From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Although phosphorus (P) has 23 isotopes from

24
P to
46
P, only one of these isotopes is stable
31
P; as such, it is considered a
monoisotopic element. The longest-lived radioactive isotopes are
33
P with a half-life of 25.34 days and
32
P with a half-life of 14.263
days. All other have half-lives under 2.5 minutes, most under a second. The least stable is
25
P with a half-life shorter than 30
nanosecondsthe half-life of
24
P is unknown.
Standard atomic mass: 30.973762(2) u
Radioactive isotopes of phosphorus include:
32
P; a beta-emitter (1.71 MeV) with a half-life of 14.3 days which is used routinely in life-science laboratories, primarily to
produce radiolabeled DNA and RNA probe, e.g. for use in Northern blots or Southern blots. Because the high energy beta
particles produced penetrate skin and corneas, and because any
32
P ingested, inhaled, or absorbed is readily incorporated into
bone and nucleic acids, OSHA requires that a lab coat, disposable gloves, and safety glasses or goggles be worn when working
with
32
P, and that working directly over an open container be avoided in order to protect the eyes.
[citation needed]
Monitoring
personal, clothing, and surface contamination is also required. In addition, due to the high energy of the beta particles,
shielding this radiation with the normally used dense materials (e.g. lead), gives rise to secondary emission of X-rays via a
process known as Bremsstrahlung, meaning braking radiation. Therefore shielding must be accomplished with low density
materials, e.g. Plexiglas, Lucite, plastic, wood, or water.
33
P; a beta-emitter (0.25 MeV) with a half-life of 25.4 days. It is used in life-science laboratories in applications in which
lower energy beta emissions are advantageous such as DNA sequencing. Phosphorus-33 can be used to label nucleotides. It is
less energetic than
32
P, giving a better resolution. A disadvantage is its higher cost compared to
32
P, as most of the bombarded
31
P will have acquired only one neutron, while only some will have acquired two or more. Its maximum specific activity is
5118 Ci/mol.
Contents
1 Table
1.1 Notes
2 References
3 External links
Table
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nuclide
symbol
Z(p) N(n)

isotopic mass (u)

half-life
decay
mode(s)
[1]
daughter
isotope(s)
[n 1]
nuclear
spin
representative
isotopic
composition
(mole fraction)
range of natural
variation
(mole fraction)
24
P 15 9 24.03435(54)# ?
p (>99.9%)
23
Si
(1+)#

+
(<.1%)
24
Si
25
P 15 10 25.02026(21)# <30 ns p
24
Si (1/2+)#
26
P
[n 2]
15 11 26.01178(21)# 43.7(6) ms

+
(98.1%)
26
Si
(3+)
+
, 2p (1.0%)
24
Mg

+
, p (.09%)
25
Al
27
P 15 12 26.999230(28) 260(80) ms

+
(99.93%)
27
Si
1/2+

+
, p (.07%)
26
Al
28
P 15 13 27.992315(4) 270.3(5) ms

+
(99.99%)
28
Si
3+
+
, p (.0013%)
27
Al

+
, (8.610
4
%)
24
Mg
29
P 15 14 28.9818006(6) 4.142(15) s
+ 29
Si 1/2+
30
P 15 15 29.9783138(3) 2.498(4) min
+ 30
Si 1+
31
P 15 16 30.97376163(20) Stable 1/2+ 1.0000
32
P 15 17 31.97390727(20) 14.263(3) d
- 32
S 1+ trace
33
P 15 18 32.9717255(12) 25.34(12) d
- 33
S 1/2+
34
P 15 19 33.973636(5) 12.43(8) s
- 34
S 1+
35
P 15 20 34.9733141(20) 47.3(7) s
- 35
S 1/2+
36
P 15 21 35.978260(14) 5.6(3) s
- 36
S 4-#
37
P 15 22 36.97961(4) 2.31(13) s
- 37
S 1/2+#
38
P 15 23 37.98416(11) 0.64(14) s

-
(88%)
38
S

-
, n (12%)
37
S
39
P 15 24 38.98618(11) 190(50) ms

-
(74%)
39
S
1/2+#

-
, n (26%)
38
S
40
P 15 25 39.99130(15) 153(8) ms

-
(70%)
40
S
(2-,3-)

-
, n (30%)
39
S
41
P 15 26 40.99434(23) 100(5) ms

-
(70%)
41
S
1/2+#

-
, n (30%)
40
S
42
P 15 27 42.00101(48) 48.5(15) ms

-
(50%)
42
S

-
, n (50%)
41
S
43
P 15 28 43.00619(104) 36.5(15) ms
-
, n
42
S 1/2+#
44
P 15 29 44.01299(75)# 18.5(25) ms
- 44
S
45
P 15 30 45.01922(86)# 8# ms [>200 ns]
- 45
S 1/2+#
46
P 15 31 46.02738(97)# 4# ms [>200 ns]
- 46
S
^ Bold for stable isotopes 1.
^ Has 1 halo proton 2.
Notes
Isotopes of phosphorus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_phosphorus
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Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak
assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one
standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded uncertainties.
References
Isotope masses from:
G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and
decay properties" (http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf). Nuclear Physics A 729: 3128.
Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhA.729....3A).
doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001).
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
J. R. de Laeter, J. K. Bhlke, P. De Bivre, H. Hidaka, H. S. Peiser, K. J. R. Rosman and P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic
weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)" (http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/75/6/0683
/pdf/). Pure and Applied Chemistry 75 (6): 683800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683 (http://dx.doi.org
/10.1351%2Fpac200375060683).
M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)" (http://iupac.org/publications
/pac/78/11/2051/pdf/). Pure and Applied Chemistry 78 (11): 20512066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051
(http://dx.doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac200678112051). Lay summary (http://old.iupac.org/news/archives/2005/atomic-
weights_revised05.html).
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and
decay properties" (http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf). Nuclear Physics A 729: 3128.
Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhA.729....3A).
doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001).
National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database" (http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/). Brookhaven National
Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005.
N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC
Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
External links
Phosphorus isotopes data from The Berkeley Laboratory Isotopes Project's (http://ie.lbl.gov/education/parent/P_iso.htm)
^ http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx 1.
Isotopes of silicon Isotopes of phosphorus Isotopes of sulfur
Table of nuclides
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