Isotopes of silver - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Naturally occurring silver (Ag) is composed of the two stable isotopes 107Ag and 109Ag with 107Ag being the more abundant (51.839%
natural abundance). Standard atomic mass: 107.8682(2) u. Twenty-eight radioisotopes have been characterized with the most stable
being 105Ag with a half-life of 41.29 days, 111Ag with a half-life of 7.45 days, and 112Ag with a half-life of 3.13 hours.
All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than an hour and the majority of these have half-lives that are less
than 3 minutes. This element has numerous meta states with the most stable being 108mAg (t* 418 years), 110mAg (t* 249.79 days) and
106m
Ag (t* 8.28 days).
Isotopes of silver range in atomic weight from 92.950 u (93Ag) to 129.950 u (130Ag). The primary decay mode before the most
abundant stable isotope, 107Ag, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta decay. The primary decay products before 107Ag
are palladium (element 46) isotopes and the primary products after are cadmium (element 48) isotopes.
The palladium isotope 107Pd decays by beta emission to 107Ag with a half-life of 6.5 million years. Iron meteorites are the only objects
with a high enough palladium/silver ratio to yield measurable variations in 107Ag abundance. Radiogenic 107Ag was first discovered in
the Santa Clara meteorite in 1978.
The discoverers suggest that the coalescence and differentiation of iron-cored small planets may have occurred 10 million years after a
nucleosynthetic event. 107Pd versus 107Ag correlations observed in bodies, which have clearly been melted since the accretion of the
solar system, must reflect the presence of live short-lived nuclides in the early solar system.
Standard atomic mass: 107.8682(2) u

Table

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nuclide
symbol

Z(p) N(n) isotopic mass (u)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_silver

half-life

decay
daughter
mode(s)[1][n 1] isotope(s)[n 2]

nuclear
spin

excitation energy
93

47

46 92.94978(64)#

5# ms
[>1.5 s]

94

47

47 93.94278(54)#

37(18) ms
+
[26(+26-9) ms]

Ag
Ag
94m1

Ag

94m2

Ag

95

47

Ag

1350(400)# keV

422(16) ms

6500(2000)# keV

300(200) ms

48 94.93548(43)#

1.74(13) s

9/2+#

+ (>99.9%)
+

, p (<.1%)

94

Pd

0+#

94

Pd

93

Rh

(7+)
(21+)

+ (>99.9%)
+

, p (<.1%)

95

Pd

94

Rh

(9/2+)

95m1

344.2(3) keV

<0.5 s

(1/2-)

95m2

2531(1) keV

<16 ms

(23/2+)

95m3

4859(1) keV

<40 ms

(37/2+)

Ag
Ag
Ag

96

47

Ag
96m1

49 95.93068(43)#
0(50)# keV

Ag

96m2

47

Ag
97m

47

Ag
98m

47

Ag
99m

47

Ag

100m

47

Ag

101m

47

Ag

102m

47

Ag

103m

47

Ag

104m

47

Ag

105m

Ag

57 103.908629(6)
6.9(4) keV

Ag

105

56 102.908973(18)
134.45(4) keV

Ag

104

55 101.91169(3)
9.3(4) keV

Ag

103

54 100.91280(11)
274.1(3) keV

Ag

102

53 99.91610(8)
15.52(16) keV

Ag

101

52 98.91760(16)
506.1(4) keV

Ag

100

51 97.92157(7)
167.83(15) keV

Ag

99

50 96.92397(35)
2343(49) keV

Ag

98

+ (96.3%)
+

, p (3.7%)

96

Pd

95

Rh

6.9(6) s

(8+)
(2+)

700(200) ns

Ag

97

4.45(4) s

representative
range of natural
isotopic
variation
composition
(mole fraction)
(mole fraction)

58 104.906529(12)
25.465(12) keV

97

98

97

124(3) s

99

10.5(5) s

IT

99

2.01(9) min

100

IT

100

100

Pd

101

Pd

3.10(10) s

IT

101

Ag

1/2-

12.9(3) min

102

Pd

5+

(51%)

102

IT (49%)

102

103

5.7(3) s

IT

103

Ag

1/2-

69.2(10) min

104

Pd

5+

+ (99.93%)

104

IT (.07%)

104

105

IT (99.66%)

105

25.3(3) s

Pd

5 ns
47.5(3) s

(21/2+)
(99.99%)
, p (.0012%)

Pd
Rh

220(20) ns

2.24(13) min
11.1(3) min

7.7(5) min
65.7(7) min

33.5(20) min
41.29(7) d
7.23(16) min

(9/2+)

(5+)
(3+)

(.34%)

Pd
Ag
Pd
Ag

Pd
Ag
Pd

Pd
Ag
Pd
Ag

105

(9/2)+
(1/2-)
(5)+
(2)+
9/2+

2+
7/2+

2+
1/27/2+

Pd

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106

47

Ag

106m

89.66(7) keV

Ag

107

Ag[n 3]

47

107m

47

Ag

108m
109

Ag[n 5]

47

109m

47

Ag

110m1

63 109.906107(3)
1.113 keV

Ag

8.28(2) d

+ (99.5%)

117.59(5) keV

Ag

111

Ag[n 5]

47

111m

59.82(4) keV

Ag

112

47

Ag

113

47

Ag

113m

47

Ag

114m

47

Ag

115m

47

Ag

116m

47

Ag

117m

47

Ag

69 115.91136(5)

70 116.91168(5)
28.6(2) keV

Ag

118

68 114.90876(4)

81.90(20) keV

Ag

117

67 113.908804(27)

41.16(10) keV

Ag

116

66 112.906567(18)

199(5) keV

Ag

115

65 111.907005(18)

43.50(10) keV

Ag

114

64 110.905291(3)

71 117.91458(7)

(0.5%)
+

106

IT (4.16106%)

106

44.3(2) s
2.37(1) min

418(21) a

39.6(2) s
24.6(2) s

249.950(24) d
7.45(1) d
64.8(8) s
3.130(9) h
5.37(5) h
68.7(16) s

107

- (97.15%)

108

Ag

(2.85%)
+ (91.3%)

108

IT (8.96%)

108

Pd
Ag

IT

109

- (99.7%)

110

Cd

EC (.3%)

110

Pd

Ag

(98.64%)
IT (1.36%)

110

111

IT (99.3%)

111

- (.7%)

111

112

IT (64%)

Cd
Ag

Cd
Ag

Cd

113m

Cd

113

Ag

114

Cd

1.50(5) ms

IT

114

20.0(5) min

127.49(5) keV

2.0(2) s

279.37(20) keV

~0.1 s

Ag

115m

Cd

- (79%)

115

Cd

IT (21%)

115

Ag

116

Cd

- (94%)

116

Cd

IT (6%)

116

73.6(14) s
[72.8(+20-7) s]

3.76(15) s

6+
0.48161(8)

7/2+
1+

6+
1/27/2+

Cd

4.6(1) s

5.34(5) s

1+

2110

Cd

8.6(3) s

7/2+

1/2-

(36%)

2.68(10) min

0.51839(8)

Pd

113

118m2

Ag

Cd

108

18.0(7) s

6+
1/2-

660(40) ns

~0.1 s

118m3

Ag

Stable [n 4]

45.79(9) keV

Ag

Pd

IT
+

1+

Cd

Stable [n 4]

118m1

Ag

Pd

106

110m2

106

62 108.904752(3)
88.0341(11) keV

Ag

110

61 107.905956(5)

109.440(7) keV

Ag

23.96(4) min

60 106.905097(5)
93.125(19) keV

Ag

108

59 105.906669(5)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_silver

Ag

117m

Cd

- (94%)

117m

IT (6%)

117

Ag

118

Cd

Cd

2(-)
1/27/2+
1+
(<7+)
1/27/2+
(2)(5+)
1/2-#
(7/2+)
10(-) to 2(-)

- (59%)

118

Cd

IT (41%)

118

Ag

4(+)
(2+,3+)

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119

47

Ag

119m

20(20)# keV

Ag

120

47

Ag

120m

Ag

122

Ag

124

Ag

119m

1/2-#

2.1(1) s

119

7/2+#

(99.99%)

120

-, n (.003%)

119

- (63%)

120

IT (37%)

120

- (99.92%)

121

1.23(4) s

371(24) ms

0.79(2) s

47

75 121.92353(22)#

0.529(13) s

80(50)# keV

1.5(5) s

47

76 122.92490(22)#

0.300(5) s

47

77 123.92864(21)#

172(5) ms

124m

0(100)# keV

Ag

125

74 120.91985(16)

Ag

Ag

6.0(5) s

47

122m

123

73 119.91879(8)

203.0(10) keV

Ag

121

72 118.91567(10)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_silver

200# ms

Cd

Cd
Cd

Cd
Cd
Ag
Cd

, n (.076%)

120

- (>99.9%)

122

Cd
Cd

, n (<.1%)

121

- (>99.9%)

122

-, n (<.1%)

121

- (99.45%)

123

Cd
Cd
Cd
Cd

, n (.549%)

122

- (99.9%)

124

Cd
Cd

, n (.1%)

123

124

IT

124

- (>99.9%)

125

-, n (<.1%)

124

- (>99.9%)

126

Cd
Cd
Ag
Cd

3(+#)

6(-)

(7/2+)#

(3+)

8-#

(7/2+)

3+#

8-#

47

78 124.93043(32)#

166(7) ms

47

79 125.93450(32)#

107(12) ms

47

80 126.93677(32)#

79(3) ms

128

47

81 127.94117(32)#

58(5) ms

129

47

82 128.94369(43)#

44(7) ms
[46(+5-9) ms]

7/2+#

~160 ms

1/2-#

~50 ms

0+

Ag

126

Ag

127

Ag
Ag
Ag

129m

0(200)# keV

Ag

130

Ag

47

83 129.95045(36)#

Cd
Cd

, n (<.1%)

125

- (>99.9%)

127

, n (<.1%)

Cd
Cd

126

Cd

(7/2+)#

3+#

7/2+#

1. ^ Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition
2. ^ Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly-stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe)
3. ^ Used to date certain events in the early history of the Solar System
4. ^ a b Theoretically capable of spontaneous fission
5. ^ a b Fission product

Notes
The precision of the isotope abundances and atomic mass is limited through variations. The given ranges should be applicable to
any normal terrestrial material.
Geologically exceptional samples are known in which the isotopic composition lies outside the reported range. The uncertainty in
the atomic mass may exceed the stated value for such specimens.
Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak
assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard
deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded uncertainties.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_silver

References
1. ^ http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx

Isotope masses from:

G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay
properties" (http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf). Nuclear Physics A 729: 3128.
Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhA.729....3A).
doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001).
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
J. R. de Laeter, J. K. Bhlke, P. De Bivre, H. Hidaka, H. S. Peiser, K. J. R. Rosman and P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic
weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)" (http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/75/6/0683/pdf/).
Pure and Applied Chemistry 75 (6): 683800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683 (http://dx.doi.org
/10.1351%2Fpac200375060683).
M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)" (http://iupac.org/publications
/pac/78/11/2051/pdf/). Pure and Applied Chemistry 78 (11): 20512066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051 (http://dx.doi.org
/10.1351%2Fpac200678112051). Lay summary (http://old.iupac.org/news/archives/2005/atomic-weights_revised05.html).
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay
properties" (http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf). Nuclear Physics A 729: 3128.
Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhA.729....3A).
doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001).
National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database" (http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/). Brookhaven National Laboratory.
Retrieved September 2005.
N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC
Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.

Isotopes of palladium

Isotopes of silver

Isotopes of cadmium

Table of nuclides

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