Electronics Module 2

1

1. The maximum efficiency of transformer
coupled class A amplifier?
Ans. 50%

2. What is the maximum efficiency of a
class A amplifier with direct or series-
fed load connection?
Ans. 25%

3. How many valence electron does a
silicon atom have?
Ans. 4

4. How many terminals does a
Programmable Unijunction Transistor
have?
Ans. 3

5. A FET is a ____ controlled device?
Ans. Voltage

6. A 7805 regulator IC provides _____.
Ans. +5V

7. A 7912 regulator IC provides _____.
Ans. -12V

8. What is the range of the voltage level of
the LM317 adjusted voltage regulator?
Ans. 1.2V to 37V

9. In which period is the capacitor filter
charged in a full-wave rectifier?
Ans. The time during which the
diode(s) is/are conducting.

10. What is the purpose of an additional
RC filter section in a power supply
circuit?
Ans. Decrease ac voltage component

11. How many diodes conduct in the full-
wave bridge rectifier while the capacitor
is being charged?
Ans. 2


12. What is the ratio of the period of the
output voltage to the period of the
input voltage in a full-wave rectifier?
Ans. 0.5

13. What is considered the maximum
forward current for silicon diode
rectifier?
Ans. 600m A

14. What are the advantages of SCS over
SCR?
Ans. All of the choices:
*reduced turn off time
*increased control and
triggering sensitivity
*more predictable firing
situation

15. Which of the following devices has the
smallest amount of turn-off time?
Ans. LASCR

16. Which of the following devices has
approximately the same turn-on time
as turn-off time?
Ans. GTO

17. Which of the following parameter/s
is/are usually provided by the
manufacturer on the specification
sheet for SCRs?
Ans. All of the above:
*Turn-on time
*Turn-off time
*Junction and case
temperature

18. What is the maximum rms current
rating for commercially available
LASCRs today?
Ans. 3A



19. Which of the following devices has a
negative-resistance region in its
characteristics curve?
Ans. Unijunction transistor

20. What is the frequency of application of
SCRs?
Ans. About 50 kHz

21. The typical turn-off time of an SCR is
about
Ans. 5-30 s

22. An SCR is a ______ triggered device.
Ans. Current

23. What is the typical value of the reverse
resistance of SCRs?
Ans. 100K or more

24. For an SCS, a _____ pulse at the anode
gate turns the device on, while a _____
pulse will turn it off.
Ans. Negative, Positive

25. How many terminals does a diode
have?
Ans. 2

26. How many terminals can a MOSFET
have?
Ans. 3 or 4

27. What power amplifier is not intended
primarily for large signals?
Ans. Class C

28. What power amplifier is used for less
than 180 of the signal?
Ans. Class C

29. What is the level of change of
resistance per degree change in
temperature?
Ans. 3% to 5%

30. Which of the following semiconductor
material use in manufacturing a tunnel
diode?
Ans. Germanium and gallium

31. For a bjt in an active region, base to
emitter is ____ biased while base to
collector is _____ biased.
Ans. Forward, reverse

32. What is the level of the output voltage
of a ladder-network conversion?
Ans. The analog output voltage is
proportional to the digital input
voltage

33. Which of the following transistor an
SCR is composed of?
Ans. npn,pnp

34. The unit of the parameter h
o
?
Ans. Siemens

35. Which is/are the terminal/s of a
transistor?
Ans. all of the choices
*emitter
*base
*collector

36. Which of the following currents are
nearly equal to each other?
Ans. I
E
and I
c


37. What amplification can the active
region of a common emitter
configuration be used?
Ans. All of the choices
*Voltage
*Current
*Power

38. How many transistors are used in a
Class B power amplifier to output a full
cycle of the signal?
Ans. 2
Electronics Module 2

2

39. What is the typical current triggering
value of an SCS device?
Ans. 1.25 mA

40. What transistor is conducting when an
SCR is fired and in conduction mode?
Ans. both npn and pnp

41. What component of the collector
current is the leakage current?
Ans. minority

42. What instrument is used for precise
measurement of harmonic frequencies
of the distorted signal?
Ans. Wave analyzer

43. Which of the following configuration
has the least output impedance?
Ans. emitter-follower

44.
Ans. 100ms

45. Tunnel diode
Ans. 600mV

46. A thyristor is a _____ layer
semiconductor device.
Ans. 4

47. How many +Vcc connections a 565
PLL uses?
Ans. 2

48. Which of the following is the control
element of an SCR?
Ans. Gate

49. What is the required gate triggering
current of GTO?
Ans. 20mA

50. A diac has how many terminals?
Ans. 2
51. What is the typical value for a quality
factor of a crystal oscillator?
Ans. 20,000

52. What is the base-emitter voltage of a
transistor in the on state?
Ans. 0.7

53. Which of the following does not have a
cathode terminal?
Ans. Triac

54. An IC unit made using ____ and ____
is called a ____ circuit.
Ans. bipolar, MOSFET, BiMOS

55. Which of the following operation is
the resulting output signal of the
differential amplifier near zero?
Ans. Single Mode

56. In what state is the silicon diode if the
voltage drop across it is about 0.7V?
Ans. Forward-bias

57. Which of the following regions is/are
parts of the output characteristic curve
of a transistor?
Ans. All of the choices:
*Cutoff, Active, Saturation

58. In a common emitter, there is a ____
phase difference between the input and
the output signal.
Ans. 180

59. For a emitter-follower transistor, it has
a ____ impedance at the input and a ___
impedance at the output.
Ans. High, Low

60. Which of the following is
unquestionably the greatest interest
today?
Ans. SCR
61. What is the most frequently seen
configuration?
Ans. Common emitter

62. What is the typical turn-on time of
SCR?
Ans. 10us-25us

63. What is dc equal to?
Ans. Ic/Ie

64. Typical Value of open-loop Gain at
unity-gain frequency?
Ans. 1

65. The typical roll-off value of an op-
amp
Ans. -20db/decade or -6db/Octave

66. Response time for LCD
Ans. 100ms to 300ms

67. In a simple series regulator, which of
the following component is the
controlling element?
Ans. Transistor, Q1

68. In an improved shunt regulator,
which of the following components
sets the reference voltage?
Ans. Zener Diode

69. What is the resistance of thermistors
at room temperature (20C)?
Ans. 5K

70. What is the resistance of thermistors
at boiling temperature (100C)?
Ans. 100

71. The ISO-LIT Q1 16-pin Litronixopto-
olators consists of _____ opto-
isolators.
Ans. 4

72. What is the maximum temperature
limit for a Liquid-Crystal Display
(LCDs)?
Ans. 60C

73. Which of the following has a negative
resistance region?
Ans. Tunnel Diode

74. Power Devices are made from
_______.
Ans. Silicon

75. Solar Cells are made from __________
Ans. All of the Choices:
Indium Arsenide, Gallium
Arsenide, Cadmium Sulfate

76. Improvement of Negative Feedback
Ans. All of the Choices:
Better Voltage Gain, Improved
Frequency Response, High
input impedance

77. Temperature Coefficient of Thermistor
Ans. Positive or Negative

78. Input control element of _______ is
current and for _______ is voltage.
Ans. BJT, FET

79. Ladder Network conversion depends
on ________.
Ans. Comparator

80. The state of an ideal diode in the
region of non-conduction.
Ans. Open circuit

81. The ideal diode is _____ in the region
of nonconduction.
Ans. Open Circuit

82. Which of the following is/are level/s of
a ladder-network conversion?
Ans. 0V or Vref
Electronics Module 2

3

83. Maximum temperature rating for a
silicon power transistor?
Ans. 150 to 200 C

84. How many terminals an SCS have?
Ans. 4

85. The 311 IC can be made to function as
a _____.
Ans. Comparator

86. How many npn transistor can be
housed in a 14-pin plastic dual-in-line
package?
Ans. 4

87. Which of the following material use in
manufacturing thermistor?
Ans. A mixture of oxide cobalt,
nickel, strontium and manganese

88. Which of the components are/is on
the specification sheets provided by
the manufacturers?
Ans. All of the choices
*ON
*OFF
*Small-signal characteristics

89. Which of the following amplifier has
the least efficiency?
Ans. Class A

90. Which of the following current
equation is true?
Ans. I
D
=I
S


91. The tuning diode is a _____ dependent,
variable ______.
Ans. Voltage, Capacitor

92. The insulating layer is _____ in a
MOSFET.
Ans. SiO2

93. What is the typical input impedance of
a JFET?
Ans. 1000Megaohm

94. What configuration that is frequently
used in impedance matching?
Ans. Voltage-Divider Bias

95. The input impedance of a BJT is purely
_____ that ranges from a very few
_____ to _____.
Ans. Resistive, Ohm, Megaohm

96. The typical value of Vref and Iadj for
LM317?
Ans. 1.25V, 100A

97. How many transistors are needed for a
class B amplifier to make a full cycle of
the signal?
Ans. 2

98. What is the typical anode triggering
current of an SCR?
Ans. 1.25mA

99. For saturation, base-emitter _____ and
base-collector _____.
Ans. Forward, Forward

100. What decade was the first transistor
discovered?
Ans. 1940s

101. How many carrier/s participate in the
injection process of a unipolar device?
Ans. 1

102. A short circuit has a ______ drop
across its terminal.
Ans. 0V

103. What is/are the type of clamper?
Ans. Parallel

104. In FET, the is _______ because of
the ______ of the schockley equation.
Ans. nonlinear, squared

105. What is the typical dropout voltage
for the 7812 fixed positive voltage
regulator?
Ans. 4mV

106. The h parameter equivalent of re in
common-base configuration.
Ans. h
ib


107. Which of the following is/are stability
factor/s?
Ans. All of the choices
*S(Ico)
*S(Vbe)
*S()

108. Which of the following stability
factors overrides the blank?
Ans. S()

109. . . . . small signal is less than . . .
Ans. 1 Watt

110. Which of the following is/are the
application/s of Transistor?
Ans. All of the choices
*Amplication
*Switching
*Digital Circuit____

111. What is the ratio of Ip/Iv in Gallium
Arsenide?
Ans. 20 : 1

112. What is the . . . of the center of the
transistor?
Ans. 150 : 1

113. What value of capacitor appears in a
forward bias?
Ans. 4

114. What is the voltage drop across a
schottky diode?
Ans. 0 to 0.2V

115. What is the limit defined by Po/Pi?
Ans. Less than 1 or equal to 1

116. Applications of varactor diode:
Ans. Adjustable bandpass filter
Automatic frequency controlled
devices
FM Modulators

117. Transistor is _____-terminal device.
Ans. 3

118. The transfer curve of schockleys
equation is not defined for ____.
Ans E-MOSFET

119. Typical value of transition capacitance
in silicon diode when VD=0.
Ans. 3picofarad

120. Determine the free-running frequency
when R3 is set to 2.53K.
Ans. 116.39

121. What capacitance appears in the
forward bias region?
Ans. Diffusion

122. E-MOSFET is quite popular in _____.
Ans. High frequency
Digital circuit
Buffering

123. What devices has/have 4
semiconductor layers?
Ans. GTO
LASCR
SCS



124. Typical input impedance of common-
base configuration.
Electronics Module 2

4

Ans. a few ohms to a maximum of
50 ohms
125. For common-emitter fixed bias
configuration, input is ____ of the
output.
Ans. 180

126. Materials used in schottky
fabrication.
Ans. Tungsten
Molybdenum
Platinum

127. What does larger and smaller
resistance for forward and reverse bias
condition indicate when checking a
transistor using an ohmmeter?
Ans. Faulty device

128. Assume in approximate analysis for
voltage divider circuit
Ans. Ib is essentially equal to zero
R1 and R2 are in series
Beta Re ____ 10R2

129. For phase shift oscillator, the gain of
the amplifier stage must be greater
than ____.
Ans. 29

130. What is the value of each diode for a
voltage-doubler in a full-wave
rectifier?
Ans. 2Vmax

131. n-type and p-type semiconductor are
contained in an IC. This technology is
known as _____,
Ans. CMOS

132. Lesser overall voltage gain, ____
source resistance and/or _____ load
resistance.
Ans. Larger, smaller
133. How many comparators does a 339 IC
contain?
Ans. 4
134. . . . gain-bandwidth product
Ans. 1

135. Transistor driver for class D
amplification.
Ans. MOSFET

136. Output of 566 VCO
Ans. Both square and triangular
wave

137. LED operates in voltages from ____ to
____V.
Ans. 1.7 to 3.3 V

138. Voltage Resolution of an 8-stage
ladder network?
Ans. Vref/256

139. In which period is the capacitor filter
discharging in a full-wave rectifier?
Ans. The time during which the
diode(s) is/are not conducting.

140. Which of the following devices can
check the condition of a
semiconductor diode?
Ans. Curve Tracer
Multimeter
Digital Display Meter (DDM)

141. Which of the following is/are related
to emitter-follower configuration?
Ans. The input and output are in
phase
Voltage gain is slightly less
than one
The output is drawn from the
emitter terminal.

142. What unit is used to measure the level
of the diode forward current I
F
?
Ans. mA
143. Which of the following is/are
feedback?
Ans. Voltage-Shunt
Current-Series
Voltage-Series

144. What push-pull amp is presently the
most popular form of class B power
amplifier?
Ans. Quasi-complementary

145. Which of the following application
includes a PLL circuit?
Ans. Modem
AM decoders
Tracking Filters

146. Which of the following is an
application of infrared-emitter diode?
Ans. Paper-taper recorder
Shift-encoder
Intrusion alarm

147. What is the typical value of
capacitance for a varying capacitor- CT
in varactor diode?
Ans. 2 picofarad to 100 microfarad

148. Typical change in resistance per
degree change in temperature.
Ans. 3% to 5 %

149. Function of ladder network.
Ans. Change in digital input to analog
output

150. Handheld instruments are available to
measure ______ for a BJT.
Ans. IDSS

151. Configuration in which voltage gain is
equal to R
c
over R
e
.
Ans. Fixed bias common emitter and
voltage divider with bypass
capacitor

152. Configuration in which Zo is equal to
Rc.
Ans. Common emitter voltage
divider with bypass capacitor

153. Advantage of VMOS over MOSFET.
Ans. Faster Switching Time
Higher current and power rating
Reduced channel resistance

154. For a BJT amplifier, ____-gain typical
level is just less than 1 to a level that
exceeds 1000.
Ans. Current

155. Input impedance not valid for JFET.
Ans. 10
8
10
11

10
9
10
12

156. What is the slope-interval in the
integrator does the comparator in
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)
operate?
Ans. Both positive and negative

157. First phase of dual slope method of
conversion
Ans. Connecting analog voltage to
an integrator for a fixed time

158. For a particular problem, the highest
level of Id can be obtained from _____
circuit.
Ans. Ideal

159. In _______ frequency, the capacitive
elements of importance are
interelectrode capacitances and wiring
capacitances.
Ans. High

160. Value of gate current of FET dc
analysis
Ans. O A

161. In what range of current can a voltage
regulator operate
Ans. 100mA to 10A
Electronics Module 2

5


162. A 7805 regulator IC provides _____.
Ans. +5V

163. A 7912 regulator IC provides _____.
Ans. -12V

164. High resistance in both forward and
reverse bias direction.
Ans. Open diode

165. Current limit (Ip) of a tunnel diode.
Ans. A few microampere to several
hundred amperes

166. What is the input voltage level when
the output voltage level is numerically
equal to the value of the differential
gain of the amplifier?
Ans. Vi =-Vo = 0.5V

167. What is the value of the transition
capacitor of a silicon diode when
Vd=0?
Ans. 3
p
F

168. Which of the following defines the
conversion efficiency?
Ans.
Ac from the load/dc power supplied

169 What is the typical range of output
impedance of a common-emitter
configuration?
Ans. 40 k to 50 K

170. Which of the following is/are the
disadvantage/s of class-B
complementary-symmetry circuit?
Ans. *There is crossover distortion
in the output signal
*It needs two separate power
supply
*It does not provide exact switching

171. The diode _____.
Ans. *Is a two terminal device
*Is the simplest
semiconductor device
*characteristics match those
of a simple switch

172. Class AB power amplifier signal
variation.
Ans. Between 180 to 360

173. Typical response time of LED
Ans. Less than 100ns

174. Which of the following is used in
sinusoidal ac analysis of transistor
network?
Ans. Small- or large signal

175. Every point in the RL plane
Ans. Corresponds to a unique
combination of resistances and
inductive reactances

176. A wire has a conductance of 20
siemens. Its resistance is ____.
Ans. 0.05

177. Which of the following uses IC as its
main component?
Ans. Digital Computer

178. If X=1 and Y=1, X+YZ is ____.
Ans. always 1

179. The sound intensity level is tripled, in
what level the actual sound increases?
Ans. 5dB

180. Biasing an amplifier
Ans. can be done with a voltage-
divider

181. Wideband FM is preferable than
narrowband FM because _____
Ans. Fidelity is better

182. What is the value of Rd when Vds is
equal to zero?
Ans. 5.167 Kilo ohms

183. What voltage must be in a negative
level in any npn bias?
Ans. VBC

184. What element has zero current and
voltage drop .
Ans. Si and Ge

185. Schottky Diode is most effective in
______ frequency.
Ans. 20 GHz

186. Which of the following FET has a
lowest input impedance?
Ans. JFET

187. Calculate the frequency of this
network?
Ans. 128 Hz

189. The circuit below is an example of -
______.
Ans. Comparator

190. Calculate the free running frequency
of this network?
Ans. 53.33KHz

191. What is the ratio of output power to
input power at cut-off frequency in
normalized frequency response curve?
Ans. 0.5

192. What is the ratio of output voltage to
input voltage at cut-off frequency in
normalized frequency response curve?
Ans. 0.707

193. What is the controlling current in
common base configuration?
Ans. IE

194. In an open circuit, voltage may have
any value between the terminals but
the current is always _____
Ans. 0 A

195. Calculate the Eth of this network.
Ans. 12.12 V

196. Number of valence electrons of
germanium.
Ans. 14

197. The _________ diode model is most
frequently used in electronics systems.
Ans. Simplified

198. What does the negative sign indicate
in the voltage gain of Common Emitter
Fixed Bias Configuration?
Ans. The input signal is 180 degrees
out of phase to the output signal

199. In audio system, what reference level
is generally accepted?
Ans. 1mW

200. In _____ frequency, the bypass and
coupling capacitors can longer be
replaced by short circuit
approximations.
Ans. low

201. _______ displays the harmonics of
distorted signal.
Ans. Spectrum Analyzer

202. In voltage regulation with fixed RL
and R, which element indicates the
minimum signal voltage?
Ans. Iz

203. What is the difference voltage when
the input signals are ideally opposite?
Ans. Common Mode Gain times two
times the input signal

Electronics Module 2

6

204. What is the difference voltage when
the input signals are in phase?
Ans. Common Mode Gain times the
input signal

205. What should be done in order to
obtain the ac equivalent of the
network?
Ans. All of the Above
(Set all dc sources to zero, Replaced
all capacitors into its short
circuitapproximation, Removed all
bypassed elements)

206. Which of the following diode is
limited to the negative region in its
region of operation?
Ans. Photodiode

207. Available color/s of LED today.
Ans. All of the above (Yellow,
Orange and White)

208. Which of the following is not true
when comparing the dc load line of
fixed bias and voltage divider bias
configuration?
Ans. It will not cross the origin

209. What is the maximum efficiency of a
class-B circuit?
Ans. 85%

210. What region where both collector-
base and base-emitter junction are
reversed bias?
Ans. Saturation

211. What is the Drain-Current I
D
when
V
GS
is less than the pinch-off level?
Ans. Zero Amperes
212. Which of the following is/are the
safety of MOSFET handling?
Ans. *Power should be turned off
when network changes are
made
*Always pick-up the transistor
by the casing
*Always touch the ground
before handling the device

213. Which of the following is/are true in
self-bias configuration compared to
fixed-bias configuration?
Ans. *V
GS
is a function of the output
current I
D

*A resistor RS is added
*One of the dc supplies is
eliminated

214. The _________ model suffers from
being limited to a particular condition
if accuracy is to be considered.
Ans. Hybrid Equivalent

215. The difference output voltage of
ANY SIGNAL applied to the input
terminal is equal to
Ans. The sum of differential gain
times differential input voltage and
common mode gain times the
common input voltage

216. It is not uncommon for
germanium diode with Ic equal to 1 t0
2 A at 25 degree Celsius to have a
leakage current of 0.1mA at the
temperature of 100 degree Celsius.
Ans. True

217. The value of ID is always equal to
One Fourth of IDSS as long as the gate-
to-source voltage is equal to _____ of
pinch off voltage.
Ans. One Half

218. Donor atom has ___ valence
electrons.
Ans. 5

219. What is the input impedance of
common base configuration?
Ans. low

220. What is the input impedance of
emitter follower configuration?
Ans. high

221. Which of the following stability
has less effect as temperature
increases?
Ans. S()