Generally, animals are classified into groups based on their type of diet with many subgroups

1. Herbivores - Animals that consume primarily plant materials.

2. Carnivores - Animals that eat other animals.
3. Omnivores - Animals that eat a combination of plant and animal matter.

Based on Optimum water temperature for growth

1. Warm water fish = Optimum growing water temperature 25-30 C.
2. Cold water fish = Optimum growing water temperature <20 C

Aquacultural species raised on artificial feeds in Bangladesh (Warm water fish)

Common Name

Scientific Name

Natural

Habitat

Feeding Habits

Optimum
temperature
(C)

Common carp

Cyprinus carpio

Omnivorous

Fresh

28-31

Rohu

Labeo rohita

Omnivorous

Fresh

28-31

Catla

Catla catla

Plankton feeders

Fresh

28-31

Mrigal

Cirrhinus mrigala

Omnivorous

Fresh

28-31

Silver carp

Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

Omnivorous

Fresh

28-31

Bighead

Aristichythys nobilis

Herbivorous

Fresh

28-31

Grass carp

Ctenopharyngodon idella

Fresh

28-31

Nile Tilapia

Tilapia nilotica

Omnivorous

Fresh

26-34

Striped Catfish

Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

Carnivorous

Fresh

23-27

Climbing Perch

Anabas testudineus

Insectivorous

Fresh

26-30

Stinging Catfish

Heteropneustes fossilis

Omnivorous

Fresh

26-30

Walking Catfish

Clarias batrachus

Omnivorous

Fresh

26-30

Giant River Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii

omnivorous

Fresh

25-31

Giant Tiger

omnivorous

Brakish

28-33

Penaeus monodon

Prawn/ Asian

scavenger or

Tiger shrimp

detritus feeder

Table-15: Recommended dietary nutrient levels for carnivorous fish species 1

Nutrient level
Crude lipid, % min
Fish:plant lipid 3

Crude protein, % min

Fish size class 2

Fry

Fingerling

Juvenile

Grower

Brood fish

16
7:01
52

14
7:01
49

14
7:01
47

12
7:01
45

10
7:01
47

2.24
0.95
1.46
2.66
3.08
1.00
0.36
1.51
1.20
1.67
0.31
1.73
15
1

2.11
0.89
1.37
2.50
2.90
0.94
0.34
1.42
1.13
1.58
0.29
1.63
20
1.5

2.02
0.85
1.32
2.40
2.78
0.90
0.33
1.36
1.09
1.51
0.28
1.56
25
2

1.94
0.82
1.26
2.30
2.66
0.87
0.31
1.31
1.04
1.45
0.27
1.50
25
2.5

2.02
0.85
1.32
2.40
2.78
0.90
0.33
1.36
1.09
1.51
0.28
1.56
25
2.5

2.5
2.5
2
1
0.8
0.8
0.08
0.07
0.07
Added dietary supplements

2
0.7
0.06

2
0.8
0.07

60
100
50
6
1
6
0.5
0.2

30
50
25
3
0.5
3
0.25
0.1

60
100
50
6
1
6
0.5
0.2

Amino acids, % min 4

Arginine
Histidine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Cystine
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Valine
Carbohydrate, % max
Crude fibre, % max
Major minerals, %
Calcium, % max
Available phosphorus, %
Magnesium, % min
Trace minerals, mg/kg min
Iron
Zinc
Manganese
Copper
Cobalt
Iodine
Chromium
Selenium

50
83
42
5
0.84
5
0.42
0.17

40
67
33
4
0.67
4
0.33
0.13

Vitamins, IU/kg min 5

Vitamin A
Vitamin D3
Vitamins, mg/kg min
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Thiamine
Riboflavin
Pyridoxine
Pantothenic acid
Nicotinic acid
Biotin
Folic acid
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C 6
Choline 6

Inositol

3000 (6000) 2500 (5000) 2000 (4000) 1500 (3000)

1500 (3000) 1250 (2500) 1000 (2000) 750 (1500)

3000 (6000)
1500 (3000)

150 (300)
125 (250)
100 (200)
75 (150)
10 (12)
8 (10)
6 (8)
5 (6)
24 (48)
20 (40)
16 (32)
12 (24)
30 (60)
25 (50)
20 (40)
15 (30)
24 (48)
20 (40)
16 (32)
12 (24)
60 (180)
50 (150)
40 (120)
30 (90)
120 (240)
100 (200)
80 (160)
60 (120)
0.3 (0.6)
0.25 (0.5)
0.2 (0.4)
0.2 (0.4)
6 (12)
5 (10)
4 (8)
3 (6)
0.03 (0.06) 0.025 (0.05) 0.02 (0.04) 0.015 (0.03)
400 (1200) 333 (1000)
266 (800)
200 (600)
1500 (3000) 1250 (2500) 1000 (2000) 750 (1500)
250 (500)
200 (400)
150 (300)
100 (200)

150 (300)
10 (12)
24 (48)
30 (60)
24 (48)
60 (180)
120 (240)
0.3 (0.6)
6 (12)
0.03 (0.06)
400 (1200)
1500 (3000)
250 (500)

Table-16: Recommended dietary nutrient levels for omnivorous fish species 1

Fish size class 2

Nutrient level
Crude lipid, % min
Fish:plant lipid 3

Crude protein, % min

Fry
8
1:01
42

Fingerling
7
1:01
39

Juvenile
7
1:01
37

Grower
6
1:01
35

Brood fish
5
1:01
37

1.81
0.76
1.18
2.15
2.48
0.81
0.29
1.22
0.97
1.35
0.25
1.40
30
1.5

1.68
0.71
1.09
1.99
2.31
0.75
0.27
1.13
0.90
1.26
0.23
1.30
35
2

1.59
0.67
1.04
1.89
2.19
0.71
0.26
1.07
0.85
1.19
0.22
1.23
40
3

1.51
0.64
0.98
1.79
2.07
0.67
0.24
1.02
0.81
1.13
0.21
1.16
40
4

1.59
0.67
1.04
1.89
2.19
0.71
0.26
1.07
0.85
1.19
0.22
1.23
40
4

2.5
1
0.08

2.5
0.8
0.07

2
0.8
0.07

2
0.7
0.06

2
0.8
0.07

60
100
50
6
1
6
0.5
0.2

50
83
42
5
0.84
5
0.42
0.17

40
67
33
4
0.67
4
0.33
0.13

30
50
25
3
0.5
3
0.25
0.1

60
100
50
6
1
6
0.5
0.2

3000 (6000)
1500 (3000)

2500 (5000)
1250 (2500)

2000 (4000)
1000 (2000)

1500 (3000)
750 (1500)

3000 (6000)
1500 (3000)

Amino acids, % min 4

Arginine
Histidine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Cystine
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Valine
Carbohydrate, % max
Crude fibre, % max
Major minerals, %
Calcium, % max
Available phosphorus, % min
Magnesium, % min
Added dietary supplements
Trace minerals, mg/kg min
Iron
Zinc
Manganese
Copper
Cobalt
Iodine
Chromium
Selenium
Vitamins, IU/kg min 5

Vitamin A
Vitamin D3
Vitamins, mg/kg min
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Thiamine
Riboflavin
Pyridoxine
Pantothenic acid
Nicotinic acid
Biotin
Folic acid
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C 6
Choline 6

Inositol

120 (240)
100 (200)
10 (12)
8 (10)
18 (36)
15 (30)
24 (48)
20 (40)
18 (36)
15 (30)
48 (144)
40 (120)
108 (216)
90 (180)
0.2 (0.4)
0.15 (0.3)
3 (6)
2.5 (5)
0.015 (0.03) 0.0125 (0.025)
300 (900)
250 (750)
1200 (2400) 1000 (2000)
150 (300)
125 (250)

80 (160)
60 (120)
120 (240)
6 (8)
5 (6)
10 (12)
12 (24)
9 (18)
18 (36)
16 (32)
12 (24)
24 (48)
12 (24)
9 (18)
18 (36)
32 (96)
24 (72)
48 (144)
72 (144)
54 (108)
108 (216)
0.1 (0.2)
0.1 (0.2)
0.2 (0.4)
2 (4)
1.5 (3)
3 (6)
0.01 (0.02) 0.0075 (0.015) 0.015 (0.03)
200 (600)
150 (450)
300 (900)
800 (1600)
600 (1200)
1200 (2400)
100 (200)
75 (150)
150 (300)

Table 15. Recommended dietary nutrient levels for carnivorous fish species 1
1

Dietary nutrient levels recommended for clear-water intensive aquaculture systems

(ie. tanks, cages, raceways)
2

Fish size class: fry 00.5g; fingerling 0.510g; juvenile 1050g; grower 50g+; brood
fish 1kg+ (varies with species)

For strict marine carnivorous fish species plant lipid can be omitted from the
formulation
4

Amino acid requirement based on carcass essential amino acid pattern of whole fish
tissue (Wilson & Cowey; Table 4)

Suggested minimum dietary vitamin levels required to prevent deficiency signs. Values
in parentheses indicatesuggested dietary vitamin levels taking into account processing,
storage and leaching losses
6

These vitamins should be added separately to the diet and not included in the form of a
multivitamin premix;vitamin C should be added in fat coated form so as to minimise
losses through diet processing and leaching
Table 16. Recommended dietary nutrient levels for omnivorous fish species 1

Dietary nutrient levels recommended for clear-water intensive aquaculture systems

(ie. tanks, cages, raceways)
2

Fish size class: fry 00.5g; fingerling 0.510g; juvenile 1050g; grower 50g+; brood
fish 1kg+ (varies with species)

Equal proportions of plant and fish oil should be used so as to satisfy essential fatty acid
requirements

Amino acid requirement based on carcass essential amino acid pattern of whole fish
tissue (see Table 4)

Suggested minimum dietary vitamin levels required to prevent deficiency signs. Values
in parentheses indicate suggested dietary vitamin levels taking into account processing,
storage and leaching losses
6

These vitamins should be added separately to the diet and not included in the form of a
multivitamin premix; vitamin C should be added in fat coated form so as to minimize
losses through diet processing and leaching.

Table-17: Recommended dietary nutrient levels for carnivorous shrimp species 1

Shrimp size class 2

Nutrient level
Crude lipid, % min
Marine:plant lipid 3
Cholesterol, % min 4

Crude protein, % min

Larval

PLI-25

PL25-lg

Juvenile

Grower

Broodstock

14
6:01
2
65

13
6:01
1.5
62

12
6:01
1.5
59

11
6:01
1
55

10
6:01
1
53

10
6:01
2
55

3.53
1.00
1.55
3.18
3.34
1.23
0.61
1.75
1.77
2.18
0.61
1.93
5
1

3.36
0.95
1.48
3.04
3.19
1.17
0.59
1.67
1.69
2.08
0.59
1.84
10
1

3.20
0.91
1.40
2.89
3.03
1.11
0.56
1.59
1.61
1.98
0.56
1.75
15
1.5

2.98
0.85
1.31
2.69
2.83
1.04
0.52
1.48
1.50
1.85
0.52
1.64
15
1.5

2.87
0.82
1.26
2.60
2.73
1.00
0.50
1.43
1.45
1.78
0.50
1.58
20
2

2.98
0.85
1.31
2.69
2.83
1.04
0.52
1.48
1.50
1.85
0.52
1.64
15
1.5

3
1.8
1.1
0.18

3
1.6
1
0.15

2.5
1.4
0.9
0.13

2.5
1.2
0.8
0.1

2
1.2
0.7
0.08

2.5
1.4
0.9
0.13

100
120
60
12
1.2
6
1
0.25

90
110
55
11
1.1
5.5
0.9
0.23

80
100
50
10
1
5
0.8
0.21

70
90
45
9
0.9
4.5
0.7
0.19

60
80
40
8
0.8
4
0.6
0.17

100
120
60
12
1.2
6
1
0.25

4500 (9000)
1400 (2800)

4000 (8000)
1200 (2400)

6000 (12000)
2000 (4000)

180 (360)
160 (320)
140 (280)
120 (240)
11 (13)
10 (12)
9 (11)
8 (10)
28 (84)
26 (78)
24 (72)
22 (66)
28 (84)
26 (78)
24 (72)
22 (66)
28 (84)
26 (78)
24 (72)
22 (66)
70 (280)
65 (260)
60 (240)
55 (220)
140 (420)
130 (390)
120 (360)
110 (330)
0.23 (0.69)
0.21 (0.63)
0.19 (0.57)
0.17 (0.54)
5.5 (16.5)
5 (15)
4.5 (13.5)
4 (12)
0.037 (0.111) 0.034 (0.102) 0.031 (0.093) 0.028 (0.084)
450 (2250)
400 (2000)
350 (1750)
300 (1500)
1500 (3000) 1400 (2800) 1300 (2600) 1200 (2400)
650 (1950)
600 (1800)
550 (1650)
500 (1500)

200 (400)
12 (14)
30 (90)
30 (90)
30 (90)
75 (300)
150 (450)
0.25 (0.75)
6 (18)
0.04 (0.12)
500 (2500)
1600 (3200)
700 (2100)

Amino acids, % min 5

Arginine
Histidine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Cystine
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
Threonine
Trytophan
Valine
Carbohydrate, % max
Crude fibre, % max 6

Major minerals, %
Calcium, % max
Available phosphorus, % min
Potassium, % min
Magnesium, % min
Added dietary supplements
Trace minerals, mg/kg min
Iron
Zinc
Manganese
Copper
Cobalt
Iodine
Chromium
Selenium
Vitamins, IU/kg min 7

Vitamin A
Vitamin D3
Vitamins, mg/kg min
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Thiamine
Riboflavin
Pyridoxine
Pantothenic acid
Nicotinic acid
Biotin
Folic acid
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
Choline
Inositol

6000 (12000) 5500 (11000) 5000 (10000)

2000 (4000) 1800 (3600) 1600 (3200)
200 (400)
12 (14)
30 (90)
30 (90)
30 (90)
75 (300)
150 (450)
0.25 (0.75)
6 (18)
0.04 (0.12)
500 (2500)
1600 (3200)
700 (2100)

Table-18: Recommended dietary nutrient levels for omnivorous shrimp species 1

Shrimp size class 2

Nutrient level
Crude lipid, % min
Marine:plant lipid 3
Cholesterol 4

Crude protein, % min

Larval
14
5:01
2
55

PLI-25 PL25-lg Juvenile Grower Broodstock

13
12
11
10
10
5:01
5:01
5:01
5:01
5:01
1.5
1.5
1
1
2
50
45
40
35
45

Amino acids, % min 5

Arginine
Histidine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Cystine
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Valine
Carbohydrate, % max
Crude fibre, % max 6

2.98
0.85
1.31
2.69
2.83
1.04
0.52
1.48
1.50
1.85
0.52
1.64
15
1

2.71
0.77
1.19
2.45
2.57
0.95
0.47
1.35
1.37
1.68
0.47
1.49
20
1.5

2.44
0.69
1.07
2.20
2.31
0.85
0.42
1.21
1.23
1.51
0.42
1.34
25
2

2.17
0.62
0.95
1.96
2.06
0.76
0.38
1.08
1.09
1.34
0.38
1.19
30
2

1.90
0.54
0.83
1.71
1.80
0.66
0.33
0.94
0.96
1.18
0.33
1.04
35
3

2.44
0.69
1.07
2.20
2.31
0.85
0.42
1.21
1.23
1.51
0.42
1.34
25
2

Major minerals, %
Calcium, % max
Available phosphorus, % min
Potassium, % min
Magnesium, % min
Added dietary supplements

3
3
2.5
2.5
2
2.5
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.9
0.18
0.15
0.13
0.1
0.08
0.13
Trace element and vitamin levels as in Table 17

Table 17. Recommended dietary nutrient levels for carnivorous shrimp species 1

Dietary nutrient levels recommended for clear-water intensive aquaculture systems

(ie. tanks, cages and raceways)
2

Shrimp size class: Larval - protozoea substage 1 to post-larval substage 1 (PLI); PLI to
PL25 (25 days from PLI);PL25 to lg; juvenile - 1g to 10g; grower - 10g to harvest;
broodstock - 10g+

Marine lipid includes shrimp head oil, marine fish body oil, marine fish liver oil, or
marine invertebrate oils.So as to satisfy a possible dietary phospholipid requirement, a
concentrated source of phospholipid should be addedin the form of soybean oil or a soylecithin preparation

Cholesterol can be added either in purified form or by using dietary lipid sources
naturally rich in cholesterol suchas shrimp head oil

Amino acid requirement based on the carcass essential amino acid pattern of the shortnecked clam (Table 4)

Maximum limit refers only to crude fibre of plant origin, and excludes crude fibre
derived from shrimp meal (ie. chitin)
7

Suggested minimum dietary vitamin levels required to prevent deficiency signs. Values
in parentheses indicate suggesteddietary vitamin levels taking into account processing,
storage and leaching losses; the latter being 2 to 5 timesgreater than the recommended
dietary requirements due to the extremely slow and extended feeding habits of
marineshrimp, and to compensate for the considerable losses of vitamins which occur
through leaching. However, the actualmultiplication factor used should be adjusted in situ
(ie. either higher or lower) depending on the water stabilityof the diet and the feeding
response of the shrimp to the diet, and finally on the time period the feed remains inthe
water before total consumption
Table 18. Recommended dietary nutrient levels for omnivorous shrimp species 1
1 6

as in Table 17