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Mise en Pratique of the Definition of the Metre (1992)
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1994 Metrologia 30 523
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International Reports
Mise en Pratique of,the Definition of the Metre (1992)
T. J. Quinn
Foreword
In 1983, at the time of the adoption of the present
definition of the metre by the 17th Conference Gene-
rale des Poids et Mesures, the Comite International
des Poids et Mesures (CIPM) drew up recommenda-
tions for the practical realization of the definition.
These are generally referred to as the mise en pratique
of the definition. It was understood that the mise en
pratique would, from time to time, be updated to take
account of new measurements and improvements in
techniques of laser stabilization.
In 1992 the CIPM, acting on the advice of its
Comite Consultatif pour la Definition du Metre
(CCDM), decided that the time had come for the
1983 mise en pratique to be revised. The 1992 revision
is presented here.*
This comprises:
Recommendation 3 (CI- 1992) which was adopted by
the CIPM at its 81st Meeting in October 1992,
and which includes a list of recommended radia-
tions.
Appendices M2 and M3 of the Report of the 8th
Meeting of the CCDM, 1992. Appendix M2
gives the source data and references for the prece-
ding list of recommended radiations and Appen-
dix M3 gives tables of frequency intervals
between hyperfine components of absorption
lines of iodine.
In adopting the revised mise en pratique, the CIPM
noted with satisfaction that the values of frequency
and wavelength given in the new list of recommended
T. J . Quinn: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Pavillon
de Breteuil, F-92312 Sevres Cedex, France.
* Reprints of this-Merrologro publication are available from the BIPM.
The French version of the mise en prorique, which is the official one, is
published hy the BIPM in the Report of the 81st Meeting of the
Cl PM (1992). Copies available from the BIPM and from OFFI LI B,
4X. rue Gay-Luswc. F-75005 Paris.
radiations, while having considerably smaller uncer-
tainties, do not lie outside the overall uncertainties
associated with the values given in 1983. In conse-
quence, the implementation by national laboratories
of the 1992 mise en pratique will lead to'no significant
discontinuities in their standards of length.
Revision of the Mise en Pratique of the Definition of
the Metre
Recommendation 3 (CZ-1992)
The Comitt International des Poids et Mesures.
recalling
that in 1983 the 17th Conference Generale des
Poids et Mesures (CGPM) adopted a new definition
of the metre;
that in the same year the CGPM invited the
Comite International des Poids et Mesures (CIPM)
to draw up instructions for the practical realiza-
tion of the metre;
to choose radiations which can be recommended
as standards of wavelength for the interferome-
tric measurement of length and draw up instruc-
tions for their use;
to pursue studies undertaken to improve these
standards and in due course to extend or revise
these instructions;
that in response to this invitation the CIPM
made a number of recommendations in 1983 concer-
ning the practical realization of the metre (the mise
en pratique);
considering
that science and technology continue to demand
improved accuracy in the realization of the metre;
that since 1983 work in national laboratories, the
BIPM and elsewhere has substantially improved the
reproducibility of radiations which are suitable for
the practical realization of the metre;
that such work has also substantially reduced the
uncertainty in the determined values of the frequen-
cies and wavelengths of some of these radiations;
decides that the list of recommended radiations given
by the CIPM in 1983 (Recommendation 1 (CI-1983))
be replaced by the list of recommended radiations
given below.
List of Recommended Radiations, 1992
This list replaces the one published in BIPM Proc.-
Verb. Com. Int. Poids et Mesures, 1983, 51, 25-28 and
Metrologia, 1984, 19, 165-166.
In this list, the values of the frequency f and of
the wavelength 1 should be related exactly by the
relation 1f= c, with c =299 792 458 m/s but the values
of 1 are rounded.
The data and analysis used for the compilation
of this list are set out in the associated Appendix:
Source Data for the List of Recommended Radia-
tions, 1992, and its Annotated Bibliography (see this
document, Appendix M 2).
It should be noted that for several of the listed
radiations, few independent values are available, so
that the estimated uncertainties may not, therefore,
reflect all sources of variability.
Each of the listed radiations can be replaced,
without degrading the accuracy, by a radiation corres-
ponding to another component of the same transition
or by another radiation, when the frequency dif-
ference is known with sufficient accuracy. It should
also be noted that to achieve the uncertainties given
here it is not sufficient just to meet the specifications
for the listed parameters. In addition, it is necessary
to follow the best good practice concerning methods
of stabilization as described in numerous scientific
and technical publications. References to appropriate
articles, illustrating accepted good practice for a parti-
cular radiation, may be obtained by application to a
member laboratory of the CCDM, or to the BIPM.
I . Radiations of Stabilized Lasers
1.1 Absorbing molecule CH,, transition v 3 , P(7),
component FL2)
1.1.1 Thevalues f=88376181600,18 kHz
1 =3 392 231 397,327 fm
with an estimated relative standard uncertainty of
3 x apply to the radiation of a He-Ne laser
stabilized to the central component [(7-6) transition]
of the resolved hyperfine-structure triplet, the mean
of recoil splitting, for effectively stationary molecules,
i.e. the values are corrected for second-order Doppler
shift.
1.1.2 Thevalues f=88376181600,5 kHz
I = 3 392231 397,31 fm
with an estimated relative standard uncertainty of
2,3 x lo-" apply to the radiation of a He-Ne laser
stabilized to the centre of the unresolved hyperfine
structure of a room temperature methane cell, within
or external to the laser, subject to the following condi-
tions:
methane pressure <3 Pa;
mean one-way axial intracavity surface power
den~i ty*<I O~W.m- ~;
radius of wavefront curvaturea 1 m;
inequality of power between counter-propagating
waves <5 %;
detector placed at the output facing the laser
tube.
transition 3P1 - lS0; Am, =O 1.2 Absorbing atom
The values f =455 986 2403 MHz
1 =657 459 439,3 fm
with an estimated relative standard uncertainty of
4,5 x lo-'' apply to the radiation of a laser stabilized
with a thermal atomic beam.
1.3 Absorbing molecule l Z7I2, transition 8- 5, P(lO),
component a, (or g)
The values f =468 21 8 332,4 MHz
I =640 283 468,7 fm
with an estimated relative standard uncertainty of
4,5 x lo-'' apply to the radiation of a He-Ne laser
stabilized with an internal iodine cell having a cold-
finger temperature of (16 f 1) "C and a frequency
modulation width, peak to peak, of (6f 1) MHz.
1.4 Absorbing molecule 12712, transition 11 - 5,
R(127), component a13 (or i)
The values f =473 612 214 705 kHz
1 =632 991 398,22 fm
with an estimated relative standard uncertainty of
2,5 x lo-'' apply to the radiation of a He-Ne laser
with an internal iodine cell, subject to the conditions:
cell-wall temperature (25 f 5) "C;
cold-finger temperature (1 5 f 0,2) "C;
frequency modulation width, peak to peak
(6 f 0,3) MHz;
one-way intracavity beam power* (1Of 5 ) mW,
for an absolute value of the power shift coefficient
<1,4 kHz/mW.
These conditions are by themselves insufficient to
ensure that the stated standard uncertainty will be
achieved. It is also necessary for the optical and
electronic control systems to be operating with the
appropriate technical performance. The iodine cell
may also be operated under relaxed conditions,
leading to the larger uncertainty specified in Appen-
dix M2 of the CCDM Report (1992), see page 525.
1.5 Absorbing molecule 12'12, transition 9-2, R(47),
component a, (or 0)
* Note: The one-way intracavity beam power is obtained by dividing the
output power by the transmittance of the output mirror.
The values .f= 489 880 354,9 MHz
=61 1 970 770,O fm
with an estimated relative standard uncertainty of
3 x I O-" apply to the radiation of a He-Ne laser
stabilized with an iodine cell, within or external to the
laser, having a cold-finger temperature of (- 5 f 2) "C.
1.6 Absorbing molecule 12' 12, transition 17- 1,
P(62), component a,
The values f =520 206 808,4 MHz
i. =576 294 760,4 fm
with an estimated relative standard uncertainty of
4x I O-'' apply to the radiation of a dye laser (or
frequency-doubled He-Ne laser) stabilized with an
iodine cell, within or external to the laser, having a
cold-finger temperature of (6 =i 2) "C.
1.7 Absorbing molecule 12712, transition 26 - 0,
R( 12) component a,
The values ,f= 55 1 579 482,96 MHz
i=543516333,1 fm
with an estimated relative standard uncertainty of
2,5 x I O-'' apply to the radiation of a frequency
stabilized He-Ne laser with an external iodine cell
having a cold-finger temperature of (0 i 2) "C.
1.8 Absorbing molecule 12712, transition 43 - 0,
P( 13), component a3 (or s)
The values ,f= 582 490 603,37 MHz
I,=514 673 466,4 fm
with an estimated relative standard uncertainty
of 2,5x I O-'' apply to the radiation of an Ar'
laser stabilized with an iodine cell external to the
laser, having a cold-finger temperature of ( - 5 =i 2) "C.
2. Radiations of Spectral Lamps
2.1 Radiation corresponding to the transition be-
tween the levels 2p,, and 5d, of the atom of 86Kr
The value E, =605 780 210,3 fm
with an estimated overall relative uncertainty of
Int. Poids et Mesures, 1960, 28, 71-72 and BIPM
Comptes Rendus 11th Conf. Gin. Poids et Mesures,
1960, 85).
2.2 Radiations of atoms 86Kr, I9*Hg and '14Cd
recommended by the CIPM in 1963 (BIPM Com.
Cons. Di f . Mdtre, 1962, 3, 18-19 and BIPM Proc.-
Verb. Com. Int. Poids et Mesures, 1963, 52, 26-27),
with the indicated values for the wavelengths and the
corresponding uncertainties.
APPENDIX M 2
Source Data for the List of Recommended Radiations,
1992
This Appendix has been derived from Document
CCDM/92-3 taking into account the new data presen-
ted at the 8th Meeting of the CCDM, 1992, and those
of 1982 published in Appendix M4 of the report of
the 7th Meeting of the CCDM, 1982 [l]. The numbers
in square brackets refer to thp Annotated Bibliogra-
phy at the end of this Appendix.
Values of frequency (and wavelength) may be
influenced by certain experimental conditions such as
the pressure and the purity of the absorbing medium,
the power transported by the beam through the
medium and beam geometry, as well as other effects
originating outside the laser itself and related to the
servo-system. The magnitude of these influences
remains compatible with the limits indicated by the
uncertainty (one standard deviation) provided that
the conditions of operation lie within the domain of
the ensemble of those of the measurements referred
to below.
1 .I Absorbing molecule CH,, transition v3, P(7).
component FL2) (i. 3,39 pm)
1.1.1 Hyperfine structure resolved
Absolute frequency determinations, fCH4 =(88 376 181 000 +x) kHz
Year Laser Frequency CCDM x/kHz
chain document
~ ~~~~~~
1991 Lebedev Phys. Inst. PTB 92-8a 600,29
1985-1986 Lebedev Phys. Inst. VNI I FTRI 92-9a 599,9
1989-1992 Lebedev Phys. Inst. VNI I FTRI 92-9a 600,ll
1989 PTB VNI I FTRI 92-9a 600,18
1992 PTB PTB 92- 14a 600,16
1988-1991 Inst. Laser Phys. IPL 92-23a 600.44
(IPL), Novosibirsk
Unweighted mean .f,,,,= 88 376 181 600.180 kHz
& 4 x [equivalent to three times the relative stan-
dard uncertainty of 1,3 x IO-,] applies to the radia-
tion emitted by a lamp operated under the conditions
recommended by the CIPM (BZPM Proc.-Verb. Com.
Measurements whose uncertainties were larger than
200 Hz have not been taken into account In the calcu-
lation of this mean. The relative standard uncertainty
of one realization of 2,9 x was estimated using
the maximum deviation from the mean and rounded
Adopted value:
to 3 x
Adopted value:*
fcH4=88 376 181 600,5 kHz
standard uncertainty 2 kHz
fCH4=88376181600,18 kHz
standard uncertainty 0,27 kHz
relative standard uncertainty 3 x
relative standard uncertainty 2,3 x lo-".
From which:
&,=3 392231 397,31 fm
standard uncertainty 0,08 fm
relative standard uncertainty 2,3 x lo-".
From which:
IzcH4= 3 392 23 1 397,327 fm
standard uncertainty 0,010 fm
relative standard uncertainty 3 x
In 1983 [1.1.2-71, the value adopted by the CIPM
wasf,,, =88 376 18 1 608 kHz with an estimated over-
-~~
I . 1.2 Hyperfine structure unresolved
Absolute frequency determinations, f&,4 =(88 376 181 000 +x ) kHz
Year Institute Device References x/kHz
1983
1985
Mean value
1986/89/90/9 1
Mean value 1988190
Mean value 1987189
Mean value over 7 years
Mean value 1985186188
1986
Mean value over 7 years
Mean value 1988/89/91
1991
Inst. Laser Phys.**
(Novosibirsk)
NRC
(Ottawa)
NRC
(Ottawa)
NRLM
(Tsukuba)
PTB
(Braunschweig)
VNIIFTRI
(Moscow)
VNIIFTRI
(Moscow)
VNIIFTRI
(Moscow)
BIPM
(Sevres)
BIPM
(Sevres)
BIPM
(Sevres)
Stationary device
Portable laser 2
Portable laser 3
Portable laser 1
CH, beam
Portable laser M 101
Portable laser P1
Portable laser PL
Portable laser B.3
Portable laser VB
Portable laser VNIBI
CCDM/92-23a
also 1.1.2-1,2,3
CCDM/92-4a
also 1.1.2-4
CCDM/92-4a
also 1.1.2-4
1.1.2-4
1.1.2-5,6
also 1.1.2-4
CCDM192-9a
also 1.1.2-4
CCDM/92-9a
also 1.1.2-4
CCDM/92-9a
1.1.2-4
1.1.2-4
CCDM192-20a
also 1.1.2-4
602,9
601,48
599,33
596,82
601,52
601,77
600,12
598,5
600,96
601,33
600.3
Unweighted mean fCH,=88376 181 600,46 kHz
Standard deviation of a determination 1,7 kHz.
This is equivalent to a relative uncertainty of
1,92 x lo-", increased by the CCDM to 2,3 x lo-"
to give an uncertainty of 2 kHz.
* This and subsequent adopted values are based upon the weighted or
unweighted means but rounded taking into account the size of the
uncertainties.
communicated to the BIPM as personal communications. If these two
additional values arc taken into account the unweighted mean changes
by only +0. I 4 kHz.
the PTB to within its relative uncertainty of 2 parts in
** Two other values from this laboratory, obtained in 1991, were
*** A value obtained Irom subsequent measurements agreed with that of
all relative uncertainty of 1,3 x lo-'' (equivalent to
three times the relative standard uncertainty).
1.2 Absorbing atom ,Oca, transition 3P, - 'So;
AmJ =0 (Ax 657 nm)
The following values have been obtained for the ratio
of the frequency fca of this transition to the frequency
A (see Section 1.4):
PTB 1989 [1.2-11
NRLM* ** 1991 [1.2-21
fca/h=0,96278395346(1d=7x lo-")
fca/A=0,9627839528 (1 f 1 x lo-')
Weighted mean fCa/A =0,962 783 953 45.
Taking into account the recommended value of
,f; =473 612 214 705 kHz (Section 1.4) the following
value of,fca is obtained:
jca =455 986 240 477 kHz.
Given the large difference in the two uncertainty
estimates, the CCDM considered it prudent to assume
a relative standard uncertainty of 4,5 x lo-", the
same as that determined for comparable measure-
ments in Section 1.3.
Adopted value:
fca =455 986 240,5 MHz
standard uncertainty 0,2 MHz
relative standard uncertainty 4,5 x IO-''.
From which:
i.,, =657 459 439,3 fm
standard uncertainty 0,3 fm
relative standard uncertainty 4,5 x I O-".
1.3 Absorbing molecule ''?I2, transition 8 - 5, P(10),
component a, (or g) (%%640 nm)
The following values have been obtained for the fre-
quency fa, of this transition:
NPL 1984 [1.3-11
fag =468 218 332 412 (1 i 1,0 x IO-") kHz
f a, =468 218 332 303 (1 i 1,2 x 10- lo) kHz
fa, =468 218 332 062 (1 i 4, 6 x IO-'') kHz
Weighted mean fa,=468 218 332358 kHz.
Given the small number of determinations, the
CCDM considered it prudent to assume a relative
standard uncertainty of 4,5 x I O-''.
Adopted value:
NTM-CSMU-PTB 1985 [1.3-21
IMGC-BIPM 1985 11.3-31
fa,=468 218 332,4 MHz
standard uncertainty 0,2 MHz
relative standard uncertainty 4,5 x 10-lo.
From which:
i,, =640 283 468,7 fm
standard uncertainty 0,3 fm
relative standard uncertainty 4,5 x 10- lo.
1.4 Absorbing molecule 12712, transition 11 - 5,
R(127). component a13 (or i ) (Ax633 nm)
The recommended frequency or wavelength values are
based on a phase-coherent frequency measurement at
LPTF [CCDM/92-19a] using a laser of the TNM
stabilized to component f.
LPTF/ETCA/I NM 1992 [1.4-11
J ;=473612214705,4 (1 *2,5x I O-") kHz.
Adopted value:
f, =473 61 2 214 705 kHz
standard uncertainty 12 kHz
relative standard uncertainty 2,5 x lo-".
From which:
Ai=632991 398,22 fm
standard uncertainty 0,02 fm
relative standard uncertainty 2,5 x 10- ''
For applications where relaxed tolerances, and
the resultant wider uncertainty range are acceptable,
the coefficients detailed in the Annotated Bibliogra-
phy [1.4-11 would lead to a standard uncertainty of
about 50 kHz (or a relative standard uncertainty of
1 x lo-'') for a laser operated under the conditions
recommended in 1983 [ 1.1.2-71.
In 1983, the value adopted by the CI PM was
=473 612 214,8 MHz with an estimated overall rela-
(equivalent to three times tive uncertainty of 1 x
the relative standard uncertainty).
1.5 Absorbing molecule I 2?I 2, transition 9 - 2, R(47),
component a, (or 0) (Ax612 nm)
The following values have been obtained for the fre-
quency fa, of this transition:
NPL 1982 [1.5-11
f,, =489 880 354972 (1 f 1 x IO-'') kHz
fa,=489880354721 (1 f 2, l x IO-")kHz
fa, =489880 355019 (1 f 8,4 x IO-") kHz
f,,=489880355055(1 f 3,Ox lO-")kHz
,f,,=489880354841(1*8,4x 1O-l')kHz
Unweighted mean fa, =489 880 354 922 kHz.
Other available values having relative standard
uncertainties higher than 3 x I O-'' have not been
used. The relative standard deviation calculated from
the dispersion of these five values is 2,8 x lo-''. This
value is rounded to 3 x 10- '' as the relative standard
uncertainty.
Adopted value:
BIPM 1982 [1.5-11
PTB/BIPM 1986 [1.5-21
VNIIM 1989 [1.5-31
TNM 1991 [lS-41
fa, =489 880 354,9 MHz
standard uncertainty 0,15 MHz
relative standarduncertainty 3 x I O- l o.
From which:
;la, =61 1 970 770,O fm
standard uncertainty 0,18 fm
relative standard uncertainty 3 x lo-''.
In 1983, the value adopted by the CI PM was
fa, =489 880 355,l MHz with an estimated overall
relative uncertainty of 1,l x lo-, (equivalent to three
times the relative standard Uncertainty).
1.6 Absorbing molecule I 2?I 2, transition 17 - I ,
P(62), component a, (or 0) (Ax576 nm)
The following values have been obtained for the fre-
quency f,, of this transition:
NBS 1982 [1.6-11
fa, =520 206 808 491 (1 f 1,5 X IO-") kHz
fa,=52O2068O8272(1f1 x lO-")kHz
Unweighted mean fa, =520 206 808 382 kHz.
With this mean based on only two determina-
tions, the CCDM considered it prudent to assume an
estimated relative standard uncertainty of 4 x lo-",
closely equivalent to the difference between the two
values.
Adopted value:
NPL 1984 [1.6-21
f,, =520 206 808,4 MHz
standard uncertainty 0,2 MHz
relative standard uncertainty 4 X 10-lo.
From which:
A,, =576 294 760,4 fm
standard uncertainty 0,2 fm
relative standard uncertainty 4 X lo-''.
In 1983, the value adopted by the CIPM was
fa, =520 206 808,51 MHz with an estimated overall
relative uncertainty of 6 x lo-'' (equivalent to three
times the relative standard uncertainty).
1.7 Absorbing molecule 12712, transition 26- 0, R(12),
component a, (A FZ 543,5 nm)
The following values have been obtained for the fre-
quency fa, of this transition:
PTB 1991 [1.7-11
f,, =551 579 483 029 (1 f 8,4 x lo-") kHz
f,,=551579482900(1f13x 10-l')kHz
Unweighted mean fa, =551 579 482 964 kHz.
With this mean based on only two determina-
tions, linked by the same reference frequency, the
CCDM considered it prudent to assume an estimated
relative standard uncertainty of 2,5 x lo-'' closely
equivalent to the difference between the two values.
Adopted value:
NPL 1992 [1.7-21
fa, =551 579 482,96 MHz
standard uncertainty 0,14 MHz
relative standard uncertainty 2,5 x
A,, =543 5 16 333,l fm
standard uncertainty 0,14 fm
relative standard uncertainty 2,5 x lo-''.
From which:
1.8 Absorbing molecule 12712, transition 43 -0, P(13),
component a3 (or s) (Ax515 nm)
The following values have been obtained for the ratio
of the frequency f., of this transition to the frequency
A (see Section 1.4):
NPL 1982 [1.8-11
S,,/A=1,22988931688(1fl x lo-'')
BIPM 1982 [1.8-11
fa3/x= 1,22988931688(1&2,5~ lo-'')
&,/A =1,229 889 317 33 (1 f 7 x lo-")
fa3/A=1,22988931744(1&7x lo-")
fa,/&= 1,229 889 317 36 (1 f 8 x lo-'')
fa& =1,229 889 317 45 (1 f 8 x lo-")
Unweighted mean &,/A =1,229 889 3 17 22.
Other available values having relative uncertain-
ties higher than 2,5 x lo-'' have not been used.
Taking the recommended value
A =473 612 214 705 kHz (Section 1.4),
PTB 1989 [1.8-21
PTB 1985 [1.8-31
PTB 1986 [1.8-41
PTB 1991 [1.8-51
the following value for fa, is obtained:
fa, =582 490 603 371 kHz.
The relative standard uncertainty calculated from
the dispersion of the six values is 2,2 x lo-", which
the CCDM preferred to round up to 2,5 x lo-''.
Adopted value:
fa, =582 490 603,37 MHz
standard uncertainty 0,15 MHz
relative standard uncertainty 2,5 x lo-''.
A,, =5 14 673 466,4 fm
standard uncertainty 0,13 fm
relative standard uncertainty 2,5 x 10-lo.
In 1983, the value adopted by the CIPM was
fa, =582 490 603,6 MHz with an estimated overall
relative uncertainty of 1,3 x lo-' (equivalent to three
times the relative standard uncertainty).
2.1 Radiation corresponding to the transition be-
tween the levels 2p10 and 5d, of the atom of
(A x 606 nm)
The following value was obtained from (Ai)Kr x (l/AKr):
From which:
[2. 1-11 &/A= 1,04491924205.
Taking the recommended value of
L=473612214705kHz (Section 1.4) and using the
relative standard uncertainty as given in [2.1-11 of
1,3 x lo-,, the following value forfKr is obtained:
Adopted value:
fKI =494 886 516 41 5 kHz.
fKr =494 886 5 16,4 MHz
standard uncertainty 0,6 MHz
relative standard uncertainty 1,3 x lo-,.
From which:
AKI=605 780210,3 fm
standard uncertainty 0,8 fm
relative standard uncertainty 1,3 x lo-,.
In 1983, the value adopted by the CIPM was
R,, =605 780 210 fm with an estimated overall relative
uncertainty of 4 x lo-' (equivalent to three times the
relative standard uncertainty).
Annotated Bibliography
I .
1 .I .2-1
1.1.2-2
I . 1.2-3
1.1.2-4
1.1.2-5
1.1.2-6
1.1.2-7
1.2-1
1.2-2
BIPM Com. Cons. Di$ Metre, 1982, 7, M53-
M64.
Zakharyash V. F., Klementyev V. M., Nikitin
M. V., Timchenko B. A., Chebotayev V. P.,
Absolute measurement of the frequency of the E-
line of methane, SOV. Phvs. Tech. Phys., 1983,
Chebotayev V. P., Klementyev V. M., Nikitin
M. V., Timchenko B. A., Zakharyash V. F.,
Comparison of frequency stabilities of the Rb
standard and of the He-Ne/CH, laser stabilized
to the E-line in methane, Appl. Phys.. 1985, B36,
Bagayev S. N., Borisov B. D., Gol'dort V. G.,
Gusev A. Yu et al., An optical standard of time.
Actometrya, 1983, 3, 37-58.
Felder R., A decade of work on the determination
of the frequency of the Fi methane transition at
I. =3,39 Fm, BIPM Rapport BIPM/92-8.
Weiss C. O., Kramer G., Lipphardt B., Garcia
E., Frequency measurement of a CH, hyperfine
line at 88 THz/"Optical clock", IEEE J. Quant.
Elec,tron., 1988, 24, I O, 1970-1972.
Felder R., Robertsson L., Report on the 1989
PTB experiment, BIPM Rapport BIPMl92-7.
BIPM Proc.-Verb. Com. Int. Poids et Mesures,
1983, 51, 25-28 and Documents concerning the
new definition of the metre, Metrologia, 1984, 19,
Bonsch G.. Nicolaus A., Brand U,, Wellenlangen-
bestimmung der Ca-Interkombinationslinie mit
dem Michelson-Interferometer der PTB, PTB
Mitteilungen. 1989, 99, 329-334 [Document
CCDMi92-14iI.
This paper gives:
23, 11, 1374-1375.
59-6 1.
165-166.
j .ca'i i =l ,038 65461863 (l f 7xI O- ")
One calculates:
,fca/x =0,962 783 95346(l i 7 x I O- ' I ) .
I to N., Ishikawa J ., Morinaga A., Frequency
locking a dye laser to the central optical Ramsey
fringe in a Ca atomic beam and wavelength mea-
surement, J . Opt. Soc. Am. , 1991, B8, 1388-1390
[Document CCDM/92-13d].
This paper gives:
j.,,=657,4594396(1 f 1 x 10-9)nm.
With the value adopted by the CI PM in 1983 [ I ]
of
,fi=473 612 214,8 ( I f 3, 4x lo-'') MHz,
one can calculate:
fca/J =0,9627839528(1 f 1 x
1.3-1 Bennett S . J ., Mills-Baker P., Iodine stabilized
640 nm helium-neon laser, Opt. Commun., 1984.
51, 322-324 [Document CCDM/92-12d].
From this paper, the ratio f J f i has been calcula-
ted [Document CCDM/92-12a].
The value is:
fglfi=0,988 61 1 184 191 (1 f 1 x I O-")
(1 standard deviation).
With the recommended value of
x=473612214705 (l*2,5 x I O-") kHz
(Section 1.4), one calculates:
at an iodine pressure of 16 Pa (or a cold-finger
reference temperature of 14,3"C) and a modula-
tion width of 7 MHz. For a reference temperature
of 16C and a modulation width of 6 MHz,
peak to peak, corrections of -23 kHz and
+8 kHz have to be applied to this value assum-
ing pressure-dependent frequency shift of
- 7,8 kHz/Pa and modulation-dependent shift
of -7,6 kHz/MHz, similar to that reported in
[ 1.3-21, giving:
fa9=468218332412(1 f 1,Ox I O-'') kHz.
fg=468218332427 (l f 1, 03x lo-'') kHz
1.3-2 Zhao K. G., Blabla J ., Helmcke J ., '271,-stabili-
zed 3He-22Ne laser at 640 nm wavelength, ZEEE
Trans. Instrum. Meas., 1985, IM-34. 252-256
[Document CCDM/92- 10.2c].
This paper gives:
il a9 =640,2834688(1fI ,l x lo-') nm
(3 standard deviations).
Bonsch G., Simultaneous wavelength comparison
of iodine-stabilized lasers at 515 nm, 633 nm and
640 nm, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 1985. IM-
This paper gives:
34, 248-25 1.
Li/ia9 =0,988 61 1 183 86 (1 f 12 x 10- '')
(1 standard deviation)
[Document CCDM/92-14a].
With the recommended value of
~=473612214705 (1f 2,5x IO-") kHz
(Section 1.4) one calculates:
f a, =468 21 8 332 270 ( 1 f 1.23 x I O- I o) kHz
at a cold-finger temperature of 18C (iodine
pressure =22,6 Pa). For a reference temperature
of 16 "C (iodine pressure =18,9 Pa) a correction
of +29 kHz (using -7,8 kHz/Pa) has to be
applied to this value. To account for the modula-
tion width of 6,s MHz, peak to peak, and a
modulation dependence of - 7,6 kHz/MHz, an
additional correction of +4 kHz has to be
applied, giving:
fa,=468 218 332 303 ( 1 k I .2 x 10- I " ) kHz
1.3-3
1.4- 1
Document CCDM/92-6a and document CCDM/
92-20a.
These papers give:
1.q (17c)/~al ,(200c)
=1,011 520 341 04 (1 & 4,6 x 10- lo).
With the recommended value of
fi=473612214705 ( 1 f 2,5 x IO-") kHz
(Section 1.4) one calculates:
S,,=468 218 332 048 ( 1&4, 6~ IO-'') kHz
at a cold-finger tempefature of 17 "C (iodine
pressure =20,7 Pa). For a reference temperature
of 16 " C (iodine pressure =18,9 Pa) a correction
of +14 kHz has to be applied to this value,
giving:
f,,=468218332062(1f4,6x lo-'') kHz.
Acef O., Zondy J . J ., Abed M., Rovera D. G.,
Gtrard A. H., Clairon A., Laurent Ph., Mille-
rioux Y. , J uncar P., A CO, to Visible Optical
Frequency Synthesis Chain: Accurate Measure-
ment of the 473 THz He-Ne/I, Laser, Opt. Com-
mun., 1993, 97, 29-34 and document CCDM/92-
19a.
These papers give:
ff (INM) =(473 612 353 586 & 3,4 ) kHz.
Taking into account the frequency difference
fr -fi =( 1 38 892 f 5) kHz between the components
f and i [Appendix M3, Table 121, the frequency
of component i of the I NM laser is
J (INM)=473 612214694,O kHz.
Document CCDM/92-20a.
This paper gives:
h w i z - ~ B I P M ~ =-(1194* 195) kHz.
Chartier J .-M., Robertsson L., Fredin-Picard S.,
Recent activities at BIPM in the field of stabilized
lasers - Radiations recommended for the defini-
tion of the meter, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.,
1991, 40, 181-184 [Document CCDM/92-20p].
Chartier J .-M., Robertsson L., Sommer M. et
al., International comparison of iodine-stabilized
helium-neon lasers at 1 =633 nm involving seven
laboratories, Metrologia, 1991, 28, 19-25 [Docu-
ment CCDM/92-20q].
Chartier J .-M., Darnedde H., Frennberg M. et
al., Intercomparison of Northern European 2712
stabilized He-Ne lasers at 1 =633 nm, Metrologiu,
Document CCDM/92-20y.
These papers show that the frequency of laser
BIPM4 is very close to the mean. It was agreed
that the CCDM should adopt an international
value close to this average.
By applying the corresponding frequency
difference (CCDM/92-20a) f,(BIPM) -fi(INM)
=1 1,4 kHz, the value is
1992, 29, 331-339.
'
fi =473 612 214 705,4 kHz.
The standard uncertainty was derived from the
uncertainty of the frequency chain and uncertain-
ties resulting from variations in operational para-
meters listed below:
Iodine cell
cell-wall temperature (25 f 5) "C
[coefficient 0,5 kHz/'C]
cold-finger temperature (1 5 f 0,2) "C
[coefficient - 15 kHz/"C]
uncertainty of the iodine purity
Frequency modulation width, peak to peak,
(6 f 0,3) MHz [coefficient - 10 kHz/MHz]
One-way intracavity beam power,
(10 f 5) mW [absolute value of the
coefficient <1,4 kHz/mW]
Uncertainty of the intervalfr-f;
Uncertainty of the frequency difference
Uncertainty of the LPTF/ETCA/INM
frequency measurement
Combined standard uncertainty
Relative standard uncertainty
h NM - f BI PM
2,s kHz
3,O kHz
5,O kHz
3,O kHz
7,O kHz
5,O kHz
1,5 kHz
3,4 kHz
11,7 kHz
2,5 x I O-"
1.5-1 BIPM Com. Cons. DkJ MPtre, 1982, 7, M 57 and
Documents concerning the new definition of the
metre, Metrologia, 1984, 19, 167.
These papers give:
NPL 1982 [I21
f,/fi= 1,03434907243 (1 * 1 x IO-'')
BIPM 1982 [24]
f0/~=1,03434907190 ( l f 2, l x lo-").
Measurements whose relative uncertainties were
larger than 3 x I O-'' have not been taken into
account.
From the values of these ratios and with the
recommended value of
J =473 612214 705 (1 f 2,5 x IO-'') kHz
(Section 1.4), one calculates:
NPL 1982
f, orfa, =489 880 354 972 (1 & 1 x IO-") kHz
BIPM 1982
fo orf., =489880354721(1*2,1 x IO-")kHz.
1.5-2 Bonsch G., Glaser M., Spieweck F., Bestimmung
der Welleniangenverhaltnisse von Drei "1,-
Stabilisierten Lasem bei 515 nm, 612 nm und
633 nm, PTB Jahresbericht, 1986, 161 [Document
CCDM/92-14n] and Document CCDM/92-14a.
These papers give:
1blS/1i =0,966 791 921 43 (1 *8 X lo-").
With the recommended value of
fi =473 612 214 705 (1 f 2,5 x IO-") kHz
(Section 1.4), one calculates:
fblS =489880194701 (1f 8,4x IO-") kHz.
Using the frequency difference
fbl s -fa,=(-160318f3)kHz
[Appendix M 3, Table 81, one calculates:
fa, =489 880 355019(1 f 8,4 x IO-") kHz.
Vitushkin L. F., Zakharenko Yu. G., Yvanov I.
V. , Leibengardt G. I., Shur V. L., Measurements
of wavelength of high-stabilized He-Ne/I, laser
at 612 nm, Opt . Spektr., 1990, 68, 705-707.
This paper gives:
1.5-3
j.,J& =1,034 348 712 (1 f 3 x 10- lo).
With the recommended value of
f, =473 612 214 705 (1 f 2,5 x lo-") kHz
(Section 1.4) and using the frequency difference
f, -fi =(165 1 16 f 5) kHz between the compo-
nents d and i [Appendix M 3, Table 121, one cal-
cula tes:
,f, =473 612379 821 (1 *2,7 x lo-") kHz
and
,f, or,fa,=489880355055(1 i 3,O x IO-'O)kHz.
Himbert M., Bouchareine P., Hachour A. , J uncar
P., Millerioux Y., Razet A., Measurements of
optical wavelength ratios using a compensated
field sigmameter, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.,
1991,40,200-203 [Document CCDM/92-19g] and
Document CCDM/92-19a.
These papers give:
1.5-4
A or fa, , =(489 880 604 541 f 88) kHz.
With the values adopted by the CIPM in 1983 [l]
off, =473 612214,s MHz and the frequency diffe-
rence f, -f, =(1 52 255 f 5) kHz [Appendix M 3,
Table 121, one obtains:
fe=473 612 367 055 kHz and
fa,,/fe= 1,034 349 267.
With the recommended value of
,fi=473612214705 (1f 2,5x lo-") kHz
(Section 1.4) and the frequency difference f, -A,
one calculates:
fe=473 612 366 960 kHz and
fa, , =489 880 604 443 kHz
using the uncertainty on the ratio fa13/fe given in
document CCDM/92-19g of * 8 x 10- 'I , one
obtains:
fal,=4898806O4443 (l f8,4xl O-")kHz.
Using the frequency difference
fa, -fa,, =( - 249 602 f 10) kHz
between the components a, and a13 [Appendix
M 3, Table 71one calculates:
fa,=489 880 354 841 ( 1i 8, 4~ lO-")kHz.
1.6-1
1.6-2
1.7-1
1.7-2
NBS measurement of frequencies in the visible
and near IR [Document CCDM/82-301.
This document gave the value 520 206 808 547
(1 f 1,5 x 10-lo) kHz, which was reduced by
12 kHz at the request of the delegate at the
7th Meeting of the CCDM. The value must
now also be multiplied by the ratio
(88 376 181 600,5/88 376 181 608) to account for
the 1992 respecification of the methane frequency
(Section 1.1.2), giving:
,fa, =520 206 808491 (1 f 1,5 x lo-") kHz.
Barwood G. P., Rowley W. R. C., Characteristics
of a '271,-stabilized dye laser at 576 nm, Metrolo-
gia, 1984, 20, 19-23 [Document CCDM/92-12c].
This publication supersedes Document CCDM/
This paper gives:
82-34.
f,,/fa13= 1,098 381 317 29 (1 f 1 x lo-").
With the recommended value of
fa13=4736i22i4705 (l f 2,5x I O- ") kHz
(Section 1.4) one calculates:
fa, =520 206 808 272 (I * 1 x lO-'O)kHz
Documents CCDM/92-14a, CCDM/92-14j and
Brand U., Ein iodstabilisiertes He-Ne Laser-Wel-
lenlangennormal griiner Strahlung, PTB Bericht,
1991, Opt.34, 1-109 [Document CCDM192-1411.
These papers give:
,?a9/Li =0,858 647 265 30 (1 f 8 x 10- ")
(1 standard deviation).
With the recommended value of
J ;=473612214705 (1f 2,5x l o-") kHz
(Section 1.4) one calculates:
fa,=551 579 483 037 (1f 8,4x lo-") kHz
at a cold-finger temperature of - 10C (iodine
pressure =1,4 Pa). For a reference temperature
of 0C (iodine pressure=4,1 Pa), a correction of
-8 kHz has to be applied to this value with the
pressure dependence of - 3,O kHz/Pa (document
CCDM/92-14j, p. 44), giving:
fa,= 551 579483 029 ( 1 f 8.4 x l o-") kHz.
Document CCDM/92- 12a.
This paper gives:
f bl o (O OC)/fi
=1,164624021 92 (1 & 12X lo-").
With the recommended value of
f;=473612214705 ( 1i 2. 5~ l o- ") kHz
(Section 1.4) one calculates:
fblo=551 580162320 (1+12,3x lo-") kHz
at a cold-finger temperature of 0C (iodine
pressure =4,l Pa). From the measured value of
fb!o -fa9 =(679 420 i 15) kHz (standard uncer-
tainty) [Appendix M 3, Table 51, one calculates:
fa,= 551 579482900(1 f 13 x lo-") kHz.
1.8-1
1.8-2
1.8-3
BIPM Com. Cons. 0125 M?tre, 1982, 7, M 57 and
Documents concerning the new definition of the
metre, Metrologia, 1984, 19, 168.
These papers give:
NPL 1982 [I21
fa,/L =1,229 889 316 88 (1 f 1 x I O- lo)
BIPM 1982 [27l
f&= 1,229 889 316 88 (1 If: 2,5 x 10- lo).
Measurements whose relative uncertainties were
larger than 2,5 x have not been taken into
account.
Bonsch G., Nicolaus A., Brand U., Wellenlangen-
bestimmung der Ca-Interkombinationslinie mit
dem Michelson-Interferometer der PTB, PTB
Mitteilungen, 1989, 99, 329-334 [Document
CCDM/92-14i].
This paper gives:
,(/&=0,813081 29594(1&7x I O-");
one calculates:
fa,/fi =1,229 889 3 17 33 (1 i 7 x 10- I I ) .
Bonsch G., Simultaneous wavelength comparison
of iodine-stabilized lasers at 515 nm, 633 nm and
640 nm, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 1985, IM-
This paper gives:
34, 248-251.
A/fa3 =0,813081295 87(1 f 7 x lo-");
APPENDIX M 3
Frequency Intervals between Hyperfine Components
of Absorption Lines of Iodine
These tables replace those published in BIPM Com.
Cons. D&J M&e, 1982, 7, M65-M75 and Metrologia,
The notation for the hyperfine components is
1984, 19, 170-178.
that used in the bibliography.
Table 1. (unit: MHz; s: estimated standard uncertainty)
1.8-4
1.8-5
2.1-1
one calculates:
fJA= 1,229 889 31744 (1 * 7 x I O- ll).
Bonsch G., Glaser M., Spieweck F., Bestimmung
der Wellenlangenverhaltnisse von drei 2712-
stabilisierten Lasern bei 515 nm, 612 nm und
633 nm, PTB Jahresbericht, 1986, 161 [Document
CCDM/92-14n].
This paper gives:
fi/fa, =0,813 081 295 92(1 f 8 x IO-");
one calculates:
fa,/A=1,229 88931736( l f 8~10- ~~) .
Bonsch G., Nicolaus A., Brand U., Wellenlangen-
bestimmung fur den I,-stabilisierten He-Ne-Laser
bei 544 nm, PTB Jahresbericht, 1991, 173-174
[Document CCDM/92-141].
This paper gives:
=0,813 081 295 86 (1 f 8 x 10- ");
one calculates:
f,,h =1,229 889 3 1745 (1 f 8 x lo-' ').
BIPM Com. Cons. D& Metre, 1982, 7, M 58 and
Documents concerning the new definition of the
metre, Metrologia, 1984, 19, 168.
fKr/A= 1,04491924205(1 i 1, 3 x
The values adopted for the frequency intervals
are the weighted means of the values given in the
bibliography.
For the uncertainties, account has been taken of
the uncertainties given by the authors;
the spread in the different determinations of a
single component;
the effect of any perturbing components; and
the difference between the calculated and the
measured values.
12515 nm; '*'I2, transition 43-0, P(13)
Reference: component a3 (or s), f= 582 490 603,37 MHz [I]
Component f ( aJ -f (a31 S Component f (a,) -f (a,) S
a1 - 131,770 0,001 a1 1 393,962 0,002
a2 - 59,905 0,001 a12 43 5,599 0,003
a3 0 - a13
499,7 1 2 0,005
a4 76,049 0,002 a14 518 1
a5 203,229 0,005 a15 587,396 0,002
a8 338,699 0,005 a1 8 740 1
a9 349,7 17 0,005 742 1
a10 369 1 a20 757,631 0,010
a6 240,774 0,005 a16 616,756 0,005
a1 255,005 0,oo 1 a17 660,932 0,005
a2 1 817,337 0,005
Ref. [2-51
Table 2. (unit: MHz; s: estimated standard uncertainty)
;.=SI 5 nm; 12712, transition 43-0, R(15)
L
0 componenta,, 43-0, P(13), lZ7I 2,f=582490603,37 MHz[I ]
0 f(b,)-f(al)=[283,835+0,005] MHz [3,6]
0 f(a,)-f(a,)=[- 131,77OfO,001] MHz (Table 1)
Component
f (b,)-.f(b,)
0
69.739
129.155
217
335.828
368
396.442
47 1
412
500.627
S
0,005
0,005
0.005
1
0,005
I
0,005
1
1
0.005
f (bJ - f (b1)
525,207
566,287
630,782
658,178
725,166
739,394
791,673
865,523
874,840
892,895
947,278
0,005
0,005
0,005
0,005
0,005
0.005
0,005
0,005
0,005
0.010
0,010
Ref. [ 3 . 4. 61
Table 3. (unit: MHz; s: estimated standard uncertainty)
i - 515 nm: 12' 12, transition 58-1, R(98)
0 componenta,, 43-0, P(13), '271Z,f=582490603,37 MHz[l ]
0 f(d6)-f(a3)=[-2100+1] MHz [7]
Component f (4) -f (d6) S Component f (d,) -f (ds) S
References
d, 1 - 413,488 0,005 d8 8 200,478 0,005
d2 2 - 359,553 0,005 d9 9 225,980 0,005
d3 3 - 194,521 0,005 dl 0 10 253 1
d4 4 - 159,158 0,005 dl 1 11 254 1
d5 5
d, 7 172,200 0,005 dl 4 14 481,574 o.uu3
- 105,769 0,005 dl , 12 3 14,13 1 0.005
d6 6 0 - d13 l 3 426,691 0.005
dl5 15 510,246 0,005
Ref. [4. 6. 71
Table 4. (unit: MHz; s: estimated standard uncertainty)
i x543.5 nm: '"1,. transition 26-0. R(12)
Reference: component a,, f= 551 579482,96 MHz [l]
Component f (a,) -f (as) S Component .f (a,) -f (as) S
a1 -482,822
0,015 a9 0
-
a2 - 230,450 0,O 15 a10 83,283 0,015
- 220,688 0,028 a1 1 193,769 0,033
a3
a4 - 173,917 0,015 a1 2 203,037 0,030
- 168,710 0,015 a13' 256,166 0.023
a5
- 11 6,493 0,015 a14 269,370 0,017
a7 - 72,983 0,015 a15 373,511 0,015
- 53.724 0,O 15
a6
Ref. [8-131 533
Table 5. (unit: MHz; s: estimated standard uncertainty)
12543,5 nm; 12'12, transition 28-0, R(106)
Reference: component a,, 26-0, R(12), 12'12, f=551 579482,96 MHz [l]
Component f (b") -f (as) S Component f (b,) -f (as) 5
bl 105,637 0,O 16 b9 564,849 0,015
b2 358,943
0,015 b10 679,420 0,015
b3 387,823 0,O 16 bl l 804,246 0,020
b4 397,265 0,015 b12 811,724 0,020
b5 425,741 0,020 b13 833,939 0,020
b6 506,727 0,015 b14 842,064 0,020
b7 519,996 0,017 bl5 966,655 0,021
b8 55 1,66 1 0,021
Ref. [8-13]
Table 6. (unit: MHz; s: estimated standard uncertainty)
l e576 nm; 12'12, transition 17-1, P(62)
Reference: component a, (or o), f= 520206808,4 MHz [l]
Component f (a,)-f (aJ S Component f ( a3 -f (all 5
a1 0 0
a2 n 275,03
a3 m 287,05
a4 1 292,57
a5 k 304,26
a6 j 416,67
- a7 i 4283 1
0,02 a, h 440,17
0,02 a9 g 452,30
0,02 a10 f 579,43
0,02 - -
-
0,02 a1 5 a 869,53
0,02
0,02
0,02
0,03
0,03
-
Ref. [14, 151
Table 7. (unit: MHz; s: estimated standard uncertainty)
12612 nm; 12'12, transition 9-2, R(47)
Reference: component a, (or o), f= 489 880 354,9 MHz [ 11
Component f (a,) -f (a,) S Component f (a,) -f (a,) 5
249,602 0,o 1
a2 t - 333,97 0,o 1 a1 2
a3 s -312,46 0,02 3 1
a4 r - 86,168 0,007 a14 284,304 0,01
a6 P - 36,773
0,003 a16 384,66 0,o 1
a7 0 0
-
e 403,764 0,02
a8 n 8 1,452 0,003 a18 d 429,993 0,02
a9 m 99,103
0,003 a19 C 527,165 0,02
a10 1 107,463 0,005 a20 b 539,222 0,02
a2 1 a 555,093 0,02
a1 -357,16 0,02 a1 1 k 119,045 0,006
j 2 1 9,602 0,006
a5 4 - 47,274 0,004 a1 5 g 358,37 0,03
Ref. [16, 18, 19, 21, 241
Table 8. (unit: MHz; s: estimated standard uncertainty)
i.2612 nm: '"I2, transition 11-3, P(48)
Reference: component a,, 9-2, R(47), 12712r f=489880354,9 MHz [I ]
Component f(b,) -/(a7, 12712) S Component f(b,)-f(a,, l Z7 I 2 ) S
b, - 1 034,75 0,07 b9 - 579,91 0,o 1
b2 - 755.86 0,05 bl, -452,163 0,005
b3 - 748,28 0,03 bll -316,6 0,4
b4 - 738,35 0,04 b12 -315,8 0,4
b5 - 731,396 0,006 b,, - 297,42 0,03
b6 - 616,Ol 0,03 b,4 - 294,72 0,03
b. - 602,42 0,03 bl5 - 160,318 0,003
Ref. [16. 18. 19. 21. 241
b8 - 593,98 0,o 1
Table 9. (unit: MHz: s: estimated standard uncertainty)
1-612 nm: 12'12, transition 15-5, R(48)
Reference: component a,, 9-2, R(47), l Z7I 2, f=489 880354,9 MHz [I ]
Component f(c,)-f(a,, 12'12) S
C1 - 513,83 0,03
c2 - 237,40 0,03
c3 - 228,08 0,03
c4 - 218,78 0,03
c5 - 209,96 0,03
'6 - 97,74 0,03
C8 - 73,92 0,03
c9 - 59,30 0,03
Ref. [I61
Table 10. (unit: MHz; s: estimated standard uncertainty)
Az612 nm; 12912, transition 10-2, P(110)
Reference: component a7, 9-2, R(47), '''I2, f=489880354,9 MHz [I ]
Component f(a,)-f(a,, 12712) S Component f W -f(a,, lZ712) s
a, b' - 376,29 0,05 a1 5 n 1,61 0,20
a3 - 230,79 0,20 7 1 15,82 0,20
a4 Y - 229,40 0,20 a18 25,32 0,lO
j 49,44 0.15
54,66 0,20 a6 w - 149,37 0,lO a20 1
a7 v - 134,68 0,lO a2 1 h 69,02 0,lO
a8 - 130,98 0,lO a22 g 74,47 0.15
a9 t - 116,67 0,05 a23 f 110,60 0,lO
a10 s - 96,26 0,20 a24 e 153,09 0,20
a11 r - 90,70 0,20 a2 5 d 154,70 0,20
a12 q - 84,12 0,20 a26 C 163,98 0,20
a13 P - 77,79 0,20 7 b 166,22 0,20
a14 - 72,70 0,20 a28 a 208,29 0,lO
a2 a' - 244,76 0,lO a16 m 10,63 0,15
a5 x -216,lO 0,05
Ref [27. 75. 261
Table 11. (unit: MHz; s: estimated standard uncertainty)
1,=612 nm; 12912, transition 14-4, R(113)
Reference: component a7, 9-2, R(47), 12712, f=489880354,9 MHz [l]
-410,4
- 390,O
- 383,9
- 362,8
- 352,9
- 346,4
- 330,O
- 324,9
- 304,7
b28 i
b29 h
b30 g
b32 e
b33 d
b34 C
b35 b
b36 a
b31
- 289,4
-273,l
- 255,7
- 247
- 237
- 223
- 198,6
- 193,l
- 187,O
Ref. [25, 261
Table 12. (unit: MHz; s: estimated standard uncertainty)
2x633 nm; 12'12, transition 11-5, R(127)
Reference: component aI 3 (or i), f=473612214,705 MHz [ I]
Component f (an) -f 3) S Component f (a,) -f (a1 3) S
j
a3 s - 558,9 O S a13 1
a4 r - 320,73 0,Ol a14 21,939 0,005
a2 t - 582,9 095 a12 - 21,565 0,005
-
0
a5 9 - 292,69 0,05 a1 5 g 125,694 0,005
a6 P - 290,29 0,05
a16
138,892 0,005
a7 0 - 263,20 0,Ol a17 e 152,255 0,005
a8 n - 162,814 0,005 a18 d 165,116 0,005
a10 1 - 137,994 0,005 a20 b 291,100 0,005
a11 k - 129,950 0,005 a2 1 a 299,93 1 0,005
Ref. [27-391
a9 m - 153,801 0,005 a19 C 283,006 0,005
Table 13. (unit: MHz; s: estimated standard uncertainty)
13633 nm; 12712, transition 6-3, P(33)
References
0 componenta,,, 11-5, R(127), 12712,f=473612214,705 MHz [ I ]
0 f(b2,)-f(a13, 11-5, R(127)) =[ - 39333 &0,02] MHz [40]
Component f(bd-f(b21) S Component f@") -f (b2l) S
bl U - 922,57 0,02 bl l k - 439,02 0,02
b2 t - 895,06 0,02 b12 j - 347,36 0,02
b3 s - 869,68 0,02 b13 i -310,28 0,02
b4 r - 660,52 0,02 b14 h - 263,60 0,02
b5 9 -610,71 0,02 bl 5 g -214,56 0,02
b6 P - 594,Ol 0,02 b16 - 179,30 0,02
b? 0 - 547,42 0,02 bl 7 e - 153,94 0,02
b8 n - 487,08 0,02 bl8 d - 118,22 0,02
b9 m - 461,27 0,02 bl9 C - 36,72 0,02
- 453,23 0,02 b2o b - 21,98 0,02 b10 1
-
b21 a 0
Ref. [35, 40,-421
Table 14. (unit: MHz; s: estimated standard uncertainty)
i z633 nm; lZ9I2, transition 8-4, P(54)
0 componenta,,, 11-5, R(127), 1271z,f=473612214,705 MHz [l]
0 f(a28,8-4,P(54))-f(a13, 11-5, R(127))=[95,90*0,04] MHz [43-451
References
Component f(a,)-f(a,,) S Component fb") -f(a2s) S
a, z' - 449
2 5 j ' - 206,05 02
a3 Y J - 443 2 a16 i' - 197,73 0,08
a, x' - 434
2 a17 h' - 193,23 0,08
a5 w' - 429
2 a18 g' - 182,74 0,03
a, U' - 345,l
1 a20 e' - 155,72 0,05
a, t' - 340,8 1 a2 1 d' - 138,66 0,05
a, s' - 325,4
1 a2 2 C' - 130,46 0,05
a10 r' - 307,O 1 a2 3 - 98,22 0.03
a6 VI - 360,9 1 a19 f ' - 162,61 0,os
a11 q' - 298,2 1 a24 ''1 - 55,6* 0.5
a12 P' - 293,l
1 a25 n1
a14 n' - 282,7 1 a27 m1 - 41,24 0,os
a13 - 289,7 1 a26 m2 - 43,08 0,03
-
a28 k 0
*Al so component m, of 6-3, P(33), 1271'291.
Ref. [46-511
Table 15. (unit: MHz; s: estimated standard uncertainty)
i.2633 nm; lz9I 2, transition 12-6, P(69)
References
0 componenta,,, 11-5, R(127), 12712,f=473612214,705 MHz [l]
0 , f ( aZ8, 8-4, P(54)) -f (al 3, 11-5, R(127))=[95,90+0,041 MHz [43-451
Component f ( W - f ( aZ8, 1291z) S Component f(b,)-f(a,,, lz9I2) S
b, b"' 99,12 0,05 b20 q' 507,66 0,lO
b, a"' 1 16,08 0,os b22 Of 535,65 0,lO
b3 z" 132,05 0,05 b2 3 n' 536,59 0,lO
b5 r" 256,90* 0,os b25 1' 560,94 0,os
b6 q" 264,84** 0,os b26 kt 566,19 0,os
b, s" 234,54 0,05 b24 m' 545,06 0,05
b, P" 288,06 0,05 b27 j' 586,27 0,03
b, k" 337,75 0,1 b28 i' 601,78 0,03
b29 h' 620,85 0,03
0,5 b30 g' 632,42 0,03
b9 I 1 358,8
373,80 0,05 b3 1 f ' 644,09 0,03
0,03 b,, d" 387,24 0,os b32 e' 655,47
b10 1 2
bl , f*'
b,, c" 395,3 02 b33 d' 666,8 1 0,lO
b,, b" 402,45 0,05 b34 C' 692,45 0,lO
bl , a" 407 4 b35 b' 697,96 0,lO
bl, z' 412,37 0,05 b36 a' 705,43 0,lO
bl, Y' 417 4
* Also component m,, of 6-3, P(33), 1271'291
** Also component mI 9 of 6-3. P(33), 12'I'291.
~~~
Ref. [46, 49, 511
E
.s Table 16. (unit: MHz; s: estimated standard uncertainty)
1~633 nm; 12'12, transition 8-4, P(60)
0 componenta,,, 11-5, R(127), lZ7I 2, f=473612214,705 MHz [l]
0 f(a2,,8-4,P(54))-f(a,,, 11-5, R(127))=[95,90f0,04] MHz [43-451
f(d,) -f(a28r 12'12)
References
Component S
d23 A' - 555
d24 -511
d 25 }
d28 . K' - 456
Ref. [46]
Table 17. (unit: MHz; s: estimated standard uncertainty)
2.~633 nm; ,''I,, transition 6-3, P(33)
0 componenta,,, 11-5,R(127), l2'I2, f=473612214,705 MHz [l]
0 f(e2)-f(a,,, 11-5, R(127))=[988,29*0,20] MHz [52-541
Component f (e,) -f (e2) S Component f (e,) -f (e21 5
- 19,82 0,05 e9 1 239 2
e2 B 0 - e10 J 249 2
e1 A
e3 c 17,83 0,03 e1 1 K 260 2
e4 D 102,58 0,05 e12 1 269 3
e5 E 141 2 e13 M 273 4
e6
157
2 e14 N 287 4
e7 G 191 2 el 5 0 293 5
e8 H 208 2 e16 P 295 5
References
Q 306 6
Ref. [46, 51-53]
Table 18. (unit: MHz; s: estimated standard uncertainty)
Ax633 nm; 12711291, transition 6-3, P(33)
0 componenta,,, 11-5, R(127), 12712,f=473612214,705 MHz [l]
0 f(a28, 8-4,P(54))-f(a1,, 11-5, R(127))=[95,90+0,04] MHz [43-45]
Component f ( mJ -f(a2,, 12912) S Component f ( mJ -f(a,,, 1291z) 5
References
- 254
- 233,71
-226,14
- 207
- 117,79
- 87,83
- 78,2
- 56*
- 17,55
12,04
15,60
33,16
39,9
41,3
50J 2
54,06
69,33
75,06
3
0,lO
0,lO
1,5
0,lO
0,15
O S
1
0,05
0,03
0,03
0,03
02
092
0,03
0,lO
0,03
0,03
m26
m27
m28
m29
m30
m3 1
m32
m3 3
m34
m35
m3 7
m38
m39
m36
m40
m4 1
m42
m43
U"
t"
r"
q"
0"
n"
m"
1 "
k;'
k;'
j "
g"
e"
d "
X'
W'
V'
hit
212,80
2 19,43
256,90
264,84
299,22
3 12,43
324,52
333,14
337,7
345,05
362,18
369,78
380,37
385
43 1
445
456.7
0,05
0,05
0,10
0,05
0,05
0,05
0,03
0,03
0,5
0,05
0,10
0,03
0,03
4
4
4
O S
(continued on page 539)
Table 18 icontinuedfrom page 5381. (unit: MHz; s: estimated standard uncertainty)
i . ~ 6 3 3 nm; 12'112,1, transition 6-3, P(33)
References
componenta,,, 11-5, R(127), 12712,f=473612214,705 MHz [ l ]
0 f(a28, 8-4,P(54))-f ( al 3, 11-5, R(127)) =[95,90* 0,041 MHz [43-451
Component .f(mJ -f(a2,, 12912) S Component f(m,)-f(a28, 12912) S
{
m19 b 80,OO
m20 a 95,OO
m21 Y t1 160,74
m,, x" .199,52
mZ3 w" 205,06
m24 ";' 1 207,9
m2s v;'
0,03
0,03
0,03
0,03
0,05
0.5
m44 477,17
m45 t' 486,43
m46 sf 495,16
m47 r' 503,55
m48 P' 515,ll
0,05
0,05
0,05
0,05
0,05
* Also components aZ4 and aZ5 of 8-4, P(54), '2912.
Ref. [34. 46, 49-51]
Table 19. (unit: MHz; s: estimated standard uncertainty)
1 ~ 6 4 0 nm; ' 2 7 1 2 , transition 8-5, P(10)
Reference: component a, (or g), f =468 218 332,4 MHz [l ]
Component f (a,) -.f (a,) S Component f (a,) -f (as) S
- 495,4
-241,s
- 233,O
- 177,8
- 175,2
- 130,8
- 82,45
- 61,85
0,4
0,7
0,35
1,3
0,6
0,04
0,03
0,14
a9
a10
a1 1
a12
a13
a14
0
77,84
186,22
199,51
256,6
272,75
374,O
-
0,03
0,07
0,07
0,15
0,07
02
Ref. [9, 19) and [55-621
Table 20. (unit: MHz; s: estimated standard uncertainty)
i . z640 nm: 12'1,, transition 8-5, R(16)
Reference: component a,, 8-5, P(10), 12'12. f=468218332, 4 MHz [ l ]
Component .f (b") -f (a,) S
bl 62,83 0,o 1
b, 329,8 02
b3 335,99 0,02
Ref. [9, 191 and [55-621
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114-1 16.
f b 2 , - f a, 6( or/ ) = -[532,425*0,0151 MHz
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A,6-,fA,3 =[138,892%0,005] MHz [Table 121,
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Received on 15 June 1993.