WOMENS AS A LEADER

Submitted to:
Sir ImtiazMohar
Submitted by:
Fahad Mubarak 01-220112-004
Bilal Ahmad 01-220112-003
TalhaSaleem 01-120112-085
WaseemArshad 01-
ZainulAbedin 01-220112-018
M.B.A (5C)

Introduction

Abraham Lincoln born in 12 February 1809 in Kentucky.In 1816 Lincoln. Throughout the
relatively brief history of the United States there have been many great leaders. Several,
such as Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and the Roosevelts, became presidents; others
like Franklin, Webster, Anthony, and King made a dramatic impact on mankind without
reaching the White House. There are countless other leaders, on both local and national
levels, in all aspects of society, who could be labeled 'great.' Yet there is one person who
rises above all of them. One who is consistently ranked as the greatest president. One who
is viewed as the greatest leader this nation has ever known or will ever know. And one
who, although dead for more than 125 years, still inspires and moves people from all walks
of life, from all around the globe. That person is Abraham Lincoln. It is not surprising that
our vision of Lincoln today is more mythical than real. His role as the embattled Civil War
president and "Savior of the Nation' was magnified after his assassination. And with time
his enduring image as the Great Emancipator has catapulted him to a level near sainthood.
In addition, the labeling of Lincoln as 'Honest Abe' and 'The Rail splitter' by the media of his
time has been perpetuated for well over a century.

Curiously, with everything that has been written about Abraham Lincoln, little is known
about his extraordinary leadership ability. This is perhaps because leadership theory itself
is a relatively recent phenomenon. Only in the last ten to fifteen years has the study of
leadership been examined closely, and not as part of the 'management' philosophy of the
business world.
In a way, Abraham Lincoln represented the summation of those leadership qualities that
had helped to form a nation. The last great leader before industrial change, Lincoln stood
for all that was right, honest, and self-evident. As a boy, his heroes were the Founding
Fathers, and he studied the history of that young nation that was so devoted to human
rights. He grew up in poverty and had a binding link to the common people. He was
innovative at a time when the age of discoveries and inventions was just beginning. He was
compassionate and caring yet, when necessary, could put his foot down firmly and be
decisive beyond question. He was patient, persistent, consistent, and persuasive rather
than dictatorial. But, without a doubt, the foundation of Abraham Lincoln's leadership style
was an unshakable commitment to the rights of the individual. Leadership is leaders
inducing followers to act for certain goals that represent the values and the motivations-the
wants and needs, the aspirations and expectations-of both leaders and followers. And the
genius of leadership lies in the manner in which leaders see and act on their own and their
fellows values and motivations

Lincoln and Leadership

Abraham Lincoln is generally regarded as the first modern president in several respects.
While he is most famous for freeing the slaves and preserving the federal Union, he also
greatly expanded the limits of American presidential authority and power. In fact, even
though it was not his original intention, he practically redefined the presidency while, at the
same time, notably revising the American constitutional system. Faced with the potential
dissolution of the Union and overthrow of the government, Lincoln acted and reacted by
creating new limits of authority and leadership under the pressure of dire civil strife. The
nation, after all, was undergoing a civil war-something that no previous president had been
forced to deal with and something that the Founding Fathers had not specifically provided
for in the Constitution. Circumstances forced Lincoln to be innovative, and he justified his
expansion of authority by invoking a new interpretation of the presidential oath regarding the
Constitution itself.
On September 22, 1862, President Lincoln did something that he felt he had very little
constitutional authority to do: He issued the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation. At the
advice of Secretary Seward, Lincoln timed its issuance to occur after a major Union victory,
which, by chance, turned out to include the bloodiest single day of the Civil War,
McClellan's victory at Antietam, Maryland. The document, which was to become the most
controversial and the most important of his presidency, proclaimed that all slaves living in
any state not in the Union by January 1, 1863, would be 'henceforward, and forever free.'
When Secretary Chase suggested to Lincoln that he extend emancipation to other areas,
the president refused to consider it. The original proclamation has no constitutional or legal
justification, except as a military measure. The exemptions were made because the military
necessity did not apply to the exempted localities. Nor does that necessity apply to them
now any more than it did then. If I take the step must I not do so, without the argument of
military necessity, and so without any argument except the one that I think the measure
politically expedient and morally right? Would I not thus give up all footing upon
Constitution or law? Lincoln accurately surmised that any freeing of the slaves elsewhere
would alienate the Border States, and the Union could not afford to lose any more states
than it had already lost. Part of the 'military necessity' justification for the proclamation was
the inference that freed blacks could be used in the armed forces. This bold decision
resulted in a substantial increase in the number of Northern troops. However, on February
1, 1865, not three months before his death, Lincoln approved and signed the resolution
submitting the Thirteenth Amendment (Abolition of Slavery) to the states for ratification.

Qualities of Lincoln

Capacity to Listen to Different Points of View
While researching her Pulitzer Prize winning book, Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of
Abraham Lincoln, Kearns Goodwin learned that Lincoln had the capacity to listen to
different points of view. He created a climate where Cabinet members were free to disagree
without fear of retaliation. At the same time, he knew when to stop the discussion and after
listening to the various opinions, make a final decision.
Ability to Learn on the Job
Lincoln was able to acknowledge errors, learn from them, and then move. In this way, he
established a culture of learning in his administration, said Kearns Goodwin.
Ready Willingness to Share Credit for Success
In response to concerns expressed by friends about the actions of some of his Cabinet
members, Lincoln stated that the "path to success and ambition is broad enough for two"
said Kearns Goodwin. When there was success, Lincoln shared the credit with all of those
involved.
Ready Willingness to Share Blame for Failure
When mistakes were made by members of his Cabinet, Lincoln stood up for them said
Kearns Goodwin. When contracts related to the war effort raised serious questions about a
member of his administration, Lincoln spoke up and indicated that he and his entire Cabinet
were to blame.

Awareness of Own Weaknesses
Kearns Goodwin noted that one of the weaknesses acknowledged by Lincoln was his
tendency to give people too many chances and because he was aware, he was able to
compensate for that weakness. As an example, she stated that George McClellan,
Commander in Chief of the Union Army, refused to follow directives about the war effort.
Lincoln eventually set a deadline and eventually removed McClellan from the position.
Ability to Control Emotions
According to Kearns Goodwin, Lincoln treated those he worked with well. However, he did
get angry and frustrated, so he found a way to channel those emotions. He was known to sit
down and write what he referred to as a hot letter to the individual he was angry with and
then he would set the letter aside and not send it. If he did lose his temper, Lincoln would
follow up with a kind gesture or letter to let the individual know he was not holding a grudge,
said Kearns Goodwin. She noted that one of the letters was released as part of Lincolns
Presidential papers with a notation that it was never signed nor sent.
Know How to Relax and Replenish
Lincoln understood the importance of relaxation and humor to shake of the stress of the day
and to replenish himself for the challenges of the next day. According to Kearns Goodwin,
Lincoln had a wonderful sense of humor and loved to tell funny stories. He encouraged a
healthy atmosphere of laughter and fun in his administration. He also enjoyed going to the
theater and spending time with friends.

Go Out into the Field and Manage Directly
During the Civil War, many soldiers died and there were many ups and downs. Lincoln
established lasting connections with the troops by visiting the battlefield and hospitals,
which also helped bolster morale.
Lincoln also spent time talking with members of the public, taking public opinion baths
according to Kearns Goodwin. He held public receptions and made a point of shaking
everyones hand and speaking to each individual.
Strength to Adhere to Fundamental Goals
In the summer of 1964, said Kearns Goodwin, the war was not going well for the North.
Members of his political party came to Lincoln and said that there was no way to win the
war and he might need to compromise on slavery. Lincoln held firm on the issue of slavery
and turned away from this advice.
Ability to Communicate Goals and Vision
Kearns Goodwin stated that Lincoln had a remarkable ability to communicate his goals to
his countrymen. He made concepts simple and communicated with an understanding of
the concerns of the citizens.
When the war ended and he won reelection, Lincoln did not focus on his achievements said
Kearns Goodwin. Rather, in his second inaugural speech, Lincoln focused on bringing the
country together as expressed in the following excerpt. With malice toward none, with
charity for all, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nations wounds, to
care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all
which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all
nations.
Kearns Goodwin ended her keynote address with the following words from Leo Tolstoy
about Abraham Lincoln. His greatness consisted of the integrity of his character and moral
fiber of his being.


Emotional Intelligence
Self-Awareness
People with high emotional intelligence are usually very self-aware. They understand their
emotions, and because of this, they don't let their feelings rule them. They're confident
because they trust their intuition and don't let their emotions get out of control.
They're also willing to take an honest look at themselves. They know their strengths and
weaknesses, and they work on these areas so they can perform better. Many people
believe that this self-awareness is the most important part of emotional intelligence.

Self-Regulation
This is the ability to control emotions and impulses. People who self-regulate typically don't
allow themselves to become too angry or jealous, and they don't make impulsive, careless
decisions. They think before they act. Characteristics of self-regulation are thoughtfulness,

Motivation
People with a high degree of emotional intelligence are usually motivated. They're willing to
defer immediate results for long-term success. They're highly productive, love a challenge,
and are very effective in whatever they do.

Empathy
This is perhaps the second-most important element of emotional intelligence. Empathy is
the ability to identify with and understand the wants, needs, and viewpoints of those around
you. People with empathy are good at recognizing the feelings of others, even when those
feelings may not be obvious. As a result, empathetic people are usually excellent at
managing relationships, listening, and relating to others. They avoid stereotyping and
judging too quickly, and they live their lives in a very open, honest way.
Social Skills
It's usually easy to talk to and like people with good social skills, another sign of high
emotional intelligence. Those with strong social skills are typically team players. Rather than
focus on their own success first, they help others develop and shine. They can manage
disputes, are excellent communicators, and are masters at building and maintaining
relationships.

Five Leadership Lessons We Can Learn From Abraham Lincoln



Looking closely at Lincoln's behavior during his presidency, you can see many great
leadership lessons. I'll mention five of them here.
Build a Strong Team
In 1855, Abraham Lincoln was slighted and insulted by Edwin M. Stanton, his co-counsel, in
the McCormick-Manny patent infringement case. Stanton said that he would not work with
"such a damned, gawky, long-armed ape as that."
In 1860, Abraham Lincoln became the Republican Party presidential nominee. Entering the
convention he was rated behind William Seward of New York and in the mix with Salmon
Chase of Ohio and Edward Bates of Missouri.
After he became President of the United States, he nominated:
William Seward to be his Secretary of State
Salmon Chase to be his Secretary of Treasury, and
Edward Bates to be his Attorney General
In 1862, nearly one year after the Civil War began; he had to replace his Secretary of War.
He chose Edwin Stanton.
When he had to build a team, he built one in spite of initial personal animosity rather
than because of close relationship. From this group of competing and, in some cases,
openly antagonistic people, he built a team that helped him to ultimately hold the Union
together.

Use Stories to Convey Messages
One of the most noted and long-remembered parts of Lincolns persona were his ability to
tell stories. Many historians point to his ability to tell appropriate stories as part of the
"magic" that drew people to him once they got to know him.

Persuade More than You Coerce
Lincoln seldom used the power of his office to force compliance with his wishes. He told
stories. He met with people. He wrote letters. If necessary, he could be quite direct.
Sometimes he had to go that route with people. Most of the time he worked to persuade
people rather than to coerce them.

Learn to Speak in Public
Lincoln was a noted public speaker. Much of his influence is attributed to his ability to
deliver a message publicly.

Master and Become Comfortable with Paradox
Lincoln was able to handle the tension of living in paradox.
For example:
He built his cabinet from political rivals.
He looked past personal slights and insult to build strong alliances (Edwin Stanton).
He was consistent in his principles and flexible in his pursuit of fulfilling them.
He understood both compassion and accountability.
He took risks, he created new approaches, and he demonstrated patience in his timing