Vibration Isolation &

Seismic Restraint
Of Mechanical Systems
Ali Kemal Gney
Mechanical Engineer, M.Sc
2011
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Vibration Isolation
Vibration Isolation
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Vibration Isolation
Vibration Isolation
Source:
ASHRAE (2011) Handbook HVAC
Application Chapter 48
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Vibration Isolation
Vibration can be isolated or reduced to a fraction of the original force with
resilient mounts between the equipment and the supporting structure,
provided that the supporting structure has sufficient stiffness and mass.
Isolation efficiency is the percentage of vibratory force not transmitted to
the support structure.
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Isolator Selection Key Points
Vibration isolators must be selected not only to provide required isolation
efficiency but also to compensate for floor stiffness. Longer floor spans can
be more flexible and thus more easily set into vibration. Floor spans,
equipment operating speeds, equipment power, damping, and other
factors are considered in Table 47. In specifying isolator deflection rather
than isolation efficiency or transmissibility, a designer can compensate for
floor stiffness and building resonances by selecting isolators that have
more deflection than the supporting floor. To apply the information from
Table 47, base type, isolator type, and minimum deflection columns are
added to the equipment schedule. These isolator specifications are then
incorporated into mechanical specifications for the project.
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Isolator Selection Requirements
Requirements:
An overview of the procedure to select vibration isolators is as follows:
1. Establish total mass of equipment to be supported. This includes all
equipment and support framework. The mass of piping connected to equipment
may also need to be considered, because this may be partly supported from the
equipment.
2. Establish operating mass (e.g., mass of water in a chiller or cooling tower).
3. Determine the location of supporting springs.
4. Calculate the distribution of weight onto each of the supporting springs using
static force distribution methods.
5. Consider any dynamic forces that may change the mass distribution over the
supporting springs.
6. Select vibration isolators to achieve the minimum deflection based on the
vibration-isolator spring constant as advised by the manufacturer.
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Isolator Selection (Table 47)
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Isolator Selection (Table 47)
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Isolator Selection (Table 47)
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Isolator Selection (Table 47)
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Isolator Types (Rubber Pads)
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Isolator Types (Rubber Mounts)
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Isolator Types (Open Springs)
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Isolator Types (Restrained Spring)
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Isolator Types (Hangers)
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Isolator Types (Thrust Restraint)
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Isolator Types (Inertia Base)
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Isolator Types (Structural Base)
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Isolator Types (Concrete Base)
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Isolator Types (Concrete Base)
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Isolator Types (Riser)
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Isolator Types (Riser)
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Isolator Types (Riser)
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Seismic Restraint
Seismic Restraint
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Seismic Restraint
Seismic Restraint
Sources:
IBC 2009 International Building Code
NFPA 13 National Fire Protection Association
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency
ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning
Engineers
SMACNA Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National Association
UBC Uniform Building Code
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Purpose of Seismic Restraint
Design and installation of seismic and wind restraints have the
following primary objectives:
To reduce the possibility of injury and the threat to life.
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Purpose of Seismic Restraint
Design and installation of seismic and wind restraints have the
following primary objectives:
To reduce long-term costs due to equipment damage and
resultant downtime.
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Seismic Calculations
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Seismic Restraint
Seismic Restraint Bracing element
Can be selected as,
Rigid Non-Rigid
Profile Cable
Pipe
Angle
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Seismic Bracing Element
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Seismic Bracing Element
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Attachment Levels (Concrete)
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Attachment Levels (Steel)
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Seismic Applications
-Single Pipes
-Trapeze Pipe Supports
-Ducts
-Cable Trays, Busbars
-Suspended Equipments
-Wall Mounted Equipments
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Single Pipes (Cable)
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Single Pipes (Strut)
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Trapeze
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Trapeze (Cable / Strut)
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Ducts
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Ducts
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Cable Trays
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Cable Trays
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Cable Trays
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Cable Trays
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Busbar
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Suspended Equipments (Fans)
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Mounted Equipments (Trafo)
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Mounted Equipments (Panel)
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Mounted Equipments (AHU)
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Mounted Equipments (AHU)
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Mounted Equipments (Boiler)
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Mounted Equipments (Chiller)
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Mounted Equipments (Chiller)
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Mounted Equipments (Chiller)
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Chiller and Generators
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Fire Base and Risers
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Thank you
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