Chemicals:

Mnemonic List For 110 Elements:

1. hydrogenhydraulic
2. heliumhelicopters
3. lithiumlithely
4. berylliumbersekly yielding (bereft yearning laboring light)
5. boronboring (bored onset)
6. carboncargo
. nitrogennitpicking
!. o"ygeno"es
#. fluorineflying
1$. neon%eona&i
11. sodiumsoldiers
12. magnesiummagnificently
13. aluminumaltogether
14. siliconsilly
15. phosphorousphysically
16. sulfursuperior
1. chlorinechi'alrously
1!. argonarguing
1#. potassiumpotentially
2$. calciumcalcultated
21. scandiumscandals (soft candid(frank))
22. titaniumtithing
23. 'anadium'anguards
24. chromiumchronically
25. manganesemandating
26. ironiron
2. cobaltcobbled
2!. nickelniches
2#. coppercopiously
3$. &inc&ig&ag
31. galliumgal'ani&ing
32. germaniumgerman
33. arsenicarsenal
34. seleniumselected
35. brominebra'ely
36. kryptonkilling
3. rubidiumrubbing
3!. strontiumstrength
3#. yttriumyelping
4$. &irconium&ilches
41. niobiumnipping
42. molybdenummolesting
43. technetiumtechnically
44. rutheniumrusty
45. rhodiumrhombused
46. palladiumpaladins
4. sil'ersil'er(plated
4!. cadmiumcada'erous
4#. indiumindigent
5$. tintinkerers
51. antimonyanticipated
52. telluriumtelecommuting
53. iodineiotas
54. "enon"ero"ing
55. cesiumcesspools
56. bariumbaristas
5. lanthanumlanguishing
5!. ceriumceremoniously
5#. praseodymiumprancing
6$. neodymiumneodynamically
61. promethiumpromising
62. samariumsame
63. europiumeuropean
64. gadoliniumgadders
65. terbiumterrific
66. dysprostiumdynastic
6. holmiumhomes
6!. erbiumerected
6#. thuliumthundering
$. ytterbiumyearly
1. lutetiumlutes
2. hafniumhaggling
3. tantalumtantrums
4. tungsten()olfram)tumultuous
5. rheniumrhetoric
6. osmiumostraci&ing
. iridiumiridescent
!. platinumplayers
#. goldgossiping
!$. mercurymerrily
!1. thalliumthankfully
!2. leadleading
!3. bismuthbise"ual
!4. poloniumpolygamy
!5. astatineastutely
!6. radonrascally
!. franciumfreeloading
!!. radiumrailroads
!#. actiniumacting
#$. thoriumthoroughly
#1. protactiniumprotect
#2. uraniumurban
#3. neptuniumnepotism
#4. plutoniumplutocratic
#5. americium*merican
#6. curiumculture
#. berkeliumberating keeping
#!. californiumcalifornian
##. einsteiniumeinsteins
1$$. fermiumfer'ently
1$1. mendele'iummentioning
1$2. nobeliumnobel
1$3. la)rencium((la)s
1$4. rutherfordiumruthlessly
1$5. dubniumdubbing
1$6. seaborgiumsearching
1$. bohriumbohr+s
1$!. hassiumhassled
1$#. meitneriummesiter+s
11$. darmstadtiumdata(dare make stability dies totally)
Elements With Short Definitions And Acrostics:
1. hydrogen: HYDRAULIC : (Heat earning Dar! "adiance #dorless $as
E%tremely &othing' ,tymology- .rench hydrogne, from hydr- ()ater) / -gne
(gen0 from the fact that )ater is generated by its combustion: a nonmetallic
uni'alent element that is the simplest and lightest of the elements1 that is normally
a colorless odorless highly flammable diatomic gas1 that occurs in the free state
only sparsely on the earth and in its atmosphere though abundantly in the sun1
many stars1 and nebulae1 and in combination as a constituent of innumerable
compounds from many of )hich it can be readily prepared (as from )ater by
electrolysis1 from natural gas or other hydrocarbons by reaction )ith steam or by
pyrolysis1 from acids by reaction )ith acti'e metals)1 and that is used chiefly in
synthesis (as of ammonia and methanol)1 in reducing or hydrogenating a 'ariety
of compounds (as in hardening oils to fats)1 as a mi"ture )ith o"ygen or as atomic
hydrogen in producing 'ery high temperatures (as in )elding)1 as li2uid hydrogen
for rocket fuel and in producing 'ery lo) temperatures1 and in filling balloons ((
symbol H0 see 3,45,67481 965:9(:;369<,%1 =*6*(:;369<,%1 >;%5:,>7>
<*>1 5675748
2. heli(m HEL)C#*+E"S: (H(es Erased $as E%tremely Light ,n-hased
&othing' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from <reek h lios sun / %e) ?atin -ium ((
more at >9?*6 : a 'ery light colorless inert gaseous element that is the most
difficult of all gases to li2uefy1 that occurs throughout the uni'erse but in
economically e"tractable amounts only in certain natural gases (as in the 5e"as
panhandle and @ansas)1 and that is used chiefly in inflating airships and balloons1
in arc )elding and other metallurgical and chemical processes as an inert gaseous
shield1 and in diluting o"ygen for breathing (as by patients )ith respiratory
ailments and by di'ers) (( symbol He0 see *?=:* =*657A?,
3. lithi(m LITHELY (Light +(fts Heralded )ill(minated ,nderhands Mania' : a
soft sil'er()hite uni'alent element of the alkali metal group that is the lightest
metal kno)n1 that occurs combined in se'eral minerals (as amblygonite1
spodumene1 lepidolite1 &inn)aldite)1 in many mineral )aters1 and in plant ashes1
that is obtained as the metal by electrolysis of fused lithium chloride1 and that is
used chiefly in nuclear reactions1 in metallurgy for remo'ing gases from molten
metals and making light alloys1 and in the manufacture of lithium compounds ((
symbol Li
4. .erylli(m BERSERKLY YIELDING (/i Electron "otten(.rittle' eilds
La.oring Light(0ray -ermea.le' ,nleashing Metals(alloy and reflector''
,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from <reek b ryllion, diminuti'e of b ryllos beryl ((
more at B,6;? : a steel(gray light strong brittle to"ic bi'alent metallic element
ha'ing high electric conducti'ity and high permeability to C rays that occurs in
combination (as in beryl1 chrysoberyl1 and phenakite)1 that is produced by
reduction of its compounds (as by electrolysis)1 and that is used chiefly as a
hardening agent in alloys (as )ith copper)1 as )indo)s in C(ray tubes1 and as a
moderator and reflector in nuclear reactors (( symbol Be0 called also glucinium
5. .oron BORING (/ro1n2/lac! #3erheata.le "einforces(steel' #3erta!es
&e(trons' ,tymology- bora" / -on (as in carbon)
: a high(melting tri'alent metalloid element that is kno)n both in an e"tremely
hard shiny black crystalline form and in the form of a greenish yello) or bro)n
amorphous po)der1 that occurs in nature only in combination (as in bora" and
boric acid and as a trace element in plants and animals)1 that is usually obtained
by electrolysis of fused potassium fluoborate and potassium chloride or by
thermal reduction of other compounds (as boric o"ide)1 and that is used chiefly in
metallurgy (as for increasing the hardenability of steel) and in nucleonics because
of its high absorption of neutrons (( symbol B
6. car.on CARGO (Coal A-ril(454tetra3alent'
"earrangea.le(gra-hite2diamond' /irthing #rganics &onmetallic'
,tymology- .rench carbone, from ?atin carbon-, carbo ember1 charcoal (( more
at :,*65: 1 : a nonmetallic chiefly tetra'alent element occurring nati'e (as in the
diamond and graphite) and forming a constituent of coal1 petroleum1 and asphalt1
of limestone and other carbonates 1 and of all organic compounds and also
obtained artificially in 'arying degrees of purity especially as carbon black1
lampblack1 acti'ated carbon1 charcoal1 and coke and used in these and other forms
(as baked carbon and resin(impregnated imper'ious carbon and graphite) chiefly
as a pigment1 adsorbent1 fuel1 electrode material1 structural material1 and reducing
agent (as for metal o"ides) (( symbol C: CA"/#& F#,"+EE&6 CA"/#&
+H)"+EE& 7 a : a sheet of carbon paper . : CA"/#& C#* 8 a : a carbon rod
used in an arc lamp . : a plate or piece of carbon used as one of the elements in a
'oltaic cell 5 :
3
A*6B9%*39 9 : CA"/#& +"A&SFE"
. nitrogen NITPICKING (&ested )m-ressi3ely(:;<' +iered
"egion(atmos-here' #dorless $as E%changes &ot' a common nonmetallic
element that in the free form is normally a colorless odorless tasteless insoluble
inert diatomic gas comprising ! percent of the atmosphere by 'olume1 obtained
industrially by fractional distillation of li2uid air1 and used chiefly as an inert
atmosphere (as in industrial processes) and that in the combined form has a )ide
range of 'alences (as from (3 in ammonia to /5 in nitric acid and nitrates ) and is
a constituent of biologically important compounds (as proteins1 nucleic acids1
alkaloids) and hence of all li'ing cells as )ell as of industrially important
substances (as cyanides1 fertili&ers1 dyes1 antibiotics) (( symbol N0 %7569<,%
A;A?,1 %7569<,% .7C*579%
!. o%ygen OXEN (#dorless 0eno-hile(foreign going' earning $as Energy
&ot(nonflamma.le'' : a nonmetallic chiefly bi'alent element that is normaly a
colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas slightly soluble in )ater1
that is the most abundant of the elements on earth occurring uncombined in air to
the e"tent of about 21 percent by 'olume and combined in )ater1 in most common
rocks and minerals (as o"ides1 silicates1 carbonates)1 and in a great 'ariety of
organic compounds (as alcohols1 acid1 fats1 carbohydrates1 proteins)1 that has three
naturally occurring nonradioacti'e isotopes of masses 161 11 and 1! of relati'e
abundance 24#4-1-51 that is obtained industrially from li2uid air by distilling off
the nitrogen or from )ater by electrolysis or in the laboratory by decomposition
by heat of 'arious1 o"ides1 pero"ides1 or salts (as chlorates or permanganates)1 that
combines )ith all other elements e"cept those of the group of inert gases1 and that
is used chiefly in o"yacetylene and o"yhydrogen flames in )elding and cutting
metals1 in making steel and in other metallurgical processes1 in making glass1 in
the chemical industry (as in producing synthesis gas)1 in medicine1 a'iation1 and
di'ing to aid respiration1 and usually in the form of air in many combustion and
o"idation processes (( symbol O0 see ?7D473 9C;<,%1 9E9%,
#. fl(orine FLYING (FLoating(gas' ,ndesira.le(to%ic' #3er "eacti3e(most
-o1erf(l o%idi=er' )nflaming &ormal Energy': a nonmetallic uni'alent element
belonging to the halogens that is normally a pale yello)ish flammable irritating
to"ic gas1 that is one of the most po)erful o"idi&ing agents kno)n1 attacking
)ater1 most metals1 and organic compounds1 that occurs naturally only in
combination in the form of minerals (as fluorite 1 cryolite1 or fluorapatite ) and in
small amounts in se'eral other minerals1 in mineral )aters1 and in bones and
teeth1 that is best isolated by electrolysis of a molten mi"ture of hydrogen fluoride
and potassium fluoride 1 and that is used chiefly in making fluorine compounds ((
symbol F
1$. neon NEONAZI (&onreacti3e(inert' Electricity #range &egligi.ly2&ested (in
atmos-here'' ,tymology- <reek1 neuter of neos ne) (( more at %,F 1 : a
colorless odorless inert gaseous element that occurs in air to the e"tent of about
t)o thousandths of a percent by 'olume1 is obtained by separating from li2uid air1
gi'es a reddish glo) in a 'acuum tube1 and is used in electric lamps (( symbol Ne
11. sodi(m SOLDIERS (S#ft Dashing )ll(minated ,nleashing Metallic(lo1
melting -oint2cond(cti3ity'' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from ,nglish soda / %e)
?atin ium : a sil'er )hite soft )a"y ductile metallic element of the alkali metal
group that has a lo) melting point and density and high electrical and thermal
conducti'ity1 that occurs abundantly in nature in combined form (as rock salt1
Ahile saltpeter1 trona1 bora"1 glauberite1 albite)1 in soils1 in the sea and other salt
)aters1 in most plants1 and in the animal body especially in the fluids1 that is
usually prepared by electrolysis of a mi"ture of fused sodium chloride and
calcium chloride1 that is 'ery acti'e chemically and o"idi&es and tarnishes readily
in air and burns )ith a yello) flame1 that reacts 'iolently )ith )ater to form
sodium hydro"ide and spontaneously ignitable hydrogen1 that is stored under
kerosene1 other inert hydrocarbon li2uid1 or in tight containers protected from
moisture and air1 and that is used sometimes in the form of its amalgam or other
alloys or in dispersions in hydrocarbon li2uids in making tetraethyl lead and
'arious sodium compounds (as sodium cyanide1 sodium hydride1 sodium
pero"ide)1 in organic synthesis (as in reducing esters to alcohols for making
detergents)1 in metallurgy especially for remo'ing o"ygen or 'arious impurities1
in sodium('apor lamps1 and as a heat(transfer agent especially in cooling 'al'es
for internal(combustion engines (( symbol Na0 compare 6*379>93748
12. magnesi(m MAGNIFICENTLY (Magnificent Energetic Scorching
)ll(minated ,sef(l Metal': a sil'er()hite light malleable ductile bi'alent
metallic element that occurs abundantly in nature but al)ays in combination in
minerals (as magnesite 1 dolomite1 carnallite1 oli'ine1 spinel)1 in sea and mineral
)aters1 and in animals and plants (as in bones and seeds and in the form of
chlorophyll in the green parts of plants)1 that is obtained chiefly by electrolysis of
fused salts containing magnesium chloride or by thermal reduction of magnesia1
that is used in unalloyed form in metallurgical and chemical processes and also
(as in the form of po)der1 flakes1 or ribbons) in photography1 signaling1 and
pyrotechny because of the intense )hite light it produces on burning to form
magnesia1 and that is used structurally especially in the form of light alloys (as in
airplanes) (( symbol Mg0 compare *?@*?7%,(,*65: 8,5*?
13. al(min(m ALTOGETHER (Alight ,nleashed Metallic )gnores &eedling
,ltimate Metal' 1 : a bluish sil'er()hite tri'alent metallic element1 'ery
malleable1 ductile1 and sonorous and noted for its lightness1 good electrical and
thermal conducti'ity1 high reflecti'ity1 and resistance to o"idation1 that is the most
abundant metal in the earthGs crust1 of )hich it forms o'er se'en percent1 al)ays
occurring in combination (as in bau"ite1 cryolite1 corundum1 alunite1 diaspore1
tur2uoise1 spinel1 kaolin1 feldspar1 mica)1 that is manufactured by electrolysis of a
solution of alumina in molten fluorides1 follo)ed sometimes by electrolytic
refining1 that is used usually in the form of alloys for structural purposes (as in the
construction of aircraft1 automobiles1 and buildings)1 in the chemical and food(
processing industries1 in cooking utensils1 and in electrical conductors1 and that is
used in the form of po)der or flakes in pigments1 pyrotechnic compositions1 and
e"plosi'es (( symbol Al 7 : a nearly neutral medium(to(light gray
14. silicon SILLY (Semicond(ctor )Ll )ll(minated C#m-(ter &onmetallic' : a
tetra'alent nonmetallic element that occurs in combined form as the most
abundant element ne"t to o"ygen in the earthGs crust1 that can be obtained as
brittle hard lustrous gray crystals )ith the lattice structure of diamond1 as a
glistening black graphitic form1 or as a dark bro)n po)der1 that is usually
prepared by reducing silica )ith carbon in an electric furnace1 and that is used
chiefly in the form of alloys (as ferrosilicon)1 in combination )ith ceramic
materials in cermets1 and as a semiconductor (as in transistors) and element in
photo'oltaic cells Hsilicon plays an important part in the inorganic )orld1 similar
to that played by carbon in the organic )orld (( ?inus =aulingI (( symbol Si
15. -hos-horo(s PHYSICALLY (*oisono(s Hasty #range Scorching *resent
Hea3y #%ygen' 1 : *H#S*H#"ESCE&+ Hthe o'erlapping )a'es shiny and
hoshorous (( 6.J.AassillI 7 : of1 resembling1 or containing phosphorus (( used
of compounds in )hich this element has a 'alence lo)er than in phosphoric
compounds
16. s(lf(r SUPERIOR (Solid ,nder1ater La3ender Flame(.l(e flame 1hen
.(rns in air' ,ns(llied "inds (-rotects2cleans fr(it2s!in'' 1 : a nonmetallic
multi'alent tasteless odorless )ater(insoluble element that occurs in large
2uantities either free especially in yello) orthorhombic crystals or in masses often
associated )ith limestone1 gypsum1 and other minerals (as in 'olcanic regions in
>icily and Kapan and in salt domes in ?ouisiana and 5e"as) or combined
especially in sulfides (as pyrites and galena) and sulfates (as gypsum and barite)1
that is also a constituent of proteins and 'arious other compounds found in
animals and plants1 that e"ists in se'eral allotropic forms including the ordinary
yello) orthorhombic alpha form stable belo) #5.5L A and changing successi'ely
to a pale yello) monoclinic crystalline beta form1 a pale yello) mobile li2uid1 and
a dark red to bro)n 'ery 'iscous li2uid as the temperature is raised to about 2$$L
A1 that burns in air )ith a blue flame forming sulfur dio"ide and a trace of sulfur
trio"ide1 that resembles o"ygen chemically but is less acti'e and more acidic1 and
that is used chiefly in making sulfur dio"ide1 sulfuric acid1 carbon disulfide1 and
other sulfur compounds1 in the pulp and paper industry1 in rubber 'ulcani&ation1 in
metallurgy1 in petroleum refining1 in black po)der1 matches1 and fire)orks1 in
agriculture as a fungicide and insecticide1 and in medicine in treating skin diseases
(( called also brims!one0 symbol S0 see .?9F,6> 9. >4?.461 .6*>A: =69A,>>1
:;369<,% >4?.73,1 =?*>57A >4?.461 =6,A7=75*5,3 >4?.461 6:98B7A
>4?.46 7 sulhur1 archaic : a sulfide or similar compound of sulfur 8 sulhur :
something (as e"cited1 inflamed1 or scathing talk or language) that suggests sulfur
1. chlorine CHIVALROUSLY (Cleaning Ha3ing Leafy #.ser3ance(green'
"egarded )&gesting Erroneo(s': a common nonmetallic uni'alent and
poly'alent element belonging to the halogens that is best kno)n as a hea'y
greenish yello) irritating to"ic gas of disagreeable odor1 is usually made by
electrolysis of a2ueous solutions of sodium chloride 1 and is used chiefly as a
po)erful bleaching1 o"idi&ing1 and disinfecting agent in )ater purification and in
making numerous products (as bleaching po)der1 chlorinated sol'ents1 military
gases1 insecticides1 herbicides1 and synthetic resins and plastics) (( symbol Cl
1!. argon ARGUING (Arcless(-rotects against 1elding' "are(>1<' $eysers(in
3olcanic gasses' #dorless &ester2&eons(in .(l.s'' ,tymology- <reek1 neuter of
argos idle1 la&y1 from a-
2
a( / ergon )ork (( more at F96@ : a colorless odorless
inert gaseous element that occurs in the air to the e"tent of $.#4 percent by
'olume and in 'olcanic gases1 is obtained by separating from li2uid air1 and is
used chiefly as a protecting atmosphere during fabrication and arc )elding of
metals and as a filler for electric incandescent and fluorescent bulbs1 for gas(filled
electron tubes1 and for <eiger(8Mller counters (( symbol A or Ar
1#. -otassi(m POTENTIALLY (*otentially Acti3e Soft S)l3ery ,sef(l Metal' : a
sil'er()hite soft light lo)(melting uni'alent metallic element of the alkali metal
group that is more reacti'e than sodium1 o"idi&ing rapidly in air and reacting
'iolently )ith )ater )ith the e'olution of hydrogen )hich takes fire1 that occurs
abundantly in nature in combined form in minerals (as syl'ite1 langbeinite1 and
many silicates)1 in sea)ater and brines1 and in plants and animals1 that is prepared
in the metallic state from se'eral of its compounds by electrolysis or by reduction
(as )ith sodium 'apor) and must be preser'ed under kerosine or other inert
hydrocarbon li2uid1 and that is used chiefly as a reducing agent and in synthesis ((
symbol "
2$. calci(m CALCULATED (C(shy A-hotic Light Color )nteracti3e ,self(l
Metal' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from ?atin calc-, cal# lime / %e) ?atin -ium ((
more at A:*?@ 1 : a sil'er()hite rather soft bi'alent metallic element of the
alkaline(earth group that 2uickly tarnishes in air and )hen heated burns )ith a
brilliant light1 used chiefly in alloys and in 'arious metallurgical processes1 often
as a sca'enger1 and ne'er occurring nati'e but 'ery common in combination in
certain minerals and rocks1 especially as a carbonate (as in limestone)1 sulfate1 or
phosphate1 in practically all natural )aters1 and in most animals and plants as an
essential constituent (( symbol Ca 7 a : a 'ery strong )hite light source gi'en by
lime heated to incandescence in an o"yhydrogen flame (( compare ?78,?7<:5 . :
the flame of acetylene gas generated by reaction of calcium carbide )ith )ater
21. scandi(m SCANDALS (Soft CA&D)d(fran!' ,sef(l Metal' ,tymology- %e)
?atin1 from ?atin Scandia, ancient name of southern >candina'ian peninsula /
%e) ?atin ium : a )hite tri'alent metallic element sparsely but )idely
distributed in combined form in association )ith the rare(earth metals )ith )hich
it is sometimes included and found especially in 'arious >candina'ian minerals
(as thort'eitite) (( symbol Sc
22. titani(m TITHING (+)+A &ested(alloys' )gnores(anticorrosi3e' ,s(al(gray'
Metal' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from <reek $i!an / %e) ?atin ium : a lustrous
sil'ery gray light strong high(melting metallic element that is usually hard and
brittle in the cold but malleable )hen heated and ductile )hen pure1 that has good
corrosion resistance at ordinary temperatures and is tetra'alent in most of its
compounds1 that is found combined in ilmenite1 rutile1 and other minerals1 is
)idely distributed in small amounts especially in igneous rocks1 soils1 and clays1
and is the ninth most abundant element in the earthGs crust1 that is usually
produced in the form of sponge from titanium tetrachloride by reduction )ith
magnesium or sodium and consolidated by melting1 and that is used chiefly in the
form of ferrotitanium in making steel and in other alloys as a structural material
(as in aircraft1 Net engines1 missiles1 and chemical e2uipment) (( symbol $i
23. 3anadi(m VANGUARDS (?A&g(ard Almost Dar!(gray' )ncl(ded ,ltimate
Metal' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from 9ld %orse %anad s (.reya1 >candina'ian
goddess) / %e) ?atin -ium
: a gray or )hite malleable ductile poly'alent metallic element that is resistant to
air1 sea)ater1 alkalies1 and reducing acids e"cept hydrofluoric acid1 that occurs
)idely but for the most part in small amounts in combination in minerals (as
'anadinite1 patronite1 carnotite1 roscoelite)1 in the ashes of many plants1 in coals1
petroleums1 and asphalts1 and in the blood of tunicates and other marine animals1
that is usually obtained in the form of ferro'anadium or other alloys or in almost
pure metallic form containing small amounts of o"ygen1 carbon1 or nitrogen by
reduction of ores1 slags1 or 'anadium pento"ide1 and that is used chiefly as a
constituent of 'anadium steel (( symbol %
24. chromi(m CHRONICALLY (CH"#Med )ll(minated ,n-hased Metal' : a
blue()hite multi'alent metallic element hard and brittle as usually prepared and
resistant to corrosion that is found only in combination and principally in the
mineral chromite from )hich it is separated by the aluminothermic1 silicothermic1
or electrolytic process and that is used chiefly in alloys (as ferrochromium for use
in chromium steel or as nickel(chromium electrical resistance alloys) and in
electroplating (as for automobile bumpers and trim and for cutting tools) ((
symbol Ar
25. manganese MANDATING (MAgnetically &ot $Al3ani=ed &ESted Element' 1
a : a black o"ide of the metallic element manganese0 esecially : *"#L,S)+E . :
any of 'arious ores of the metallic element manganese Hgray manganeseI Hred
manganeseI 7 : a grayish )hite poly'alent metallic element that is ordinarily hard
and brittle1 resembles iron but is not magnetic1 occurs in nature alloyed in
meteoric iron and combined in many minerals (as pyrolusite1 psilomelane1
manganite 1 hausmannite1 rhodochrosite) and as a trace element in plants and
animals1 is obtained in a state of high purity by electrolysis or by electric(furnace
reduction of ore )ith aluminum or silicon or in the form of alloys (as
ferromanganese or spiegeleisen) by smelting1 and is used chiefly in making steel
(( symbol Mn
26. iron IRON ()m-egnetra.le "(sty #&going' ?atin ira anger (( more at 76,
1 a : a hea'y malleable ductile magnetic chiefly bi'alent and tri'alent metallic
element that is sil'er()hite )hen pure but readily rusts in moist air and is
chemically acti'e in other respects (as to)ard dilute acids)1 that occurs nati'e in
meteorites and combined in most igneous rocks1 that is usually e"tracted from its
ores by smelting )ith coke and limestone in a blast furnace1 that is the most used
of metals (as in construction1 armaments1 tools)1 and that plays a 'ital role in
biological processes (as in transport of o"ygen in the animal body) (( symbol Fe0
see A*>5 769%1 7%<95 769%1 769% 96,1 =7< 769%1 >5,,?1 F694<:5
769%0compare .,6675,
2. co.alt COBBLED (C#lors /rilliant ALloyed +o(gh' from 8iddle :igh
<erman &obol! kobold1 from &obe hut1 cage / -ol! (probably akin to 9ld :igh
<erman holdo spirit1 from hold gracious)0 from its appearance in sil'er ore )here
it )as belie'ed to ha'e been placed by sil'er(stealing goblins0 akin to 9ld ,nglish
co'a den and to 9ld :igh <erman hald inclined (( more at A9J,1 :,,? 1 : a hard
magnetic sil'er()hite bi'alent and tri'alent metallic element belonging to the
same family as iron and nickel1 occurring usually )ith nickel or copper either
nati'e in nickel(iron alloys (as in meteors) or combined in minerals from )hich it
is isolated chiefly as a by(product1 being essential as a trace element in animal and
plant nutrition1 and being used to produce magnetic alloys and hard alloys
resistant to abrasion1 corrosion1 and high temperatures (( symbol Co0 see A9B*?5
6$
2!. nic!el NICHES (&ested )ron Colors @ingly E%tended Life' 1 : a nearly sil'er(
)hite hard malleable ductile ferromagnetic metallic element capable of a high
polish and resistant to corrosion that occurs nati'e especially in meteorites and
combined in minerals (as garnierite and pentlandite associated )ith pyrrhotite and
chalcopyrite)1 that is usually obtained by roasting1 smelting1 sintering to the o"ide1
reducing to the metal1 and refining by electrolysis or by formation and
decomposition of nickel carbonyl1 that is closely related chemically to cobalt and
iron forming a mono"ide and characteristic green bi'alent salts1 and that is used
chiefly in alloys (as nickel steel and nickel sil'er) and as a catalyst (as 6aney
nickel) especially in hydrogenation (( symbol Ni0
2#. co--er COPIOUSLY (Cond(cti3e #cc(rs *rof(sely (or' *(re Engaged (as
alloys in .rass6 .ron=e6 etc' "ed2"aiser (a n(trient to -lants and animals'' 1 :
a common reddish chiefly uni'alent and bi'alent metallic element that is ductile
and malleable and one of the best conductors of heat and electricity1 that is the
only metal that occurs nati'e abundantly in large masses1 being found also in
'arious ores (as chalcopyrite1 chalcocite1 bornite1 cuprite1 and malachite)1 this is
used in industry1 engineering1 and the arts both in the pure state and in brass1
bron&e1 and other alloys1 and that is an important trace element in animal and
plant nutrition (( symbol Cu
3$. =inc A)$AA$$)&$ (Aealo(sly )ncl(ded (1ith metals for -rotection &(trient
Colons (meta.olism''' ,tymology- <erman (in&, perhaps from (in&e point1 barb1
prong1 from 9ld :igh <erman (in&o) akin to 9ld :igh <erman (in! point1 spike1
tine0 from its forming Nags under certain temperatures (( more at 57%,
1 : a bluish )hite crystalline bi'alent metallic element of lo) to intermediate
hardness that is ductile )hen pure but in the commercial form is brittle at ordinary
temperatures and becomes ductile on slight heating1 that occurs abundantly in
minerals (as sphalerite1 &incite1 smithsonite1 )illemite1 and franklinite) commonly
associated )ith lead minerals1 that is usually obtained by concentrating the ores1
roasting1 and either sintering and reducing by heating )ith coal or coke1 distilling
and condensing the &inc1 and casting the resulting li2uid metal into slabs or by
leaching the roasted concentrate )ith dilute sulfuric acid and electroly&ing1 that
corrodes in moist but not dry air at ordinary temperature and in contact )ith most
common structural metals corrodes sufficiently to protect them1 that dissol'es in
dilute acids to gi'e &inc salts and hydrogen and in hot solutions of sodium
hydro"ide or potassium hydro"ide to gi'e &incates and hydrogen1 that is used
chiefly as a protecti'e coating for iron and steel1 as rolled sheets and strips for
roofing and other building purposes1 dry batteries1 and photoengra'ersG and
printing plates1 and in alloys especially for die(casting1 and that is a trace element
in plant and animal metabolism (( symbol *n0 see B6*>>1 <*?J*%7E,3 769%1
89>>; E7%A1 >=,?5,61 E7%A 34>51 E7%A 9C73,
31. galli(m GALVANIZING ($ro1s Aty-ically Lesser (tem-erat(res' LiB(ifies
(its rare and gro1s 1hen free=ing and has lo1 .oiling -oint' )ncl(ded
,n1anted Metals'' ,tymology- %e) ?atin- gallus cock (intended as translation
of =aul O. Leco+ de Boisbaudran died ab 1#12 .rench chemist1 its disco'erer) /
%e) ?atin ium : a rare bluish )hite usually tri'alent metallic element that is
hard and brittle at lo) temperatures but melts Nust abo'e room temperature and
e"pands on free&ing and that is obtained usually as a by(product in the e"traction
of aluminum from bau"ite or of &inc from &inc ores (( symbol ,a
32. germani(m GERMANIC ($ray Em.rittled "are Minerals (fo(nd' Ashy (on
coals and resid(es' &egati3es (electrons' )ncline (semi' ,tensil Machines
(semicond(ctor' ' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from 8edie'al ?atin ,ermania
<ermany (from ?atin1 land inhabited by the <ermanic peoples in 6oman times) /
%e) ?atin ium : a grayish )hite hard brittle metalloid element resembling
silicon but )ith a 'alence of 2 as )ell as 4 that occurs combined especially in rare
minerals (as germanite and argyrodite)1 in the ash of some lignites and coals1 and
in &inc(refinery residues from )hich it is reco'ered by con'ersion to its 'olatile
tetrachloride1 and that is used as a semiconductor (as in transistors) (( symbol ,e
33. arsenic ARSENAL (Acylic ((sed in glass' "emnant (only little .it (sed in
alloys li!e 1ith lead in shot' Shot Ear1a% (yello1' &a(tio(s )nsecticide
C(r3ed (nat(ral sha-e'' 1 : a tri'alent and penta'alent metalloid element
commonly metallic steel(gray1 crystalline1 and brittle but kno)n also in other
forms (as black amorphous and yello) crystalline forms)1 that occurs in the free
state (as in tarnished granular or kidney(shaped masses ha'ing a specific gra'ity
of 5.3) and also combined in minerals (as arsenopyrite 1 orpiment1 realgar1
arsenolite ) and in ores of other metals (as copper1 gold) from )hich it is usually
separated as a by(product in the form of arsenic trio"ide1 and that is used in small
amounts in alloys (as an alloy )ith lead for shot) and in the form of its
compounds chiefly as poisons (as insecticides)1 in pharmaceutical preparations1
and in glass (( symbol As 7 : A"SE&)C +")#0)DE (( used chiefly commercially
34. seleni(m SELECTED (S(lf(r Ent1ined Lac!s Em.odiment
(allotro-ic2amor-hic (has many forms' &eedled )ll(mination (-hotoelectric'
,nmetallic M(rderer (-oisono(s'' : a nonmetallic to"ic element that is related
to sulfur and tellurium and resembles them chemically1 that occurs in allotropic
forms including an amorphous red po)der or black 'itreous form1 a red
crystalline form1 and a stable gray metallike form conducting electricity much
more readily in the light than in the dark1 that is found to a small e"tent in nati'e
sulfur and combined in nati'e sulfides1 in a fe) selenides (as clausthalite)1 and in
'arious soils and plants1 that is obtained usually as a by(product in the electrolytic
refining of copper1 and that is used chiefly in photoelectric cells1 rectifiers1 and
other electronic de'ices1 in decolori&ing glass1 and as a pigment especially for
ruby glass and ceramic gla&es and enamels (( symbol Se
35. .romine BRAVELY (/rea!ing "ed #doro(s Marine )ndi3id(al &ic!el (9'
Electrons(3alency: n(m.er of .onds'' : a nonmetallic chiefly uni'alent and
penta'alent element belonging to the halogens that is normally a deep red
corrosi'e to"ic li2uid gi'ing off an irritating reddish bro)n 'apor of disagreeable
odor1 that occurs naturally only in combination in minute 2uantities in sea )ater
and in many salt lakes1 brines1 and salt deposits from all of )hich it can be
reco'ered (as by o"idation )ith chlorine and dri'ing out of the bromine 'apor by
steam or air)1 and that is used chiefly in the manufacture of bromine compounds
(as ethylene dibromide for antiknock gasoline)1 dyes1 and pharmaceuticals ((
symbol Br
36. !ry-ton KILLING (@ingly "are (Ccry-ticD:1 -er mn in air' earned
*hotons ((sed in electric lam-s for .right lights' +a!en (from' #o=ing
(liB(id' &itrogen (mostly air :;<'' ,tymology- <reek1 neuter of &ry!os hidden
(( more at A6;=5 : a colorless inert gaseous element that occurs in air to the e"tent
of about one part per million by 'olume and in gases from thermal springs and
other natural gases1 that is obtained by separating from li2uid air1 and that is used
in electric lamps (as small 2uart& lamps for e"tremely brilliant illumination) ((
symbol "r
3. r(.idi(m RUBBING ("ed ,nion (7 lined s-ectr(m' /(rnt )rrigated (fo(nd
in ashes of -lants' Delicate (soft' )odi=ed (salt: al!ali' ,ltra3iolet (inflames
s-ontaneo(sly in air' Metal' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from ?atin rubidus red /
%e) ?atin -ium) from t)o red lines in its spectrum0 akin to ?atin ruber red : a
soft sil'ery metallic element of the alkali metal group that is found combined in
small amounts in many minerals and mineral )aters and the ashes of many plants
usually accompanied by still smaller amounts of cesium1 that is produced in
metallic form by electrolysis or chemical reduction of its compounds1 and that
decomposes )ater )ith 'iolence and inflames spontaneously in air (( symbol -b
3!. stronti(m STRENGTH (Stretcha.le(d(ctile' +angi.le (mallea.le' "ed #nly
+1os (is .i3alent2occ(rs' )gnitea.les ,ndercoats(gi3es red color to
-yrotechnics' Metal' : a sil'er()hite soft malleable and ductile bi'alent metallic
element of the alkaline(earth group that occurs only in combination especially as
strontianite and celestite1 that is usually obtained by electrolysis of its fused
chloride or by thermal reduction of its o"ide )ith aluminum1 that turns yello)ish
in air1 and that yields compounds capable of imparting a crimson color to flames
and pyrotechnic compositions (( symbol Sr
3#. yttri(m YELPING (earns2tter.y(in S1eden6 1here fo(nd'
+errestrial( resem.les rare earth metals'2 +otal(41' 2+/(ca(ses l(ng disease
in h(mans' +ri3alent2 +he.es(4:4: against +he.es' "egarded2
"hom.ic(.octahedron(4;4has ; triang(lar and 1; sB(are faces'
)ll(minator((sed to ma!e -hos-hors in +? sets'2 )so-od(4:4small terrestrial
or aB(atic cr(staceans 1ith : -airs of legs4 Fo(nd in 1:;:' ,n(s(al2,n
Metal2Mo3a.le(doesnEt mo3e4no .iological role'' : a tri'alent metallic element
that is usually included among the rare(earth metals because it resembles them
chemically and occurs )ith them in se'eral minerals (as gadolinite1 "enotime1
yttrotantalite 1 eu"enite) (( symbol .
4$. =irconi(m ZILCHES (Aircon )ncl(ded "efractory(retains its strength'
Car.on2Chloride2Cardinal(45 directions4 tetra3alent'
#3erheated2#-acifier((sed to ma!e things o-aB(e' &(clear
)ns(lator(cladder for (rani(m' ,-holder ((sed str(ct(rally and in steel
ma!ing' Metal': a steel(gray strong ductile high(melting chiefly tetra'alent
metallic element that occurs )idely in combined form especially in &ircon and
baddeleyite1 that is no) obtained usually from sands containing &ircon by heating
)ith carbon and chlorine and passing the 'olatile &irconium tetrachloride formed
into hot molten magnesium or sodium to yield a spongy form of the free metal
containing up to three percent of hafnium1 that resembles titanium and hafnium
chemically and in massi'e form has good corrosion resistance at ordinary or
moderately ele'ated temperatures1 and that is used in spinnerets for 'iscose rayon1
in getters for 'acuum tubes1 in steel making1 and )hen freed from hafnium in
nuclear reactors as a structural material and as a cladding material for uranium
because of its ability to allo) the passage of lo)(speed neutrons (( symbol *r
41. nio.i(m NIPPING (&ic!-roof )(49' #.sc(re(rare' /right )nfant
,nB(encha.le (+antal(m:+antal(s(mythical !ing' Metal' ,tymology- %e)
?atin1 from Niobe, daughter of 5antalus / %e) ?atin -ium -- so called 'rom i!s
occurrence in !an!ali!e : a platinum(gray ductile chiefly penta'alent metallic
element of brilliant luster that occurs combined in columbite and 'arious other
rare minerals but almost al)ays associated )ith tantalum )hich it closely
resembles chemically and from )hich it is separated as a by(product and that is
used especially in alloys (as in small amounts in stainless steels to inhibit
intergranular corrosion) (( called also columbium0 symbol Nb
42. moly.den(m MOLESTING (mending o.stinate li!e yonder .rilliant (metals:
chromi(m and t(ngsten ((sed in light .(l.s'' eating no(rishment (in animal
and -lant meta.olism' ,nderscoring metal ((sed to strengthen steel'': a
difficultly fusible poly'alent metallic element that resembles chromium and
tungsten in many of its properties1 that is obtained as a dark gray po)der or hard
sil'er()hite metal usually from its principal ore molybdenite by roasting to
molybdenum trio"ide and reducing1 that is used chiefly in strengthening and
hardening steel1 and that is a trace element in plant and animal metabolism ((
symbol Mo0 see .,66989?;B3,%48
43. techneti(m TECHNICALLY (+echnically E%cited(radioacti3e' Crystalline
Hea3y(its longest halfFlife of 5G7mn years allo1ed it to .e detected in red
giants s(--rting the theory that hea3y elements can .e -rod(ced in stars'
&(clear E%crements(from fission 1ith (rani(m' +ooled(made .y' )nnards
,nleashed(on' Moly.den(m'': a crystalline radioacti'e metallic element that
resembles rhenium and manganese chemically and that )as obtained as the first
synthetic element by bombarding molybdenum )ith deuterons or neutrons and
later as one of the fission products of uranium (( symbol $c
44. r(theni(m RUSTY ("(ssian(fo(nd there and named after' ,n(s(al (rare'
+o(gh (hard' H(rta.le (.rittle' Electrons &(mero(sly (-oly3alent'
)ntensifies ,ltimate Metals ((sed to harden -latin(m'' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1
from 8edie'al ?atin -u!henia 6ussia1 )here it )as first found / %e) ?atin ium
: a hard brittle grayish )hite poly'alent rare metallic element that is one of the
platinum metals and resembles osmium but is more resistant to corrosion (as by
o"idi&ing acids)1 that occurs in platinum ores especially in iridosmine1 and that is
used chiefly in hardening platinum and palladium alloys (( symbol -u
45. rhodi(m RHOMBUSED ("eaching (d(ctile' Hard #rdinarily (at normal
tem-erat(res' D(ra.le )soceles (tri3alent' ,niter ((sed for electrical
contacts' Mirror (a -lating for reflectors'': a bright )hite hard ductile metallic
element that is one of the platinum metals1 that is chiefly tri'alent and is resistant
to attack by acids and other corrosi'e agents at ordinary temperatures1 that occurs
especially in platinum ores1 and that is used chiefly in alloys )ith platinum (as for
catalysts1 thermocouples1 or spinnerets for rayon) and in plating for reflectors1
electrical contacts1 or Ne)elry (( symbol -h
46. -alladi(m PALADINS (*latin(m Ascri.ed (a -latin(m metal' Little Lea3ing
A3eragely (doesnEt tarnish at normal tem-erat(res' D(ctile )nhi.its
,ndermost (Hydrogen' Metal' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from /allad-, /allas
=allas1 the asteroid / -ium : a sil'er()hite ductile malleable metallic element that
is one of the platinum metals and resembles platinum1 that does not tarnish at
ordinary temperatures1 that occurs usually )ith platinum (as in nickel sulfide and
gold ores)1 and that is used chiefly as a hydrogenation and dehydrogenation
catalyst because of its ability to occlude large 'olumes of hydrogen and other
gases1 as ornamentation in the form of thin lea'es especially on book co'ers1 as
electrical contacts in telephone e2uipment1 and in alloys (as )ith sil'er or
ruthenium) for electrical apparatus and Ne)elry and in dentistry (( symbol /d
4. sil3er SILVER-PLATED (Sretcha.le (d(ctile' )m-ressi3e (mallea.le' Lonely
?alency Electrical "ecord (.est electrically'' 1 : a )hite metallic element that
is sonorous1 ductile1 'ery malleable1 capable of a high degree of polish1 and
chiefly uni'alent in compounds1 that has the highest thermal and electric
conducti'ity of any substance1 that is found nati'e and also combined (as in
stephanite1 argentite1 proustite1 pyrargyrite1 cerargyrite)1 that is obtained as the
main product and as a by(product in copper and lead smelting1 that is one of the
noble metals in 'ie) of its resistance to o"idation or corrosion e"cept tarnishing
by combination )ith sulfur1 that is usually alloyed )ith copper to increase its
hardness1 and that is used for coinage1 table)are1 Ne)elry1 plate1 and a great
'ariety of articles1 in photography1 in electrical contacts1 and as a catalyst ((
symbol Ag
4!. cadmi(m CADAVEROUS (Crac!les Angled (1hen .ent' D(al (.i3alent'
Mallea.le )m-eller ((sed in .atteries' ,-on Metals (electro-lates iron6 and
steel'': a tin()hite malleable ductile to"ic bi'alent metallic element capable of a
high polish and emitting a crackling sound )hen bent1 occurring in greenockite
and also in small amounts in ores of &inc from )hich it is separated as a by(
product1 and used chiefly in the protecti'e electroplating of iron and steel and in
the manufacture of bearing metals (( symbol Cd
4#. indi(m INDIGENT ()ndigo &ostrilled (t1o lines in s-ectr(m' delicate (soft'
)ncl(dea.le (f(sea.le' ,-ers1ee-ers ((sed on leadF-lated sil3er .earings for
-lanes' Modeled (48D4tri3alent'' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from 7nternational
>cientific Jocabulary
2
ind- / %e) ?atin -ium) from the t)o indigo(blue lines in
its spectrum : a soft malleable easily fusible sil'ery )hite metallic element that is
resistant to tarnishing and resembles aluminum and gallium in being chiefly
tri'alent1 that occurs in 'ery small 2uantities in sphalerite and other ores1 and that
is used chiefly as a plating for lead(coated sil'er bearings for airplanes (( symbol
0n
5$. tin TINKERING (+etragonal (5F3alency' im-ressi.le (d(ctile6 mallea.le6 lo1
melting -oint' &at(ral (fo(nd 1ith car.on'' 1 : a soft faintly bluish )hite
lustrous lo)(melting metallic element that in this beta form e"ists as tetragonal
crystals and is malleable and ductile at ordinary temperatures but changes
gradually at lo) temperatures to a po)dery gray cubic allotropic alpha form1 that
is bi'alent and tetra'alent in its compounds and is not o"idi&ed by moist air1 that
occurs principally in the form of the dio"ide cassiterite and 'arious sulfides (as
stannite)1 that is e"tracted by roasting and smelting )ith carbon1 and that is used
chiefly as a protecti'e coating (as for steel and copper)1 in tinfoil1 in collapsible
tubes1 and in soft solders1 bron&e1 pe)ter1 babbitt metals1 type metals1 and casting
and other alloys (( symbol Sn0 see B?9A@ 57%1 .4>7B?, 8,5*?1 5,6%,1 57% =,>51
57%=?*5,
51. antimony ANTICIPATING (A1esomely &ested (soft' +hree (3alency' )(49
according to LFH n(m.er chart' Metalloid #rthorhomic (8 (ne3en a%es at
right angles' &e(rotic onder (-ossi.ly (nsta.le in .lac! amor-ho(s6 yello1
and e%-losi3e forms''1 : S+)/&)+E (: a mineral >b
2
>
3
consisting of nati'e
antimony trisulfide occurring in prismatic orthorhombic crystals of lead gray
color and brilliant metallic luster that sho) a highly perfect clea'age and are
striated 'ertically and also in massi'e form and pro'iding the chief source of
antimony (hardness 21 specific gra'ity 4.62)) 7 : a tri'alent and penta'alent
metalloid element that is commonly metallic sil'ery )hite1 crystalline1 and brittle
yet rather soft but is kno)n also in black amorphous1 unstable yello)1 and
e"plosi'e forms1 that occurs in the free state but more often combined in minerals
(as stibnite1 kermesite1 'alentinite1 and cer'antite) and in ores of other metals (as
lead)1 that is prepared chiefly from stibnite usually by roasting and smelting1 and
that is used especially as a constituent of alloys (as antimonial lead1 type metals1
and bearing metals) (( symbol Sb
52. tell(ri(m TELECOMMUNICATING (+rashy Electrically (-oor cond(ctor'
L(stro(s Left (after fission 1ith' ,rani(m "oasted )rrigated(4green -lants'
(green 1hen .(rns in air' ,nde3elo-ed Metal (semiFmetal'' 1 : a semimetallic
element that is related to selenium and sulfur and resembles them chemically1 that
is kno)n either in a sil'ery )hite brittle crystalline form ha'ing a metallic luster
but conducting electricity poorly or in a dark amorphous form of 'ariable
properties1 that burns in air )ith a greenish blue flame to yield the crystalline
dio"ide1 that is found nati'e but more often combined especially )ith metals in
tellurides (as syl'anite) associated )ith sulfides and selenides1 that is obtained
usually as a by(product in the electrolytic refining of copper and also as a fission
product of uranium1 and that is used chiefly in the rubber industry as a secondary
'ulcani&ing(process of treating rubber or rubberlike materials )ith sulphur at
great heat to impro'e elasticity and strength or to harden them) agent and in
metallurgy in iron castings and in copper1 lead1 and other alloys (( symbol $e
53. iodine IOTAS ()ndi3id(ally ((ni3alent' #ften (-oly3alent too' Disa--ears
(s(.limes' )ndigo (3iolet' &eeded (for' Endocrine (needed for the 1ell
f(nctioning of the thyroid'' ,tymology- .rench iode iodine (from <reek ioeid s
purple1 'iolet colored1 from ion 'iolet / -oeid s (oid) / ,nglish
2
-ine or -in ((
more at J79?,5 : a nonmetallic uni'alent and poly'alent element belonging to the
halogens that is obtained usually as hea'y shining blackish gray crystals
subliming(solid change to a 'apor )ithout melting) to a 'iolet(colored irritating
'apor1 that occurs naturally only in combination in small 2uantities especially in
sea)ater1 rocks1 soils1 and underground brines and in marine plants and animals1
that is essential for the normal functioning of the thyroid gland of all 'ertebrates1
that is usually e"tracted from the ashes of sea)eeds1 from Ahile saltpeter1 or from
oil()ell brines1 and that is used chiefly in medicine (as in antisepsis and in the
treatment of cretinism and goiter)1 photography1 and analysis (( symbol 0
54. %enon XEROXING (0enos (strange' E%traordinary (3ery rare6 1 -art -er 70
mn in air' &o%io(s (from hot s-rings' #rthogonal (8 -er-edic(lar a%es48'
&eon (+hyratron'' ,tymology- <reek1 neuter of #enos strange : a hea'y
colorless inert gaseous element that occurs in air to the e"tent of about one part in
2$ million by 'olume and in gases from hot springs1 that is obtained along )ith
krypton from li2uid air1 and that is used in thyratrons (a gas(filled tube that has
three electrodes and can be s)itched bet)een an PoffG state and an PonG state. 7t has
been superseded1 e"cept for application in'ol'ing high(po)er s)itching1 by the
thyristor) and speciali&ed electric lamps (( symbol 1e
55. cesi(m CESSPOOLS (Ca-tain (of' Electro-ositi3ity (ha3e -ositi3e charge'
Second )ndigo ,ni-olar (meaning is one -ole6 .(t here itEs to mean C(niteD
C-olarD .y s(n4(sed in -hotoelectric cells' Monitor ((sed in electron t(.es''
,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from caesius bluish gray ) from t)o blue lines in its
spectrum (( more at A*,>794> : a sil'er()hite soft ductile metallic element of the
alkali metal group that is the most electropositi'e element kno)n1 found usually
)ith rubidium and lithium (as in pollucite)1 and used especially in the form of its
compounds and alloys in electron tubes and photoelectric cells (( symbol Cs
56. .ari(m BARISTAS (/i3alent As-hy%iating (to%ic' "es-on=i3e (mallea.le'
)ncl(ded (al1ays fo(nd in com.ination' ,nsocia.le (tarnishes ra-idly in air'
Monitors ((sed as getters in electron t(.es'' : a sil'er()hite malleable to"ic
bi'alent metallic element of the alkaline(earth group that tarnishes rapidly in air1
that occurs only in combination especially as barite and )itherite1 that is made by
reduction of barium o"ide or by electrolysis of a fused salt (as barium chloride)1
and that is used in the form of alloys chiefly as a getter in electron tubes (( symbol
Ba
5. lanthan(m LANGUIDLY (Lea3e A.sently (Cin latin means Cesca-e noticeD'
&ic!a.le (soft and mallea.le' +ri3alent H(mid Air &asty (tarnishes in moist
air' ,ncommmon (one of rare earth metals' Misch2Metal'' ,tymology- %e)
?atin1 from <reek lan!hanein to escape notice : a )hite soft malleable tri'alent
metallic element that tarnishes readily in moist air and forms colorless
compounds1 that occurs in rare(earth minerals and is usually included in the rare(
earth group1 and that is one of the maNor components of misch metal (( symbol La
5!. ceri(m CEREMONIOUSLY (Cereal (goddess of grain4from IceresE'
E%traterrestrial (asteroid4from IceresE'2E%treme "areearth(most a.(ndant
of rare earth minerals'2"esem.les )ron (li!e iron' ,nleashes (1hen' Mar!ed
(-yro-horic6 s-ar!s 1hen scratched 1ith steel'' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from
Ceres, an asteroid (from ?atin Ceres, goddess of grain) / -ium (( more at A,6,*?
: the most abundant element of the rare(earth group that occurs combined in
mona&ite1 cerite 1 and other rare(earth minerals1 that resembles iron in color and
luster but is soft and malleable and ductile1 and that emits sparks )hen scratched
)ith steel and forms pyrophoric (ignites spontaneously in air1 creates sparks by
friction) iron alloys used as flints (as for lighters) (( symbol Ce
5#. -raseodymi(m PRANCING (*yramidal (tri3alent' "areearth (a rare earth
element' Algae (green' Salt Enamels #-aB(e Designating (it' ello1ish
Metallic )ncl(ded ,ncommon Mineral (rare earth'' : a yello)ish )hite
tri'alent metallic element of the rare(earth group that occurs usually )ith cerium1
lanthanum1 and neodymium1 that forms green salts1 and that is used chiefly in the
form of its salts in coloring glass greenish yello) (( symbol /r0 see 373;8748
6$. neodymi(m NEODYNAMICALLY (&a(sodi(m4it is a salt' Enamels #rchid
(-(r-le23iolet'2#%ide(forms an o%ide on glass to gi3e it a 3ilet color' Dying
ello1 (faintly yello1' Mona=ite (sand' )nc(ded ,ncommon Metal (rare
earth gro(-'': a faintly yello) tri'alent metallic element of the rare(earth group
that occurs in mona&ite sand associated especially )ith cerium1 lanthanum1 and
praseodymium1 that forms pink salts1 and that is used chiefly in the form of the
o"ide to impart a 'iolet color to glass and porcelain (( symbol Nd0 see 373;8748
61. -romethi(m PROMISSING (*romethe(s (interceded for h(mans 1ith =e(s'
"adioacti3ally #cc(rs Man(fact(ring (a fission -rod(ct of (rani(m' EJected
(made 1hen neodymi(m irradiated' +a.oo (to ha3e' Harmonio(s (nat(ral'
)soto-es (isoto-es ne3er occ(r nat(rally' ,ncommon Metal (rare earth''
,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from /rome!heus: a metallic element of the rare(earth
group )ith no stable isotope occurring naturally that )as disco'ered in
radioacti'e form as a fission product of uranium1 that has been obtained also from
neutron(irradiated neodymium1 and that sho)s chemical properties of other rare(
earth elements (( symbol /m
62. samari(m SAME (S-lit (.i3alent' A(.(rn (color 1hen forming .i3alent
com-o(nds' Modeled (8D4tri3alent' Am.er (-ale yello1' "adiant (l(stro(s'
)ntermi%ed (gray' ,ncommon Metal (rare earth'': a pale gray lustrous
metallic element of the rare(earth group that occurs associated especially )ith
cerium1 yttrium1 and neodymium in rare(earth minerals and that is bi'alent and
tri'alent in red(bro)n and pale yello) compounds respecti'ely (( symbol Sm
63. e(ro-i(m EUROPEAN (Elli-ses (K484tri3alent'2Eric (the "ed4red color in
+?s in tri3alent state' ,nion(474.i3alent'2,ltramarine (4.l(e color in +?s
in .i3alent state' "areearth #%idi=es *resto (fast' )nd(ction (.ecomes a
s(-ercond(ctor at 1G;@' ,nco3ered (in' Mona=ite (sand'' ,tymology- %e)
?atin1 from 2uroe / %e) ?atin ium : a bi'alent and tri'alent metallic element
of the rare(earth group found in 'ery small amounts in mona&ite sand (( symbol
2u
64. gadolini(m GADDERS ($arnishing Alloy (only 1< on iron6 chromi(m can
resist high tem-erat(res and o%idation' Dimensional (84tri3alent' #cc(rs
Little )gneo(sly (is a rare earth metal' &e(tron )nhi.itor ((sed to shield
n(clear reactors' )ncl(ded ,ltrascans (M")s' Magnetic (its chelated form is
not to%ic .(t cases of ne-hrogenic systemic fi.rosis ha3e occ(red''
,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from K.,adolin / %e) ?atin ium : a tri'alent magnetic
metallic element of the rare(earth group occurring in combination in gadolinite 1
samarskite1 and certain other minerals (( symbol ,d
65. ter.i(m TERRIFIC (+etra3alent EB(ilateral (tri3alent'2Electro-ositi3e ((sed
in do-ing in solid state de3ices' "i-eness /roadcasted (green color seen on
+?' )nfreB(ent (rare earth gro(-' ,nfolds Magnetically (as an alloy6
+erfenolFD it e%-ands and contracts 1hen e%-osed to magnetic fields and is
(sed in na3al sonar6 act(ators (motor to mo3e or control a mechanism or
system'' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from .!!erby, 'illage of south)est >)eden: a
metallic element of the rare(earth group that is usually tri'alent but is tetra'alent
in its colored dio"ide (( symbol $b
66. dys-rosi(m DYNASTIC (Dimensional (tri3alent' om-ing (1al! or tre!
la.orio(sly4diffic(lt to attain' Sto- *iths "ods ((sed in n(tronFa.sor.ing
control rods' #-erator Storage ((sed in hard dis!s d(e to magnetic
-ro-erties' )cy ,ltra Magnetic (one of highest magnetic elements (.esides
holmi(m' at lo1 tem-erat(res'' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from <reek
dysrosi!os hard to get at (from dys- 3 rosi!os approachable): a tri'alent metallic
element of the rare(earth group that forms compounds )hich are among the most
highly magnetic kno)n1 and of )hich the o"ide is )hite and the salts yello)ish ((
symbol 4y
6. holmi(m HOMES (Hai!((La-anese 3erse of 8 lines4tri3alent'2H(midity
#3erreacts Largest Magnetism )mager (a safe laser for eyes' ,ncommon
(rare earth6 o.eys #ddoFHar!ins r(le that oddFn(m.ered elements are more
rare' Micro1a3es ((sed for'' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from Holmia (latini&ed
form of S!oc&holm, >)eden) / %e) ?atin -ium) from the locality near )hich
minerals rich in yttrium are found : a tri'alent metallic element of the rare(earth
group that occurs )ith yttrium (as in gadolinite) and that forms cream(colored or
yello) compounds )hich are among the most highly magnetic kno)n (( symbol
Ho0 see ,?,8,%5 table
6!. er.i(m ERECTED (Eastern (fo(nd in China'2Earthy (8
rd
-lanet4tri3alent'
"adiating (LASE"' /ooster (am-lifier' )ne.riater (fill 1ith s(.lime emotion6
.e dr(n!4ma!es -in! chea- Je1elry6 etc' ,nderc(tting Molars (7M50nm ion
emission a.sor.ed s(-erficially in 1ater tiss(es so its (sef(l in laser s(rgery
and dentistry'' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from .!!erby, >)eden1 )here gadolinite
is found / %e) ?atin -ium: a tri'alent metallic element of the rare(earth group
that occurs )ith yttrium (as in gadolinite and fergusonite) and forms a pink o"ide
and reddish salts (( symbol 2r0 see ,?,8,%5 table
6#. th(li(m THUNDERING (+ri3alent2+orrential Heat (can .e (sed in heated
s(-ercond(ctors'2Half ,ltrarare Lathanide (7
nd
most rare
lanthanide'2Leafy(fo(nd in green com-o(nds'2Laser ((sed in s(rgery'
,ltra3iolet (%rays' Ma!er'' : a tri'alent metallic element of the rare(earth group
that occurs combined in rare minerals associated )ith granite or pegmatite 'eins
and that forms pale green compounds resembling those of erbium1 ytterbium1 and
lutetium in solubility (( symbol $m0 see ,?,8,%5 table
$. ytter.i(m YEARLY (ielding(soft'2(!!y (only 90 tons -rocessed a year'
+o%ic2+ons (o.eys oddoFhar!ins r(le as an e3en n(m.ered element so it is
highly a.(ndant' +ri3alent Erased2EarthB(a!e2Electric (colorless in
tri3alent salts' "esisti3ity2"i-e /i3alent (green in .i3alent salts' )ns-ector
(can -rod(ce gamma rays 1hich can re-lace %Frays' ,n-ert(r.ed Metal
((sed to do-e stainless steel to im-ro3e grain refinement'' ,tymology- %e)
?atin1 from .!!erby, >)eden1 )here gadolinite is found / %e) ?atin ium : a
metallic element of the rare(earth group that closely resembles yttrium and occurs
)ith it and other related elements in se'eral minerals (as "enotime and gadolinite)
and that forms green salts in )hich it is bi'alent and colorless salts in )hich it is
tri'alent (( symbol ;b0 see ,?,8,%5 table
1. l(teti(m LUTES (LanthanideEs ,ltimate (last6 hardest6 highest melting -oint6
highest density of lanthanides' +o(gh (corrosi3e resistance'2 +orrential ((sed
as a catalyst in -etrole(m crac!ing' E%-ensi3e2E%ce-tional (rare6 N the -rice
of gold' +ri3alent )nde% ((sed in high refracti3e inde% immersion lithogra-hy
in man(fact(ring )C chi-s'2 )m-acting ((sed in hydrogenation and
-olymeri=ation (com.ining monomers'' ,nco3ers Meteorites ((sed to find
meteorite age'' ,tymology- lu!e!ium from %e) ?atin1 from ?atin Lu!e!ia, to)n in
<aul (no) =aris) / %e) ?atin -ium) lu!ecium from %e) ?atin1 from .rench
Lu!ce (from ?atin Lu!e!ia) / %e) ?atin ium : a tri'alent metallic element of
the rare(earth group usually associated )ith ytterbium in the purification steps
leading to its isolation (( symbol Lu0 see ,?,8,%5 5*B?,
2. hafni(m HAGGLING (High (tem-erat(re' A.sor.s (has a high melting
-oint' F(ll(10' &i..le(56 half a .yte'2&iels /ohr (fo(nd in his hometo1n6
Co--enhagen' )mmitates (similar to Airconi(m(50
th
element' (.(t sol(.ility
and melting and .oiling -oints are different' ,na.le (the =irconi(m it is
fo(nd 1ith is diffic(lt to se-arate and r(ins hafni(mEs a.ility to a.sor.
ne(trons in n(clear f(el rods since =irconi(m is trans-arent to them'
Micro-rocessor ((sed in )cs as an o%idant in semicond(ctor fa.rication''
,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from Ha'nia (Aopenhagen)1 3enmark : a high(melting
gray tetra'alent metallic element closely resembling &irconium chemically1
occurring in most &irconium minerals1 and useful because of its ready emission of
electrons (as in filaments for incandescent lamps) (( symbol H'0 see ,?,8,%5
table
3. tantal(m TANTRUMS (+antal(s ($ree! hero(tantali=ed .y fr(it a.o3e 1hile
in !nee dee- 1ater and father of &io.e'2+orah (94tetra3alent'
AndersE!e.erg (disco3ered it in 1;07' &e(tral (inert'2&io.i(m (a similar
refractory metal' +o(gh (hard and corrosi3e resistant and one of the 9
refractory metals that ha3e melting -oints a.o3e 7000C and are
inert'2+ransition (is a transition metal'2+rees(Congo' Africa2Acid2A.sor.
(CA&+ a.sor. acid' Lashing(9G5mn deaths since 1MM; in Congo o3er
coltan(from 1hich col(m.ite and tantal(m are e%tracted'' ,ncommon
(rare'2,-holding Metal ((sed as a ca-acitor for its efficiency of storing
charge 1hen it o%idi=es'2 also (sed in ortho-edic im-lants (s!eletal and s-ine
.eca(se of its inertness'' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from $an!alus, mythical king
condemned to stand up to his chin in )ater that receded )hene'er he stooped to
drink0 from its incapacity to absorb acid : a lustrous platinum(gray hard ductile
metallic element that has a 'ery high melting point1 that is chiefly penta'alent and
is resistant to attack by most chemicals e"cept hydrofluoric acid1 that occurs
combined in tantalite1 columbite1 and other rare minerals almost al)ays associated
)ith niobium1 that is e"tracted usually by the formation and reduction of a
comple" potassium tantalum fluoride1 and that is used chiefly in making
corrosion(resistant chemical apparatus and processing e2uipment1 in electrolytic
capacitors and rectifiers1 in surgery as suture )ire and bone(repair plates1 and in
alloys (( symbol $a0 see ,?,8,%5 table
4. t(ngsten TUMULTUOUS (+hird2+ransitional ,rease (en=yme that cataly=es
hydrolysis of (rea in to car.on dio%ide and ammonia4 only 8
rd
+ransitional
element to .e -resent in .acteria'2,nscratcha.le ((sed in hy-oallergenic(lo1
allergies' Je1elry' &o==les ((sed in roc!et no==les' $(ns ((sed in .(llets or
shells' Sintered (creating o.Jects from -o1ders .y heating close to the
melting -oint'2Scheele (Carl Wilhelm Scheele fo(nd it in 1:;1'2Sand.ag
((sed as .allast'2Second +ha1ing (7
nd
to highest melting -oint only to car.on'
EB(i-ment &ic!ing ((sed in sa1s6 milling6 metal1or!ing6 mining6 and
-etrole(m tools'' ,tymology- >)edish from !ung hea'y / s!en stone0 akin to 9ld
%orse !hungr hea'y1 !h sl pole1 9ld ,nglish !h sl, !h #l pole1 shaft1 9ld :igh
<erman d hsala, ?atin !emo pole1 shaft1 9ld >la'ic !egno!i to drag1 pull1 >anskrit
!ano!i he stretches1 and to 9ld %orse s!einn stone (( more at 5:7%1 >59%, 1 : a
gray()hite hea'y high(melting ductile hard poly'alent metallic element that
resembles chromium and molybdenum in many of its properties1 that is found
combined in scheelite1 )olframite1 and other minerals and is e"tracted by the
successi'e formation of an alkali metal tungstate1 tungstic acid1 and tungsten
trio"ide1 reduction of the trio"ide )ith hydrogen to a gray(black metal po)der1
and compaction by po)der metallurgy to massi'e metal1 and that is used in the
pure form chiefly for electrical purposes (as for filaments for incandescent lamps
and contact points) and )ith other substances in hardening steel and other alloys
and in making carbides (( called also 5ol'ram : symbol 60 see ,?,8,%5 table 7
obsole!e a : SCHEEL)+E . : W#LF"AM)+E
5. rheni(m RHETORIC ("hine (ri3er named after'2"arest2 "oc!ets (1 --. in
earths cr(st' High (added to high tem-erat(re s(-eralloys in Jet
engines'2Hydrogenation ((sed d(e to lo1 to%icity from nitrogen6 s(lf(r and
-hos-horo(s' 2Highest E3a-oration2Element &e1est (.oiling -oint of all
elements' )n3aria.le (latest sta.le element fo(nd in 1M79'2)scoceles ,ntha1
(has 8
rd
highest melting -oint' Manganese (ali!e'2Moly.denite (fo(nd in'''
,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from ?atin -henus 6hine ri'er / %e) ?atin ium : a rare
hea'y poly'alent metallic element that resembles manganese chemically1 that
occurs especially in molybdenite1 gadolinite1 columbite1 or platinum ores1 that is
obtained either as a black or grayish po)der by ignition in hydrogen usually of a
perrhenate or as a sil'er()hite hard metal (as by sintering the po)der)1 and that is
usually used in catalysts for dehydrogenation and in thermocouples (creates
'oltage if temperatures are different) (( symbol -e0
6. osmi(m OSTRACIZING (#doro(s (strong smell of osmi(m tetro%ide6 1hich
is also to%ic damaging s!in6 eyes and l(ngs' S(mmits ((sed in -en ti-s and
electrical contacts6 and styl(ses (needles' of -honogra-hs 1here d(ra.ility is
necessary'2Smithson+ennant (fo(nd it in 1;08'2Star Matted (densest nat(ral
element' )nter3als2)ron ((sed in geologic dating' ,s(r-ed (iron re-laced
osmi(m and (rani(m as catalyst in ammonia ma!ing'2,niB(e (least
a.(ndant in cr(st 0G09--.'2,ncom-ressa.le (.(l! mod(l(s 8M9F5O7$-a
(diamonds is 558$-a'' Meteorites (fo(nd in igneo(s de-osits and im-act
craters'' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from <reek osm odor / %e) ?atin -ium) from
the strong characteristic smell of osmium tetro"ide : a hard brittle blue(gray or
blue(black high(melting poly'alent metallic element that is one of the platinum
metals1 that is the hea'iest metal kno)n1 that occurs in platinum ores principally
alloyed )ith iridium in iridosmine1 and that is used chiefly as a catalyst and in
hard alloys especially )ith platinum or ruthenium (as for pen nibs and
phonograph needles) (( symbol Os0 see ,?,8,%5 table
. iridi(m IRIDESCENT ()gniting ((sed in s-ar! -l(gs'2)soceles2)risEs (named
after' (tri3alent' "ectang(lar(tetra3alent'2"ain.o1 (d(e to colors of its salts
fo(nd .y Smithson +ennant in 1;08'2"adioisoto-e (thermoelectric
generators (sed in s-acecraft to contain the -l(toni(m' )nert Da(ntless2D(st
)ntensity2)nterchanging (most corrosi3e resistant metal e3en at
7000C2ho1e3er reacti3e in d(st form'2)ron ,niting (has tendency to .ond
1ith )ron'2,nderneath (ca(sed .y' Meteorites2Moss.a(er ("(dolf
Moss.a(er(O1 no.el -ri=e -hysics' effect: iridi(m co(ld a.sor. and reemit
gamma rays'' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from irid- 3 -ium) from the colorful
appearance of some of its solutions : a sil'er()hite hard brittle 'ery hea'y chiefly
tri'alent and tetra'alent metallic element of the platinum group that occurs
usually as a nati'e alloy )ith platinum or )ith osmium in iridosmine 1 is resistant
to chemical attack at ordinary temperatures1 and is used especially in hardening
platinum for alloys suitable for surgical instruments1 electrical and other scientific
apparatus1 Ne)elry1 and the points of gold pens (( symbol 0r0 see ,?,8,%5 table
!. -latin(m PLAYERS (*into (called Csil3er of the *latoD in
S-anish'2*oll(tion2*etrole(m Lifting(increases the grade of octanes also
more fragrant'2Lo1ering ((sed in catalytic con3erters'2Lonely(often fo(nd
alone'2Lea3es Air (ne3er o%idi=es'2Alternating (.i3alent'2Africa 2Atten(ated
+ensile (more d(ctile than gold6 sil3er and co--er'2+etra3alent2+ro-ical
(so(th'2 +hermogra3imetric ((sed to st(dy change in 1eight d(e to change in
tem-G'2+hermometers ((sed in *t resistant thermometers'2+eeth ((sed in
dentistry'2+estic(lar (cis-latin (sed in testic(lar cancer .(t ca(ses !idney
damage and deafness' )m-eded2)odi=ed or )m-lants(gels' (salts'
&o%io(s(salts of *t are no%io(s'2&egati3es (electrically resistant'2&o.le (no.le
metal: resists corrosion at high tem-erat(res'2&o3elty ((sed in Je1elry s(e to
resisting tarnishing' ,lloa (Antonia de ,lloa fo(nded it 1:5O'2,nli!e
Magnets (not magnetic'2Moon2Meteorites(has large a.(ndances' ,tymology-
%e) ?atin1 from >panish la!ina, platinum1 diminuti'e of la!a sil'er1 from 9ld
>panish (( more at =?*5, 1 : a 'ery hea'y precious metallic element that is
typically grayish )hite1 is noncorroding1 ductile1 and malleable1 e"pands only
slightly )hen heated and fuses )ith difficulty1 has a relati'ely high electric
resistance1 and is chiefly bi'alent and tetra'alent1 that occurs usually nati'e as
grains and nuggets containing alloys (as )ith iridium1 osmium1 iron1 copper) in
allu'ial deposits often associated )ith nickel sulfide and gold ores1 and that is
used chiefly in the form of alloys in special chemical )are and apparatus (as
crucibles1 dishes1 foil1 )ire)1 in electrical and electronic de'ices1 as a catalyst1 in
dental alloys1 and in Ne)elry (( symbol /!0 see ,?,8,%5 table
#. gold(a(r(m' GOSSIPING ($emini2$lo1 (8
rd
sign4tri3alent'2$entle
(al(mnin(m'2$reen #3ercharger( sil3er 2#rchid(al(min(m ma!es gold
-(r-le as an alloy'2#.li3io(s (cant .e smelled or tasted'2#.str(cts (reflects
infrared'2#nly ((ni3alent'2#%idi=e2#tta1a(ca-ital of Canada in SE #ntario
across the #tta1a ri3er'' Laces(can .e made into threads and (sed in
em.roidery'2Le3is (.l(e'2Less (doesnEt o%idi=e in 1ater or air'2Loose (its
yello1 color d(es to -lasmon B(asi-articles oscillating and relati3istic
effects'2Latter(7'2L(m-s Dashes(salts of gold c(re
inflammation'2D(ra.le(iron ma!es gold .l(e as an alloy'2Direction(56 75@ is
100<6 the Canadian gold ma-le leaf coin is MMGMM< gold'2Deli3erer(good
cond(ctor of electricity and heat'2Do(ghiest (mot mallea.le6 softest6 and
d(ctile element'2DeF)cer (on coc!-it 1indo1s .y -assing electricity thro(gh
its resistance'' ,tymology- 8iddle ,nglish1 from 9ld ,nglish0 akin to 9ld
.risian1 9ld >a"on1 Q 9ld :igh <erman gold, 9ld %orse gull, <othic gul!h gold1
9ld ,nglish geolu yello) (( more at ;,??9F 1 a : a 'ery malleable1 ductile1
yello) tri'alent and uni'alent metallic element that occurs chiefly in the free state
but also in a fe) minerals as syl'anite or nagyagite1 is indifferent to most
chemicals but attacked by chlorine and a2ua regia1 and is hardened or changed in
color for commercial use (as in coins1 Ne)elry1 dentures) by alloying )ith copper1
sil'er1 &inc1 cadmium1 and other metals (( symbol Au0 see ,?,8,%5 table . : the
heraldic metal or
!$. merc(ry MERRILY (Merc(ry (1
st
-lanet414(ni3alent' Either (474.i3alent'
"(nny (only metal thatEs liB(id at ordinary tem-erat(res' Co.ra
(to%ic'2Clo(ds (3a-or' ,ltra3iolet2,n3eiling (messenger of the gods'
"echarged (electricity -assed thro(gh'2"etailer (god of commerce' ielded
(-rod(ces fl(oresce 1hen electricity -asses thro(gh its 3a-or'' 1 R8iddle
,nglish mercurie, from 8edie'al ?atin mercurius, from ?atin Mercurius
8ercury1 ancient 6oman god of commerce and messenger of the gods0 probably
from the comparison of the mobility of the metal to the traditional fleet(
footedness of the godS a : a hea'y sil'er()hite uni'alent and bi'alent poisonous
metallic element that is the only metal li2uid at ordinary temperatures1 that occurs
nati'e and in cinnabar1 calomel1 and a fe) other minerals1 that is prepared usually
by roasting cinnabar and condensing the 'apors1 and that is used chiefly in
scientific instruments (as electrical apparatus1 control de'ices1 thermometers1
barometers)1 mercury boilers1 mercury pumps1 and mercury('apor lamps ((
symbol Hg0 called also +uic&sil7er0 see *8*?<*81 ,?,8,%5 table
!1. thalli(m THANKFULLY (+in2+o%ic Hood1in!ing (li!e tin'2Hea3ily(3ery
to%ic' Animal2Ant2A(g(ste(Cla(deFA(g(ste (fo(nded it'2A(.(rn(1
st
changes
gray then .ro1nF.lac! in air' Lasher((sed as rat or ant -oison or (sed to !ill
ring1orm'2L(minated2Li!ely (1M41MthC41;00s' Leafy (Cthalli(mD4has a
.right green line in its s-ectr(m'2Le.ron (PO Jersey4O' )nflamed(disco3ered
(sing ne1ly de3elo-ed flame s-ectrosco-y' 2)ndi3id(al(416 fo(nded in
1;O1'2)3ys (fo(nd in -lants' ,ni3alent Mostly2Modeled (48D484tri3alent in
com-o(nds'' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from !hall- 3 -ium) from the bright green
line in its spectrum : a sparsely but )idely distributed metallic element that
resembles tin in appearance but on e"posure to air readily forms a gray and then
bro)n(black coating of o"ide1 that is malleable like lead but a little softer1 that
occurs combined in a fe) minerals (as crookesite and lorandite) and in smaller
amounts in 'arious other minerals and in plants1 that is usually obtained from flue
dusts from pyrites burners or from lead and &inc smelters and refiners1 that is 'ery
poisonous and principally uni'alent but sometimes tri'alent in its compounds1 and
that forms alloys but is used chiefly in the form of compounds (as the sulfide in
photoelectric cells) (( symbol $l0 see *A57%748 >,67,>1 5:96748 >,67,>1
46*%748 >,67,> 0 see ,?,8,%5 table
!2. lead ( Pb=Plumbum) LEADING (Lin!ing2Lo(sy Electrically (-oor cond(ctor
of electricity'2Electronics ((sed as a solder'2Energy A.sor.er2An%iety2Alto
D(ra.le(highest atomic n(m.er that doesnEt decay'2Disease (is a to%in that
leads to ne(rological disorders'2Dense (hea3y''1 a : a hea'y soft malleable
ductile plastic but inelastic bi'alent or tetra'alent metallic element that is bluish
)hite )hen freshly cut but tarnishes readily in moist air to dull gray1 that occurs
mostly in combination (as in galena and cerussite) and usually is e"tracted from
its ores by smelting and refined by remo'al especially of copper1 sil'er1 &inc1 and
bismuth1 and that is used often in the form of alloys chiefly in pipes1 sheaths for
cables1 acid(resistant linings1 plates for lead(lead acid cells1 solder1 type metal1
and shields against radioacti'ity and in making pigments and chemicals (( symbol
/b0 see *A57%748 >,67,>1 ,?,8,%5 table1 ?,*3 =97>9%7%<1 5:96748 >,67,>1
46*%748 >,67,>
!3. .ism(th BISEXUAL (/es-o!en(CclaimD4m(ton'2/rittle )nformed
(C1iseD41ism(t' Sends Miserly(-oor heat and electricity
cond(ctor'2Magnetically ,nattracti3e (most nat(rally diamagnetic of all
metals'2,nitarian (tri3alent' +innish (similar to tin and lead'2+rans-oses
Hea3y2Hemloc!(re-laces lead .eca(se its not to%ic'2HotF-in! (has a tint of
-in! from s(rface o%ide'' ,tymology- obsolete <erman bisemu!um, bismu! (no)
5ismu!)1 modification of 5ismu!, from 5ise meado) (from 9ld :igh <erman
5isa) / mu! claim to a mine1 from mu!en to claim1 from 9ld :igh <erman muo!
n, from muo! mind0 akin to 9ld ,nglish 5 se mire1 marsh (( more at 99E,1 8993
: a hea'y brittle highly diamagnetic chiefly tri'alent metallic element resembling
arsenic and antimony chemically1 crystalli&ing usually in grayish )hite
rhombohedrons )ith a pinkish tinge and high luster1 characteri&ed by lo) melting
point1 e"pansion on solidification1 lo) thermal conducti'ity and electric
conducti'ity1 occurring )idely but sparingly both nati'e in 'eins (as in
arborescent1 foliated1 or granular forms) and in combination (as in bismuthinite 1
bismite 1 and bismutite )1 but being usually reco'ered as a by(product from ores of
other metals (as lead1 copper1 or tin)1 and used chiefly in making fusible alloys1
casting alloys1 and bismuth compounds for chemical and pharmaceutical use ((
symbol Bi0 see *A57%748 >,67,>1 5:96748 >,67,>1 46*%748 >,67,>0 element
table
!4. -oloni(m POLYGAMOUS (C*olishD2*itch.lende(radioacti3e
roc!'2*icograms #3erdose (OG;-g are deadly' Lead2Lesser (/ism(th'
#(t.red &e(trons (/ism(th -rod(ced .y .om.ardment of *oloni(m 1ith
ne(trons' )oni=ing ((sed to discharge static electricity' ,nsta.le
(radioacti3e'2,rani(m (ores 1here fo(nd' MarJaS!lodo1s!aC(rie (named
C-olishD disco3ered in 1;M; also .y h(s.and *ierreC(rrie'' ,tymology- %e)
?atin1 from 8edie'al ?atin /olonia =oland / %e) ?atin -ium) from the fact that
8arNa >klodo)ska Aurie died 1#34 .rench physical chemist1 )ho together )ith
her husband =ierre Aurie died 1#$6 .rench chemist disco'ered polonium1 )as
=olish by birth : a radioacti'e metallic element that is similar chemically to
tellurium and bismuth1 that occurs in pitchblende and other uranium(containing
ores1 in radium(lead residues1 and in old radon ampuls but can be produced in
much larger 2uantities by bombarding bismuth )ith neutrons in nuclear reactors1
and that emits a helium nucleus to form an isotope of lead (( symbol /o0 see
*A57%748 >,67,>1 5:96748 >,67,>1 46*%748 >,67,>0 element table
!5. astatine ASTUTE (A(g(st(;' S-herical(8'2Segre (Emilio Segre6 and Dale "G
Corson and @enneth "oss Mac@en=ie fo(nd it' +errific2+h(m-ed
American(fo(nd in /er!eley'2Alternating(7'2Alternating
+omorro12+etra(fo(nd in 1M50'2+ithed(-rod(ced 1hen .ism(th6 P;86 hit
1ith heli(m6 P7'2+errific )nferior(has half life of half a day'2)odi=ing (itEs the
hea3iest halogen' &o.eli(m2&ic!ed Entente(Franci(m4only &o.eli(m and
Franci(m less sta.le''E3ol3ed (occ(rs as a res(lt of decay of hea3ier
elements'',tymology- <reek as!a!os unsteady1 unstable / ,nglish ine : a
radioacti'e element belonging to the halogens disco'ered by bombarding bismuth
)ith helium nuclei and also formed by radioacti'e decay (( symbol A!
!6. radon RASCALLY ("adi(m Ali!e(similar to radi(m'2Assem.les(formed
from disintegration of radi(m' Dead(inert'2D(al(7
nd
'2Dorn (Friedrich Ernst
Dorn fo(nd it in 1M006 9
th
fo(nd .y him' #dorless2#%ygen(gas6 l(ngs' &onF
identifia.le(colorless'2&ecrosis(cancer47
nd
leading ca(se of l(ng cancer'' 1 : a
hea'y radioacti'e gaseous element of the group of inert gases formed by
disintegration of radium and used similarly to radium in medicine (( symbol -n0
called also radium emana!ion0 see 46*%748 >,67,> 7 : an isotope of radon- as a :
AC+)&#& . : +H#"#&
!. franci(m FREELOADERS (France(fo(nd in france .y Marg(erite'2Festers
"adi(m2"adon Actini(m2Astatine(disco3ered .y disintegration of actini(m
into radi(m6 radon and astatine'2Al!ali (metal'2A-e% &at(ral(last fo(nd
nat(rally'2&ational((ni3alent6 .eca(se itEs an al!ali''2&either
Caesi(m2Cond(cti3e (one of least electronegati3e elements6 other is caesi(m'
)nter3al(7
nd
' ,ncommon(7
nd
least li!ely fo(nd innat(re after
astatine'2,nsta.le(longest halflife of one of its isoto-es is 77
min(tes'2,n(sef(l(has no a--lications' Marg(erite (Marg(erite *erey fo(nd
it in 1M8M'' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from France / %e) ?atin ium : a
radioacti'e element of the alkali(metal group disco'ered as a disintegration
product of actinium and obtained artificially by the bombardment of thorium )ith
protons (( symbol Fr0 see *A57%748 >,67,>
!!. radi(m RAILROADS ("adi(s2"adioacti3e2"adiant (shining 1hite'2"adon
A=(re(radiates as a faint .l(e'2Assem.ling(emits al-ha -articles and gamma
rays to form radon'2Al!aline2Air Dar!ens2Densest(hea3iest
al!aline'2Destroys )ntr(sions ((sed in cancer treatment'2)n3asi3e
,nder1ater(li!e other al!alis6 reacts 3igoro(sly 1ith 1ater and
oil'2,lta3iolet2,nderstood Marro1(.ody treats it as marro1 ca(sing se3ere
-ain 1hen it decays after ingested'2Materials ((sed to ill(minate
materials'2Marie (Marie S!lodo1s!aFC(rie and *ierre C(rie fo(nd it in 1;M;
as radi(mFchloride'Metal' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from ?atin radius ray1 beam
/ %e) ?atin -ium (( more at 6*; : an intensely radioacti'e shining )hite metallic
element of the alkaline(earth group that resembles barium chemically1 that occurs
in combination in minute 2uantities in pitchblende1 carnotite1 and other uranium
minerals principally as the isotope of mass number 226 formed from uranium 23!1
ha'ing a half(life of 162$ years1 and emitting alpha particles and gamma rays to
form radon1 and that is used chiefly in luminous materials (as paint made by
admi"ture )ith &inc sulfide or other phosphor)1 in medicine especially in the
treatment of cancer1 and in radiography (( symbol -a0 see *A57%748 >,67,>1
,?,8,%5 table1 5:96748 >,67,>1 46*%748 >,67,>
!#. actini(m ACTING (Al-ha2Actinide2Andre(AndreFLo(is De.ierne fo(nd it in
1;MM' Collected (from radiation from -rotactini(m'2Chief(1st of actinide
series' +ri3alent2+ransmitting(radioacti3e' &e(tron ((sed as a ne(tron
so(rce' )dentical2)ll(minated2)ndigo(glo1s a light .l(e in the dar!'
,ltras-an!(9'2,ndercoated Masters(:'(similar to lanthan(mP9:
th

element'2Moist(re(.ecomes 1hite 1hen e%-osed to moist(re and o%ygen''
,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from ac!in- 3 -ium) from the darkening effect of light on
some &inc sulfide 1 : a supposed chemical element once thought to occur in
commercial &inc 7 : a radioacti'e tri'alent metallic element resembling lanthanum
in chemical properties formed by alpha radiation from protactinium and found
especially in pitchblende (( symbol Ac0 see *A57%73, >,67,>1 *A57%748 >,67,>
#$. thori(m THOROUGHLY (C+horD2+etra3alent2+orch((sed in gas mantle
lanterns(cam-ing'' Halflife #(trageo(s (15G09.n years'2#SHA
"adioacti3e(safer than (rani(m for n(clear -o1er:-rod(ces less 1aste and
cant s(stain a n(clear chain reaction6 .(t more e%-ensi3e' )ncoming2)soceles
,rani(m(.ecomes (rani(m .y a.sor-tion of ne(trons and gamma rays28
times more a.(ndant than (rani(m'2,s(ally2,nites Melted(one of largest
liB(id ranges of 7M5OC .et1een melting and .oiling -oint'2Magnesi(m(forms
MagF+hor in aircraft engines'',tymology- %e) ?atin1 from $hor, %orse god of
thunder / %e) ?atin -ium: a radioacti'e tetra'alent metallic element that occurs
combined in minerals (as mona&ite and thorite ) and usually associated )ith rare
earths and principally as the isotope of mass number 232 ha'ing a half(life of 1.3#
" 1$
1$
years and emitting alpha particles to form mesothorium 11 that is obtained
by reduction of its compounds as a pyrophoric gray po)der or a hea'y malleable
metal changing from sil'ery )hite to dark gray or black in air1 and that is used
chiefly )ith tungsten or nickel electrodes in gas(discharge lamps and for
con'ersion to fissionable uranium of mass number 233 by the absorption of
neutrons and gamma rays (( symbol $h0 see *A57%748 >,67,>1 5:96748 >,67,>1
46*%748 >,67,> 0 see ,?,8,%5 table
#1. -rotactini(m PROTECTING (*enta3alent2*"#+#S
"eacts2"adioacti3e2"are #%ygen(reacts 1ith o%ygen and 1ater
3a-or'2#s1ald(#sa1ald Helm(th $ohring and @asimir FaJans fo(nd it in
1M18' +ransforms2+antal(m AC+)&),M(.efore actini(m'2Acidic
Cloggy(first transforms into actini(m then lead'2CanEt(li!e tantal(m6 .(t
.asic6 not acidic' +itani(m(similar shearFmod(l(s'2+o%ic )nf(sed
&(clear(1aste -rod(cts of n(clear f(el' )ncoming2)m-osing ,rani(m
(formed .y ,rani(m losing al-ha and .eta -article' MeltingF-oint(has
higher melting -oint than (rani(m'' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from ro!- 3
ac!inium : a shiny metallic radioelement of relati'ely short life that is formed in
nature by loss of an alpha(particle and a beta(particle from uranium 2351 that
disintegrates into actinium and ultimately into lead1 and that is penta'alent in
compounds and sho)s close chemical resemblance to tantalum but differs in that
its pento"ide is e"clusi'ely basic )ith no acidic characteristics (( sumbol /a0 see
*A57%748 >,67,>1 46*%748 >,67,>
#2. (rani(m URBAN (,ran(sEs2,niB(ely "eacti3e((,78; is most a.(ndant',789
is only nat(ral isoto-e thats fissa.le or a.le to s(stain a chain n(clear
reaction'2"hythm(fo(nd in same decade as ,ran(s'2"ome(4:6 hills
of'2"ecycled Acc(m(lates2Ammo(is :0< hea3ier than
lead'2Age2Armor(de-leted (rani(m (sed in -enetrators and armor' &(clear
(ca-t(res ne(trons in reactors and decays into ne-t(ni(m and
-l(toni(m'2&a3el(earth' )nter3al(half life is 5G5:.n years' ,nited(7'
Mass(has 7
nd
highest atomic mass .ehind -l(toni(m'2Martin (Martin
Heinrich @la-roth fo(nd it in 1:;M in -itch.elende'' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1
from 8ranus, se'enth planet from the sun disco'ered in the same decade as
uranium (after 8ranus, in <reco(6oman mythology the personification of hea'en
and husband of ,arth1 from ?atin1 from <reek Ouranos, from ouranos sky1
hea'en) / %e) ?atin ium : a lustrous sil'ery hea'y radioacti'e poly'alent
metallic element of the actinide series that occurs in concentrated form in
pitchblende1 carnotite1 and autunite and in traces of $.2 to 2$$ parts per million in
most igneous rocks1 phosphate rocks1 lignites1 and oil shales1 that is prepared from
its halides by reducton )ith alkali or alkaline earth metals or from its o"ides by
reduction )ith hot carbon1 aluminum1 or calcium1 that e"ists naturally as a
mi"ture of three isotopes of mass numbers 23!1 2351 and 234 in the proportions
##.2! percent1 $.1 percent1 and $.$$6 percent respecti'ely1 that undergoes 'ery
slo) radioacti'e decay and captures neutrons in a nuclear reactor to produce a
hea'ier isotope of mass number 23# )hich decomposes by beta emissions into
neptunium and then plutonium1 and that is used primarily in atomic energy
programs to sustain chain(reaction piles1 to pro'ide a source of the light isotope
uranium 2351 and to make plutonium (( symbol 80 see 5:967481 46*%748
>,67,> 0 see ,?,8,%5 table
#3. ne-t(ni(m NEPOTISM (&e-t(ne E%-osed2Ed1in(fo(nder'
*l(toni(m2*rimary2*hili- (*hili- HG A.elson6 another fo(nder'
+(rno(t(.y-rod(ct of -l(toni(m -rod(ction'2+rans(ranic2+1o(7 days'
,ndone(7G5day halfFlife'2,ni3ersity &GAmerica(fo(nded in
/er!eley'2&e(tron )n3estigator (detects ne(trons' (1
st
element not fo(nd on
earth normally d(e to radioacti3ity' ,ltimately2,nsta.le Melted(longest
tem-erat(re range in melted state of all the elements4 88O8@'2Monitor
(made in smo!e detectors from decay of americi(m' 2McMillan (Ed1in
Mcmillan and *hil- fo(nd it in 1M50'' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from
7nternational >cientific Jocabulary Ne!une, the planet %eptune (from ?atin
Ne!unus, the god %eptune) / %e) ?atin ium : a radioacti'e metallic element of
the actinide series that is similar chemically to uranium1 that )as disco'ered as a
short(li'ed isotope by spontaneous emission of an electron from uranium 23#
produced in turn by neutron bombardment of uranium 23!1 and that is obtained as
the longest(li'ed isotope in nuclear reactors as a by(product in the production of
plutonium (( symbol N0 see ,?,8,%5 table
#4. -l(toni(m PLUTOCRATIC (*l(to2*arti.le (fissile or its n(cle(s can s-lit
1hen hit .y ne(trons' Lo1er(*l(to is gree! god of the s(.eterranean 1orld
of the dead' ,ran(s(:
th
'2,ncond(cti3e2,nleashing
+hro.s2+arnishes2+1o(heli(m n(cle(s'2+oasty(1arm to the to(ch d(e to
(nleashing al-ha -articles'2+hic!er #%ygeni=ed(e%-ands .y :0< forming
o%ides and hydrides 1hen e%-osed to moist air'2#ssifero(s 2#li3e(green
o%idi=ation color'2#.literates(-rod(ces heli(m n(cle(s d(ring al-ha
decay'2#o=ing (7G9< thic!er 1hen meltedQ' &ested(gets into yo(r
.ones'2&o(rishes2&a-leFyello1(o%idation color' )ntensity((sed in n(clear
-o1er -lants' ,lster(O co(nties in north )reland'2,ni3eristy Mor-hs(has O
allotro-es'2Most(hea3iest element'2McMillan(Ed1in McMillan and $lenn +G
Sea.org led a team to find it in 1M50' at /er!eley'' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1
from /lu!on-, /lu!o =luto1 most remote kno)n planet in our solar system (from
?atin /lu!on-, /lu!o =luto1 <reek god of the subterranean )orld of the dead) /
-ium: a radioacti'e metallic element of the actinide series that is similar
chemically to uranium1 that is usually produced in nuclear reactors as the long(
li'ed isotope of mass number 23# by spontaneous emission of an electron from
neptunium obtained in turn from uranium 23!1 that is also found in minute
2uantities in pitchblende and other uranium(containing ores1 that undergoes 'ery
slo) disintegration )ith the emission of a helium nucleus to form uranium 2351
and that is fissionable )ith slo) neutrons to yield atomic energy for use in po)er
plants or atom bombs (( symbol /u0 see ,?,8,%5 table1 %,=54%748 >,67,>
#5. americi(m AMERICAN (American(/er!eley disco3ered .y $lenn +G
Sea.org' M(shy(soft'2Monday Enneagon "a..it2"eco3ered
)ntersection(disco3ered in 1M55'2)nteracti3e Canoning(-rod(ced .y hitting
-l(toni(m or (rani(m 1ith ne(trons'2Com.(sts )ntensely2)nd(strial
,F#s(-ro-osed to .e (sed as n(clear f(el for ,F#s'2,nhealthy
Meas(rer((sed in ind(strial ga(ges and smo!e detectors'' ,tymology- %e)
?atin1 from America / %e) ?atin -ium
: a radioacti'e metallic element produced by bombardment of plutonium )ith
high(energy neutrons (( symbol Am0
#6. c(ri(m CULTURE (C(rie(Marie and *ierre C(rrie 1ho fo(nd
it'2Circ(lation2Chief(1' ,-holder2,lster(M co(nties of &G)reland'
"adiator((ses a -l(toni(m isoto-e as energy for an artificial
-acema!er'2"a..it(5' "ailroaded(hit 1ith high energy heli(m(7'
)ntensely2)ntersection(5'2)ll(minates ,-on2,nco3ered(disco3ered in 1M55 .y
/er!eley .y $lenn +G Sea.org'2,nitarian(tri3alent' ,nleashed(-rod(ced .y
.om.arding (rani(m or -l(toni(m 1ith heli(m'2,nsto--ing(organics'
Mars2Moon((sed as a s-ectrometer to e%amine roc!s on the s(rfaces of the
Moon and Mars'2Mi%ed(forms fl(orescent com-o(nds 1hen mi%ed 1ith
organic com-o(nds6 .(t not 1ith .acteria' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from 8arie
Q =ierre Curie / %e) ?atin -ium (( more at A467, : a metallic radioacti'e
tri'alent element artificially produced (as by bombardment of plutonium )ith
high(energy helium nuclei) (( symbol Cm0
#. .er!eli(m BERATING KEEPING (/ro(ght2/(ndled(1'
Energetic2Enneagon(M' "ailroads(Heli(m ions'2"a..it(5'
@ing-in(M'2@ing-in(M'(fo(nd in 1M5M' End(rer(9' (disco3ered 1hen
.om.arding americi(m(M9' 1ith heli(m ions'2Emits LA(californi(m'
)nto%icator ,c(+(r!ish:8'2,n(nse-ti(m(element 11:' March(8'(emits
-oisono(s californi(m in 880 days'2Made((sed to synthesi=e O ,,S atoms .y
.om.ardment 1ith calci(m(70' .et1een ,S and "(ssiaEs colla.oration'' (
,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from Ber&eley, Aalif.1 location of the 4ni'. of Aalif.1
)here it )as disco'ered / %e) ?atin ium : a radioacti'e metallic element
disco'ered by bombarding americium 241 )ith helium ions (( symbol B&0
#!. californi(m CALIFORNIAN (C(ri(m2California Al-ha(-articles'2Aires(1'
Lashed2Liangle )m-regnated(disco3ered .y .om.arding C(ri(m 1ith al-ha
-articles'2)slamic(9'2)nhi.its Forming2F(ll(7' (disco3ered in /er!eley in
1M90' #%(7
nd
'2#ssified "ed(disr(-ts formation of red .lood cells in s!eletal
tiss(e'2"eali=a.le(seea.le' (after'
&at(ral(4geni(s4einsteini(m'2&e(tron2&(clear )nitiali=er ,sef(l(one of fe1
trans(ranic elements that are (sef(l6 eg (sed to start (- n(clear reactors .y
-ro3iding a ne(tron so(rce'2,n(nocti(m(element 11;' Made(,,# made .y
.om.ardment 1ith calci(m(70' ions'2Material2Meas(rer((sed to st(dy
materials 1ith ne(tron diffraction and ne(tron s-ectrosco-y' ,tymology-
%e) ?atin1 from Cali'ornia / %e) ?atin ium : a radioacti'e element disco'ered
by bombarding curium 242 )ith alpha particles (( symbol C'
##. einsteini(m (Enneagon(M'2Em.la=en(glo1s' )nfester(highly dangero(s on
infestation'2)ntersected(5'(4M54-l(toni(m' &e(trons S-a1ned(made .y
.om.arding -l(toni(m 1ith ne(trons'2Single(414Hydrogen .om.'
+errific2+o- E%-losion2Eyea.le )dentified2)mmac(late(-(re'
&ational(1'2&ational(1'2&(mero(sly(last element 3isi.le in -(re form
macrosco-ically' )m-lying(M'2)so-od(: -airs of legs4:'
,ltras-an!(9'2,nleashing Match(7'(disco3ered in 1M97 ) remains of 1
st

hydrogen .om. e%-losion'2Mendele3i(m((sed to ma!e 1: atoms of
mendele3i(m'' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from *lbert 2ins!ein / %e) ?atin ium :
a radioacti'e element artificially produced (as by bombardment of plutonium )ith
neutrons) (( symbol 2s or 20
1$$. fermi(m FERVENTLY (Fermi2Fate(414hydrogen'2Fatal(to%ic'
Enrico(Fermi Enrico'2E%-losion2E%tremely2E%cl(ding
"earmost2"emains2"adioacti3e(e%tremely fatal and readioacti3e'2"esearch
Macrosco-ic2Monday(1'2Meaningless(only good for research'
)ndifferences(ne(trons'2)m-lying(M' (hitting' ,lster(M'2,ntil2,ltras-an!(9'
Metal(a fermi(m metal has not yet .een made'2Mars(5' (Last
macrosco-ically made artificially .y .om.ardment of -l(toni(m 1ith
ne(trons'2Match(7'(Fo(nd in Hydrogen .om. remains in 1M97'' ,tymology-
%e) ?atin1 from ,nrico Fermi / %e) ?atin ium : a radioacti'e metallic element
artificially produced (as by bombardment of plutonium )ith neutrons) (( symbol
Fm
1$1. mendele3i(m MENTIONING (Mendelee3(Mendelee3Es last
name'2Merc(ry(1' Einsteini(m(element MM'2Enneagon(M' &ailed2&am(9'
D(als(Al-ha -articles'2Dmitri(Mendelee3Es first name'2Dragon(9'(fo(nd in
1M99' Esta.lished(made .y Einsteini(m .om.arded 1ith al-ha
-articles'2Either(.i3alent' LiB(id Earthy(tri3alent in aB(eo(s sol(tion' ?ery
)3ano3ich(Mendelee3Es middle name'2)ntelligent
,ltras-an!(9'2,ni3ersity(disco3ered at /er!eley .y $lenn +G Sea.org'
Miranda(9'(isoto-e of 79; mass has longest half life of 99 days'' ,tymology-
%e) ?atin1 from 3utch Mendelee7 / %e) ?atin ium : a radioacti'e element
artifically produced (as by bombardment of einsteinium )ith high(energy alpha
particles) (( symbol Md or M70
1$2. no.eli(m NOBEL (&o.el(from Alfred &o.el'2&ational2&orthern
#%ytcin(M'2#%ytcin(M amino acid seB(ence'2#riginal /ees(O'2/ees(O'
(4c(ri(m6 element MO'2/er!eley2/et1een(S1eden first fo(nd it in 1M9:'
Enco(ntered(.om.arded'2E3il(O'2Earlier(/er!eley really fo(nd it first in
1M9;' La.oratory2Le.ronLames(Jersey PO4car.on' Lea3ened(made6
-rod(ced' )3an(fo(nd in 1MOO in at the Flero3 la.oratory in D(.na6 So3iet
,nion'2)soceles(tri3alent6 -redicted to .e' ,nion(.i3alent' Moist(re(.i3alent
in sol(tion'' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from *lfred B. Nobel / %e) ?atin ium : a
radioacti'e element produced artificially (as by bombardment of curium )ith ions
of carbon) (( symbol No0
1$3. la1renci(m LAS (La1rence(Ernest #lando La1rence(1M01F1M9;6 a
n(clear -hysicist of ,C 1ho in3ented the cyclotron accelerator 1inning
no.el -ri=e in 1M8M'2Lonely(1'2L(teli(m2Last
Almost(M'2Al.ert$hiorso(-hysics team leader 1ho fo(nd it'2Ali!e(similar to
L(teti(m'2Actinide Whist(O6 a card game of 5 -layers -aired6 and -oint
scored if tric! ta!en in e%cess of O'2Wor!ed(last actinide -rod(ced'
"a3en(4e3il4O' (fo(nd in 1MOO' Enneagons(M' &e-t(ne(;'
California2Colliding2Censoring )ntelligent2)slamically(9'2)soceles(8'
,ni3ersity(fo(nd at a ,C'2,nleashed(made .y californi(m .om.arded 1ith
.oron'2,nder Min(tes(e%ce-t for 8 isoto-es6 all decay 1ith halfFli3es (nder a
min(te' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from ,rnest 9. La5rence died 1#5! *merican
physicist / %e) ?atin ium : a short(li'ed radioacti'e element of atomic number
1$3 that is produced artificially (( symbol Lr
1$4. r(therfordi(m RUTHLESSLY ("(therford (Ernest "(therford(1;:1F
1M8:'6 father of n(clear -hysics6 a /ritain of &e1 Aealand'"at(41
st
Chinese
sign41' ,nit(4141
st
'2,lster(region of &G)reland 1ith M co(nties4M'
+ransactinide(first in the tranactinide series'2+o(chdo1n(O -oints4O'
Halfni(m2He%a(O'(disco3ered in 1MOO' EB(i3alent "elati3istic(acts the same
as halfni(m .(t .eha3e differently d(e to relati3istic effects' F#(nd
"(ssiaEs2"o(nded(M' D(.na(fo(nd at D(.na in "(ssia in
OO'2Direction(5'2De.ated )m-acted2)gor@(rchato3(its de.ated )gor of
"(ssia(1M08F1MO0'6 Cfather of the So3iet Atomic /om.D fo(nd it'
,--ertendom(4104neon' Made(made .y -l(toni(m(element M5' im-acted
1ith neon'' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from ,rnest -u!her'ord died 1#3 British
physicist / %e) ?atin ium : a short(li'ed radioacti'e element of atomic number
1$4 that is produced artificially (( symbol -'
1$5. d(.ni(m DUBBING (D(.na(1here 1
st
-rod(ced6 a city in "(ssia
1here hea3y elements are -rod(ced'2Dot12Dragon(-enta3alent' ,lster(M'
/ees(O' 2/ase.all(M' &e-t(ne(;'2&ic!els(9' (fo(nd in 1MO;'
)mmitates2)m-acted ,ran(s(:'2,--ertendom(4(--er ten or highest class in
society410' Made(made .y americi(m(M9 im-acted 1ith neon(10''2Model(8'
(imitates tantal(m(:8''' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from 4ubna1 city in 6ussia
)here a center for in'estigation of hea'y elements is located : a short(li'ed
radioacti'e element of atomic number 1$5 that is produced artificially (( symbol
4b
1$6. sea.orgi(m SEARCHING (Sea.org(after $lenn +G Sea.org6 a ,S
chemist(1MMM''2Single(1'2Searched (.y'
EG@ennethH(let(fo(nder'2Enneagon(M' Al.ert$hiorso(fo(nder'2Al!aline(:'
/erylli(m(5'( Rfo(nd in 1M:5' 2/er!eley(fo(nded at S(-er H)LAC
accelerator at the La1rence /er!eley La.' #rgani=ed (as' "ome(: !ings or
hills of' $ra-hing(at least 5 colors needed to dra1 a ma-45'
)dentifia.le(similar to +(ngsten P:5'2)ntense ,lster(O co(nties in
&G)reland4gro(- O of transition elements'2,nited(7' More (has -ositi3e SO
o%idation state'2Min(tes(most sta.le isoto-e has a half life of a.o(t 7
min(tes'' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from <lenn 5. Seaborg died 1### *merican
chemist / %e) ?atin ium : a short(li'ed radioacti'e element of atomic number
1$6 that is produced artificially (( symbol Sg
1$. .ohri(m BOHR!S (/ohrEs #cta3e(4a feast 1ith : days after it4in
-eriod :'2#ne(41' Hea3iest(hea3iest of -eriod :'2 Hel(4M
th
of M 1orlds in
norse mythology' "heni(m2 "a3en(4O' )dentical2)!i(+(r!ish476 /ohr died in
1MO7' ,ran(s(4:'2,nderc(t Miranda(49
th
amendment49' ("heni(m is
element P:9''2 Min(te(has halfFlife of O1 seconds' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from
%iels Bohr died 1#62 3an. physicist / %e) ?atin ium : a short(li'ed radioacti'e
element of atomic number 1$ that is produced artificially (( symbol Bh
1$!. hassi(m HASSLED (Hassia(or CHesseD6 name deri3ed from6 a
$erman state6 1here la.oratory first -rod(ced it' Se3en(4:'
Aires(41'2Arm.r(ster(*eter Arm.r(ster6 one of $erman team to find
it'2Acht(4; in $erman and D(tch' Sagitari(s(4M'2Second(47'
Scor-io(4;'2Smashed(lead smashed' 2Sat(rdays(4O' )ntersected(45'
(disco3ered in 1M;5'2)dentical (similar to #smi(m6 P:O'2)!i(47 +(r!ish'
,ltra=odiacal(4more than ; degrees from ecli-tic 1here -lanets or.its go
.eyond =odiac4;
th
-eriodic gro(-'2,lster(4O co(nties of &orth
)reland4O4smashed 1ith )ron' More(has -ositi3e S; o%idation state'2
M(n=en.erg( $ottfried M(n=en.erg6 one of $erman team to find it'2
Made(made .y smashing lead 1ith iron'' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from Hassia
:esse (<erman state)1 location of the laboratory that first produced the element /
-ium: a short(li'ed radioacti'e element of atomic number 1$! that is produced
artificially (( symbol Hs
1$#. meitneri(m MEISTER!S (Meitner(from Lise Meitner6 an A(strian
1ho disco3ered -rotactini(m and a disco3erer of n(clear fission' Eins(41 in
$erman' )m-lying(4M' +o(chdo1n(4O' &e-t(ne(4;' E(logy(Meitner died in
1MO;'2Eight(4;'2 Etemenan!i(4:4to1er of .a.ylon 1ith : floors'
"emnant2"at(41
st
Chinese sign41'2 "ome(4:4: !ings or hills of'
)m-lying(4M'2)nter3als(has ; second halfFlife'2)dentical ,ltra=odiacal(4more
than ; degrees from ecli-tic4;'2 ,lster(4M4of &orthern )reland has M
co(nties' (similar to )ridi(m P::6 a gro(- M element' Match(47'(disco3ered in
1M;7'2 M(n=en.erg($ottfried M(n=en.erg 1as one of fo(nders along 1ith
*eter Armr(ster' in $ermany at Darmstadt'' ,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from
?ise Mei!ner died 1#6! <erman physicist / %e) ?atin -ium
: a short(li'ed radioacti'e element of atomic number 1$# that is produced
artificially (( symbol M!
11$. darmstadti(m DATA (Darmstadt(1here it came from' Ace(41'
"o(nded(4M' Mon!ey(4M4Mth Chinese sign' 2 M(oi(410 in
?ietnamese' 2Made(.y' Slamming2Sig(rd(Sig(rd Hoffmann s(-er3ised the
$erman team'2Seconds2 Season(4545 seasons' (1
st
synthesi=ed in 1MM8'
+a(r(s(4747nd sign' +o(ghest(longest li3ing isoto-e has a halfFlife of 10
seconds' A(g(st(4;' 2Arm.r(ster(*eter Arm.r(ster6 is one of the $erman
team fo(nders' Directly(into'2 Dice(4:4rolling : is highest -ro.a.ility for 7
dice' +am(4; in ?ietnamese' 2+am(4; in ?ietnamese' )dentical2 )dolatry(7nd
of 10 commandments 4made .y hitting lead 1ith nic!el '
,--ertendom(4104highest class in society or the (--er ten' More(a
homolog(e of *latin(m6 P:;6 a gro(- 10 element 1ith S10 o%idation state'2
M(n=en.erg($ottfried M(n=en.erg is one of the $erman fo(nders''
,tymology- %e) ?atin1 from 4arms!ad!, <ermany
3ate- 2$$3: a short(li'ed radioacti'e element produced artificially