400862 Foundations of Medicine

Anatomy Practical, 5th April, 2011

Upper Limb







Bones of Upper Limb

Divide each bone into its major parts, and identify the bony features on these parts:
CLAVICLE
SCAPULA
HUMERUS

Indicate the bony attachments of the major ligaments of (i) the sternoclavicular and
acromioclavicular joints and (ii) the shoulder joint, which help to maintain the
stability of these joints (while allowing their mobility).

Identify the bony features on each part of the following bones:
RADIUS
ULNA

Indicate the bony attachments of the major ligaments which help to maintain the
stability of these joints (while allowing their mobility).

Identify the following bones
CARPALS
METACARPALS
PHALANGES

Identify the attachments of the Flexor Retinaculum and define the Carpal Tunnel.
Determine (from the shape of the articular surfaces) the movements at
(i) the wrist joint
(ii) the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
(iii) metacarpophalangeal joints
(iv) interphalangeal joints

Indicate the bony attachments of the major ligaments which help to maintain the
stability of these joints (while allowing their mobility).

Joints of the upper limb

Joints of Clavicle

Sternoclavicular Joint
Acromioclavicular Joint
Movements of the Shoulder Girdle: (ie. of scapula on thoracic wall)
Protraction/Retraction
Elevation/Depression
Upward Rotation/Downward Rotation

SHOULDER JOINT
Ligaments
Movements at the Shoulder Joint:
Flexion/Extension
Adduction/Abduction
Medial Rotation/Lateral Rotation

ELBOW JOINT
Movements at the Elbow Joint:
Flexion/Extension

RADIOULNAR JOINTS
Proximal/distal radioulnar Joint
Movements at the Radioulnar Joints:
Pronation/Supination

WRIST JOINT
Movements at the Wrist Joint:
Flexion/Extension
Adduction/Abduction

JOINTS OF HAND
Intercarpal, Carpometacarpal & Intermetacarpal, Carpometacarpal
Metacarpophalangeal (M.P.) Joints
Interphalangeal (I.P.) Joints
Movements of the Thumb:
Flexion/Extension
Abduction/Adduction/Opposition
Movements of the Fingers:
Flexion/Extension
Abduction/Adduction


Muscles of Upper Limb

Muscles of the Shoulder Girdle and Upper Arm
Pectoralis Major & Minor, Subclavius, Serratus Anterior

Deltiod, Subscapularis, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Teres Major

In Anterior Compartment: Coracobrachialis, Biceps (Brachii), Brachialis
In Posterior Compartment:Triceps (Brachii)

Muscles of Forearm
Flexor Compartment: Pronator Teres, Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris Longus,
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Flexor Pollicis Longus,
Flexor Digitorum Profundus, Pronator Quadratus

Extensor Compartment: Brachioradialis, Ext. Carpi Radialis Longus, Ext. Carpi
Radialis Brevis, Extensor Digitorum, Ext. Digiti Minimi, Ext Carpi Ulnaris,
Anconeus, Abductor Pollicis Longus, Ext Pollicis Brevis, Ext Pollicis Longus, Ext
Indicis, Supinator

Vessels of the Upper Limb

Arteries: Axillary, Brachial, Radial & Ulnar
Special Branches
Axillay ! Subscapular artery
! Circumflex Humeral Arteries
Brachial ! Profunda Brachii Artery
Radial-Ulnar ! Superficia and Deep Palmer Arches

Veins
Superficial veins: Cephalic and Basilic
Deep Veins: Axillary Vein

Nerves of Upper Limb

Peripheral Nerves (Axillary, Musculocutaneous, Median, Ulnar & Radial)
Branches: Cutaneous, Muscular, Articular, Vasomotor
Brachial Plexus (Infraclavicular Part) and Branches
Lateral Cord -> Lateral Pectoral Nerve
Medial Cord -> Med. Pectoral N., Med. Cut. Ns of Arm &
Forearm
Posterior Cord -> Upper & Lower Subscapular, Thoracodorsal Nerves