HART

Protocol Information
Type of
Network
Device Bus (Process Automation)
Physical
Media
Legacy 4-20 mA analog
instrumentation wiring or 2.4 GHz
Wireless
Network
Topology
One-on-One, Multidrop, Wireless
Mesh
Maximum
Devices
15 in multidrop
Maximum
Speed
Depends on Physical Layer employed
Device
Addressing
Hardware/Software
Governing
Body
HART Communication Foundation
Website www.hartcomm.org
(http://www.hartcomm.org/)
Highway Addressable Remote Transducer Protocol
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from HART Protocol)
The HART Communications Protocol (Highway Addressable
Remote Transducer Protocol) is an early implementation of Fieldbus,
a digital industrial automation protocol. Its most notable advantage is
that it can communicate over legacy 4-20 mA analog instrumentation
wiring, sharing the pair of wires used by the older system. According
to Emerson,
[1]
due to the huge installed base of 4-20 mA systems
throughout the world, the HART Protocol is one of the most popular
industrial protocols today. HART protocol has made a good
transition protocol for users who were comfortable using the legacy
4-20 mA signals, but wanted to implement a "smart" protocol.
Industries seem to be using Profibus DP/PA and Foundation fieldbus
(also by Rosemount) more as users become familiar with later
technology and look to take advantage of the enhanced diagnostics
they can provide.
The protocol was developed by Rosemount Inc., built off the Bell
202 early communications standard, in the mid-1980s as proprietary
digital communication protocol for their smart field instruments. Soon
it evolved into HART. In 1986, it was made an open protocol. Since
then, the capabilities of the protocol have been enhanced by
successive revisions to the specification.
Contents
1 Modes
2 Packet structure
2.1 Preamble
2.2 Start delimiter
2.3 Address
2.4 Command
2.5 Number of data bytes
2.6 Status
2.7 Data
2.8 Checksum
3 References
4 External links
Modes
There are two main operational modes of HART instruments: analog/digital mode, and multidrop mode.
In point-to-point mode (analog/digital) the digital signals are overlaid on the 4-20 mA loop current. Both the 4-20 mA
current and the digital signal are valid output values from the instrument. The polling address of the instrument is set to "0".
Only one instrument can be put on each instrument cable signal pair. One signal, generally specified by the user, is specified
to be the 4-20 mA signal. Other signals are sent digitally on top of the 4-20 mA signal. For example, pressure can be sent
as 4-20 mA, representing a range of pressures, and temperature can be sent digitally over the same wires. In point-to-point
mode, the digital part of the HART protocol can be seen as a kind of digital current loop interface.
In multidrop mode (digital) only the digital signals are used. The analog loop current is fixed at 4 mA. In multidrop mode it
is possible to have more than one instruments on one signal cable. HART revisions 3 through 5 allowed polling addresses of
the instruments to be in the range 1-15. HART 6 and later allowed address up to 63. Each instrument needs to have a
unique address.
Packet structure
The HART Packet has the following structure
Field Name Length (Bytes) Purpose
Preamble 5-20 Synchronization and Carrier Detect
Start Byte 1 Specifies Master Number
Address 1-5 Specifies slave, Specifies Master and Indicates Burst Mode
Command 1 Numerical Value for the command to be executed
Number of data bytes 1 Indicates the size of the Data Field
Status Master (0) Slave (2) Execution and Health Reply
Data 0-253 Data associated with the command
Checksum 1 XOR of all bytes from Start Byte to Last byte of Data
Preamble
Currently all the newer devices implement 5 byte preamble, since anything greater reduces the communication speed.
However, masters are responsible for backwards support. Master communication to a new device starts with the maximum
preamble length (20 bytes) and is later reduced once the preamble size for the current device is determined.
Start delimiter
This byte contains the Master number and specifies the communication packet is starting.
Address
Specifies the destination address as implemented in one of the HART schemes. The original addressing scheme used only 4
bits to specify the device address, which limited the number of devices to 16 including the master.
The newer scheme utilizes 38 bits to specify the device address. This address is requested from the device using either
Command 0, or Command 11.
Command
This is a 1 byte numerical value representing which command is to be executed. Command 0 and Command 11 are used to
request the device number.
Number of data bytes
Specifies the number of communication data bytes to follow.
Status
The status field is absent for the master and is two bytes for the slave. This field is used by the slave to inform the master
whether it completed the task and what its current health status is.
Data
Data contained in this field depends on the command to be executed.
Checksum
Checksum is composed of an XOR of all the bytes starting from the start byte and ending with the last byte of the data field,
including those bytes.
References
1. ^ Emerson http://www.automation.com/content/emerson-proves-advancements-in-eddl-electronic-device-description-
language-technology, rev. 2009-09-09
External links
HART Communications Foundation (http://www.hartcomm.org/)
Detailed HART protocol description; waveforms, message structure, etc
(http://www.analogservices.com/about_part0.htm)
.NET Open Source project (http://hartprotocollite.codeplex.com/)
Hart Technology (Espaol) (http://www.fieldata.cl)
Wireless Hart Simulator (http://www.whsim.com)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Highway_Addressable_Remote_Transducer_Protocol&oldid=593942636"
Categories: Network protocols Automation Industrial computing Serial buses Industrial automation
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