InSight User Manual

InSight
Land Surveying Utility Programs Library
For Casio FX-7400G+


User Manual













N
E

InSight User Manual























Support : insight4survey.wordpress.com

Distributor : Marco Corporation (M) Sdn. Bhd. www.marco-groups.com



This publication makes reference to Casio FX-7400G+, a registered trademark of
Casio Computer Inc.



2007 QED Education Scientific Sdn. Bhd.

InSight User Manual is published by
QED Education Scientific Sdn Bhd.
PO Box 3307, 47507,
Subang Jaya, Selangor,
Malaysia.
InSight User Manual

CONTENTS


Pages
PART 1 Getting Started With FX-7400G+ and InSight
1.1 Some Questions and Answers 1
1.2 Scientific Calculations 2
1.3 Entering Data 2
1.4 Error Messages 3
1.5 Overview of InSight 4
1.5.1 Program Listing and Free Memory Required 4
1.5.2 Input and Data Storage Limitations 5
1.5.3 Measurement Units and Data Input 5
1.5.4 Data Error and Fail-safe 6
1.5.5 Abbreviations and Symbols Used 6

PART 2 PROGRAM LIBRARY
2.1 START Interface Program 7
2.2 Using UTILITY 8
2.3 Using AREA 10
2.4 Using VOLUME 13
2.5 Using CIRCLE 15
2.6 Using TRISOLVE 17
2.7 Using LEVEL 19
2.8 COGO Interface Program 20
2.9 Using OFFSET 21
2.10 Using RADIAL 23
2.11 Using XSECT 26
2.12 Using TRAVRS 30
2.13 CURVE Interface Program 35
2.14 Using CIRCULAR 36
2.15 Using SPIRAL 40

InSight User Manual

END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT (EULA)

Please read this EULA before using InSight Utility Program Library (UTILITY). By using the
UTILITY, you are agreeing to be bound by the terms of this license. If you do not agree to the
terms, please do not use the UTILITY.

1. License. The UTILITY is licensed to you by QED Education Scientific Sdn. Bhd. (QED) for
use solely under the terms of this EULA. QED retains all intellectual property rights to the
UTILITY. The rights granted to you include any upgrades that supplement the original UTILITY,
unless such upgrade contains a separate license. You acknowledge and agree that the UTILITY
is copyrighted and protected under the copyright laws.

2. Restriction & Transfer. This license allows you to install and use one copy of the UTILITY on
a single FX-7400G+ at a time. You may not reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble, or
create derivative works from the UTILITY. You may not market, distribute, rent, assign, loan, or
transfer copies of the UTILITY or electronically transfer the UTILITY from one calculator to
another, or over any computer network.

4. Disclaimer of Warranties. The UTILITY is furnished as is, without warranty of any kinds.
QED does not warrant that the UTILITY is free from bugs, errors, defects, or other program
limitations.

5. Limitation of Liability. To the extent not prohibited by law, QED will in no event be liable for
direct, indirect, special, consequential, or incidental damages resulting from any bugs, errors,
defect, or limitation in the UTILITY, including, without limitation, any interruption of service, loss
of business, loss of profits or good will, legal action or any other consequential damages. You
assume all responsibility arising from the use of the UTILITY.



SUPPORT

If you need support on using InSight, please visit the InSight Support Weblog maintained by the
programmers at insight4survey.wordpress.com. Current news about the program library and
various resources of other Casio models are available at the weblog. You can also email for
support to the address insight4survey@yahoo.com.

Support for FX-7400G+ is provided by Casio authorized distributor, Marco Corporation (M) Sdn.
Bhd. You can contact them at No 2, 2
nd
Floor, Jalan Segambut, 51200, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Tel: +603-4043 3111. This limited warranty support is only available if you bought your FX-
7400G+ through Marco Corporation or its subsidiaries in Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore,
Cambodia, Vietnam and Brunei.



ABOUT

InSight is a library of utility programs which perform land surveying calculations. As of February
2007, the most current version is version 1.1. It is written using Basic available in the FX-
7400G+. It takes up 15,835 bytes of memory in the FX-7400G+ and requires another 1,570
bytes of memory during execution. InSight is written by a team from QED Education Scientific.



InSight User Manual

1
PART 1 Getting Started With FX-7400G+ and Insight


Firstly, we would strongly advice you to read up Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 of the FX-7400G+
Users Guide to learn about using the calculator. You can find out about programming at
Chapter 8, and on statistical calculation at Chapter 7.

You should use this manual in tandem with the FX-7400G+ Users Guide. If you cannot find
answer to you query from both manuals, please contact us at insight4survey@yahoo.com.



1.1 SOME QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Question 1: How to get my FX-7400G+ working after it is out of the box?
ANSWER: We have put in 2 additional batteries during installation. You can start using the
calculator right out of the box. Just press the grey O key. We also recommend
that you read up Chapter 1 of the Users Guide to learn more.


Question 2: What is this icon menu that I see when I turn on my FX-7400G+?
ANSWER: All calculator functions are put into areas call modes. You can either access
each mode by first selecting it using the 4-way navigation key, and then press
l, or you can choose a number from 1 to 9.
For example, to do scientific calculations we scroll to the icon Q and press l,
or we just tap 1 once. For programming, it is the icon S or the number 9. To
access different modes we must return to the icon menu by tapping on p.


Question 3: Where can I do scientific calculation at this calculator?
ANSWER: Go to Q or RUN mode. It is the scientific calculator.


Question 4: How do I check my calculator memory status?
ANSWER: Turn on calculator, select the icon H and press l. Now you are in the MEM
mode. You will see the calculator current memory status here. Please find out
more about memory status in Chapter 2 of Users Guide.



Be careful when selecting RESET or DEL here as you may unintentionally delete important
data permanently.


Question 5: How do I access the programs library of InSight?
Answer 1: Again, press O to turn on the calculator and then press 6. You should see
the program list, which begins with the program START. More programs are
down the list. You can scroll down with N.
InSight User Manual

2
1.2 SCIENTIFIC CALCULATIONS

Example: Find ) ' ' 33 ' 17 30 sin( .
1. Turn on the calculator and select RUN mode.

O1

2. Enter the expression and then calculate.

h30i$w$q
17q33q
l


Example: Edit ) ' ' 33 ' 17 30 sin( to find ) " 33 ' 47 30 sin( .
1. After the previous example, edit the expression then recalculate.

!!!!!!!

2. Edit 1 to 4, and then find the new value.

4l


Example: Find 73 . 0 cos
1
and display answer in DMS form.
1. Enter the expression and find the said angle.

Lj0.73l

2. Display the angle in DMS.

i$w$w



1.3 ENTERING DATA

We shall discuss about entering data at FX-7400G+ using the utility program AREA, in
particular the function HERON. Now, go to PRGM mode, and with START selected, press
ll to go to START home screen. Then, press 3l to run AREA.




.
InSight User Manual

3
Example: Find the area of the triangle in Fig. 1 using HERON.




1. Choose HERON, and enter the sides lengths. For the sake of this example, suppose we
accidentally key in 40.57 for 48.57, but have not register the entry.

1ll
40.57

2. You could scroll back, make deletions, and key in the correct entry.

!!!!PPPP
8.57l
46.35l
23.63ll

3. A quicker way is to clear the incorrect entry, and key in the right one. So after step (1), do
the following.

O
48.57l
46.35l
23.63ll



1.4 ERROR MESSAGES

On some occasion while working on the calculators such as doing scientific calculations or
executing certain programs, you might chance upon error messages as follow:



When these messages are shown, the calculator will hang for a moment. To return to normal
operation, press O, or you can press !$ to locate the error and correct it.

Read Appendix C in the Users Guide to learn more about these error messages and the
proper countermeasures.
Fig. 1
InSight User Manual

4
1.5 OVERVIEW OF INSIGHT

InSight is a library of land surveying utility programs. Each program can do one or a few
specific functions. Version 1.1 has 34 functions, and there should be a few more upgrades later.

We wrote a START program that accesses all the programs and put it top of the program list for
convenience. However, you may write your own start program which accesses certain programs
only. For this purpose, you can use the empty program files P1 and P2.



All in there are 12 core programs, 10 subprograms plus 3 interface programs. The memory size
of these programs and subprograms is 15,801 bytes, which is 79% of the total memory
available in FX-7400G+. In addition, 2 empty program files are put at top of program list for the
user. You should ensure certain amount of free memory is available when running the program.
See table in 1.5.1 below for details.


1.5.1 Program Listing and Free Memory Required

Program Brief Descriptions Size(byte) Free Memory
START Interface to access all main programs. 275 -
CURVE Interface to access CIRCULAR & SPIRAL. 134 -
COGO Interface to access TRAVRS, RADIAL, OFFSET & XSECT. 167 -
P1, P2 Empty Program Files for User 34 -
A to H Subprograms to supplement main programs. 586 -
INI Subprogram. Initialises List 1 to 5. 75 -
SP Subprogram. Supplement Circular and Spiral. 789 -
SP2 Subprogram. Supplement Circular and Spiral. 127 -
AREA Perform plane area calculation. 785 320
CIRCLE Solution of Circles using coordinates. 826 320
CIRCULAR Sets out circular/simple curve. 1074 1590
LEVEL Leveling using Height of Instrument method. 293 320
OFFSET Calculate offset, chainage and coordinates. 759 320
RADIAL Sets out with WCB, distance, and coordinates. 922 1340
TRISOLVE Solution of Triangles. 970 320
TRAVRS Close and Open Traverse, and Inverse. 2600 1340
SPIRAL Sets out transitional curves. 2151 1590
UTILITY Decimal configuration and some calculators. 500 320
VOLUME Volume calculation. 850 320
XSECT Calculate intersection and resection of point. 1918 320

Outputs from TRAVRS, RADIAL, CIRCULAR and SPIRAL are stored in lists; therefore, larger
free memory is necessary for running these 4 programs than the rest.
InSight User Manual

5
1.5.2 Input and Data Storage Limitations

The INI program initializes the lists so user can store a maximum of 25 sets of data. For
instance, in a closed traverse where there are 25 stations or less, all set out data will be stored
in List 1 to List 4. However, anything beyond will cause a Dim ERROR as follow.



All entries into FX-7400G+ must satisfy the input ranges as specified in Appendix D of Users
Guide.


1.5.3 Measurement Units and Data Input

InSight reads input representing length in meter (m). Output of such representation is in m as
well. Angular data is entered and outputted in DMS form. For example, 533624.7 is entered
as 53.36247. We shall illustrate this further using the program TRIG later.

When reading station position, InSight prompts first for Northing and then Easting of the station.
The output of station position is in this order as well.

Example: Solve the triangle in Fig. 2, given the lengths of two sides and an angle.



1. Run START, choose TRIG and then choose 2-SIDE 1A. Enter the data given and then tap
l a few times to view all outputs.

O6ll
5l2ll

22.38l
26.57l
45.2716l


lllllll


Angle A = 55.432329 represents 554323.29. So, Angle B is 784920.71. The length of Side
c is 19.302 m.
Fig. 2
InSight User Manual

6
1.5.4 Data Error and Fail-safe

Most of the utility programs have fail-safe codes written into them to prevent mathematical error
and improper entry. For example, when you are at START home screen, the program only
reads entry which is an integer from 1 to 8, and refreshes the screen if you enter some other
values.



If you enter say 15, 20, 50 as the lengths of sides for a triangle in the TRIG program, you shall
see the error message above right, because these lengths cannot possibly form a triangle.

Measures are taken to ensure these fail-safe procedures do not in anyway affect the output.
You will discover them as you go along using InSight.


1.5.5 Abbreviations and Symbols Used

For the user interface of InSight, we adopted some common and not so common abbreviations
and symbols in surveying. We also prescribed a few unusual acronyms such as TC and SC.
Here is the listing of these abbreviations. We shall use them in the manual hereon.

Abbr. Meaning Abbr. Meaning
# Number of BS Back Sight
Pt Point IS Intermediate Sight
Stn Station FS Fore Sight
Ang Angle, Angular RL Reduced Level
N Northing
E Easting Stuffs Specially for CURVE
Dist Distance IP Intersection Point
Brg Bearing, WCB R Radius
AB From A to B Lc Circular Arc Length
Chain Chainage (in m) Ls Spiral Arc Length
CTRL Control, Central Arc L Total Arc/Curve Length
REF Reference TC Straight to Circular Point
Hz Horizontal CT Circular to Straight Point
Vert Vertical Tan T Tangent Distance
dN Latitude Ext E External Distance
dE Departure TS Straight to Spiral Point
Fwd Forward SC Spiral to Circular Point
BM Bench Mark CS Circular to Spiral Point
IH Instrument Height ST Spiral to Straight Point
InSight User Manual

7
PART 2 Program Libraries


2.1 START Interface Program

Functions : An interface to access all main programs.

To Run : Press O6l when unit is turn off.




The most important interface program in InSight is START. This program is purposely put at
top of program list so its easy for user to start InSight. You can access all 12 main programs
here. Again, to run this program, turn on the calculator and then press 6ll.

The START home screen has 8 selections where each one represents a certain category of
calculations. If you want to leave just hit OO and you are back to RUN mode.

START


1l 2l 3l 4l 5l 6l 7l 8l


Coordinate
Geometry
Horizontal
Curve
Calculation
of Areas
Calculation
of Volume
Solution of
Triangles
Solution of
Circles
COGO CURV AREA VOLU TRIG CIRC LEVEL UTI
- Traverse
- Offset
- Radial
- Resection
- Intersection
- Circular
- Spiral
- Heron
- Coordinate
- Simpson

- End Areas
- Prismoidal
- Grid Level
- 3 Sides
- 2-Side 1A
- 2-Angle 1A
- 2 Points
- 3 Points
- Leveling - Dec. Fix
- m
2
Acre
- DMS Mean
- 2 Pts. Polar

Referring to the chart above, if you want to do volume calculation, you would choose VOLU with
4l, and go on from there. We shall look at each selection/programs in details later.

We suggest you always run InSight from START, because certain initializations are performed
in there. From hereon, we shall discuss programs functions with the assumption that we are
going to access them from START.

When we begin with START, all non-angular outputs such as distance, are by default displayed
in 3 decimal places, while angles are always displayed in 6 decimal places, or DD.MMSSSS.

You however can use P1 and P2 to write your own start page. For support of writing program
you can visit the support weblog. In any events that you are accessing these program libraries
differently, please ignore explanations which refer to the START program in this manual.

START Home Screen
InSight User Manual

8
2.2 Using UTILITY (UTI)

Functions : DEC Fix, m
2
Arcre, 2-Pt Solve, 2-DMS Mean.

To Run : At START home screen, press 8l to enter UTI home.




2.2.1 DEC Fix (1l)

Introduction : Sets decimal places of non-angular outputs between 2 and 5.
Input : 2, 3, 4, and 5 only.
Output : -.

Example: Set InSight to display non-angular output in 5 decimal places.
1. Select DEC Fix, choose 5, and then return to UTI home.

1l5ll




2.2.2 m
2
Arcre (2l)

Introduction : Converts area quoted in m
2
to its Acre equivalent.
Input : Area in m
2
.
Output : The same area in Acre.

Example: Following previous example, convert 21,045.35 m
2
to its Acre equivalent.
1. Select m
2
Arcre, enter area for the conversion. Then, return to UTI home.

2l
21045.35l
ll

Note how the output data is displayed in 5 decimal places.



2.2.3 2-Pt Solve (3l)

Introduction : Calculates bearings and distance of 2 points.
Input : Pt 1 (N1, E1) and Pt 2 (N2, E2).
Output : Bearings of lines 12 and 21, also the shortest distance between points.

Example: Given that the coordinates of Stn 1 and Stn 2 are (102 mN, -147.2 mE) and
(35.7 mN, 98.61 mE) respectively, find the bearing of line 12 and the distance of these 2
stations as illustrated in Fig. 3.
UTI Home
InSight User Manual

9



1. First select 2-Pt Solve, enter the coordinates for computation, then return to UTI home.

3l
102ln147.2l
35.7l98.61l

ll
ll


The distance between the 2 stations is 254.594 and the bearing of line 12 is 1050540.74.



2.2.4 2-DMS Mean (4l)

Introduction : Calculates the mean of 2 angles in DMS form.
Input : Two angles in DMS form.
Output : Arithmetic mean of the two angles in DMS form.

Example: Find the mean of the angles 672247.61 and 223712.39.
1. Select 2-DMS Mean, register the 2 angles to find the mean, and then return to UTI home.

4l
67.224761l
22.371239l
ll

The mean angle calculated is exactly 45.
Fig. 3
InSight User Manual

10
2.3 Using AREA (AREA)

Functions : HERON, CORDINATE, SIMPSON.

To Run : At START home screen, press 3l to enter AREA home.




2.3.1 HERON (1l)

Introduction : Finds areas of a series of triangles and their total area.
Input : Lengths of triangles sides.
Output : Area of current triangle; total area of all triangles.

We have discussed HERON earlier. Here we look at a slightly different example.

Example: Find the area formed by 2 triangles in Fig. 4.



1. Choose HERON, and enter the side lengths of the bottom triangle.

1ll
48.57l
46.35l
23.63ll

2. Next opt to continue and enter side lengths of the top triangle. Then return to AREA home.

l1ll
40.6l
36.94l
48.57ll

l99l


The areas of the two triangles are 540.684 m
2
and 731.847 m
2
respectively. The total area is
1272.531 m
2
.
Fig. 4
AREA Home
InSight User Manual

11
2.3.2 CORDINATE (2l)

Introduction : Finds area of polygon using the vertices (stations).
Input : Number of station and coordinates of stations, entered clockwise or anti-clock.
Output : Area of the polygon.

Example: Find the area of the polygon formed by these stations given here.

Station N E
1 1001.3 498.3
2 2013.7 643.9
3 1996.2 775.8
4 1301.0 790.5
5 1049.3 530.7

1. Choose CORDINATE, and register the number of stations.

2l
5l

2. Enter the coordinates of the stations to find the polygon area. Then return to AREA home.

l1001.3l498.3l
l2013.7l643.9l
l1996.2l775.8l
l1301l
790.5l
l1049.3l
530.7ll



2.3.3 SIMPSON (3l)

Introduction : Finds area bounded by a line and an irregular boundary using Simpsons Rule.
Input : Number of offsets (must be odd), equidistant interval between offsets, and the
offset readings from line to boundary.
Output : The area bounded by the line and the irregular boundary.

Example: Find the area bounded by a line and boundary as depicted in Fig. 5.

Offset No. Distance Offset (m)
1 0 m 5.49
2 20 m 7.63
3 40 m 7.80
4 60 m 5.83
5 80 m 7.54


Fig. 5
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12
1. Choose SIMPSON, and then enter number of offsets and interval (d) when prompted.

3l
5l
20l

If you enter non-odd number for # Offset, the page just refreshes and returns to prompt mode.

2. Enter the offsets data for area computation.

l5.49l
l7.63l
l7.8l
l5.83l
l7.54l
l

The bounded area in Fig. 5 is thus 549.8 m
2
.

InSight User Manual

13
2.4 Using VOLUME (VOLU)

Functions : END AREAS, PRISMOIDAL, GRID LEVEL.

To Run : At START home screen, press 4l to enter VOLU home.




2.4.1 END AREAS (1l)

Introduction : Computes volume using cross-section areas in End Areas method.
Input : Number of areas, equidistant interval between areas, and cross-section areas.
Output : Volume formed by the cross-sections.

Example: The cross-section areas of an embankment are given as 70.2 m
2
, 91.23 m
2
and
108.85 m
2
respectively, calculate its volume. The cross-sections are all 25 m apart.
1. Select END AREAS, and enter the number of areas and the distance between these areas.

1l
3l
25l

2. Now enter the cross-section areas for volume computation.

l70.2l
l91.23l
l108.85l
l

The volume of the embankment is thus 4518.875 m
3
.



2.4.2 PRISMOIDAL (2l)

Introduction : Compute volume using cross-section areas in Prismoidal method.
Input : Number of areas, interval between cross-section and their areas.
Output : Volume formed by the cross-sections.

Example: We shall revisit the example used in 2.4.1 (see above.)
1. Choose PRISMOIDAL, then enter the number of areas and interval.

2l
3l
25l
VOLU Home
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14
2. Next enter the area data for the volume computation.

l70.2l
l91.23l
l108.85ll

The volume of the embankment calculated using PRISMOIDAL is thus 4533.083 m
3
. Generally
this method is more accurate than END AREAS, and hence the differing outputs.



2.4.3 GRID LEVEL (3l)

Introduction : Computes volume by multiplying area of triangular grid to heights/depths of all
3 corner stations of each triangle.
Input : Depths/heights of corners and total of triangles each station occurs in.
Output : Volume.

Example: Calculate the volume of earth to be excavated over the plot in Fig. 6, with the
excavation depths as given.

Station Depth (m) Occurrence
1 4.25 1
2 3.80 3
3 4.52 2
4 5.77 2
5 3.98 3
6 4.31 1


1. Go to GRID LEVEL. Enter the triangles base (a) and height (b) when prompted.

3l
10l15l
l

2. Enter the stations excavation depth and grids occurrence. When last data is entered,
choose to end the data entry process.

4.25l1l1l
l3.8l3l1l
l4.52l2l1l
l5.77l2l1l
l3.98l3l1l
l4.31l1l

99ll

The volume of earth excavated is thus 1312 m
3
.
1
10 m
1
5

m

2 3
4 5 6
Plot is divided into 4 triangles
Fig. 6
InSight User Manual

15
2.5 Using CIRCLE (CIRC)

Functions : 2 POINTS, 3 POINTS.

To Run : At START home screen, press 6l to enter CIRC home.






2.5.1 2 POINTS (1l)

Introduction : Calculates centre given the radius and positions of 2 points on the circle.
Input : Centres relative position, its radius and Pt 1 (N1, E1) and Pt 2 (N2, E2).
Output : N, E of centre.

Example: Referring to Fig. 7, solve the circle using coordinates of Stn 1 and Stn 2.
1. Go to 2 POINTS, and then enter centres relative position to the line Stn 1Stn 2. Finally,
enter both points position and radius.

1l
2l
270.9l
240.5l
470.3l
400.6l
173.997l
llll

The centre is thus (296.715 mN, 412.571 mE) as in Fig. 7.
Fig. 7
CIRC Home
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16
2.5.2 3 POINTS (2l)

Introduction : Calculates centre given the positions of 3 points on the circle.
Input : N, E of all 3 points.
Output : N, E of circle centre and radius.

Example: Again referring to Fig. 7, solve the circle using Stn 1, Stn 2 and Stn 3.
1. Go to 3 POINTS, and then enter the stations position data.

2l
270.9l
240.5l
190l
550l
470.3l
400.6l

llll



The centre is (296.715 mN, 412.571 mE) and radius is 173.997 m, as shown in Fig. 7.

InSight User Manual

17
2.6 Using TRISOLVE (TRIG)

Functions : 3-SIDE, 2-SIDE 1A, 2-ANGLE 1S.

To Run : At START home screen, press 5l to enter TRIG home.




2.6.1 3-SIDE (1l)

Introduction : Solves a triangle when the lengths of its sides are given.
Input : Lengths of all 3 sides.
Output : Lengths of all 3 sides, triangle area and the 3 internal angles.

Example: Solve the triangles in Fig. 8 using the lengths of side given.




1. Choose 3-SIDE, and then enter the lengths in the order prompted.

1l
5l12l
13llll

lll
ll


The triangle is right-angled with the internal angles of A = 223711.51, B = 672248.49 and C
= 90. The area is 30 m
2
.



2.6.2 2-SIDE 1A (2l)

Introduction : Solves a triangle when an internal angle plus lengths of 2 sides are known.
Input : Lengths of 2 sides plus 1 internal angle.
Output : Lengths of all 3 sides, area and the 3 internal angles.

We have discussed this function at 1.5.3 in page 5. It is designed to solve the specific triangle
problem (see Fig. 9) where the known internal angle is formed by the 2 known sides.
Fig. 8
TRIG Home
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18




2.6.3 2-ANGLE 1S (3l)

Introduction : Solves a triangle where 2 internal angles and the length of 1 side are known.
Input : Length of 1 side and 2 internal angles.
Output : Lengths of all 3 sides, area and the 3 internal angles.

This function helps solve a specific 2-side 1-angle triangle problem (see Fig. 10) where the 2
known internal angles are on the known side.



Example: Solve the triangle ABC given that: Side a is 25 m, angle of B is 161536.74
and angle of C is 734423.26.
1. Choose 2-ANGLE 1S, and enter the data in the order prompted.

3ll
25l16.153674l
73.442326l

2. Continue tapping l to view all output data.

lll


lll
ll



So the internal angles of Angle A = 90, Side b = 7 m, c = 24 m and area is 84 m
2
.
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
InSight User Manual

19
2.7 Using LEVEL (LEVEL)

Functions : LEVELLING.

To Run : At START home screen, press 7l to start this program.


Introduction : Performs levelling run using Height of Collimation method.
Input : BM, BS, IS (intermediate point sighting), and FS.
Output : Instrument Height and the stations RL.

Example: Complete the following level field book using the collected field data (in bold).
During this exercise, assume that the data in italic are not yet computed.

Stn. (m) BackSight I. Height ForeSight InterSight R. Level Note
BM 1.76 90.43 88.67 m
0+ 0 3.26 87.17
0+ 20 2.13 88.30
0+ 40 4.73 92.31 2.85 87.58
Turn Pt 1
0+ 60 3.21 89.10

1. After LEVEL starts, enter benchmark (BM) and backsight (BS). This would yield the
Instrument Height (IH). Then, select a correct sighting for next station.

88.67l
1.76l
l7l

2. Enter the sighting data, and then choose the correct sighting for next station. Do this until a
Turn Point (Turn Pt) is encountered.

3.26ll
7l2.13l
l1l

3. Enter the Foresight (FS) and BS for the Turn Pt, and then repeat step (2) above.

2.85lll
4.73ll

99l
3.21l
ll

The field book is thus now completed.
InSight User Manual

20
2.8 COGO Interface Program (COGO)

Functions : Interface to access TRAVERSE, OFFSET, RADIAL, and XSECT.

To Run : At START home screen, press 1l to enter COGO home.




The interface program COGO is a home screen to access 4 programs, which give us functions
such as traverse, offset calculation, intersection, resection, radiation, stadia survey etc. In total
there are 13 functions as illustrated at the chart below. COGO does not do any initialization.

COGO


1l 2l 3l 4l


TRAVERSE OFFSET X-SECTION RADIAL
- Closed Traverse
- Connect Line
- Open Traverse
- Inverse
- Offset to line
- Point On line
- Intersection
~ 2-Bearing, 2-Distance
- Resection
~ 2 points, 3 points
- Shoot Coordinate
- Bearing-distance
- Stadia mapping

We shall begin by discussing the program OFFSET, followed by RADIAL, X-SECT (X-
SECTION) and finally TRAVRS (TRAVERSE).

Note that the programs RADIAL, TRAVERSE and XSECT store certain input and output data in
lists, hence 1590 bytes worth of free memory is required when running these programs.

To view these data stored in the lists, first exit from the program by either following the on
screen instructions, or tap OO to halt the program. Then, press p to go to the icon
menu, and then press 3 to enter LIST mode. You can scroll thorough the lists using the 4-way
navigation button.

Lists are initialized and their data deleted at each time you run RADIAL, TRAVERSE and
XSECT. This is the same when you run the curve set out programs of CIRCULAR and SPIRAL.

COGO Home
InSight User Manual

21
2.9 Using OFFSET

Functions : Offset, On Line.

To Run : At COGO home screen, press 2l to enter OFFSET home.







2.9.1 Offset (1l)

Introduction : Finds offset and the perpendicularity of a point relative to a reference line.
Input : N, E of Station 1 and 2 of reference line, and N, E of offset point.
Output : Bearing-distance of reference line, chainage and position on reference line
perpendicular to offset point, and offset to the point. Positive offset means offset
is to right of reference line while negative means the offset is to the left.

Example: Referring to Fig. 10, find the offsets of points A1 and B1 from the reference line.
1. Choose Offset, and then enter positions of Stn 1 and Stn 2.

1l
500l600l
550l
510.6lll

2. Enter the coordinates of A1 and chainage and position of A are computed. Offset of A1 from
reference line is also computed.

l
533.6l
575.2ll
ll
OFFSET Home
Fig. 10
InSight User Manual

22
3. Choose to continue and enter the coordinates of B1 for the same computation. Then, return
to OFFSET home.

l1ll
508l
516.2l
lll

l99l




2.9.2 On Line (2l)

Introduction : Calculates position of known chainage on reference line and the offset points
to left and to right of this position.
Input : N, E of Station 1 and 2 of reference line, the known chainage on reference
line, and the offset from chainage.
Output : Bearing-distance of reference line, position of the chainage on reference line
and corresponding positions of offset points to left and to right.

Example: Referring to Fig. 10 and output data from 2.9.1, find the positions of A and A1,
the offset point to the right of A.
1. Choose On Line, and then enter position of Stn 1 and Stn 2.

2l
500l600l
550l
510.6ll

2. Enter the chainage and offset computed in 2.9.1 to find positions of A and A1. (Recall that
chainage is 38.046 m and the offset is 17.22 m.)

l
38.046ll


l
17.22lll
ll
99l



InSight User Manual

23
2.10 Using RADIAL

Functions : CORDINATE, BRG-DIST, STADIA.

To Run : At COGO home screen, press 4l to enter RADIAL home.




2.10.1 CORDINATE (1l)

Introduction : Finds the coordinates of reference point when bearing and horizontal distance
from a control point are known.
Input : N, E of the control point, bearing of control to reference point, and the
horizontal distance between control and reference points.
Output : N, E of the reference point.
Data Lists : BrgList 1, Hz DistList 2, EList 3, NList 4.

Example: Compute the positions of stations A and B when given their bearings and
horizontal distances relative to the control point O.

Station Line Bearing Distance (m) N (m) E (m)
O 2558.145 3115.286
A OA 150748.09 516.618 2110.156 3372.579
B OB 872318.5 193.282 2566.952 3308.367

1. Choose CORDINATE, and enter position of the control point O. Then enter the bearing and
distance data of A. The N, E of A will be computed

1l
2558.145l
3115.286l

150.074809l
516.618ll

2. Choose to continue and enter similar data of B for the same computation. Then, return to
RADIAL home.

l2l
87.23185l
193.282l
ll
99l
RADIAL Home
InSight User Manual

24
2.10.2 BRG-DIST (2l)

Introduction : Finds the bearing and horizontal distance of a reference point to the control
point. Positions of both points are known.
Input : N, E of the control point and of the reference point.
Output : Bearing of control to reference and their horizontal distance.
Data Lists : NList 1, EList 2, BrgList 3, and Hz DistList 4.

Example: Find the bearings and horizontal distances of A and B from the control point.



1. Go into BRG-DIST. Enter the coordinates of control point, and the coordinates of A.

2l
60l80l
68.8l
87.05ll

2. Choose to continue and enter coordinates of B for the same computation. Then, end the
function and return to RADIAL home.

l2l53.2l
93.6lll
99l

The bearings of A and B from the control are 384158.15 and 1163354.18 respectively, and
the corresponding distances are 11.276 m and 15.205 m.



2.10.3 STADIA (3l)

Introduction : Calculates horizontal and vertical distances of surveyed point relative to a
control point using stadia survey.
Input : Control points Reduced Level (RL) and Instrument Height; horizontal angle of
survey point relative to a benchmark plus its vertical angle relative to control;
and also the readings of the upper, lower, and mid stadia.
Output : Horizontal and vertical distances relative to control point, and the RL of the
point surveyed.
Data Lists : Hz AngList 1, Vert AngList 2, Hz DistList 3, and RLList 4.
Fig. 11
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25
Example: Calculate the horizontal distances and RLs of stations 1, 2 and 3 using data
booked in a stadia survey. Control points RL is 8.537 m and Instrument Height is 1.48 m.

Stadia Readings (m)
Station Hz Ang Vert Ang
Upper Lower Mid
Hz Dist
(m)
R. Level
(m)
1 1812 125 0.605 1.480 1.042 87.447 11.138
2 24335 055 0.804 1.702 1.253 89.777 7.328
3 11827 234 1.533 2.311 1.922 77.644 11.576

1. Select STADIA, and then enter data observed for station 1.

3l
8.537l
1.48ll
18.12l
1.25l
0.605l1.48l
1.042l
lll

2. Choose to continue and enter data observed for station 2 and station 3 respectively. Then,
end the function and return to RADIAL home.

2ll
243.35l
n0.55l
0.804l
1.702l
1.253l
lll

1ll
118.27l
2.34l
1.533l
2.311l1.922l
lll
99l
InSight User Manual

26
2.11 Using XSECT (X-SECTION)

Functions : INTERSECT (Brg-Brg, Dist-Dist), RESECT (2-Point, 3-Point).

To Run : At COGO home screen, press 3l to enter XSECT home.






2.11.1 INTERSECT- Brg-Brg (1l1l)

Introduction : Computes position of an intersection point using whole circle bearings from 2
points whose positions are known.
Input : N, E of the 2 known points, bearings of lines 1P and 2P (see Fig. 12).
Output : Internal angles at the 2 known points, and N, E of the intersection point.

The known points must be entered in a clockwise manner relative to the intersection point. For
example, in Fig. 12, we would first enter Stn 1 followed by Stn 2 to find P.

Example: Referring to Fig. 12, by using coordinates of Stn 1 and Stn 2 and the whole
circle bearings of these stations to P, determine the position of P.
1. First select INTERSECT, then Brg-Brg. Enter data as prompted on screen, and return to
XSECT home when done.

1l1l
2245.612l
2016.043l
2370.264l
2120.775l
Fig. 12
XSECT Home
InSight User Manual

27
97.0927l
146.3342l


lll
l99l



2.11.2 INTERSECT- Dist-Dist (1l2l)

Introduction : Computes position of an intersection point using horizontal distances from 2
points whose positions are known.
Input : N, E of the 2 known points, and horizontal distances from the points to P (see
Fig. 12.)
Output : Internal angles at the 2 known points, and N, E of the intersection point.

Example: Referring to Fig. 12, use horizontal distances from P to Stn 1 and Stn 2 to
determine the position of the intersection point. The data must be entered in clockwise direction,
relative to P.
1. First select INTERSECT, then Dist-Dist. Enter data as prompted on screen, and return to
XSECT home when done.

1l2l
2245.612l
2016.043l
2370.264l
2120.775l
205.559l
180.069l

lll
l99l



2.11.3 RESECT- 2-Point (2l1l)

Introduction : Computes position of a point by observing the horizontal distances to 2 points
whose positions are known.
Input : N, E of the 2 known points, and the horizontal distances from P to the 2 known
points (see Fig. 12.)
Output : Position of P, internal angles at P, and bearing of the line P1 (see Fig. 12.)

Calculating point with 2 points resection is similar to finding intersection point but observation is
made from the unknown point, or P (see Fig. 12.) The function 2-Point also gives the internal
angle at P and the whole circle bearing of P to Stn 1 for checking purpose.
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28
Example: Referring to Fig. 12, calculate the resection point of P using Stn 1 and Stn 2.
The stations data must be entered in clockwise direction, relative to P.
1. Select RESECT, and then 2-Point. Enter the data when prompted. The coordinates of P will
be calculated, so are the internal angle of P and the whole circle bearing from P to Stn 1.

2l1l
2245.612l
2016.043l
2370.264l
2120.775l
205.559l
180.069l

llll





2.11.4 RESECT- 3-Point (2l2l)

Introduction : Computes position of a point by observing the horizontal distances to 3 points
whose positions are known.
Input : N, E of the 3 known points, and the clockwise angles between first and second
points, and between second and third points.
Output : The position of P and the internal angles of all 3 known points (see Fig. 13).



Example: Calculate the coordinates of P in Fig. 13 using the data given.
1. Select RESECT, then 3-Point. Enter the coordinates for all 3 stations in clockwise direction,
starting from Stn 1.

2l2l
4470.53l
3420.48l
Fig. 13
InSight User Manual

29
5010.84l
3380.35l
4730.45l
3880.29l
132.043022l
117.065205l

llll


l




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30
2.12 Using TRAVRS (TRAVERSE)

Functions : CLOSED, CONNECT, OPEN, INV.

To Run : At COGO home screen, press 1l to enter TRAVRS home.




These practice and adjustment techniques are employed in computations inside TRAVRS:

Computations made in OPEN (opened traverse) and INV (inverse) are not adjusted.
Angular error is distributed equally among all traversed stations. So if number of stations is M
and the angular error is D, then:
New (Adjusted) Station Angle = Initial Station Angle +
M
D

Northing difference, dN (latitude), and Easting difference, dE (departure), are adjusted using
Bowditchs method in the calculation of coordinates.




2.12.1 CLOSED (1l)

Introduction : Calculates coordinates of successive points in a closed loop traverse using
angle between successive lines and length of each line.
Input : Number of stations, N, E of the first station and bearing of line 12, the
forward distance (length of line) and angle (left) for each station.
Output : Angle: Sum of all angles, angular error, adjustment per angle and angular error
after adjustment. Linear: Sum of forward distances, dN and dE, linear accuracy,
coordinates of each station, adjusted dN and dE per line, and linear error after
the Bowditchs adjustment.
Data Lists : Fwd DistList 4, NList 1, EList 2, and Fwd BrgList 3.
TRAVRS Home
Fig. 14
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31
Example: Referring to Fig. 14, calculate the coordinates of Stn 2, Stn 3 and Stn 4.
1. Choose CLOSED and then enter data for Stn 1.

1ll
4l

362.26l
220.54l
127.5255l

2. Now, enter the forward line distance and angle of each station.

l115.84l
88.1254ll
99.78l
106.2111ll
140.88l
75.0335ll
99.27l
90.2239l

3. Keep tapping l to view all output data. The function will return to home once done. Below
are screen dumps of angular misclosure, dN and dE misclosure, and sum of angles and
distances.





The output data can be summarized as follow (forward bearings are stored in List 3).

Adjusted
Station Line Fwd Bearing
dN dE
N (m) E (m)
1 362.260 220.540
2 12 1275255 -71.128 91.432 291.132 311.972
3 23 54141.25 58.321 80.964 349.453 392.936
4 34 3091731.5 89.218 -109.029 438.671 283.907
41 2194005 -76.412 -63.367
Ang = 360019 Angle Misclose = +19 Per Angle Adjustment = -4.75
Dist = 455.77 m dN Error = -0.00827 m dE Error = -0.00694 m Accuracy = 1/42230
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32
2.12.2 CONNECT (2l)

Introduction : Calculates coordinates of successive points in a connect-line traverse using
angle between successive lines and length of each line.
Input : Number of stations, N, E of the first station and its back bearing, N, E of the
last station and its forward bearing, forward distance (length of line) and angle
(left) of each station.
Output : Same as 2.12.1 in page 30.
Data Lists : Fwd DistList 4, NList 1, EList 2, Fwd BrgList 3.

Example: Referring to Fig. 15 and the data provided in table, calculate the coordinates of
all unknown stations of the connecting line traverse.



Station Line Angle (to left) Fwd Dist (m) Note
1 12 990100 225.853
2 23 1674536 139.032
3 34 1231124 172.571
4 45 1892036 100.074
5 56 1795918 102.485
6 1292724
Stn 1:
2507.693 mN, 1215.632 mE
Back Brg = 575930

Stn 6:
2166.741 mN, 1757.271 mE
Fwd Brg = 464524

1. Choose CONNECT and then enter data for Stn 1 and Stn 6 (last station).

2ll6l
2507.693l
1215.632l
57.5930l
2166.741l
1757.271l
46.4524l

2. Now enter the angle and distance for each station. We shall not list any entry keystrokes
here but just show a few screen dumps. The last data you should enter is the angle for Stn 6.


Fig. 15
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33
3. Keep tapping l to view all output data. Below are screen dumps of angular misclosure,
dN and dE misclosures, and sum of angles and distances. The function will return to TRAVRS
home after displaying all data.



The output data can be summarized as follow (forward bearings are stored in List 3).

Adjusted
Station Line Fwd Bearing
dN dE
N (m) E (m)
1 2507.693 1215.632
2 12 -2025924 -207.869 88.166 2299.824 1303.798
3 23 1444618 -113.542 80.171 2186.282 1383.969
4 34 875748 6.168 172.427 2192.450 1556.396
5 45 971830 -12.71 99.241 2179.740 1655.637
6 56 971754 -12.999 101.634 2166.741 1757.271
6 464524
Ang = 8884518 Angle Misclose = -36 Per Angle Adjustment = +6.
Dist = 740.015 m dN Error = -0.14838 m dE Error = 0.14888 m Accuracy = 1/3520



2.12.3 OPEN (3l)

Introduction : Calculates coordinates of successive points of an open line traverse.
Input : Number of stations, N, E of the first station and its forward bearing, forward
distance (length of line) and the angle (left) for each station.
Output : N, E of successive stations.
Data Lists : Fwd DistList 4, NList 1, EList 2, Fwd BrgList 3.

Example: Find the stations coordinates of the open traverse described below.

Station Fwd Bearing Angle (to left) Fwd Dist (m) N (m) E (m)
1 157030 225.853 2507.693 1215.632
2 1674536 139.032
3 1231124 172.571
4

1. Choose OPEN and then enter data for the first station.

3ll4l
2507.693l
1215.632l
157.0030l
225.853l
InSight User Manual

34
2. Enter the angles and distances data as prompted. After entry of the last data, which is the
angle of Stn 4, keep tapping l to view all output data.

The output data can be summarized as follow (forward bearings are stored in List 3).

Station Line Fwd Bearing N (m) E (m)
1 12 157030 2507.693 1215.632
2 23 1444606 2299.781 1303.85
3 34 875730 2186.216 1384.055
4 2192.364 1556.516



2.12.4 INV (4l)

Introduction : INV is the inverse of traverse which calculates forward bearings and distances
of successive points of a closed loop.
Input : Number of stations, and N, E of successive stations.
Output : Forward bearing, line horizontal distance and (left) angle for each station.
Data Lists : Hz DistList 1, Fwd BrgList 2, Ang (LEFT)List 3.

Example: Here we use the coordinates calculated in 2.12.1 as input data for INV.

Station N (m) E (m)
1 362.260 220.540
2 291.132 311.972
3 349.453 392.936
4 438.671 283.907

1. First choose INV, and enter the coordinates for each station accordingly.

4ll4l
l362.26l
220.54l
l291.132l
311.972ll349.453l
392.936ll438.671l
283.907l

2. Tap l repeatedly to view all output data. Below are screen dumps showing relevant data
calculated for Station 3. You would find that these calculated values are consistent with the
values shown in Fig. 14.



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35
2.13 CURVE Interface Program (CURV)

Functions : Interface to access CIRCULAR, and SPIRAL.

To Run : At START home screen, press 2l to enter CURVE home.




The interface program CURVE is a home screen to access curve setting out functions using
methods of Deflection Angle, Tangent Offset and Coordinate for simple/circular curves and for
transitional spiral curves. In total there are 5 functions as illustrated at the chart below.

CURVE


1l 2l


CIRCULAR SPIRAL
- Tangent
- Deflection Angle
- Coordinates
- Deflection Angle
- Coordinates

Both CIRCULAR and SPIRAL store output data in lists, so 1590 bytes of free memory is
required when running them. The lists are cleared each time you run CIRCULAR and SPIRAL.


We begin with Fig. 16 to explain the terms used in CIRCULAR.


CURVE Home
Fig. 16
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36
2.14 Using CIRCULAR

Functions : Tangent, Deflection, Cordinate.

To Run : At CURVE home screen, press 1l to enter CIRCULAR home.




2.14.1 Tangent (1l)

Introduction : Sets out circular curve using the tangent offset method.
Input : IP chainage, IP deflection angle, radius, and chainage interval on the curve.
Output : Tan T, Arc L, Ext E or versed sine, chainage of TC and CT, tangent distance
and corresponding offset at particular point on curve (see Fig. 17.)
Data Lists : Chain (of arc)List 1, Tan DistList 2, OffsetList 3.




The function calculates the tangent-offset data in 2 parts. It begins at the first tangent point TC
(see Fig. 17), and then when the chainage passes the curves midpoint, the set out calculation
starts from the other tangent point, CT.

Example: Use Tangent Offset method to calculate data needed to set out the circular
curve whose initial data are given as follow: IP chainage = K13+827.36, IP deflection angle =
211820, radius is 350 m, and use 20 m as set out interval

1. Choose Tangent and then enter the circular curve initial data.

1l
13827.36l
21.1820l
350l

llll

CIRCULAR home
Fig. 17
InSight User Manual

37
2. Enter the arc chainage interval for the setting out. Then, keep tapping l to view all output
data. Here are screen dumps of data calculated for chainage K13+780 and at point CT.



The set out data can be summarized as follow.

Chainage Tangent (m) Offset (m) Others
K13+761.526 0 0 Tangent length = 65.834 m
+780 18.466 0.487 Arc Length = 130.148 m
+800 38.397 2.113 External Distance = 6.138 m
+820 58.203 4.873
+840 51.486 3.808 TC Chainage = K13+761.526
+860 31.631 1.432 CT Chainage = K13+891.674
+880 11.672 0.195
K13+891.674 0 0



2.14.2 Deflection (2l)

Introduction : Sets out circular curve using the deflection angle method.
Input : IP chainage, IP deflection angle, radius, and chainage interval on the curve.
Output : Tan T, Arc L, Ext E or versed sine, chainage of TC and CT. Sub-chord length,
deflection angle of set out points, and the total deflection angle (see Fig. 18).
Data Lists : ChainList 1, SubCHORDList 2, Deflect AngList 3, Total AngList 4.

Example: Revisit the example in 2.14.1 using Deflection Angle method. The data are: IP
chainage = K13+827.36, IP deflection angle = 211820, radius is 350 m, interval = 20 m.




Choose Deflection with 2l and then enter the circular curve initial data. The process is the
same as the example in 2.14.1 which uses the Tangent function.
Fig. 18
InSight User Manual

38
Here are screen dumps of the calculations at chainage K13+820.



The set out data can be summarized as follow. As expected the final total deflection angle is
one half of the IP deflection angle.

Chainage Sub Chord (m) Deflect Angle Total Deflect Angle
K13+761.526 0 0 0
+780 18.472 13043.76 13043.76
+800 19.997 13813.28 30857.04
+820 19.997 13813.28 44710.32
+840 19.997 13813.28 62523.60
+860 19.997 13813.28 80336.88
+880 19.997 13813.28 94150.16
K13+891.674 11.673 05719.84 103910



2.14.3 Cordinate (3l)

Introduction : Sets out circular curve from remote control station.
Input : N, E of IP and TC, chainage of TC, IP deflection angle, radius, N, E of the
control station and chainage of point on the curve to be set out.
Output : N, E of the position on the curve at the chainage entered, and bearing and
horizontal distance from control station to the point being set out.
Data Lists : NList 1, EList 2, DistList 3, Pt BrgList 4.

Example: A circular curve of radius 350 m is to be set out from a control station C
(2316.218 mN, 1862.526 mE). The IP has coordinates (2210.724 mN, 1603.922 mE) and the IP
deflection angle is 253718. TC is at chainage K3+761.526 and has coordinates (2011.158
mN, 1632.274 mE). Find the bearings and horizontal distances from C to set out points A and B
which are on the curve at chainage K3+795 and K3+810 respectively.

1. Choose Cordinate, and then enter the circular curve data required.

3l
2210.724l
1603.922l
n25.3718l
2011.158l
1632.274l
3761.526l350l
2316.218l
1862.526l
InSight User Manual

39
2. Now enter the chainage of point A.

3795l
lll


So the bearing from C to A is 2205926.49 and the horizontal distance is 360.61 m.

3. Choose to continue and enter the chainage of point B. Then, choose to end the function.

l1l
3810llll
l99l

The bearing from C to B is 2230027.14 and the horizontal distance is 352.394 m.

There is a fail-safe which prevents you from entering chainage which is outside of the curves
bound. If you do, the program will remind you of the mistake with the DATA ERROR message.
It should return to the chainage prompt when you tap l after that.

InSight User Manual

40
2.15 Using SPIRAL

Functions : Deflection, Cordinate.

To Run : At CURVE home screen, press 2l to enter CIRCULAR home.




We begin with Fig. 19 to explain terms used in SPIRAL.





2.15.1 Deflection (1l)

Introduction : Sets out transitional spiral and circular curves using combination of deflection
angle and tangent offset methods.
Input : IP chainage and deflection angle, radius, Ls, chainage interval on the curve.
Output : Tan T, Arc L, Arc Lc, Ext E, chainages of TS, SC, CS, and ST (see Fig. 19.)
Arc length, deflection angle, tangent distance and offset for points on the spiral
curve (see Fig. 20), and; sub-chord length, deflection angle of set out points,
and the total deflection angle (see Fig. 21.)
Data Lists : ChainList 1, Tan DistList 2, OffsetList 3, Deflect AngList 4, and lastly,
ArcList 6.

The first part of the spiral curve of TS to SC is set out from TS with tangent offset and deflection
angle methods. The circular curve of SC to CS is then set out with deflection angle method from
SC. Finally, the spiral curve of CS to ST is set out from ST with same methods as the first.

User is allowed to select different intervals in setting out spiral curves and the circular curve.
Fig. 19
CIRCULAR home
InSight User Manual

41
Example: Two straights are joined by a transitional curve of radius 400 m. Calculate the
set out data given these preliminary data: IP chainage is K3+760.45, IP deflection angle is
224018, one side spiral length (Ls) is 57.4 m. Use 20 m as set out interval.

1. Choose Deflection with 1l and then enter the transitional curves initial data. The
computation using these data would yield more about the transitional curve.

3760.45l
22.4018l
400l57.4l

llll
lll
l

2. Enter the curve chainage interval for the set out. Then, keep tapping l to view all output
data for the spiral curve of TS to SC. Here are screen dumps of data calculated for the point at
chainage of K3+700. See also Fig. 20 for graphic explanation.







The set out data for the spiral curve from TS to SC can be summarized as follow.

Chainage Arc (m) Deflect Ang Tangent (m) Offset (m)
K3+651.498 0 0 0 0
+660 8.502 00148.23 8.502 0.004
+680 28.502 02016.33 28.501 0.168
+700 48.502 05842.18 48.489 0.828
K3+708.898 57.4 12212.95 57.37 1.372
Fig. 20
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42
3. Next you need to enter the chainage interval for setting out of the circular curve of SC to
CS. For this example it is 20 m. Below are screen dumps of data calculated for position at
chainage K3+760. See Fig. 21 for graphic explanation.







The set out data for the circular curve of SC to CS from SC can be summarized as follow.

Chainage Sub Chord (m) Deflect Angle Total Deflect Angle
K3+708.898 0 0 0
+720 11.102 04742.44 04742.44
+740 19.998 12556.62 21339.06
+760 19.998 12556.62 33935.68
+780 19.998 12556.62 50532.30
+800 19.998 12556.62 63128.92
K3+809.776 9.776 04200.56 71329.48

4. Finally, enter the interval again for setting out of the spiral curve of ST to CS. Its calculation
is same as in setting out the first spiral curve, but from the exit tangent point of ST. The set out
data for this spiral curve can be summarized as follow.

Chainage Arc (m) Deflect Ang Tangent (m) Offset (m)
K3+809.776 57.4 3583747 57.37 1.372
+820 47.176 3590427 47.165 0.762
+840 27.176 3594134 27.175 0.146
+860 7.176 3595842.9 7.176 0.003
K3+867.176 0 0 0 0

Fig. 21
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2.15.2 Cordinate (2l)

Introduction : Sets out transitional spiral and circular curves using remote control station.
Input : N, E of IP, TS and control station, chainage of TS, IP deflection angle, radius,
Ls, and chainage of point on the curve to be set out.
Output : N, E of the position on the curve at the chainage entered, and bearing and
horizontal distance from control station to set out point.
Data Lists : NList 1, EList 2, DistList 3, Pt BrgList 4.

Example: Revisit the example in 2.15.1 by setting out the curve from the remote control
station C (2274.236 mN, 1719.534 mE). The IP has coordinates (2210.724 mN, 1603.922 mE)
and TS has coordinates (2151.158 mN, 1512.547 mE). Recall that radius is 400 m, the IP
deflection angle is 224018, Ls is 57.4 m, and TS chainage was calculated as 3651.498 m.

Find the bearing and horizontal distance from C to set out point A which is on the curve at
chainage K3+840.
1. Choose Cordinate, and then enter the spiral curve data as prompted.

2l
2210.724l
1603.922l
22.4018l
2151.158l
1512.547l
3651.498l400l
57.4l
2274.236l
1719.534l

2. Enter the chainage of point A, and then end the function after viewing all output data.

3840l
lll
l99l

So the bearing from C to A is 2153938.88 and the horizontal distance is 60.101 m.
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