ED 01 - CONFIDENTIAL It.

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site
VIMERCATE TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

Originator(s)
M. RICCI


ISA Ethernet
Technical description

Domain : ALCATEL OPTICS
Division : Transmission Network Division
Rubric : OMSN Product Management
Type :
Distribution code Internal External X

ABSTRACT

This document technically describes the architecture and the basic provisioning of the ISA Ethernet plug-in
module for Metro OMSN product family























HISTORY

ED 01 IT 01 2002/03/19 Draft Technical description of Rel.1.





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1. INDEX
1. INDEX..............................................................................................................................................................2
2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION.............................................................................................................................2
3. ARCHITECTURE............................................................................................................................................3
4. PROVISIONING..............................................................................................................................................4

2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
ISA Ethernet provides 10/100baseT interfaces in Metro OMSN family allowing the interconnection of
two LANs in a point to point configuration as in Figure 1. The card acts as a gateway towards the SDH
network.

OMSN with
Optical Ethernet ISA
SDH
Ring/Network
Customer Box:
either LAN Switch or Router
Ethernet frame
mapped in SDH VC
Ethernet frame de-
mapped from SDH
VC12, VC3, VC4
SDH level
Protection
The Optical Ethernet ISA
Boards are present only at
each terminating node
Site to Site Traffic is
mapped on dedicated
SDH VC

Figure 1 ISA Ethernet: Network view

The traffic received by the 10baseT or 100baseTX Ethernet interfaces on the ISA Eth card is mapped
into VC12, VC3, or VC4 SDH transport structures, more precisely the Ethernet traffic passing through
1 x Ethernet physical interface is mapped into one specific VC-n (n=12, 3, 4). Each Ethernet frame is
mapped without modifications into a Generic Framing Procedure frame (GFP ITU-T G.7041). Such
GFP frame is afterwards mapped inside the specific VC-n according to SDH standard protocol stack as
represented in Figure 2.
Ethernet Ethernet
GFP GFP
SDH SDH

Figure 2 - ISA Ethernet: Protocol Stack and Buffering
In fact the Ethernet traffic is transported transparently by the SDH Network and the ISA Eth
card inside an OMSN extracts and receives the Ethernet traffic coming from LAN switches or
routers without terminating the Ethernet frames.
The nominal peak-rate of Ethernet is 10 Mb/s and Fast Ethernet is 100 Mb/s hence mapping of
a full-rate Fast Ethernet in VC-4 and full-rate Ethernet in VC-3 does not require any buffering
stage.
In order to better take advantage of the available resources and allowing the deployment of
standard 10/100baseT interfaces even if no full-rate is required by the end user, the mapping
represented in Figure 2, is provided. This mapping introduces the rate-adaptation feature in
the traffic flow, while taking into account the bursty profile of the Ethernet traffic.
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The rate adaptation relies on the introduction of a buffer (see Figure 3) that acts as a bucket which
smoothes the bursty Ethernet traffic. The peak rate that the card is able to adsorb without discarding
any Ethernet packet/frame is directly proportional to the bucket depth.
In practice no discarding can be achieved because the ISA Eth card features the mechanism of traffic
flow control specified in IEEE 802.3x. Thanks to this control, when the buffer reaches a fixed threshold
a particular frame is generated communicating to the Source (i.e. LAN switch or router) to stop its
transmission for a certain time period (specified in this frame). In this way frame discarding is avoided.


Ethernet
Sink
GFP
Encapsulation Elastic
Buffer
SDH Mapping
Ethernet Ethernet
Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet
Ethernet
I/F

Figure 3 ISA Ethernet: Rate Adaptation and buffering
3. ARCHITECTURE
The architecture of the ISA Eth card is represented in Figure 4. ISA Ethernet is made of two cards:
1. Port-card: main card providing 11 Ethernet 10/100BaseTX auto-sensing interfaces
2. Access-card: expands the number of auto-sensing 10/100BaseTX ports of the main card with
14 additional 10/100BaseTX auto-sensing interfaces
The Ethernet traffic, specifically mapped in the SDH transport structures, is transmitted from the ISA
Ethernet plug-in module toward the SDH matrix through the back-plane (which has 4 STM-1 equivalent
throughput), then the SDH matrixes connects each VC-n with the appropriate STM-n port card to the
WAN transmission side.
The bandwidth associated to each 10/100baseT interface is such that the 25 interfaces within a single
slot ISA Ethernet plug-in module, considered all together, cannot transport more than 4 x VC-4 payload
equivalent bandwidth.
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ISA Eth
Port Module
x I/F
ISA Eth
Access
Module
x I/F
ISA Eth
Port Module
x I/F
ISA Eth
Access
Module
x I/F
SDH PORT SDH PORT
S
T
M
S
T
M
--
NNRX
TX
TX
RX
SDH PORT SDH PORT
STM STM--NN
SDH MATRIX SDH MATRIX
SDH
Xconnection
SDH
VC
Backplane
bus
connections
ISA Eth
Port Module
x I/F
ISA Eth
Access
Module
x I/F
ISA Eth
Port Module
x I/F
ISA Eth
Access
Module
x I/F

11
14
11
14
11
14
11
14
Figure 4 ISA Ethernet: System architecture
4. PROVISIONING
The operator provisioning main options are:

1. 10bseT interface traffic mapped into:
1 x VC-12 or
1 x VC-3;
2. 100baseTX interface traffic mapped into:
1 x VC-12 or
1 x VC-3
1 x VC-4.

The operator will always have to provision for each 10/100baseT interface:

1. Type of interface (Ethernet or Fast Ethernet)
2. Mapping in SDH resources (see above)
3. Sensing behavior (Manual or Automatic)
a. The Manual sensing implies that the interface types are explicitly manually chosen in
terms of rate (10 or 100 Mb/s) by both the LAN switch/router and the OMSN with ISA Eth
card installed.
b. The Automatic sensing implies that the interface types (10baseT or 100baseTX) are
negotiated with standard auto-sensing procedure by both the LAN switch/router and the
OMSN with ISA Eth card installed. Automatic sensing requires the mechanism of auto-
sensing to negotiate the parameters between the two interfaces (local: OMSN and remote:
LAN switch/router). These parameters are:
Rate (10/100Mb/s)
Directionality: half-duplex or full duplex. Having ISA Eth Full-duplex interfaces the
negotiation will agree always this type of connection. Note that half-duplex interfacing
method is unreliable when applied to large-scale geographical networks and therefore
results obsolete in these applications.
IEEE 802.3x Flow-Control activation

always considering that the back-panel is able support a maximum throughput of 4 x VC-4.


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