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This book or parts of this book should not be reproduced or translated in any form without the written permission of Author.
BUILDING ESTIMATIONS
By
Mohammed Haroon
B.E Civil, MS Australia
Director of
AL-Madina Institute of Quantity Survey
Malakpet, Hyderabad, A.P, India.
www.quantitysurveyindia.com
Recommended by
Mohammed Abdul Rasool
B.E Civil (Structures), Osmania University Hyderabad India.
working in Saudi Arabia from last 36 years
Professor Mohammed Iqbal Ahmed
B.E,Civil, M.E Environmental
Head of Civil Engineering Department, K.B.N.C.E, Gulbarga University, Karnataka.
TO MY
MOTHER & FATHER
CONTENTS
Introduction
Page no.
01 - 01
02 - 03
04 - 09
10 - 19
20 - 23
24 - 24
25 - 25
25 - 26
26 - 31
31 - 39
40 - 46
46 - 47
48 - 54
55 - 56
57 - 59
60 - 60
61 - 61
62 - 69
70 - 79
80 - 83
83 - 88
89 - 90
91 - 92
93 - 94
95 - 98
99 - 101
102 - 104
104 - 106
107 111
112 117
118 118
119 119
120 120
121 123
124 124
125 127
128 152
SUB-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS
38. Calculation for (a)Volume of Concrete (b) Shuttering Area (c)Bitumen Paint Area
(d) Polythene Sheet Area (e) Termite Control Area
39. Calculation & Solution for Footings
40. Calculation & Solution for P.C.C under Footings
41. Calculation & Solution for Neck Columns
42. Calculation & Solution for Tie Beams & Strap beams
43. Calculation & Solution for P.C.C under Tie Beams
44. Calculation & Solution for Plinth Beams
45. Calculation & Solution for P.C.C under Plinth Beams
46. Calculation & Solution for 20 cm thick Slab with steel mesh under floor tiles
47. Calculation & Solution for Retaining Wall
48. Calculation & Solution for Rectangular Sump
49. Calculation & Solution for Circular Sump
50. Calculation & Solution for Septic Tank
61. Calculation & Solution for Earth Work Excavation & Back fill with Pit-Wise Method
153 - 154
155 162
163 164
165 174
175 178
179 181
182 184
185 186
187 189
190 193
194 196
197 200
201 203
204 212
213 216
217 217
SUPER-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS
64. Calculation for (a)Volume of Concrete (b) Shuttering Area
65. Calculation & Solution for Floor Columns
66. Calculation & Solution for Drop Beams
67. Calculation & Solution for Roof Slab
68. Calculation & Solution for Dog-Leg Stair Case
69. Calculation & Solution for Brick work
70. Calculation & Solution for cement : mortar required for Brick work
71. Calculation & Solution for Plastering
72. Calculation & Solution for cement : mortar required for Plastering
73. Calculation & Solution for Paint (Emulsion & Enamel paint)
74. Calculation & Solution for Wall Putty
75. Calculation & Solution for False Ceiling
76. Calculation & Solution for Flooring, Wall Skirting & Wall Tiles
77. Calculation & Solution for cement : mortar required for Flooring
78. Calculation & Solution for cement required for Wall Skirting & Wall Tiles
79. Bill of Quantities for Doors & Window
80. Calculation for the Fitting of Doors & Windows
81. Bill of Quantities for Doors & Windows Fittings
82. Window Grill & Gate Calculations
81. Calculation & Solution for Miscellaneous item (Loft, Kitchen Plat-form, Lintel, Sun-shade etc.
82. Abstract for the Quantities of Super-Structure (Concrete & Shuttering)
83. Abstract for the Quantities of Super Structure
84. Bill of Quantities for Super-Structure
85. Bill of Quantities for Residential Villa
218 218
219 228
229 232
233 239
240 242
243 247
248 248
249 280
281 282
283 285
286 287
288 292
293 312
313 313
314 314
315 316
317 320
321 321
322 322
323 338
339 339
340 341
342 343
344 345
REINFORCEMENT CALCULATIONS
86. Reinforcement Calculations
87. Bar Bending Schedules (B.B.S)
88. Project Drawing for Reinforcement
346 346
347 357
358 375
376 376
377 395
396 421
422 431
432 440
441 450
451 478
479 485
486 493
494 500
501 501
502 502
503 503
504 536
537 566
567 584
585 592
593 606
607 607
608 608
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9. Retaining wall
10. Retaining wall Base.
11. Retaining wall P.C.C.
12. Water calculation
13. Rectangular Sump
14. Circular Sump
15. Septic tank
16. Lift pit
17. Earth work Excavation calculation
18. Back- Fill calculation
19. Abstract for the Quantities of Sub-structure.
20. Bill of Quantities
21. Concrete proportions and Ratios with Concrete mix-design
List of items to be calculated for each item below Ground level
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Volume of Concrete in m3
Area of Shuttering in m2
Area of Water-proof membrane with bitumen paint in m2
Area of Termite control in m2
Area of Polythene sheet or Vapour Barrier in m2
Reinforcement in Kgs or Tones
Floor columns
Floor beams
Floor slabs
Stair cases (Typical & Semi-Circular)
Ramp (inclined & Semi-Circular)
Parking platform
Brick work (No. of bricks required)
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
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Termite Control:
After excavation, compaction is done on the earths surface and then it is treated with termite control (Anti fungus spray). Generally Earth is treated to
control the attack of the insects to the structure and protecting the Sub-Structure item from future damage; Liquid spray is sprayed on the Surface of the
Earth and is kept open to the atmosphere for 24 hours to kill all types of insects which is likely to come in future time.
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Polythene sheet:
Polythene sheet is laid on the surface of ground after Termite Control Spray is spread. Generally they are 2mm to 6mm thick.
The purpose of laying sheet is to hold the water of concrete and not letting it to have seepage on ground.
Generally when plain Cement concrete is put on surface of the ground, the water from the concrete will come out and it will be absorbed by the earth,
then concrete will loose its workability and strength.
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ALMadinaInstituteofQuantitySurvey
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Phoneno.:+919550259317;+914066710031;+919849067535Website:www.quantitysurveyindia.com8
Types of Footings
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Plain Footing
Step Footing
Isolated/Strip/Tapered Footing
Plain Combined Footing
Isolated Combined Footing
Strap footing or Neighbor footing or Shoe Footing
Raft Footing
Pile Footing
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1. Plain Footing:These footings are generally common in both India as well as Gulf countries. It is easy to construct and consume less time. It is constructed where the
soil bearing capacity is normal (Good). SBC = 24kn / m3
C=Column; F=Footing
2. Step footing:These types of footings were constructed in olden days, now they are out dated.
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3. Isolated Footing:These types of footings are constructed for single column and they may be in square or rectangular shape.
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4. Combined Footing:A footing which has more than one column is called as combined footing. They are constructed for two or more column and they may be in
rectangular or trapezoidal in shape. It is design in a place where the space is limited, where due to lack of space we cannot cast individual
footings, therefore footings are combined in to one footing.
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5. Strap or Neighbor or Shoe-footing:Shoe footing is the half footing cut-out from the original footing and which has shape of Shoe. It is provided on the corner of plot next to
Neighbors plot. Where there is no provision of setback area. They are constructed on property boundary.
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Note: All the Shoe-footings are constructed on the soil, where the soil bearing capacity (SBC) is normal. SBC = 24kn / m3
6. Raft Footing:- Its is one footing in on whole plot and it provided in a places like seashore area, coastal area or beach area where the water table is
very high and the soil bearing capacity is weak. Such as five star hotels and High-rise buildings near the beaches.
When number of column in more than one row, provided with a combined footing, the footing is called as Mat or Raft Footing.
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7. Pile Footing:- They are constructed where excessive settlement is to be eliminated and where the load is to be transferred through soft soil
stratum, where the Soil bearing capacity is sufficient.
Piles are nothing but round columns, they may be pre-cast or cast- in- situ [cast on site]
These types of footings are provided when the Soil bearing capacity of soil is very weak and the Ground water table (level) is high,
The main objective of providing piles under the footing is to prevent structure from settlement.
If we dont provide pile under the footing, then the building will have settlement.
Piles are hammered in to the ground till hard strata (in compressible) layer of earth is found.
These types of footings are generally designed on sea shore areas.
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Types of Columns
Square column or Rectangular column:
They are generally used in construction of buildings, which are common in practice; these types of column are provided only if the shape of room
is rectangular or square.
Circular column:
They are special designed columns; they are generally used in piling and in the elevation of buildings.
L type column:
They are generally used in the corners of the boundary wall.
T type column:
They are used depending on design requirements and also in over bridges, etc.
V type column:
Depending upon the structure, they are also constructed in buildings, if the shape of the room is trapezoidal.
Hexagon type column:
They are generally modified columns to give a good look to the column, which is provided in open verandah and Halls.
Arch type column:
These types of columns are design if the room has arch shape.
Y type column:
These types of columns are generally used in the construction of bridges, fly-overs, etc.
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ALMadinaInstituteofQuantitySurvey
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Types of Floors:
Basement Floor
Podium Floor
Ground Floor
Mezzanine Floor
First Floor
Typical Floor
Helipad
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Basement Floor:
The floor which is constructed below ground level for store rooms or mechanical room or parking is called as Basement Floor.
Podium Floor:
The floor which is constructed either below ground level or above ground level, especially for car parking is called as Podium floor.
Ground Floor:
The floor which is constructed on ground level is called as Ground floor.
Mezzanine Floor:
The floor which is constructed between Ground and First Floor is called as Mezzanine floor. This type of floor is constructed for Services of building,
shops & offices, to provide facilities for the occupants who are living in High-rise buildings. For proper ventilation the ceiling height of floor is increase
1metre more than the normal ceiling height.
First Floor:
The floor which is constructed above ground floor or above mezzanine floor is called as first floor.
Typical Floor: Typical floor is nothing but repeated floor.
The plan which is design for Ground floor and want to have the same plan for other floors, then these floors are called as Typical floor-1 or typical floor2, etc.
Helipad:
The floor which is constructed above Roof Floor and which is used for Landing of Helicopter or Taking off of Helicopter is called as Helipad.
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Types of load
1. Point load
2. Uniformly Distributed Load [UDL]
3. Wind load
4. Concentric load
5. Rolling load or Moving load
6. Dead load
7. Live load
8. Self load
9. Seismic load
10. Eccentric load
Honey comb
Honey comb is nothing but voids or gaps in the concrete structure after removing the wooden or iron Shutter. Honey comb appears in concrete structure
mainly due to heavy reinforcement inside structure. (For example more no. of stirrups in columns or beams etc.)
To prevent concrete from honey comb, Vibrator should run in concrete in proper manner during filling of concrete. The vibrator should run with specific
time. The duration of running vibrator should not exceed more than 30 seconds; otherwise it will start separating water from concrete, which will let the
concrete to lose its workability and strength.
In some cases even after running the vibrator honey comb will appear and in such cases add the admixture to cement: mortar and paste it in voids and
concrete will regain its strength.
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Types of Beams
1. Tie beam:
The beam which ties two footings from one face of footing to the other face of footing with linear (straight) length is called as Tie beam.
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2. STRAP beam:
The beam which ties two footings from one face of footing to another face of footing with inclined length or with an angle is called as Strap beam.
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5. Concealed beam:
The beam which supports the slab within the thickness of the slab is called as concealed beam.
6. Cantilever beam:
The beam supported on one end and free on other end is called as Cantilever beam.
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Types of Slab
1. Conventional Slab
(i)one-way slab
(ii)Two ways slab
2. Hardy or Hordy slab
3. Waffle slab
4. Dome slab
5. Pitch roof
6. Projected slab or portico slab
7. Pre-stressed slab
8. Cable suspension slab
9. Slab with arches
10. Grade slab
11. Hollow-core ribbed slab
12. Sunken-slab or Depressed slab
13. Low roof / Loft or Chajja
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1. Flat slabs: The slab which is supported on Columns head or Column caps without beams is called as Flat slab.
Conventional or Ordinary slabs are of two types,
(i) One way slab: Main reinforcement for bending moment will be only in one direction, the other reinforcement will be distribution
steel.
(ii) Two way slab: Reinforcement for bending moment will be in two directions.
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Step 1
.
Step 2
Form work is arranged and then shutters are fixed on the form work
Step 3
The gaps between the blocks are called as rib. Reinforcement is provided in a form of beam within the gap such as rib.
Step 4
After placing the rib, the Plane steel mesh is placed on the entire slab area resting on ribs.
Step 5
Note
Hardy blocks are placed on the shutter with one brick gap on the entire shutter
3. Waffle slab:
This is a type of slab where we find hollow hole in the slab when the form work is removed. This is generally constructed in the hotels,
universities and restaurants, etc.
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4. Dome slab:
These types of slabs are generally constructed in temples, mosques, palaces, etc.
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5. Pitch roof:
Pitch roof is an inclined slab, generally constructed on resorts for a natural look.
They are also constructed near gardens, re-creation centers, etc
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6. Projected slab:
The slab which has one side fixed and the other side is free is called as Projected slab. These types of slabs are generally constructed in
hotels, universities functions, halls, etc. to use that area for dropping or picking up zone and for loading and unloading area.
7. Pre-stress Concrete slab:
Pre-stressing is artificially induced compressive stresses in a structure before it is loaded so that the tensile stresses which might be caused
by the external dead and live load are automatically canceled and the cracks are eliminated. These are done by pre-tensioning and post
tensioning. It is best suited for mass production of pre-cast members.
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13. Low Roof and Loft: low roof is provided on lintel-level of doors and loft is provided in kitchens for storage of house material.
Low roof
Loft
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Types of walls
1. Brick masonry wall
2. Course rubble stone masonry wall or C.R.S Wall
3. Random rubble stone masonry wall or R.R.S Wall.
4. Retaining wall
5. Shear wall
6. Curtain wall
7. Pre-cast wall
8. Parapet wall
9. Compound or boundary wall
10. Drop wall
11. Partition wall
12. Load bearing wall
13. Core wall
1. Brick masonry wall:
The wall which is constructed with bricks is called as brick wall. The thickness of brick wall could be 10cm or 20cm.
10cm wall is called as Single brick wall or partition wall.
20cm wall is called as Double brick wall or outer wall of house or boundary wall.
The density of Brick = 2.42 kgs/cm3
With fine clay = 1.92 kgs/cm3
Note: the length of the Brick wall in single stretch should not exceed more than 4m. If it exceeds a column must and should be constructed with
bricks or R.C.C.
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(i)
Brick wall
4. Retaining wall: A wall designed to maintain unequal level of ground on its two faces is called as retaining wall.
The wall which is constructed all around the plot below ground level to retain the soil and land sliding after the earth work
excavation on site is called as retaining wall. Retaining wall can be made up of R.C.C or C.R.S
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5. Shear wall:
The wall which is constructed around the water Sump, lift pit or stair case to retain the soil is called as Shear wall. It will share two
pressures i.e, water pressure & soil pressure or water pressure & wind pressure.
6. Curtain wall:
The wall which is constructed with glass and aluminum or steel frame in a long hall to make individual cabins is called as Curtain
wall.
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7. Pre-cast wall:
The readymade wall which is made up of R.C.C and which is directly installed on site is called as Pre-cast wall.
8. Parapet wall:
The wall is constructed on the top roof of the building to prevent the falling in anything from the roof. The height of wall = 3 ft.
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Types of Stair-case:
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Unit Conversion
One dimensional calculation:
The distance between two points is called as length and the length calculation is called as one dimensional calculation.
Two-dimensional calculation:
Two-dimensional calculation is carried out in two directions, i.e. X and Y axes, so it is also called as area calculation or two dimensional
calculations.
Three-dimensional calculation:
Three-dimensional calculation is carried out in three directions, i.e. X,Y&Z axes and it is called as volume calculation or three dimensional
calculation.
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S.no
Unit
Meter
Denoted by
One dimension
Two Dimension
Three dimension
symbol
(Length)
(Area)
(Volume)
Centimeter
CM
CM
Millimeter
MM
MM
4
5
Feet
Inch
Yard
FT
INCH
YD
FT
INCH
YD
MM x MM x MM = MM3 or CUMM or
Millimeter
Cubic millimeter
inch
or Cubic inch
Scales:
1 meter = 1000 mm
1 meter = 100 cm
1 cm = 10 mm
1 meter = 1.0936 yd
1 meter = 3.28 ft
1 meter = 39.37
1 feet = 12
1 = 2.54 cm
1 = 25.4 mm
1 yard = 36
1 yard = 3 feet
1yd2 = 9 square feet
1 acre = 4840 yd2
1 hectare = 2.47 acre
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S.no
15m = ? fts
Since 1m = 3.28 ft
Therefore 15 x 3.28 = 49.212 ft
15m2 = ? fts2
Since 1m = 3.28 ft
Therefore 15 x 3.282 = 161.458 ft2
22 m = ? inches
Since 1m = 39.37
Therefore 22 x 39.37 = 866.141
22 m2 = ? inches2
Since 1m = 39.37
Therefore 22 x 39.372 = 34100.062
2.5 m = ? mm
Since 1m = 1000mm
Therefore 2.5 x 1000 = 2500 mm
2.5 m2 = ? mm2
Since 1m = 1000mm
Therefore 2.5 x 10002 = 2500000 mm2
2.0 m = ? cm
Since 1m = 100 cm
Therefore 2.0 x 100 = 200 cm
2.0 m2 = ? cm2
Since 1m = 100 cm
Therefore 2.0 x 1002 = 20000 cm2
14m = ? yd
Since 1m = 1.093 yd
Therefore 14 x 1.093 = 15.302 yd
14m2 = ? yd2
Since 1m = 1.093 yd
Therefore 14 x 1.0932 = 16.74 yd2
18ft = ? yd
Since 1 yd = 3
Therefore 18 / 3 = 6.0 yd
15ft = ? inches
Since 1 ft = 12
Therefore 15 x 12 = 180
15ft = ? m
Since 1 m = 3.28 ft
Therefore 15/3.28 = 4.57 m
18ft2 = ? yd2
Since 1 yd = 3
Therefore 18 / 32 = 2.0 yd2
15ft2 = ? inches2
Since 1 ft = 12
Therefore 15 x 122 = 21602
15ft2 = ? m2
Since 1 m = 3.28 ft
Therefore 15/3.282 = 1.394 m2
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15ft2 = ? cm2
Since 1 ft = 12
Therefore 15 x 122 = 21602
Since 1 = 2.54cm
Therefore 2160 x 2.542 = 13935.456
cm2
1ft2 = ? mm2
Since 1 ft = 12
Therefore 1 x 122 = 1442
Since 1 = 25.4mm
Therefore 144 x 25.42 = 92903.04 mm2
12 yd2 = ? mm2
Since 1 yd = 36
Therefore 12 x 362= 155522
Since 1 = 25.4mm
Therefore 15552 x 25.42 = 10033528.32
mm2
15ft = ? cm
Since 1 ft = 12
Therefore 15 x 12 = 180
Since 1 = 2.54cm
Therefore 180 x 2.54 = 457.20 cm
10
1ft = ? mm
Since 1 ft = 12
Therefore 1 x 12 = 12
Since 1 = 25.4mm
Therefore 12 x 25.4 = 304.8 mm
11
12 yd = ? mm
Since 1 yd = 36
Therefore 12 x 36 = 432
Since 1 = 25.4mm
Therefore 432 x 25.4 = 10972.8 mm
12
1.5 yd = ? cm
Since 1 yd = 36
Therefore 1.5 x 36 = 54
Since 1 = 2.54cm
Therefore 54 x 2.54 = 137.16 cm
15 yd = ? m
Since 1 m = 1.093 yd
Therefore 15 / 1.093 = 13.723 m
25 yd = ? ft
Since 1 yd = 3 ft
Therefore 25 x 3 = 75 ft
18 yd = ? inches
Since 1 yd = 36
15 yd2 = ? m2
Since 1 m = 1.093 yd
Therefore 15 / 1.0932 = 12.555 m2
25 yd2 = ? ft2
Since 1 yd = 3 ft
Therefore 25 x 32 = 225 ft2
18 yd2 = ? inches2
Since 1 yd = 36
13
14
15
15ft3 = ? cm3
Since 1 ft = 12
Therefore 15 x 123 = 259203
Since 1 = 2.54cm
Therefore 25920 x 2.543 = 424752.69 cm3
1ft3 = ? mm3
Since 1 ft = 12
Therefore 1 x 123 = 17283
Since 1 = 25.4mm
Therefore 1728 x 25.43 = 28316846.59 mm3
12 yd3 = ? mm3
Since 1 yd = 36
Therefore 12 x 363= 5598723
Since 1 = 25.4mm
Therefore 559872 x 25.43 = 9174658296
mm3
1.5 yd3 = ? cm3
Since 1 yd = 36
Therefore 1.5 x 363 = 699843
Since 1 = 2.54cm
Therefore 69984 x 2.543 = 1146832.287
cm3
15 yd3 = ? m3
Since 1 m = 1.093 yd
Therefore 15 / 1.0933 = 11.487 m3
25 yd3 = ? ft3
Since 1 yd = 3 ft
Therefore 25 x 33 = 675 ft3
18 yd3 = ? inches3
Since 1 yd = 36
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Therefore 18 x 36 = 648
9600 mm = ? inches
Since 1 inch = 25.4mm
Therefore 9600 / 25.4 = 377.952
5500 mm = ? ft
Since 1 inch = 25.4mm
Therefore 5500 / 25.4 = 216.535
Since 1ft = 12
Therefore 216.535/12 = 18.044 ft
800 mm = ? cm
Since 1 cm = 10 mm
Therefore 800 / 10 = 80 cm
19
800 mm = ? m
Since 1 m = 1000 mm
Therefore 800 / 1000 = 0.8 m
800 mm2 = ? m2
Since 1 m = 1000 mm
Therefore 800 / 10002 = 0.0008 m2
20
9500 mm = ? yd
Since 1 inch = 25.4 mm
Therefore 9500 / 25.4 = 374.015
Since 1 yd = 36
Therefore 374.015/36 = 10.389 yd
21
850 cm = ? yd
Since 1 inch = 2.54 cm
Therefore 850 / 2.54 = 334.645
Since 1 yd = 36
Therefore 334.645/36 = 9.295 yd
850 cm = ? yd
Since 1 inch = 2.54 cm
Therefore 850 / 2.542 = 131.752
Since 1 yd = 36
Therefore 131.75/362= 0.1016 yd2
22
600 cm = ? ft
Since 1 inch = 2.54 cm
Therefore 600/ 2.54 = 236.22
Since 1 ft = 12
16
17
18
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23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
6512 inch = ? yd
Since 1yd = 36
Therefore 6512 / 36 = 180.888 yd
66 = ? ft
Since 1 ft = 12
6 / 12 = 0.5 ft
Therefore 6 + 0.5 = 6.5 ft
93= ? m
Since 1 ft = 12
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33
34
35
36
3 / 12 = 0.25 ft
Therefore 9 + 0.25 = 9.25 ft
Since 1m = 3.28 ft
Therefore 9.25/3.28 = 2.82 m
83/4 = ? inch
Since 1 ft = 12
8 x 12 = 96
96 +3/4 = 96 + 0.75 = 96.75
44 = ? cm
Since 1 ft = 12
Therefore 4 x 12 = 48
48 + 4 = 52
Since 1 = 2.54 cm
Therefore 52 x 2.54 = 132.08 cm
124 = ? mm
Since 1 ft = 12
Therefore 12 x 12 = 144
144 + 4 = 148
Since 1 = 25.4mm
Therefore 148 x 25.4 = 3759.2 mm
1812 = ? yd
Since 1 ft = 12
Therefore 12 / 12 = 1 ft
18 + 1 = 19 ft
Since 1yd = 3 ft
Therefore 19/3 = 6.33 yd
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Rate Conversion
Problem-1 :
if Rate/ft = 12 rupees;
Solution:
Method-1:
Since 1 m = 3.28 ft
= 12 x 3.28
= 39.36 or approximately equal to 40 rupees / m
Method-2:
1ft = ? m
Since 1m 3.28 ft
= 1/3.28
= 0.304 m
Since 1ft = 0.304 m
= 0.304 m = 12 rupees
=1m=?
= (1/0.304) x 12
= 39.47 or approximately equal to 40 rupees / m
Problem-2 :
Rate/Sft = 25 rupees
Rate/m2 = ?
Solution :
Method-1:
Since 1 m = 3.28 ft
= 25 x 3.282
= 268.96 or approximately equal to 269.0 rupees / m2
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Method-2:
1ft2 = ? m2
Since 1m 3.28 ft
= 1/3.282
= 0.0929 m2
Since 1ft2 = 0.0929 m2
= 0.0929 m2 = 25 rupees
= 1 m2 = ?
= (1/0.0929) x 25
= 269.0 rupees / m2
Problem-3 :
Rate/Cft = 55 rupees
Rate/m3 = ?
Solution
Method-1:
Since 1 m = 3.28 ft
= 55 x 3.283
= 1940.81 or approximately equal to 1941.0 rupees / m3
Method-2:
1ft3 = ? m3
Since 1m 3.28 ft
= 1/3.283
= 0.02833 m3
Since 1ft3 = 0.02833 m3
= 0.02833 m3 = 55 rupees
= 1 m3 = ?
= (1/0.02833) x 55
= 141.40 rupees / m3
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LengthandAreaCalculations
Formulas:
1.SquareorRectangle
(i)Area=A=LxB
(ii)PeripheralLength=L=(L+B)x2
2.Pythagorastheorem
thistheoremisusedtofindoutanyinclinedlength
c2=a2+b2
c=(a2+b2)
3.Triangle
(i)Area=A=1/2xBxH
(ii)PeripheralLength=L=B+H+C
4.IrregularTriangle
(i)Area=A=(s(sa)(sb)(sc))
wheres=(a+b+c)/2
(ii)PeripheralLength=L=a+b+c
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5.EquilateralTriangle
(i)Area=A=(a 2/4)x3
(ii)PeripheralLength=L=a+a+a=3a
6.IsoscelesTriangle
(i)Area=A=(a/4)x 4b2a2
(ii)PeripheralLength=L=a+b+b=a+2b
7.Trapezoidal
(i)Area=A=1/2(a+b)xh
(ii)PeripheralLength=L=a+b+c+c
8.Hexagon
(i)Area=A=(0.5xrx0.5xrxTan60)x6
(ii)PeripheralLength=L=6r
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9.Circle
(i)Area=A= /4xd2
whered=diameterofcircle; =3.14
(ii)PeripheralLength=L=2x xr
wherer=radiusofcircle
10.SemiCircle
(i)Area=A= /4xd2x0.50
whered=diameterofcircle; =3.14
(ii)PeripheralLength=L=2x xrx0.50
wherer=radiusofcircle
11.QuarterCircle
(i)Area=A= /4xd2x0.25
whered=diameterofcircle; =3.14
(ii)PeripheralLength=L=2x xrx0.25
wherer=radiusofcircle
12.SegmentalArc
(i)Area=A=2/3xDx(H 3/2D)
whered=diameterofcircle
H=heightofarc
(ii)ArcLength=L=(8b2r)/3
wherer=radiusofcircle
b=(r2+h2)
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WoodenorIronShutteringAreaCalculations
Problem1:
findshutteringareaforthegivencolumn
Solution:
Shutteringarea=Peripherallengthxdepth
.=2.80x3.0
.=8.4m 2
peripherallength=L=(L+B)x2
L=(0.80+0.60)x2
L=2.80m
Problem2:
findshutteringareaforthegivencolumn
Solution:
Shutteringarea=Peripherallengthxdepth
.=1.57x3.0
.=4.71m 2
peripherallength=L=2x xr
L=2xx0.25
L=1.57m
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VolumeofConcreteCalculations
Problem1:
findVolumeofconcreteforthegivenRectangularcolumn
Solution:
volumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
.=0.48x3.0
.=1.44m 3
thereforeareaofcolumn=LxB
A=0.80x0.60
A=0.48m 2
Problem2:
findVolumeofconcreteforthegivencolumn
Solution:
volumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
.=0.196x3.0
.=0.588m3
thereforeareaofcolumn= /4xd2
A=/4x0.52
A=0.196m2
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ProblemsonFootings
Problem1:
ForagivenPlainfootingfind
1.volumeofconcrete
2.AreaofShuttering
3.AreaofBitumenpaint
Solution:
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
.=LxBxD
.=0.80x0.80x0.50
.=0.32m 3
2.ShutteringArea=PeripheralLengthxDepth
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(0.80+0.80)x2x0.50
.=1.6m 2
F=0.80mx0.80mx0.50m
C=0.35mx0.35m
3.BitumenpaintArea=peripherallengthxDepth+topareaColumnArea
.=(L+B)x2xD+LxBlxb(ColumnDimension)
.=(0.80+0.80)x2x0.50+0.80x0.800.35x0.35
2
.=2.117m
Problem2:
ForagivenPlainCombinedfootingfind
1.volumeofconcrete
F=3.50mx1.20mx0.60m
C1=0.40mx0.40m
2.AreaofShuttering
3.AreaofBitumenpaint
Solution:
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
.=LxBxD
.=3.5x1.20x0.60
.=2.52m 3
C2==0.50;
2.ShutteringArea=PeripheralLengthxDepth
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(3.5+1.2)x2x0.60
.=5.64m 2
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3.BitumenpaintArea=peripherallengthxDepth+topareaColumnArea
.=(L+B)x2xD+LxBlxb(ColumnDimensions)
.=(3.5+1.2)x2x0.60+3.5x1.20.40x0.40 /4x0.52
.=9.483m2
Problem3:
ForagivenShoefootingfind
1.volumeofconcrete
2.AreaofShuttering
3.AreaofBitumenpaint
F=0.60mx0.50mx0.55m
C=0.25mx0.25m
Solution:
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
.=LxBxD
.=0.6x0.50x0.55
.=0.165m3
2.ShutteringArea=PeripheralLengthxDepth
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(0.60+0.50)x2x0.55
.=1.21m 2
3.BitumenpaintArea=peripherallengthxDepth+topareaColumnArea
.=(L+B)x2xD+LxBlxb(ColumnDimension)
.=(0.60+0.50)x2x0.55+0.60x0.500.25x0.25
.=1.447m2
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Problem4:
ForagivenRaftfootingfind
1.volumeofconcrete
F=12.5mx10.6mx1.40m
C1=0.40mx0.40m
2.AreaofShuttering
C2=0.40mx0.50m
3.AreaofBitumenpaint
C3=0.50mx0.50m
Solution:
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
.=LxBxD
.=12.5x10.6x1.4
.=185.50m3
2.ShutteringArea=PeripheralLengthxDepth
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(12.5+10.6)x2x1.40
.=64.68m2
thereforecolumnarea=LxBxno.ofcolumns
2
C1=0.40x0.40x3=0.48m
C2=0.40x0.50x3=0.60m 2
C3=0.50x0.50x3=0.75m 2
TotalColumnarea=0.48+0.60+0.75=1.83m 2
3.BitumenpaintArea=peripherallengthxDepth+topareaColumnArea
.=(L+B)x2xD+LxBlxb(ColumnArea)
.=(12.5+10.6)x2x1.40+12.5x10.61.83
.=195.35m2
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Problem5:
ForagivenStepfootingfind
1.volumeofconcrete
2.AreaofShuttering
3.AreaofBitumenpaint
F=step1:0.80mx0.80mx0.25m
F=step2:0.70mx0.70mx0.25m
F=step3:0.60mx0.60mx0.25m
C=0.30mx0.30m
Solution:
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
.=LxBxD
step1
.=0.80x0.80x0.25
step2
.=0.70x0.70x0.25
step3
.=0.60x0.60x0.25
TotalVolume
.=0.16m 3
.=0.122m3
.=0.09m 3
.=0.372m3
2.ShutteringArea=PeripheralLengthxDepth
.=(L+B)x2xD
step1
.=(0.80+0.80)x2x0.25
.=0.80m 2
step2
.=(0.70+0.70)x2x0.25
.=0.70m 2
step3
.=(0.60+0.60)x2x0.25
.=0.60m 2
TotalArea
.=2.10m 2
3.BitumenpaintArea=peripherallengthxDepth+topareatopsteparea
2
step1
.=(0.80+0.80)x2x0.25+0.80x0.800.7x0.70
.=0.95m
step2
.=(0.70+0.70)x2x0.25+0.70x0.700.60x0.60
.=0.83m 2
step3
.=(0.60+0.60)x2x0.25+0.60x0.600.30x0.30
.=0.87m 2
2
TotalArea
.=2.65m
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Problem6:
ForagivenPileunderfooting(pilecap)find
1.volumeofconcrete
2.AreaofShuttering
3.AreaofBitumenpaint
PileDimension:
=0.50m;height=3.5m
Solution:
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
.=/4xd2xD
2
.=/4x0.5 x3.5
3
.=0.687m
2.ShutteringArea=PeripheralLengthxDepth
.=2xxrxD
.=2xx0.25x3.50
.=5.49m 2
3.BitumenpaintArea=peripherallengthxDepth+bottomarea
2
.=2xxrxD+/4xd
.=2xx0.25x3.50+/4x0.52
.=5.68m 2
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Problem7:
ForagivenIsolatedfootingfind
1.volumeofconcrete
footingdimension:
Bottomdimension:L 1=0.85m;B 1=0.85m
2.AreaofShuttering
3.AreaofBitumenpaint
Solution:
C=0.35x0.35
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
Part1:
.=LxBxD
.=0.675x0.675x0.58
.=0.264m3
ThereforeAveragelength"L"=(L 1+L 2)/2
.=(0.85+0.50)/2
.=0.675m
ThereforeAverageBreadth"B"=(B 1+B2)/2
.=(0.85+0.50)/2
.=0.675m
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
Part2:
.=LxBxD
.=0.85x0.85x0.33
.=0.238m3
Totalvolumeofconcreteforthefooting=vol.ofpart1+vol.ofpart2
.=0.264+0.238
.=0.502m3
2.ShutteringArea=PeripheralLengthxDepth
Part1:
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(0.675+0.675)x2x0.58
.=1.566m2
Part2:
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(0.85+0.85)x2x0.33
.=1.122m2
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Totalshutteringareaforthefooting=area.ofpart1+areaofpart2
.=1.566+1.122
.=2.688m2
3.BitumenpaintArea=peripherallengthxDepth+topareaColumnArea
Part1:
.=(L+B)x2xD+LxBLxB(Columnarea)
.=(0.675+0.675)x2x0.58+0.50x0.500.35x0.35
.=1.693m2
BitumenpaintArea=peripherallengthxDepth
Part2:
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(0.85+0.85)x2x0.33
.=1.122m2
TotalBitumenpaintareaforthefooting=area.ofpart1+areaofpart2
.=1.693+1.122
.=2.815m2
Problem8:
ForagivenCombinedIsolatedfootingfind
1.volumeofconcrete
2.AreaofShuttering
3.AreaofBitumenpaint
footingdimension:
Bottomdimension:L 1=0.85m;B 1=0.85m
Topdimension:L 2=0.50m;B 2=0.50
DepthofFooting=0.91m
C1=0.35x0.35
C2=0.40x0.40
Solution:
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
Part1:
.=LxBxD
.=2.40x1.0x0.45
.=1.08m 3
ThereforeAveragelength"L"=(L 1+L 2)/2
.=(2.80+2.0)/2
.=2.40m
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ThereforeAverageBreadth"B"=(B 1+B2)/2
.=(1.20+0.80)/2
.=1.0m
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
Part2:
.=LxBxD
.=2.80x1.20x0.25
.=0.84m 3
Totalvolumeofconcreteforthefooting=vol.ofpart1+vol.ofpart2
.=1.08+0.84
.=1.92m3
2.ShutteringArea=PeripheralLengthxDepth
Part1:
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(2.40+1.0)x2x0.45
.=3.06m 2
Part2:
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(2.80+1.20)x2x0.25
.=2.0m 2
Totalshutteringareaforthefooting=area.ofpart1+areaofpart2
.=3.06+2.0
.=5.06m 2
3.BitumenpaintArea=peripherallengthxDepth+topareaColumnArea
Part1:
.=(L+B)x2xD+LxBLxB(Columnarea)
.=(2.40+1.0)x2x0.45+2.0x0.80(0.35x0.35+0.40x0.40)
2
.=4.3775m
BitumenpaintArea=peripherallengthxDepth
Part2:
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(2.80+1.20)x2x0.25
.=2.0m 2
TotalBitumenpaintareaforthefooting=area.ofpart1+areaofpart2
.=4.3775+2.0
.=6.3775m2
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ProblemsonColumns
Problem1:
ForagivenSquareColumnfind
1.volumeofconcrete
2.AreaofShuttering
3.AreaofBitumenpaint
Solution:
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
.=LxBxD
.=0.45x0.45x3.0
.=0.607m3
2.AreaofShuttering=PeripheralLengthxDepth
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(0.45+0.45)x2x3.0
.=5.40m 2
3.AreaofBitumenpaint=PeripheralLengthxDepth
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(0.45+0.45)x2x3.0
.=5.40m 2
Problem2:
ForagivenCircularColumnfind
1.volumeofconcrete
2.AreaofShuttering
3.AreaofBitumenpaint
Solution:
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
.=/4xd2xD
2
.=/4x0.6 x3.0
3
.=0.848m
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2.AreaofShuttering=PeripheralLengthxDepth
.=2xxrxD
.=2xx0.30x3.0
.=5.654m2
3.AreaofBitumenpaint=PeripheralLengthxDepth
.=2xxrxD
.=2xx0.30x3.0
.=5.654m2
Problem3:
ForagivenLtypeColumnfind
1.volumeofconcrete
2.AreaofShuttering
3.AreaofBitumenpaint
Solution:
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
.=0.18x3.0
.=0.54m 3
Tofindtheareaofcolumndivideareaintotwoparts
thereforearea1=0.55x0.20=
0.11
area2=0.20x0.35=
0.07
totalarea
0.18m2
2.ShutteringArea=PeripherallengthxDepth
.=2.20x3.0
.=6.60m 2
thereforePeripherallength=0.55+0.55+0.20+0.35+0.35+0.20
.=2.20m
3.AreaofBitumenpaint=PeripheralLengthxDepth
.=2.20x3.0
.=6.60m 2
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2.AreaofShuttering=PeripheralLengthxDepth
.=2xxrxD
.=2xx0.30x3.0
.=5.654m2
3.AreaofBitumenpaint=PeripheralLengthxDepth
.=2xxrxD
.=2xx0.30x3.0
.=5.654m2
Problem4:
ForagivenTtypeColumnfind
1.volumeofconcrete
2.AreaofShuttering
3.AreaofBitumenpaint
Solution:
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
.=0.23x3.0
.=0.69m 3
Tofindtheareaofcolumndivideareaintotwoparts
thereforearea1=0.60x0.25=
0.15
area2=0.20x0.40=
0.08
totalarea
0.23m2
2.ShutteringArea=PeripherallengthxDepth
.=2.50x3.0
.=7.50m 2
thereforePeripherallength=0.60+0.25+0.20+0.40+0.20+0.40+0.20+0.25
.=2.50m
3.AreaofBitumenpaint=PeripheralLengthxDepth
.=2.50x3.0
.=7.50m 2
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Problem5:
ForagivenarctypeColumnfind
1.volumeofconcrete
2.AreaofShuttering
3.AreaofBitumenpaint
Solution:
firstfindthearclengthandtofindthis,use
segmentalarclengthformula
arclength=(8B2r)/3
whereB=H2+r2
thereforewithcentrelinemethod
Heightofarc'H'=0.50m
Radiusofarc'r'=0.60m
B=0.502+0.602
B=0.781
arclength=(8B2r)/3
.=(8x0.7812x0.60)/3
.=1.682m
thereforeLengthofcolumn=1.682m;Breadthofcolumn=0.40mandDepthofcolumn=3.0m
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
.=LxBxD
.=1.682x0.40x3.0
3
.=2.018m
2.ShutteringArea=PeripherallengthxDepth
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(1.682+0.40)x2x3.0
.=12.492m2
3.AreaofBitumenpaint=PeripheralLengthxDepth
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(1.682+0.40)x2x3.0
.=12.492m2
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Problem6:
Foragiven'V'typeColumnfind
1.volumeofconcrete
2.AreaofShuttering
3.AreaofBitumenpaint
Solution:
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
.=0.285x3.0
.=0.855m3
Tofindtheareaofcolumndivideareaintotwoparts
thereforearea 1=LxB=0.475x0.30=
0.1425
area2=LxB=0.475x0.30=
0.1425
totalarea=
L1=0.55;L2=0.40andB=0.30
0.285m2
(i)area1
(ii)area2
2.ShutteringArea=PeripherallengthxDepth
.=2.50x3.0
.=7.50m 2
thereforePeripherallength=0.55+0.55+0.30+0.40+0.40+0.30
.=2.50m
3.AreaofBitumenpaint=PeripheralLengthxDepth
.=2.50x3.0
.=7.50m 2
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Problem7:
ForagivenHexagontypeColumnfind
1.volumeofconcrete
2.AreaofShuttering
3.AreaofBitumenpaint
Solution:
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
.=0.233x3.0
.=0.699m3
FormulatofindoutareaofHexagon=(0.50xrx0.50xrxTan60)x6
.=(0.50x0.30x0.50x0.30x1.732)x6
.=0.233m2
2.ShutteringArea=PeripherallengthxDepth
.=6xrxD
.=6x0.30x3.0
.=5.40m 2
thereforePeripherallength=6r
3.AreaofBitumenpaint=PeripheralLengthxDepth
.=6xrxD
.=6x0.30x3.0
.=5.40m 2
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Problem8:
Foragiven'Y'typeColumnfind
1.volumeofconcrete
2.AreaofShuttering
3.Areaofpaint
Solution:
1.VolumeofConcrete=frontareaofColumnxthicknessofColumn
.=0.96x0.30
.=0.288m3
TofindoutfrontareaofColumn,dividefrontareaofcolumnintothreeparts
Areaofpart1(triangleshape)
.=1/2xbxh
.=0.50x0.35x0.60
.=0.105m2
Areaofpart2(triangleshape)
.=1/2xbxh
.=0.50x0.35x0.60
.=0.105m2
Areaofpart3(rectangleshape)
.=LxB
.=0.30x2.50
.=0.75m 2
TotalFrontareaofColumn=0.105+0.105+0.75
2
.=0.96m
2.ShutteringArea=frontareaofcolumn+backareaofcolumn+sideareaofcolumn+sideareaofcolumn
.=0.96+0.96+0.778+0.778
.=3.476m2
thereforesideareacanbefindoutbydividingthesideareaintotwoparts:
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part1:
sideareaforpart1=LxB
.=0.30x1.90
.=0.57m 2
part2:
sideareaforpart2=LxB
.=0.30x0.694
.=0.208m2
accordingtoPythagorastheorem:
2
2
inclinedlength=c= (a +b )
2
2
.=(0.35 +0.60 )
.=0.694m
Hencetotalsidearea=A 1+A2
.=0.57+0.208
2
.=0.778m
3.Areaofpaint=AreaofShuttering
2
.=3.476m
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Problem9:
Foragiven'Y'typeColumnwitharchfind
1.volumeofconcrete
2.AreaofShuttering
3.Areaofpaint
Solution:
1.VolumeofConcrete=FrontAreaxthicknessofColumn
.=1.69x0.40
.=0.676m3
TofindoutfrontareaofColumn,dividefrontareaofcolumnintothreeparts
1.areaofSquare=LxB=0.80x0.80
.=0.64m 2
2.areaofCircle=/4xd
.=/4x0.8 2
.=0.502m2
Deductionofcircleareafromsquarearea
Areaforfourpanels
Areaofeachpanel
.=0.640.502
2
.=0.138m
.=0.138/4
.=0.345m2
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Frontareaofcolumn:
2
1.Part1=0.345m
2.Part2=0.345m 2
3.Part3=LxB=0.40x2.50=1.0m 2
totalarea=0.345+0.345+1.0=1.69m 2
2.ShutteringArea=frontareaofcolumn+backareaofcolumn+sideareaofcolumn+sideareaofcolumn
.=1.69+1.696+1.091+1.091
.=5.562m2
thereforesideareacanbefindoutbydividingthesideareaintotwoparts:
part1:
sideareaforpart1=LxB
.=0.40x2.10
.=0.84m 2
part2:
sideareaforpart2=LxB
.=0.40x0.628
.=0.251m2
Formulatofindoutarclengthforquartercircle:
arclength=2xxrx1/4
.=2xx0.40x0.25
.=0.628m
Hencetotalsidearea=A 1+A2
.=0.84+0.251
2
.=1.091m
3.Areaofpaint=AreaofShuttering
.=5.562m2
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Problem10:
ForagivenRoofframefindvolumeofconcrete&areaofshutteringfor
1.Columns
2.DropBeams
3.RoofSlabs
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(i)SolutionforColumns:
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepthxno.ofColumns
.=LxBxDxno.s
Column1 .=0.40x0.40x3.15x2=1.008m 3
Column2 .=0.50x0.45x3.15x2=1.417m 3
3
Column3 .=0.45x0.60x3.15x2=1.701m
TotalvolumeofconcreterequiredforFloorcolumns=4.126m 3
2.ShutteringArea=PeripherallengthxDepthxno.ofColumns
.=(L+B)x2xDxno.s
Column1 .=(0.40+0.40)x2x3.0x2=9.60m 2
Column2 .=(0.50+0.45)x2x3.0x2=11.40m 2
Column3 .=(0.45+0.60)x2x3.0x2=12.60m 2
TotalshutteringarearequiredforFloorColumns=33.60m 3
Note:whilecalculatingshutteringareaforColumns,HeightofcolumnshouldbetakenuptoCeilingHeight,excluding
Slabthickness.
(ii)SolutionforDropBeams:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
1.VolumeofConcreteforDropbeam=AreaxLengthxno.ofbeams
.=LxBxD
DropbeamonaxisAbetweenaxis1andaxis2
.=4.50x0.40x0.50=0.90m 3
DropbeamonaxisAbetweenaxis2andaxis3
.=4.00x0.45x0.50=0.90m 3
DropbeamonaxisBbetweenaxis1andaxis2
.=4.50x0.50x0.50=1.125m 3
DropbeamonaxisBbetweenaxis2andaxis3
.=4.00x0.55x0.60=1.32m 3
Dropbeamonaxis1betweenaxisAandaxisB
.=4.10x0.40x0.50=0.82m 3
Dropbeamonaxis2betweenaxisAandaxisB
.=4.10x0.50x0.50=1.025m 3
Dropbeamonaxis3betweenaxisAandaxisB
.=4.05x0.60x0.65=1.579m 3
TotalvolumeofConcreteforDropbeams=7.669m 3
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2.ShutteringAreaforDropbeams=Frontarea+backarea+bottomarea
.=LxD+LxD+LxB
Note:
(i)forfindingoutshutteringareaforDropbeam,forinternalbeams,slabthicknessistobededucted
frombothsideofbeams,i.e.externalandinternalface.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Calculations:
DropbeamonaxisAbetweenaxis1andaxis2
.=4.50x0.50+4.50x0.35+4.5x0.40=5.625m 2
Note:forexternalDropbeamsSlabthicknesshastobedeductedfromdepthofbeamfrominternalfaceofbeams
2
DropbeamonaxisAbetweenaxis2andaxis3
.=4.0x0.50+4.0x0.35+4.0x0.45=5.20m
2
DropbeamonaxisBbetweenaxis1andaxis2
.=4.50x0.5+4.50x0.35+4.50x0.50=6.075m
DropbeamonaxisBbetweenaxis2andaxis3
.=4.00x0.60+4.0x0.45+4.0x0.55=6.40m 2
Dropbeamonaxis1betweenaxisAandaxisB
.=4.10x0.50+4.10x0.35+4.10x0.40=5.125m 2
Dropbeamonaxis2betweenaxisAandaxisB
.=4.10x0.35+4.10x0.35+4.10x0.50=4.92m 2
Note:forinternalDropbeamsSlabthicknesshastobedeductedfromdepthofbeamfrombothsideofbeams
Dropbeamonaxis3betweenaxisAandaxisB
.=4.05x0.65+4.05x0.50+4.05x0.60=7.0875m 2
TotalShutteringareaforDropbeams=40.432m 2
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(ii)SolutionforRoofSlab:
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
.=LxBxD
Slab1(S1)
.=4.50x4.10x0.15=2.76m 3
Slab2(S2)
.=4.0x4.05x0.15=2.43m 3
3
TotalVolume=5.19m
2.ShutteringArea=BottomareaofSlab
.=LxB
Slab1(S1)
.=4.50x4.10=18.45m 2
Slab2(S2)
.=4.00x4.05=16.20m 2
DOMESLABCALCULATION
Problem11:
ForagivenRoofframefindvolumeofconcrete&areaofshutteringfor
1.RoofSlab
2.DomeSlabs
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(A)SolutionforRoofSlab:
ConeDetails
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepthxno.ofSlabs
.=LxBxDxno.s
.=12.50x10.80x0.20x1=27.0m 3
DeductionofDomearea
(i)Dome1=AreaxDepth
2
.=/4xd xD
2
.=/4x2.80 x0.20
3
.=1.231m
(ii)Dome2=AreaxDepth
2
.=/4xd xD
2
.=/4x1.80 x0.20
3
.=0.508m
(iii)Dome3=AreaxDepth
2
.=/4xd xD
.=/4x1.602x0.20
.=0.402m3
Cylinderdetails
Totalvolumeofconcreterequired=27.01.2310.5080.402
.=24.859m3
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2.Shutteringarea=(Bottomareaoffloorslab+peripherallengthofDome1xDepth+peripherallengthofDome2x
Depth+peripherallengthofDome3xDepth)
.=LxB+2xxr 1xD+2xxr 2xD+2xxr 3xD
.=12.50x10.80+2xx1.40x0.20+2xx0.90x0.20+2xx0.80x0.20
2
.=138.89m
DeductionofDomearea
(i)Dome1=BottomAreaofDome1
.=/4xd2
.=/4x2.802
.=6.157m2
(iii)Dome3=BottomAreaofDome3
2
.=/4xd
.=/4x1.602
.=2.01m 2
(ii)Dome2=BottomAreaofDome2
2
.=/4xd
.=/4x1.802
.=2.544m2
Totalshutteringarearequired=138.896.1572.5442.01
.=128.176m2
(B)SolutionforDomeSlabs:
Dome1:
semicirclelength=2 rx1/2
.=2xx1.40x0.5
.=4.398m
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
.=/4xd2xD
2
.=/4x4.398 x0.15
3
.=2.278m
2.Shutteringarea=bottomareaofdome
2
.=/4xd
2
.=/4x4.398
2
.=15.191m
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Dome2:
semicirclelength=2 rx1/2
.=2xx0.90x0.5
.=2.827m
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
.=/4xd2xD
.=/4x2.8272x0.15
.=0.941m3
Dome3:
2.Shutteringarea=bottomareaofdome
.=/4xd2
.=/4x2.8272
.=6.276m2
Segmentalarclength=(8B2R)/3
whereB=R2+H2
thereforeD=1.60m;R=0.80m;H=0.60m
2
2
B=R +H
B=0.802+0.602
B=1.0
Arclength'L'=(8x1.02x0.80)/3
.=2.133m
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1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
2
.=/4xd xD
.=/4x2.1332x0.15
.=0.535m3
2.Shutteringarea=bottomareaofdome
.=/4xd2
.=/4x2.1332
.=3.573m2
(B)SolutionforMinaret:
Cylinder:
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
2
.=/4xd xD
2
.=/4x0.50 x3.50
3
.=0.687m
2.ShutteringArea=Peripherallengthxdepth
.=2xxrxD
.=2xx0.25x3.5
.=5.497m2
Cone:
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepthx1/3
2
.=/4xd xDx1/3
2
.=/4x0.70 x1.20x1/3
3
.=0.153m
2.ShutteringArea=Peripherallengthxdepthx1/3
.=2xxrxDx1/3
.=2xx0.35x1.20x1/3
.=0.879m2
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CalculationfortheQuantitiesofRoofSlabwithDomeSlab
item
no.s
length breadth
depth Volumeof areaof
in
in
in
Concrete shutter
metre
metre
metre
inm3
inm2
S.no
Description
FloorSlab
12.500
10.800
0.200
27.000
138.896
Deductionofarea
Dome1
Dome2
Dome3
DM1
DM2
DM3
1
1
1
=
=
=
2.800
1.800
1.600
0.200
0.200
0.200
1.232
0.509
0.402
6.158
2.545
2.011
Dome1
Dome2
Dome3
DM1
DM2
DM3
1
1
1
=
=
=
4.398
2.827
2.133
0.150
0.150
0.150
2.279
0.942
0.536
15.191
6.277
3.573
Minaret
Cylinder
Cone
cyl
cne
1
1
=
=
0.500
0.700
3.500
1.200
0.687
0.154
5.498
0.880
Total
29.455
159.602
Remarks
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88
HARDYSLABCALCULATION
Problem12:
ForagivendrawingofHardySlabfind
1.VolumeofConcrete
2.AreaofShuttering
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89
(A)SolutionforHardySlab:
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
.=LxBxD
.=4.90x5.0x0.27=6.615m 3
DeductionfortheHardyBricks:
VolumeofHardyBrick=LxBxDxno.ofBricks
.=0.40x0.20x0.20x28
.=0.448m3
TotalVolumeofConcreterequired=6.6150.448
3
`
.=6.167m
2.ShutteringArea=BottomareaofSlab
.=LxB
.=4.90x5.0
.=24.50m2
PICTURESHOWINGDETAILSOFHARDYSLAB&HARDYBRICKSPLACEDONSHUTTERING
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90
WAFFLESLABCALCULATION
Problem13:
ForagivendrawingofWaffleSlabfind
1.VolumeofConcrete
2.AreaofShuttering
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(A)SolutionforWaffleSlab:
1.VolumeofConcrete=AreaxDepth
.=LxBxD
.=5.20x5.80x0.27=8.143m 3
DeductionfortheWaffleCone:
VolumeofWaffleCone=LxBxDxno.ofCones
.=0.30x0.30x0.20x25
.=0.45m 3
TotalVolumeofConcreterequired=8.14320.45
`
.=7.6932m3
L1=0.20;B1=0.20
L2=0.40:B2=0.40
AverageLength=(L1+L2)/2
.=(0.20+0.40)/2
.=0.30m
AverageBreadth=(B1+B2)/2
.=(0.20+0.40)/2
.=0.30m
2.ShutteringArea=BottomareaofSlab
.=LxB
.=5.20x5.80
.=30.16m2
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92
PITCHROOFCALCULATION
Problem14:
ForagivendrawingofPitchRooffind
1.VolumeofConcrete
2.AreaofShuttering
c=(3.02+1.02)
c=3.162m(inclinedlength)
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(A)SolutionforPitchRoof:
1.VolumeofConcreteforeachpanel=Areaxthicknessofslab
.=(a/4)x(4b2a2)xt
2
2
.=(3/4)x(4x3.162 3.0 )x0.15
.=4.175x0.15
.=0.626m3
no.ofpanels=6
totalVolumeofConcreterequired=0.626x6=3.756m 3
2.ShutteringArea=Peripherallengthxthicknessofslab+BottomareaofSlab
.=6Rxt+slabarea
.=6x3.0x0.15+25.05
.=27.75m2
areaofeachpanel=(a/4)x (4b2a2)
2
2
.=(3/4)x(4x3.162 3.0 )
2
.=4.175m
no.ofpanels=6
2
totalarea=6x4.175=25.05m
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94
SEMIROUNDSTAIRCASECALCULATION
Problem15:
ForagivendrawingofSemiroundStaircasefind
1.VolumeofConcrete
2.AreaofShuttering
Heightofriser=0.15m
Tread=
RadiusofwaistSlab=3.50m
HeightofCeiling=HeightofRiserxNo.ofRiser
.=0.15x24
.=3.60m
WaistSlabthickness=0.15m
WidthofWaistSlab=1.30m
no.ofStep=24
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(A)Solutionforstaircase:
Tofindoutsemicirclelengththeformula=2x xrx0.50
thereforeradiusofwaistslab'r'=3.50m
.=2xx3.5x0.50
.=10.99m(linearlength)
Inclinedlength= (10.992+3.602)
C
.=11.56m
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1.WaistSlab:
(a)VolumeofConcreteforwaistslab
(b)ShutteringAreaforwaistslab
.=Areaxthickness
.=LxBxD
.=11.56x1.30x0.15
.=2.254m3
.=LxDx2+BxD+LxB
.=11.56x0.15x2+1.30x0.15+11.56x1.30
.=18.691m2
2.Steps:
lengthofstep=1.30m
widthoftread=0.30mononesideand0.40monotherside
Averagewidthofriser=(0.30+0.40)/2
B .=0.35m
HeightofRiser=0.15m
(a)VolumeofConcreteforStep
.=Areaxlengthofstepxno.ofsteps
.=1/2xbxhxLxno.ofsteps
.=0.50x0.35x0.15x24
.=0.63m 3
(b)ShutteringareaforStep
.=(1/2xBxHx2+LxD)xno.s
.=(0.50x0.35x0.15x2+1.30x0.15)x24
.=5.94m 2
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3.HandRail:
therefore L=11.56m
B=0.10m
D=0.80m
no.s=2
(a)VolumeofConcreteforHandRail
.=areaxdepthxno.ofHandrails
.=LxBxDxno.s
.=11.56x0.10xx0.80x2
.=1.849m3
(b)ShutteringareaforHandRail
.=(L+B)x2xDxno.s
.=(11.56+0.10)x2x0.80x2
.=37.312m2
(i)
TotalConcreteforstaircase
.=2.254+0.63+1.849
3
.=4.733m
(ii)
TotalShutteringareaforstaircase
.=18.691+5.94+37.312
2
.=61.943m
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98
LIFTPITCALCULATION
Problem15:
ForagivendrawingofLiftPitfind
1.VolumeofConcrete
2.AreaofShuttering
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(A)SolutionforLiftPit:
1.PlainCementConcreteBed:
L=2.30m;B=2.0m;T=0.10m
(a)VolumeofConcreteforp.c.cbed
.=areaxthicknessofp.c.cbed
.=LxBxD
.=2.30x2.0x0.10
.=0.46m 3
(b)Shutteringareaforp.c.cbed
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(2.30+2.0)x2x0.10
.=0.86m 2
2.Bottomslab:
L=2.10m;B=1.80m;T=0.20m
(a)VolumeofConcreteforBottomslab
.=areaxthicknessofbottomslab
.=LxBxD
.=2.10x1.80x0.20
.=0.756m3
(b)ShutteringareaforBottomslab
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(2.10+1.80)x2x0.20
.=1.56m 2
3.ShearwallalongHorizontalplane:
L=2.10m;B=0.20m;H=1.20m
(a)VolumeofConcreteforShearwall
.=areaxdepthxno.ofwalls
.=LxBxDxno.s
.=2.10x0.20x1.20x2
.=1.008m3
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(b)ShutteringareaforShearwall
.=LxDx2xno.s
.=2.10x1.20x2x2
.=10.08m2
4.Shearwallalongverticalplane:
L=1.40m;B=0.20m;H=1.20m
(a)VolumeofConcreteforShearwall
.=areaxdepthxno.ofwalls
.=LxBxDxno.s
.=1.40x0.20x1.20x2
.=0.672m3
(b)ShutteringareaforShearwall
.=LxDx2xno.s
.=1.40x1.20x2x2
.=6.72m2
5.Platforms:
L=0.40m;B=0.40m;H=0.50m
(i)
(ii)
(a)VolumeofConcreteforPlatform
.=areaxdepthxno.ofplatforms
.=LxBxDxno.s
.=0.40x0.40x0.50x2
.=0.16m 3
(b)ShutteringareaforPlatform
.=(L+B)x2xDxno.s
.=(0.40+0.40)x20.50x2
.=1.60m 2
TotalVolumeofConcreteforLiftPit
TotalShutteringareaforLiftPit
.=0.46+0.756+1.008+0.672+0.16=3.056m 3
.=0.86+1.56+10.08+6.72+1.60=20.82m 2
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RAMPCALCULATION
Problem15:
ForagivendrawingofRampfind
1.VolumeofConcrete
2.AreaofShuttering
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(A)SolutionforRamp:
1.Rampatentrance:
L=10.547m;B=4.0m;T=0.20m
c=(a2+b2)
2
2
c=(9.80 +3.90 )
c=10.547m
(a)VolumeofConcreteforRamp
.=areaxthicknessofRamp
.=LxBxD
.=10.547x4.0x0.20
.=8.437m3
(b)Shutteringareaforp.c.cbed
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(10.547+4.0)x2x0.20
.=5.81m 2
2.Rampatexit:
L=10.547m;B=4.20m;T=0.20m
c=(a2+b2)
2
2
c=(9.80 +3.90 )
c=10.547m
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(a)VolumeofConcreteforRamp
.=areaxthicknessofRamp
.=LxBxD
.=10.547x4.20x0.20
.=8.859m3
(b)Shutteringareaforp.c.cbed
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(10.547+4.20)x2x0.20
.=5.89m 2
(i)
TotalConcreteforbothRamps=8.437+8.859=17.296m 3
(ii)
TotalShutteringareaforbothRamps=5.81+5.89=11.70m 3
STANDARDDATAINMETRICSYSTEM
1 Cement:MortarRequiredforBrickwork/m 3
2 Cement:MortarRequiredforPlastering/m 3
3 ConcreteMixDesignwithdifferentproportion&ratios/m 3
(a)
Cement:MortarrequiredforBrickWork(for1m 3ofBrickwork)
Proportionorratio Sandin Cement Cement Cement
S.no
inm3
inKgs
inBags
inm3
.1:3
1
0.20
96.00
1.920
0.066
.1:4
2
0.20
72.00
1.440
0.050
.1:5
3
0.20
57.60
1.152
0.040
.1:6
4
0.20
48.00
0.960
0.033
.1:7
5
0.20
41.14
0.822
0.028
.1:8
6
0.20
36.00
0.720
0.025
3
Cementinm :
1440kgs=1m3
96.0kgs=?m 3
96.0/1440
3
.=0.066m
For1m3ofC:MSand=0.20m 3Constantforallproportion
3
For1m ofC:MCementinkgs=(0.20x1440)/lastdigitofratioorproportion
.=0.20x1440/3
.=96.0kgs
thereforeeachbagofcement=50kgs
CementinBags
.=96.0/50
.=1.92bags
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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
(b)
StandardWeight&Density
WeightofCementinkgs/m 3
.=1440kgs
WeightofeachCementBag
.=50kgs
3
No.ofCementbags/m
.=1440/50
.=28.80orapproximatelyequalto29bags
3
WeightofSand/m
.=1600kgsto1750kgs.Sandweightvariesdependingonconditioni.e.DryorMoisturizing
3
.=2400kgs
WeightofAggregate/m
3
.=1000kgs
WeightofWater/m
WeightofWater/litre
.=1kg
DensityofConcrete/m 3
.=2400kgs
3
.=7850kgs
DensityofSteel/m
3
3
DensityofBrick
.=1.92grms/cm (Normalclay)or2.42grms/cm (FineClay)
3
.=2500kgsto2800kgs(R.C.C)
WeightofConcrete/m
M15=1:2:4
WhereM15=GradeofConcrete
1ton=1000kgs
M=MixDesign
1quintal=100kgs
15=CompressiveStrengthofConcrete
1kg=1000grms
1=1bagofCement
2=2bagsofSand
4=4bagsofAggregate
Cement:MortarrequiredforPlastering(for1m 3ofC:MforPlastering)
S.no
Cementinm3:
Proportionorratio Sandin Cement Cement Cement
inm3
inKgs
inBags
inm3
.1:3
1
1.25
600.00
12.0
0.417
.1:4
2
1.25
450.00
9.0
0.313
.1:5
3
1.25
360.00
7.2
0.250
4
.1:6
1.25
300.00
6.0
0.208
.1:7
5
1.25
257.14
5.143
0.179
.1:8
6
1.25
225.00
4.5
0.156
1440kgs=1m3
600.0kgs=?m3
600.0/1440
3
.=0.4166m
For1m3ofC:MSand=1.25m 3Constantforallproportion
3
For1m ofC:MCementinkgs=(1.25x1440)/lastdigitofratioorproportion
.=1.25x1440/3
.=600.0kgs
thereforeeachbagofcement=50kgs
CementinBags
.=600/50 .=12bags
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GeneralPractice:
Plasteringisdoneintwocoatsi.e.1 stcoat&2 ndcoat
st
1 coatiscalledasRoughCoatwithCement:Mortarratio1:6
nd
2 CoatiscalledasFinishCoatwithCement:Mortarratio1:3
TotalthicknessofPlastershouldbeconsideras20mmor2cmor0.02m
thicknessfor1stcoatofplaster
.=12mm
nd
.=8mm
thicknessfor2 coatofplaster
totalthickness
.=20mm
(c)
Cement,Sand&AggregaterequiredfordifferentGradesofConcrete/m 3
S.no
Gradeof Ratioof
Sandin Aggregate Cement Cement Cement Cementinm3:
3
3
3
Concrete Concrete
inm
inm
inKgs
inBags
inm
M7.5
1
.1:4:8
0.46
0.92
165.6
3.312 0.115
2
M10
.1:2:4
0.46
0.92
331.2
6.624
0.23
M15
.1:1.5:3
0.46
0.92
441.6
8.832
0.307
M20
.1:1:2
0.46
0.92
662.4
13.248
0.46
M25
.1:0.75:1.5
0.46
0.92
883.2
17.664
0.613
M30
.1:0.5:1
0.46
0.92
1324.8
26.496
0.92
M40
.1:0.25:0.5
0.46
0.92
2649.6
52.992
1.84
7
3
1440kgs=1m
3
165.60kgs=?m
165.60/1440
.=0.115m3
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BrickWorkCalculations&problems
A.
IndianRedBrick
SizeofBrick
.=9"x4"x3"
.=0.2286mx0.10mx0.0762m
VolumeofeachBrick=0.001741m 3
no.ofbricks/m
.=totalVolumeofbrickwork
VolumeofeachBrick
.=1/0.001741
.=574.38orapproximatelyequalto575bricks
B.
OverseasBricks
SizeofeachBrick
.=0.40mx0.20mx0.20m
VolumeofeachBrick=0.016m 3
no.ofbricks/m 3
.=totalVolumeofbrickwork
VolumeofeachBrick
.=1/0.016
.=62.50orapproximatelyequalto63bricks
Problem1:
Foranareaof160m 2withwallthickness10cmfind
(i)No.ofbricks
(ii)C:MrequiredforBrickworkwithratio1:6
Solution
1.volumeofbrickwork=Areaxthickness
.=160x0.10
.=16m 3
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2.No.ofbricks=t otalvolumeofbrickwork
Volumeofeachbrick
.=16/0.001741
.=9190.12orapproximatelyequalto9191bricks
3.C:MrequiredforBrickwork:
(i)Sand=1m 3=0.20m 3
3
3
16m =?m
.=16x0.20
3
.=3.20m
(ii)Cement=1m 3=(0.20x1440)/6
3
.=48kgs
1m
3
.=?m 3
16m
.=16x48
.=768kgs
no.ofCementbags=768/50
.=15.36orapproximatelyequalto16bags
Problem2:
Foranareaof1800ft 2withwallthickness20cmfind
(i)No.ofbricks
(ii)C:MrequiredforBrickworkwithratio1:5
Solution
1.volumeofbrickwork=Areaxthickness
.=167.311x0.20
3
.=33.462m
1800ft2=?m 2
therefore1m=3.28ft
.=1800/3.282
.=167.311m2
2.No.ofbricks=t otalvolumeofbrickwork
Volumeofeachbrick
.=33.462/0.001741
.=19219.98orapproximatelyequalto19220bricks
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3.C:MrequiredforBrickwork:
3
3
(i)Sand=1m =0.20m
3
33.462m =?m 3
.=33.462x0.20
3
.=6.692m
(ii)Cement=1m 3=(0.20x1440)/5
3
.=57.6kgs
1m
3
3
33.462m .=?m
.=33.462x57.60
.=1927.41kgs
no.ofCementbags=1927.41/50
.=38.548orapproximatelyequalto39bags
Problem3:
Foragivenplanfind
(i)No.ofbricks
(ii)C:MrequiredforBrickworkwithratio1:5
D=1.0X2.10
HeightofCeiling=3.0m
Solution
Lengthofwall='L'=5.40x2+4.0x2=18.80m
L=18.80m
B=0.20m
D=3.0m
1
volumeofbrickwork=Areaxthickness
.=18.80x0.20x3.0
.=11.28m3
DeductionofDoor=LxBxD=1.0x2.10x0.20=0.42m 3
DeductionofDoorLintel=LxBxD=1.20x0.10x0.20=0.024m 3
Note:
BreadthofLintel=thicknessofwall=0.20m
forLintelDimension10cmbearingshouldbeaddedoneachsideoflengthofDoorandHeightoflintel=0.10m
TotalVolumeofbrickworkafterdeductions=11.280.420.024=10.836m 3
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No.ofbricks=t otalvolumeofbrickwork
Volumeofeachbrick
.=10.836/0.001741
.=6224.009orapproximatelyequalto6225bricks
C:MrequiredforBrickwork:
(i)Sand=1m 3=0.20m 3
3
3
10.836m =?m
.=10.836x0.20
3
.=2.167m
(ii)Cement=1m 3=(0.20x1440)/5
3
.=57.6kgs
1m
3
3
10.836m .=?m
.=10.836x57.60
.=624.153kgs
no.ofCementbags=624.153/50
.=12.48orapproximatelyequalto13bags
Problem4:
Foragivenplanfind
(i)No.ofbricks
(ii)C:MrequiredforBrickworkwithratio1:6
D=1.0X2.10
HeightofCeiling=3.0m
Solution:
(i)
forExternalwallor20cmwall
Lengthofwall='L'=10.40x2+4.0x2=28.80m
L=28.80m
B=0.20m
D=3.0m
volumeofbrickworkfor20cmwall=Areaxthickness
.=LxBxD
.=28.80x0.20x3.0
3
.=17.28m
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110
(ii)
forinternalwallor10cmwall
Lengthofwall='L'=4.0m
L=4.0m
B=0.10m
D=3.0m
volumeofbrickworkfor10cmwall=Areaxthickness
.=LxBxD
.=4.0x0.10x3.0
.=1.20m 3
(iii)
TotalVolumeofBrickwork
.=17.28+1.20=18.48m
DeductionofDoor=LxBxDxno.s=1.0x2.10x0.20x1=0.42m 3
DeductionofDoor=LxBxDxno.s=1.0x2.10x0.10x1=0.21m 3
DeductionofDoorLintel=LxBxDxno.s=1.20x0.10x0.20x1=0.024m 3
3
DeductionofDoorLintel=LxBxDxno.s=1.20x0.10x0.10x1=0.012m
Note:
BreadthofLintel=thicknessofwall=0.20m
forLintelDimension10cmbearingshouldbeaddedoneachsideoflengthofDoorandHeightoflintel=0.10m
TotalVolumeofbrickworkafterdeductions=18.480.420.210.0240.012=17.814m 3
(iv)
No.ofbricks=t otalvolumeofbrickwork
Volumeofeachbrick
.=17.814/0.001741
.=10232.05orapproximatelyequalto10233bricks
(v)
C:MrequiredforBrickwork:
(i)Sand=1m 3=0.20m 3
17.814m 3=?m 3
.=17.814x0.20
3
.=3.562m
(ii)Cement=1m 3=(0.20x1440)/6
3
.=48kgs
1m
17.814m3 .=?m 3
.=17.814x48
.=855.072kgs
no.ofCementbags=855.072/50
.=17.101orapproximatelyequalto18bags
ALMadinaInstituteofQuantitySurvey
Headoffice:officeno.17,Groundfloor,TirumalaTower,Malakpet,Hyderabad.
Phoneno.:+914066710031;+919550259317;website:www.quantitysurveyindia.com
111
PlasteringCalculations&problems
Problem1:
Foranareaof120m 2findC:Mrequiredforplastering
(i)1stcoatwithc:mratio1:6
(ii)2ndcoatwithc:mration1:3
(i)
Solution
1stcoatofplaster:
thicknessofplaster=12mmor0.012m
volumeofC:MforPlastering=Areaofplasterxthicknessofplaster
.=120x0.012
.=1.44m 3
Cement:Mortarrequiredforplastering:
a.Sand:
1m3=1.25m 3
3
3
1.44m =?m
.=1.44x1.25
3
.=1.80m
(ii)
C:M=1:6
b.Cement:
1m3=(1.25x1440)/6
1m3=300kgs
3
1.44m =?Kgs
.=1.44x300
.=432.0kgs
no.ofcementbags=432/50=8.64or9bags
2ndcoatofplaster:
thicknessofplaster=8mmor0.008m
C:M=1:3
volumeofC:MforPlastering=Areaofplasterxthicknessofplaster
.=120x0.008
.=0.96m 3
Cement:Mortarrequiredforplastering:
a.Sand:
b.Cement:
3
3
1m =1.25m
1m3=(1.25x1440)/3
3
3
1m3=600kgs
0.96m =?m
3
.=0.96x1.25
0.96m =?Kgs
3
.=0.96x600
.=1.20m
.=576.0kgs
no.ofcementbags=576/50=11.52or12bags
3
totalSandrequired=1.80+1.20=3.0m
TotalCementrequired=9+12=21bags
ALMadinaInstituteofQuantitySurvey
Headoffice:officeno.17,Groundfloor,TirumalaTower,Malakpet,Hyderabad.
Phoneno.:+914066710031;+919550259317;website:www.quantitysurveyindia.com
112
Problem2:
Foranareaof2400SftfindC:Mrequiredforplastering
(i)1stcoatwithc:mratio1:5
(ii)2ndcoatwithc:mration1:3
(i)
Solution
1stcoatofplaster:
thicknessofplaster=12mmor0.012m
volumeofC:MforPlastering=Areaofplasterxthicknessofplaster
.=223.08x0.012
3
.=2.676m
Cement:Mortarrequiredforplastering:
a.Sand:
1m3=1.25m 3
3
3
2.676m =?m
.=2.676x1.25
3
.=3.345m
(ii)
2400ft =?m
1m=3.28ft
2
.=2400/3.28
.=223.08m2
b.Cement:
1m3=(1.25x1440)/5
1m3=360kgs
3
2.676m =?Kgs
.=2.676x360
.=963.36kgs
no.ofcementbags=963.36/50=19.267or20bags
2ndcoatofplaster:
thicknessofplaster=8mmor0.008m
volumeofC:MforPlastering=Areaofplasterxthicknessofplaster
.=223.08x0.008
.=1.784m3
Cement:Mortarrequiredforplastering:
a.Sand:
1m3=1.25m 3
3
3
1.784m =?m
.=1.784x1.25
3
.=2.23m
C:M=1:5
C:M=1:3
b.Cement:
1m3=(1.25x1440)/3
1m3=600kgs
3
1.784m =?Kgs
.=1.784x600
.=1070.40kgs
no.ofcementbags=1070.40/50=21.40or22bags
totalSandrequired=3.345+2.23=5.575m 3
TotalCementrequired=20+22=42bags
ALMadinaInstituteofQuantitySurvey
Headoffice:officeno.17,Groundfloor,TirumalaTower,Malakpet,Hyderabad.
Phoneno.:+914066710031;+919550259317;website:www.quantitysurveyindia.com
113
Problem3:
a
b
a.
(i)
(ii)
Foragivenplanfind
Areaofplasteringexcludingceilingarea
C:Mrequiredforplastering
(i)1stcoatwithc:mratio1:5
(ii)2ndcoatwithc:mration1:3
(iii)Ceilingheight=3.0m
(iv)Slabthickness=0.15m
(v)Door'D'=1.0x2.10
Solution
Areaofplastering:
InternalPlasterarea=PeripheralLengthxDepth
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(5.0+4.0)x2x3.0
.=54.0m 2
Deductionofdoorarea=LxD=1.0x2.10=2.10
2
totalinternalplasterarea=54.02.10=51.90m
ExternalPlasterarea=PeripheralLengthxDepth
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(5.4+4.4)x2x3.15
.=61.74m2
Deductionofdoorarea=LxD=1.0x2.10=2.10
2
totalexternalplasterarea=61.742.10=59.64m
Note:whilefindingexternalplasterarea,Slabthicknesshas
tobeaddedwithCeilingheight
(iii)
TotalPlasterarea=51.90+59.64=111.54m 2
b.
C:Mrequiredforplastering:
(i)
1stcoatofplaster:
thicknessofplaster=12mmor0.012m
volumeofC:MforPlastering=Areaofplasterxthicknessofplaster
.=111.54x0.012
.=1.338m3
C:M=1:5
ALMadinaInstituteofQuantitySurvey
Headoffice:officeno.17,Groundfloor,TirumalaTower,Malakpet,Hyderabad.
Phoneno.:+914066710031;+919550259317;website:www.quantitysurveyindia.com
114
Cement:Mortarrequiredforplastering:
a.Sand:
1m3=1.25m 3
3
3
1.338m =?m
.=1.338x1.25
3
.=1.672m
(ii)
b.Cement:
1m3=(1.25x1440)/5
1m3=360kgs
3
1.338m =?Kgs
.=1.338x360
.=481.68kgs
no.ofcementbags=481.68/50=9.633or10bags
2ndcoatofplaster:
thicknessofplaster=8mmor0.008m
volumeofC:MforPlastering=Areaofplasterxthicknessofplaster
.=111.54x0.008
.=0.892m3
Cement:Mortarrequiredforplastering:
a.Sand:
1m3=1.25m 3
3
3
0.892m =?m
.=0.892x1.25
3
.=1.115m
C:M=1:3
b.Cement:
1m3=(1.25x1440)/3
1m3=600kgs
3
0.892m =?Kgs
.=0.892x600
.=535.20kgs
no.ofcementbags=535.20/50=10.704or11bags
totalSandrequired=1.672+1.115=2.787m 3
TotalCementrequired=10+11=21bags
ALMadinaInstituteofQuantitySurvey
Headoffice:officeno.17,Groundfloor,TirumalaTower,Malakpet,Hyderabad.
Phoneno.:+914066710031;+919550259317;website:www.quantitysurveyindia.com
115
Problem4:
a
b
a.
(i)
Foragivenplanfind
Areaofplasteringexcludingceilingarea
C:Mrequiredforplastering
(i)1stcoatwithc:mratio1:5
(ii)2ndcoatwithc:mration1:3
(iii)Ceilingheight=3.0m
(iv)Slabthickness=0.15m
(v)Door'D'=1.0x2.10
Solution
Areaofplastering:
InternalPlasterarea=PeripheralLengthxDepth
Room1
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(5.0+4.0)x2x3.0
.=54.0m 2
Room2
(ii)
(iii)
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(4.90+4.0)x2x3.0
.=53.40m2
ExternalPlasterarea=PeripheralLengthxDepth
Note:whilefindingexternalplasterarea,Slabthicknesshas
.=(L+B)x2xD
tobeaddedwithCeilingheight
.=(10.4+4.4)x2x3.15
.=93.24m2
Deductionofdoorarea=LxDxno.s=1.0x2.10x4=8.40m 2
Doorareahastobedeductedfrombothsidei.e.frontside&backside
totalplasterarea=54.0+53.40+93.248.40=192.24m 2
ALMadinaInstituteofQuantitySurvey
Headoffice:officeno.17,Groundfloor,TirumalaTower,Malakpet,Hyderabad.
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116
b.
(i)
C:Mrequiredforplastering:
1stcoatofplaster:
thicknessofplaster=12mmor0.012m
volumeofC:MforPlastering=Areaofplasterxthicknessofplaster
.=192.24x0.012
.=2.306m3
Cement:Mortarrequiredforplastering:
a.Sand:
3
3
1m =1.25m
3
3
2.306m =?m
.=2.306x1.25
3
.=2.88m
(ii)
b.Cement:
3
1m =(1.25x1440)/5
1m3=360kgs
3
2.306m =?Kgs
.=2.306x360
.=830.16kgs
no.ofcementbags=830.16/50=16.60or17bags
2ndcoatofplaster:
thicknessofplaster=8mmor0.008m
volumeofC:MforPlastering=Areaofplasterxthicknessofplaster
.=192.24x0.008
.=1.537m3
Cement:Mortarrequiredforplastering:
a.Sand:
1m3=1.25m 3
3
3
1.537m =?m
.=1.537x1.25
3
.=1.921m
C:M=1:5
C:M=1:3
b.Cement:
1m3=(1.25x1440)/3
1m3=600kgs
3
1.537m =?Kgs
.=1.537x600
.=922.20kgs
no.ofcementbags=922.20/50=18.44or19bags
totalSandrequired=2.88+1.921=4.801m 3
TotalCementrequired=17+19=36bags
ALMadinaInstituteofQuantitySurvey
Headoffice:officeno.17,Groundfloor,TirumalaTower,Malakpet,Hyderabad.
Phoneno.:+914066710031;+919550259317;website:www.quantitysurveyindia.com
117
EmulsionPaintorWaterBondPaintforwalls(Calculations&problems)
Problem1:
a
b
a.
(i)
(ii)
Foragivenplanfind
AreaofPaint
EmulsionPaintrequiredinlitres
(i)Ceilingheight=3.0m
(ii)Slabthickness=0.15m
(iii)Door'D'=1.0x2.10
Solution
AreaofEmulsionPaint:
InternalPaintarea=PeripheralLengthxDepth
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(5.0+4.0)x2x3.0
.=54.0m 2
Deductionofdoorarea=LxD=1.0x2.10=2.10
2
totalinternalpaintarea=54.02.10=51.90m
ExternalPaintarea=PeripheralLengthxDepth
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(5.4+4.4)x2x3.15
.=61.74m2
Deductionofdoorarea=LxD=1.0x2.10=2.10
2
totalexternalpaintarea=61.742.10=59.64m
(iii)
TotalPaintarea=51.90+59.64=111.54m 2
(a)
(b)
StandardsforDoubleCoatofEmulsionPaint:
1Litreofpaintwillcover4.2m 2areaor
1litreofpaintwillcover45Sftarea
(iv)
Emulsionpaintrequiredinlitres:
Note:whilefindingexternalpaintarea,Slabthicknesshas
tobeaddedwithCeilingheight
4.2m =1Litre
2
111.54m =?Litre
.=111.54/4.2
.=26.557orapproximatelyequalto27Litres
ALMadinaInstituteofQuantitySurvey
Headoffice:officeno.17,Groundfloor,TirumalaTower,Malakpet,Hyderabad.
Phoneno.:+914066710031;+919550259317;website:www.quantitysurveyindia.com
118
WallPuttyCalculations&problems
Problem1:
Foragivenplanfindno.ofbagsrequiredforwallputty
(onlyforinternalareaofwalls)
(i)Ceilingheight=3.0m
(ii)Slabthickness=0.15m
(iii)Door'D'=1.0x2.10
a.
(i)
Solution
AreaofWallputty:
Internalarea=PeripheralLengthxDepth
.=(L+B)x2xD
.=(5.0+4.0)x2x3.0
.=54.0m 2
Deductionofdoorarea=LxD=1.0x2.10=2.10
2
totalinternalarea=54.02.10=51.90m
StandardsforWallPutty:
ThicknessofWallputtylayer=3mmor0.003m
3
WeightofWallputty/m =849.0kgs
VolumeofWallputty=Areaxthickness
.=51.90x.003
.=0.155m3
1m3=849.0kgs
0.155m3=?Kgs
.=0.155x849
.=131.595kgs
AvailablebagofWallputty=5kgs,10kg,20kg&40kg
no.ofbagsrequired=131.595/40
.=3.289orapproximatelyequalto4bagsof40kgs
ALMadinaInstituteofQuantitySurvey
Headoffice:officeno.17,Groundfloor,TirumalaTower,Malakpet,Hyderabad.
Phoneno.:+914066710031;+919550259317;website:www.quantitysurveyindia.com
119
FlooringCalculations&problem
Problem1:
Foragivenplanfindno.ofTilesrequiredforFlooring
ifthesizeofeachFloorTile=12"x12"
a.
(i)
(ii)
Solution
AreaofFlooring:
Floorarea=LxB
.=5.0x4.0
.=20.0m 2
SizeofeachFloortile=12"x12"
2
.=144"
144"2=?M2
therefore1m=39.37"
2
2
.=144" /39.37
.=0.0929m2
(iii)
no.offloortilesrequired=Totalfloorarea/areaofeachtile
.=20.0/0.0929
.=215.28orapproximatelyequalto216Tiles
ALMadinaInstituteofQuantitySurvey
Headoffice:officeno.17,Groundfloor,TirumalaTower,Malakpet,Hyderabad.
Phoneno.:+914066710031;+919550259317;website:www.quantitysurveyindia.com
120
OverHeadWaterTankCalculation&Problem
Problem1:
a
b
c
Foragivenproblemfind
volumeofconcrete
shutteringarea
volumeofwaterinlitres.
thicknessofwall=0.20m
ALMadinaInstituteofQuantitySurvey
Headoffice:officeno.17,Groundfloor,TirumalaTower,Malakpet,Hyderabad.
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121
Solution:
(i)
BottomSlab:
VolumeofConcrete=LxBxD
.=2.50x2.80x0.15
.=1.05m 3
Shutteringarea=(L+B)x2xD+LxB
.=(2.50+2.80)x2x0.15+2.50x2.80
.=8.59m 2
(ii)
TopSlab:
VolumeofConcrete=LxBxD
.=2.50x2.80x0.15
.=1.05m 3
Shutteringarea=(L+B)x2xD+lxb(internaldimension)+(L+B)x2xD(coverdimension)
.=(2.50+2.80)x2x0.15+2.10x2.40+(0.50+0.50)x2x0.15
.=6.93m 2
(iii)
wallalonghorizontalaxis:
VolumeofConcrete=LxBxDxno.s
.=2.50x0.20x1.50x2
.=1.50m 3
Shutteringarea=LxDx2xno.s
.=2.50x1.50x2x2
.=15.0m 2
(iii)
1
wallalongverticalaxis:
VolumeofConcrete=LxBxDxno.s
.=2.40x0.20x1.50x2
3
.=1.44m
ALMadinaInstituteofQuantitySurvey
Headoffice:officeno.17,Groundfloor,TirumalaTower,Malakpet,Hyderabad.
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122
(iv)
(v)
Shutteringarea=LxDx2xno.s
.=2.40x1.50x2x2
.=14.40m2
TotalVolumeofConcrete=1.05+1.05+1.50+1.44=5.04m 3
2
TotalShutteringarea=8.59+6.93+15.0+14.40=44.92m
Watercalculations:
Internalvolumeofsump=LxBxD
.=2.10x2.40x1.50
.=7.56m 3
3
ALMadinaInstituteofQuantitySurvey
Headoffice:officeno.17,Groundfloor,TirumalaTower,Malakpet,Hyderabad.
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123
PlasteringwithMachine
ALMadinaInstituteofQuantitySurvey
Headoffice:officeno.17,Groundfloor,TirumalaTower,Malakpet,Hyderabad.
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124
125
126
1. Columns
2. Beams
3. Slabs
4. Staircases(Typical&Semiround)
5. Brickwork(No.ofbricksrequired)
6. Cement:Mortarrequiredforbrickwork
7. Wallputtycalculation
8. PaintcalculationsinLiters(Emulsionpaint&Enamelpaint)
9. FalseCeilingCalculationsinM2
10. FlooringCalculations(Marbletiles,Vitrifiedtiles,Parkingtiles&interlocktiles
11. WallSkirtingCalculations
12. WallTiles(CeramicTiles)
13. Woodcalculationsfordoors&windows
14. Doors&WindowsFittings(Towerbolt,doorhandleetc)
15. WindowsgrillandIrongatecalculations
16. Calculationforthemiscellaneousitem(Lintel,Loft(Chajjas),WindowSunshade&KitchenPlatforms.
17. Abstractforthequantitiesofsuperstructure
18. Billofquantitiesforsuperstructure
(C). Reinforcement Calculation for
(i)SubStructureitems
(ii)SuperStructureitems
TypesofReinforcement
BarBendingSchedules(B.B.S)
ReinforcementDrawings
ReinforcementCalculations&Solutions
126
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