Flange focal distance

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Not to be confused with front focal distance in optics.


Diagram Illustrating the Flange Focal length of an SLRtype and a mirrorlesstype camera
For an interchangeable lens camera, the flange focal distance (FFD) (also known as the flange-to-film
distance, flange focal depth, flange back distance (FBD), flange focal length (FFL), or register,
depending on the usage and source) of a lens mount system is the distance from the mounting flange (the
metal ring on the camera and the rear of the lens) to the film plane. This value is different for different
camera systems. The range of this distance which will render an image clearly in focus within all focal
lengths is usually measured in hundredths of millimeters and is known as thedepth of focus (not to be
confused with the similarly named depth of field).
This distance influences whether a lens from one system can be mounted with an adaptor to a camera
body of another system. In order to produce an adaptor that permits focus to infinity without corrective
optics, the flange-to-film distance the lens is designed for must be greater than that of the camera body it
is to be adapted to, giving room for the adaptor. Camera systems with a large flange-to-film distance have
lenses that can be widely adapted, while those with a small flange-to-film distance can take adaptors for
many types of lenses.
If the difference is small, other factors, such as the diameters of the mounting flanges of the two systems,
come into play as well. Lens adapters are generally easier to make when the camera body has a large
lens mount.
Standard mounts include:
Mount
Flange
focal
distance
Notes
In
production
Number of
prime
lenses
produced
Number of
zoom
lenses
produced
Pentax Q mount 9.2 mm
[1]
No reflex mirror 2011- 4 2
D mount (8mm movie cameras) 12.29 mm

Nikon 1-mount 17 mm
[2]
No reflex mirror 2011

C-mount (Bolex, Eclair and Bell
& Howell)
17.52 mm

Fujifilm X-mount 17.7 mm No reflex mirror 2012 4 1
Canon EF-M mount 18 mm No reflex mirror 2012 1 1
Sony E-mount 18 mm No reflex mirror 2010 4+2 4
Sony FZ-mount 18 mm No reflex mirror 2011 0 2
Micro Four Thirds System 19.25 mm No reflex mirror 2008 22 17
Samsung NX-mount 25.50 mm No reflex mirror 2010 5 4
RED ONE interchangeable
mount
27.30 mm

Leica M mount 27.80 mm No reflex mirror 1954

M39 (Leica) Screwmount 28.80 mm No reflex mirror

Mount
Flange
focal
distance
Notes
In
production
Number of
prime
lenses
produced
Number of
zoom
lenses
produced
Contax G 29.00 mm No reflex mirror 19942005 6 1
Olympus PEN F 28.95 mm

1963-1972 16 2
Contax RF-mount 34.85 mm No reflex mirror

Nikon S-mount 34.85 mm No reflex mirror 19472005

Olympus Four Thirds System 38.67 mm

Konica AR 40.70 mm

19651987

Canon FL 42.00 mm

19641971

Canon FD mount 42.00 mm

19711990

Start (Soviet SLR) 42.00 mm

19581964

Minolta SR-mount 43.50 mm

19582001

Fujica X bayonet

43.50 mm


Canon EF mount 44.00 mm

1987 47 64
Canon EF-S mount 44.00 mm
more mirror
clearance allows
elements closer
2003 1 8
Mount
Flange
focal
distance
Notes
In
production
Number of
prime
lenses
produced
Number of
zoom
lenses
produced
to the sensor;
Praktica B mount 44.00 mm

Sigma's SA mount 44.00 mm

1992

Minolta/Konica Minolta/Sony
A-mount (Sony )
44.50 mm

1985 61+10 73
Pentax K mount 45.46 mm

1975 131 77
M42 45.46 mm

1949

Contax C/Y Mount 45.50 mm

19742005

Olympus OM mount 46.00 mm

Nikon F-mount 46.50 mm

1959-

Leica R mount 47.00 mm

19642009

Sony B4 mount 48.00 mm

Arri STD 52.00 mm

Arri B 52.00 mm

Mount
Flange
focal
distance
Notes
In
production
Number of
prime
lenses
produced
Number of
zoom
lenses
produced
Arri PL 52.00 mm

T mount 55.00 mm

OCT-19 61.00 mm

Mamiya 645 63.30 mm

Flange focal distance is one of the most important variables in a system camera, as lens seating errors of
as little as 0.01 mm will manifest themselves critically on the imaging plane and focus will not match the
lens marks. Professional movie cameras are rigorously tested by rental houses regularly to ensure the
distance is properly calibrated. The most common mount is the Arri PLmount with an FFD of 52.00 mm.
The Russian OCT-19 has an FFD of 61.00 mm. C-mount (Bolex, eclair and Bell & Howell) has 17.52 mm.
Any discrepancies between eye focus and measured focus which manifest themselves across a range of
distances within a single lens may be collimation error with the lens, but if such discrepancies occur across
several lenses, it is more likely to be the flange focal distance or the groundglass (or both) which are mis-
set. Discrepancies in flange focal distance are much easier to identify with wide lenses than with telephoto
lenses, due to wide lenses having smaller depth of focus. (Not to be confused with depth of field.)
Due to research on optimal flange focal distance settings, it is currently considered better for flange focal
distance to be set to somewhere within the film's emulsion layer, rather than on the surface of it. Therefore,
the nominal flange focal depth will be equivalent to the distance to the groundglass, whereas the actual
flange focal depth to the aperture plate will in fact be ~0.02 mm less.







List of lens mounts
This list of lens mounts is ordered by flange focal distance, from shortest to longest. It includes both
digital, still photography and movie lens mounts.
OEM model
line(s)
Interchan
geable
type name
Frame size
Camera
type
Thro
at or
threa
d
diam
eter
Mo
unt
thre
ad
pitc
h
Mo
unt
typ
e
Flang
e
focal
dista
nce

M6x0.35 to
M12x0.5
"board
camera"
mount
1/6 inch to
1 inch
Security IP
Cameras,
Automotive B
ackup
cameras, We
bcams,
Digital Image
scanners
6mm to
12mm
0.35 to
0.5 mm
pitch
Screw
No
Flange.
Back Foc
al
Length fr
om
<1mm to
12mm.
Pentax Q Pentax Q 1/2.3 inch digital still
Bayon
et
9.2 mm
D-mount 8 mm movie, CCTV
15.88
mm
(0.625 in
ch)
32 TPI Screw
12.29
mm
CS-mount
1/3 inch,
1/2 inch
movie, CCTV,
industrial,
scientific
25.40
mm
(1 inch)
32 TPI Screw
12.52
mm
C-mount
1/2 inch, 16
mm, 2/3 inch,
movie, CCTV,
industrial,
25.40
mm
32 TPI Screw
17.526
mm
OEM model
line(s)
Interchan
geable
type name
Frame size
Camera
type
Thro
at or
threa
d
diam
eter
Mo
unt
thre
ad
pitc
h
Mo
unt
typ
e
Flang
e
focal
dista
nce
1 inch scientific (1 inch) (0.69 inc
hes)
Nikon 1 series
Nikon 1
mount
13.2 x 8.8mm digital still
Bayon
et
17 mm
Fujifilm X-Pro1
Fujifilm X-
mount
APS-C digital still
Bayon
et
17.7 mm
Canon EOS M
Canon EF-M
mount
APS-C
digital still,
movie
58 mm
(Outer)

Bayon
et
18 mm
Sony Alpha NEX Sony E-mount
23.4 mm
15.6 mmAPS-C
digital still,
movie
46.1 mm
(1.815 in
ch)

Bayon
et
18 mm
Canon EX camcorder
Bayon
et
20 mm
Olympus E-P, E-PL,
E-PM and OM-D
series, Panasonic G,
GH, and GF series
Micro Four
Thirds
17.3 mm
12.98 mm
digital still,
camcorder
~38 mm
A[]


Bayon
et
19.25
mm
Bolex 16 mm movie
Breech
lock
23.22
mm
OEM model
line(s)
Interchan
geable
type name
Frame size
Camera
type
Thro
at or
threa
d
diam
eter
Mo
unt
thre
ad
pitc
h
Mo
unt
typ
e
Flang
e
focal
dista
nce
Samsung NX NX-mount
23.4 mm
15.6 mmAPS-C
digital still 42 mm
Bayon
et
25.5 mm
Pentax Auto 110 110 film still
Bayon
et
27 mm
Minolta/Leica M
bayonet
M-mount (aka
EM, VM, ZM)
35 mm still 44 mm
Bayon
et
27.80
mm
Leitz/Minolta CL,
Minolta CLE
compact M-
mount
35 mm still 44 mm
Bayon
et
27.80
mm
Konica Hexar RF KM-mount 35 mm still 44 mm
Bayon
et
28 mm
(27.80 m
m?)
Canon screw mount 35 mm still M39 1 mm Screw

Leica M39 screw
mount
M39 (aka L-
Mount, LSM)
35 mm still, enlargers M39 26 TPI Screw
28.80
mm
Narciss 16 mm still M24 1 mm Screw 28.8 mm
Olympus Pen F
35 mm half-
frame
still
Bayon
et
28.95
mm
OEM model
line(s)
Interchan
geable
type name
Frame size
Camera
type
Thro
at or
threa
d
diam
eter
Mo
unt
thre
ad
pitc
h
Mo
unt
typ
e
Flang
e
focal
dista
nce
Contax/ (Kiev rf) I, II,
III, IIa, IIIa
35 mm still


Double
bayone
t
34.85
mm
Zeiss Panflex
5522/23 for Contax rf
35 mm still


Double
bayone
t
64.50
mm
Contax G 35 mm still
Breech
lock
29.00
mm
Hasselblad Xpan
35 mm
panoramic
still
Bayon
et
34.27
mm
Nikon Rangefinder
Nikon S-
mount
35 mm still
Bayon
et
34.85
mm
Alpa 35 mm still
Bayon
et
37.80
mm
Minolta Vectis V-mount
30.2 mm
16.7 mmAPS
[disa
mbiguation needed]

still
Bayon
et
36.00
mm
(38 mm?
)
Olympus E,
Panasonic Lumix
Four Thirds
17.3 mm
12.98 mm
digital still
~44 mm
A[]


Bayon
et
38.67
mm
OEM model
line(s)
Interchan
geable
type name
Frame size
Camera
type
Thro
at or
threa
d
diam
eter
Mo
unt
thre
ad
pitc
h
Mo
unt
typ
e
Flang
e
focal
dista
nce
DMC-L, Leica Digilux
Aaton universal 16 mm movie
Breech
lock
40 mm
Konica F
Konica F-
mount
35 mm still 40 mm
Bayon
et
40.50
mm
Konica A/R AR-mount 35 mm still 47 mm
Bayon
et
40.50
mm
(40.7 mm
)
Miranda Camera
Company
Miranda
bayonet/M44
35
mm and APS-C
still, industrial
Bayon
et
41.5 mm
Canon R 35 mm still
Breech
lock
42 mm
Canon FL 35 mm still
Breech
lock
42 mm
Canon FD FD-mount 35 mm still
Breech
lock
42.00
mm
Fujica-X
Fujica X-
mount
35 mm still 49 mm
Bayon
et
43.5 mm
OEM model
line(s)
Interchan
geable
type name
Frame size
Camera
type
Thro
at or
threa
d
diam
eter
Mo
unt
thre
ad
pitc
h
Mo
unt
typ
e
Flang
e
focal
dista
nce
Minolta SR/MC/MD SR-mount 35 mm still, medical
Bayon
et (54)
43.50
mm
Petriflex 35 mm still
Breech
lock
43.5 mm
Mamiya/Sekor E 35 mm still
Bayon
et
43.5 mm
Canon EOS
EF mount
(aka ZE)
35 mm still, movie 54 mm
[2]

Bayon
et
44.00
mm
Canon EOS EF-S mount APS-C digital still 54 mm
Bayon
et
44.00
mm
Sigma SA 35 mm still
Bayon
et
44.00
mm
Paxette 35 mm still M39 1 mm Screw 44 mm
Praktica B 35 mm still
Bayon
et
44.40
mm
(Konica) Minolta
AF/Alpha/Dynax/Max
xum, Sony Alpha
A-mount (aka
ZA)
35
mm and APS-C
still, industrial
49.7 mm
(1.939 in
ch)

Bayon
et (54)
44.50
mm
OEM model
line(s)
Interchan
geable
type name
Frame size
Camera
type
Thro
at or
threa
d
diam
eter
Mo
unt
thre
ad
pitc
h
Mo
unt
typ
e
Flang
e
focal
dista
nce
DSLR/SLT
Rolleiflex SL35 35 mm still
Bayon
et
44.46
mm
Exakta, Topcon 35 mm still
Bayon
et
44.7 mm
Zenit 39mm Zenit M39 35 mm still M39 1 mm Screw 45.2 mm
Pentax K
K-mount (aka
ZK)
35 mm still
Bayon
et
45.46
mm
Asahiflex 35 mm still 37 mm 1 mm Screw
45.46
mm
Praktica
M42 lens
mount
35 mm still 42 mm 1 mm Screw
45.46
mm
Yashica/Contax Y/C-mount 35 mm still
Bayon
et
45.5 mm
Mamiya ZE 35 mm still
Bayon
et
45.5 mm
Kyocera Yashica 230
MA-mount 35 mm still
Bayon ~45.8 m
OEM model
line(s)
Interchan
geable
type name
Frame size
Camera
type
Thro
at or
threa
d
diam
eter
Mo
unt
thre
ad
pitc
h
Mo
unt
typ
e
Flang
e
focal
dista
nce
AF etc. et m
Olympus OM OM-mount 35 mm still 46 mm
Bayon
et
46 mm
Nikon F-mount
Nikon F-
mount
35 mm still, industrial 44 mm
Bayon
et
46.5 mm
Leica R R-mount 35 mm still
Bayon
et
47.00
mm
Contax-N 35 mm still
Bayon
et
48 mm
Praktina 35 mm still
Breech
lock
50 mm
Tamron
T-Thread
(Very earliest
type)
35 mm still M37
0.75m
m
Screw 50 mm
Tamron Adapt-A-Matic 35 mm still
Bayon
et
50.7 mm
Tamron Adaptall 1 & 2 35 mm still
Bayon
et
50.7 mm
OEM model
line(s)
Interchan
geable
type name
Frame size
Camera
type
Thro
at or
threa
d
diam
eter
Mo
unt
thre
ad
pitc
h
Mo
unt
typ
e
Flang
e
focal
dista
nce
Arri standard
35 mm and 16
mm
movie
Tab
lock
52 mm
Arri bayonet
35 mm and 16
mm
movie
Bayon
et
52 mm
Arri PL
35 mm and 16
mm
movie
Breech
lock
52 mm
Tamron
T2, T-
mount or T-
thread
35 mm still, industrial 42 mm
0.75 m
m
Screw 55 mm
Sigma Corporation
YS Auto T-
Thread
35 mm still 42 mm
0.75 m
m
Screw 55 mm
Tokina T-thread type 35 mm still 47 mm
0.75 m
m
Screw 55 mm
Sony Mavica Mavica digital still
Bayon
et
57 mm
Panavision PV mount 35 mm movie
Breech
lock
57.15
mm
Mamiya 7/7II 67 still
Bayon 60 mm
OEM model
line(s)
Interchan
geable
type name
Frame size
Camera
type
Thro
at or
threa
d
diam
eter
Mo
unt
thre
ad
pitc
h
Mo
unt
typ
e
Flang
e
focal
dista
nce
et (approx.)
Mitchell BNCR mount 35 mm movie
Breech
lock
61.468
mm
Mamiya 645 64.5 still
Bayon
et
63.3 mm
Leitz Visoflex II/III 35 mm still
Bayon
et
(Leica
M)
68.8 mm
Pentax 645 64.5 still
Bayon
et
70.87
mm
Arri Maxi PL 70 mm movie 64 mm 73.5 mm
Pentacon Six 66 still
Breech
lock
74.1 mm
Hasselblad 66 still
Bayon
et
74.9 mm
Kowa Six/Super 66 66 still
breech
lock
79 mm
OEM model
line(s)
Interchan
geable
type name
Frame size
Camera
type
Thro
at or
threa
d
diam
eter
Mo
unt
thre
ad
pitc
h
Mo
unt
typ
e
Flang
e
focal
dista
nce
Pentax 6x7 67 still
Bayon
et
84.95
mm
Leitz Visoflex I 35 mm still M39 26 TPI Screw 91.3 mm
Bronica S2A 66 still 57 mm 1
Bayon
et
101.7
mm
Rolleiflex SL66 66 still
Bayon
et
102.8
mm
Mamiya RZ67 67 still
Bayon
et
105 mm
Mamiya RB67 67 still
Bayon
et
112 mm
Canon RC-701 Canon SV digital still
Bayon
et
2/3 inch
[3]












Legend
Column Description
OEM model line(s) primary manufacturer(s) or model line(s) with this mount
Interchangeable type
name
interchangeable mounts used by multiple camera body and lens manufacturers
Frame size maximum or typical film format or image sensor size used for this mount
Camera type still, digital still, movie, cinema, CCTV, ...
Throat or thread
diameter
Nominal inside-female or outside-male major diameter (D) with units: inch, mm,
or M (ISO 68-1 metric thread pitch mm)
Mount thread pitch (P) either: (Unified-thread) pitch count/inch, or (metric) mm/thread pitch
Mount type Bayonet, Breech, Screw, ...
Flange focal distance Nominal (mm) distance from film or image sensor to lens mount