Q.1 Draw a profile of optical fiber attenuation as a function of wavelength.

Define
‘optical windows’ in optical fiber communication. Give reasons for their selection.
Q.2 Classify optical fibers. Draw refractive index profile for each type, with relevant
core and cladding diameters.
Q.3 A multimode step index fiber has a relative refractive index difference of 1% and a
core refractive index of 1.5. The number of modes propagating at a wavelength of 1.3
µm is 1100. Estimate the diameter of the fiber core.
Q.4 Derive the expression for numerical aperture of step index optical fiber in terms of
refractive indices of core and cladding. What is meant by the acceptance angle of an
optical fiber? Sketch and explain. If the acceptance angle is increased, the NA will
increase or decrease?
Q.5 The refractive indexes of the core and cladding of a step index fiber are 1.50 and
1.47 respectively. Find:
(a) The critical angle for propagation of light wave in the fiber
(b) The acceptance angle of the fiber
(c) The numerical aperture of the fiber
(d) Solid acceptance angle of the fiber.
Q.6 What do you mean by
1. Fiber beat length
2. Mode field diameter
3. V – number
4. LP Modes
of a fiber.
Q.7 A step- index fiber in air has a numerical aperture of 0.16, a core refractive index of
1.45 and a core diameter of 60 µm. Determine the normalized frequency for the fiber
when light at a wavelength of 0.9 µm is transmitted. Also, estimate the total number of
modes propagating in the fiber
Q.8 What are natural mode of EM propagation in an optical fiber? Under what
condition they can degenerate in linear polarized modes? What kind of modes – natural
or linear polarized truly propagates in optical fibers? Why do discrete modes not a
continuous EM fields exists in a optical fiber? Explain your answer.
Q.9 What is the range of values of the ‘V’ number for a step index single mode fiber?
What is the value of ‘V’ number that corresponds to λc, the cutoff wavelength, for the
fiber? What is a mode field diameter for this fiber? How dispersion in this fiber could be
made to zero at 1320 nm? Why a graded index single mode fiber is superior to a step
index single mode fiber?
Q.10 Indicate the major advantages of vapour phase deposition in the preparation of
glasses for optical fibers. Briefly describe the various vapour phase techniques currently
in use.
Q.11 Explain with neat sketches the fiber splicing techniques. Also enlist the desirable
requirements of a good fiber connector and lensing schemes for coupling
improvements.
Q.12 Describe any one method of fiber fabrication and fiber drawing with suitable
diagram. Compare this method of fabrication with other methods.
Q.13 What are optical couplers? Give different types of optical couplers.