B.E/B.

Tech DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY/JUNE 2012

Third Semester
Mechanical Engineering
ME 2203/ME 35 / 10122 ME 404 / ME 1202 A / 080120010 KINEMATICS OF
MACHINERY
(Regulation 2008)
PART A
1. Sketch and define transmission angle of a four bar mechanism. What are the worst values
of transmission angle?
The angle between the coupler and the follower in a four bar mechanism is called
the transmission. Worst value of transmission angle is less than 45
2. What is the condition for correct steering of an automobile?
Automobiles are controlled by the steering system. Directional changes are
provided by this steering system to the moving automobiles. Steering is done by moving
the axes of rotation of the front wheels with respect to chaois frame
3. What is a configuration diagram? What is its use?
It is skeleton or a line diagram which represents a machine or a mechanism. To
study the velocity and acceleration of any mechanisms, first we have to draw the
configuration diagram.
4. Define rubbing velocity in a pin joint and write the equation for calculating the same.
The rubbing velocity is defined as the algebraic sum between the angular
velocities of the two links which are connected by pin joints, multiplied by the radius of
the pin.
Rubbing velocity at pin joint = (1+2)
5. Which type of cam follower motion is used in high speed engines? why
For any high sped cam application it is extremely important that not only the
displacement and velocity curves. But also the acceleration curve be made continuous
for the entire motion cycle. No discontinuities should be allowed at the boundaries of the
different sections of cam.
For these reason , cycloidal motion of the follower is used for high sped cams.

6. Why large pressure angle is not preferred in cam curves?

If the pressure angle is too large, a reciprocating follower will jam in its bearings.
7. Define the following terms used in gear.
(a) Pressure angle It is the angle between the common normal to two gear teeth at the
point of contact and the common tangent at the pitch point. The standard pressure angles
are 14 and 20
(b)Module- It is the ratio of the pitch circle diameter in millimeters to the number of
teeth. It is usually denoted by m.
Mathematically, Module, m = D /T
8. What are the roles of idlers in gear trains?
a) To connect gears where a large centre distance is required.
b) To obtain the desired direction of motion of the driven gear
9. Differentiate between self locking and overhauling of screw.
A screw will be self locking if the friction angle is greater than helix angle or
coefficient of friction is greater than tangent of helix angle.
10. State the functional difference between a clutch and brake.
Clutch is a transmission device of an automobile which is used to engage and
disengage the power from the engine to the rest of the system.
Brake is a device by means of which artificial resistance is applied to a moving
machine member, in order to retard or stop the motion of a machine

(ii) With a suitable diagram, explain how a pantograph works. What are its uses?
A pantograph is an instrument used to reproduce to an enlarged or a reduced scale and as
exactly as possible the path described by a given point. It consists of a jointed parallelogram
ABCD as shown in Fig. 1. It is made up of bars connected by turning pairs. The bars BA and BC
are extended to O and E respectively, such that
OA/OB = AD/BE
Thus, for all relative positions of the bars, the triangles OAD and OBE are similar and the
points O, D and E are in one straight line. It may be proved that point E traces out the same path
as described by point D. From similar triangles OAD and OBE, we find that
OD/OE = AD/BE
Let point O be fixed and the points D and E move to some new positions D and E. Then
OD/OE = OD/OE
A little consideration will show that the straight line DD is parallel to the straight line EE
.

Fig. 1. Pantograph.
Hence, if O is fixed to the frame of a machine by means of a turning pair and D is
attached to a point in the machine which has rectilinear motion relative to the frame, then E will
also trace out a straight line path. Similarly, if E is constrained to move in a straight line, then D
will trace out a straight line parallel to the former.
A pantograph is mostly used for the reproduction of plane areas and figures such as maps,
plans etc., on enlarged or reduced scales. It is, sometimes, used as an indicator rig in order to
reproduce to a small scale the displacement of the crosshead and therefore of the piston of a
reciprocating steam engine. It is also used to guide cutting tools. A modified form of pantograph
is used to collect power at the top of an electric locomotive.