Switches

Transfer Switch Definitions
A A device device which which transfers transfers electrical electrical loads between loads between two two
dissimilar dissimilar sources sources of power by using either manual or of power by using either manual or
automatic controls. automatic controls.
UTILITY UTILITY LOAD LOAD GENERATOR GENERATOR
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30 Amperes 30 Amperes
4000 Amperes 4000 Amperes
Automatic Transfer Switches
What Are The Codes & Standards

What Are The Codes & Standards
UL, CSA, IEC, NFPA, IEEE, ANSI

UL, CSA, IEC, NFPA, IEEE, ANSI
Standards That Cover Transfer
Switches
SDO St an d ar d TS Fo c u s Pr i m ar y Us e r s
A NSI A NSI / UL 1008 Saf et y Go v t A g en c i es
UL UL 1008 Saf et y
El ec t . I n s p ec t o r s ,
Des i g n er s
CS A C22. 2 No .178 Saf et y
Des i g n er s
EGS A EGS A 100S Per f o r m an c e Des i g n er s
I SO / I EC I EC 60947-6- 1 Saf et y In t l A g en c i es
I EEE Co l o r B o o k s Per f o r m an c e Des i g n er s
NEM A I CS-10 Per f o r m an c e Des i g n er s
NFP A
NFP A
20, 70, 99, 110
Saf et y
Des i g n er s
The UL Qualifications of Transfer Switches
UL 1008 Automatic Transfer Switches
UL 67 - Panelboards
UL 98 - Enclosed and Deadfront Switches
IEEE, NEMA ICS. 10 IEEE, NEMA ICS. 10- -199 199 (replaced 2 (replaced 2- -
447) and 447) and EGSA EGSA: : An Automatic An Automatic
Transfer Switch is Transfer Switch is self self- -acting acting equipment equipment
for transferring for transferring one or more load one or more load
conductor connections conductor connections from one power from one power
source to another source to another. .
UL UL- -1008 1008: : 1.4 A transfer switch as covered by 1.4 A transfer switch as covered by
these requirements is a device that these requirements is a device that automatically automatically
transfers transfers a common load from a normal supply to a common load from a normal supply to
an alternate supply in the event of failure of the an alternate supply in the event of failure of the
normal supply, normal supply, and automatically returns the load and automatically returns the load
to the normal to the normal supply when the normal supply is supply when the normal supply is
restored. restored.
UTILITY LOAD GENERATOR
Comparison of UL 1008 / UL98 /
UL67
Requirement UL1008 UL98 UL67
Overload 6 x Rating 1.5 x Rating Not Reqd
Post O.L.
Temp Rise
Yes Not Reqd Not Reqd
Endurance 6000 w/ Load 6000 w/ Load No Load
Dielectric Yes Yes Not Reqd
Withstand 10Ka > 100A 5Ka Minimum Calculated
Close-on Same Test
Sample
Untested
Sample
Not Reqd
IEEE Color Book Series
Transfer Switch Requirements
Gray Book (IEEE Std 241) - Emergency Power
Systems in Commercial Buildings
Chapter - Chapter 5: Power Distribution
Apparatus
Orange Book (IEEE Std 446) - Emergency &
Standby Power Systems for Industrial &
Commercial Applications
Chapter - Chapter 6: Protection
White Book (IEEE Std 602) - Electric Systems in
Health Care Facilities
Chapter 5: Emergency Power
NFPA Transfer Switch
Requirements
NFPA 20 - Fire Pumps
NFPA 70 - National Electric Code
Article 700 - Emergency Systems
Article 701 - Legally Required Standby
Systems
Article 702 - Optional Standby Systems
Article 517 - Health Care Facilities
NFPA 99 - Health Care Facilities
NFPA 110 - Emergency & Standby Systems
Seven Major Functions of an
Seven Major Functions of an
Automatic Transfer Switch
Automatic Transfer Switch
Carry Current Continuously

Carry Current Continuously
Detect Power
Detect Power
Failures
Failures
Initiate Alternate Source

Initiate Alternate Source
Transfer
Transfer
Load
Load
Sense Restoration of Normal

Sense Restoration of Normal
Re
Re
-
-
Transfer Load to Normal
Transfer Load to Normal
Shut Down Alternate Source

Shut Down Alternate Source
Transfer Switch Design
Criteria
Controller Controller
Transfer Switch Transfer Switch
Basic Transfer Switch Components
TRANSFER TRANSFER
PANEL PANEL
CONTROLLER CONTROLLER
TS Panel / Contactor
Solenoid Operator
Motor
Mechanism(s)
Main & Arcing
Contacts
Control and Auxiliary
Contacts
Power Connections
Mechanical Lugs
Bus Stab/ Bar
Sour c e Moni t or i ng Sour c e Moni t or i ng
Ti me Del ays Ti me Del ays
Annunc i at i on & Annunc i at i on &
Cont r ol s Cont r ol s
Tr ansf er Cont r ol Tr ansf er Cont r ol
Transfer Switch Definition & Purpose
Transfer Switch - Physical Elements
Over 90% of Over 90% of ATSs ar e suppl i ed i n enc l osur es by ATSs ar e suppl i ed i n enc l osur es by
manuf ac t ur er , al so c an be f ound manuf ac t ur er , al so c an be f ound
i n sw i t c hboar ds & mot or c ont r ol c ent er s. i n sw i t c hboar ds & mot or c ont r ol c ent er s.
Transfer Switch Ratings
Continuous Current Rating
Must Carry Current 24 Hrs./Day
In Both Normal or Emergency
Positions
7 Days/Week for 20 to 40 Years
No Overheating of Contacts
ATS Control Circuit Design
The Controller Monitors:
Source voltage
UV/OV on all three phases of normal source
Single phase UV on emergency source
Voltage unbalance detection
Source frequency - UF on emergency is std.
OF/UF on both sources available as an option
Phase sequence monitoring for phase
sensitive loads
The controller does not monitor load current ,
but metering is typically offered as an option
ATS Control Circuit
Design/Time Delays
Momentary Normal Source Failure Override
Delays all transfer signals to override voltage transients on
the normal source or allow OC devices to clear short
circuit faults - set at 1 second
Normal to Emergency Transfer Time Delay
Allows emergency source V & F to stabilize and enables
sequential load transfer to emergency on multiple ATS
installations - set at 5 minutes
Emergency to Normal Transfer Time Delay
Allows normal source to stabilize prior to re-transferring
the load from emergency to normal - set at 30 minutes.
Separate TD setting for test mode
Engine Cool Down Time Delay
Allows generator run unloaded after the load has been
retransferred to the normal source?
Transfer Panel Major
Components
Transfer
Switch
Operator
Pole Covers
Operator
Drive
Linkage
Main Contact
Shafts
TS Power
Connection
Terminals
Arc Chutes
Main Contact
Assembly
Auxiliary
Contact
Assy
Mechanical
Interlock
Transfer Switch Design Criteria
Contact Design
Arcing and main contacts
Mechanical pressure
on main contacts
Wiping action on contacts
Easy to inspect
Easy inspection and replacement
of contacts
Distributed Power Distributed Power
Gimmie a Solution Gimmie a Solution
Typically not Typically not spec spec d d, economic driven, grid interactive , economic driven, grid interactive
Market Segmentation By Application Market Segmentation By Application
Critical Power Critical Power
Give me what I spec Give me what I spec
Reliability & performance, high short circuit capacities, Reliability & performance, high short circuit capacities,
bypass configurations, higher amp, redundancy, custom, bypass configurations, higher amp, redundancy, custom,
project driven project driven
Packaged Power Packaged Power
Gimmie Gimmie a Switch a Switch
Not specified, price, lead time, OEM & Not specified, price, lead time, OEM &
Distributed Power Distributed Power Economic driven, grid interactive Economic driven, grid interactive
distribution driven distribution driven
Health Care/Data Centers- Industrial Light Industrial Light Commercial
Telecom / Web Hosting Commercial Residential
Transfer Switches
Power Switching & Control
Bypass / Isolation
Closed Transition
Delayed Transition
Soft Load Switches
Highly Specified By Consulting Engineer or Owner / User
Advanced Performance, Full Featured, Customized
Suitable for Power Interconnection to Utility Grid
Commercial Off - The - Shelf
Basic Transfer Switches, Limited Options
Transfer Switches
Critical Power
PackagedPower
Dealer / Distributor / OEM
3 phase --------------1 phase
Application Segments Application Segments
Types Of Transfer Switches
Sense Normal Source Failure Sense Normal Source Failure
Time Delay Time Delay
Signal Engine Generator To Start Signal Engine Generator To Start
Sense Emergency Source Available Sense Emergency Source Available
Transfer To Emergency Transfer To Emergency
Open Transition
Open Transition
Normal Contacts Disconnect Normal Contacts Disconnect
From From Utility Utility
Engine Generator Engine Generator
- -Disconnects From One Source Disconnects From One Source
Before Connecting To Other Source Before Connecting To Other Source- -
Emergency Contacts Connect To Emergency Contacts Connect To
Advantages Advantages
Basic Basic Straight Forward Operation Straight Forward Operation
60 60 5 5
\
Operates Only When Two Sources Operates Only When Two Sources
Only Permits Transfer When Only Permits Transfer When
Open Transition
Open Transition
-
-
Limits Inrush Current Limits Inrush Current
During During
Synchronism With Each Other and Synchronism With Each Other and
Both Both Sources Are Approaching Sources Are Approaching
Are Live Are Live
Curtails Voltage Transients Curtails Voltage Transients
Transfer Transfer
Operation Operation
Transfer To Emergency/Retransfer To Normal Transfer To Emergency/Retransfer To Normal
Standard No Cost Option Standard No Cost Option
On Most Transfer Switches On Most Transfer Switches
In-phase
Monitor
With
With
Inphase
Inphase
Transfer
Transfer
Within Safe Reconnection Window Within Safe Reconnection Window
Inphase
Inphase
Monitor
Monitor
Transfer Large Motors
Inphase
Inphase
Monitor
Monitor
Normal Source Emergency Source
If 180 Out Of Synch
At Time Of Connection
Amps = 12X 18X Full Load Running Current
Volts = Approximately 2X
O
Inphase
Inphase
Monitor
Monitor
If Connection Occurs Within
Safe Reconnection Window
Amps = Normal Starting Current
Volts = Normal Potential
Emergency Source Normal Source
Average Transfer Time = 100 MS
Inphase
Inphase
Monitor
Monitor
At F = 1.0 Hz
Both Sources are Moving into
Synchronism at 36 degrees / 100 ms
Utility = 60Hz
Generator = 59 Hz
F = 1.0 Hz
.
.
Inphase
Inphase
Monitor
Monitor
Movement
F In 100ms
* 2.0 Hz 72 Degrees
* 1.0 Hz 36 Degrees
* 0.5 Hz 18 Degrees
* 2.0 Hz 72 Degrees
* 0.5 Hz 18 Degrees
* 1.0 Hz 36 Degrees
Normal Source Returns To Normal Source Returns To
Acceptable Limits Acceptable Limits
Emergency Source Contacts Open Emergency Source Contacts Open
Retransfer Back To Normal Retransfer Back To Normal
Delayed Transition
Delayed Transition
Normal Source Contacts Close Normal Source Contacts Close
Engine Generator Shuts Down Engine Generator Shuts Down
Limits Inrush Current Limits Inrush Current
Disadvantages Disadvantages
Load is down longer Load is down longer
Many installations
Many installations
cannot
cannot
momentarily
momentarily
interrupt loads
interrupt loads
on a regular basis
on a regular basis
to test
to test
emergency systems
emergency systems
Closed Transition Transfer
Switch
Closed Transition Transfer
Switch
Make Before Break - Closed Transition
Contacts overlap with hot-hot & acceptable sources
Load is not disconnected from power during transfers
Transfers open transition is source fails
Re-transfers Closed Transition
100 m/sec s 100 m/sec s
over l ap over l ap- -
t i me t i me
Nor mal Nor mal
Emer genc y Emer genc y
Loads Loads
TS TS N N
TS TS E E
Power Switching Solutions
Closed Transition Operates When
A System Test is Performed
Peak Shave Applications are Initiated
When Re-Transferring to the Normal
Source
after System Test, Peak Shave or Normal
Source Failure/Restoration
Closed Transition Transfer Requirements
Both Sources Must Be Present
Operates Open Transition w/ Source
Failure
Sources Must be in Synchronism
Overlap Shall Not Exceed 100 msec.
+/- 5% Voltage Differential
+/- 0.2 Hz. Frequency Differential
Isochronus Governor Required
+/- 5 Electrical Degrees Phase
Angle Difference
Operate Test Switch Operate Test Switch
Engine Generator Starts Engine Generator Starts
Both Sources Come Within Acceptable Both Sources Come Within Acceptable
Test Scenario Test Scenario - - Transfer To Emergency Transfer To Emergency
Closed Transition
Closed Transition
Parameters; Parameters;
5% Voltage 5% Voltage
Emergency Contacts Close Emergency Contacts Close
Time Delay > 100 ms Time Delay > 100 ms
No Interrupt Transfer Between No Interrupt Transfer Between
5 5
0.2 Hertz 0.2 Hertz
Normal Contacts Open Normal Contacts Open
)
)
<
<
Two Live Sources Two Live Sources
Minimal Switching Transients Minimal Switching Transients
Passive Synchronizing Passive Synchronizing
Closed Transition Transfer Benefits
Closed Transition Transfer Benefits
Maintains Power to the Loads
Minimizes Inrush Currents
Neutral Position Not Required
Additional Control Wiring Not Required
Reduces Stress on UPSs
Passive Controls
Closed Transition Transfer Limitations
Closed Transition Transfer Limitations
Still Interrupts the Load Upon Source Failure
CTTS Controls Wait for Source
Synchronization
CTTS is Not a Replacement for a UPS
Although the Load Inrush Currents are
Minimized by Not Turning Loads Off & On,
the Entire TS Load is Still Transferred in One
Step (Block Loading) from One Source to the
Other Source
Standard Open Transition: Standard Open Transition:
Generator is Block Loaded Generator is Block Loaded
Steady State Steady State
Standard Open/Delayed Transition
Standard Open/Delayed Transition
UTILITY GENERATOR
LOAD
Transfer Switch
Transfer Switch
Delayed Transition: Delayed Transition:
Short Time Short Time
Long Time Long Time
Planned Transfer Planned Transfer
After 100msec Overlap, After 100msec Overlap,
Generator is Block Loaded Generator is Block Loaded
Uses Simple Passive Synchronizer Uses Simple Passive Synchronizer
Closed Transition Transfer Switch
Closed Transition Transfer Switch
UTILITY GENERATOR
LOAD
Load Voltage Load Voltage Resistive Load Resistive Load
Sustained Parallel Operation Sustained Parallel Operation
Soft Load
Soft Load
Signal Engine Generator To Start Signal Engine Generator To Start
Both Sources Come Within Acceptable Both Sources Come Within Acceptable
Parameters; Parameters;
5% Voltage 5% Voltage
Emergency Contacts Close Emergency Contacts Close
Ramp Engine Generator To Accept Ramp Engine Generator To Accept
5 5
0.2 Hertz 0.2 Hertz
)
)
<
<
Increasing Load Increasing Load
At Preset Point Open Normal At Preset Point Open Normal
Contacts Contacts
No Interrupt Transfer Between No Interrupt Transfer Between
Two Live Sources Two Live Sources
No Switching Transients No Switching Transients
No Block Loading No Block Loading
Match and Lock Frequency, Phase Angle, and Voltage Match and Lock Frequency, Phase Angle, and Voltage
Parallel Parallel
Add Load (Control kW and Power Factor) Add Load (Control kW and Power Factor)
Ramp Load to Set Ramp Load to Set- -point point
Soft Load Transfer Switches
Active Control
Active Control
Remain Connected or Disconnect Both Sources Remain Connected or Disconnect Both Sources
Like Closed Transition But - Uses Active Control of the Generator
Soft Load Transfer Switch
Soft Load Transfer Switch
UTILITY GENERATOR
LOAD
Load Voltage Load Voltage Resistive Load Resistive Load
Planned Transfer Planned Transfer
Soft Load
Soft Load
Transfer Switch with Active Control and Protection Transfer Switch with Active Control and Protection
32 Reverse Power 32 Reverse Power
27/59 Under 27/59 Under- -Over Over
Voltage Voltage
81 Under 81 Under- -Over Over
Frequency Frequency
67 Directional 67 Directional
Over Over- -current current
46 Negative Sequence 46 Negative Sequence
Over Over- -current current
47 Negative Sequence 47 Negative Sequence
Var PF Controller Var PF Controller
Loading & Unloading Loading & Unloading
Controls Controls
Import/Export Controls Import/Export Controls
Voltage Matching Voltage Matching
32 Reverse Power
27/59 Under-Over
Voltage
81 Under-Over
40 Loss of Excitation
Utility Protective Utility Protective
Devices Devices
Generator Protective
Additional Engine Controls: Additional Engine Controls: Under Power Is Also Used Under Power Is Also Used
Voltage Voltage
To Assure System Is Not To Assure System Is Not
Energizing Lines Energizing Lines
Frequency
(Excess Reverse VARs)
Devices
Gradually Increases Power at a Gradually Increases Power at a
Preset Rate, and Disconnects Preset Rate, and Disconnects
from Utility from Utility
Modes of Operation
Modes of Operation
Islanding: Islanding:
Base Load: Base Load:
Import / Export: Import / Export:
Ramps to a Generator Load Ramps to a Generator Load
Ramps to a Utility Load Set Ramps to a Utility Load Set- -point point
Set Set- -point and Holds point and Holds
and Holds and Holds
Generator Generator
1200KW 1200KW
Islanding Mode Example
Utility Service Utility Service
Generator Source Contacts Generator Source Contacts
Close Paralleling the Close Paralleling the
Generator and Utility Generator and Utility
Engine is Signaled to Start. Engine is Signaled to Start.
Soft Load Controls Drive Soft Load Controls Drive
I Into Synchronism nto Synchronism
Initiate Soft Load By; Initiate Soft Load By;
Timer Timer
Remote Command Remote Command
Demand Set Demand Set- -point point
Contact Closure Contact Closure
1000 KW Load 1000 KW Load
Voltage Voltage
Frequency Frequency
Phase Angle Phase Angle

Gen. Gen.
Current Current
Utility Utility
Current Current
Utility Service Sharing Load with Generator Utility Service Sharing Load with Generator
Soft Load Controller Soft Load Controller
Controls kW Loading of Controls kW Loading of Genset Genset
at Predetermined Rate and at Predetermined Rate and
Power Factor Power Factor
Loads Generator and Unloads Loads Generator and Unloads
Utility to a Set Point Utility to a Set Point
Then Opens the Utility Contacts and Then Opens the Utility Contacts and
the Generator Supplies the Load the Generator Supplies the Load
kW kW
800kW 200 kW
Utility kW Gen kW
Generator is Ramped Generator is Ramped
to a Predetermined to a Predetermined
kW Value and Holds kW Value and Holds
Utility and Emergency Utility and Emergency
Contacts Stay Closed Contacts Stay Closed
Base Load Mode Example
Base Load Mode Example
200 kW 200 kW 800 kW 800 kW
1000 kW 1000 kW
Generator Base Load Set Generator Base Load Set
@ 800 kW @ 800 kW
1000 kW
- - 200 kW 200 kW
1200 kW 1200 kW
Controls Export Power Controls Export Power
1000 kW 1000 kW
Export Set @ 200 kW Export Set @ 200 kW
Generator Produces the Generator Produces the
Necessary Power to Necessary Power to
Export a Predetermined Export a Predetermined
kW Value kW Value
Export Load Mode
Export Load Mode
Non Disruptive Planned Transfer or Load Curtailment Non Disruptive Planned Transfer or Load Curtailment
Summary
Summary
Ramp Load on Generator Until Ramp Load on Generator Until
Ramp Up Load Until Utility Ramp Up Load Until Utility
kW is Approx. 0, and Disconnect kW is Approx. 0, and Disconnect
Ramp to Generator Load Set Ramp to Generator Load Set
Point and Hold Point and Hold
Islanding: Islanding:
Base Load: Base Load:
Import / Export: Import / Export:
Utility Power Matches Utility Power Matches Setpoint Setpoint
and Hold and Hold
Single Engine Single Engine
Single Transfer Switch Single Transfer Switch
Parallel to Utility in Three Modes Parallel to Utility in Three Modes
No Load Break Type
Bypass-Isolation
Bypass-Isolation Function
Normal Operation
Bypass
Bypass
-
-
Isolation Function
Isolation Function
Normal Operation Normal Operation
Bypass-Isolation
ATS
Source
Normal
Emergency
Source
Emergency
Source
Source
Normal
Bypass Bypass- -Isolation Function Isolation Function
Bypass To Normal Position Bypass To Normal Position
Testing And Maintenance Testing And Maintenance No Load Interruption No Load Interruption
Bypass-Isolation
ATS
Rack To Test Position Rack To Test Position
No Load Interruption No Load Interruption
ATS
Emergency
Source
Normal
Source
Bypass-Isolation
No Load Interruption No Load Interruption
Rack To Isolation Position Rack To Isolation Position
Bypass-Isolation
ATS
Normal
Source
Emergency
Source
ATS De-energized
Can Function As Manual Transfer Switch Can Function As Manual Transfer Switch
In Isolation Or Test Position Bypass In Isolation Or Test Position Bypass
Bypass-Isolation
Normal
Source
Emergency
Source
ATS De-energized
Bypass
Bypass
-
-
Isolation Function
Isolation Function
Can Be Applied To Automatic Transfer Switches Can Be Applied To Automatic Transfer Switches
Open Transition Open Transition
Delayed Transition Delayed Transition
Closed Transition Closed Transition
Soft Load Soft Load
Service Entrance Rated
Service Entrance Rated
Service Entrance Installation
Using ATS & Separate Breaker Using ATS & Separate Breaker
Service Entrance
Disconnect
Automatic Transfer
Switch
Load
Load
ATS is Totally De-energized
Including Control Circuits
Repairs & Routine
Maintenance Can Be
Performed Safely
Using ATS & Separate Breaker Using ATS & Separate Breaker
Service Entrance Breaker
Manually Disconnected
or
Tripped Open
Emergency Breaker
Manually Disconnected
No Physical Disconnect
Upstream From Breaker
ATS
Load
Safety Concerns
Impossible to Maintain and Service
Without Removing Utility Fuses
Breaker Tripped Open
Using Breakers With Normal Overcurrent Protection Using Breakers With Normal Overcurrent Protection
Potential Voltage at
ATS Normal Terminals
Control PTs Energized
Breaker Style ATS With Integral
Over Current Protection
Service Entrance Rated Transfer Switches
Service Entrance Rated Transfer Switches
Utility Over Utility Over- -current Device & current Device &
Transfer Switch Integrated Transfer Switch Integrated
into A Single Enclosure into A Single Enclosure
Breaker and Transfer Breaker and Transfer
Switch Factory Assembled Switch Factory Assembled
UL 891 Labeled & UL 1008 UL 891 Labeled & UL 1008
Listed Listed
Utilizes Utilizes contactor design ATS ATS

Incorporates
SE Breaker
Into ATS Enclosure
Load
With SE Breaker Open
ATS is Totally De-energized
Including Control Circuits
Repairs & Routine
Maintenance Can Be
Performed Safely
Service Entrance Installation Using ATS
Service Entrance Installation Using ATS
& Integral Breaker
& Integral Breaker
1200 Ampere Service Entrance Rated ATS 1200 Ampere Service Entrance Rated ATS
Service Entrance Rated Transfer Switch
Type 1 /3R/4X/12 Enclosures Type 1 /3R/4X/12 Enclosures
Disconnect Device on Disconnect Device on
Standard Features Standard Features
Normal Source and/or Normal Source and/or
Emergency Source Emergency Source
All Bus is Silver All Bus is Silver
Plated Copper Plated Copper

Ground Fault Protection Ground Fault Protection
for 1000 Amps and Above for 1000 Amps and Above
and Greater than 150 Volts and Greater than 150 Volts
to Ground to Ground

Solderless Solderless Screw Type Terminals for External Power Conductors Screw Type Terminals for External Power Conductors

Disconnect Links Disconnect Links
Neutral Neutral
Ground Ground
Priced Competitively with Circuit Breaker Schemes Priced Competitively with Circuit Breaker Schemes
Superior Design Utilizing True Automatic Transfer Switches Superior Design Utilizing True Automatic Transfer Switches
Meets NEC Requirements for Service Entrance Rating Meets NEC Requirements for Service Entrance Rating
Breaker Mounted in the ATS Enclosure Breaker Mounted in the ATS Enclosure Saves Space Saves Space
Summary Summary
UL 1008 Listed and UL 891 Labeled UL 1008 Listed and UL 891 Labeled
TRUE Normal Side Disconnect TRUE Normal Side Disconnect - - Safer Safer
Open Transition Open Transition
Delayed Transition Delayed Transition
Closed Transition Closed Transition
Soft Load Transfer Soft Load Transfer
Bypass Bypass- -Isolation Isolation
Function Function
With With Inphase Inphase Transfer Transfer
Service Entrance Service Entrance
Function Function
Can Add Can Add
Any Questions
UTILITY UTILITY LOAD LOAD GENERATOR GENERATOR

Switches

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Transfer Switch Definitions

What Are The Codes & Standards

UL, CSA, IEC, NFPA, IEEE, ANSI

Carry Current Continuously

Initiate Alternate Source

Sense Restoration of Normal

Shut Down Alternate Source

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