willoperateproperlywitha
modifiedversionofthelibrary,iftheuserinstallsone,aslongasthe
modifiedversionisinterfacecompatiblewiththeversionthatthework
wasmadewith.
c)Accompanytheworkwithawrittenoffer,validforatleastthreeyears,
togivethesameuserthematerialsspecifiedinSubsection6a,above,for
achargenomorethanthecostofperformingthisdistribution.
d)Ifdistributionoftheworkismadebyofferingaccesstocopyfroma
designatedplace,offerequivalentaccesstocopytheabovespecified
materialsfromthesameplace.
e)Verifythattheuserhasalreadyreceivedacopyofthesematerialsor
thatyouhavealreadysentthisuseracopy.
Foranexecutable,therequiredformofthe"workthatusestheLibrary"must
includeanydataandutilityprogramsneededforreproducingtheexecutable
fromit.However,asaspecialexception,thematerialstobedistributedneed
notincludeanythingthatisnormallydistributed(ineithersourceorbinary
form)withthemajorcomponents(compiler,kernel,andsoon)ofthe
operatingsystemonwhichtheexecutableruns,unlessthatcomponentitself
accompaniestheexecutable.
Itmayhappenthatthisrequirementcontradictsthelicenserestrictionsof
otherproprietarylibrariesthatdonotnormallyaccompanytheoperating
system.SuchacontradictionmeansyoucannotuseboththemandtheLibrary
togetherinanexecutablethatyoudistribute.
7.YoumayplacelibraryfacilitiesthatareaworkbasedontheLibrarysideby
sideinasinglelibrarytogetherwithotherlibraryfacilitiesnotcoveredbythis
License,anddistributesuchacombinedlibrary,providedthattheseparate
92
distributionoftheworkbasedontheLibraryandoftheotherlibraryfacilitiesis
otherwisepermitted,andprovidedthatyoudothesetwothings:
a)Accompanythecombinedlibrarywithacopyofthesameworkbased
ontheLibrary,uncombinedwithanyotherlibraryfacilities.Thismustbe
distributedunderthetermsoftheSectionsabove.
b)Giveprominentnoticewiththecombinedlibraryofthefactthatpart
ofitisaworkbasedontheLibrary,andexplainingwheretofindthe
accompanyinguncombinedformofthesamework.
8.Youmaynotcopy,modify,sublicense,linkwith,ordistributetheLibrary
exceptasexpresslyprovidedunderthisLicense.Anyattemptotherwiseto
copy,modify,sublicense,linkwith,ordistributetheLibraryisvoid,andwill
automaticallyterminateyourrightsunderthisLicense.However,partieswho
havereceivedcopies,orrights,fromyouunderthisLicensewillnothavetheir
licensesterminatedsolongassuchpartiesremaininfullcompliance.
9.YouarenotrequiredtoacceptthisLicense,sinceyouhavenotsignedit.
However,nothingelsegrantsyoupermissiontomodifyordistributethe
Libraryoritsderivativeworks.Theseactionsareprohibitedbylawifyoudo
notacceptthisLicense.Therefore,bymodifyingordistributingtheLibrary(or
anyworkbasedontheLibrary),youindicateyouracceptanceofthisLicenseto
doso,andallitstermsandconditionsforcopying,distributingormodifyingthe
Libraryorworksbasedonit.
10.EachtimeyouredistributetheLibrary(oranyworkbasedontheLibrary),
therecipientautomaticallyreceivesalicensefromtheoriginallicensortocopy,
distribute,linkwithormodifytheLibrarysubjecttothesetermsand
conditions.Youmaynotimposeanyfurtherrestrictionsontherecipients'
exerciseoftherightsgrantedherein.Youarenotresponsibleforenforcing
compliancebythirdpartieswiththisLicense.
11.If,asaconsequenceofacourtjudgmentorallegationofpatent
infringementorforanyotherreason(notlimitedtopatentissues),conditions
areimposedonyou(whetherbycourtorder,agreementorotherwise)that
contradicttheconditionsofthisLicense,theydonotexcuseyoufromthe
conditionsofthisLicense.Ifyoucannotdistributesoastosatisfy
simultaneouslyyourobligationsunderthisLicenseandanyotherpertinent
obligations,thenasaconsequenceyoumaynotdistributetheLibraryatall.
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Forexample,ifapatentlicensewouldnotpermitroyaltyfreeredistributionof
theLibrarybyallthosewhoreceivecopiesdirectlyorindirectlythroughyou,
thentheonlywayyoucouldsatisfybothitandthisLicensewouldbetorefrain
entirelyfromdistributionoftheLibrary.
Ifanyportionofthissectionisheldinvalidorunenforceableunderany
particularcircumstance,thebalanceofthesectionisintendedtoapply,and
thesectionasawholeisintendedtoapplyinothercircumstances.
Itisnotthepurposeofthissectiontoinduceyoutoinfringeanypatentsor
otherpropertyrightclaimsortocontestvalidityofanysuchclaims;thissection
hasthesolepurposeofprotectingtheintegrityofthefreesoftware
distributionsystemwhichisimplementedbypubliclicensepractices.Many
peoplehavemadegenerouscontributionstothewiderangeofsoftware
distributedthroughthatsysteminrelianceonconsistentapplicationofthat
system;itisuptotheauthor/donortodecideifheorsheiswillingtodistribute
softwarethroughanyothersystemandalicenseecannotimposethatchoice.
Thissectionisintendedtomakethoroughlyclearwhatisbelievedtobea
consequenceoftherestofthisLicense.
12.Ifthedistributionand/oruseoftheLibraryisrestrictedincertaincountries
eitherbypatentsorbycopyrightedinterfaces,theoriginalcopyrightholder
whoplacestheLibraryunderthisLicensemayaddanexplicitgeographical
distributionlimitationexcludingthosecountries,sothatdistributionis
permittedonlyinoramongcountriesnotthusexcluded.Insuchcase,this
LicenseincorporatesthelimitationasifwritteninthebodyofthisLicense.
13.TheFreeSoftwareFoundationmaypublishrevisedand/ornewversionsof
theLesserGeneralPublicLicensefromtimetotime.Suchnewversionswillbe
similarinspirittothepresentversion,butmaydifferindetailtoaddressnew
problemsorconcerns.
Eachversionisgivenadistinguishingversionnumber.IftheLibraryspecifiesa
versionnumberofthisLicensewhichappliestoitand"anylaterversion",you
havetheoptionoffollowingthetermsandconditionseitherofthatversionor
ofanylaterversionpublishedbytheFreeSoftwareFoundation.IftheLibrary
doesnotspecifyalicenseversionnumber,youmaychooseanyversionever
publishedbytheFreeSoftwareFoundation.
14.IfyouwishtoincorporatepartsoftheLibraryintootherfreeprograms
whosedistributionconditionsareincompatiblewiththese,writetotheauthor
94
toaskforpermission.ForsoftwarewhichiscopyrightedbytheFreeSoftware
Foundation,writetotheFreeSoftwareFoundation;wesometimesmake
exceptionsforthis.Ourdecisionwillbeguidedbythetwogoalsofpreserving
thefreestatusofallderivativesofourfreesoftwareandofpromotingthe
sharingandreuseofsoftwaregenerally.
NOWARRANTY
15.BECAUSETHELIBRARYISLICENSEDFREEOFCHARGE,THEREISNO
WARRANTYFORTHELIBRARY,TOTHEEXTENTPERMITTEDBYAPPLICABLE
LAW.EXCEPTWHENOTHERWISESTATEDINWRITINGTHECOPYRIGHT
HOLDERSAND/OROTHERPARTIESPROVIDETHELIBRARY"ASIS"WITHOUT
WARRANTYOFANYKIND,EITHEREXPRESSEDORIMPLIED,INCLUDING,BUT
NOTLIMITEDTO,THEIMPLIEDWARRANTIESOFMERCHANTABILITYAND
FITNESSFORAPARTICULARPURPOSE.THEENTIRERISKASTOTHEQUALITY
ANDPERFORMANCEOFTHELIBRARYISWITHYOU.SHOULDTHELIBRARY
PROVEDEFECTIVE,YOUASSUMETHECOSTOFALLNECESSARYSERVICING,
REPAIRORCORRECTION.
16.INNOEVENTUNLESSREQUIREDBYAPPLICABLELAWORAGREEDTOIN
WRITINGWILLANYCOPYRIGHTHOLDER,ORANYOTHERPARTYWHOMAY
MODIFYAND/ORREDISTRIBUTETHELIBRARYASPERMITTEDABOVE,BELIABLE
TOYOUFORDAMAGES,INCLUDINGANYGENERAL,SPECIAL,INCIDENTALOR
CONSEQUENTIALDAMAGESARISINGOUTOFTHEUSEORINABILITYTOUSE
THELIBRARY(INCLUDINGBUTNOTLIMITEDTOLOSSOFDATAORDATABEING
RENDEREDINACCURATEORLOSSESSUSTAINEDBYYOUORTHIRDPARTIESOR
AFAILUREOFTHELIBRARYTOOPERATEWITHANYOTHERSOFTWARE),EVEN
IFSUCHHOLDEROROTHERPARTYHASBEENADVISEDOFTHEPOSSIBILITYOF
SUCHDAMAGES.
ENDOFTERMSANDCONDITIONS
HowtoApplyTheseTermstoYourNewLibraries
Ifyoudevelopanewlibrary,andyouwantittobeofthegreatestpossibleuse
tothepublic,werecommendmakingitfreesoftwarethateveryonecan
redistributeandchange.Youcandosobypermittingredistributionunder
theseterms(or,alternatively,underthetermsoftheordinaryGeneralPublic
License).
Legal Information
95
Toapplytheseterms,attachthefollowingnoticestothelibrary.Itissafestto
attachthemtothestartofeachsourcefiletomosteffectivelyconveythe
exclusionofwarranty;andeachfileshouldhaveatleastthe"copyright"line
andapointertowherethefullnoticeisfound.
<onelinetogivethelibrary'snameandabriefideaofwhatitdoes.>Copyright
(C)<year><nameofauthor>
Thislibraryisfreesoftware;youcanredistributeitand/ormodifyitunderthe
termsoftheGNULesserGeneralPublicLicenseaspublishedbytheFree
SoftwareFoundation;eitherversion2.1oftheLicense,or(atyouroption)any
laterversion.
Thislibraryisdistributedinthehopethatitwillbeuseful,butWITHOUTANY
WARRANTY;withouteventheimpliedwarrantyofMERCHANTABILITYor
FITNESSFORAPARTICULARPURPOSE.SeetheGNULesserGeneralPublic
Licenseformoredetails.
YoushouldhavereceivedacopyoftheGNULesserGeneralPublicLicensealong
withthislibrary;ifnot,writetotheFreeSoftwareFoundation,Inc.,51Franklin
Street,FifthFloor,Boston,MA021101301USA
Alsoaddinformationonhowtocontactyoubyelectronicandpapermail.You
shouldalsogetyouremployer(ifyouworkasaprogrammer)oryourschool,if
any,tosigna"copyrightdisclaimer"forthelibrary,ifnecessary.Hereisa
sample;alterthenames:
Yoyodyne,Inc.,herebydisclaimsallcopyrightinterestinthelibrary`Frob'(a
libraryfortweakingknobs)writtenbyJamesRandomHacker.
<signatureofTyCoon>,1April1990
TyCoon,PresidentofVice
That'sallthereistoit!

96
GNU - General Public License
Version2,June1991
Copyright(C)1989,1991FreeSoftwareFoundation,Inc.,51FranklinStreet,
FifthFloor,Boston,MA021101301USAEveryoneispermittedtocopyand
distributeverbatimcopiesofthislicensedocument,butchangingitisnot
allowed.
Preamble
Thelicensesformostsoftwarearedesignedtotakeawayyourfreedomto
shareandchangeit.Bycontrast,theGNUGeneralPublicLicenseisintendedto
guaranteeyourfreedomtoshareandchangefreesoftwaretomakesurethe
softwareisfreeforallitsusers.ThisGeneralPublicLicenseappliestomostof
theFreeSoftwareFoundation'ssoftwareandtoanyotherprogramwhose
authorscommittousingit.(SomeotherFreeSoftwareFoundationsoftwareis
coveredbytheGNULesserGeneralPublicLicenseinstead.)Youcanapplyitto
yourprograms,too.
Whenwespeakoffreesoftware,wearereferringtofreedom,notprice.Our
GeneralPublicLicensesaredesignedtomakesurethatyouhavethefreedom
todistributecopiesoffreesoftware(andchargeforthisserviceifyouwish),
thatyoureceivesourcecodeorcangetitifyouwantit,thatyoucanchange
thesoftwareorusepiecesofitinnewfreeprograms;andthatyouknowyou
candothesethings.
Toprotectyourrights,weneedtomakerestrictionsthatforbidanyonetodeny
youtheserightsortoaskyoutosurrendertherights.Theserestrictions
translatetocertainresponsibilitiesforyouifyoudistributecopiesofthe
software,orifyoumodifyit.
Forexample,ifyoudistributecopiesofsuchaprogram,whethergratisorfora
fee,youmustgivetherecipientsalltherightsthatyouhave.Youmustmake
surethatthey,too,receiveorcangetthesourcecode.Andyoumustshow
themthesetermssotheyknowtheirrights.
Weprotectyourrightswithtwosteps:(1)copyrightthesoftware,and(2)offer
youthislicensewhichgivesyoulegalpermissiontocopy,distributeand/or
modifythesoftware.
Also,foreachauthor'sprotectionandours,wewanttomakecertainthat
everyoneunderstandsthatthereisnowarrantyforthisfreesoftware.Ifthe
softwareismodifiedbysomeoneelseandpassedon,wewantitsrecipientsto
knowthatwhattheyhaveisnottheoriginal,sothatanyproblemsintroduced
byotherswillnotreflectontheoriginalauthors'reputations.
Legal Information
97
Finally,anyfreeprogramisthreatenedconstantlybysoftwarepatents.We
wishtoavoidthedangerthatredistributorsofafreeprogramwillindividually
obtainpatentlicenses,ineffectmakingtheprogramproprietary.Toprevent
this,wehavemadeitclearthatanypatentmustbelicensedforeveryone'sfree
useornotlicensedatall.
Theprecisetermsandconditionsforcopying,distributionandmodification
follow.
GNUGENERALPUBLICLICENSE
TERMSANDCONDITIONSFORCOPYING,DISTRIBUTIONANDMODIFICATION
0.ThisLicenseappliestoanyprogramorotherworkwhichcontainsanotice
placedbythecopyrightholdersayingitmaybedistributedunderthetermsof
thisGeneralPublicLicense.The"Program",below,referstoanysuchprogram
orwork,anda"workbasedontheProgram"meanseithertheProgramorany
derivativeworkundercopyrightlaw:thatistosay,aworkcontainingthe
Programoraportionofit,eitherverbatimorwithmodificationsand/or
translatedintoanotherlanguage.(Hereinafter,translationisincludedwithout
limitationintheterm"modification".)Eachlicenseeisaddressedas"you".
Activitiesotherthancopying,distributionandmodificationarenotcoveredby
thisLicense;theyareoutsideitsscope.TheactofrunningtheProgramisnot
restricted,andtheoutputfromtheProgramiscoveredonlyifitscontents
constituteaworkbasedontheProgram(independentofhavingbeenmadeby
runningtheProgram).WhetherthatistruedependsonwhattheProgram
does.
1.YoumaycopyanddistributeverbatimcopiesoftheProgram'ssourcecode
asyoureceiveit,inanymedium,providedthatyouconspicuouslyand
appropriatelypublishoneachcopyanappropriatecopyrightnoticeand
disclaimerofwarranty;keepintactallthenoticesthatrefertothisLicenseand
totheabsenceofanywarranty;andgiveanyotherrecipientsofthePrograma
copyofthisLicensealongwiththeProgram.Youmaychargeafeeforthe
physicalactoftransferringacopy,andyoumayatyouroptionofferwarranty
protectioninexchangeforafee.
2.YoumaymodifyyourcopyorcopiesoftheProgramoranyportionofit,thus
formingaworkbasedontheProgram,andcopyanddistributesuch
98
modificationsorworkunderthetermsofSection1above,providedthatyou
alsomeetalloftheseconditions:
a)Youmustcausethemodifiedfilestocarryprominentnoticesstating
thatyouchangedthefilesandthedateofanychange.
b)Youmustcauseanyworkthatyoudistributeorpublish,thatinwhole
orinpartcontainsorisderivedfromtheProgramoranypartthereof,to
belicensedasawholeatnochargetoallthirdpartiesunderthetermsof
thisLicense.
c)Ifthemodifiedprogramnormallyreadscommandsinteractivelywhen
run,youmustcauseit,whenstartedrunningforsuchinteractiveusein
themostordinaryway,toprintordisplayanannouncementincludingan
appropriatecopyrightnoticeandanoticethatthereisnowarranty(or
else,sayingthatyouprovideawarranty)andthatusersmayredistribute
theprogramundertheseconditions,andtellingtheuserhowtoviewa
copyofthisLicense.(Exception:iftheProgramitselfisinteractivebut
doesnotnormallyprintsuchanannouncement,yourworkbasedonthe
Programisnotrequiredtoprintanannouncement.)
Theserequirementsapplytothemodifiedworkasawhole.Ifidentifiable
sectionsofthatworkarenotderivedfromtheProgram,andcanbereasonably
consideredindependentandseparateworksinthemselves,thenthisLicense,
anditsterms,donotapplytothosesectionswhenyoudistributethemas
separateworks.Butwhenyoudistributethesamesectionsaspartofawhole
whichisaworkbasedontheProgram,thedistributionofthewholemustbe
onthetermsofthisLicense,whosepermissionsforotherlicenseesextendto
theentirewhole,andthustoeachandeverypartregardlessofwhowroteit.
Thus,itisnottheintentofthissectiontoclaimrightsorcontestyourrightsto
workwrittenentirelybyyou;rather,theintentistoexercisetherightto
controlthedistributionofderivativeorcollectiveworksbasedontheProgram.
Inaddition,mereaggregationofanotherworknotbasedontheProgramwith
theProgram(orwithaworkbasedontheProgram)onavolumeofastorageor
distributionmediumdoesnotbringtheotherworkunderthescopeofthis
License.
3.YoumaycopyanddistributetheProgram(oraworkbasedonit,under
Section2)inobjectcodeorexecutableformunderthetermsofSections1and
2aboveprovidedthatyoualsodooneofthefollowing:
Legal Information
99
a)Accompanyitwiththecompletecorrespondingmachinereadable
sourcecode,whichmustbedistributedunderthetermsofSections1
and2aboveonamediumcustomarilyusedforsoftwareinterchange;or,
b)Accompanyitwithawrittenoffer,validforatleastthreeyears,togive
anythirdparty,forachargenomorethanyourcostofphysically
performingsourcedistribution,acompletemachinereadablecopyof
thecorrespondingsourcecode,tobedistributedunderthetermsof
Sections1and2aboveonamediumcustomarilyusedforsoftware
interchange;or,
c)Accompanyitwiththeinformationyoureceivedastotheofferto
distributecorrespondingsourcecode.(Thisalternativeisallowedonly
fornoncommercialdistributionandonlyifyoureceivedtheprogramin
objectcodeorexecutableformwithsuchanoffer,inaccordwith
Subsectionbabove.)
Thesourcecodeforaworkmeansthepreferredformoftheworkformaking
modificationstoit.Foranexecutablework,completesourcecodemeansall
thesourcecodeforallmodulesitcontains,plusanyassociatedinterface
definitionfiles,plusthescriptsusedtocontrolcompilationandinstallationof
theexecutable.However,asaspecialexception,thesourcecodedistributed
neednotincludeanythingthatisnormallydistributed(ineithersourceor
binaryform)withthemajorcomponents(compiler,kernel,andsoon)ofthe
operatingsystemonwhichtheexecutableruns,unlessthatcomponentitself
accompaniestheexecutable.
Ifdistributionofexecutableorobjectcodeismadebyofferingaccesstocopy
fromadesignatedplace,thenofferingequivalentaccesstocopythesource
codefromthesameplacecountsasdistributionofthesourcecode,even
thoughthirdpartiesarenotcompelledtocopythesourcealongwiththeobject
code.
4.Youmaynotcopy,modify,sublicense,ordistributetheProgramexceptas
expresslyprovidedunderthisLicense.Anyattemptotherwisetocopy,modify,
sublicenseordistributetheProgramisvoid,andwillautomaticallyterminate
yourrightsunderthisLicense.However,partieswhohavereceivedcopies,or
rights,fromyouunderthisLicensewillnothavetheirlicensesterminatedso
longassuchpartiesremaininfullcompliance.
5.YouarenotrequiredtoacceptthisLicense,sinceyouhavenotsignedit.
However,nothingelsegrantsyoupermissiontomodifyordistributethe
Programoritsderivativeworks.Theseactionsareprohibitedbylawifyoudo
100
notacceptthisLicense.Therefore,bymodifyingordistributingtheProgram
(oranyworkbasedontheProgram),youindicateyouracceptanceofthis
Licensetodoso,andallitstermsandconditionsforcopying,distributingor
modifyingtheProgramorworksbasedonit.
6.EachtimeyouredistributetheProgram(oranyworkbasedontheProgram),
therecipientautomaticallyreceivesalicensefromtheoriginallicensortocopy,
distributeormodifytheProgramsubjecttothesetermsandconditions.You
maynotimposeanyfurtherrestrictionsontherecipients'exerciseoftherights
grantedherein.Youarenotresponsibleforenforcingcompliancebythird
partiestothisLicense.
7.If,asaconsequenceofacourtjudgmentorallegationofpatentinfringement
orforanyotherreason(notlimitedtopatentissues),conditionsareimposed
onyou(whetherbycourtorder,agreementorotherwise)thatcontradictthe
conditionsofthisLicense,theydonotexcuseyoufromtheconditionsofthis
License.Ifyoucannotdistributesoastosatisfysimultaneouslyyour
obligationsunderthisLicenseandanyotherpertinentobligations,thenasa
consequenceyoumaynotdistributetheProgramatall.Forexample,ifa
patentlicensewouldnotpermitroyaltyfreeredistributionoftheProgramby
allthosewhoreceivecopiesdirectlyorindirectlythroughyou,thentheonly
wayyoucouldsatisfybothitandthisLicensewouldbetorefrainentirelyfrom
distributionoftheProgram.
Ifanyportionofthissectionisheldinvalidorunenforceableunderany
particularcircumstance,thebalanceofthesectionisintendedtoapplyandthe
sectionasawholeisintendedtoapplyinothercircumstances.
Itisnotthepurposeofthissectiontoinduceyoutoinfringeanypatentsor
otherpropertyrightclaimsortocontestvalidityofanysuchclaims;thissection
hasthesolepurposeofprotectingtheintegrityofthefreesoftware
distributionsystem,whichisimplementedbypubliclicensepractices.Many
peoplehavemadegenerouscontributionstothewiderangeofsoftware
distributedthroughthatsysteminrelianceonconsistentapplicationofthat
system;itisuptotheauthor/donortodecideifheorsheiswillingtodistribute
softwarethroughanyothersystemandalicenseecannotimposethatchoice.
Thissectionisintendedtomakethoroughlyclearwhatisbelievedtobea
consequenceoftherestofthisLicense.
Legal Information
101
8.Ifthedistributionand/oruseoftheProgramisrestrictedincertaincountries
eitherbypatentsorbycopyrightedinterfaces,theoriginalcopyrightholder
whoplacestheProgramunderthisLicensemayaddanexplicitgeographical
distributionlimitationexcludingthosecountries,sothatdistributionis
permittedonlyinoramongcountriesnotthusexcluded.Insuchcase,this
LicenseincorporatesthelimitationasifwritteninthebodyofthisLicense.
9.TheFreeSoftwareFoundationmaypublishrevisedand/ornewversionsof
theGeneralPublicLicensefromtimetotime.Suchnewversionswillbesimilar
inspirittothepresentversion,butmaydifferindetailto
addressnewproblemsorconcerns.
Eachversionisgivenadistinguishingversionnumber.IftheProgramspecifies
aversionnumberofthisLicensewhichappliestoitand"anylaterversion",you
havetheoptionoffollowingthetermsandconditionseitherofthatversionor
ofanylaterversionpublishedbytheFreeSoftwareFoundation.IftheProgram
doesnotspecifyaversionnumberofthisLicense,youmaychooseanyversion
everpublishedbytheFreeSoftwareFoundation.
10.IfyouwishtoincorporatepartsoftheProgramintootherfreeprograms
whosedistributionconditionsaredifferent,writetotheauthortoaskfor
permission.ForsoftwarewhichiscopyrightedbytheFreeSoftware
Foundation,writetotheFreeSoftwareFoundation;wesometimesmake
exceptionsforthis.Ourdecisionwillbeguidedbythetwogoalsofpreserving
thefreestatusofallderivativesofourfreesoftwareandofpromotingthe
sharingandreuseofsoftwaregenerally.
NOWARRANTY
11.BECAUSETHEPROGRAMISLICENSEDFREEOFCHARGE,THEREISNO
WARRANTYFORTHEPROGRAM,TOTHEEXTENTPERMITTEDBYAPPLICABLE
LAW.EXCEPTWHENOTHERWISESTATEDINWRITINGTHECOPYRIGHT
HOLDERSAND/OROTHERPARTIESPROVIDETHEPROGRAM"ASIS"WITHOUT
WARRANTYOFANYKIND,EITHEREXPRESSEDORIMPLIED,INCLUDING,BUT
NOTLIMITEDTO,THEIMPLIEDWARRANTIESOFMERCHANTABILITYAND
FITNESSFORAPARTICULARPURPOSE.THEENTIRERISKASTOTHEQUALITY
ANDPERFORMANCEOFTHEPROGRAMISWITHYOU.SHOULDTHEPROGRAM
PROVEDEFECTIVE,YOUASSUMETHECOSTOFALLNECESSARYSERVICING,
REPAIRORCORRECTION.

102
12.INNOEVENTUNLESSREQUIREDBYAPPLICABLELAWORAGREEDTOIN
WRITINGWILLANYCOPYRIGHTHOLDER,ORANYOTHERPARTYWHOMAY
MODIFYAND/ORREDISTRIBUTETHEPROGRAMASPERMITTEDABOVE,BE
LIABLETOYOUFORDAMAGES,INCLUDINGANYGENERAL,SPECIAL,
INCIDENTALORCONSEQUENTIALDAMAGESARISINGOUTOFTHEUSEOR
INABILITYTOUSETHEPROGRAM(INCLUDINGBUTNOTLIMITEDTOLOSSOF
DATAORDATABEINGRENDEREDINACCURATEORLOSSESSUSTAINEDBYYOU
ORTHIRDPARTIESORAFAILUREOFTHEPROGRAMTOOPERATEWITHANY
OTHERPROGRAMS),EVENIFSUCHHOLDEROROTHERPARTYHASBEEN
ADVISEDOFTHEPOSSIBILITYOFSUCHDAMAGES.
ENDOFTERMSANDCONDITIONS
HowtoApplyTheseTermstoYourNewPrograms
Ifyoudevelopanewprogram,andyouwantittobeofthegreatestpossible
usetothepublic,thebestwaytoachievethisistomakeitfreesoftwarewhich
everyonecanredistributeandchangeundertheseterms.
Todoso,attachthefollowingnoticestotheprogram.Itissafesttoattach
themtothestartofeachsourcefiletomosteffectivelyconveytheexclusionof
warranty;andeachfileshouldhaveatleastthe"copyright"lineandapointer
towherethefullnoticeisfound.
<onelinetogivetheprogram'snameandabriefideaofwhatitdoes.>
Copyright(C)<year><nameofauthor>
Thisprogramisfreesoftware;youcanredistributeitand/ormodifyitunderthe
termsoftheGNUGeneralPublicLicenseaspublishedbytheFreeSoftware
Foundation;eitherversion2oftheLicense,or(atyouroption)anylaterversion.
Thisprogramisdistributedinthehopethatitwillbeuseful,butWITHOUTANY
WARRANTY;withouteventheimpliedwarrantyofMERCHANTABILITYor
FITNESSFORAPARTICULARPURPOSE.SeetheGNUGeneralPublicLicensefor
moredetails.
YoushouldhavereceivedacopyoftheGNUGeneralPublicLicensealongwith
thisprogram;ifnot,writetotheFreeSoftwareFoundation,Inc.,51Franklin
Street,FifthFloor,Boston,MA021101301USA.
Alsoaddinformationonhowtocontactyoubyelectronicandpapermail.
Iftheprogramisinteractive,makeitoutputashortnoticelikethiswhenit
startsinaninteractivemode:
Gnomovisionversion69,Copyright(C)yearnameofauthor
Legal Information
103
GnomovisioncomeswithABSOLUTELYNOWARRANTY;fordetailstype`show
w'.
Thisisfreesoftware,andyouarewelcometoredistributeitundercertain
conditions;type`showc'fordetails.
Thehypotheticalcommands`showw'and`showc'shouldshowthe
appropriatepartsoftheGeneralPublicLicense.Ofcourse,thecommandsyou
usemaybecalledsomethingotherthan`showw'and`showc';theycould
evenbemouseclicksormenuitemswhateversuitsyourprogram.
Youshouldalsogetyouremployer(ifyouworkasaprogrammer)oryour
school,ifany,tosigna"copyrightdisclaimer"fortheprogram,ifnecessary.
Hereisasample;alterthenames:
Yoyodyne,Inc.,herebydisclaimsallcopyrightinterestintheprogram
`Gnomovision'(whichmakespassesatcompilers)writtenbyJamesHacker.
<signatureofTyCoon>,1April1989
TyCoon,PresidentofVice
ThisGeneralPublicLicensedoesnotpermitincorporatingyourprograminto
proprietaryprograms.Ifyourprogramisasubroutinelibrary,youmay
consideritmoreusefultopermitlinkingproprietaryapplicationswiththe
library.Ifthisiswhatyouwanttodo,usetheGNULesserGeneralPublic
LicenseinsteadofthisLicense.

104
Glossary
#
16:9Format:Alsocalledwidescreen.IsaTVformatwiththewidthtoheight
ratioof16:9.WhenviewedontraditionalTVsetswitha4:3displayarea,part
ofthepictureisblack(blackbarsontopandbottomofthepicture)tomakeit
compatiblewiththetraditionalformat.
4:3Format:IsaTVformatwiththewidthtoheightratioof4:3.Whenviewed
onTVsetswitha16:9displayarea,partofthepictureisblack(blackbarson
theleftandrightsideofthepicture).
A
Ac3:alsoknownasDolbyDigital.Isthecommonversionofadata/audio
compressiontechnologydevelopedbyDolbyLaboratories.Itcontainsuptosix
discretechannelsofsound.Thereforitsupportsmono,stereoand5.1channel
mode.
Aspectratio:Thewidthtoheightratioofonepixel.Somevideoformatsmust
havethisratioinordertodisplaythepictureproperly.Iftheaspectratiois1,
thepixelwillbesquare.Iftheaspectratioisnot1,thepixelwillberectangular.
Whenrectangularpixelsareusedwithoutadjustment,circlesaredisplayedas
ovals.Thisdistortioncanbeeliminatedbyfactoringintheaspectratio.(see
also"Pixel")
ATSC:TheformatofdigitalTVintheUS,SouthKorea,CanadaandMexico.
DefinedbyAdvancedTelevisionSystemCommitee
C
ClearQAM:IsthedigitalTVtransmittedintheUSviathecablenetwork
Client:Asystem(computerorprogram)inanetworkorontheInternetthat
requestsfilesorservices.Thesystem(computerorprogram)thatprovidesthe
Glossary
105
filesorservicesiscalledaserver.Theclientcanrequestadatatransferora
printjobfromtheserver.
ClosedCaptioning:offersthepossibilitytodisplayatextonarunningTV
preview.Thistextisspecificallyintendedforpeoplewhoaredeaforhardof
hearingandusuallycontainsdescriptionsofimportantnondialogaudioas
well.
CoDec:IstheabbreviationofCoder/Decoder.Isadeviceorprogramableto
compressanddecompressdigitaldatastreamslikeforinstancevideodata.
CompositeVideo:Theencodingofcolorandbrightnessinformationintoa
singlesignal.(seealso"SVideo")
Convertion:See"Transcode"
D
Datarate:Thedatarateisalsoknownasthebitrate.Thebitratemeasures
howfastbitsofdatacanbetransferredoveramediuminagivenperiodof
time.Thisrateislistedinbitspersecond(bps).
DTT:AbbreviationofDigitalTerrestrialTelevision.Seealso"DVB"
Deinterlaced:istheprocessofconvertinginterlacedvideo,suchascommon
analogtelevisionsignalsor1080iformatHDTVsignals,intoanoninterlaced
form.(seealso"Field")
DHCP:Abbreviationfor"DynamicHostConfigurationProtocol".Windows
ServersoftwarethatassignsanIPaddresstoeachcomputerinanetwork.(see
also"IPAddress")
DigitalTelevision:Seealso"DVB"or"DTVB".Digitaltelevisiontransmission
standard.Describesthetransmissionofvideo,audioandadditionalinformation
asdigitaldatasignals.
DiSEqC:istheabbreviationofDigitalSatelliteEquipmentControlandisa
specialcommunicationprotocol.Thisprotocolfacilitatesthecommunication
betweenasatellitereceiverandadevicesuchasamultidishswitchorasmall
dishantennarotor.DiSEqCiscommonlyusedtocontrolswitchesandmotors.
106
DivX:isavideocodeccreatedbyDivX,Inc.andispopularduetoitsabilityto
compresslengthyvideosegmentsintosmallsizeswhilemaintainingrelatively
highvisualquality.
DolbyDigital:Isthecommonversionofadata/audiocompressiontechnology
developedbyDolbyLaboratories.Itcontainsuptosixdiscretechannelsof
sound.Thereforitsupportsmono,stereoand5.1channelmode.
DVB:AbbreviationofDigitalVideoBroadcasting.Transmissionstandardfor
digitaltelevision.Classifiedas"DVBC","DVBS",and"DVBT"dependingonthe
transmissionmedium.
DVBC:AbbreviationofDigitalVideoBroadcastingCable.Transmission
standardfordigitaltelevisionviathecablenetwork.(seealso"DVB")
DVBS:AbbreviationofDigitalVideoBroadcastingSatellite.Transmission
standardfordigitaltelevisionviasatellite.(seealso"DVB")
DVBT:AbbreviationofDigitalVideoBroadcastingTerrestrial.Transmission
standardfordigitaltelevisionviaantenna.(seealso"DVB")
E
EAc3:morecommonlyknownas"DolbyDigitalPlus",isanenhancedcoding
systembasedontheAc3codec.Itsupportformoreaudiochannelsandoffers
improvedcodingtechniquestoreducecompressionartifacts.Itisnotbackward
compatiblewithexistingAc3hardware.
EPG:istheAbbreviationofElectronicProgramGuideandisadigitalTVguide
thatoffersyouinformationabouttheTVprogram
Ethernet:Themostcommontypeoflocalareanetwork.Eachnode(computer
orserver)inthenetworkcheckswhetheranyothercomputeristransmitting
data.Itthenwaitsfortheothercomputerstofinishwiththeirtransmissions
beforeitstartsitsowntransmission.(seealso"LAN")
EVR:AbbreviationofEnhancedVideoRenderer.Itisavideorendererand
mixer,partoftheMicrosoftMediaFoundation(MF)multimediaframeworkfor
digitalmediainWindowsVista
Glossary
107
F
FEC:istheAbbreviationofForwardErrorCorrection.FECisasystemoferror
controlfordatatransmission.Thesenderaddsanerrorcorrectioncodetoits
messageswhichallowsthereceivertodetectandcorrecterrors(withinsome
bound)withouttheneedtoaskthesenderforadditionaldata.
Field:Avideoimageconsistsofhorizontallinesdividedintotwofields.Allthe
oddnumberedlinesmakeuponefield;theevennumberedlinesmakeupthe
otherfield.
Firewall:isapartofacomputersystemornetworkthatisdesignedtoblock
unauthorizedaccesswhilepermittingauthorizedcommunications.Firewalls
arefrequentlyusedtopreventunauthorizedInternetusersfromaccessing
privatenetworksconnectedtotheInternet.
Firmware:FirmwareissystemsoftwarestoredinROMorFlashmemory.
Firmwareisnotdeletedwhenthesystemhasbeenturnedoff.
Flashmemory:Rewritablepermanentmemorythatbehaveslikeahybridof
RAMandaharddrive.Flashmemorydoesnotlosedataevenwhenitspower
supplyhasbeenturnedoff.(seealso"RAM")
FM:istheAbbreviationofFrequencyModulation.
H
H.264:isastandardforvideocompression.ItisalsoknownasMPEG4Part10,
MPEG4AVCorMPEG4AVC(H.264)
HD:AbbreviationofHighDefinition.Nameforvideosignalswitharesolution
thatexceedstheStandardDefinition.Typicalexamplesare"720p"(1280x720
progressive)and"1080i"(1920x1080withlineinterlacing).Thetransmissionof
HDsignalsrequirescomponentsordigital(DVI,HDMI)inputs.FBAS,Svideo
andSCARTarenotsuitableforthis.ThecompressionalgorithmsforHDare
extensionstothemethodsusedforSD,forexample,MPEG2HD,MPEG4HD,
andWindowsMediaVideoHD.SinceforHD,substantiallymorepixelsand
thereforemoredataaccumulate,significantlyhigherprocessingpoweris
requiredforcompressionanddecompression.(seealso"SD")
108
HTTP:AbbreviationforHyperTextTransferProtocol.Astandardmechanism
usedontheInternettosharedocumentsbetweenserversandclients.
I
Interlace:AmethodofcreatinganimageusedinPALandothersystems.
Interlacingusesfields.Eachfieldhas3121/2linesthatareinsertedoneafter
another.(seealso"Field")
IPAddress:AbbreviationofInternetProtocol.Everycomputerconnectedtothe
Internetreceivesauniqueidentificationnumberthatconsistsoffoursections.
ThisnumberiscalledanIPaddress.Thisallowsothercomputersinthenetwork
toidentifyit,senddatapacketstoitandtoprocessdatatheyhavereceived
fromit.IPaddressesmakesurethattherightdatapacketsaresenttotheright
recipientviatherightpath.
iPod:IsaportablemediaplayerdesignedandmarketedbyApple.Tothe
productlinebelong:iPodClassic(harddrivebased),theiPodTouch(with
touchscreen),iPodNano(videocapable),andtheiPodShuffle.
L
LAN:AbbreviationofLocalAreaNetwork.Alocalnetworklocatedinabuilding
oroncompanypremisesthatisbasedonprivatetransmissionmediaand
equipment.EthernetandTokenRingarecommonLANtechnologies.
Letterbox:Theletterboxformatiscreatedwhenanimagerecordedin16:9
format(orwider)isdisplayedonanormaltelevision(4:3).Thisformattypically
displaysthepicturebetweenblackbarsonthetopandbottomofthescreen.
Thistermwasprobablyderivedfromthewide,thinformatthatlooksalotlike
theslotofaletterbox.
Glossary
109
M
MPEG:AbbreviationofMotionPicturesExpertsGroup.Videocompression
standard.Therearedifferentformatsfordifferenttypesofcompression,such
asMPEG1,MPEG2,MPEG4etc.
Modulation:istheprocessofconveyingamessagesignal,e.g.aradioorTV
signal,insideanothersignalthatcanbephysicallytransmitted,thesocalled
carrierwave.InradiocommunicationsorcableTVsystems,electricalsignals
canonlybetransferredoveralimitedpassbandfrequencyspectrum.Varying
theamplitude,frequencyorphaseofacarrierwavemakesitpossibletokeep
thefrequencycontentofthetransferredsignalascloseaspossibletothe
centrefrequencyofthepassband.
N
NTSC:AbbreviationofNationalTelevisionStandardsCommittee.Atelevision
standardwith525linesand60fieldspersecondthatisusedinNorthand
CentralAmerica.(seealso"PAL","SECAM","Field")
P
PAL:AbbreviationofPhaseAlternationLine.Televisionstandarddevelopedin
Germanythatuses625linesand50fieldspersecond.ThisisthemainTV
standardinEurope.(seealso"NTSC","SECAM","Field")
PC:AbbreviationofPersonalComputer
PcrPid:istheabbreviationofProgramClockReferencePacketIdentifier.Itisa
valueintheprogrammaptableofanMPEG2programandrepresentsthe
packetidentifier(pid)containingtheprogramclockreference(pcr).The
programclockreferenceenablesadecodertopresentsynchronizedcontent,
meaningtheaudiotrackmatchestheassociatedvideo.
PCTVDevice:see"TVtuner"
PIN:AbbreviationofPersonalIdentificationNumber.APINisasecretcode
comprisingseveraldigitsthatidentifiesagivenuser.
110
Pixel:Alsoknownasa"pictureelement"or"pel".Inavideorecordingdevice
(suchasacamera)oraplaybackdevice(suchasamonitor),apixelisalight
sensitiveorlightemittingsurfacewithaspecifiedheightandwidth.When
storedelectronically,pixelscontainbrightnessandcolorinformationfora
givenimageelement.Theaspectratio,whichalsoplaysakeyroleinvideo
playback,isstoredseparatelyinthefilesforsomedataformats.(seealso
"Aspectratio")
PmtPid:istheabbreviationofProgramMapTablePacketIdentifier.Itisthe
transportstreampacketidentifier(pid)containingtheprogrammaptable
(pmt).Theprogrammaptablesprovideinformationoneachprogrampresent
inthetransportstream,includingtheprogramnumber,andlisttheelementary
streamsthatcomprisethedescribedMPEG2program.
Port:Theendpointofalogicalconnectionwithinanetwork.Theportnumber
indicatesthetypeorthetypeofuseoftheport.Certainportnumbersare
reservedforspecificapplications.Forexample,port80isusedforhttp
communication.
PSP:AbbreviationofPlaystationPortableisahandheldgameconsole
manufacturedandmarketedbySonyComputerEntertainment.Amongothers
therobustmultimediacapabilitiesdistinguishesthishandheldgameconsole
formtheothers.
Q
QAM:AbbreviationofQuadratureAmplitudeModulation.Itisbothananalog
andadigitalmodulationscheme.Thiswaydigitalcablechannelsareencoded
andtransmittedviacabletelevisionprovidersthroughoutNorthAmerica.
R
Router:Routers,alsoknownas"IntermediateSystems(IS)",arelinking
elementsthatinterconnecttwoormoresubnetworks.Inadditiontoactingasa
bridge,routerscanexpandtheboundariesofanetwork(numberofnodes,
physicalextension).Routersalsocontroldatatrafficbynotforwarding
defectivedatapackets.
Glossary
111
Resolution:Describesthedetailanimageholdsandischaracterizedbythe
numberofdistinctpixelsthatcanbedisplayedineachdimension.Referringto
TVwedistinguishbetweenstandarddefinition(SD)andhighdefinition(HD)TV.
S
SVideo:SVideosignalsdeliverbrightnessandcolorinformationseparately
throughseveralcables.Thismeansthatthevideodoesnotneedtobe
modulatedanddemodulatedandimagequalityisnotimpairedasaresult.(see
also"CompositeVideo")
SD:AbbreviationofStandardDefinition.Whenaresolutionconsistsofupto
720x480(NTSC)or720x576(PAL),wearetalkingabout"Standard
Definition".(seealso"HD")
SECAM:AbbreviationofSequentialCouleurMmoire.Acolortelevision
standarddevelopedinFranceandEasternEuropebasedonthePALsystem.
SECAMuses625linesand50fieldspersecond.(seealso"NTSC","PAL","Field")
Server:Acomputeroraprogramthatoffersstorage,datatransferandother
servicesinanetworkorontheInternet.Serversoftenprovideservicesfor
requestors(clients)locatedonothercomputers.
Settopbox:Asettopboxisanadditionaldevicethatreceivesdigitaltelevision
stationsanddata.Itcanbehookeduptoanystandardtelevisionset.
SPDIF:istheabbreviationofSonyPhilipsDigitalInterFace.Itisadatalinklayer
protocolandasetofphysicallayerspecificationsforcarryingdigitalaudio
signalsbetweendevicesandstereocomponentsovereitheropticalorelectrical
cable.SPDIFiscommonlyusedtocarrycompressedoruncompresseddigital
audiosignalstoareceiverthatsupportsDolbyDigitalorDTSsurroundsound.
Streaming:Theactoftransferringcompressedvideoandaudiofilesoverthe
Internet.Streamingdoesnotdownloadallthedataatonce,butdownloadsitin
stagesusingastoreandforwardmethod.Thedatadoesnotarriveasa
continuousfile,butiscachedinthebuffer,whichcancreatedelaysatthestart
oftransmission.Thedatacanbetransmittedliveoritcanbedownloadedlater.
Thecomputerreceivingthedatastreammusthaveaprogram(player)installed
onitthatdecompressesthedata.Playersareusuallyinstalledinbrowserssuch
asInternetExplorer.Thespeedandqualityofthedatadependheavilyonhow
muchbandwidthisavailable.Inordertoensuresmoothplayback,theInternet
112
connectionshouldofferatleast300Kbpsinbandwidth.Therearevariousfile
formatsforaudioandvideostreaming.ThemostpopularformatsareMP3,
RealAudioandWMA.
Subtitle:aretextualversionsofthedialoginfilmsandtelevisionprograms.
Theycaneitherbethewrittentranslationofadialoginaforeignlanguage,ora
writtenrenderingofthedialoginthesamelanguage.Usuallysubtitlesare
displayedatthebottomofthescreen.
T
Transcode:isthedirectdigitaltodigitalconversionofoneencodingto
another.Themostpopularmethodoftranscodingistodecodetheoriginal
datatoanintermediateformat,inawaythatstillcontainsthecontentofthe
original,andthenencodingtheresultingfileintothetargetformat.
TransportStream:isacommunicationsprotocolforaudio,video,anddataand
itisusedinbroadcastapplicationssuchasDVBandATSC.
TV:AbbreviationofTelevision
TVTuner:isacomputercomponentthatallowstelevisionsignalstobe
receivedbyacomputer.MostTVtunersallowyoutorecordtheTVprogram
ontotheharddiskofyourPC.
W
Widescreen:See"16:9format".
WLAN:AbbreviationofWirelessLocalAreaNetwork.(seealso"LAN")

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