Phase Equilibria Content 1. STPM 2011 Objective question 2. STPM 2012 Objective question 3. STPM 2013 Objective question 4. STPM 2014 Objective question * There is no any structured or essay questions between STPM 2011 & STPM 2014 .
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Phase Equilibria ( STPM 2011 ~ 2014 ) All prepared by alextan58@gmail.com STPM 2011 OBJ
Answer : D Explanation : ~ The curve is linear : mixture of A & B forms ideal solution Enthalpy change : zero ( thermally neutral ) ~ A : lower vapour pressure higher boiling point residual liquid ~ B : higher vapour pressure lower boiling point distillate ~ Methanol is more volatile than water Thus , A is water while B is methanol . The higher the volatility of liquids , the lower the vapour pressure of the liquid
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Phase Equilibria ( STPM 2011 ~ 2014 ) All prepared by alextan58@gmail.com STPM 2012
Answer : B Explanation : ~ The curve has maximum boiling point ( for azeotrope ) negative deviation ~ During fractional distillation with composition G : Pure J : lower boiling point distillate Azeotropic mixture , F : higher boiling point residual liquid
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Phase Equilibria ( STPM 2011 ~ 2014 ) All prepared by alextan58@gmail.com STPM 2013 Sem 1
Answer : D Explanation : ~ The curve has minimum boiling point ( for azeotrope ) positive deviation ~ Attractive force in solution ( X-Y ) is weaker than pure liquids ( X-X / Y-Y ) ~At composition Q , azeotropic mixture will be formed and cannot be separated into pure liquids X and Y . ~ Mixture of ethanol and methanol : ideal solution ~ During fractional distillation ( composition P ) : Q ( azeotrope ) : lower boiling point distillate Pure X : higher boiling point residual liquid
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Phase Equilibria ( STPM 2011 ~ 2014 ) All prepared by alextan58@gmail.com STPM 2014 Sem 1
Answer : B Explanation : ~ Boiling point of azetrope : lower than pure liquids minimum boiling point ~ Minimum boiling point positive deviation ~ Ethanol and methylbenzene ( STPM 2014 Sem 1 )
~ During fractional distillation ( 20% ethanol ) : Azeotrope : lower boiling point distillate ( 68% ethanol , 32% toluene ) Pure toluene : higher boiling point residual liquid
Pure ethanol Pure methylbenzene ( toluene ) Solution of toluene and ethanol Type of intermolecular forces Hydrogen bonds