FyCards Initial Draft

25
First-Year Student Outreach Project

Boston University Community Service Center
What is abuse?
Types of Abuse
1. Neglect: when a caretaker does not provide
for a childs basic needs.
2. Emotional Abuse: acts that continually make a
child feel degraded, threatened or ignored
3. Physical Abuse: acts that cause physical
harm to a child
4. Sexual Abuse: acts that expose a child to
sexual situations

E!ects of Abuse
Trust issues: If children cant rely on their

caretaker who can they rely on? Abuse can
cause children to develop fear of being
controlled by other people and can prevent
them from forming healthy relationships in the
future
Feelings of worthlessness: Abuse reduces self-

esteem. Children often blame themselves for
the abuse and experience feelings of guilt or
shame
Trouble managing emotions: Abuse often

prevents children from learning how to
appropriately express emotions.
(Source: HelpGuide.org, Do Something)
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What is the di!erence
between abuse and discipline?
Abuse is unpredictable, based in anger,
used to create fear and designed to control
the child.
Discipline is meant to teach a child right
from wrong.
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What are myths about abuse?
Myth: Physical abuse is always a deliberate attempt to hurt the child
Fact: Physical abuse can be from discipline that is too severe or inappropriate for the childs
age. They parent does not always intend to cause physical harm. Sometimes the parent
does not know how else to discipline a child or may be lashing out due to mental health or
substance abuse problems.
Myth: Sexual abuse always involves physical contact with the child
Fact: Sexual abuse includes exposing a child to material that is inappropriate for their age.
Myth: Child abuse usually occurs from strangers
Fact: 90% of sexual abuse is from someone the child knows. This is similar for all types of
abuse most incidents are by a family member or someone familiar to the child
Myth: Child abuse can happen in any family, rich or poor, good or bad
Fact: Anyone, from any background, can be a victim of abuse
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What is familial stability important?
A consistent environment allows the child to anticipate events which provides a sense of
security. Constant attention from caregivers allows children to develop secure attachments
and learn how to build trust with others.
A connected caregiver helps the childs emotional development by giving them practice
interacting with others.
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What is familial stability?
A stable household is one that is consistent, constant and connected to the child. Even in
the presence of external factors such as poverty or disability, a child can experience familial
stability if their parents work to provide a nurturing home environment. Studies have shown
that children who are provided with this stability are more likely to overcome other obstacles,
such as homelessness, and grow up into thriving adults.
(Source: The Future of Children)
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What are misconceptions
about familial stability?
Stability does not mean a two parent household
Stability does not mean growing up in one location
Stability does not mean being rich
Stability does mean love and attention and care.

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What are parenting styles?
Parenting style Description Childs reaction
Authoritarian
This parenting style uses punitive and forceful measures to
discipline. Parents enforce specic behavior without
explaining why that behavior is needed.
anxiety, insecurity, inexible thinking,
hostility if frustrated
Permissive
This parenting style involves little discipline and does not
teach children the causal effect of their actions on others. It
emphasizes love and acceptance of the child
lack independence, selshness,
aggression, lack of taking
responsibility
Uninvolved
This parenting style is indifferent to the childs reactions and
needs. Extreme cases can be considered neglect as this
parenting style often includes ignoring the child.
aggression, noncompliance, low self-
esteem, antisocial behavior
Authoritative
This parenting style focuses discussing with the child why
and how the child should behave. It enforces age
appropriate limits and focuses on nurturing.
independence, self-control, self-
condence, autonomy, self-esteem
(Source: education.org)
25
What is homelessness?
The Federal denition of a homeless individual is an individual who lacks a xed, regular and
adequate nighttime residence; or an individual who has a primary nighttime residence that is:
(1) a supervised publicly or privately operated shelter designed to provide temporary living
accommodations (including welfare hotels, congregate shelters, and transitional housing for
the mentally ill); (2) an institution that provides a temporary residence for individuals intended
to be institutionalized; or (3) a public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as,
a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings (Source: US Department of Housing
and Urban Development)
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Who are the hidden homeless?
The hidden homeless is the group of individuals and families who are homeless that are not
counted as homeless by governmental agencies and shelters because they are living on a
friend or family members couch, in a motel room, car, or moving around from place to
place.
Oftentimes this sector of the homeless population does not receive the benets or aid that
could be a!orded them if they were part of the public system. People in these situations
may not seek help at a shelter for fear of their families being split up, or they may be wary of
the stigma associated with being homeless.
Individuals may nd themselves in this situation due to domestic violence, interpersonal
challenges, sudden loss of income, or economic changes in the global marketplace that
create a more expensive cost of living. Although this population technically has a place to
stay, it is not a stable or consistent living environment.
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What is the di!erence between
emergency shelters and transitional housing?
Emergency shelters and programs serve to
provide immediate, overnight assistance to
person(s) who do not have a place to stay.
These shelters typically include a shorter
time span, and are intended to provide
temporary assistance to people in need.

Transitional housing provides a broader
range of support, often housing families for
longer periods of time. Individuals utilizing
such programs often are assigned a case
manager, who works with them to create a
plan to ease the return to independent
living. Transitional housing typically includes
social, vocational, and budgeting programs
to enrich the lives of tenants.
(Source: Homeward Trust)
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What is human trafcking?
Human tra#cking is the trade of humans, most commonly for the underground sex industry,
forced labor, organ extraction, etc. In the United States, the sex industry is the most
common cause of human tra#cking. What is not as well known, though, is that this can
occur at the local level and is a signicant issue in the Boston area. In fact, WGBH reported
that many of the tra#cking victims in the area are 13 to 15-year-old local girls.
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What is UNHR?
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was adopted by the United Nations in
December of 1948, and describes the fundamental rights that all people are entitled to. The
declaration came following some of the worst atrocities the world had ever seen during
World War II, and emphasizes the fact that all people, regardless of race or background, are
entitled to the same rights. The declaration also focuses on the idea that we should, act
towards on another in the spirit of brotherhood (Article 1).
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What are private prisons?
In the United States, since the 1980s and even more so now, private prisons have become
widely used. In a private prison, inmates are housed by a third party agency contracted by
state governments. These prisons become for-prot businesses, which have become very
lucrative as the nations prison population continues to skyrocket. In some cases, such as in
Arizona, governments have entered into contracts with prison companies, which guarantee
95% - 100% occupancy of the facilities. This policy creates the demand for law enforcement
to provide a constant inux of prisoners, and encourages continuing the damaging policy of
incarcerating low level, non-violent criminals.
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What is ageism?
Many of the elderly population experience ageism. Ageism is the stereotyping or
discrimination of a population based on their age, and this discrimination impacts their
quality of life. It can appear in many di!erent aspects of daily life, such as when doctors
talking past a senior patient to the younger adult or when seniors are mocked for being slow
or irritable.
Ageism a!ects the elderly populations mental health. And what's worse, ageism also
seeps into mental health care. Older patients are often viewed by health professionals as set
in their ways and unable to change their behavior, aging experts say. Mental health
problemssuch as cognitive impairment or psychological disorders caused at least in part
by complex pharmacological treatments--often go unrecognized and untreated in this
growing demographic, many researchers believe.
Interactive content: alfa.org/alfa/Ageism.asp
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Who are centenarians?
A centenarian is a person who is 100 years or older.
A supercentenarian is a person who has attained an age of 110 years or more.
Supercentenarian can be o#cially validated as long as three documents providing the same
date of birth can be provided.
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What is sundowning?
Sundowning is a phenomenon seen among people with Alzheimers and dementia in which
they have sleeping problems or increased behavioral problems as the day progresses.
Some contributing factors to sundowning include: end-of-day exhaustion, a disruption in the
persons internal clock, and reduced lighting and increased shadows.
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assisted living facilities and nursing homes?
Assisted living facilities generally have private apartments or rooms for the residents
personal belongings and furnishings. Shared meals, laundry, and light housekeeping are
almost always provided, but an atmosphere of independence is maintained as much as
possible. While sta! respect resident privacy, interventions from sta! occur as necessary.
Nursing homes provide residents with extensive round-the-clock attention and assistance
with any activities or medical needs. Residents in nursing typically have a higher level of
need of assistance due to medical conditions. Access to professional medical sta!,
medication dispersal, and a variety of other services are provided at nursing homes.
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Who are baby boomers?
Starting in 1946, nine months after the end of World War II, a staggering number of babies
were born in the United States. 3.4 million that year, 3.8 million the following year, 3.9 the
next, and more 4 million every year after that until 1964 for a grand total of 76.4 baby
boomers. Currently, the oldest baby-boomers are in their late 60s.
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What is LEED?
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a set of rating systems for the
design, construction, operation, and maintenance of green buildings, homes and
neighborhoods.
Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), LEED is intended to help building
owners and operators be environmentally responsible and use resources e#ciently.
Proposals to modify the LEED standards are o!ered and publicly reviewed by USGBC's
member organizations, which number almost 20,000.[citation needed]
Unlike Model Building Code, such as the International Building Code, only members of the
USGBC and specic "in-house" committees may add, subtract or edit the standard, based
on an internal review process. Model Building Codes are voted on by members and "in-
house" committees, but allow for comments and testimony from the general public during
each and every code development cycle at Public Review hearings, generally held multiple
times a year.
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What is sustainability?
The act of preserving our natural environment and human health by maintaining the
conditions and resources that are necessary for all living things to exist, prosper, and be
available in the future for generations to come.
Learn more:
Sustainability@BU: bu.edu/sustainability/
Sustainability in the City of Boston: greenovateboston.org
Sustainability on the national scale: epa.gov/
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What is carbon footprint?
Your impact on the environment based on the amount of carbon that you emit through
various activities in your daily life to support your lifestyle
The average person 7.5 tons of carbon per year
Wondering what your carbon footprint is? Check out:
http://www.nature.org/greenliving/carboncalculator/
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What is vivsection?
Vivisection refers to the use of live animals for experimentation. While scientists prefer the
term animal testing, people opposed to the use of animals for human gain prefer the term
vivisection to highlight the often gruesome and tragic lives of animals within testing facilities.
Around the world it is estimated that there are more than 100 million animals used annually
for experimentation. Most of these animals are purpose-bread for experimentation and are
euthanized shortly after the experiment ends. While the scientic community has praised
animal testing, the testing is often unregulated, cruel, and denies animals of their intrinsic
rights.
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What is factory farming?
Factory farming is the largest method of raising poultry, cattle and pigs for human
consumption in the Western world. Factory farms are much more factory than farm and
raise animals under extremely controlled and streamlined conditions. Animals reared in
factory farms spend their lives in cages with little to no medical care, and are often killed for
consumption at a young age. Often located in desolate locations, factory farms are
extremely secretive about their practices, and frequently use inhumane treatment on the
animals they raise. From a human perspective, workers at factory farms have low job
security, high rates of injury and even higher rates of employee turnaround.
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What is veganism?
Veganism is a lifestyle in which individuals refrain from the consumption or use of animal
products. Vegan diets are plant based and exclude the consumption of meat, diary, eggs
and animal byproducts. Veganism also encompasses avoiding animal products in other
facets of life, meaning that individuals avoid purchasing leather, fur and products derived
from animal testing. From an environmental perspective, vegan diets have a smaller carbon
footprint, and take less water per pound of food than diets including animal products.
Recent research also supports that vegan and vegetarian diets may have health benets as
well.
25
What is intersectionality?
Intersectionality is the study of the intersections between the forms or systems of
oppression (racism, sexism, homophobia, transphobia, ableism, classism etc.) and how
they are connected together. In the study it is assumed that the study of one oppressive
entity and how it a!ects people cannot be studied in isolation from the other applicable
oppressors. For example an African American female has to inevitably deal with the plights
of women, while simultaneously dealing with the plights of black people.
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sex and gender?
In a nutshell, sex is biological while gender is social. Sex is determined by the physical traits
of ones anatomy, chromosomes, etc where people are genuinely either male or female (not
taking into account intersex individuals).
Gender is a socially constructed tool for di!erentiating individuals based on social factors like
values, perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes. An easy way to di!erentiate the two is to know
that men and women have di!erent genitalia, which is a sex characteristic, while the
assumption that women are supposed to be more nurturing than men is gender based
characteristic.
25
What is cisgender?
A type of gender identity that where individuals experiences with their gender match the
respective sex they were born with. It is cohesion amongst the sex and gender they were
assigned at birth, their bodies, and personal identity.
A common synonym to cisgender is heteronormative, but what is unique to cisgender
individuals is that they have not endured a gender diverse experience, without enforcing the
existence of normative gender roles.
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What it means to be people-rst.
The term disability in the thesaurus is synonymous with incapacity, impairment, defect,
abnormality and a$iction. It is quite surprising the impact our daily language has on our
mental framework of certain groups of people. By referring to someone with a disability as
disabled, handicapped, or su!ering from a disability, you are putting their disability before the
fact that they are a person. Simple changes to language like using the phrase "people with
disabilities," creates a verbal framework where the individual person is highlighted and not
their disability.
Language to avoid Language to use
Special education student Students who receive special education services
Wheel-chair bound Person who uses a wheelchair
Mentally retarded Person with intellectual disability
Crippled; physically-challenged; handicapped
Person with a physical disability
Dyslexic; LD kid
Person with a learning disability
Person who suffers from cerebral palsy
Person who is deaf or hearing impaired
Normal development Typical development
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Di!erence between
social vs. medical model of disability
The current model of disability, labeled as the medical model views people living with
disabilities as people living with a negative illness or condition. The medical model puts the
blame of disability on the individual person, and treats disability by trying to x the person.
The social model of disability, on the other hand, was created by people with disabilities and
puts the challenge of inclusion and assistance on society as a whole. In the social model,
people are taught to accept their disability and realize that disability is inherently neutral and
does not always have to be a hardship to overcome. Through society becoming more
inclusive, people living with disabilities can feel more accepted and develop valuable
friendships with both the able, and non-abled bodied communities.
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What is stigmatization?
Stigmatization is dened as being "a mark of disgrace associated with a particular
circumstance," and can a!ect a wide range of people. In the case of people living with
disabilities, many people feel the overwhelming majority make assumptions about their
specic bodies and minds. People living with disabilities are looked at as being hopeless,
dependent on society to survive and a group that should not be "stared at" or confronted.
The stigma of living with a disability is not simply that society believes you to be lesser, but it
is expected of you to not be equal. Disabilities in many cases are life-long and do not always
require special care or assistance. As a result, many people simply live their daily lives in a
way that is normal to them, but to society warrants their disability as a means to isolate and
ostracize them.
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What is redlining?
It is the practice of refusing or limiting nancial services, such as loans or
insurance, to people or neighborhoods, typically to people and neighborhoods
of color or nancially at risk. The term redlining was coined in the late 1960s,
due to the practice of marking a red line, both literally and guratively, on maps
of neighborhoods to indicate where banks should and should not invest in.
In 1935, Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) reviewed 239 cities and
created maps to show banks the most secure areas to invest in real estate.
This came at a cost, however, since the reviews dened many minority
neighborhoods in cities as nancially insecure. This caused the housing system
in city areas to be racially segregated, where minority or nancially unstable
populations would stay in urban areas, while white or a$uent populations would
move to the suburban areas. This is an example of white-ight, where whites
move from urban regions to homogenous suburbs. This may be a cause of
blockbusting, where landlords will encourage whites to sell their homes at a
loss because of racial minorities moving into their neighborhood. This change
caused cultural shifts in these neighborhoods, creating a clear segregation
urban and suburban neighborhoods.
Source: Encyclopedia of Chicago
Source: Cartographic Modeling Lab
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What is gentrication?
Gentrication is often dened as the transformation of neighborhoods from low to high
value. Historically, rising housing costs, public policy, and persistent segregation have led to
the urban inll of wealthier, mostly white residents. Celebrated as an e!ort to renew or
beautify low-income communities, gentrication leads to displacement of low-income
families who can no longer a!ord to live in the newly renovated area, changing the racial
composition, culture, and socioeconomic status of the area
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How is gentrication a!ecting Boston?
According to a new study by the Cleveland Fed, Boston is leading in rapid gentrication
between 2000 and 2007, 26% of Boston was gentried, outpacing 55 of Americas largest
cities.
Positive e!ects
Higher incentive for property owners to improve

housing
Crime reduction
Encouragement of further development

Negative e!ects
Displacement of non-whites, elderly, poor, and large

households through rent/price increases
Loss of socioeconomic diversity
Increased cost and changes to local services

(Source: CDC)
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What is urban agriculture?
Urban agriculture is the practice of cultivating, processing and distributing food across a city.
Health disparities, such as diabetes, obesity and heart disease are often related to lack of
food access and consumption in neighborhoods facing racial segregation and low incomes.
A recent study by Baker found that mixed-race areas were signicantly less likely to have
access to healthful foods compared to predominantly white, high-income areas.
Although many cities have recently adopted the practice of urban agriculture, Boston is a
leader in this means of cultivation. In December of 2013, the City of Boston passed Article
89, a zoning law allowing for greater exibility in commercial urban agriculture. There are a
number of urban farms in Boston who employ a range of people, including new immigrants,
youth and people with disabilities. Some prominent urban farms that serve our Boston
neighborhoods are The Food Project, Urban Farming Institute, New Entry Farm, City
Growers, and more. Urban farms are the gateway to creating more sustainable, self-
su#cient and cohesive communities.
(Source: City of Boston, DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00026.x)
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What the benets of urban agriculture?
Access to fresh, healthy and a!ordable food
Decreased transportation costs
Lower carbon emissions
Self-sustaining food system
Increased number of jobs, particularly for youth
Improved sense of community

(Source: City of Boston, DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00026.x)
Watch this TED Talk by Ron Finley
about ghting for social justice with
a gardening spade.
on.ted.com/Finley

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25

First-Year Student Outreach Project

Trust issues: If children cant rely on their

Feelings of worthlessness: Abuse reduces self-

Trouble managing emotions: Abuse often

Stability does not mean a two parent household

Stability does not mean growing up in one location

Stability does not mean being rich

Stability does mean love and attention and care.

Higher incentive for property owners to improve

Encouragement of further development

Displacement of non-whites, elderly, poor, and large

Loss of socioeconomic diversity

Increased cost and changes to local services

Access to fresh, healthy and a!ordable food

Decreased transportation costs

Lower carbon emissions

Self-sustaining food system

Increased number of jobs, particularly for youth

Improved sense of community

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