RENGINES/N-301

QUIOC, DARYL L.
ORENZO, RONDON CYRIL
PROPELLER BASICS
PROPELLER
-consist of two or more blade connected together by a hub attach to
the engine shaft.
-converts rotational power from the engine into thrust.



PROPELLER
A propeller blade is designed similar to a wing but it
must work while rotating about a center hub.



COMPONENTS
COMPONENTS
CONSTANT SPEED PROPELLER
Is a device which allows us to efficiently convert power from the engine into thrust.
Adjusting propeller pitch allows for
better efficiency (more engine power
converted into thrust) in a variety of
flight attitudes (climb, cruise, etc)
Greater pitch demands greater
torque from the engine, thus for a
given power setting, the result is
lower RPMs

Pitch is controlled by the (blue) pitch
control lever

PROPELLER CONTROL
Oil is supplied through the propeller
piston to a piston head, which is
pushed down due to the oil
pressure, pushing it against a spring
and holding it into a high-pitch
position

INCREASING PITCH
The pressure is maintained in the
system to hold the pitch on the
propeller

MAINTAINING PITCH
Oil is allowed to drain from the system,
allowing the spring to win against the
oil, forcing the pitch to high pitch
DECREASING PITCH
THE GOVERNOR
Governor controls
the oil pressure to
the propeller (thus,
controlling pitch)

THE GOVERNOR CONTROLLING PITCH
The propeller control
lever tightens a
threaded shaft that in
turn tightens the
speeder spring, which
increases resistance
against spinning
flyweights, which are
mechanically
connected directly to
the engine

CONTROL OF THE GOVERNOR
Speeder
Spring
To Prop Lever
Flyweights
Prop Lever Forward Prop Lever Back
When engine RPM is slower than
the propeller control setting, the
speeder spring holds the pilot
valve down and oil flows from the
propeller

This is called underspeed

GOVERNOR UNDERSPEED
Speeder Spring
To Prop Lever
Spinning
Flyweights
As engine RPM increases, the
tops of the weights are thrown
outward by centrifugal force; the
lower legs then pivot up, raising
the pilot valve against the force of
the speeder spring so no oil can
flow to or from the propeller
GOVERNOR ON SPEED
Speeder Spring
To Prop Lever
Spinning
Flyweights
The faster the flyweights spin, the
further out they are thrown,
causing the pilot valve to be
raised (against the spring) and
allowing more oil to flow to the
propeller

This is called overspeed

GOVERNOR OVERSPEED
Speeder Spring
To Prop Lever
Spinning
Flyweights
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
On Speed condition results when the
RPM is constant. Movement of the
cockpit controls have set the speeder
springs at the desired RPM. The
flyweights have positioned the pilot
valves to direct oil to or from the
propellers. This, in turn, has positioned
the propeller blades at a pitch that
absorbs the engine power or RPM
selected. When the moment of RPM
balance occurs, the force of the
flyweights equals the speeder spring
load. This positions the pilot valves in
the constant RPM position with no oil
flowing to or from the propellers.
ON SPEED
At constant speed, an Overspeed
condition results and airspeed
increases when the airplane begins a
descent or engine power is increased.
Since the pitch of the propeller blades
is too low to absorb engine power, the
engine RPM begins to increase. At the
instant this happens, however, the
flyweights move out and raise the pilot
valves, causing oil to flow to the
propeller, increasing the pitch of the
blades in both cases. Engine speed
then slows to the original RPM setting.
OVERSPEED
If the airplane begins to climb or
engine power is decreased, an
Underspeed condition results.
Airspeed is reduced and, since the
pitch of the propeller blades is too
high, the engines begin to slow down.
At the instant this happens, the
flyweights will droop, causing the pilot
valves to move down. Simultaneously,
oil flows from the propeller, reducing
the pitch of the blades. This
automatically increases the speed of
the engines to maintain the original
RPM setting.

UNDERSPEED
OTHER INFORMATION
The governor boosts the oil pressure sent to the
propeller by 3 to 6 times (e.g. to 300 PSI)
The governor range sets the limit on maintaining a
constant speed propeller
Beyond these limits, throttle has a direct control on the
RPMs
Within these limits, the propeller pitch adjusts for any given
throttle setting to maintain the RPMs
In general, maintain propeller setting (RPM) higher than
throttle setting (manifold pressure)