hHgaQ0IP aHPHaCa h0CPy

SingaporeMatbematicaIOIympiad(SMO)Z
()unor Sccton)
1ucsuay,?9Nay?UU7 U93U-i?UU
1mportant:
nS\c| LL J`qucSlOnS.
1nlc| )Ou| unS\c|S On lhc unS\c| Shccl [|Ovdcd.
1O| lhc mul[c chOcc qucSlOnS, cnlc| On) lhc cllc|S , , c, , O| 1, cO||cS[Ondny lO lhc
cO||ccl unS\c|S n lhc unS\c| Shccl.
1O| lhc Olhc| ShO|l qucSlOnS, \|lc )Ou| unS\c|S n unS\c| Shccl und Shudc lhc u[[|O[|ulc /u/-
/cS /cO\ )Ou| unS\c|S.
^O Slc[S u|c nccdcd lOuSlQ )Ou| unS\c|S.
1uch qucSlOn tu||cS 1 mu|K.
^O cucuulO|Su|c uO\cd.
11AS Ol ^l1 11H^ lV 1^111 Yl1 AH 1l1O 1l Ol Sl.

i. -morIhcoursIaIcmcrIsorirIccrshcIov,
! u / Ihcru /, `u ` UisaIvaysIruc':
`u UisaIvaysIruc`: !uc /cIhcru /,
hovmaryoIhcmarccorrccI!
(-)U: (J)i: ,C) ?: ()3: ()+.
?. VhichoIhcoIIovirrumhcrsisouuoraryirIccrvaIucsol!
(-) ?UU7 l`: (J)?UU7 7l: (C)?UU7 ?l: ()?UU7 ?UU7l: ()?UU7l.
3. !raschooI,aII 3UUSccoruary3sIuucrIssIuuyciIhcrGcorahy,JioIoyorhoIhGcorahy
aruJioIoy. ! SU' sIuuy Gcorahy aru U' sIuuyJioIoy, hov mary sIuucrIs sIuuy
hoIhGcorahyaruhioIoy!
(-)3U: (J)U: (C)SU: ()9U: ()iU.
4. -rurhiascusix-siucuuiccisrumhcrcuiIo. 1hcuiccisIhiovrIviccaruIhcIvoscorcs
auucu. VhichoIhcoIIovircvcrIshasIhchihcsIrohahiIiIyooccurrcrcc!
(-)1hcIoIaIscorcisarimcrumhcr: (J)1hcIoIaIscorcisamuIIiIco4;
(C)1hcIoIaIscorcisacrccIsquarc: ()1hcIoIaIscorcis7:
()1hcIoIaIscorcisaacIoroi?.
. 1hc caruhoaru hcIov car hc cuI ouI aru oIucu Io makc a cuhc. Vhichacc viIIIhcr hc
oosiIcIhcaccmarkcuA!
I
c L
A
(-)
.
(J)c. (C)I; ()L; ()1.
?
. HovmaryIriarIcscaryou nruirIhcoIIovirnurc!

c

i
,A) . ,L) . ,C) +. () 4; () .
+
). Suosc
i + . ;,
= = =
\ ;, , . . ;,
,;
VhaIisIhcvauco
\
,A) i
. ,L) , ,C) +, ()4; ().
iU.

Suosc . :+. i =u. VhaI isIhcasIuiiIo. .

,A) i; ,L) +, ,C) ; (), ()).
ii. !raIriarcAC, iIis ivcrIhaIA icm, C =uu cmaruAC =ucm, vhcrc uisar
irIccr. cIcrmircIhcvaucou.
i?. iruIhcvauc(irIhcsimcsIorm)o i . : x.
i3. iruIhcvauco
uu uu :))+ :))
4
i4. iruIhcrcaIcsIirIccrJsuchIhaI
J uuu +i.
i. SuoscIhaI. aruarcror-zcrorcarumhcrssuchIhaI
iruIhcvauco. .
i. vauaIcIhcsum
\

=
+
\
aru _ =9.
uu uu uu
.
iX X + uu X uu
:. iruIhcsumoIhcuiiIsoIhcrouucI
. . . iii)X uu

\
4
iS. 1hcuiaramshovsIvoiucrIicasquarcs,~c aru!_I,ovcraircachoIhcrirsuch
a vayIhaIIhcir cucs arc arac, aruacircIc orauius ( ? x)cmcovcrcuviIhirIhcsc
squarcs. iruIhccrIhoIhcsquarc~c.
l'. Vhcr?UU1harsosoaarcackcuirIoNhoxcsocquasizc,vhcrcNisarirIccrsIricIy
hcIvccr?UUaru3UU,IhcrcarccxIraharsrcmairir. iruN.
2U. SuoscIhaIa+ .
2
=?UU,| .
2
=?UU?aruc - .
2
~ ?UUSarua|c =3. iruIhcvauco
a | c i i I
~~~.
|c ca a| a | .
?i. 1hcuiaramhcovshovsaIriarc~c irvhich .~ =U, ! aruE IrisccI .~c, aru
C! arucE trisccI .~c. LcIIhcarc .E hc\`. iru ..
1 L

. SuoscIhaI. - ; ~ . iruIhcvauco. - , .; +.; +, y.

+. Hov mary orucrcu airs o irIccrs , . u) vhcrc u < < u < uu saIisyIhc cquaIior
uu uu u
-
'
+. !. ; ) aru. .; v =. hruIhcvauco. ;.
. -cruirIhrccuiiIsaIIhccruouu. orcohIairsd irIccrNoscvcruiiIs. !rorucr
IocINIohcIhcmirimarumhcrvhichisuivisihchy+. aru simuIarcousy,vhaIarc
IhcIhrccuiiIsIhaIorcvouuacru'
. iruIhcarcsIirIccrusuchIhaIo

_
uu

.
. iruIhcvauco
vhcr. = ) V.
. . - . . +
. .
. iruIhcvaucoa suchIhaIIhcIvocquaIiors. a. =u aru. . a u havcorc
commorrcarooI.
). OuuirIccrssIarIirrom arcroucuasoovs: , ). ,+. ). ,. ). ). , +. . . )). . . . ,
vhcrc Ihc u-Ih rou corsisIs o u ou)irIccrs. Hov mary ouu irIccrs arc ir Ihc samc
rouvhichuu hcorsIo'
+u. !r .c ~c +. isaoirIor c suchIhaI~ iscrcruicuarIoc. ! ~ +
cmaruc = cm,aruIhcarcaoIhc .c is. cm. IiruIhcvauco..
1
.
I

3i. !r ^C (scchcIov),A AC varuI is a oirIor CsuchIhaIAI i. IiruIhc
vaIucoIIC.
3?. IiruIhcIasIuiiIo

i.

A
I c
33. | IhcoIIoviruiaram, ACI isasquarc, aruL isIhcccrIcroIhcsquarc ACI. ! is
a oirI orascmi-circIc viIh uiamcIcrA. _ is aoirIor ascmi-circIc viIh uiamcIcrAI.
Norcovcr, _, A aru !arc coIIircar (IhaI is, Ihcy arc or Ihc samc Iirc). Suosc _A i4
cm,A! 4cm,aruAL . cm. IiruIhcvaIuco `.

1
1
I
34. IiruIhcsmaIIcsIosiIivcirIccrusuchIhaIu(u i)(u ) isuivisihIchy?47.
3. IiruIhcIarcsIirIccrNsuchIhaIhoIhN 49aruN ??4arccrccIsquarcs.
7
hHgaQ0IP aHPHaCa h0CPy
SingaporeMathematicaIOIympiad(SMO)Z
()unor Sccton Solutons)
i. -rs: (J)
Ory lhc asl slalcmcrl is corrccl: .c
-
nc imics c ` U, hcrcc. c. or olhcr

slalcmcrls,courlcrcxamcscarhclakcas. =?,n =i;. =Uaru. = Urcscclivcy.

?. -rs: ,C)
Jccausc?lisavayscvcr,lhus?UU7+?lisavaysouu. orolhcrslalcmcrls,cilhcrl =i
orl Uivcsa courlcrcxamc.
3. -rs: ()
\sc!rcusioraruxcusior!rircic.
4. -rs: ( -)
1hcrumhcrooccurrcrccsorcachcvcrlis: i,). 7,arui?rcscclivcy.
. -rs: ()
1uslimairc.
. -rs: ()
1usl courl: Lahc lhc ccrlcr' C. 1hcrc arc lriarcs ikc .io. 3 ikc .o, ikc
. arui ikc .c. 1ola: i.
7. -rs: (J)
!cl. ii aru n =i3. Vc havc.`+n` =(.+n)`. Simiy: 3.n(.+n) =U. Rcacir
.,nhackirlcrmso,vcourulhclhrccroolsarc ii,i?arui3. 1hus
-
+ = 3.
S. -rs: (J)
Sircclhcarcaoscclor~i aru .c arccqua,vchavc
i
(
\
)

_
i
2 + 2
1hcrcsuloovs.
S
). -rs: (J)
Icsus
+
-
*
aru -

. ;, . ,.
; , ,
~ aru - +.
\ \ \
1hus ; - u aru - .. loIc vcuiur`Iusc IhcIasIcquaIiIy, huI . - ,; - u aru,
7
saIisyacoruiIiors.
u. -rs: ( )

Jy assumIIor . - +. 1hus _ ~ + . SimiarIy, . - .

\ \
vhoscIasIuiiIis.
. -rs: uu.
\sca uu aru uu a .
. -rs: .
\sc J v - ,xJ +)

+. -rs: +uuuu.
\sira| - ,a |),a|). uu ))+ +;u Z aruuu )) - +))) X .
1hcrcsuIIoIIovs.
+. -rs: uu
JycomIcIiorosquarc,uu uuu + - ,uu ) . 1hcrcsuIIoIovs.
. -rs: +.
IimiraIir .. vc cI +; - ;. 1hcr ; - sircc ; = u. 1hus . - . 1hc rcsuII
oIIovs.
. -rs: uu.

\sir -

vccI
|,|) | |

uu
.
,

. . .


) uu.
+ .uu uu
)
. -hs: u+.
SihccIhcrcishocarry,Ihisissimy Z uu. OrohscrvciIisacIuay
+ +
2UU4 '
. -hs: .
-sIhcuiaramhcovshovs,Y oahuY: o Y. 1hus,
. -hs: .

: Y Y: o , .

1
LyassumIioh, uu N | orsomcihIccr|. acIorizc uu + +. Sihcc
uu N +uu. IhcohyossihiiIyisN + ahu| .
u. -hs: .
RcvriIcIhccxrcssiohas
a | c |c ca a| ,a | )
2
, | c ) , c - a )

a|c a|c
Sihcca | . | c ahuc a . IhcrcsuIoovs.
u
. ^rs: u.

.c u ,.c .c) u

,.~c .~c) u
_
u uu.
OhscrvcIhaIE hisccIs .c. IhcrcsuIIoIIovs.
. ^rs: .
VcmariuIaIcIhccxrcssiorarurcIacc. ; hy vhcrcvcrrcccssary:
+. ^rs: +.
.

,' .
; +.

; +,

y
"

.,. ;) ; ,. ;) +.;,. ;)
,. ;),x

;
,. - ;)
.
Sirccuuuu o . vchavc+u ,o ),o ). i.c. + ,o ),o ).
1hcrc`rc ourossihiIiIics: o - +u. o , o u+. o , o -
+. o aru o +. o . JuI Ihc hisI orc o uu. uu is
ruIcu ouIhyassumIior, Ihc rcmairirairs arc o +u+. +)). o . aru
o +. ).
?4. ^rs: +.
Sircc,.+
.
;),.
.
;) ,.;),
.
) .

;v. vchavc),.
.
;)
1hcrcsuIIoIIovs.
. ^rs: u.
IIsuLccsIomakciIuivisihIchy u aIcracruir. ^suuuuu u Z ) + + +u. Ihc
IcasIrumhcrIhaIvcrccuIoauuis.
. ^rs: .
Vc rccu IhcmaximaIo suchIhaI ,o
'
)
-

uu
-
. Vc rccu o'
uu. JycaIcuIaIior
uu ) +. 1hcrcsuIIoIIovs.

?7. -hs: .
Obscrvc. v) =+ xahu.. i3=i9 x3? x i3 =U. \sc
Iohuivisioh,
.

. x . ?3 (.- . i3)(. ?. i) iU.

1husIhcoriihaIcxrcssiohcquaIs
?S. -hs: ?.
(. . i3)(. . i) iU
=
iU
=
. . i3 ? ?

\sih a. i =. u, vchavc. ior a =i. JuIvhcha = i, IhcoriihaIcquaIioh

hashorcaIrooIs. 1hus. =-i,vchavca =?.
?9. -hs: 4.
?UU7isIhci UU4-Ihouuhumbcr. !?UU7isihIhcrou| i,Ihchi ? | ~ iUU4
i ? . . . ,| i). 1hus
|,| i)
~ iUU4 ~
,| 1)(|?)
.
?

?
VccI |=44. So?UU7isihrou4vhichhas4ouuihIccrs.
3U. -hs: i.
CohsIrucIcE vhichiscrchuicuIarIo~ vhcrcE isoh~. Sihcc .~c 4
'
(ivch),
~E =cE. 1husIhcrihI.EH iscohruchIIorihI.cE So~H =c =.
lcxI. issimiIarIocH. Ihus
H ~ ~H 3 ~
~
=
c
= vhichimIics
~
=
?
vccI~ ~ =U SoIvih~ ohIyas ~ ` U. 1hcrcsuIIoIIovs.
`
`
`
/
i?

_]

`
`
`olc,I orcs IumIur vlhlrgoromclry, orcmuy huvcur uIlcnulvcsoIulorusIoIIovs.
LclU urddcrolc.~ urd .~c rcspcclvcIy. \srglur(. [) =lur 4` ~ 1,orcgcl
corscqucrlIy~ =.
1. -rs:.
~
_
=1,
1
3 .
A1.1
CorslruclucrcIcvlh~ uslhcccrlcr d~ =~c = .uslhcrudus.lxlcrd~ lomccl
lhccrcumIcrcrcculM urd. usshovr.
.
.

\
^
. \
Z
\

Z
\
`
Z
\
`
J
\ \
\ \
l \ \
/ \ \
I
\ \

`.
.
| |
| |
\ l
\ l
\ /
\ /
\
\ J
` Z
1
7 '
1

^
\

.`

\srglhc!rlcrscclrg ChordThcorcm
c M . =(- 1)(v 1)=.
2. -rs. .
OLscrvclhulIorH . uIvuyscrds vlhu. ThcrcsuIlIoIIovs.
1
33. -rs: 34.
oir Q urd . it is cusy to sLov tLut rigLt cQ~ is corgrucrt to rigLt .. 1Lus
Q~ I 4.
-ppIyytLugorus' 1Lcorcmto ..
, v., 4
-
I+.
SoIvc,. 34.
1
\
\
\
\
\

\
1
\
\
\
\
\
\
1
L
34. -rs. 37.
Sircc?47 I3 I 9,orcoI H, H I, H isdivisiLIcLy I3, cuIIita urdorcLy I 9cuIIit|.
CIcurIy ,| - a| ?.
Ict | I 9c. WLcr c I, sircc ,| a| ?, a is umorg I 7, I S, I 9,?U,?I . But rorc is
divisiLIcLy I3, Lcrcc vctry c ?. `ov| 3Surda is umorg3,37,3S,39,4U, Lcrcc
a 39. TLustLcIcustH 37.
3. -rs. 4?.
Lct. 49 ~ a urd. ?'4 | Iorsomcpositivcirtcgcisuurd|. 1Lcra
:
|
:
49 ~
??4 ?7? ? I 7. TLus I7}(. |),a |). II I 7}. b tLcr a | I 7urd a | I,
impossiLIc. 1Lus I 7. |.
WcLuvchvcpossiLiIiticsIor,a |. a |) ( I7, I ),(34,S),(S,4),( I3,?),(?7?, I). SoIvc
urddiscurdror-irtcgcrsoIutiors,vcLuvc,a. |) (?I , I3),(3,3?)urd (9,7). 1LustLc
Iurgcst. is9
-
-49 4?.
I 4
Sngapore Aathematca Socety
snapnrcMatncmateaici,mpad (sMc) Z
JunIov ScctIon, Hound 2)
Satuvday, 30 Junc 2007 0930-1230
InstvuctIons to contcstants
1. ~.r ~II ' ,.|o..
. :|o || || |, . ,o.r or/.,.
J. E| ,.|o. rr 1U r/.
,. \o |.||or r ||oc.
:. I. w. .B , L. .B / L| ..i /. L .
..BL. S BO
=
o]u. I..
i,/.
1 C
1
=
. L . .BE .. BI . . . . ..B ..
B . .BL. I LLI

. L: L . ..0 c... . : : ..
( : : ,
?

'
. I.. 0. J . w
4. J ... w. . .' . tw ... .
. . G'D ( ... .) ..L'M ( ...
.) I.. .. 1 .w
5 I. . :, ](:) ... :iI .. .
](')
= ](=) ]() 5 ](4) 0 I .
] ( :) : {
.!
w{J
!
. . J. (I . {
!
:. {
!
:.
{
\!
=
{
\
; =)
:
Sngapore Aathematca Socety
snapnrcMatncmateaici,mpad sMc) Z
JunIov ScctIon, Hound 2 SoIutIons)
I. \\ . u. 1.BOc 2 S..BL, .B,.
w .OLBOc2 LLO r ...OB , 1. r,22,,
r, 4. A r= , 5. 1 r,5 r) 4 S. w r 1 ..,4
S. LO' BO..w r,y i ,/. 1 i,/ 1,2.
2 W
1 C
.EBF 240`..B 240`,180`.BL`
00`.BL .LI
AIB F ..BE B.L. 1IBE
'
FL. 1
FE F L. S.E.L L F. 1ELLI 1L EI

1
1
1
. I: 1 ..: 2 . 1 ..5 . A. ... .
0 : 1 ..,: 1) 1 .. ... 2:1 H.0 ..
4,:

1) ,2: 1),2:1) 5. 1 p 1 .. 5.
10
4 Ct tC IItCCIS C J uIU_ uIU uSSULC tut J ,_. lIISt WC IOtC tut J uIU_ uIC
Ot IOIzCIO uIU tut tCII '! uIU ! uIC Ot jOSItIVC UCIIItIOI. Ct
./ C tC '!, tCI J " u uIU
v'
.'u, WCIC u uIU u uIC COjIILC IItCCIS.
dUS tC ! O! J uIU_ IS ub. !_ I, tCI I uIU ItS CuSI CCCRCU
tut tCIC IS IO SOUtIOI. `CI_ , I, J_ , J _. dUS J_|J _ uu.
.!tCI SUStItUtII !OI J uIU_ uIU SILjI!II, WC uVC
uu| IIuu I 4
! Z, tCI uuuu I, I.C., |u I|u I Z. dUS u , u Z OI J0
_4 CILIuI, WCI ./ " , WC Ct Zuu u u I. UtIjII tIOUOUt
Z uIU tCI !uCtOIIzC, WC Ct [Zu I|Zu I WIC IVCS J 0 uIU_.
\\CI 4 WC Ct J _ 4WIC IS ICCCtCU uS J uIU_ uIC UIStIICt.
`CXt WC COISIUCI tC CuSC J , 0,_. dCI J u uIU_u. \SII SILIuI
uIULCItS, WC Ct J _ J_ " uu. dUS I , WIC
ICUS I ./ Z. `CI I, WC Ct uIu. dUS tC SOUtIOIS uIC u1,
u I 1 OI J I 1,_ 1, WCIC | : `CI : Z, tC CQUutIOI SILjIICS
tO |u I|u I 0 dUS WC Ct u I uIU u uIItIuI uS tC OI SOUtIOI. dC
SOUtIOIS uIC JZ,_ Z1, WCIC 1:.
lIIu, WC COISIUCI tC CuSC 0, , ,_. lCIC J lu,_ u uIU
?
uu
uu " uu. CIICC ./Zuu _ uu uIU ./uu , , tCIC IS IO
SOUtIOI.
dUS tC SOUtIOIS uIC ,0 , ,0 4) |I | 1 uIU |Z, Z1 WCIC |:.
5 !](:) : , tCI tCIC uIC CXuCt SQUuIC IULCIS CSS tuI ](:) . dUS

?
](:) | I
?
. `OW WC SOW tut ;. `C uVC
lCICC
dCIC!OIC

?
I
] |:) :
( I
?
I.
"
?

~ I :

?


~

I
,
?

I
,
?
Z 4
' ~ ~
l
_
I I

.
Z Z
SO tut ;" .
I
I
4
SingaporeMathematicalSociety
hH_uQ0YP ^uHPHuCu tjHQuU (h^t| Z7
(hPH0Y hPC0H|
Jucsdu,2' Nu200 0'`0 200Lrs
1HQ0YuH.
hS\c/ J` gucSlOhS.
1hlc/ )Ou/ uhS\c/S Oh lhc uhS\c/ Shccl [/O\CcC
1O/ lhc mull[lc chOcc gucSlOhS, chlc/ )Ou/ uhS\c/S h lhc uhS\c/ Shccl )
ShuCh_ lhc ulcS cOhluhh_ lhc lcllc/S [, , L, O/ } cO//cS[OhCh_
lO lhc cO//ccl uhS\c/S.
1O/ lhc Olhc/ ShO/l gucSlOhS, \/lc )Ou/ uhS\c/S h uhS\c/ Shccl uhC ShuCc
lhc u[[/O[/ulc ulcS clO\ )Ou/ uhS\c/S.
.O Slc[S u/c hccCcC lO uSl[j )Ou/ uhS\c/S.
1uch gucSlOh cu//cS 1 mu/k.
.O culcululO/S u/c ullO\cC
^h t ^t ^ tH ^1 t ^H t t t ht
lS
Mu!tIpIc ChoIccQucstIons
.
2.
IindlLcsumolLcdigilsolLcpioducl

.
,i

,i
.
'

|
.
(-)
|
B)
(C) v
() .
|I) l3
-Lugconluins. giccnund , icdsvccls. -svcclisscIcclcduliundomiomlLc
LugundilscoIouinolcd. IlislLcnicpIuccdinlolLcLuglogclLcivilL .
uddilionuIsvcclsolLcsumccoIoui. -sccondsvcclisncxliundomlydiuvn.
IindlLcpioLuLiIilylLullLcsccondsvcclisicd.
(-)
|
B)
(C)
()
|I)
=1U
\1U

\1U

\
\=
\
\1U
WLulislLcicmuindcivLcnlLcnumLci
,vvv|vvvvv...vvv

V5 S
isdividcdLy..
(-)
|
B)
(C) 4
()
|I) `onco lLcuLovc
.v
4 \, X , `urdZ uiclhcmdporlsoIlhcIouisdcsoIpuiuIIcIogium-BC. Psu
porlorlhcIrcscgmcrl`Z. \hulpciccrloIlhcuicuoIpuiuIIcIogium-BC
sliurgIcPX\?
O
\ L
(-) 5O
(B) 45
(C) JO
() 25
|I) 2O
P
Y
5. IouiiodsuiccorrcclcdlogclhcivlLIcxLIcorlsullhcicrdslomukcu
quudiIulciuIusshovr RodsPQ 4Ocm,RS-2Ocm,PS 6Ocmurd
ZQPS ZRSP 6O

. Ird ZQRS .
(-) lOO

(B) lO5

l
(C) l2O

() lJ5

|I) l5O

40
20
b0' b0'
|
b0

H
6. \hcr 2OO7 LuisoIsoupuicpuckcdrloNLoxcs,vLcicNsuposlvcrlcgci,
lhcicsuicmurdcioI5. HovmurypossLIcvuIucsoINuiclhcic?
(-) l4
(B) l6
(C) l
() 2O
|I)
lJ
7 . Supposcu dcrolcslhcIusllvodglsoI IoicxumpIc,u_ 49,O 4J. Ird
lhcvuIucoIu u O .. u_
0
(-) 5Ol9
(B) 5Ol99
(C) 5O2O9
() 5O2l9
|I) 5O229
2O
ThcdiugiumLcIovshovsuquudiiIulciuI-BCvhcic-B lO,BC 6, C-
urd- 2 ThcdiugoruIs-CurdBirlciscclullhcpoirlOurdlhulZCOB-
45

IirdlhcuicuoIlhcquudiiIulciuI-BC.
(-) 2
(B) 29
(C) JO
() Jl
|I) J2
L
9. IrlhcIoIIovirg diugium,.3CDisusquuicvilh P . a,P3- 2aurdPC Ja.
IirdZ.P3.
1
3 c
(-) l2O

(B) lJO

(C) lJ5

() l4O

|I)
l45

lO. \hulislhcIuigcslpossiLIcpiimcvuIucoIr
`
-l2r27 ,vhcicr iurgcsovciuII
posilivcirlcgcis?
(-) 9l
(B) J7
(C) 2J
() l7
|I)
7
2l
ShortQucst!ons
11. SupposclLulIog
`
|Iog

(Iog
a)|Iog

|Iog

(Iog
`
/)|-Iog

|Iog
`
(Iog

c)|-O. Ind
lLcvuIucoIa/c.
12. IndlLcunldgloI1:x19

x2J

.
1J . GvcnlLul. , 12und.,5O,lndlLccxuclvuIucoI.
`
,.
14. SupposclLul(21.4)-(O. OO214)
/
-1OO. IndlLcvuIucoI `
_
'
a /
15. IndlLcvuIucoI 1OO(sn25J"snJ1J" sn16J"sn22J"
16. TLcIcllcisoIlLcvoidM-THIM-TICSuicicunungcdnsucLuvuylLullLc
!islIouiIcllcisoIlLcuiiungcmcnluicuBvovcIs. IndlLcloluInumLcioI
dslncluiiungcmcnlslLulcunLcIoimcdnlLsvuy.
(`olc.TLcvovcIsoIIngIsLIunguugcuic-,I,I,O,)
17 . Gvcnuscl S1,2,J, . . . ,199, 2OO} TLcsuLscl- a, /,c}oI S s sudlo
Lcnice
I ac-2/.HovmunynicesuLsclsdocsS Luvc?
(`olc. TLcoidcioIlLccIcmcnlsnsdclLcscldocsnolmullci. IoicxumpIc,vc
consdci a, /, c}oi a,c, /}oi c, /, a}loLclLcsumcscl.)
1. IndlLcicmundcivLcn2

1sdvdcdLyJJ.
19. GvcnlLullLcdIIcicnccLclvccnlvo2-dglnumLciss5 undlLcscIusllvo
dglsoIlLcsquuicsoIlLcsclvonumLcisuiclLcsumc, lndlLcsmuIIcinumLci.
2O. IvuIuulc256sn1O

snJO

sn5O

sn7 O

.
21. IndlLcgiculcslnlcgciIcsslLunoicquuIlo 2
,
22
22.
2J.
24.
25.
26.
27 .
2.
SupposclLul\, X_ und\ uiclLclLiccioolsoI(11-\)

' (1J-\)

(24-2\)

.
IindlLcvulucoI \

' \
_
\

InABC, ZCAB JO"und2ABC-O" TLcpoinlMlicsinsidclLcliiunglc
sucLlLulZMAC 1O"und ZMCA-JO". Iind2BMCindcgiccs.
HovmunyposilivcinlcgciH lcsslLun2OO7 cunvclndsucLlLul
, - H vLcic \] islLcgiculcslinlcgcilcsslLunoicquullo\
(Ioicxumplc, 2. 5| 2; 5| 5; -2. 5| -Jclc)
l u
InA3C,lcl .3- +, 3C u und.C /. SupposclLul --

1, lndlLc
+u l+
vulucoIlLcgiculcslunglcoIA3Cindcgiccs.
IindlLcnumLcioIn:cgcis`suls|ing!LC !O!!OIn l'\O .OndIlIOn8.
(i) lAzUU, 0nd
(ii) cilLciAisdivisiLlcLy U Ol IZ ,oi co:
Supposcu und/uiclLcioolsoI\
_
' \ sinO ' 1 OvLilc+ undJuiclhcioolsoI
1 1 1 1
lLccquulion\
_
' \ cosO l O. ImdlLcvulucoI

_
'
-

_
'

u l + O
1'u
Ascqucncc a,}isdclncdLy 0j -2, u

' , n 2.IindlLcvulucoI

i
-2OO u_

29. cl\, ,undILclLicciculnumLcissucLlLul ,I ' .I-4. IindlLclcusl
possiLlcvulucoI\
_
' y' z.
3O. PislLcscl 1,2,J, . . . , 14, 15}. II A ju , u_, u isusuLscloI PvLcic
u u_ u sucLlLul u ' 6u_ ' J u. HovmunysucLsuLsclsuiclLcicoI
P?
2J
J3.
J
cC
_

'
`
N
Wh0b
+=
?4
1. (-)
SingaporcMathcmaticalSocicty
SInguporcMuthcmutIcuIOIympud(SMO)Z
(ScnIorScctIonSoIutIon)

1'
'j
1~
'j
1
',
1' ' -
=) =} =
Zb
-
Zb
-
1OO4
Z Z / Z
...
Z Z

solhcsumolhcdigilsis5.
2. (C)
PioLuLilily-
_
`

, g _

`
,
, vhichuponsimplilculion
\ \ \ \1
`
yiclds(C)uslhcunsvci.
J. (-)
OLscivclhulcucholhclvonumLcisisdivisiLlcLy11,hcncclhcdicicnccis
ulsodivisiLlcLy1l. Hcncclhcicmuindciiszcio.
4 ()
Puiullclogium\XZishuloABC Tiiung!c!` \shulo \X/. Thus,
PX\isuquuilcio/BC. Hcncc()
5. (I)
Z0
|
Z0
b0

\ccxlcndlhcgivcnlguiclolhcuLovc,inlouncquilulciulliiunglc.Ilisnol
possiLlcloshovlhul Z!_R- O

.Hcncc, Z_Ro
-
JO

' 12O

6. (-)
2OO7 5-2OO2. Aisuucloio 2OO2und2OO2 2x 7 x11x1J.
25
Thcicuicullogclhci2x2x2x2 l6ucloiso Hovcvci,. muslcxcccd5. So,
. cunnolLcloi2. Hcncclhcicuic l4possiLlcchoiccso
uilhci,a,a
`
a

a|-lOO.
`olicclhul2OO7 4x5Ol
- J.
Hcncclhcsumcquuls5OlxlOO 7494J 5Ol99.
. ()
L
^cuoquudiilulciul \:, : ,|+\| sin45

.
2
\singCosincRulc,vchuvc
\
`
:
`
2\:cos 45

-
lO
`
(l)
:
`
,
`
- 2:,cos45

6
`
(2)
,
`
-|
`
- 2,|cos 45

=
`
(J)
\
`
-|
`
-2\|cos 45

=2
`
(4)
(l)-
|
2
)
(J)-(4):
2(\:- , :- , |-|\)cos 45

= lO
`
-6
`
-
`
-2
`
. lOO-J6-64-4
Hcnccuicu oquudnlulciul
-
Jl.
4
9. (C)
Lcl.3 \und ZP .3 0. ByusingCosincRulcundPylhugoius` Thcoicmvc
huvc
\
`
- a
`
-2a\cos 0

(2a)
`
\-acos 0
`
\-asin 0
`
= (Ja)
`
.
\coLluinLomlhcuLovclvocquulionslhul
26
\-Ja
urd
2a\ 2a\
\sirgsm0cos0 -l,vcLuvc

\-Ja
, g
\-5a
,
-
4a\
TLcicIoic\
|
-lOa\l7 a
|
O.
SoIvirg,vcLuvc \
-
,5l2.) , Lul sircc\ >a, vcLuvc \ =,5 2.) .
HcrcccosZ.P3- -
.
,solLcicquiicdurgIcis lJ5

.
2
lO. (I)
`olclLuln
:
l2r27 (n)(nJ). IoilLisrumLciloLcupiimc,cilLcin-
lO,irvLicLcuscn
:
l2r27 7 ; oin-2,ir vLicLcuscn
:
l2r27-7 .
SirccupiimcrumLcicurrolLcIucloiizcdirolLcivuys,vckrovlLul7 islLc
orIyursvci.
ll. /rsvci: o
Iog

Iog

(Iog|a)|-O impIics Iog

(Iog|a)l. HcrccIog|a-J,Lcrcca-64.
SimiIuiIy, /-l6urdc-. TLcicIica ~ / ~ c - o.
l2. /rsvci: l
l7

7 (mod lO)
l9

`-

`- (mod lO)
2J

7 (mod lO)
Sircc7 2 92 7-44l- l(modlO),lLcurildig1lisl.
lJ. -rsvci: 44
\sc lLcidcrlily\y-(\,)-2 l44-lOO-44.
(`olc: IrlLiscusc,orcmuy rolLcuLIclooLlu1r lLcursvciLygucss-urd-cLcck;
lLcvuIucsoI\urd, uicrolcvcricuIrumLcis)
l4. -svci: 2
2
\c Luvc
Iog,2l.4
yicIds `~`=2.
a /
l5. -rsvci. 5O
2
urd /= Hcrccdiicclcompululior
(Iog,2l.4)-4
l (sir25J"sir JlJ" sir l6J"sir22J")
-lOO(sir 7 J"sm47"-sirl7"sir4J")
-lOO(sir47 " cosl7" -cos47 " sir l7")
-lOOsm(47 "-l7 ")-lOOsir JO"
- 5O
l6. -rsvci: l5l2O
27
4

ToluI numLci oI icuiiungcmcnls --

-
l2l26O
-
l5l2O.
2` 2`2`
l7 . /nsvci: 99OO
SnccOcscvcn,O undcLuvclLcsumcpuily(clLciLolLoddoiLolLcvcn).
TLcicuiclOOoddundlOOcvcnnumLcisn S. OnccO undcuiccLoscn, /s
dclcimmcd.TLcnumLcioInice

suLsclss 2,
-
lOO(99)
-
99OO
l. -nsvci: O
`olclLul.
11
lsdvsLIcLy.lLyIucloiTLcoicm. Hcncc2

l-J2

lsdvsLIcLy J2l-JJ,.c. 2

lsdvsLIcLyJJ.
l9. -nsvci: 2l
LcllLcnumLcisLcnund nvLcicn- n.
nn- 5
n

-(nn,(n

n, 5(r n,sumuIlpIcoIlOO,lLuls,
5(rn,- I | Ioisomcnlcgci|. TLssmpIfcslo
29(r n,-5O|
Snccgcd(29,5O)-l,vcmuslLuvc nn- 5 )Ioisomcposlvcnlcgci).
SoIvnglLcuLovcsmuIluncousIyvlLn n 5 undLcuingn mnd lLulLolL
nundnuiclvodglnumLcis,onIyn-7 9undn 2lsuls{lLcqucslon.
TLuslLcsmuIIcinumLcis2l.
2O. -nsvci: l6
256sn lO

snJO

sn 5O

sn7 O

2256snlO

coslO

snJO

cos4O

cos2O

2cos I O

l2 sn 2O

cos 2O

cos 4O

2coslO

64sn 4O

cos 4O

2cos I O

J2snO

2cos I O

l6.
2l. -svci: 5l
\sngLnomuIlLcoicmlscusyloscclLul
2 2- = 52,
und lLul O 2- l, oi O2- l so lLul vc Luvc
5l 2 52.
2
22. -rsvci: J6
Lcla-ll-X urd/-lJ-X. HcrcclLccquulorLccomcs
a

+/

(a/ )

(l)
\srglLcLiromuIcxpursor
"

(a/)-a / + Ja/(a/),
Iquulior(l)Lccomcs
a/ (a /)- (2)
TLuslLcsoIulioroI(l)Lccomcs
a- O, /-O oia/ O
oicquivuIcrlIy, lLcsoIuloroIlLcoiigiruIcquulorLccomcsX- ll, l2oilJ.
Hcrcc A
]
X_X

ll
+
l2 lJ J6.
2J /nsvci: llO

.
CorsliuclucicumcicIcoIlLcliurgIc-BC, vlLOuslLcccrlicussLovr.
- -=--+----------==-+===--==--==++----++--=-++------+=-====+------+====-+-----+====-+-----+++==-++-----+~===-
`olclLul .-CB-O
Sircc OC OBurd .COB-6O .OCB -6O
^COBisurcquIulciuIliurgIc.
TLus.OC- -7 O-6O -lO -.O-C
Bul.^-C-lO (givcr). So-O^IicsorusliugLlIrc.
.-OC l6O .CO^-2O.
Srcc .^C--JO (givcr)urd.OC- -lO', lLus.^CO 2O TLulmcurs
^^COsursosccIcsliurgIcurd.^CB 7 O-JO 4O
SoB^islLcpcipcrdcuIuiLsccloioIlLc cquIulciuIliurgIc OBC.TLus
.OB^-6O 2- JO
.B^C-lO-4OJO -llJ
24. -rsvci: JJ4
29
. n

n

n

n n n
Givcr _ _ _ n LulvcLuvc _ _ _ n
So

,
=

TLusnmuslLcumuIlpIcoI6
2OO
TLcicuic JJ4 oIlLcm.
25. -rsvci: l2O

.
Ilsgvcr l. TLscurLcicuiiurgcdrlo/ /
/
C
/ l
ByusrgcosrciuIcIoiliurgIc, cos

:/ 2
HcrccC l2O

urdmuslLclLcgiculcslurgIc.
26.
-rsvci: JJ4
`umLcioIrlcgcisdvsLIcLylO

2OO.
`umLcioIrlcgcisdvsLIcLyl2 l6
`umLcioIrlcgcisdvsLIcLyLolLl2urdlO
2OO
=JJ.
.
6O
BylLcpircpIcoIrcIusorurdcxcIusor,lLcrumLcioIrlcgcisdvsLIcLy
clLcilOoil2(oiLolL)2OOl6-JJ JJ4.
2. /rsvci:l
\cLuvc/
-Iso, . -l.

l
l. Hcrcc

urd /

/
- l

l
Hcrcc .

urd +
.
/,:/ ., :.
srO2cos2
l
JO
2 -nsvci. lOO4
S
l l
L d mcc
, 2

-J

"

2 , l usvccons. ci

2 J
l

-
l
l
--:
!

-:
l

l
-~:
l-

--:
l-a
~

-
!

= -O
la
-
l-
l-a
-
l

00

x0l

2
- 2OO

007
lOO4
29. -nsvci. 4
\sclLcidcnlily
\~ ,.-(\,,. \. ) =-(\-,)(,-. )(\-. ) O , lLcunsvci
2
IoIIovsi :+cdiulcIy
JO -nsvci. l65
SupposinglLcicuic\

numLcissmuIIcilLuna

,\

numLcisLclvccna

unda

,:

numLcisLclvccna

unda_ und:

numLcisgiculcilLuna

IindinglLcnumLcioIpossiLIcsuLsclsoI/iscquivuIcnlloLndinglLcnumLci
oIinlcgcisoIulionsoIlLccquulion \

\_ \

l2 vilLlLccondilionslLul
: O,:

2 2,:

2 und: O
TLcnumLcioIsoIulionoIlLisIullcicquulioniscquivIcnllolLcnumLcioI
soIulionsoIlLccquulion ,

,_,
,vLcic,

,,

,,

und ,
uic
no:ncgulivcinlcgcis
HcncclLcunsvciis , l65
Jl -rsvci. J4
ByLinomiuIlLcoicm,oncsccslLul
\,\-,

2(\

6\,

)
TLuslLclislcquulionLccomcs
2(\

6\, ,

) 4ll2
\

6\,~ ,

=2O56
\-,

~\, =2O56
l6~\, 2O56
Jl
TLcicIoic,

\
`
-,
`
,`

\
`
-,
`
,`
4\
`
,
` = ll56
Hcncc \
`
- ,
`
=J4.
J2. /nsvci. 5
sin. cos.-sin. . .
Sincc tun.= , LyicuiiungmgvcoLtum
cos. cos .- sin.
sin.(cos. sm.)-cos.(cos. sin.)
sin.cos. cos.sin.-cos.cos. -sin.sin.
sin(. .)- cos(. .)
sin.-cos.
vLicLicduccsto
tun. l
TLcsmullcstpossiLlcoI .-45

,vLicLgivcs\- 5.
JJ. -nsvci: 25OO
ItisgivcntLutr isupositivcintcgci.
]00
Ioir < lOO, r -/

lOOn 5O5O,sotLutitsminimumvulucis4 5OvLicL

l=]
occuisutr- lOO.
] 00
Ioir lOO, r -/

r
`
-l1 r5O5O. II r isupositivcintcgci,itsminimum
l=]
vuluccunoccuiutcitLcir 5Ooir-5lonly. BydiicctcLccking,itsminimum
vulucis25OO.
J4. -nsvci. JJ4
2\ J,-2OO7 2\-2OO7 -J,-J(66 -,).
Sincc2undJuiciclutivclypiimc,itIollovstLut\ isdivisiLlcLy J. \iitc\ Jt,
vLcictisupositivcintcgci.
TLccquutionicduccsto , 66 2t.
Sincc66 -2t- O,vcLuvct JJ4.5,undsincct isupositivcintcgci,vcLuvc
l< tJJ4.
Convciscly,Ioiunypositivcintcgcitsutis{inglstJJ4,itiscusilysccntLut
(Jt,66-2t)isupuiioIpositivcintcgcisvLicLsutis{tLcgivcncquution.
TLcicIoictLcicuicJJ4puiisoIpositivcintcgcissutis{ingtLcgivcncquutions.
J2
J5. -nsvci.

`olclhul
2
_

_
IoiuIlmlcgcis

HcncclhcicquiicdsumcunLcIoundLylhcmclhodoIdIIcicncc

Hcncc 2 o
JJ
Sngapore Aathematca Socety
snapnrcMatncmateaici,mpad (sMc) Z
SenIov SectIon, Hound 2)
Satuvday, 30 June 2007
InstvuctIons to contestants
1. ~.-cr ~II ' ,.c-|o.-.
. :|o || ||c -|c,- . ,o.r or..,.
J. | ,.c-|o. rrc- 1U r..
,. \o |.||or- rc ||occ.
1 t IS IVC tut . ,. . uIC I ICu ULCIS SUC tut
,. .

" 0
! , ! ,. ! .
0930-1230
S It tIUC tut ut CuSt tWO O! tC tICC ULCIS LUSt C CQUu. JUStI! OUI
uSWCI.
!. OI u jOSItIVC ItCCI :, Ct ](:) UCOtCtC t jOSItIVC OSQUuIC ItCCI, I. C. ,

:
) !.

!
)
" I.

I
) 5
1)
" 0 CtC. !IOVC tut
](:):,n}
WCIC J ; UCOtCS tC ItCCI COSCSt tO J. OI CXuLjC, } :. } :.
} !. } !.
)
<
I. tC CQUIutCIu tIIuC !C ` ` uIC tC IUjOItS O! tC SIUCS ! C
ICSjCCtIVC. dC IC . ` ItCISCCtS tC CIICULCIICC O! /!C ut 1 uU 1 uU
tC ICS C 1 uU C1 LCCt tC IC ! ut ! uU ICSjCCtIVC. !IOVC tut
1 ! 1!.
1. dIIt tWO juIIS O! IUCtICu tWIS uIC ICU Uj I u 8 . 8 !OILutIO. !IOVC tut
It IS jOSSIC tO COOSC I! jCISOS, OC !IOL CuC juII O! tWIS, SO tut tCIC IS ut
CuSt OC COSC jCISO I CuC IOW uU I CuC COUL.
5. lIU tC LuXILUL uU LIILUL O! , SUC tut
, : 1, I.
I1
Sngapore Aathematca Socety
snapnrcMatncmateaici,mpad (sMc) Z
ScnIov ScctIon, Hound 2 SoIutIon-)
1. `CS. Ut!j!I Ot S!UCS (2r,)(2,.)(2.r) WC Ct
I

(r

,)(2,.)(2

.r) (,.)(2r,)(2.r) (.r)(2 .r)(2r,) 0

`OW ICuIU IuS u jOIOL!u !I r. C!ICC I0WCI r ,, r,!S u !uCtOI O!
I. C!L!uI, , .uIU .r uIC uSO !uCtOIS O! 1. C!ICC I!S O! UCICC `
I /(r,)(,.)(.r)
!OI SOLC COIStuIt / J Ctt!I r 1 , 1 . 0 WC uVC / 2. dUS
I 2(r,)(,.)(.r)
2. CCC JUI!OI CCCt!OI lOUIU 2 jUCSt!O0 5
`. CttCIuU!US O!tCC!ICULC!ICC C J 4|uIU!C CCI!1C C C. CtoC tC!OOt
O! tC jCIjCIU!CUuI !IOL C tO .L. dCI o`,2 | 1o |
,| Ilo |3|. dUS 1.1o.o(3)|. C!ICC
:!.1 ' :!1CuIU 1C | WC uVC !.,!1 .1,1C (1),4
!

C., !. (1)!1,4. dUS ! !.. !.1.2!.!1

(1)!12uIU 1 !!1 (`)!1,2 dCIC!OIC ! !1J..
C!L!uI, 11. dUS ! 1 !1.
C
1
`5
S-oo1 so/o|oo. `OtC tut .!C1 .C!1 uIU .!1C00`. dUS .!C1
.!C! .C!1 .!C1=180` .!1C 120`. dIS ILjICS tut .!C=
180`.C!.!C 120`.!C1 .!C!,uIUtCIC!OIC /!C /!!C.
dUS, C,!C !,!C !C ,!!, I.C.,

,,

= _,

,
=
_,
`OW SIICC
11 || !C, IS uSO LIUjOIIt uOI tC uIC O! 11. dUS, .1C = .C1. J
tC uIC ISCCtOI tCOICL OI /!C, WC uVC C,C! ,!. !OLIIII,

.
!

! WC Ct

.

. C. ,
.
.
4. CUjjOSC OI tC COItIuI tut tIS IS IOt jOSSIC. `C Su tut u IOW OI u COULI
IS oo-r-1I! It COItuIIS OIC O! tC COSCI jCISOIS. !OOSC `2 jCISOIS SO tut tC
tOtuIULCIO!COVCICU IOWS uIUCOUDIS IS LuXILUL. `ItOUt OSS O! CICIuIt,
uSSULC tut COULI 1 IS IOt COVCICU. dCI IO juII O! tWIIS CuI C II COUDI 1.
dC COUItCIjuItS O! tCSC ^ jCISOISLUSt C COSCI. J tC LuXILuIt COIUItIOI,
tCSC ^ jCISOIS LUSt C tC OI COSCI jCISOIS CItCI II tCII IOW OI COULI. ! u
IOW COItuIIS OI 1COSCI jCISOI, tCI tCIC uIC 0OtCI jCISOIS |CXCUUII tOSC
II COULI 1)II tut IOW WO uIC IOt COSCI. CIICC `2 jCISOIS uIC IOt COSCI, WC
uVC ut LOSt 4SUC IOWS. CILIuI, tCIC uIC ut LOSt `SUC COULIS uIU WC uVC
u COItIuUICtIOI CCuUSC WC uVC ^ SUC IOWS OI COULIS.
o1so/o|oo. `C SOW tut ut LOSt 10_CISOIS uIC ICCUCU. `OtC tut I! u SCt O!
jCOjC COVCI u tC IOWS uIU COULIS, tCI tC WI StI uVC tC SuLC jIOjCIt
I! tWO IOWS OI tWO COULIS uIC IItCICuICU. dUS I! tC COIIUIutIOI OtuIICU
IItCICuIII SOLC juIIS O! IOWS uIU SOLC juIIS O! COULIS CuI C COVCICU
u SCt O! jCOjC, tCI tC SuLC SCt O! jCOjC WI COVCI tC OIIIIu COIIUIutIOI

`C uSO Ct ., UCIOtC tC COIIUIutIOI OtuIICU UCCtII tC IISt IOWS uIU

COULIS O! tC OIIIIu COIIUIutIO. lCt US UCIOtC u jCISOI |u,u I! C IS II
tC u-t COULI u-t IOW. !OOSC (1,1). I ._ tCIC IS u jCISOI WO IS IOt tC
COUItCIjuIt O! (1,1). `ItOUt OSS O! CICIuIt, Ct tIS C (2,2). CCCCt (2,2).
I CICIu, I! IO tWO O! (1,1), ,2,2), , ,,, 0 uIC tWIIS, tCI II , tCIC
IS u jCISOI WO IS IOt uLOI tCII COUItCIjuItS. Ct tIS jCISOI C ( 1, 1)
uIU COOSC tIS jCISOI. I tIS Wu, WC CuI COOSC ,,, = 1,2,. . . ,0. CIOtC
tC COUItCIjuItS O! tCSC 0 jCISOIS . uIU tC IISt 0 jCISOIS O! tC t uIU
^t IOWS uIU COULIS _, , ,, _, ICSjCCtIVC. Ct |. ,[u,

dCI
i_ i i,i_ _ 0, .SSULC tut i_ _ i _ i, i_. CUjjOSC i_ 0. !OOSC
|, uIU COOSC u jCISOI II uIU u jCISOI II _WO uIC IOt tWIIS uIU uIC IOt
tC COUItCIjuIt O! |, ,. dCSC u jCOjC WI COVCI u tC IOW uIU COUDIS. !
i_ 0, tCI i _ ` i, _ 2uIU i_ _ 1 dCI tCIC CXISt ,,SUC tut, .,
1,2,` 4uIU IOt tWO O! ,,,,, uIC tWIIS. !OOSC tCSC 4jCISOIS uS WC
uIU tC 10COSCI jCOjC WI COVCI u tC IOWS uIU COULIS.
`0
5. `C uVC
'
,
,
I ( : I,+ I,
1
,
I _ !, :
,
!
,
I.
uIU

= ,) : I
,
1 I,+ !, :
,
!.
Ct 1 ,. CI WC uVC
!|:!| I _ 0 - I,_ | _ I ,
uIU !| 1| : _ 0 1 _ : . 1 _ : I,..
CIICC | _ 0, tC LuXILUL VuUC IS I uIU tC LIIILUL Vu!UC IS : =
`OtC tut tC LuXILUL VuUC IS uttuIICU tC SOUtIOI O!
- , I . uIU !: I
,
1
WIC tC LIIILUL IS uttuIICU tC SOUtIOI O1
, " : uIU , I
,
1 0.
I
Sngapore Nathematca Socety
C1DgujOIC uDCDu1Cu !jDj1uO [C!] Z
Oen Sect!on, Hounu l)
Veunesuay, 30 May 2007 0930-l200
Instvuct!ons to contestants
1. Ausuer AII .J ues|ious.
.. lri|e our ousuers iu ||e ousuer s|ee| proni1e1 ou1 s|o1e ||e opproprio|e |u||/es
|e/ou our ousuers
,. No s|eps ore uee1e1 |o ]us|ij our ousuers.
. oc| ues|iou corries 1 mor/.
J. No co/cu/o|ors ore o//oue1.
1. Lot . lo any |-olomont sulsot of tho sot 1, 2, 3, 1, 1OO). Dotormino tho mini-
mum valuo of | such that wo can aways uarantoo tho oxistonco of two numlors o
and |in A such that o- || _ 1.
2. Dotormino tho numlor of thoso O-1 linary soquoncos of ton O`s and ton 1`s which
do not contain throo O`s toothor.
3. Lot lo tho sot of any 20 points on tho circumforonco of a circlo. Joinin any two
points in . producos ono chord of this circlo. Supposo ovory throo such chords aro
not concurront. Iind tho numlor of roions within tho circo which aro dividod ly
all thoso chords.
1. In oach of tho foowin -diit natural numlors:
1001011,'''0000,3838383 ,
ovory diit in tho numlor appoars at oast 3 timos. Iind tho numlor of such -diit
natura numlors.
'. Lot . 1, 2, 3, , . . . , 1000. Lot n lo tho numlor of 2oomont sulsots o, | of .
such that o | is divisilo ly 0. Iind tho valuo of n}10 . Horo and in sulsoquont
quostions J ] donotos tho roatost intoor oss than or oqual to J. ,
0. Iind tho numlor of non-noativo intoor soutions of tho foowin inoquality:
J + + , O 20.
38
. In Low many dinoiont ways can dinoiont iizos lo awaidod to studonts in sucL
a way that oach studont Las at oast ono iizo
8. Lot ..C lo any tiiano. Lot 1 and 1 lo tLo oints iosoctivoy in tho somonts
of .. and .C sucL that .1 1. and .1 101C. Assumo tLat .1 and
C1 moot at oint 4. Dotoimino |, wLoio |is tLo ioal numloi sucL that .4
| Z 41
J Lot 1 2 3, 1 , 0 A 3-olomont sulsot c,'. of is said to lo guud if
c + ' + is divisilo ly 3. Dotoimino tLo numloi of 3-oomonts ol wLicL aio
ood.
10. Lot ,.

.

, )|g; lo ositivo intoois satisfyin , +

+ )
0; 200
Dotoimino tho aiost ossilo vauo of ( ++
+ (
0;

11 Dotoimino tho aiost vauo of c sucL tLat c satisnos tho oquations c 'c3c+ = 0
and ' + 'c c + o 0 foi somo ioa numlois ' and .
1 Iotoimino tho numloi of distinct intoois amon tLo numlois
200
,
200
13. Iotoimino tLo numloi of aiis c. ') of intoois witL 1 _ ' c _ 200 sucL that
tLo sum c + ')+ c')+ c' + cJ' is a squaio of a numloi.
1. TLis quostion has loon dolotod.
1. In an acuto-anod tiiano ..C oints 1 1 and 1 aio tLo foot ol tho oion-
diculais fiom .. and C onto .C .C and .. iosoctivoly. Suoso sin .
and .C - 3J nnd tLo ontL of . wLoio 1 is tLo intoisoction .1 with .1.
Io. Lot O lo tLo contio of tLo ciicumciiclo ol / ..C 1 and tLo midoints of AO
and .C iosoctivoy. Suoso .C.. !zO1 and . .C1 - ozO1. lind
tLo sizo ol .O1 in doroos.
3J
I. In /A1C, AC ` A1, tLo intoina ano Lisoctoi of zA moots 1C at 1, anJ 1
is tLo foot of tLo oionJicuai fiom 1 onto AD. Suoso A1 , 11 1 anJ
A1 3. IinJ tLo vauo of tLo oxiossion

r:
I. IinJ tLo vauo of
4
_ tan 2| I,.
/~1
IJ. IinJ tLo iaJius of tLo ciico insciiLoJ in a tiiano of siJo ontLs 0, I20, I0.
20. Suoso tLat 0 c ' c d 2c anJ
IinJ 'cd] c`.

c 9 c
dc) c'c).
'c c' dc
2I. Lot
!
Lo a function so tLat
!'-`

')
o
Z J
foi a ( ` 0, wLoio o Jonotos oaiitLm Laso I0. IinJ ],1000, .
22 Lot O Lo an intoiioi oint of /A1C. IxtonJ AO to moot tLo siJo 1C at 1.
Simiaiy, oxtonJ EO anJ CO to moot CA anJ A1 iosoctivoy at L anJ F. If
AO 30, FO 20, EO 00, DO I0 anJ CO 20, hnJ Lc.
23. Ioi oacL ositivo intooi n, ot c, Jonoto tLo numLoi of nJiit intoois foimoJ Ly
somo oi a of tLo Jiits 0, I, 2, anJ 3 wLicL contain noitLoi a Locl of I2 noi a
Locl of 2I. Ivauato c,.
21. Lot C Lo any nonomty sot of | intoois. IinJ tLo smaost vauo of | foi wLicL
tLoio aways oxist two Jistinct intoois J anJ g in C sucL tLat ( g oi ( g is
JivisiLo Ly 200.
2. Lot 1 Lo a 10-siJoJ convox oyon. IinJ tLo numLoi of tiianos C foimoJ Ly tLo
voiticos of 1 sucL tLat any two voiticos of C aio soaiatoJ Ly at oast two otLoi
voiticos of 1.
10
Sngapore Nathematca Socety
C1DgujOIC u!DCDu!1Cu !jDj1uO [C!] Z
[Oen Secton, Hounu l So!uons)
I. Ans: 2I
If Ais tho sot of mutilos of ' in {I, 2, 3,

I00}, thon ,A, 20 anJ ,o~ ,_ ' foi
ovoiy two numlois in A. Thus, if A, 20, tho oxistonco such two numlois cannot
lo uaiantooJ. Howovoi, if ,A,

21, ly tho ioonholo iincio, thoio must lo two
numlois o.in ono of tho foowin twonty sots:
{I,2,3, ,'},{0,,,J,I0},,{J0,J,J,JJ,I00},
anJ so ,o,_ . Thus tho answoi is 2I.
2 Ans. 2 00
In such a linaiy soquonco, 0`s oithoi aoai sinly oi in locks of 2 If tho soquonco
has oxactly n llocks of Joulo 0`s, thon thoio aio I0 2n sino 0`s. Tho numloi
of such linaiy soquoncos is
Thus tho answoi is
3. Ans: '030
II _ II n
.
n I0 2n

2
II _ II n

2 00.
n I0 2n
D~
ConsiJoi such a nuio as a ano iah (. Thon tho answoi is oqual to tho numloi
of intoiioi facos of (. Tho numloi of voiticos in ( is 20 +
,
'). Tho sum of all
Joioos is
20 X 2I + X
2

|
anJ so tho numloi of oJos in ( is
I0 X 2I + 2 X
2

|
.
Honco tho numloi of intoiioi facos, ly Euloi`s formua, is
+ I X Z1 Z + I " b.
I
S-ov1Solcttov: Lot lo tLo numloi of sucL ioions witL

oints on tLo ciicum-

foionco TLon

anJ in onoia, foi ! _ ,

,
t(v
t). TLis can lo oltainoJ as folows. Suoso tLoio aio

oints o,,...,o, in
tLat oiJoi on tLo ciicumloionco. TLo cLoiJs foimoJ ly o_,...,o,cioato ioions.
TLo cLoiJ o,o aJJs ono ioion. TLo cLoiJ o,o aJJs

ioions as
tLis cLoiJ intoisocts tLo oxistin cLoiJs in X

,)oints. Simiaiy, tLo cLoiJ

o,o, aJJs

ioions, otc. Iiom tLis, it is oa_ to sLow tLat

,,
v

,
)

,

,,

,, ,

,,

,

,

,,

.
Ans:
If only ono Jiit aoais, tLon tLoio aio sucL numlois. If tLo two Jiits tLat
aoai aio lotL nonzoio, tLon tLo numloi of sucL numlois is

If ono of two Jiits tLat aoai is

tLon tLo numloi of sucL numlois is

,,

Honco tLo answoi is

Ans:

Lot
.,

[| ; .` , |}: .,[| C .` |,;|}: .

| ; . ` ,|,;|}.
Noto tLat
,.,,

,.

,.
, -

Ioi tLo ioJuct oX to Lo JivisiLlo Ly oitLoi

i, ono oi LotL of tLom aio in A

oi

ii, ono is in AanJ tLo otLoi is in A

`
. Honco
Ans:

: .X

lot U

, J g Z o). TLon U _

if anJ only if J g Z u

Honco
tLo answoi is oqual to tLo numLoi of non-nogativo intogoi solutions of tLo folowing
oquation:
) g Z H U

anJ tLo answoi is

.
.
,

Ans:

LitLoi ono stuJont iocoivos tLioo iizos; oi two stuJonts aio oacL awaiJoJ two iizos.
TLus tLo answoi is
X `

X _ X

Ans:
Assumo tLat TLon, | anJ Sinco
|.
Ans: ..
Ioi

ot
.

A, |

,|,).
TLon ,A,,A_, anJ ,A,It can Lo sLown tLat oc) if anJ
only if oitLoi o,,c) A, foi somo oi o,,c)A, = , foi al TLus
tLo answoi is
.
I0. Ans: .
Wo may assumo

_ 1q;. Ior with ,. wo ha

Thus whon

!)qq anJ 1; tho oxrossion ,

attains its maxiium vauo of IJ0J .
Ans: J
Sulstituting tho nrst oquation . . into tho soconJ oquaion. we have
. so that C .1). That moans anJ C aro roof- of
tho quaJratic oquation -..., 0. Thus its Jiscriiinant
/ -. ... ) 0 or oquivalonty 1 ,.J. Ior .
. J satisnos tho two oquations. Thus tho argost vauo of .is J.
I2. Ans:

Lot . /200|. Noto that ,if anJ ony if

2000/2 00 . Sinco, .0, anJ 0q '0I, wo soo that .. , 0q assumo
all tho vauos from 0 to '0I. Wo also concuJo that 0, ... , 0_qq; aro mutuay
Jistinct intogors. Thoroforo tho answor is '02
.

Ans: 11,
Sinco tho numlor . ... . is a orfoct squaro
with anJ 1 roativoy rimo, tho numlor .must lo a orfoct squaro. Lot
.

As .tho numlor

_ 2 so that .

200. Irom this, .can

lo JotorminoJ onco anJ

aro choson. Honco, it sumcos to count tho nuilor of

airs of

satisfying

200 with _ 1 anJ

2. Honco tho answor is

200/2
...
,ccJ1+ II2.
. This quostion has loon JolotoJ.
I'. Ans: '2
Iirst wo know that A1 A1 cos A anJ AF AC cos A. By cosino ruo, 1
A1 2A1 ` AF cos A cos A,A1 + AC 2A1 ` AC cos A)
1C cos A. Thoroforo 11 1C cos A. It is oasy to soo that A, 1 1, 1 io
on a circo with Jiamotor A1. Thus A1 1C cot A ` _
c11


10. Ans: I2
Lot ! lo tho miJoint of cC. Thon Ic !c !Q. Lot ZcIQ .. Thon
zIc! 2Z| anJ Z|cA 2ZC I2. Also, Z!cQ ZA J0 -T0..
follows that ZIQc J0 ( I0 -I 0.) . anJ thoiofoio Ic cQ.
Thus /cQ! is oquilatoial, so Z!cQ I0 T0. 00 anJ . I2.
L
1. Ans: 3
Lot 11 ., AC c 5 anJ C1 U. Thon B1 .`
anJ cos ZCA1
cos ZUA1 3J5. Ey tho cosino iulo alioJ to /A1C, wo havo u
,
(3 .)`
2
c` 2c(3 .)(3J5). Isin tho anlo lisoctoi thooiom, wo havo . Thus
25|
(3 .)`

c` 2c(3

.)(3J5)
c`(10 + .`)
.
This can lo simlihoJ to (c` 25).` 30(c 5). 3(c 5) 0. Sinco c . 5,
wo can cancol a common fa(toi (c 5) to ot (c 5).` 30. 3(c 5) 0, oi
oquivalontly (. 3)((c +5). 3(c 5)) 0. Thus . 3(c 5)J(c +5) Iiom
this wo oltain
.
'

11
_

_
. 3.

.
'
-.

_

_
!. Ans: 1
Noto that tan J0 9) 1J tan9 foi 0 9 J0anJ that tho ioJuct is ositivo.
Sottin ) 40 |,
__ __
1
_ tan 2| l) _ tan J0 2) l))
__
C
1.
.

. U

:
tan 2 I)
45
19. Ans: 20
Tho triano is a riht triano with aroa A ' ` 1202 300. Tho somiporimotor
is S ` '0 + 120 +130) 1'0. Honco tho inraJius is A,S 20.
20. Ans: 4
Sot
anJ
M

o
,

,
c

Thon u
- ''
u
''''

'
anJ honco u.for somo . _ 0. Thus
o c oc
o c
Honco ,ocJoJc,i.o. o,,c,!is a oomotric prorossion o,ro,ro,r
`
o 2o.
Now coJo
`
r

r
`
)4.
21. Ans: 2
Puttin 1 in paco of in tho ivon oquation yioJs
Sovin for ), wo oltain ) o. Honco J000) 2.
22. Ans: 20
Wo havo
Thus
OD
AD
BOc OE AOc
ABc

ABc BE
OD O! OI
AD
+
BE
+
cI
1
40
OI AOB|
cI ABc
OE 20.
23. Ans. 30
Ior f _ . amon tho o,such intoors, ot ,Jonoto tho numlor ol thoso that
onJ with 1. Ey symmotry, tho numlor ol thoso that onJ with 2 is aso oqua to
,. Aso tho numlor ol thoso that onJ with 0 or aro loth o,_. Thus
Amon tho ,intoors that onJ with 1, tho numlor ol thoso that onJ with 11 is
,., whio tho numlor ol thoso that onJ with 01 or 31 aro loth o,. Thus
'n 'n1 ~'n2-
Sovin, wo ot o,o,_+2:,

Sinco o, anJ o 10, wo ot o, 330.
24. Ans: 100
lartition a tho ossilo romainJors whon JiviJoJ ly 2000 as loows:
,0), ,1, 2000), ,2, 300)
, . . . , ,1003, 1004).
Suoso has 100 oomonts. Il has two oomonts with thoir Jinoronco Jivisilo
ly 200, wo aro Jono. Othorwiso tho oomonts ol havo Jistinct romainJors whon
JiviJoJ ly 200. Ey tho ioonhoo rincio, has two intoors whoso sum is
Jivisilo ly 200. Tho sot {1, 2, . . . , 1004 Joos not havo 2 oomonts, (, g such that
( g or ( - g is Jivisilo ly 200.
2. Ans: 040
Ior lottor unJorstanJin, wo consiJor tho onora caso whon I has f vorticos,
whoro f _ 9. Vo nrst count tho numlor ol such trianos lavin a articuar
vortox . . Tho numlor is
,

). This can lo oltainoJ as loows. Lot tho triano

lo ..C orJoroJ cockwiso. Thon . has a olt` noihlour anJ C has a 'riht'
noihlour. Tho ocation ol ol . anJ C aro uniquoy JotorminoJ ly thoir noih-
lours. EosiJos ., ., C anJ tho two vorticos to tho olt anJ two vorticos to tho
riht ol .. tho two noihlours can lo choson lrom tho romainin f - vorticos.
Thus tho roquiroJ answor is
,

) 040.
4
Sngapore Nathematca Socety
C1DgujOIC uDCDu1Cu !jDj1uO (C!) Z
Oen Sect!on, Hounu 2)
Satuvuay, 30 June 2007 0930-l230
Instvuct!ons to contestants
1. nsucr 11 a ucsttons.
:. o/ou all t/c stcs tn our uorltn.
,. 1ac/ ucstton cacs 1U marl.
. `o calculators arc alloucJ.
1. Lot :, :,, . . . , :, lo f roa numlors whoso sguaros sum to 1 lrovo that for any
intoor l _ 2, thoro oxists f intoors , ,, . . . , .,, oach with alsouto vauo_ lJ
anJ not a 0, such that
2
'z~z L
8 1

]
=
t~1
2. If :, a_, .. .:, aro Jistinct intoors, rovo that ( :)( :,,. . . ( :,) 1
cannot lo oxrossoJ as a roJuct of two oynomias, oach with intoor coomcionts
anJ of Joroo at oast 1.
3. Lot A, | lo two oints on tho laso A| of an isoscoos triano A|C, with .C `
00, such that .A C| - .A|C. circo oxtornay tanont to tho circumcirco
of /A|C is tanont to tho rays CA anJ C| at oints A, anJ |,, rosoctivoy.
lrovo that A
,
|, 2A|.
. Lot l lo tho sot of ositivo intoors, i. o., l {I, 2, . ..}. IinJ a functions ) l -
l such that
)()() + ),v)) + f
for a H, f C ..
o. IinJ tho arost ositivo intoor such that is Jivisilo ly a tho ositivo intoors

1
Sngapore NatIematca Socety
C1DgujOIC uDCDu1Cu !jDj1uO [C!] Z
[Oen Sec!on, Hounu Z Souons)
1. Without oss of onoraity, wo may assumo that al tho a, aro ositivo, oso wo ]ust
chano tho sin of ,. Sinco
wo havo __
,
a, n. Thoro aro /
,
intoor soquoncos (/,, /,, .. , /,) satisfyin
+ _ /, / 1 anJ for oach such soquonco wo havo + _ _ a,/, ( /1) . Now
JiviJo tho intorval ,+, ( / 1) into /
,
1 oqua arts. Ey tho ioonholo rincilo,
thoro must oxist 2 nonnoativo soquoncos (,,,,,, ... ,,,) anJ (,,,, ... ,.,) such
h t
.
''" S

f h Jt ! a a,), a,,

.
, . ot , - )
,-., to satis y t o con r ron.
Z. Suoso to tho contrary that (.a,)(.~ a,)

(.a,) 1 )(.)(.) for somo
olynomias )(.) anJ (.) with intoor coomcionts anJ Jo ()(.)), Jo ((.)) _ I.
Thon )(a,)(a,) 1 for I, 2, ... ,n imlios that )(a,) I anJ (a,) I
or )(a,) 1 anJ (a,) 1. Thoroforo, if wo sot /(.) )(.) + ), thon
/(a,) + for al i 1,2, ... ,n. As Jo (/(.)) _ max(Jo)),Jo))) n,
tho oynomia oquation /(.) + cannot havo n Jistinct roots. It folows that /(.)
must lo tho zoro olynomial. Thus )(.) (.), anJ thoroforo
for al roal valuos of . But this oaJs to a contraJiction sinco wo can chooso a vauo
for aro onouh so that (.a,)(.a,) ... (.-a,)1 is ositivo.
?uJ -o/utiou. \ start o as in tho nrst soution. Thon instoaJ of Jonnin /(.), wo
rocooJ as foows. Lot )(a,) 1,1_ i / anJ )(a,) 1, / + I_ t_n. Thon,
(a,) 1, 1 _ i_ / anJ (a,) I, / + 1 _ i _ n. Thoroforo Jo ()(.) 1)
oey)(.) _ max(/,n /) _ . Simiarly Jo(r) __. Howovor
Jo )(.)+oey(.) n, anJ thus n is ovon with Jo )(.) oey(.) / " . Thus
)(.) 1 ',
'
.a,)(.a,)

(.a
.
), anJ (.)+1 ',(.-a,)(.a,)
(.a
.
)
for somo ',, ', a. Toothor wo ot )(.)(.) + )(.) (.)I ',,(.a,) (.
a,)

(.a
.
)
,
. Ey comarin coomciont of tho .
,
torm, ',', I. This ivo us
)(.)1 (.) + 1. Simiarly, wo havo )(.) + 1 (.) 1, a contraJiction

1J
3. Lot tho oint of contact of tho two circos lo D. Iirst wo show that ., 1 DU
B, aro coinoar. Lot tho common tanont at D moot c . at D and c B at F. I
..Bc | .c.B .._cB_, ..cB C, .._cD . and .B_cD g.
Thon .g |ad!| C 10 Wo havo .D B_. ...B,D E g. Thoroforo,
ly considorin DB,BF, .BFD !.. Honco .EDB, . and consoquonty,
.B_DB, .g | This imlios that ._, D and B, aro collinoar. Simiarly
.,, D and B_ aro coinoar. Thon .,Bc ` ._cB_, and c.B_ ._cB_,
whonco ._Bc c.B_. Thus .c].B_ ._B,Bc and Bc
,
._B .B_,
sinco .c Bc. Aso ..,B_ B._B,. Thus .B_].., BB,]._B and
whonco .. ._B .B_. Thus B is tho midoint of cB,. Sinco .B ,,.,B,, wo
havo .,B, .B as roquirod.
C
:u1 so|utiou. Lot i_ lo tho circumcirco of ._B_c and its contro lo O,, ot
tho othor circo ! , has contor O,, and tho oint of contact of tho two circos lo
D. Now sinco c., and cB, aro tanont to l,, wo havo c., cB,. Toothor
with c. cB, wo havo .., BB,. This imios that ^c.B ` c.,B,
and .B , .,B,. Now ..,O,B, 10 ..cB .c.B .._cB,
.._O_B_. Thus, isoscoos trianos ._O,B_ and .,O,B, aro simiar. Sinco .B

,
.,B,, .,O_ ,, O,B,, also noto that O_DO, is a straiht ino. Thoroforo, wo havo
.._B_D .._ O_D .DO,B, .D .,B,. This imlios that B_D ., is a
straiht ino. Similarly, . D B, is a straiht ino. Now wo ot _ intorsocts c .
and cB at D and F rosoctivoy, and lot D._ intorsocts FB_ at c. Ey Pasca`s
Thoorom on l_ and tho hoxaons cFB_D._D, wo havo .,, c and B, collinoar.
Usin tho fact that .cB_ ` c._B, ` B_._c, wo havo .c._B, .D._.
.DcB_ .c._B_. Simiarly, .cB_., .cB_._. This imlios that c is tho
imao of c undor ronoction of ino .B. Sinco c is on .,B,, .,B, is twico as far
as .B nom c. Thus, .,B, .B.
0
JJ 8U/uI|Uu. Lot ! , lo tho circumcirco of ^A,B,canJ its contro lo O, , ot tlo
othor circo lhas contor O. Now sinco cAanJ cBaro tanont to l, wo havo
cA cB. This imios that ^cAB ^cAB. Lot us orform invorsion
with contor canJ raJius cA. Lot tho imao of A, ,A,B, ,BunJor this invorsion
lo A,A,B,Brosoctivoy. A,HanJ cromain invariant. Tho invorsion koos
ovory ino that assos throuh c invariant. Now tho imao of tho ino AA, B, B
is tho circumcirco of ^cAB, ot it lo ! _
,
anJ tho imao of ! , is tho ino A,B ,.
Thus tlo imao of l is tanont to A, B, , Ac anJ Bc anJ is thus tho incirco
of ^ABc anJ touchos tho siJos Ac anJ Bcat A anJ B, rosoctivoy. Thus
cA _ cF _ ,
h
.
h
.
l th t
A,
_
F,
. A J B th
cA cF
j
`
w rc rm ros a
cA cF

. onco an aro o
miJoints of AcanJ Bc, rosoctivoy. Thus AB ..:.
4. \o show that
|
is tho iJontity function. Iirst wo olsorvo that
|
is an in]octivo
function:
|

|
.


|

|
.


|
.
|
.


!|

|
.

`

!|
.
|
.
`
- ..

.
- .
Lot

. i lo arlitrary. Irom tho oriina oquation, wo havo tho oquations

| |
.|i

.
i
.

. anJ
| ||

.
Sinco
|
is in]octivo, wo havo
|
1)
| i

| |
or
| i |

| | i
.
This charactorizos
|
as an arithmotic rorossion, so wo may writo ,

.

|

whoro |
|
:

anJ is tho common Jinoronco. Tho oriina oquation
locomos |

,|

,|

. .

:, .. which siminos to
,.| ?I )

.. Comarin coofcionts, wo concuJo that I 1

anJ |
i
. Thus
|
.

. as caimoJ. Coary, this function satisnos tho oriina
functiona oquation.

i
. t ISWt S J ZU.
t! ], ]. , ... Dt !t |ItS ;IIuHtG I IC(SI OIGtI. t!1\HiS O-!!i.
Wt Vi `, Z[, IO n t j ,, !- VC Vt Z[ j
/
^[
2
WC
)|tS ll U[]/, )} ~ )/ l
t! _ IOI SOH( / .. `O!i !! , IOI t 1. Z, ... , /. `||O-t
/ _ . !tI _ I1. `Ii( I1 . Z
` uIG 1I ~
2
. Wt Vt Z`` , J. `ICt
/ _ ' '
G
\]!)l1)l 2
Z` I uII !- .`
2
]
2
J'. S )tIS Wt Vt
'
Z
/'!/ |1'.2
~ _ ~ )l `- IJ]\IH ] . Wi S iOIl-
GC!OI.- / ' uIG 11 OI J` 1O1.
`t! VI IO!i( !! !t IHttI . S G1V-!i !\ |OSIVt I!ti- _ , !HS
.| _ ZU ~ . ! !tI IOOW !u! .I - GV-!t !\ Z
e

e
'
e
ZU.
I\. -U||O-t _ . \ !t Vt Z

` e
_2
' .|. .i .. J` _ Z`
2
ZZ,
Wi - H tO!uGC!OI SIit J l'1. J- '.- O J Z. `ICt ZU J uIG
,` ZU. Wt Vt .l - ZU.
,!tJI!Vi\. -IC( .I 1O11 uU ZU J. Wt OI\ H`tG !O itCI !t CuSt- .I
Z'I ^. 1ZUU.