SST-150

V at 0.25 bar = 0.001020 m

3
/kg

( )

=17.46 kJ/kg
By using saturated water & stream tables,at .25 bar ,T
1
=T
4
=65
0
C
Now we are going to find h
3

@ 103 bar T(500
0
C) T(600
0
C)
h
g
3371 3621.6
S
g
6.579 6.8864

h
3
= 3383.53 kJ/kg
























ASSIGNMENT 2


ME 2842
Basic Thermal Sciences & Applications












Turbine Generator combination SST- 200 is selected for the analysis because of the following reasons
It has the highest efficiency.
It has the highest obtainable inlet pressure and temperature. To increase the efficiency of the rankine
cycle it is required to increase the average temperature at which heat is transferred to the working fluid
in the boiler.
Installed capacity of 7 MW is required. But this combination can provide work output up to 10 MW
SST 150 can provide work output up to 20 MW. But to provide this amount of work out, it is required
to design other components (boiler, condenser, etc.) to work for such high steam flow rate. It will
increase the capital cost of the design.

1
2
3
4

,
7

4

Figure 1: States of the steam power cycle

The power cycle is assumed to be Ideal Rankine Power cycle.












To increase the efficiency of the power cycle we have to
Increase the average temperature at which the heat is added to the working fluid in boiler and,
Decrease the average temperature at which the heat is rejected from the working fluid in condenser.
To do so we can
Superheating the steam to high temperature
Increase the boiler pressure
Lowering the condenser pressure
So the maximum values have to be used for inlet pressure and temperature at turbine inlet. To ensure the safety
of the machinery, 90% of the maximum values given in the specifications are selected as operating temperature
and pressure.

7
Assume that the turbine is working as condensing type turbine. Hence the exhaust is a saturation mixture of
steam and liquid water. Cooling water at 25
0
C is used for condenser (assuming the ambient temperature to be
25
0
C).
Saturation pressure at 25
0
C is 3.169 kPa. Hence the exhaust pressure of the turbine is selected as 7.5 kPa. From
steam tables saturation pressure at 7.5 kPa is 40.29
0
C.

4
7
4


At state 3
103 bar
.25 bar
Figure 2: T-S diagram of power cycle
From steam tables,
h
3
= 3294.02 kJ/kg and s
3
= 6.49004 kJ/kg.K
Assuming the isentropic expansion of the steam in turbine,
s
4
= s
3
= 6.49004 kJ/kg.K
Turbine
At 40.29
0
C and 7.5kPa, s
f
= 0.5764 kJ/kg.K and s
fg
= 7.6750 kJ/kg.K
Assuming that the condenser output is a saturated liquid, the quality of the turbine output x
4
is given by,

7
77
77
At 40.29
0
C and 7.5kPa, h
f
= 168.79 kJ/kg and h
fg
= 2406.0 kJ/kg
Enthalpy at turbine output if the process is isentropic, h
4s
is given by,

7 (77 )
Assuming for turbine process,
Steady state, steady flow
No heat transfer
Changes in Kinetic and potential energies are neglegible

Applying 1
st
law of thermodynamics gives

4


Assuming the given efficiency is the isentropic efficiency of the turbine,

4


,

4
) ( ) 7
Steam flow rate required to obtain 7MW output is given by,

,



6.882 kg/s

Condenser
Assuming the process is
Steady state , steady flow
Externally adiabatic
Changes in kinetic and potential energies are neglegible
Applying 1
st
law of thermodynamics to the whole system of the condenser

(
,

,
)

(
,

,
)
Assuming the specific heat of cooling water is independent of temperature and is equal to 4.2 kJ/kg.K

(
4

)
Assuming the condenser output is saturated liquid at 7.5kPa and 40.29
0
C
h
1
= h
f
= 168.79 kJ/ kg
Cooling water flow rate is given by

()
4(4)
= 198.67 kg/s

Pump
Assuming the process of the pump to be isentropic and, liquid water is incompressible and has the specific
volume of 0.001 m
3
/kg.
Work done on the working fluid,

,
(

)t

,

(

,
= 16.654 kJ/kg
Assuming steady flow process in the pump
Power input of pump =
,

= 16.654 kJ/kg 6.882 kg/s = 114.61 kW

Boiler
Assuming the condenser output is saturated and liquid no irreversibilities occurs in the pump (i.e Process is
isentropic)

,4
= 0.5764 kJ/kg.K
From compressed liquid water table @ 10MPa
T (
0
C) s (kJ/kg.K) h (kJ/kg)
40 0.5686 176.38
60 0.8258 259.49
T
2
0.5764 h
2

h
2
= 178.9 kJ/kg and T
2
= 40.61
0
C
Assuming there is steady state, steady flow process, neglegible changes in kinetic energy and potential energy of
working fluid and isobaric heat addition in the boiler.
Applying 1
sr
law of thermodynamics

) ( 7)
As the boiler efficiency is 90% heat input of the boiler is given by