MS 2209:2009

STRUCTURAL LAMINATED VENEER LUMBER

(LVL) - PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS AND
MINIMUM MANUFACTURING REQUIREMENTS




















ICS: 79.020

Descriptors: structural laminated veneer lumber, requirements, manufacturing, performance, structural
properties




Copyright 2009

DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA
MALAYSIAN
STANDARD
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DEVELOPMENT OF MALAYSIAN STANDARDS

The Department of Standards Malaysia (STANDARDS MALAYSIA) is the national
standardisation and accreditation body.

The main function of the Department is to foster and promote standards,
standardisation and accreditation as a means of advancing the national economy,
promoting industrial efficiency and development, benefiting the health and safety of
the public, protecting the consumers, facilitating domestic and international trade and
furthering international cooperation in relation to standards and standardisation.

Malaysian Standards are developed through consensus by committees which
comprise of balanced representation of producers, users, consumers and others with
relevant interests, as may be appropriate to the subject in hand. To the greatest
extent possible, Malaysian Standards are aligned to or are adoption of international
standards. Approval of a standard as a Malaysian Standard is governed by the
Standards of Malaysia Act 1996 (Act 549). Malaysian Standards are reviewed
periodically. The use of Malaysian Standards is voluntary except in so far as they are
made mandatory by regulatory authorities by means of regulations, local by-laws or
any other similar ways.

The Department of Standards appoints SIRIM Berhad as the agent to develop
Malaysian Standards. The Department also appoints SIRIM Berhad as the agent for
distribution and sale of Malaysian Standards.

For further information on Malaysian Standards, please contact:

Department of Standards Malaysia OR SIRIM Berhad
Century Square, Level 1 & 2 (Company No. 367474 - V)
Block 2300, Jalan Usahawan 1, Persiaran Dato Menteri
63000 Cyberjaya P.O. Box 7035, Section 2
Selangor D.E. 40911 Shah Alam
MALAYSIA Selangor D.E.

Tel: 60 3 8318 0002 Tel: 60 3 5544 6000
Fax: 60 3 8318 1455 Fax: 60 3 5510 8095

http://www.standardsmalaysia.gov.my http://www.sirim.my

E-mail: central@standardsmalaysia.gov.my
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MS 2209:2009
STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved i




CONTENTS


Page

Committee representation ..........................................................................................................ii
Foreword ................................................................................................................................... iii

1 Scope ........................................................................................................................ 1
2 Normative references................................................................................................ 1
3 Definitions.................................................................................................................. 2
4 General requirements................................................................................................ 3
5 Manufacturing requirements ..................................................................................... 5
6 Structural properties.................................................................................................. 8
7 Structural verification............................................................................................... 10

Table A1 Veneer quality ......................................................................................................... 12
Table B1 Grade stresses for various strength groups of SLVL.............................................. 14
(stresses and elastic moduli expressed in MPa)
Table C1 Properties to be determined depending upon end use.......................................... 15

Figure 1 Face, edge, end surfaces, length, width and thickness of structural laminated
veneer lumber ........................................................................................................... 2
Figure A1 Defects on veneer ................................................................................................... 13

Annex A General requirements for all veneers...................................................................... 12
Annex B Strength group properties of SLVL.......................................................................... 14
Annex C Determination of structural properties for intended application............................... 15
Annex D Storage and handling of SLVL ................................................................................ 16
Annex E1 Method of derivation of grade stress....................................................................... 17
Annex E2 Typical design of built-up members ........................................................................ 19
Annex F Means for demonstrating compliance with this standard........................................ 20
Annex G Bibliography............................................................................................................. 22


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MS 2209:2009
ii STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved




Committee representation


The Industry Standards Committee on Building, Construction and Civil Engineering (ISC D), under whose authority
this Malaysian Standard was developed, comprises representatives from the following organisations:

Association of Consulting Engineers, Malaysia
Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia
Department of Irrigation and Drainage
Department of Standards Malaysia
Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers
Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
Local Government Department
Malaysian Institute of Architects
Malaysian Timber Industry Board
Master Builders Association Malaysia
Ministry of Energy, Water and Communications, Malaysia
Ministry of Housing and Local Government
Ministry of International Trade and Industry
Selangor Fire and Rescue Department
Suruhanjaya Tenaga
The Chartered Institute of Building Malaysia
The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia


The Technical Committee on Timber and Timber Products which supervised the development of this Malaysian
Standard was managed by the Malaysian Timber Industry Board in its capacity as an authorised Standards-Writing
Organisation and consists of representatives from the following organisations:

Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia
Forest Research Institute Malaysia
Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia
Forestry Department of Sabah
Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
Malaysian Furniture Industry Council
Malaysian Institute of Architects
Malaysian Panel-Products Manufacturers Association
Malaysian Timber Council
Malaysian Timber Industry Board (Secretariat)
Malaysian Wood Industries Association
Malaysian Wood Moulding and Joinery Council
Malaysian Wood Preserving Association
Persatuan Pengusaha Kayu-kayan dan Perabot Bumiputera Malaysia
Sarawak Timber Industry Development Corporation
SIRIM Berhad
Timber Exporters Association of Malaysia
Universiti Putra Malaysia


The Working Group on Structural Laminated Veneer Lumber which developed this Malaysian Standard was
managed by the Malaysian Timber Industry Board in its capacity as an authorised Standards-Writing Organisation
and consists of representatives from the following organisations:

CHG Plywood Sdn Bhd
Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia
Forest Research Institute Malaysia
Malaysian Timber Industry Board (Secretariat)
Permint Plywood Sdn Bhd
Universiti Malaya
Universiti Putra Malaysia




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MS 2209:2009
STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved iii




FOREWORD


This Malaysian Standard was developed by the Working Group on Structural Laminated
Veneer Lumber under the authority of the Industry Standards Committee on Building,
Construction and Civil Engineering. Development of this standard was carried out by
Malaysian Timber Industry Board (MTIB), which is the Standards-Writing Organisation (SWO)
appointed by SIRIM Berhad to develop standards for timber, timber products and timber
structures.

Compliance with a Malaysian Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal
obligations.



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MS 2209:2009
STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved 1




STRUCTURAL LAMINATED VENEER LUMBER (LVL) - PERFORMANCE
REQUIREMENTS AND MINIMUM MANUFACTURING REQUIREMENTS


1 Scope

This Malaysian Standard specifies manufacturing (in-grade) structural characterisation and
structural verification requirements for Structural Laminated Veneer Lumbers (SLVL) as a
glued assembly of veneers and for which structural design is performed in accordance with
MS 544: Part 12.

This standard specifies performance requirements and minimum requirements for Structural
Laminated Veneer Lumber (SLVL). It does not describe requirements for non-structural
applications.

This standard is only concerned with the LVL component of assemblies such as trusses, nail
plate jointed beams and I-beams, but not the assemblies themselves.


2 Normative references

The following normative references are indispensable for the application of this standard.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the normative reference (including any amendments) applies.

MS 228:1991, Specification for plywood

MS 471: Part 1, Glossary of terms relating to timber and wood-based panel products - Part 1:
Characteristics and properties of timber (First revision)

MS 471: Part 2, Glossary of terms relating to timber and wood-based panel products - Part 2:
Wood-based panel products

MS 544: Part 1, Code of practice for structural use of timber - Part 1: General (First revision)

MS 544: Part 2, Code of practice for structural use of timber - Part 2: Permissible stress
design and materials of solid timber

MS 544: Part 12, Code of practice for structural use of timber - Part 12: Laminated veneer
lumber for structural application

MS 837, Method for the determination of moisture content of timber

MS 908, Specification for synthetic resin adhesives (phenolic and amino plastic) for plywood

MS ISO 9001:2000, Quality management system - Requirements

MS ISO 9004:2000, Quality management system - Guidelines for performance improvements

AS 2098.6, Method of test for veneer and plywood - Part 6: Depth of peeler checks in veneer
and plywood


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MS 2209:2009
2 STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved




AS/NZS 1649, Method for the determination of basic working loads for metal fasteners for
timber

AS/NZS 2098.1:1996, Methods of test for veneer and plywood - Part 1: Moisture content of
veneer and plywood

AS/NZS 2098.2:1996, Methods of test for veneer and plywood - Part 2: Bond quality of
plywood (chisel test)

AS/NZS 2098.10:1995, Measurement of dimensions and shape for structural laminated
veneer lumber

AS/NZS 2269:1994, Plywood - Structural

AS/NZS 4063:1992, Timber - Strength group-in grade strength and stiffness evaluation


3 Definitions

For the purposes of this standard, the definitions given in MS 471 (Parts 1 and 2), MS 544:
Part 1, MS 228 and the following apply.

3.1 Face, edge, end surface, length, width and thickness

Face, edge, end surface, length, width and thickness are as shown in Figure 1.

Longitudinal
Direction
Length
Thickness
Width
Glueline
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Longitudinal
Direction
Length
Thickness
Width
Glueline
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Figure 1. Face, edge, end surfaces, length, width and thickness of structural laminated
veneer lumber
Longitudinal
direction
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MS 2209:2009
STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved 3




3.2 Structural laminated veneer lumber

A structural member manufactured using wood veneers that are peeled off by rotary lathe or
slicer and bonded together with the grain direction of outer veneers and most of the inner
plies oriented parallel to the length of the member. The veneers are usually bonded together
with phenolic adhesives.

3.3. Glueline

For the purposes of load application direction and structural analysis, glueline is taken as the
plane parallel to the longitudinal axis of the panel as shown in Figure 1.


4 General requirements

4.1 Dimensions and shape

4.1.1 Dimensions

Unless stated otherwise by the manufacturer the dimensions of SLVL, measured in
accordance with AS/NZS 2098.10:1995 shall not differ from the manufacturers nominal
dimensions by more than the following tolerances:

a) Thickness.........................................................................+ 4, -0 mm

b) Width, up to 400 mm.....................................................+ 2, -0 mm

c) Width, over 400 mm.........................................................+ 5, -0 mm

d) Length..............................................................................+ 5, -0 mm


NOTES:

1. Actual dimensions are likely to exceed the minimum or called dimensions and this should be considered when
detailing.

2. When SLVL is ordered for recutting to length, it is good practice to include a cutting allowance in the supply length.

3. When length is critical, it may also be necessary to specify a positive tolerance.

4.1.2 Straightness

The straightness of the SLVL piece shall be as follows:

a) Spring

The spring of the SLVL piece measured in accordance with AS/NZS 2098.10:1995 shall not
exceed 1 mm in 1 000 mm.

b) Bow

The bow of an SLVL piece measured in accordance with AS/NZS 2098.10:1995 shall not
exceed 1 mm in 1 000 mm.

NOTE. The measurement of bow in AS/NZS 2098.10 involves application of a load.
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MS 2209:2009
4 STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved




4.1.3 Twist

The twist of an SLVL piece measured in accordance with AS/NZS 2098.10:1995 shall not
exceed the value of 7 mm or equivalent ratio.

4.1.4 Squareness of section

When measured in accordance with AS/NZS 2098.10:1995, the sides of a nominally
rectangular cross-section of SLVL shall not deviate from square by more than 1 mm in 100
mm.

4.1.5 Cupping

No limit for cupping is specified in this standard.

NOTE. Cupping is usually a result of a moisture gradient across the thickness and is more pronounced for thin, wide
pieces. It is generally caused by exposure to changes in ambient conditions and, therefore, is usually not a
manufacturing fault.

4.2 Moisture content

At the time of dispatch, the mean value moisture content of SLVL, when determined in
accordance with MS 837 shall not be more than 19 %.

In the event of dispute, the moisture content shall be determined by the oven drying method
described in MS 837.

4.3 Immunisation and chemical treatments

Where SLVL is required to be chemically treated, then the possible effect of the chemicals or
the treatment process upon the structural properties should be considered. Strength effects
of the chemical treatment process and any subsequent drying shall be evaluated.

NOTES:

1. Treatment process involving harsh wetting and drying regimes may cause internal checking and consequent loss
of structural integrity.

2. Some chemical treatments are known to adversely affect structural properties.

4.4 Publication of design properties or data

The manufacturer shall provide design data in either or both of the following forms:

a) For the purpose of engineering design in accordance with MS 544: Part 12, the
manufacturer shall preferably adopt a strength group and strength group properties,
publish design properties for the SLVL appropriate to the intended end use (see Annex
E2 for possible design approach using the published values) or adopt a strength group
classification in accordance with 6.4 or using similar approach as in Annex E1.

b) A manufacturer may publish design data in the form of application or load span tables
or charts. In this case the use of the SLVL shall be restricted to those applications and
the limiting conditions implied or specified by such data.



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MS 2209:2009
STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved 5




4.5 Branding

Each piece of structural SLVL shall have the following information legibly affixed thereon, at
least once, by the manufacturer at the points of manufacture:

a) the manufacturers name or registered mark;

b) the registered brand or marking that, in conjunction with published literature, clearly
identifies the structural properties that apply to that product; or where a strength group
classification has been adopted, a strength group brand shall be used;

c) clearly stated limitations of end use, if relevant, as defined in 4.5 and 6.2;

d) if preservative-treated, branding in accordance with MS 228; and

e) the bond type of the glue-line, i.e. WBP.

NOTE. Manufacturers making a statement of compliance with this standard on a product, packaging, or promotional
material related to that product are advised to ensure that such compliance is capable of being verified.


5 Manufacturing requirements

5.1 General

SLVL shall be manufactured in conformance with a manufacturing specification that defines
and limits all variables likely to affect or correlate with structural performance of that specific
SLVL product.

5.2 Manufacturing specification

The manufacturing specification shall set the limits on all variables that affect or correlate with
final product properties. Variables that influence the properties of SLVL include:

a) species;

b) log diameter, log quality and geographical source;

c) veneer density;

d) veneer quality;

e) veneer joints (type and frequency);

f) veneer thickness;

g) veneer arrangement;

h) bond quality; and

i) manufacturing process.

NOTE. The above list is not intended to be exhaustive.

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MS 2209:2009
6 STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved




5.3 Veneer

5.3.1 General

Structural SLVL may be manufactured from veneer of any species, grade or density, provided
the manufacturing specification includes definition of the species, log diameter, log quality and
geographical source, veneer grade and minimum density of dry veneer.

Where mixtures of species are used or where there are likely to be significant fluctuations in
the average grade or density of veneer, then:

a) veneer shall be mixed in order to effectively randomise its inclusion throughout the
assembly;

b) veneer shall be separated according to its species, grade or density and assembled
into the matrix in some predetermined or specified pattern; or

c) if neither of the above procedures is used, then the minimum strength species and
veneer of the lowest grade and density shall be used to manufacture material from
which a sample is drawn for testing and evaluation of the structural properties.

5.3.2 Veneer quality

Veneer shall be graded according to Annex A or by any other means, except that such
alternative grading procedure shall be specified and limits of acceptance defined using the
same format as in Table A1.

Where alternative grading procedures are used, the aggregate dimension of defects within a
defined width shall be specified using the ratio method described in AS/NZS 2269:1994.

Veneer shall be free from decay and active insect attack.

5.3.3 Veneer thickness

Veneer of 1.5 mm to 4.0 mm shall be used. Thicknesses used shall be included in the
specification. Where more than one thickness is used in a construction, then the location of
each thickness in the assembly, shall be specified.

5.3.4 Veneer length

Veneer of not less than 1 m shall be used. However, the minimum and average lengths shall
be specified.

5.4 Assembly

5.4.1 General

The assembly of SLVL shall be defined in the manufacturing specification.

5.4.2 Veneer joints




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MS 2209:2009
STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved 7




The veneer joints shall be as follows:

a) the location, type and minimum spacing of veneer end joints shall be specified;

b) for lap joints, the minimum and maximum overlap shall be specified;

c) for scarf joints, the slope of scarf and alignment tolerances shall be specified;

d) for butt joints, the maximum gap, and limit on overlap (if any), shall be specified;

e) bonding of scarf or lap end joints shall be achieved by an adhesive of a phenolic type
complying with MS 908; and

f) bond requirements for joints shall be the same as for the bonding between plies.

5.4.3 Construction

The constructions of SLVL are as follows.

a) The construction of SLVL containing cross-band veneers shall be balanced in regard to
all properties affecting product stability.

b) Sheets of veneer shall be free from any ferrous material such as clips and staples.

c) The overall thickness of SLVL should normally be more than 25 mm.

d) The total number of ply of veneers should normally be more than five. In the case
where a cross veneer adjoining outermost layer is used, the outermost veneer and the
cross veneers should be excluded in the determination of the total of plies.

e) It is recommended that the end-joints in the two adjoining veneers be spaced at least
30 times the veneer thickness apart. In the case where different thicknesses of veneers
are used, the thickness of the thickest veneer should apply.

f) Except for cross veneer, the spacing of end-joints of veneers in the same cross section,
should normally be at least two plies apart.

NOTES:

1. It is recommended that at least the two outer veneers be made continuous by jointing.

2. Cross-banded veneers should preferably only be introduced between continuous long-band veneers and be
continuous across the full width of the SLVL.

3. End-joints existing in a zone within 10 times the thickness of veneer of a cross section which includes the said
end-joint should be considered to be in the same cross section.

5.5 Bonding between plies

The bonding between plies shall be WBP type and shall comply with the following
requirements.

a) The adhesive used in the manufacturing of SLVL shall be of a phenolic type complying
with MS 908.


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MS 2209:2009
8 STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved




b) The bond between the plies shall be continuous over the whole area other than where
permitted imperfections occur.

c) When tested in accordance with MS 908 for phenolic, WBP type or equivalent, the
glue-lines in two test pieces prepared from each sample piece shall have a bond quality
of not less than two and the average of all glue-lines tested as representative of the lot
shall be not less than five as assessed in accordance with MS 228.

5.6 Manufacturing process

The type of manufacturing process and limits of the important aspects of the manufacturing
process shall be specified.

NOTE. The type of process, e.g. continuous or batch, may affect the end-product properties.

5.7 Storage and handling

Recommended practices for the storage and handling of SLVL are described in Annex B.


6 Structural properties

6.1 General

SLVL manufactured in accordance with the manufacturing specification in Clause 5, shall
have structural properties appropriate for its intended application, determined by testing and
evaluation methods specified in this clause.

Structural properties of SLVL shall be used in accordance with MS 544: Part 12.

The grade stresses to be used are provided in Annex C.

6.2 Properties required to be determined

For each SLVL product, the structural properties shall be determined appropriate for the
intended application. Annex D defines properties to be determined for some specific
applications. The method of derivation of grade stresses is given in Annex E.

6.3 Methods for determination of structural properties

6.3.1 Strength and stiffness

The strength and stiffness of a particular SLVL required to be determined in accordance with
6.2 shall be evaluated using the methods specified in Annex F.

Evaluations performed for SLVL with 10 or more longitudinal veneers shall apply to other
constructions with 10 or more longitudinal veneers. For each construction with fewer than 10
longitudinal veneers, additional testing shall be performed.

6.3.2 Joint strength

Joint strength properties for a particular SLVL product required to be determined in
accordance with 6.2 shall be evaluated using methods given in AS/NZS 1649.

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MS 2209:2009
STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved 9




In addition, the following are required:

a) For nails or screws - the basic or characteristic lateral and withdrawal loads shall be
determined for nails or screws driven into the face and the edge of SLVL, and loaded
both parallel and perpendicular to the grain.

b) For bolts - the basic or characteristic bolt loads shall be determined for bolts inserted
through both the face and the edge of the SLVL.

c) Nail plates - the basic or characteristic tooth loads for nail plates shall be evaluated for
plates fixed to both the face and the edge as appropriate to end use, with teeth
orientated parallel and perpendicular to the grain, and loads applied both parallel and
perpendicular to the grain. Tooth loads so evaluated shall only apply for the type of
nail-plate tested.

d) Other connectors - for each connector type the basic or characteristic strength shall be
determined for connectors located in the face or edge as appropriate, and for load
directions both parallel and perpendicular to the grain direction.

Joint strength properties for SLVL containing cross-bands shall not be assumed to apply to
SLVL without cross-bands.

6.4 Adoption of strength group

Adoption of a strength group and hence strength group properties, as given in Annex C shall
be permitted, provided that none of the principal properties, the modulus of elasticity, and the
basic or characteristic strength properties in bending, tension and compression, shall be less
than the corresponding property given in MS 544: Part 12 for the adopted strength group.
The method of derivation of grade stress and typical design example for built-up members are
given in Annexes E1 and E2 respectively.

6.5 Adoption of joint strength group for nail, screws and bolts

A joint strength group, as given in MS 544: Part 12 may be adopted on the basis of testing a
single nail size and a single bolt size of the types and sizes included in MS 544: Part 12. The
joint strength group adopted shall be such that the basic working load determined in
accordance with AS/NZS 1649 for the nail in withdrawal or under lateral load, or for the
laterally loaded bolt, for any orientation of the nail or bolt and for any load direction, shall be
not lower than the corresponding value given for the joint strength group in MS 544: Part 12.

NOTE. The joint strength group for nails, screws and bolts determined in this clause should not be used for other
fastener types.

6.6 Structural design

6.6.1 General

The following information shall be used for the purposes of structural design performed in
accordance with MS 544: Part 12.

6.6.2 Section properties




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MS 2209:2009
10 STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved




6.6.2.1 Non-cross-banded SLVL

Section properties for non-cross-banded SLVL shall be calculated using full cross-sectional
properties in accordance with MS 544: Part 2 (see AS/NZS 2269:1994, Plywood - Structural).

6.6.2.2 Cross-banded SLVL

In assessing bending, tension and compressive strength and flexural rigidity of cross-banded
SLVL in the longitudinal direction, the designer should be reminded that the contribution of
any cross-banded veneers to area, first moment of area and second moment of area shall be
ignored. Manufacturer shall provide the net properties of the SLVL members.

In determining section properties, the thickness of an individual ply may be assumed to be in
proportion to its nominal thickness, as the finished minimum SLVL thickness is to the total of
the nominal veneer thickness.

EXAMPLE: For SLVL made up of 19 plies of veneer with a nominal thickness of 1.6 mm each, nominal SLVL
thickness should be 1.6 mm x 19 = 30.4 mm. If the finished nominal SLVL thickness becomes 28 mm, then the
individual veneer thickness could be assumed as:
mm 1.47
30.4
28
x mm 1.6 =
For a particular construction, where the cross-bands are the only variation to the
manufacturing specifications, and there are at least 10 longitudinal veneers, then the same
structural properties may be assumed to apply to that particular construction, but using the
modified section properties which ignore the cross-bands.

6.6.3 Longitudinal sawing or machining to reduce thickness

Structural SLVL shall not have its thickness reduced by longitudinal sawing or machining
unless a structural evaluation has been performed to assess the structural effect.

NOTE. Sawing or machining to reduce thickness resulting in the removal of continuous outer veneers and a reduction
in the number of parallel veneers may result in reduced strength properties.

6.6.4 Taper or curve cut SLVL

Design properties derived for SLVL with edges cut nominally parallel to the grain shall not be
assumed to apply for taper or curve cut members.


7 Structural verification

7.1 General

The system of verification of the structural properties dealt with in this clause requires that the
initial evaluation of SLVL, produced to the manufacturing specification, has been performed in
accordance with Clause 6.

7.2 Continuous monitoring of structural properties

A single structural property shall be measured for the purpose of predicting that the structural
properties of the current production conform to the structural properties claimed or published,
and derived from the testing program detailed in Clause 6.


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MS 2209:2009
STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved 11




The frequency of measurement of the structural property shall be such to verify that the SLVL
currently being produced continuously meets the stated properties derived from the testing
and evaluation program.

NOTE. Modulus of elasticity on flat, or testing of small-sized specimens in non-standard tests have been
successfully used for this purpose, but require calibration of results to the published or claimed design property.

7.3 Periodic monitoring of structural properties

A principal strength and principal stiffness property shall be measured periodically for the
purposes of verifying that there have been no changes in basic resource or process variables
that have affected the structural properties derived from the testing and evaluation program
detailed in Clause 6. Testing and evaluation of these principal properties shall be performed
in accordance with AS/NZS 4063:1992.

The frequency of testing shall be established at a rate to ensure that resource, seasonal or
other process variables have not caused the structural properties to fall below the values
published or claimed for the SLVL, derived from the testing and evaluation requirements
detailed in Clause 6.

7.4 Re-evaluation of structural properties

In the following situations, the structural properties of SLVL shall be re-evaluated.

a) Whenever the periodic monitoring of structural properties indicates a significant change
in properties or a failure to comply with claimed or published structural properties, then
either the process variable causing the change shall be identified and corrected, or
revised design properties shall be determined by performing a major re-evaluation of all
required design properties as detailed in Clause 6.

b) Whenever a significant change in resource or process variables is initiated, then a
major re-evaluation of all required design properties shall be performed for SLVL
manufactured to the revised manufacturing specification as detailed in Clause 6.

NOTE. Structural properties determined using in-grade testing only remain valid while the controlling process
variables remain within the limits defined in the manufacturing specification. Therefore, it is strongly recommended
that manufacture of SLVL is carried out under a third-party audited, process-based, quality control program (see
Clause F3).
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MS 2209:2009
12 STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved




Annex A
(normative)

General requirements for all veneers


All veneers in a finished SLVL shall comply with the following requirements:

a) Veneers shall be free from decay and active insect attack.

b) When veneers are tested in accordance AS 2098.6, the average peeler check depth
shall not exceed 60 % of the thickness of the veneer.

c) Veneers shall be smoothly and tightly cut to a uniform thickness.

d) Veneers may be in more than one piece.


Table A1. Veneer quality

Item Quality of veneer
Sound knot, dead knot, loose knot or hollow knot
The diameter in the widthwise direction should not be
more than 75 mm.
Patch
The diameter in the widthwise direction should not be
more than 100 mm.

Bark pocket, resin pocket, burl or vine streak

Shall not affect the serviceability of the product.
Decay Should be none.

Open split (including chip or open joint)

1. For split existing within 25 mm or less from the edge,
the width of the split should not be more than 6 mm.

2. For split existing within 25 mm to 200 mm from the
edge, the width of the split should not be more than 25
mm.

3. For split existing at 200 mm or more from the edge,
the width of the split should not be more than 75 mm.

Cross check Should not be significant.
Worm hole Should not affect the service ability of the products.
Other defects Should not be conspicuous.


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MS 2209:2009
STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved 13



Figure A1. Defects on veneer




Face grain
direction
Knot
Open split
Check
Patch
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MS 2209:2009
14 STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved




Annex B
(normative)

Strength group properties of SLVL


Table B1. Grade stresses for various strength groups of SLVL
(stresses and elastic moduli expressed in MPa)

Compression
Modulus of elasticity
(MOE)
Strength
group

Bending
(MOR)
Tension
parallel
to
longitudi
nal axis
Shear
parallel
to
longitudi
nal axis
Parallel to
longitudinal
axis
Perpendicular
to
longitudinal
axis
Mean Minimum
SGL 1 26.5 15.9 2.28 22.5 3.74 18 800 14 000
SGL 2 18.3 11.0 1.95 18.5 3.05 16 800 12 600
SGL 3 15.9 9.5 1.61 14.1 2.09 14 300 10 300
SGL 4 13.2 7.9 1.23 11.1 1.65 11 000 7 600
SGL 5 9.5 5.7 1.07 8.5 1.14 9 100 6 300
SGL 6 8.9 5.3 0.86 6.9 1.02 7 300 5 200
SGL 7 6.5 3.9 0.76 5.4 0.62 6 600 3 400

NOTE. The grade stresses are adopted from dry Standard Grade for solid wood in Table 4, MS 544: Part 2:2001



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Annex C
(informative)

Determination of structural properties for intended application

Table C1. Properties to be determined depending upon end use

Strength and stiffness Joint strength
Bending, shear and bearing
On flat On edge



Intended
application
Modulus
of
elasticity,
E
Basic
working
stress in
bending,
F
b

Basic
working
stress in
shear,
F
s

Basic working
stress for
bending
perpendicular
to the grain,
F
p

Modulus
of
elasticity,
E
Basic
working
stress in
bending,
F
b

Basic
working
stress in
bending
F
s

Basic working
stress for
bending
perpendicular
to the grain,
F
p

Basic
working
stress in
axial
tension,
F
t

Basic working
stress in
compression
parallel to the
grain,
F
c





Nails




Bolts



Nail
plates
General beams
used on edge
onl y









Scaffold planks
or other
applications
invol ving flat-
wise bending
onl y









General
structural use

Nail-plate
jointed trusses
(see Note 3)

NOTES:

1. Indicates property to be determined.
2. For limit state design, corresponding characteristic strength values should be determined.
3. Assumes on-edge orientation. Where used on flat, corresponding on flat-properties will be required.

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MS 2209:2009
16 STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved




Annex D
(informative)

Storage and handling of SLVL


SLVL requires care in storage and handling. The following suggestions will assist in ensuring
satisfactory structural performance and ease of installation.

a) SLVL should be kept dry during storage and transit.

b) SLVL should be stacked on stackers well clear off the ground and arranged
supporting surfaces are in line with each other.

c) Stackers should be spaced sufficiently close so that SLVL spanning between them
does not deflect excessively under its own weight.

d) Stackers or spacers within a stack should be located in near direct vertical alignment.

e) Care should be taken in lifting and handling SLVL in order to avoid mechanical
damage.





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MS 2209:2008
STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved 17




Annex E1
(informative)

Method of derivation of grade stress


For SLVL of 50 mm x 90 mm (w x d), from bending test conducted on 30 specimens, an
average, x and standard deviation, SD, of 100 and 15.19 MPa, respectively, were obtained.

Hence, 1 % lower probability limit,

the characteristic stress value = x 2.33SD

= 64.6 MPa

Grade stress with safety factor for bending of 2.5 =
2.5
2.33SD x
2.5

= 25.83 MPa

For depths of beams other than 300 mm, the grade bending stresses should be converted by
the depth modification factor K
6,
where,

K
6
= 1.17 for beams having a depth of 72 mm or less;

K
6
=

h
300
0.11
for beams having a depth greater than 72 mm and less than 300 mm; and

K
6
= 0.81

+
+
800) 56 (
300) 92 (
2
2
h
h
, for beams having a depth greater than 300 mm.

Hence to equate strength group of SLVL to that of the equivalent Standard Grade of solid
wood (MS 544: Part 2), currently used in Malaysia, we need to:

a) convert basic stress value obtained for depth of 90 mm to that of 300 mm; and

b) convert the value from that of 300 mm to that of 20 mm.

Thus, for the example above the equivalent grade stress values are:
a)

0.11
300
25.83
h
MPa = 22.66 MPa

b) 22.66 x 1.17 MPa = 26.5 MPa



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MS 2209:2009
18 STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved




With reference to Table C1, the grade stress obtained falls under MSG1 provided
requirements for other key properties such as Modulus of elasticity (MOE), shear parallel to
the grain and etc., are also met.

For quality control purpose, assuming 5 random samples (n) of 50 mm x 80 mm (w x d) were
taken from the factory and tested, and mean bending strength x of 80 MPa and standard
deviation of 10 MPa (s) were obtained.

Hence for safety factor, SF, for bending of 2.5,

( ) [ ] ( ) ( ) [ ] ; 5 . 72 10 75 . 3 110 = = SF s t - x

for n = 3, d.f. = 5-1=4, t = 3.75

c) To convert to the equivalent d = 300 mm

62.7
1.156
72.5
80
300
72.5
0.11
= =

=

d) To convert to the equivalent d = 20 mm

73.4 1.17 x 62.7
80
300
1.17 x 72.5

0.11
= =

=

For MSG1, the characteristic test value expected is 26.5 x 2.5 = 66.25.

Since 73.4 > 66.25, therefore it is acceptable to use this batch of production as MSG1.
However other key properties also need to be evaluated.




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MS 2209:2008
STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved 19




Annex E2
(informative)

Typical design of built-up members


For SLVL of 50 mm x 90 mm (w x d), from bending test conducted on 30 specimens, an
average, x and standard deviation, SD, of 100 and 15.19 MPa, respectively, were obtained.

As in Annex E1, the corresponding grade stress = 25.83 MPa.

For subsequent design, if 50 mm x 90 mm dimensions were to be used in practice, no depth
factor is needed. For other depths such as below, some correction has to be done.

If the members were glued up to produce a built-up member of 50 mm x 270 mm (w x d),
similar approach as Annex E1 is used.

a) To convert to depth of 300 mm
a
90
300
25.83

0.11

=



b) To convert to new depth of 270 mm = MPa
0.11
270
300
X
0.11
90
300
25.83

= 25.83 X MPa
11 . 0
3
1

= 25.83 X 0.886 = 22.89 MPa

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MS 2209:2009
20 STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved




Annex F
(informative)

Means for demonstrating compliance with this standard


F1. Scope

This annex sets out the following different means by which compliance with this standard can
be demonstrated by the manufacturer or supplier:

a) assessment by means of statistical sampling;

b) the use of a product certification scheme;

c) assurance using the acceptability of the suppliers quality system; and

d) other such means proposed by the manufacturer or supplier and acceptable to the
customer.


F2. Statistical sampling

Statistical sampling is a procedure which enables decisions to be made about the quality of
batches of items after inspecting or testing only a portion of those items. This procedure will
only be valid if the sampling plan has been determined on a statistical basis and the following
requirements are met.

a) The sample shall be drawn randomly from a population of product of known history.
The history shall enable verification that the product was made from known materials at
essentially the same time by essentially the same processes and under essentially the
same system of control.

b) For each different situation, a suitable sampling plan needs to be defined. A sampling
plan for one manufacturer of given capability and product throughput may not be
relevant to another manufacturer producing the same items.

In order for statistical sampling to be meaningful to the customer, the manufacturer or supplier
needs to demonstrate how the above conditions have been satisfied. Sampling and the
establishment of a sampling plan should be carried out.


F3. Product certification

The purpose of product certification is to provide independent assurance of the claim by the
manufacturer that products comply with the stated Australian, New Zealand or International
Standard.

The certification scheme should meet the criteria of ISO/IEC Guide 65 in that, as well as full
type testing from independently sampled production and subsequent verification of
conformance. It requires the manufacturer to maintain an effective quality plan to control
production to ensure conformance with the relevant standard.

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MS 2209:2008
STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved 21




The certification scheme serves to indicate that the products consistently conform to the
requirements of the standard.


F4. Suppliers quality system

Where the manufacturer or supplier can demonstrate an audited and registered quality
management system complying with the requirements of the appropriate or stipulated
Malaysian or International Standard for a suppliers quality system or systems, this may
provide the necessary confidence that the specified requirements will be met. The quality
assurance requirements need to be agreed between the customer and supplier and should
include a quality or inspection and test plan to ensure product conformity.

Guidance in determining the appropriate quality management system is given in MS ISO
9001:2000 and MS ISO 9004:2000


F5. Other means of assessment

If the above methods are considered inappropriate, determination of compliance with the
requirements of this standard may be assessed by being based on the results of testing
coupled with the manufacturers guarantee of product conformance.

Irrespective of acceptable quality levels (AQLs) or test frequencies, the responsibility remains
with the manufacturer or supplier to supply products that conform to the full requirements of
the standard.

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MS 2209:2009
22 STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved




Annex G
(informative)

Bibliography


[1] ISO/IEC Guide 65, General requirements for bodies operating product certification
systems

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STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2009 - All rights reserved




Acknowledgements


Members of Technical Committee on Timber and Timber Products

Mr S. Rajan (Chairman) Malaysian Timber Industry Board
Ms Nor Shahira Mat Nasir (Secretary) Malaysian Timber Industry Board
Ir Noraini Bahri/
Mr Rofizlan Ahmad
Construction Industry Development Board
Malaysia
Dr Rahim Sudin/
Dr Mohamad Omar Mohd Khaidzir
Forest Research Institute Malaysia
Mr Khairi Mohd. Nasib/
Ir Saiful Muzamir Ismail
Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia
Mr James Joshue/
Mr Zamrie Imiyabir
Forestry Department of Sabah
Ir Zulkifli Ahmad Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
Mr Chong Lee Hooi/
Mr Tan Chong Yin
Malaysian Furniture Industry Council
Ar Wooi Lok Kuang Malaysian Institute of Architects
Mr Larry Loo Say Leng Malaysian Panel-Products Manufacturers'
Association
Dr Wong Tuck Meng/
Ms Hamidah Abdullah
Malaysian Timber Council
Ms Roslina Idris Malaysian Timber Industry Board
Mr Yong Tai Lim Malaysian Wood Industries Association
Mr Sunny Wee Thiam Hwa/
Mr Christ Tan Ching Hock
Malaysian Wood Moulding and Joinery Council
Dr Clarence Tan Chiat Lin/
Mr Corsia Tan
Malaysian Wood Preserving Association
Mr Zaini Ithnin Hj A. Razak Persatuan Pengusaha Kayu-Kayan dan Perabot
Bumiputera Malaysia
Y.Bhg Datu Haji Len Talif Salleh/
Mr Nicholas Andrew Lissem
Sarawak Timber Industry Development
Corporation
Ms Salbiah Yaakop/
Mr Abd Karim Abd Razak
SIRIM Berhad
Mr D.G. Frost Timber Exporters Association of Malaysia
Assoc Prof Dr Paridah Md Tahir/
Assoc Prof Dr. Zaidon Ashaari
Universiti Putra Malaysia


Members of Working Group on Structural Laminated Veneer Lumber

Dr Tan Yu Eng (Chairman) Forest Research Institute Malaysia
Ms Kamariah Mohd Noordin (Secretary) Malaysian Timber Industry Board
Mr Chee Yuh Sheng CHG Plywood Sdn Bhd
Ms Hanishahani Othman Construction Industry Development Board
Malaysia
Mr Azman Mohd Ariffin Permint Plywood Sdn Bhd
Assoc Prof Ir Dr Mohd Zamin Jumaat Universiti Malaya
Assoc Prof Dr Paridah Md Tahir Universiti Putra Malaysia


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