List of Cases with Digests

1. US v. Ah Sing
2. People v. Ah Chong
3. People v. Oanis
4. Intod v. CA
5. People v. Campuhan
6. US v. Adiao
7. People v. amahang
!. People v. "oholst#Ca$alle%o
&. People v. 'elima
1(. People v. "e%onilla
11. People v. "onoan
12. People v. 'ungo
13. People v. )aneo
14. People v. 'o*uena
15. People v. "indo+
16. US v. )anedo
17. US v. Ca$alle%os
1!. US v. ,-alta.ion
1&. People v. "andian
2(. People v. ua Chu
21. People v. U%al
22. US v. Ampa%
23. US v. /i.0s
24. People v. 1avie%
25. People v. 2odil
26. People v. 'aniel
27. People v. Sangalang
2!. People v. Camano
29. US v. Indanan
3(. People v. 3ii.hi Omine
31. People v. 'o$le
32. People v. 4o%migones
33. People v. Simon
U.S. v. AH SING [36 Phil. 978 !9!7"#Cf. $%e&'h vs. (&glish %)le
$a'ts* )he de5endant is a su$6e.t o5 China emplo+ed as a 5i%eman on a steamship.
)he steamship is a 5o%eign steame% 7hi.h a%%ived the po%t o5 Ce$u on Ap%il 258 1&178
a5te% a vo+age di%e.t 5%om the po%t o5 Saigon. )he de5endant $ought ! .ans o5 opium
in Saigon8 $%ought them on $oa%d the steamship and had them in his possession
du%ing the t%ip 5%om Saigon to Ce$u. 9hen the steame% an.ho%ed in the po%t o5 Ce$u8
the autho%ities on ma0ing the sea%.h 5ound the .ans o5 opium hidden in the ashes
$elo7 the $oile% o5 the steame%:s engine. )he de5endant .on5essed that he 7as the
o7ne% o5 the opium and that he had pu%.hased it in Saigon. /e did not .on5ess8
ho7eve%8 as to his pu%pose in $u+ing the opium. /e did not sa+ that it 7as his
intention to impo%t the p%ohi$ited d%ug.
Iss)e* 9O; the .%ime o5 illegal impo%tation o5 opium into the Philippine Islands has
$een p%oven<
Hel+* =es. It is the onus o5 the gove%nment to p%ove that the vessel 5%om 7hi.h the
d%ug dis.ha%ged .ame into Philippine 7ate%s 5%om a 5o%eign .ount%+ 7ith the d%ug on
$oa%d. In this .ase8 it is to $e noted that >4 o5 A.t ;o. 23!1 $egins8 ?An+ pe%son 7ho
shall unla75ull+ impo%t o% $%ing an+ p%ohi$ited d%ug into the Philippine Islands@A
Impo%t and $%ing should $e .onst%ued as s+non+mous te%ms. )he me%e a.t o5 going
into a po%t8 7ithout $%ea0ing $ul08 is p%ima 5a.ie eviden.e o5 impo%tation. )he
impo%tation is not the ma0ing ent%+ o5 goods at the .ustomhouse8 $ut me%el+ the
$%inging them into the po%t8 and the impo%tation is .omplete $e5o%e the ent%+ to the
.ustomhouse. Bo%eove%8 possession 5o% pe%sonal use is unli0el+8 6udging 5%om the siCe
o5 the amount $%ought.
U.S. v. AH CH,NG D15 Phil. 4!! E1&1(FG
$a'ts* Ah Chong 7as a .oo0 in 4t. B.3inle+. /e 7as a5%aid o5 $ad elements. One
evening8 $e5o%e going to $ed8 he lo.0ed himsel5 in his %oom $+ pla.ing a .hai% against
the doo%. A5te% having gone to $ed8 he 7as a7a0ened $+ someone t%+ing to open the
doo%. /e .alled out t7i.e8 ?9ho is the%e8A $ut %e.eived no ans7e%. 4ea%ing that the
int%ude% 7as a %o$$e%8 he leaped 5%om his $ed H .alled out again8 ?I5 +ou ente% the
%oom I 7ill 0ill +ou.A "ut at that p%e.ise moment8 he 7as st%u.0 $+ the .hai% that had
$een pla.ed against the doo%8 H $elieving that he 7as $eing atta.0ed he seiCed a
0it.hen 0ni5e H st%u.0 H 5atall+ 7ounded the int%ude% 7ho tu%ned out to $e his
%oommate.
Hel+* Ah Chong must $e a.*uitted $e.ause o5 mista0e o5 5a.t.
-atio* /ad the 5a.ts $een as Ah Chong $elieved them to $e8 he 7ould have $een
6usti5ied in 0illing the int%ude% unde% A118 pa%. 18 o5 the 2PC8 7hi.h %e*ui%es8 to
6usti5+ the a.t8 that the%e $eI
unla75ul agg%ession on the pa%t o5 the pe%son 0illed8
%easona$le ne.essit+ o5 the means emplo+ed to p%event o% %epel it8 H
la.0 o5 su55i.ient p%ovo.ation on the pa%t o5 the pe%son de5ending himsel5
I5 the int%ude% 7as %eall+ a %o$$e%8 5o%.ing his 7a+ into the %oom o5 Ah Chong8 the%e
7ould have $een unla75ul agg%ession on the pa%t o5 the int%ude%. )he%e 7ould have
$een a ne.essit+ on the pa%t o5 Ah Chong to de5end himsel5 andJo% his home. )he
0ni5e 7ould have $een a %easona$le means to p%event o% %epel su.h agg%ession. And
Ah Chong gave no p%ovo.ation at all. Unde% A11 o5 the 2PC8 the%e is nothing unla75ul
in the intention as 7ell as in the a.t o5 the pe%son ma0ing the de5ense.
P(,PL( v. ,ANIS D74 Phil. 257 E1&43FG
$a'ts* Chie5 o5 Poli.e Oanis and his .o#a..used Co%po%al Kalanta 7e%e unde%
inst%u.tions to a%%est one "alagtas8 a noto%ious .%iminal and es.aped .onvi.t8 and i5
ove%po7e%ed8 to get hi dead o% alive. P%o.eeding to the suspe.ted house8 the+ 7ent
into a %oom and on seeing a man sleeping 7ith his $a.0 to7a%d the doo%8
simultaneousl+ 5i%ed at him 7ith thei% %evolve%s8 7ithout 5i%st ma0ing an+ %easona$le
in*ui%+ as to his identit+. )he vi.tim tu%ned out to $e an inno.ent man8 )e.son8 and
not the 7anted .%iminal..
Hel+* "oth a..used a%e guilt+ o5 mu%de%
-atio* ,ven i5 it 7e%e t%ue that the vi.tim 7as the noto%ious .%iminal8 the a..used
7ould not $e 6usti5ied in 0illing him 7hile the latte% 7as sleeping. In app%ehending
even the most noto%ious .%iminal8 the la7 does not pe%mit the .apto% to 0ill him. It is
onl+ 7hen the 5ugitive 5%om 6usti.e is dete%mined to 5ight the o55i.e%s o5 la7 7ho a%e
t%+ing to .aptu%e him that 0illing him 7ould $e 6usti5ied.
P(,PL( v. CA-.(N D355 SC2A 267 E2((1FG
$a'ts* )he t%ial .ou%t %ende%ed a de.ision and the a..used#appellants 7e%e all 5ound
guilt+ $e+ond %easona$le dou$t o5 the .%ime o5 Bu%de% a5te% having pe%5o%med a
.ulti. healing p%a+#ove% 7hi.h %esulted to the death o5 2and+ unta+ao. )he+ 7e%e
senten.ed to su55e% the penalt+ o5 2,CUSIO; P,2P,)UA.
Iss)e* 9O; a..used#appellants .an $e held lia$le 5o% %e.0less imp%uden.e %esulting
in homi.ide8 .onside%ing that the in5o%mation .ha%ges them 7ith mu%de%.
Hel+* =es. Convi.tion modi5ied to %e.0less imp%uden.e %esulting in homi.ide. 3illing a
pe%son 7J t%ea.he%+ is mu%de% even i5 the%e is no intent to 0ill. 9hen death o..u%s8 itLs
p%esumed to $e the natu%al .onse*uen.e o5 ph+si.al in6u%ies in5li.ted. In mu%de%
*uali5ied $+ t%ea.he%+8 itLs %e*ui%ed onl+ that the%e is t%ea.he%+ in the atta.08 H this is
t%ue even i5 the o55ende% has no intent to 0ill the pe%son assaulted
One 7ho .ommits an intentional 5elon+ is %esponsi$le 5o% all the .onse*uen.es
7hi.h ma+ natu%all+ and logi.all+ %esult the%e5%om8 7hethe% 5o%eseen o% intended o%
not.
Intent is p%esumed 5%om the .ommission o5 an unla75ul a.t. )he p%esumption o5
.%iminal intent ma+ a%ise 5%om the p%oo5 o5 the .%iminal a.t.
/en.e8 the+ a%e lia$le 5o% all the di%e.t and natu%al .onse*uen.es o5 thei% unla75ul
a.t8 even i5 the ultimate %esult had not $een intended.
)he st%ange p%o.edu%e %esulted in the death o5 the $o+. )hus8 a..used#appellants
had no .%iminal intent to 0ill the $o+. )hei% lia$ilit+ a%ises 5%om thei% %e.0less
imp%uden.e $e.ause the+ ought that to 0no7 thei% a.tions 7ould not $%ing a$out the
.u%e. )he+ a%e8 the%e5o%e8 guilt+ o5 %e.0less imp%uden.e %esulting in homi.ide and not
o5 mu%de%.
2PC A3658 as amended8 states that %e.0less imp%uden.e .onsists in volunta%il+8 $ut
7Jo mali.e8 doing o% 5ailing to do an a.t 5%om 7hi.h mate%ial damage %esults $+
%eason o5 ine-.usa$le la.0 o5 p%e.aution on the pa%t o5 the pe%son pe%5o%ming su.h
a.t. Compa%ed to intentional 5elonies8 su.h as homi.ide o% mu%de%8 7hat ta0es the
pla.e o5 the element o5 mali.e o% intention to .ommit a 7%ong o% evil is the 5ailu%e o5
the o55ende% to ta0e p%e.autions due to la.0 o5 s0ill ta0ing into a..ount his
emplo+ment8 o% o..upation8 deg%ee o5 intelligen.e8 ph+si.al .ondition8 H othe%
.i%.umstan.es %ega%ding pe%sons8 time8 H pla.e.
)he elements o5 %e.0less imp%uden.e a%e appa%ent in the a.ts done $+ a..used#
appellants 7hi.h8 $e.ause o5 thei% la.0 o5 medi.al s0ill in t%eating the vi.tim o5 his
alleged ailment8 %esulted in the latte%:s death.
)he a..used had no intention to .ause an evil $ut %athe% to %emed+ the vi.tim:s
ailment.
)C:s %elian.e on the %ule that .%iminal intent is p%esumed 5%om the .ommission o5 an
unla75ul a.t is untena$le $e.ause su.h p%esumption onl+ holds in the a$sen.e o5
p%oo5 to the .ont%a%+.
Conse*uentl+8 t%ea.he%+ .annot $e app%e.iated 5o% in the a$sen.e o5 intent to 0ill8
the%eLs no t%ea.he%+ o% the deli$e%ate emplo+ment o5 means8 methods8 H manne% o5
e-e.ution to ensu%e the sa5et+ o5 the a..used 5%om the de5ensive o% %etaliato%+
atta.0s .oming 5%om the vi.tim.
On the othe% hand8 the%e is no me%it in a..used#appellants: .ontention that the
testimon+ o5 p%ose.ution e+e7itness /one+ 4e A$ella is not .%edi$le.
Second. =es. 2ule 12( ESe.tion 4 and 5F o5 the 2evised 2ules o5 C%iminal P%o.edu%e
p%ovides.
-)le* 9/,2,4O2,8 the de.ision o5 the 2)C8 "%. 148 Ce$u Cit+8 is A44I2B,' 7ith the
BO'I4ICA)IO; that a..used#appellants a%e he%e$+ de.la%ed guilt+ o5 %e.0less
imp%uden.e %esulting in homi.ide H a%e ea.h senten.ed to su55e% an indete%minate
p%ison te%m o5 4 mos. o5 arresto mayor8 as minimum8 to 4 +ea%s H 2 mos. o5 prision
correccional8 as ma-imum. In addition8 a..used#appellants a%e O2',2,' 6ointl+ H
seve%all+ to pa+ the hei%s o5 2and+ unta+ao indemnit+ in the amount o5 P5(38 mo%al
damages in the amount o5 P5(8(((.((8 and e-empla%+ damages in the amount o5
P3(3.
IN/,D 0. CA D215 SC2A 52 E1&&2FG
$a'ts* Intod and .ompan+ 7e%e tas0ed to 0ill Palang#pangan due to land dispute.
)he+ 5i%ed at he% %oom. /o7eve%8 she 7as in anothe% .it+ then thus the+ hit no one.
Iss)e* 9O; he is lia$le 5o% attempted mu%de%<
Hel+* ;o. Onl+ impossi$le .%ime. In the Philippines8 A%ti.le 4E2F p%ovides and
punishes an impossi$le .%imeMan a.t 7hi.h8 7e%e it not aimed at something *uite
impossi$le o% .a%%ied out 7ith means 7hi.h p%ove inade*uate 7ould .onstitute a
5elon+ against pe%son o% 5amil+. Its pu%pose is to punish .%iminal tenden.ies. )he%e
must eithe% $e E1F legal %esponsi$ilit+8 o% E2F ph+si.al impossi$ilit+ o5 a..omplishing
the intended a.t in o%de% to *uali5+ the a.t as an impossi$le .%ime. egal impossi$ilit+
o..u%s 7he%e the intended a.ts even i5 .ompleted8 7ould not amount to a .%ime.
)husI egal impossi$ilit+ 7ould appl+ to those .i%.umstan.es 7he%eI
E1F )he motive8 desi%e and e-pe.tation is to pe%5o%m an a.t in violation o5 the
la7N
E2F )he%e is no intention to pe%5o%m the ph+si.al a.tN
E3F )he%e is a pe%5o%man.e o5 the intended ph+si.al a.tN and
E4F )he .onse*uen.e %esulting 5%om the intended a.t does not amount to a
.%ime.
4a.tual impossi$ilit+ o..u%s 7hen e-t%aneous .i%.umstan.es un0no7n to a.to% o%
$e+ond .ont%ol p%event .onsummation o5 intended .%ime.
4a.tual impossi$ilit+ o5 the .ommission o5 the .%ime is not a de5ense. I5 the .%ime
.ould have $een .ommitted had the .i%.umstan.es $een as the de5endant $elieved
them to $e8 it is no de5ense that in %ealit+8 the .%ime 7as impossi$le o5 .ommission.
egal impossi$ilit+ on the othe% hand is a de5ense 7hi.h .an $e invo0ed to avoid
.%iminal lia$ilit+ 5o% an attempt. )he 5a.tual situation in the .ase at $a% p%esents a
ph+si.al impossi$ilit+ 7hi.h %ende%ed the intended .%ime impossi$le o5
a..omplishment. And unde% A%ti.le 48 pa%ag%aph 2 o5 the 2evised Penal Code8 su.h is
su55i.ient to ma0e the a.t an impossi$le .%ime.
P(,PL( v. CA.PUHAN DBa%.h 3(8 2(((G
$a'ts* P%imo Campuhan 7as a..used o5 %aping 5ou% +ea% old C%+sthel Pamintuan.
Campuhan 7as .aught $+ .hildLs mothe% on Ap%il 258 1&&6 at a%ound 4pm in thei%
house. Campuhan8 helpe% o5 Co%aConLs $%othe% 7as allegedl+ 0neeling in 5%ont o5 the
.hild 7ith $oth thei% pants do7na dn .hild 7as .%+ing ?a+o0o8 a+o0oA 7hile P%imo
5o%.ed his penis into .hildLs vagina
Iss)e* 9O; .%ime is %ape<
Hel+* ;o. Bodi5ied to attempted %ape
1. Consummated %apeI pe%5e.t penet%ation not essential. Slight penet%ation is
e*uivalent to %ape. Be%e tou.hing o5 e-te%nal genitalia .onside%ed 7hen its an
essential pa%t o5 penet%ation not 6ust tou.hing in o%dina%+ sense EPeople v. O%itaF.
a$ia ma6o%a must $e ente%ed 5o% %ape to $e .onsummated EPeople v. ,s.o$e%F
2. Attempted O no penet%ation o% didnLt %ea.h la$iaJme%e g%aCing o5 su%5a.e
3. 4ailed to p%ove that penet%ation o..u%%ed. Bothe%Ls testimon+ *uestiona$le 7ith
%ega%ds to he% position %elative to P%imo and .hild. )he+ 5ailed to esta$lish ho7
she .ould have seen a.tual .onta.t in he% position
4. BanLs instin.t is to %un 7hen .aught. P%imo .ould not have sta+ed o% to satis5+ his
lust even i5 .. seeing Co%aCon
5. Child denied penet%ation o..u%%ed
6. People v. Pillamo% .onsummation even 7hen penet%ation dou$tedI painLs 5elt8
dis.olo%ation o5 inne% lips o5 vagina o% %ed la$ia mino%a o% h+menal tags not
visi$le. ;o7 seen in .ase8 Bedi.o legal o55i.e%8 though penet%ation not needed to
p%ove .onta.t8 no medi.al $asis to hold that the%e 7as se-ual .onta.t. /+men
inta.t.
U.S. v. ADIA, D3! Phil. 754 E1&55FG
$a'ts* )omas Adiao8 .ustoms inspe.to%8 got a leathe% $ag .osting P(.!( 5%om
$aggage o5 ). Bu%a0ami and 0ept it in his des0 7he%e it 7as 5ound $+ othe%
emplo+ees
Iss)e* 9O; a.t is .onsummated the5t<
Hel+* =es. Agg%avating Ci%.umstan.e8 pu$li. possession
1. /e pe%5o%med all a.ts o5 e-e.ution as %e*ui%ed $+ 2PC A%t. 3. /e didnLt need to
ta0e it out o5 the $uilding
2. Spanish Sup%eme Cou%tI ta0ing 5i%st .aught $+ poli.e still .onsummated no p%oo5
o5 .ont%a%+N pi.0po.0et got mone+ $ut %etu%ned it late% on8 still .onsummatedN
too0 mone+ even i5 its on top o5 sa5e8 still .onsummated.
P(,PL( v. LA.AHANG D61 Phil. 7(3 E1&35FG
$a'ts* Au%elio amahang 7as .aught opening 7ith an i%on $a% a 7all o5 a sto%e o5
.heap goods in 4uentes St. Iloilo. /e $%o0e one $oa%d and 7as un5astening anothe%
7hen a pat%olling poli.e .aught him. O7ne%s o5 the sto%e 7e%e sleeping inside sto%e
as it 7as ea%l+ da7n. Convi.ted o5 attempt o5 %o$$e%+
Iss)e* 9O; .%ime is attempted %o$$e%+<
Hel+* ;o. Attempted t%espass to d7elling. Attempt should have logi.al %elation to a
pa%ti.ula% and .on.%ete o55ense 7hi.h 7ould lead di%e.tl+ to .onsummation.
;e.essa%+ to esta$lish unavoida$le .onne.tion H logi.al H natu%al %elation o5 .ause
and e55e.t. Impo%tant to sho7 .lea% intent to .ommit .%ime. In .ase at $a%8 7e .an
onl+ in5e% that his intent 7as to ente% $+ 5o%.e8 othe% in5e%en.es a%e not 6usti5ied $+
5a.ts. K%oiCa%dI in5e% onl+ 5%om natu%e o5 a.ts e-e.uted. A.ts sus.epti$le o5 dou$le
inte%p%etation .anLt 5u%nish g%ound 5o% themselves. Bind should not di%e.tl+ in5e%
intent. Spain SCI ne.essa%+ that o$6e.tives esta$lished o% a.ts themselves o$viousl+
dis.lose .%iminal o$6e.tive.
P(,PL( v. 1,H,LS/2CA1ALL(-, D61 SC2A 1!( E1&74FG
$a'ts* Cunigunda "oholst Ca$alle%o see0s %eve%sal o5 the 6udgment o5 the C4I o5
O%mo. Cit+ 5inding he% guilt+ o5 pa%%i.ideMshe allegedl+ 0illed he% hus$and8 4%an.is.o
Ca$alle%o8 using a hunting 0ni5e. )he .ouple 7as ma%%ied in 1&56 and had a
daughte%. )he+ had 5%e*uent *ua%%els due to the hus$and:s gam$ling and d%in0ing
and the%e 7e%e times 7hen he malt%eated and a$used his 7i5e. A5te% mo%e than a
+ea%8 4%an.is.o a$andoned his 5amil+. In 1&5!8 Cunigunda 7ent .a%oling 7ith he%
5%iends and 7hen she 7as on he% 7a+ home she met he% hus$and 7ho suddenl+ held
he% $+ the .olla% and a..used he% o5 going out 5o% p%ostitution. )hen he said he 7ould
0ill he%8 held he% $+ the hai%8 slapped he% until he% nose $led then pushed he% to7a%ds
the g%ound. She 5ell to the g%ound8 he 0nelt on he% and p%o.eeded to .ho0e he%.
Cunigunda8 having ea%lie% 5elt a 0ni5e tu.0ed in 4%an.is.o:s $elt line 7hile holding
unto his 7aist so she 7ouldn:t 5all to the g%ound8 g%a$$ed the hunting 0ni5e and
th%ust it into he% hus$and:s le5t side8 nea% the $elt line 6ust a$ove the thigh. /e died
2 da+s a5te% the in.ident due to the sta$ 7ound. )hen she %an home and th%e7 the
0ni5e a7a+. )he ne-t da+8 she su%%ende%ed he%sel5 to the poli.e along 7ith the to%n
d%ess that she 7o%e the night $e5o%e.
Iss)e* 9O; Cunigunda8 in sta$$ing he% hus$and8 a.ted in legitimate sel5#de5ense
Hel+* =es8 she did. A.*uitted
-atio*
1. "u%den i5 p%oo5 o5 sel5#de5ense %ests on the a..used. In this .ase8 the lo.ation and
natu%e o5 the sta$ 7ound .on5i%ms that the said vi.tim8 the hus$and8 7as the
agg%esso%.
9ith he% hus$and 0neeling ove% he% and .ho0ing he%8 a..used had no othe%
.hoi.e $ut to pull the 0ni5e tu.0ed in his $elt line and th%ust it into his side.
)he 5a.t that the $lo7 landed in the vi.init+ 7he%e the 0ni5e 7as d%a7n 5%om is a
st%ong indi.ation o5 the t%uth o5 the testimon+ o5 the a..used. "ased on the %e#
ena.tment o5 the in.ident8 it 7as natu%al 5o% he% to use he% %ight hand to lunge the
0ni5e into hus$and:s le5t side.
2. )h%ee %e*uisites o5 legitimate sel5#de5ense a%e p%esent
U&lawf)l agg%essio&. )he hus$and %eso%ting to pushing he% to the g%ound then
.ho0ing he% 6ust $e.ause she 7as out .a%oling at night .onstitutes unla75ul
agg%ession8 )he%e 7as imminent dange% o5 in6u%+.
-easo&a3le &e'essit4 of 5ea&s e56lo4e+. 9hile $eing .ho0ed8 Cunigunda
had no othe% %e.ou%se $ut to ta0e hold o5 the 0ni5e and plunge it into hus$and:s
side in o%de% to p%ote.t he%sel5. 2easona$le ne.essit+ does not depend upon the
ha%m done $ut on the imminent dange% o5 su.h in6u%+.
La'7 of s)ffi'ie&t 6%ovo'atio&. p%ovo.ation is su55i.ient 7hen p%opo%tionate to
the agg%ession. In this .ase8 the%e 7as no su55i.ient p%ovo.ation on the pa%t o5 the
a..used ECunigundaF to 7a%%ant the atta.0 o5 he% hus$and. All that she did to
p%ovo0e an imagina%+ .ommission o5 a 7%ong in the mind o5 he% hus$and 7as to
$e out .a%oling at night.
P(,PL( v. D(LI.A D46 Phil. 73! E1&22FG
$a'ts* o%enCo ;apoleon es.aped 5%om 6ail. Poii.eman 4elipe 'elima 5ound him in the
house o5 1o%ge Aleg%ia8 a%med 7ith a pointed pie.e o5 $am$oo in the shape o5 a
lan.e. 'elima o%de%ed his su%%ende% $ut ;apoleon ans7e%ed 7ith a st%o0e o5 his
lan.e. )he poli.eman dodged it8 5i%ed his %evolve% $ut didn:t hit ;apoleon. )he
.%iminal t%ied to %an a7a+8 not th%o7ing his 7eaponN the poli.eman shot him dead.
'elima 7as t%ied and .onvi.ted 5o% homi.ideN he appealed.
Hel+* )he SC %uled that 'elima must $e a.*uitted. )he .ou%t held that the 0illing
7as done in pe%5o%man.e o5 a dut+. ;apoleon 7as unde% the o$ligation to su%%ende%
and his diso$edien.e 7ith a 7eapon .ompelled 'elima to 0ill him. )he a.tion 7as
6usti5ied $+ the .i%.umstan.es.
P(,PL( v. 1(-,NILLA D&6 Phil. 566 E1&55FG
Nat)%eI Appeal 5%om the de.ision o5 the C4I o5 A$%a8 .onvi.ting the a..used o5
mu%de%.
$a'ts* A%senio "o%6al 7as ma+o% o5 a PaC A$%a at the out$%ea0 o5 7a% and .ontinued
to se%ve as ma+o% du%ing the 1apanese o..upation. 'e. 1&8 1&44 a..used#appellant
Banuel "e%onilla 7as appointed Bilita%+ Ba+o% o5 a PaC $+ t. Col A%nold.
Simultaneousl+8 he %e.eived a memo%andum issued $+ A%nold autho%iCing them to
appoint a 6u%+ o5 12 $olomen to t%+ pe%sons a..used o5 t%eason8 espionage o% aiding
the enem+. /e also %e.eived a list o5 all puppet gove%nment o55i.ials o5 A$%a8 7ith a
memo%andum inst%u.ting all Bilita%+ Ba+o%s to investigate said pe%sons and gathe%
against them .omplaints. "e%onilla8 pu%suant to his inst%u.tions pla.ed "o%6al unde%
.ustod+ and as0ed %esidents o5 a PaC to 5ile .ase against him. /e also appointed a
12#man 6u%+ .omposed o5 a$uguen as .hai%man and othe%s8 plus Alve%ne and
"alma.eda 7e%e p%ose.uto%sN Pa.uldo as .le%0 o5 the 6u%+8 and Inove%mo as .ounsel
5o% the a..used8 late% Att+. "a%%e%as volunta%il+ appea%ed as .ounsel 5o% "o%6al. )he
6u%+ 5ound "o%6al guilt+ on all .ounts and imposed death penalt+. Ba+o% "e%onilla
5o%7a%ded the %e.o%ds o5 the .ase to /ead*ua%te%s o5 In5ant%+ 5o% %evie7. 2e.o%ds
7e%e %etu%ned on Ap%il 1!8 1&45 7ith app%oval o5 A%nold. On the same da+8 "e%onilla
o%de%ed the e-e.ution o5 "o%6al. Immediatel+ a5te% the e-e.ution8 "e%onilla %epo%ted
the e-e.ution to A%nold8 the latte% .omplementing "e%onilla.
)7o +ea%s late%8 Ba+o% "e%onillo and othe%s involved in the "o%6al .ase 7e%e indi.ted
$+ C4I o5 A$%a 5o% mu%de%8 5o% allegedl+ .onspi%ing and .on5ede%ating in the e-e.ution
o5 "o%6al. P%es. 2o-as issued ,.P. no. !8 g%anting amnest+ to all pe%sons 7ho
.ommitted a.ts penaliCed8 unde% 2PC in 5u%the%an.e o5 %esistan.e to the enem+
against pe%sons aiding in the 7a% e55o%ts o5 the enem+. All the a..used Ee-.ept
a$uguen 7ho 5iled and g%anted amnest+ $+ the A4PF8 5iled thei% appli.ation to
Se.ond Kue%illa Amnest+ Commission8 7hi.h denied thei% appli.ation on the g%ound
that the+ 7e%e inspi%ed $+ pu%el+ pe%sonal motives8 thus %emanding .ase to C4I 5o%
t%ial on me%its. On 1ul+ 1(8 1&5( "e%onillo8 Pa.uldo8 Pelas.o and Ad%iati.o 7e%e
.onvi.ted as .onspi%ato% and .o#p%in.ipals o5 .%ime mu%de%. )he+ appealed.
Iss)e* 9O; a..used appellants a%e guilt+ o5 mu%de%N and 9O; the+ should $e
g%anted amnest+.
Hel+* )he %e.o%ds a%e ample to sho7 that "e%onilla a.ted pu%suant to the o%de%s o5
the In5ant%+ /ead*ua%te%s. Although it 7as alleged $+ the state that the%e 7as a
%adiog%am 5%om .e%tain Col. Pol0mann to t. Col. A%nold8 on the illegalit+ o5 "o%6al:s
e-e.ution8 the%e a%e no su55i.ient eviden.e to sho7 that it 7as 0no7n to "e%onilla.
4u%the%mo%e8 the messages o5 Col. A%nold app%oving the de.isions o5 "e%onilla p%ove
othe%7ise. )he testimon+ o5 2a5ael "alma.eda8 %elative o5 "o%6al 7as also un%elia$le.
)he state .laims that the appellants held g%udges against late "o%6al8 $ut .ou%t said
that the .ondu.t o5 the appellants does not dispose that the+ 7e%e impelled $+
mali.e. In 5a.t8 p%io% to the e-e.ution8 "e%onilla sent the de.ision 5o% %evie7. )he
lo7e% .ou%t also 5ound that "o%6al 7as %eall+ guilt+ o5 t%easona$le a.ts. )he .ou%t
held that the a..used#appellants 6ust a.ted upon the o%de%s o5 supe%io%s and .%iminal
intent 7as not esta$lished.
,ven assuming the a..used#appellant a%e guilt+ o5 mu%de%8 the+ should not $e denied
o5 the amnest+ on the g%ound that the sla+ing too0 pla.e a5te% a.tual li$e%ation o5 the
a%ea 5%om enem+ .ont%ol. )he .ou%t held that an+ %easona$le dou$t as to 7hethe% a
given .ase 5alls 7ithin the amnest+ p%o.lamation shall $e %esolved in 5avo% o5 the
a..used.
P(,PL( v. 1,N,AN D64 Phil. !7 E1&37FG
Nat)%e* Appeal 5%om a 6udgment o5 the C4I o5 Banila
$a'ts*
12 'e.. 1&34 # Celestino "onoan met Ca%los Kuison on Avenida 2iCal nea% a
$a%$e%shop .lose to )om:s 'i-ie 3it.hen. 4%an.is.o "ee.h8 7ho 7as at the time in
the $a%$e%shop8 hea%d "onoan sa+ in )agalog8 QI 7ill 0ill +ou.Q "ee.h tu%ned
a%ound H sa7 "onoan 7ithd%a7ing his %ight hand8 7J. held a 0ni5e8 5%om the side
o5 Kuison 7ho said8 QI 7ill pa+ +ou8Q $ut "onoan simpl+ %eplied sa+ing that he
7ould 0ill him H then sta$$ed Kuison 3 times on the le5t side. )he in.ident 7as
7itnessed $+ poli.eman 'amaso A%no.o. "onoan 7as a%%ested on the da+ itsel5.
"onoan admitted to sta$$ing Kuison. Kuison 7as ta0en to PK/ 7he%e he died 2
da+s late%.
5 1anua%+ 1&35 # P%ose.uting atto%ne+ o5 Banila 5iled an in5o%mation .ha%ging
Celestino "onoan 7ith the .%ime o5 mu%de%.
16 1anua%+ 1&35 # "onoan:s de5ense .ounsel o$6e.ted to the a%%aignment on
the g%ound that the de5endant 7as mentall+ de%anged and 7as at the time
.on5ined in the ps+.hopathi. hospital. )he .ou%t issued and o%de% %e*ui%ing the
'i%e.to% o5 the hospital to %epo%t on "onoan:s mental .ondition. A %epo%t 7as
%ende%ed $+ '%. )o%i$io 1oson.
23 Ba%.h 1&35 # the .ase 7as .alled 5o% a%%aignment again8 the de5ense
o$6e.ted and again the .ou%t 5iled anothe% o%de% %e*ui%ing the do.to% 7ho
e-amined "onoan to appea% in .ou%t to %epo%t on "onoan:s mental .ondition.
26 Ba%.h 1&35 # '%. )o%i$io appea%ed $e5o%e the .ou%t 5o% the in*ui%+. )he
.ou%t issued anothe% o%de% as0ing to summon othe% do.to%s 5%om the hospital and
to put "onoan unde% anothe% do.to%8 '%. 1ose 4e%nandeC8 5o% .lose% o$se%vation.
'%. 4e%nandeC 5iled his %epo%t on 11 1une 1&35.
2! 1une 1&35 the .ase 7as .alled again8 '% 4e%nandeC sho7ed up in .ou%t and
%epo%ted that "onoan 7as still not in a .ondition to de5end himsel5.
21 1anua%+ 1&36 # '%. 4e%nandeC %epo%ted to the .ou%t that
"onoan .ould $e dis.ha%ged 5%om the hospital and appea% 5o% t%ial as he 7as
Q.onside%ed a %e.ove%ed .ase.Q
27 4e$%ua%+ 1&36 # "onoan 7as a%%aigned and pleaded Qnot guilt+Q and the
t%ial 7as held. )o p%ove motive and mental no%mal.+ o5 "onoan the p%ose.ution
.alled on 'amaso A%no.o 7ho testi5ied that the %eason 5o% "onoan:s atta.0 7as
that Kuison o7ed him P55 and 7ould not pa+ him $a.0. "onoan had $ought the
0ni5e 7ith 7hi.h he sta$$ed Kuison 5o% 5( .entavos and had $een 7aiting 2 da+s
to 0ill him. /e a.*ui%ed this in5o%mation 7hen he a%%ested and *uestioned "onoan.
"onoan 7as .ha%ged 7ith the mu%de% o5 Ca%los Kuison8 and senten.ed him to li5e
imp%isonment and to pa+ P13 to indemni5+ the hei%s o5 Kuison.
)he de5endant appealed the .ase and his .ounsel .ited that the lo7e% .ou%t
had e%%ed in 5inding that "onoan had dementia inte%mittentl+ and not immediatel+
p%io% to the .ommission o5 the o55ense8 in 5inding that the a..used did not sho7
an+ a$no%malit+ eithe% in $ehavio%8 a.tion8 language8 appea%an.e8 o% a.tion that
he 7as mentall+ de%anged8 in 5inding that the $u%den o5 p%oo5 la+ in the de5endant
to p%ove that he 7as mentall+ de%anged at the time o5 the .%ime8 and in not
a.*uitting "onoan.
Iss)e* 9O; "onoan 7as insane at the time o5 the .ommission o5 the .%ime.
Hel+* =es. )he%e a%e 3 di55e%ent theo%ies used
E1F Insanit+ as a de5ense in a .on5ession and avoidan.e and as
su.h must $e p%oved $e+ond %easona$le dou$t. P%oo5 o5 insanit+ at the time o5
.ommitting the .%iminal a.t should $e .lea% and satis5a.to%+ in o%de% to a.*uit the
a..used on the g%ound o5 insanit+. EPhilippines uses thisF
E2F )hat an a55i%mative ve%di.t o5 insanit+ is to $e gove%ned $+
p%eponde%an.e o5 eviden.e8 and in this vie78 insanit+ is not to $e esta$lished
$e+ond a %easona$le dou$t.
E3F P%ose.ution must p%ove sanit+ $e+ond a %easona$le dou$t.
9hen a de5endant in a .%iminal .ase inte%poses the de5ense o5 mental in.apa.it+8 the
$u%den o5 esta$lishing the 5a.t %ests upon the de5endant. )o p%ove insanit+ the
eviden.e must $e .lea% and .onvin.ing. )he .ou%ts need to distinguish insanit+ in la7
5%om passion o% e..ent%i.it+8 mental 7ea0ness o% me%e dep%ession %esulting 5%om
ph+si.al ailment. In the sepa%ate %epo%ts given $+ '%. )o%i$io 1oson and '%.
4e%nandeC the+ $oth diagnosed "onoan to $e unsta$le8 stating that Qhe 7ill al7a+s
have t%ou$les and di55i.ulties 7ith this 7o%ld o5 %ealities.Q "onoan 7as diagnosed 7ith
dementia p%ae.o- 7hi.h is a mental disease that dis*uali5ies a pe%son 5%om legal
%esponsi$ilit+ 5o% his a.tions. In these people homi.idal atta.0s a%e .ommon $e.ause
o5 the delusions that the+ a%e $eing inte%5e%ed 7ith o% that thei% p%ope%t+ is $eing
ta0en. )he .ou%t 7as o5 the opinion that "onoan 7as demented at the time he
pe%pet%ated the se%ious o55ense .ha%ge 7ith and that .onse*uentl+ he is e-empt 5%om
.%iminal lia$ilit+.
8)+g5e&t* 1udgment o5 the lo7e% .ou%t 2,P,2S,'. 'e5endant appellant
ACRUI)),' $ut to $e 0ept in .on5inement in the San aCa%o /ospital o% an+ othe%
hospital 5o% the insane.
I56e%ial9 +isse&ti&g* Q)he dissenting opinions8 in esta$lishing the .on.lusion that
the a..used 7as then in the possession o5 his mental 5a.ulties o%8 at least8 at a lu.id
inte%val8 a%e $ased on the 5a.t admitted $+ the pa%ties and suppo%ted $+ e-pe%t
testimon+8 that the a..used $e5o%e the .ommission o5 a .%ime8 had $een .u%ed o5
dementia p%ae.o- and late% o5 mani. dep%essive ps+.hosis.Q )he in5e%en.e o5 the
ma6o%it+ that the a..used 7as insane is not su55i.ientl+ suppo%ted $+ eviden.e. ;o
attention 7as given to the de.ision o5 the 6udge 7ho o%iginall+ t%ied the .ase8 7hi.h
should have $een done $e.ause he 7as a$le to o$se%ve "onoan8 the 7itnesses8 the
eviden.e and the testimonies. )his .ou%t gene%all+ gives impo%tan.e to the
.on.lusions d%a7n $+ the 6udge 7ho t%ied the .ase in 5i%st instan.e unless the%e is a
.lea% .ont%adi.tion in the eviden.e and the de.ision8 7hi.h is not the .ase he%e.
Dia:9 +isse&ti&g* )he appellant .ommitted the .%ime 7hen he 7as sane o% at least
du%ing a lu.id inte%val. /e had motive to 0ill Kuison D55phpG8 as .lea%l+ stated $+ the
a%%esting poli.e o55i.e%. )he la7 p%esumes that eve%+one is sane8 and insanit+ is an
e-.eption8 to $e esta$lished $+ .lea% p%oo5 and it is not usuall+ pe%manent. )he%e is
no eviden.e o% %e.o%d that .an p%ove that "onoan 7as insane at the time he
.ommitted the .%ime8 o% that he 7as .ontinuing to su55e% 5%om insanit+ 5%om the date
o5 the .ommission o5 the .%ime. 9he%e it is sho7n that the de5endant e-pe%ien.es
lu.id inte%vals8 the .%ime is assumed to have $een .ommitted du%ing one o5 them8
unless p%oven othe%7ise.
Co&'e6'io&9 +isse&ti&g* )he%e is no eviden.e o% %e.o%d to p%ove that "onoan 7as
insane at the time he .ommitted the .%ime8 and the%e 7e%e no %e.o%ds to sho7 that
he had su55e%ed a %elapse o5 the .ondition he had sought t%eatment 5o% at the San
aCa%o hospital +ea%s $e5o%e the .%ime 7as .ommitted. "onoan had $een sane 5o% &
+ea%s Do% at least Qso.iall+ ad6usta$leQG. )he atta.0 o5 insomnia $e5o%e the event is
not .lea% p%oo5 that he 7as insane o% su55e%ing a $out 7ith insanit+ at the time o5 the
.%ime8 it me%el+ p%esents a possi$ilit+8 and the inno.en.e to the a..used .annot $e
$ased on a me%e possi$ilit+. )he a..used 7hen *uestioned $+ the poli.e immediatel+
a5te% the .%ime did not e-hi$it insane $ehavio%. It .annot $e said that "onoan
sta$$ed Kuison $e.ause o5 a hallu.ination $e.ause Kuison a.tuall+ o7ed him mone+
and this 7as .on5i%med $+ the 5a.t o5 his sa+ing QI am going to pa+ +ouQ $e5o%e he
7as sta$$ed. )his sho7s the motive 5o% agg%ession Dvengean.eG
P(,PL( v. DUNG, D1&& SC2A !6( E1&&1FG
Nat)%e* Automati. %evie7 o5 the de.ision o5 the 2)C o5 Pampanga .onvi.ting the
a..used o5 mu%de%.
$a'ts* On Ba%.h 168 1&!7 $et7een 2I(( and 3I((pm8 the a..used 7ent to B%s.
Sigua:s o55i.e at the 'epa%tment o5 Ag%a%ian 2e5o%m8 Apalit8 Pampanga. A5te% a $%ie5
tal08 the a..used d%e7 a 0ni5e 5%om the envelope he 7as .a%%+ing and sta$$ed B%s.
Sigua seve%al times. A5te% 7hi.h he depa%ted 5%om the o55i.e 7ith $lood stained
.lothes8 .a%%+ing a $loodied $laded 7eapon. )he autops+ %epo%t %evealed that the
vi.tim sustained 14 7ounds8 5 o5 7hi.h 7e%e 5atal.
2odol5o Sigua8 hus$and o5 the de.eased8 testi5ied that sometime in 4e$%ua%+ 1&!78
the a..used 2osalino 'ungo in*ui%ed 5%om him 7h+ his 7i5e 7as %e*ui%ing so man+
do.uments 5%om him. 2odol5o e-plained to him the p%o.edu%e at the 'A2.
)he a..used8 in de5ense o5 himsel58 t%ied to sho7 that he 7as insane at the time o5
the .ommission o5 the o55enseI
)7o 7ee0s p%io% to Ba%.h 168 1&!78 2osalino:s 7i5e noti.ed that he appea%s to
$e in deep thought al7a+s8 malt%eating thei% .hild%en 7hen he 7as not used to it
$e5o%e. )he%e 7e%e also times that he% hus$and 7ould in5o%m he% that his 5eet and
head 7e%e on 5i%e 7hen in t%uth the+ 7e%e not.
On that 5ate5ul da+8 2osalino .omplained o5 stoma.ha.he $ut the+ didn:t
$othe% to $u+ medi.ine as the pain 7ent a7a+ immediatel+. )he%ea5te%8 he 7ent
$a.0 to the sto%e. "ut 7hen And%ea 5ollo7ed him to the sto%e8 he 7as no longe%
the%e. 9o%%ied8 she loo0ed 5o% him. On he% 7a+ home8 she hea%d people sa+ing
that a sta$$ing o..u%%ed. She sa7 he% hus$and in he% pa%ents#in#la7:s house 7ith
people milling a%ound. She as0ed he% hus$and 7h+ he did the a.t8 to 7hi.h
2osalino ans7e%ed8 Q)hat:s the onl+ .u%e 5o% m+ ailment. I have .an.e% o5 the
hea%t. I5 I don:t 0ill the de.eased in a num$e% o5 da+s8 I 7ould die.A )hat same
da+8 the a..used 7ent to Banila.
'%. Santiago and '%. ,.haveC o5 the ;ational Cente% 5o% Bental /ealth testi5ied that
the a..used 7as .on5ined in the mental hospital8 as pe% o%de% o5 the t%ial .ou%t dated
Aug. 178 1&!7. "ased on the %epo%ts o5 thei% sta558 the+ .on.luded that 2osalino 7as
ps+.hoti. o% insane long $e5o%e8 du%ing and a5te% the .ommission o5 the alleged .%ime
and .lassi5ied his insanit+ as an o%gani. mental diso%de% se.onda%+ to .e%e$%o#
vas.ula% a..ident o% st%o0e. "ut '%. "alat$at 7ho t%eated the a..used 5o% ailments
se.onda%+ to st%o0e8 and '%. im 7ho testi5ied that the a..used su55e%ed do%m
o..lusive disease8 .on.luded that 2osalino 7as someho7 %eha$ilitated a5te% a se%ies
o5 medi.al t%eatment in thei% .lini..
Iss)e* 9O; the a..used 7as insane du%ing the .ommission o5 the .%ime .ha%ged.
Hel+* ;o. 4o% insanit+ to %elieve the pe%son o5 .%iminal lia$ilit+8 it is ne.essa%+ that
the%e $e a .omplete dep%ivation o5 intelligen.e in .ommitting the a.t8 that he a.ts
7Jo the least dis.e%nment and that the%e $e .omplete a$sen.e o% dep%ivation o5 the
5%eedom o5 the 7ill.
Unde% Philippine 6u%isdi.tion8 the%e:s no de5inite test o% .%ite%ion 5o% insanit+.
/o7eve%8 the de5inition o5 insanit+ unde% Se. 1(3&S o5 the 2evised Administ%ative
Code .an $e applied. In essen.e8 it states that insanit+ is evin.ed $+ a de%anged and
pe%ve%ted .ondition o5 the mental 5a.ulties8 7hi.h is mani5ested in language o%
.ondu.t. An insane pe%son has no 5ull and .lea% unde%standing o5 the natu%e and
.onse*uen.e o5 his a.t.
,viden.e o5 insanit+ must %e5e% to the mental .ondition at the ve%+ time o5 doing the
a.t. /o7eve%8 it is also pe%missi$le to %e.eive eviden.e o5 his mental .ondition 5o% a
%easona$le pe%iod $e5o%e and a5te% the time o5 the a.t in *uestion. )he vaga%ies o5
the mind .an onl+ $e 0no7n $+ out7a%d a.ts.
It is not usual 5o% an insane pe%son to .on5%ont a spe.i5ied pe%son 7ho ma+ have
7%onged him. "ut in the .ase at hand8 the a..used 7as a$le to B%s. Sigua. 4%om
this8 it .an $e in5e%%ed that the a..used 7as a7a%e o5 his a.ts. )his also esta$lished
that the a..used has lu.id inte%vals.
Bo%eove%8 '%. ,.haveC testi5ied to the e55e.t that the appellant .ould have $een
a7a%e o5 the natu%e o5 his a.t at the time he .ommitted it 7hen he shouted Edu%ing
la$o%ato%+ e-aminationF that he 0illed B%s. Sigua. )his statement ma0es it highl+
dou$t5ul that the a..used 7as insane 7hen he .ommitted the a.t.
)he 5a.t that the a..used 7as .a%%+ing an envelope 7he%e he hid the 5atal 7eapon8
that he %an a7a+ 5%om the s.ene o5 the in.ident a5te% he sta$$ed the vi.tim seve%al
times8 that he 5led to Banila to evade a%%est8 indi.ate that he 7as .ons.ious and 0ne7
the .onse*uen.es o5 his a.ts in sta$$ing the vi.tim. E)his 7as ta0en 5%om the )C:s
de.isionF.
8)+g5e&t* *uestioned de.ision A44I2B,'.
P(,PL( v. /AN(, D5! Phil. 255 E1&33FG
$a'ts* Poten.iano )aneo and his 7i5e lived in his pa%ent:s house in 'olo%es8 O%mo..
On 1anua%+ 168 1&328 a 5iesta 7as $eing .ele$%ated in the said $a%%io and guests
7e%e ente%tained in the house8 among them 7e%e 4%ed )anne% and uis Balinao.
,a%l+ that a5te%noon8 Poten.iano 7ent to sleep and 7hile sleeping8 he suddenl+ got
up8 le5t the %oom $olo in hand and8 upon meeting his 7i5e 7ho t%ied to stop him8
7ounded he% in the a$domen. /e also atta.0ed 4%ed and uis and t%ied to atta.0 his
5athe%8 a5te% 7hi.h8 he 7ounded himsel5. Poten.iano:s 7i5e8 7ho 7as 7 months
p%egnant at that time8 died 5ive da+s late% as a %esult o5 the 7ound.
)he t%ial .ou%t 5ound Poten.iano guilt+ o5 pa%%i.ide and 7as senten.ed to %e.lusion
pe%petua.
It appea%s 5%om the eviden.e that the da+ $e5o%e the .ommission o5 the .%ime8 the
de5endant had a *ua%%el ove% a glass o5 Qtu$aQ 7ith Collantes and A$adilla8 7ho
invited him to .ome do7n and 5ight. 9hen he 7as a$out to go do7n8 he 7as stopped
$+ his 7i5e and his mothe%. On the da+ o5 the .ommission o5 the .%ime8 it 7as noted
that the de5endant 7as sad and 7ea08 had a seve%e stoma.ha.he that:s 7h+ he 7ent
to $ed in the ea%l+ a5te%noon. )he de5endant stated that 7hen he 5ell asleep8 he
d%eamed that Collantes 7as t%+ing to sta$ him 7ith a $olo 7hile A$adila held his 5eet.
)hat:s 7h+ he got up and it seemed to him that his enemies 7e%e inviting him to
.ome do7nN he a%med himsel5 7ith a $olo and le5t the %oom. At the doo%8 he met his
7i5e 7ho seemed to sa+ to him that she 7as 7ounded. )hen8 he 5an.ied seeing his
7i5e %eall+ 7ounded and in despe%ation 7ounded himsel5. As his enemies seemed to
multipl+ a%ound him8 he atta.0ed eve%+$od+ that .ame his 7a+.
Iss)e* 9O; de5endant a.ted 7hile in a d%eam.
-atio* =es. )he de5endant a.ted 7hile in a d%eam H his a.ts8 the%e5o%e8 7e%enLt
volunta%+ in the sense o5 entailing .%iminal lia$ilit+.
)he appa%ent la.0 o5 motive 5o% .ommitting a .%iminal a.t does not ne.essa%il+
mean that the%e a%e none8 $ut that simpl+ the+ a%e not 0no7n to us. Although an
e-t%eme mo%al pe%ve%sion ma+ lead a man to .ommit a .%ime 7ithout a %eal motive
$ut 6ust 5o% the sa0e o5 .ommitting it. In the .ase at hand8 the .ou%t 5ound not onl+
la.0 o5 motives 5o% the de5endant to volunta%il+ .ommit the a.ts .omplained o5 E%eadI
he loved his 7i5e dea%l+8 he t%ied to atta.0 his 5athe% in 7hose house the lived and
the guests 7hom he invitedF8 $ut also motives 5o% not .ommitting the a.ts.
'%. Se%a5i.a8 an e-pe%t 7itness in the .ase8 stated that .onside%ing the
.i%.umstan.es o5 the .ase8 the de5endant a.ted 7hile in a d%eam8 unde% the in5luen.e
o5 a hallu.ination and not in his %ight mind.
)he 7i5e:s 7ound ma+ have $een in5li.ted a..identall+. )he de5endant did not
d%eam that he 7as assaulting his 7i5e8 $ut that he 7as de5ending himsel5 5%om his
enemies.
8)+g5e&t* de5endant not .%iminall+ lia$le 5o% the o55ense. It 7as also o%de%ed that
he $e .on5ined in the gove%nment insane as+lum and 7ill not $e %eleased until the
di%e.to% the%eo5 5inds that his li$e%t+ 7ould no longe% .onstitute a mena.e
P(,PL( v. D,;U(NA D6! Phil. 5!( E1&3&FG
Nat)%e* Appeal 5%om an o%de% o5 the Cou%t o5 4i%st Instan.e o5 Pangasinan
E.onvi.ting Palentin 'o*uena8 13 +%s8 & months8 and 5 da+s old8 o5 homi.ideN having
a.ted 7ith dis.e%nment in .ommitting the said a.t.F
$a'ts* "et7een 1#2 pm o5 ;ov. 1&8 1&3!8 1uan 2ago6os and ,pi5anio 2a%ang 7e%e
pla+ing volle+$all in the +a%d o5 thei% s.hool in Sual8 Pangasinan. Palentin 'o*uena8
the a..used8 inte%.epted the $all8 and th%e7 it a 2ago6os8 7ho 7as hit in the
stoma.h. Bi55ed8 2ago6os .hased 'o*uena8 and upon .at.hing him8 slapped 'o*uena
on the nape8 and pun.hed him in the 5a.e. A5te% doing this8 2ago6os 7ent $a.0 to
2a%ang to %esume pla+ing volle+$all. Insulted8 'o*uena loo0ed 5o% something to
th%o7 at 2ago6os8 5inding none8 he got his .ousin:s E2omualdo Co.alF 0ni5e8 and
.on5%onted 2ago6os. 2ago6o:s denied 'o*uena:s %e*uest 5o% a 5ight and %esumed
pla+ing. 'o*uena sta$$ed the una7a%e 2ago6os in the .hest8 the%e$+ 0illing the
latte%. )he .ou%t held that in .ommitting the a.t8 the a..used a.ted 7ith dis.e%nment
and 7as .ons.ious o5 the natu%e and .onse*uen.es o5 his a.ts8 the%e5o%e his de5ense
that he 7as a mino% 7as untena$le Egiven that the 'o*uena 7as a 7th g%ade pupil8
one o5 the $%ightest in his .lass8 and 7as an o55i.e% in the CA) p%og%amF8 and thus
.onvi.ted him o5 the .%ime o5 homi.ide. )he .ou%t o%de%ed him to $e sent to the
)%aining S.hool 5o% "o+s until he %ea.hes the age o5 ma6o%it+. )hus8 the appeal $+ the
a..used8 stating that to dete%mine 7hethe% o% not the%e 7as dis.e%nment on the pa%t
o5 the mino%8 the 5ollo7ing must $e ta0en into .onside%ationI
aF )he 5a.ts and .i%.umstan.es 7hi.h gave %ise to the a.t
.ommitted.
$F )he state o5 mind at the time the .%ime 7as .ommitted
.F )he time he had at his disposal
dF )he deg%ee o5 %easoning o5 the mino%
Iss)e* 9O; the a..used a.ted 7ith dis.e%nment
Hel+* 'e.ision a55i%med. =es8 the a..used a.ted 7ith dis.e%nment. A..used mista0es
the dis.e%nment 5o% p%emeditation8 o% at least 5o% la.0 o5 intention8 as a mitigating
.i%.umstan.e. /o7eve%8 the 'ISC,2;B,;) that .onstitutes an e-.eption to the
e-emption 5%om .%iminal lia$ilit+ o5 a mino% unde% 15 +ea%s $ut ove% nine8 7ho
.ommits an a.t p%ohi$ited $+ la78 is his B,;)A CAPACI)= to unde%stand the
di55e%en.e $et7een %ight and 7%ong8 and su.h .apa.it+ ma+ $e 0no7n and should $e
dete%mined $+ ta0ing into .onside%ation all the 5a.ts and .i%.umstan.es a55o%ded $+
the %e.o%ds in ea.h .ase8 the ve%+ appea%an.e8 the ve%+ attitude8 the ve%+
.ompo%tment and $ehavio% o5 said mino%8 not onl+ $e5o%e and du%ing the .ommission
o5 the a.t8 $ut also a5te% and even du%ing the t%ial.
P(,PL( v. 1IND,< D56 Phil. 15 E1&31FG
$a'ts* On Ba+ 68 1&3(8 'onato "indo+ o55e%ed some tu$a to )i$a+8 4austino Pa.as:
7i5e. She %e5used and "indo+ th%eatened to in6u%e he% i5 she did not a..ept. Pa.as
stepped in to de5end his 7i5e and attempted to ta0e a7a+ 5%om "indo+ the $olo he
.a%%ied. )he distu%$an.e att%a.ted the attention o5 ,migdio Omamdam. In the .ou%se
o5 the st%uggle8 "indo+ su..eeded in disengaging himsel5 5%om Pa.as8 7%en.hing the
$olo 5%om the latte%:s hand8 7ith su.h violen.e that the point o5 the $olo %ea.hed
Omamdam:s .hest8 7ho 7as then $ehind "indo+. )he t%ial .ou%t held that "indo+ 7as
guilt+ o5 the .%ime o5 homi.ide. "indo+ appealed8 alleging that the death o5
Omamdam 7as .aused a..identall+ and 7ithout mali.ious intent.
Iss)e* 9O; the .%ime o5 7hi.h "indo+ 7as 5ound guilt+ o5 .an $e mitigated on the
g%ound o5 a..ident.
Hel+* =es. 'e.ision is %eve%sed. "indo+ is a.*uitted a..o%ding to A%ti.le !8 ;o. ! o5
the 2evised Penal Code
-atio*
1. )he%e is no eviden.e to sho7 that "indo+
deli$e%atel+ and intentionall+ 0illed Omamdam.
;o eviden.e that Omamdam too0 pa%t in the 5ight $et7een
"indo+ and Pa.as.
;o eviden.e that "indo+ 7as a7a%e o5 Omamdam:s
p%esen.e.
;o eviden.e that the%e 7as disag%eement o% ill 5eelings
$et7een "indo+ H Omamdam. On the .ont%a%+8 the+ 7e%e nephe7 H un.le8 H
7e%e on good te%ms 7ith ea.h othe%.
2. )he 7itness 5o% the de5ense .o%%o$o%ates the
de5endant to the e55e.t that Pa.as and "indo+ 7e%e a.tuall+ st%uggling 5o% the
possession o5 the $olo8 and that 7hen the latte% let go8 the 5o%me% had pulled so
violentl+ that it 5le7 to7a%ds Omamdam8 7ho 7as the%e5o%e hit in the .hest8
7ithout "indo+:s seeing him8 $e.ause Omamdam had passed $ehind him. )he
testimon+ o5 this 7itness 7as not .ont%adi.ted $+ an+ %e$uttal eviden.e addu.ed
$+ the 5is.al.
3. I58 in the st%uggle8 the de5endant had
attempted to 7ound his opponent8 and instead o5 doing so8 had 7ounded
Omamdam8 he 7ould $e lia$le 5o% his a.t8 sin.e 7hoeve% 7ill5ull+ .ommits a 5elon+
o% a misdemeano% in.u%s .%iminal lia$ilit+8 although the 7%ong5ul a.t done is
di55e%ent 5%om that 7hi.h he intended.
)his is not the .ase he%e. "indo+ did not t%+ to 7ound Pa.as. /e 7as onl+ t%+ing
to de5end his possession o5 the $olo8 7hi.h Pa.as 7as t%+ing to 7%en.h a7a+ 5%om
him. /is .ondu.t 7as pe%5e.tl+ la75ul.
US v. /AN(D, D15 Phil. 1&6 E1&1(FG
Nat)%e* Appeal 5%om a 6udgment o5 the C4I o5 )a%la.
$a'ts* On 1anua%+ 268 1&(&8 Ce.ilio )anedo8 a lando7ne%8 7ent 7ith some 7o%0e%s to
7o%0 on the dam on his land8 .a%%+ing 7ith him his shotgun H a 5e7 shells. Upon
%ea.hing the dam8 the a..used 7ent on his 7a+ to hunt 5o% 7ild .hi.0ens8 meeting the
vi.tim8 4eli.iano San.heC8 the latte%:s Bothe% H Un.le. )he a..used 7ent into the 5o%est
upon the %e.ommendation o5 the de.eased to .ontinue his sea%.h 5o% the elusive 7ild
.hi.0ens. Upon seeing one8 )anedo shot one8 $ut simultaneousl+8 he hea%d a human
.%+ out in pain. A5te% seeing that San.heC 7as 7ounded8 )anedo %an $a.0 to his
7o%0e%s and as0ed one8 "e%na%dino )agampa8 to help him hide the $od+8 7hi.h the+
did $+ putting it amidst the tall .ogon g%ass8 H late% $u%+ing in an old 7ell. Onl+ 1 shot
7as hea%d that mo%ning H a .hi.0en 7as 0illed $+ a gunshot 7ound. Chi.0en 5eathe%s
7e%e 5ound at the s.ene o5 the .%ime. )he%e 7as no enmit+ $et7een the a..used and
the de.eased. P%io% to the t%ial8 the a..used denied all 0no7ledge o5 the .%ime8 $ut
late% .on5essed du%ing the t%ial. )he lo7e% .ou%t 5ound the a..used guilt+ o5 homi.ide8
having invited the de.eased into the 5o%est H intentionall+ shooting him in the .hest.
A..used 7as senten.ed to 14 +%s8 ! mos H 1 da+ o5 %e.lusion tempo%al8 a..esso%ies8
indemni5i.ations H .osts. )he a..used appealed.
Iss)e* 9O; the a..used is guilt+
Hel+* ;o. )he idea that )anedo intended to 0ill San.heC is negated $+ the 5a.t that
the .hi.0en and the man 7e%e shot at the same time8 the%e having onl+ one shot
5i%ed. Also8 a..o%ding toI
A%ti.le 1 o5 the Penal CodeI C%imes o% misdemeano%s a%e volunta%+ a.ts and
omissions punished $+ la7@
A%ti.le !I /e 7ho 7hile pe%5o%ming a legal a.t 7ith due .a%e8 .auses some
in6u%+ $+ me%e a..ident 7ithout lia$ilit+ o% intention o5 .ausing it.
Se.tion 57 o5 Code o5 C%iminal P%o.edu%eI A de5endant in a .%iminal a.tion
shall $e p%esumed to $e inno.ent until the .ont%a%+ is p%oved8 and in .ase o5 a
%easona$le dou$t that his guilt is satis5a.to%il+ sho7n he shall $e entitled to an
a.*uittal.
In this .ase the%e is no eviden.e o5 negligen.e on the pa%t o5 the a..used8 no% is it
disputed that the a..used 7as engaged in a legal a.t8 no% is the%e eviden.e that the
a..used intended to 0ill the de.eased. )he onl+ thing suspi.ious is his denial o5 the
a.t and his .on.ealment o5 the $od+.
)he .ou%t *uoted State vs. eggI Q9he%e a..idental 0illing is %elied upon as a
de5ense8 the a..used is not %e*ui%ed to p%ove su.h a de5ense $+ a p%eponde%an.e o5
the eviden.e8 $e.ause the%e is a denial o5 intentional 0illing8 and the $u%den is upon
the state to sho7 that it 7as intentional8 and i58 5%om a .onside%ation o5 all the
eviden.e8 $oth that 5o% the state and the p%isone%8 the%e is a %easona$le dou$t as to
7hethe% o% not the 0illing 7as a..idental o% intentional8 the 6u%+ should a.*uit.Q
Cou%t held that the eviden.e 7as insu55i.ient to suppo%t the 6udgment o5 .onvi.tion.
De'isio&* 1udgment o5 Convi.tion is %eve%sed8 the a..used a.*uitted8 and
dis.ha%ged 5%om .ustod+.
US v. CA1ALL(-,S D4 Phil. 35( E1&(5FG
Nat)%e* Appeal 5%om a 6udgment o5 the C4I o5 Ce$u
$a'ts* 2o$e%t "a.uli and Apolonio Ca$alle%os 7e%e .onvi.ted as a..esso%ies to the
.%ime o5 assassination o% mu%de% o5 5ou% Ame%i.an s.hool#tea.he%s8 having $u%ied the
.o%pses o5 the vi.tims to .on.eal the .%ime. )he+ 7e%e allegedl+ .oe%.ed.
Iss)e* 9O; the de5ense unde% A%t12E5F is tena$le
Hel+* =es. ;ot onl+ is "a.uliLs .on5ession that he onl+ assisted in the $u%ial o5 the
.o%pses $e.ause he 7as .ompelled $+ the mu%de%e%s8 $ut this 7as .o%%o$o%ated $+
the onl+ e+e7itness to the .%ime8 Sa$ate. Sa$ate said that he 7as p%esent 7hen the
Ame%i.ans 7e%e 0illedN that "a.uli 7as not a mem$e% o5 the g%oup o5 mu%de%e%s $ut
he 7as in the $anana plantation gathe%ing some $ananasN that 7hen he hea%d the
shots he $egan to %unN that he 7as8 ho7eve%8 seen $+ 'amaso and Isid%o8 the
leade%s o5 the $andN that the latte% .alled to him and st%i0ing him 7ith the $utts o5
thei% guns 5o%.ed him to $u%+ the .o%pses. As 5o% Ca$alle%os8 the%e 7as no p%oo5 that
he too0 an+ pa%t in the e-e.ution o5 the .%imeN the%e 7as .on.lusive p%oo5 to the
.ont%a%+. Sa$ate and "a.uli de.la%ed that Ca$alle%os did not ta0e an+ pa%t in the
$u%ial o5 the a5o%esaid .o%pses8 no% 7as he even in the pla.e o5 the o..u%%en.e 7hen
the $u%ial too0 pla.e. )hei% 5ailu%e to %epo%t the .%ime is not an o55ense punished $+
the Penal Code
U.S. v. (=AL/ACI,N D3 Phil. 33& E1&(5FG
Nat)%e* Appeal 5%om a 6udgment o5 the C4I "ula.an
$a'ts* On Ba%.h 268 1&(38 i$e%ate ,-alta.ion and "uenaventu%a )an.hin.o 7e%e
.ha%ged 7ith %e$ellion O 7ill5ull+ and illegall+ $ound themselves to ta0e pa%t in a
%e$ellion against the gove%nment o5 the US8 s7ea%ing allegian.e to the 3atipunan
So.iet+ E7hose pu%pose 7as to ove%th%o7 the gove%nment $+ 5o%.e o5 a%msF.
,-alta.ion and )an.hin.o .laim that the+ 7e%e .aptu%ed $+ a%med $andits and 7e%e
.ompelled to sign do.uments E.ontaining oath ta0en in the name o5 Kod and a
.ovenant to .a%%+ out supe%io% o%de%s o5 the 3atipunan So.iet+ and neve% diso$e+
them until thei% death in the de5ense o5 the mothe% .ount%+F unde% th%eat o5 death.
,-alta.ion and )an.hin.o %epo%ted the in.ident to the gove%no%8 lieutenant o5
voluntee%s and the p%esident o5 Be+.aua+an. 9itnesses testi5ied to this 5a.t as 7ell.
Iss)e* /aving signed the said do.uments8 a%e the de5endants guilt+ o5 the .%ime o5
%e$ellion< O% did de5endants in.u% .%iminal lia$ilit+ 7hen the+ signed the do.uments<
Hel+* ;o. )he eviden.e 5o% the p%ose.ution and the do.uments signed $+ the
a..used is not su55i.ient to p%ove the guilt o5 the latte% o% to 6usti5+ the imposition
upon them o5 the penalt+ in5li.ted $+ the 6udgment o5 the .ou%t $elo7. )he 5a.ts8
esta$lished $+ the eviden.e8 that the de5endants 7e%e 0idnapped $+ $%igands 7ho
$elonged to the Cont%e%as "and8 and that the+ signed the said do.uments unde%
.ompulsion and 7hile in .aptivit+8 %elieve them 5%om all .%iminal lia$ilit+ 5%om the
.%ime o5 %e$ellion o5 7hi.h the+ a%e .ha%ged. )he .ondu.t o5 the de5endants in
p%esenting themselves to the autho%ities as soon as the+ 7e%e %eleased is
.o%%o$o%ative o5 thei% inno.en.e. Kuilt o5 de5endants 7as not esta$lished $e+ond
%easona$le dou$t.
8)+g5e&t* 'e.ision o5 the lo7e% .ou%t 2,P,2S,'. 'e5endants ACRUI)),'
P(,PL( v. 1ANDIAN D63 Phil 53( E1&36FG
Nat)%e* Appeal 5%om a 6udgment o5 the C4I o5 O%iental Bisamis
$a'ts* One mo%ning8 Palentin Aguila% sa7 his neigh$o%8 1ose5ina "andian8 got to a
thi.0et appa%entl+ to %espond to the .all o5 natu%e. 4e7 minutes late%8 "andian
eme%ged 5%om the thi.0et 7ith he% .lothes stained 7ith $lood $oth in the 5%ont and
$a.08 stagge%ing and visi$l+ sho7ing signs o5 not $eing a$le to suppo%t he%sel5.
2ushing to he% aid8 he $%ought he% to he% house and pla.ed he% on the $ed. /e .alled
on Ad%iano Com.om to help them Com.om sa7 he $od+ o5 a ne7$o%n $a$e nea% a
path ad6oining the thi.0et 7he%e the appellant had gone a 5e7 moments $e5o%e. She
.laimed it 7as he%s. '%. ,milio ;epomu.eno de.la%ed that the appellant gave $i%th in
he% o7n house and th%ee he% .hild into the thi.0et to 0ill it. )he t%ial .ou%t gave .%edit
to this opinion.
Iss)e* 9O; "andian is guilt+ o5 in5anti.ide
Hel+* ;o. In5anti.ide and a$andonment o5 a mino%8 to $e punisha$le8 must $e
.ommitted 7ill5ull+ o% .ons.iousl+8 o% at least it must $e the %esult o5 a volunta%+8
.ons.ious and 5%ee a.t o% omission. )he eviden.e does not sho7 that the appellant8
in .ausing he% .hildLs death in one 7a+ o% anothe%8 o% in a$andoning it in the thi.0et8
did so 7ill5ull+8 .ons.iousl+ o% imp%udentl+. She had no .ause to 0ill o% a$andon it8 to
e-pose it to death8 $e.ause he% a55ai% 7ith a 5o%me% love%8 7hi.h 7as not un0no7n to
he% se.ond love%8 3i%ol8 too0 pla.e th%ee +ea%s $e5o%e the in.identN he% ma%%ied li5e
7ith 3i%olMshe .onside%s him he% hus$and as he .onside%s him his 7i5eM$egan a
+ea% agoN as he so testi5ied at the t%ial8 he 0ne7 o5 the p%egnan.+ and that it 7as his
and that the+Lve $een eage%l+ a7aiting the $i%th o5 the .hild. )he appellant8 thus8
had no .ause to $e ashamed o he% p%egnan.+ to 3i%ol.
Appa%entl+8 she 7as not a7a%e o5 he% .hild$i%th8 o% i5 she 7as8 it did not o..u% to he%
o% she 7as una$le8 due to he% de$ilit+ o% diCCiness8 7hi.h .ause ma+ $e .onside%ed
la75ul o% insupe%a$le to .onstitute the 7th e-empting .i%.umstan.e8 to ta0e he% .hild
5%om the thi.0et 7he%e she had given it $i%th8 so as not to leave it a$andoned and
e-posed to the dange% o5 losing its li5e. I5 $+ going into the thi.0et to pee8 she
.aused a 7%ong as that o5 giving $i%th to he% .hild in that same pla.e and late%
a$andoning it8 not $e.ause o5 imp%uden.e o% an+ othe% %eason than that she 7as
ove%.ome $+ st%ong diCCiness and e-t%eme de$ilit+8 she .ould not $e $lamed $e.ause
it all happened $+ me%e a..ident8 7ith no 5ault o% intention on he% pa%t. )he la7
e-empts 5%om lia$ilit+ an+ pe%son 7ho so a.ts and $ehaves unde% su.h
.i%.umstan.es E2PC A12E4FF. )hus8 having the 5ou%th and seventh e-empting
.i%.umstan.es in he% 5avo%8 she is a.*uitted o5 the .%ime that she had $een a..used
o5.
P(,PL( v. LUA CHU AND U< S( /I(NG D56 Phil. 44 E1&31FG
1a'7g%o)&+ of Case* On ;ov. 1&2&8 U+ Se )ieng8 7as the .onsignee o5 the
Shipments o5 Opium .oming 5%om /ong0ong8 7ho %ep%esented agents o5 the %eal
O7ne%s o5 Shipments o5 Opium .ontaining 38252 tins. /e .olla$o%ated 7J Samson H
;atividad o5 the Customs $+ pa+ing them an amount o5 P63 5o% the opium to $e
%eleased sa5el+ 5%om Customs.
On 'e.. 1&2&8 upon a%%ival o5 the Shipment o5 Opium in the po%ts o5 Ce$u8 U+ Se
)ieng in5o%med Samson that the 5o%me% .onsult the %eal o7ne%s on ho7 to p%o.eed the
pa+ment o5 P63 H 7ill .ome ove% to Samson house on 'e.. 178 1&2& to in5o%m the
de.ision o5 the o7ne%s.
On the same da+ Samson in5o%med the Consta$ula%+ %ep%esented $+ Captain
"uen.ose6o H the P%ovin.ial 4is.al %e*uesting a stenog%aphe% to ta0e do7n the
.onve%sation $et7een Samson H U+ Se )eung.
On the night o5 'e.. 178 1&2&8 Captain "uen.ose6o and a stenog%aphe% named
1umapao 5%om a la7 5i%m and hid themselves $ehind the .u%tains in the house o5
Samson to 7itness the .onve%sation $et7een Samson8 U+ Se )eung and ua Chu.
Captain "uen.ose6o H 1umapao noted the 55. impo%tant 5a.tsI
1. U+ Se )eung in5o%med Samson that ua Chu 7as one o5 the o7ne%s o5 the
Opium.
2. ua Chu in5o%med Samson that aside 5%om him8 the%e 7e%e .o#o7ne%s named
)an and anothe% lo.ated in Amo+.
3. ua Chu p%omised to pa+ the P68((( upon delive%+ o5 the opium 5%om the
7a%ehouse o5 U+ Se )ieng.
4. A Customs Colle.to% had a .onve%sation $e5o%e 7hen Samson 7as on va.ation
in ,u%ope8 7ith ua Chu and ag%eed on the $usiness o5 shipping the Opium.
)he 5ollo7ing mo%ning U+ Se )ieng and .ompanion8 U+ A+ p%esented pape%s to
Samson H Captain "uen.ose6o sho7ed up H .aught them in the a.t H a%%ested the
t7o Chinese. )he Consta$ula%+ then a%%ested ua Chu H .on5is.ated P5(3 7o%th o5
Opium E38252 tinsF.
$a'ts of Case* An Appeal 7as made $+ U+ Se )ieng H ua Chu H made 1(
assignments o5 e%%o%s made $+ the )C in its 6udgment.
A66ela&t>s
Poi&t of
Defe&se
Hel+
1uan Samson
indu.ed the
de5endants to
impo%t the
opium.
1. A pu$li. o55i.ial shall $e
involved in the .%ime i5I
/e indu.es a
pe%son to .ommit a
.%ime 5o% pe%sonal gain
'oes not ta0e the
ne.essa%+ steps to
seiCe the inst%ument o5
the .%ime and to a%%est
the o55ende%s $e5o%e he
o$tained the p%o5its in
mind.
/e o$tained the
p%o5its in mind even
th%ough a5te%7a%ds
does ta0e the
ne.essa%+ steps seiCe
the inst%ument o5 the
.%ime H to a%%est the
o55ende%s.
2. ,ven though 1uan
Samson smoothed the
7a+ 5o% the int%odu.tion o5
the p%ohi$ited d%ugs8 the
55 should $e noted that
held Samson not guilt+ 5o%
the .%imeI
)he a..used have
al%ead+ planned and
a.tuall+ o%de%ed the
opium 7ithout the
.onsent o% pa%ti.ipation
o5 1uan Samson.
'id not help the
a..used to su..ess5ull+
implement the%e plan
%athe%8 Samson assu%ed
the seiCu%e o5 the
impo%ted d%ug and the
a%%est o5 the
smuggle%s.
)%ial 6udge
%e5usal o5
e-.lusion o5
1uan Samson
in the 7itness
stand
eventhough
he 7as
al%ead+
dismissed
5%om the
Customs
se.%et se%vi.e
;ot one o5 the means
p%es.%i$ed in se.tion 342 o5
the Code o5 Civil P%o.edu%es
In a..epting
the t%ans.%ipt
ta0en do7n
$+ 1umapao
as the t%ue H
.o%%e.t
.onve%sation
$et7een 1uan
Samson H U+
Se )ieng
1. )he t%ans.%ipt .ontains
.e%tain admissions made
$+ the de5endants.
2. Stenog%aphe% attested
that it 7as 5aith5ull+ ta0en
do7n.
3. Co%%o$o%ated $+
statement o5 1uan
Statement in the .ou%t.
Co&'l)+i&g -e5a%7s*
(&t%a65e&t
1. )he p%a.ti.e o5 ent%apping pe%sons into .%ime 5o% the pu%pose o5 instituting
.%iminal p%ose.utions
2. It is a s.heme o% te.hni*ue ensu%ing the app%ehension o5 the .%iminals $+
$eing in the a.tual .%ime s.ene.
3. )he la7 o55i.e%s shall not $e guilt+ to the .%ime i5 he have done the 5ollo7ingI
a. /e does not indu.e a pe%son to .ommit a .%ime 5o% pe%sonal gain o% is
not involved in the planning o5 the .%ime.
$. 'oes ta0e the ne.essa%+ steps to seiCe the inst%ument o5 the .%ime and
to a%%est the o55ende%s $e5o%e he o$tained the p%o5its in mind.
I&stigatio&* )his is the involvement o5 a la7 o55i.e% in the .%ime itsel5 in the
5ollo7ing manne%sI
a. /e indu.es a pe%son to .ommit a .%ime 5o% pe%sonal gain
$. 'oesnLt ta0e the ne.essa%+ steps to seiCe the inst%ument o5 the .%ime
H to a%%est the o55ende%s $e5o%e he o$tained the p%o5its in mind.
.. /e o$tained the p%o5its in mind even th%ough a5te%7a%ds does ta0e the
ne.essa%+ steps seiCe the inst%ument o5 the .%ime and to a%%est the o55ende%s.
P(,PL( v. U-AL D56 SC2A 13! E1&74FG
$a'ts* U%al 7as .onvi.ted o5 mu%de% $+ the Tam$oanga C4I senten.ing him to
%e.lusion pe%petua8 and o%de%inh im to indemni5+ the hei%s o5 4eli- ;apola8 in the
sum o5 P123 and to pa+ the .osts. )he 6udgment o5 .onvi.tion 7as $ased on the
testimon+ o5 "%igido Al$e%to8 5o%me% detention p%isone% 7ho 7itnessed 7hat
happened. U%al8 a poli.eman8 $o-ed the de.eased8 4eli- ;apola8 a detention p%isone%8
inside the 6ail. As a .onse*uen.e o5 the 5isti. $lo7s8 the de.eased .ollapsed on the
5loo%. )he a..used stepped on the p%ostate $od+ and le5t. A5te% a 7hile he %etu%ned
7ith a $ottle pou%ed its .ontents on the %e.um$ent $od+ o5 the de.eased8 ignited it
7ith a mat.h and le5t the .ell again. As a .onse*uen.e8 the vi.tim late% on died o5 the
$u%ns. )he .%ime .ommitted $+ appellant U%al 7as mu%de% $+ means o5 5i%e
Ein.endioF EA%t 24!E3F8 2PCF
Hel+* )he t%ial .ou%t .o%%e.tl+ held that the a..used too0 advantage o5 his pu$li.
position EA%t 14E1F8 2PCF $ut it 5ailed to app%e.iated the mitigating .i%.umstan.e o5
Qno intention to .ommit so g%ave a 7%ong as that .ommitted.Q EA%t.13E3F8 2PCF. )he
intention8 as an inte%nal a.t8 is 6udged not onl+ $+ the p%opo%tion o5 the means
emplo+ed $+ him to the evil p%odu.ed $+ his a.t8 $ut also $+ the 5a.t that the $lo7
7as o% 7as not aimed at a vital pa%t o5 the $od+. )hus8 it ma+ $e dedu.ed 5%om the
p%oven 5a.ts that the a..used had no intent to 0ill the vi.tim8 his design $eing onl+ to
malt%eat him8 su.h that 7hen he %ealiCed the 5ea%5ul .onse*uen.es o5 his 5elonious
a.t8 he allo7ed the vi.tim to se.u%e medi.al t%eatment at the muni.ipal dispensa%+.
a.0 o5 intent to .ommit so g%ave a 7%ong o55sets the gene%i. agg%avating8
.i%.umstan.e o5 a$use o5 his o55i.ial position. )he t%ial .ou%t p%ope%l+ imposed the
penalt+ o5 %e.lusion pe%petua 7hi.h is the medium pe%iod o5 the penalt+ 5o% mu%de%
EA%ts 64E4F and 24!8 2PCF
U.S. v. A.PA- D37 Phil. 2(1 E1&17FG
$a'ts* 'u%ing a 5iesta8 an old man 7( +ea%s o5 age as0ed the de.eased8 Pato$o8 5o%
some %oast pig. In the p%esen.e o5 man+ guests8 the de.eased insulted the old man8
sa+ingI Q)he%e is no mo%e. Come he%e and I 7ill ma0e %oast pig o5 +ou.Q A little late%8
7hile the de.eased 7as s*uatting do7n8 the old man .ame up $ehind him and st%u.0
him on the head 7ith an a-.
Hel+* 9hile it ma+ $e me%e t%i5le to an ave%age pe%son8 it evidentl+ 7as a se%ious
matte% to an old man8 to $e made the $utt o5 a 6o0e in the p%esen.e o5 so man+
guests. )he a..used 7as given the $ene5it o5 the mitigating .i%.umstan.e o5
vindi.ation o5 a g%ave o55ense. In this .ase8 the age o5 the a..used and the pla.e
7e%e .onside%ed in dete%mining the g%avit+ o5 the o55ense.
U.S. v. HIC?S D14 Phil. 217 E1&(&FG
$a'ts* 4o% a$out 5 +ea%s8 the a..used and the de.eased lived illi.itl+ in the manne%
o5 hus$and and 7i5e. A5te%7a%ds8 the de.eased sepa%ated 5%om the a..used and lived
7ith anothe% man. )he a..used en%aged $+ su.h .ondu.t8 0illed the de.eased.
Hel+* ,ven i5 it is t%ue that the a..used a.ted 7ith o$5us.ation $e.ause o5 6ealous+8
the mitigating .i%.umstan.e .annot $e .onside%ed in his 5avo% $e.ause the .auses
7hi.h mitigate .%iminal %esponsi$ilit+ 5o% the loss o5 sel5#.ont%ol a%e su.h 7hi.h
o%iginate 5%om legitimate 5eelings8 and not those 7hi.h a%ise 5%om vi.ious8 un7o%th+
and immo%al passions.
P(,PL( v. 8A0I(- D311 SC2A 576 E1&&&FG
Nat)%e* Auto 2evie7 o5 de.ision o5 2)C o5 Agoo8 a Union
'e. 1&54I A..used#appellant ,dua%do 1avie% 7as ma%%ied to 4lo%entina a.este.
)he+ $egot 1( .hild%en. On 1une L&68 a5te% 41 +%s o5 ma%%iage8 1avie% admitted
0illing his 7i5e.
)estimonies o5 SPO1 2otelio Pa.ho8 a des0 investigato%8 and Consola.ion 1avie%
Panit H Alma 1avie%8 daughte%s o5 the spsI
o "et7een 2O3am8 Consola.ion8 7ho lived 1(#15m. a7a+8 hea%d he% mom
shouting8 ?+ou% 5athe% is going to 0ill meUA Et%anslated 5%om lo.al diale.tF. She
%an outside H met he% siste% Alma 7ho 7as 7eeping H in5o%med he% o5 thei%
pa%entsL *ua%%el. )ogethe%8 the+ 7ent to thei% $%othe% BanuelLs house8 a$out 7(#
!(m. a7a+ 5%om thei% pa%entsL house.
o Upon %ea.hing the latte%8 Banuel8 7ho ente%ed 5i%st8 5ound the li5eless $od+ o5
his mothe% in thei% $ed%oom and his 5athe%8 7ounded in the a$domen.
o )hei% 5athe%8 ,dua%do8 .on5essed to son Banuel that he 0illed his 7i5e and
the%ea5te% sta$$ed himsel5.
Ap%il 1&&7I 2)C held 1avie% guilt+ o5 the .%ime o5 pa%%i.ide and senten.ed him to
su55e% the penalt+ o5 death8 and to indemni5+ the hei%s o5 the vi.tim in the amount
o5 PhP5(3 as mo%al damages and PhP21873( as a.tual e-penses.
In his appeal8 1avie% .laims he 0illed his 7i5e $e.ause he 7as su55e%ing 5%om
insomnia 5o% a month and at the time o5 the 0illing8 his mind 7ent totall+ $lan0
and he did not 0no7 7hat he 7as doing. /e .laims that he 7as insane then.
Iss)es a&+ -atio*
!. @,N a'')se+2a66ella&t 8avie% 'a& 'lai5 5itigati&g 'i%')5sta&'es of
ill&ess a&+ of 6assio& a&+ o3f)s'atio&
;o to $oth. On illness8 sin.e 1avie% has al%ead+ admitted to the 0illing8 it is
in.um$ent upon him to p%ove the .laimed mitigating .i%.umstan.e. OSK 5ound no
su55i.ient eviden.e o% medi.al 5inding to suppo%t his .laim. 4o% the mitigating
.i%.umstan.e o5 ill&ess o5 the o55ende% to $e app%e.iated8 the la7 %e*ui%es the
p%esen.e o5 the 55 %e*uisitesI
Illness must diminish the e-e%.ise o5 the 7illpo7e% o5 the o55ende%8 and
Su.h illness should not dep%ive the o55ende% o5 .ons.iousness o5 his
a.ts.
4o% the .i%.umstan.e o5 6assio& a&+ o3f)s'atio& o5 the o55ende% to $e
app%e.iated8 the la7 %e*ui%es the p%esen.e o5 the 55 %e*uisitesI
)he%e should $e an a.t $oth unla75ul and su55i.ient to p%odu.e su.h
.ondition o5 mind8 and
Su.h a.t 7J. p%odu.ed the o$5us.ation 7as not 5a% %emoved 5%om the
.ommission o5 the .%ime $+ a .onside%a$le length o5 time8 du%ing 7J. the
pe%pet%ato% might %e.ove% his mo%al e*uanimit+.
)he de5ense neve% p%esented an+ medi.al %e.o%d o5 the a..used no% 7as a
ps+.hiat%ist p%esented to validate the de5ense o5 insanit+. ;one o5 the elements#
%e*uisites 7e%e p%oved to $e p%esent H in his testimon+8 1avie% even stated that he
7as not 6ealous o5 his 7i5e. ,*uall+ impo%tant8 the de5ense8 du%ing the t%ial8 neve%
alleged the a$ove#.laimed mitigating .i%.umstan.es o5 illness H passion H
o$5us.ation8 thus 7ea0ening the .ase o5 a..used#appellant. )he alleged mitigating
.i%.umstan.es a%e me%e a5te%thought to 7hittle Eto shapeF do7n his .%iminal
lia$ilit+.
A. @,N he sho)l+ 3e se&te&'e to s)ffe% a lowe% 6e&alt4
=es. )he .%ime o5 pa%%i.ide8 not $eing a .apital .%ime pe% se is not punisha$le $+
mandato%+ death penalt+ $ut $+ the 5le-i$le penalt+ o5 reclusion perpetua to
death8 t7o indivisi$le penalties. )he appli.ation o5 the lesse% o5 g%eate% penalt+
depends on the p%esen.e o5 mitigating and agg%avating .i%.umstan.es. )hus8 in
the a$sen.e o5 an+ agg%avating or mitigating .i%.umstan.e 5o% the a..used8 the
lesse% penalt+ o5 reclusion perpetua should $e imposed.
Hol+i&g* Appealed de.ision a55i%med 7J modi5i.ation. 1avie% to su55e% reclusion
perpetua and PhP5(3 imposed as .ivil indemnit+ instead o5 mo%al damages.
N,/(S* )he%e is passional o$5us.ation 7hen the .%ime is .ommitted due to an
un.ont%olla$le $u%st o5 passion so p%ovo0ed $+ p%io% un6ust o% imp%ope% a.ts8 o% due
to a legitimate stimulus so po7e%5ul as to ove%.ome %eason.
P(,PL( v. -,DIL D1(& SC2A 3(! E1&!1FG
Nat)%e* Automati. 2evie7 o5 6udgment o5 the Ci%.uit C%iminal Cou%t
$a'ts* 4lo%o 2odil 7as 5ound guilt+ o5 the .%ime o5 mu%de% $+ the Ci%.uit C%iminal
Cou%t 5o% the death o5 t.Basana.
0e%sio& of the 6%ose')to%
Ap%il 248 1&71 a%ound 1I(( pm O Basana togethe% 7ith 4idel8 igsa and
Bo6i.a 7as having lun.h inside a %estau%ant in 5%ont o5 the Indang Ba%0et. 9hile
the+ 7e%e eating8 thei% attention 7as .alled $+ 2odil 7ho 7as outside $lo7ing his
7histle. Basana8 in .ivilian .lothing8 a..ompanied $+ 4idel 7ent outside and
as0ed 2odil8 a5te% identi5+ing himsel5 as a PC o55i.e%8 7hethe% the gun that 7as
tu.0ed unde% his shi%t had a li.ense
Instead i5 ans7e%ing 2odil attempted to d%a7 his gun $ut 4idel g%a$$ed
the gave and gave it to Basana.
)he th%ee 7ent inside the %estau%ant and Basana 7%ote a %e.eipt 5o% the
gun and he as0ed 2odil to sign it $ut the appellant %e5used to do so. Basana
%e5used to %etu%n the gun to 2odil and as Basana 7as a$out to stand up 2odil
pulled out his dagge% and sta$$ed Basana seve%al times on the .hest and stoma.h
.ausing his death a5te% seve%al hou%s.
)he .ompanions o5 Basana too0 the a..used into .ustod+.
0e%sio& of the +efe&se
2odil is .laiming sel5#de5ense
2odil togethe% 7ith his 7i5e 7e%e eating inside the %estau%ant and 7hile
the+ 7e%e 7aiting 5o% thei% 5ood Basana app%oa.hed and in*ui%ed 7hethe% he 7as
a mem$e% o5 the Anti#smuggling Unit. 2odil ans7e%ed in the a55i%mative and
Basana invited him to 6oin him in his ta$le.
2odil a..epted the invitation. 'u%ing thei% .onve%sation Basana as0ed 5o%
identi5i.ation o5 2odil and the latte% sho7ed his I'. Basana told 2odil that his I'
7as 5a0e and 2odil insisted that it 7as genuine. Basana 7as demanding that
2odil su%%ende% his I' to him $ut 2odil %e5used. 9hen 2odil %e5used Basana
pulled out his gun and hit the a..used on the head 7ith its handle 5o% 2 times and
as a %esult $lood gushed out 5%om his head and 5a.e.
2odil pulled out his dagge% and sta$$ed Basana and then %an out o5 the
%estau%ant.
2odil 7ent to the di%e.tion o5 the Buni.ipal $uilding 7he%e he intended to
su%%ende%. On his 7as he met the Chie5 o5 Poli.e and he 7as a..ompanied to the
muni.ipal $uilding and 7as given 5i%st aid t%eatment.
Iss)es
!. @,N self2+efe&se 'a& 3e availe+ 34 -o+il
;O. Sel5#de5ense must $e p%oven $+ .lea%8 su55i.ient8 satis5a.to%+ and
.onvin.ing eviden.e
A..used must %el+ on the st%ength o5 his o7n eviden.e and not on the
7ea0ness o5 the p%ose.ution.
/aving admitted the 7ounding o% 0illing o5 the vi.tim8 the a..used must
$e held lia$le 5o% the .%ime unless he esta$lishes to the satis5a.tion o5 the .ou%t
the 5a.t o5 legitimate sel5#de5ense.
Cou%t .annot pe%.eive ho7 the %e5usal o5 the a..used to give his I' .ould
have p%ovo0ed o% en%aged the de.eased to the e-tent o5 initiating the
agg%ession $+ d%a7ing his pistol and hitting the a..used 7ith its $utt.
It is the a..used 7ho had eve%+ %eason to $e %esent5ul o5 the de.eased
and to $e en%aged a5te% the de.eased %e5used to heed his plea that his gun $e
%etu%ned.
A. @,N the '%i5e 'o55itte+ was 5)%+e% o% ho5i'i+e 5e%el4 o% 5)%+e%
o% ho5i'i+e 'o56leBe+ with assa)lt )6o& a& age&t of a)tho%it4.
C%ime .ommitted 7as homi.ide E;o .omple- .%ime $ut the%e is a gene%al
agg%avating .i%.umstan.eF
Bu%de% O it 7as esta$lished $+ the p%ose.ution that du%ing the sta$$ing
in.ident8 appellant suddenl+ and 7ithout giving the vi.tim a .han.e to de5end
himsel58 sta$$ed the latte% seve%al times 7ith a dagge%8 in5li.ting mo%tal
7ounds.
;o t%ea.he%+ O assailant H vi.tim 7as 5a.e to 5a.e. Atta.0 7asnLt
t%ea.he%ous $e.ause the vi.tim 7as a$le to 7a%d o55 the same 7J his hand.
4o%.e o5 7a%ding o55 the atta.0 7as so st%ong that the a..used $ump his head on
a ta$le nea%$+8 .ausing in6u%ies to him. 4ailed to sho7 that the a..used made
an+ p%epa%ation to 0ill his vi.tim so as to insu%e the .ommission o5 the .%ime8
ma0ing it at the same time possi$le o% ha%d 5o% the vi.tim to de5end himsel5 o%
%etaliate.
)%ea.he%+ e-ists 7hen the o55ende% .ommits an+ o5 the .%imes against the
pe%son emplo+ing means8 methods8 o% 5o%ms in the e-e.ution the%eo5 7hi.h
tend to di%e.tl+ and spe.iall+ to insu%e its e-e.ution8 7Jo %is0 to himsel5 a%ising
5%om the de5ense 7hi.h the o55ended pa%t+ might ma0e.
In5o%mation does not allege the 5a.t that the a..used then 0ne7 that8
$e5o%e o% at the time o5 the assault8 the vi.tim 7as an agent o5 a pe%son in
autho%it+.
Su.h 0no7ledge must $e e-p%essl+ and spe.i5i.all+ ave%%ed in the
in5o%mationN othe%7ise8 in the a$sen.e o5 su.h allegation8 the %e*ui%ed
0no7ledge 7ould onl+ $e app%e.iated as a ge&e%i' agg%avati&g
'i%')5sta&'e.
It is essential that the a..used must have 0no7ledge that the pe%son
atta.0ed 7as a pe%son in autho%it+ o% his agent in the e-e%.ise o5 his duties8
$e.ause the a..used must have the intention to o55end8 in6u%e8 o% assault the
o55ended pa%t+ as a pe%son in autho%it+ o% agent o5 a pe%son in autho%it+.
3. @,N the AC +is%ega%+ of %a&7 sho)l+ 3e a66%e'iate+
=,S. 9heneve% the%e is a di55e%en.e in so.ial .ondition $et7een the
o55ende% and the o55ended pa%t+8 this agg%avating .i%.umstan.e sometimes is
p%esent.
Besana identi5ied himsel5 as a PC o55i.e% and the a..used is me%el+ a
mem$e% o5 the Anti#Smuggling Unit and the%e5o%e in5e%io% $oth in %an0 and
so.ial status.
2an0 O %e5e%s to a high so.ial position o% standing
Cases 7he%ein the agg%avating .i%.umstan.e o5 dis%ega%d o5 %an0 7as
app%e.iated
a. People vs. "enito O .le%0 mu%de%ed assistant .hie5 o5 the pe%sonnel
t%ansa.tion division
$. People vs. )o%%es O mu%de% o5 Col. Salgado and in6u%ies to Ken. Castaneda
.. People vs. Pale%iano O mu%de% o5 dist%i.t 6udge
Chie5 o5 Poli.e EPanaliganF 7as p%esent du%ing the in.ident. Panaligan 7as
the one 7ho 7%ested the dagge% 5%om 2odil and the a..used 0ne7 him to $e
the .hie5 o5 poli.e.
Chie5 o5 poli.e is .onside%ed a pu$li. autho%it+ o% a pe%son in autho%it+ 5o%
he is vested 7ith 6u%isdi.tion o% autho%it+ to maintain pea.e and o%de% and is
spe.i5i.all+ dut+ $ound to p%ose.ute and to app%ehend violato%s o5 the la7
Disse&t* .ele&'io2He%%e%a
Contempt o58 o% 7hi.h insult to pu$li. autho%ities to $e .onside%ed as
agg%avating8 it is essential thatI
o C%ime is .ommitted in the p%esen.e o5 a pu$li. autho%it+8 not a me%e
agent o5 the autho%ities
o Pu$li. autho%it+ is engaged in the e-e%.ise o5 his 5un.tions and is not
the pe%son against 7hom the .%ime is .ommitted.
Basana is not a pu$li. autho%it+ no% a pe%son in autho%it+ he is a me%e
agent o5 a pe%son in autho%it+
'is%ega%d o5 the %espe.t due to %an0
o )he%e must $e a di55e%en.e in so.ial .ondition o5 the o55ende% and the
o55ended pa%t+
o O55ende% and o55ended a%e o5 the same %an0 the agg%avating
.i%.umstan.e does not appl+
o 'i55e%en.e in %an0 $et a lieutenant and o55i.e% o5 anti#smuggling unit is
not su.h o5 a deg%ee as to 6usti5+ .onside%ation o5 dis%espe.t o5 %an0 due to the
o55ended pa%t+.
P(,PL( v. DANI(L D!6 SC2A 511 E1&7!FG
Nat)%e* Appeal 5%om 6udgment o5 C4I "aguio Cit+8 "elmonte.
$AC/S* 13#+% old Ba%ga%ita Paleng 5iled .omplaint against Amado 'aniel alias
?Amado AtoA 5o% the .%ime o5 %ape.
On Sept 2(8 1&658 Ba%ga%ita8 a native o5 Bt P%ovin.e8 a%%ived in "aguio Cit+ 5%om
)u$la+ in a 'ang7a $us. She 7as then en %oute to he% $oa%ding house in Kuisad as
she 7as a high s.hool student at the "aguio ,aste%n /igh S.hool. 9hile she 7as
7aiting inside the $us8 the a..used 'aniel .ame and sta%ted molesting he% $+
in*ui%ing he% name and getting hold o5 he% $ag. She did not allo7 the latte% and
instead .alled the attention o5 the $us d%ive% and the .ondu.to% $ut 7as me%el+
sh%ugged $+ them. It seemed that the+ 7e%e also a5%aid o5 the a..used. 'espite the
%ain8 she le5t the $us and 7ent to %ide in a 6eep pa%0ed some 1((mete%s a7a+. )he
a..used 5ollo7ed he% and %ode and sat $eside he%. 9hen Ba%ga%ita alighted in
Kuisad8 she 7as again 5ollo7ed $+ the a..used. 2ea.hing he% $oa%ding house8 she
opened the doo% and 7as a$out to .lose it 7hen the a..used dashed in and .losed
the doo% $ehind him. /e pulled a dagge% ! in.hes long and th%eatened he% sa+ing8
?I5 +ou 7ill tal08 I 7ill 0ill +ou.A "e.ause o5 he% 5ea%8 Ba%ga%ita 5ell silent. She 7as
then 5o%.ed to lie do7n 7J the a..used pla.ing a hand0e%.hie5 in he% mouth and
holding a dagge% to he% ne.0. /e% attempts to 5lee 7as to no avail as she 7as onl+ 4
5t ! in.hes tall H &5 l$s 7hile 'aniel 7as 5 5t 7 in.hes tall and 7eighed 126 l$s. )he
a..used 7as su..ess5ul in having .a%nal 0no7ledge o5 Ba%ga%ita. )he%ea5te% she lost
.ons.iousness. 9hen she %e.ove%ed8 'aniel had al%ead+ gone.
4o% his de5ense8 'aniel asse%ts that he and Ba%ga%ita have 0no7n ea.h othe% sin.e
1&63 and this 7as in 5a.t the 2
nd
time he had .a%nal 0no7ledge o5 he%. Also8 he
alleges that he p%omised to ma%%+ Ba%ga%ita and 7as a.tuall+ su%p%ised the she 5iled
the .omplaint against him. Bedi.o#egal %epo%t indi.ated that Ba%ga%ita 7as a vi%gin
$e5o%e the in.ident .omplained o5.
H(LD* )he .%ime .ommitted $+ 'aniel is %ape 7J the use o5 a deadl+ 7eapon 7J the
agg%avating .i%.umstan.e o5 having $een .ommitted in the d7elling o5 the o55ended
pa%t+. Although Ba%ga%ita 7as me%el+ %enting a $edspa.e in a $oa%ding house8 he%
%oom .onstituted 5o% all intents and pu%poses a ?d7ellingA as the te%m is used in A%t
14 E3F 2PC. It is not ne.essa%+8 unde% the la78 that the vi.tim o7ns the pla.e 7he%e
he lives o% d7ells. "e he a lessee8 a $oa%de%8 o% a $ed#spa.e%8 the pla.e is his home
the san.tit+ o5 7J. the la7 see0s to p%ote.t and uphold.
)he .o%%e.t penalt+ is death pu%suant to A5t 335 2PC. /o7eve%8 5o% la.0 o5 the
ne.essa%+ num$e% o5 votes8 the penalt+ ne-t lo7e% in deg%ee is to $e applied. 'aniel
is senten.ed to su55e% the penalt+ o5 %e.lusion pe%petua and o%de%ed to indemni5+
Ba%ga%ita Paleng $+ 7a+ o% mo%al damages o5 PhP123.
P(,PL( v. SANGALANG D5! SC2A 737 E1&74FG
Nat)%e* Appeal 5%om C4I )aga+ta+ E7o7UF 6udgment
1une &8 1&6!8 6 a.m.I 2i.a%do Co%teC le5t his nipa hut in Silang8 Cavite
to gathe% tu$a 5%om a nea%$+ .o.onut t%ee. /is 7i5e 4lo%a Sa%no 7as le5t inside the
hut. 9hile on top o5 the t%ee8 Co%teC 7as st%u.0 $+ a valle+ o5 shots. /e late% on
5ell to the g%ound at the $ase o5 the .o.onut t%ee. 4lo%a 7ent outside H 7as
supposed to help his hus$and $ut the 5ive pe%sons ea.h a%med 7Ja long 5i%ea%m
5i%ed at he% too. She 7ent $a.0 to the hut 5o% .ove% $ut she 7as a$le to %e.ogniCe
the 5 as Con%ado KonCales8 I%ineo Canuel8 Pe%ino Canuel8 ,leute%io Cu+om H
au%eano Sangalang. )he latte% 7as 0no7n to 4lo%a H he% $%o 2i.a%do sin.e
.hildhood. )he 5ive le5t a5te% a$out 5mins H 7hen she %etu%ned to he% hus$and8 he
7as al%ead+ dead.
2i.a%do Sa%no8 4lo%aLs $%o 7ho lived nea%$+8 hea%d the gunshots too. /e
7ent out H sa7 Sangalang shooting Co%teC 7Ja Ka%and .a%$ine. /e 7as supposed
to help Co%teC $ut he 7as 5i%ed upon $+ the men too.
Sa%no H 4lo%a e-e.uted s7o%n statements H $ased on these8 a .omplaint
against the 5 o55ende%s 7as 5iled. Onl+ Sangalang 7as a%%ested. C4I .onvi.ted him
o5 mu%de% H 7as senten.ed to 2P.
'e5enseI Sangalang .laims that du%ing that time8 he 7as in Sampalo.8
Banila to $o%%o7 mone+ 5%om a .e%tain Katdula 5o% the tuition 5ees o5 his .hild%en.
/e li0e7ise impugns the .%edi$ilit+ o5 B%s. Co%teC H 2i.a%do.
Iss)es C -atio*
!. @,N Sa&gala&g>s ali3i is a+5issi3le
;O. 'is.%epan.ies in the testimonies o5 Sa%no H B%s. Co%teC a%e not
gla%ing and instead these st%engthen thei% .%edi$ilit+ H sho7 that the+ did not
%ehea%se thei% testimonies.
Co%teC H Sa%no .lea%l+ H .onsistentl+ testi5ied that Sangalang 7as
among those 7ho shot 2i.a%do. )hei% un7ave%ing identi5i.ation negates
SangalangLs ali$i.
Although motive 5o% 0illing 7as not p%oven8 it 7as not sho7n eithe% that
Co%teC H Sa%no 7e%e impelled $+ mali.ious desi%es to 5alsel+ in.%iminate
Sangalang.
A. @,N the D)alif4i&g AC of t%ea'he%4 alevosia" sho)l+ 3e a66%e'iate+.
=,S. 9hen the .%ime happened8 vi.tim 7as on top o5 a .o.onut t%ee. /e
7as una%med H de5enseless. )he assault 7as une-pe.ted. /e didnLt give an+
immediate p%ovo.ation. 'eli$e%ate H su%p%ise atta.0 insu%ed vi.timLs 0illing 7Jo
an+ %is0 to the o55ende%s a%ising 5%om an+ de5ense 7J. the vi.tim .ould have
made. )hus8 o55ense is mu%de%.
)%ea.he%+ a$so%$s the AC o5 $and.
,vident p%emeditation8 though alleged8 7as not p%oven.
Hel+* C4I a55i%med.
P(,PL( v. CA.AN, D115 SC2A 6!! E1&!2FG
Nat)%e* Bandato%+ %evie7 5%om the 6udgment o5 C4I Cama%ines Su%
4e$. 178 1&7( $et. 4 H 5 p.m. in ;ato8 Sagna+8 Cama%ines Su%I
Camano8 a5te% d%in0ing li*uo%8 sta$$ed Kodo5%edo Pas.ua 7Ja $olo 7hile the latte%
7as 7al0ing along the $a%%io st%eet almost in 5%ont o5 the sto%e o5 one So.o%%o
"uates. Pas.ua sustained 2 mo%tal 7ounds 7J. .aused his death. A5te%7a%ds8
Camano 7ent to the seasho%e o5 the $a%%io 7he%e he 5ound Ba%iano "uena5lo%
leaning at the gate o5 the 5en.e o5 his house in a 0neeling position 7J$oth a%ms on
top o5 the 5en.e H his head stooping do7n. Camano then ha.0ed "uena5lo% 7Jthe
same $olo sustaining ! 7ounds 7J. .aused latte%Ls death. ;o p%oo5 o5 an+
alte%.ation $et7een the a..used H vi.tims p%io% to the in.idents.
3 +%s $e5o%e the in.ident8 the vi.tims had a misunde%standing 7Jthe
a..used. Camano as0ed 5o% Pas.ua to to7 his 5ishing $oat 7Jthe moto%$oat o7ned
$+ "uena5lo% $ut the t7o %e5used to do so. Camano %esented su.h %e5usal. ,ven i5
the+ 7e%e seen d%in0ing togethe% late% on8 the 5%iendl+ attitude 7as mo%e a%ti5i.ial
than %eal. Camano %e5used to asso.iate 7Jthe 2 H a neigh$o%Ls attempt to
%e.on.ile the 3 7as %epeatedl+ %e5used. And in instan.es 7hen Camano 7as
d%un08 heLd even .hallenge "uena5lo% to a 5ight H announ.e his evil intention to 0ill
them.
P%ose.utionI Camano su%%ende%ed upon demand o5 the pea.e o55i.e%s.
/e admitted that he o7ned the $olo used in the 0illing H su.h 7as hidden unde%
the ta$le o5 his house. Pat%olman "alu+ot 5ound the $olo at the pla.e indi.ated $+
Camano. )he $olo 7as still stained 7Jhuman $lood. /e li0e7ise admitted that
0illed Pas.ua H "uena5lo% in sel5#de5ense $ut he %e5used to sign his statement. /e
7as .ha%ged 7Jmu%de% attended $+ evident p%emeditation H t%ea.he%+.
'e5enseI Camano .laims that he 7ent 5ishing ea%l+ mo%ning o5 4e$. 17.
"uena5lo%8 upon seeing that he had a $ig .at.h8 demanded a pe%.entage 5o% the
5ishe%+ .ommission. Camano %e5used to pa+ H sa7 "uena5lo% .alled him ha%d
headed. /e 7ent home a5te%7a%ds. A5te% dinne%8 he p%epa%ed to go out to sea
again. 9hile standing in the +a%d o5 his house8 he sa7 "uena5lo% H Pas.ua having
a d%in0ing session 7Ja g%oup o5 men at the s.o%e o5 So.o%%o "uates. /e .laims
that the "uena5lo%Ls g%oup app%oa.hed him H 7Jo an+ p%ovo.ation8 Pas.ua $o-ed
him. "uena5lo% pun.hed him also. /e .laims that 7hen Pas.ua 7as a$out to $olo
him8 he 7as a$le to g%a$ the $olo 5%om Pas.ua. Pas.ua then 5ell on the g%ound H
the %est o5 the g%oup %an a7a+ e-.ept 5o% "uena5lo% 7ho app%oa.hed him.
"uena5lo% 7as also a%med 7Ja $olo 7J. p%ompted Camano to $olo him. "uena5lo%
%an a7a+ on.e he 7as 7ounded $ut Camano %an a5te% him .laiming that 5o%me%
had a gun at home 7J. he might use to shoot Camano late% on. )hus8 he ha.0ed
"uena5lo% to death. /e denies 0illing Pas.ua H .laims that the 5ight 7as due to a
heated a%gument H thei% d%un0enness.
C4I Cam%ines Su%I senten.ed Camano to death. Claims o5 Camano a%e
7Jo evidentia%+ suppo%t H a%e me%e 5i.tions. /is .ousin H lone 7itness8 ;emesio
Camano is not .%edi$le eithe%. /is testimonies had a lot o5 in.onsisten.ies.
"esides8 i5 Camano 7e%e %eall+ inno.ent8 he should have p%odu.ed mo%e 7itnesses
.onside%ing that the .%ime 7as .ommitted in $%oad da+light 7Jman+ people
7itnessing it. "ut onl+ ;emesio 7as p%esented. ;emesio H CamanoLs testimonies
7e%e .hanged man+ times too. ,viden.e sho7 that he is guilt+ o5 mu%de% $e+ond
%easona$le dou$t 7Jevident p%emeditation8 t%ea.he%+8 a$use o5 supe%io% st%ength
H into-i.ation.
AppealI CamanoLs .ounsel .laims that the a..used is onl+ guilt+ o5
homi.ide H not mu%de%.
Iss)es C -atio*
!. @,N evi+e&t 6%e5e+itatio& sho)l+ 3e a66%e'iate+.
;O. ,vident P%emeditation is p%esent 7hen the o55ende% had .a%e5ull+
planned the 0illing.
2e*uisitesI aF time 7hen o55ende% dete%mined to .ommit the .%imeN $F
a.t mani5estl+ indi.ating that the .ulp%it had .lung to his dete%minationN .F
su55i.ient lapse o5 time $et the dete%mination H e-e.ution o5 the .%ime to allo7
him to %e5le.t upon the .onse*uen.es o5 his a.t H to allo7 his .ons.ien.e to
ove%.ome the %esolution o5 his 7ill.
;o p%oo5 o5 the %e*uisites in this .ase. )%ial .ou%t me%el+ .on.luded that
.%ime 7as p%emeditated due to the in.ident 7J. o..u%%ed 3 +%s ago. "ut su.h
did not esta$lish the time 7hen Camano de.ided to .ommit the .%ime. It .an
onl+ esta$lish his motive 5o% 0illing the vi.tims. P%evious in.idents 7he%ein
Camano .hallenged "uena5lo% to a 5ight did not %eveal a pe%sisten.e o5 .%iminal
design sin.e the%eLs no p%oo5 that he 7as ma0ing plans in $et7een those
th%eats H the .onsummation o5 the .%ime.
A. @,N t%ea'he%4 sho)l+ 3e a66%e'iate+
=,S. Amado Pa+ago8 one o5 the men d%in0ing 7JPas.ua H "uena5lo%
du%ing the in.ident8 testi5ied that Camano atta.0ed Pas.ua 5%om $ehind. Su.h is
a measu%e 7J. ensu%es the a..omplishment o5 .%iminal a.t 7Jo an+ %is0 to the
pe%pet%ato% a%ising 5%om the de5ense that his vi.tim ma+ put up .ha%a.te%iCing
t%ea.he%+. Pa+agoLs testimon+ is 5u%the% st%engthened $+ the natu%e H lo.ation
o5 the 7ounds sustained $+ Pas.ua 7J. sho7 that the point o5 ent%+ o5 the sta$
7ounds 7e%e at the $a.0 H point o5 e-it 7e%e in 5%ont.
"uena5lo% 7as ha.0ed 7hile he 7as in a 0neeling position. )he atta.0
7as sudden8 une-pe.ted H lethal su.h as to disa$le H in.apa.itate him 5%om
putting up an+ de5ense.
3. @,N a3)se of s)6e%io% st%e&gth sho)l+ 3e a3so%3e+ i& t%ea'he%4. E
<(S.
F. @,N the alte%&ative 'i%')5sta&'e of i&toBi'atio& sho)l+ 3e
a66%e'iate+ as a& agg%avati&g 'i%')5sta&'e.
;O. I)LS BI)IKA)I;K. CamanoLs .ounsel .laims that the%e 7as no p%oo5
o5 a..usedLs into-i.ation at the time o5 the 0illing othe% than Pa+agoLs testimon+
that he sa7 Camano d%in0ing in his house a$out 3( mete%s a7a+. ;o poli.e
%epo%tJdo.to%Ls .e%ti5i.ation 7as p%esented eithe%. 4u%the%mo%e8 the%eLs no p%oo5
that a..used pu%pose5ull+ got d%un0 to 5a.ilitate the .ommission o5 the o55ense.
I5 into-i.ation should $e app%e.iated it should $e used as mitigating
.i%.umstan.e sin.e it diminished his .apa.it+ to 0no7 the in6usti.e o5 his a.ts H
.omp%ehend 5ull+ the .onse*uen.e o5 his a.ts.
Bitigating i5 a..idental8 not ha$itual o% intentional H not su$se*uent to
the plan to .ommit the .%ime. It must $e indu$ita$l+ p%oven.
Agg%avating i5 ha$itual o% intentional. /a$itual d%un0a%d is one given to
into-i.ation $+ e-.essive use o5 into-i.ating d%in0s. /a$it should $e a.tual H
.on5i%med. ;ot ne.essa%il+ a dail+ o..u%%en.e $ut it must lessen the individualLs
%esistan.e to evil thought H unde%mine 7ill po7e% ma0ing its vi.tim a potential
evildoe%.
;o p%oo5 that Camano 7as a ha$itual d%in0e% although he used to get
d%un0 eve%+ no7 H then. ,ven Paga+oLs testimon+ does not esta$lish the
ha$itual d%in0ing o5 Camano. )he into-i.ation not $eing ha$itual H sin.e
a..used 7as in a state o5 into-i.ation at the time o5 the .ommission o5 the
.%ime8 into-i.ation should $e app%e.iated as a mitigating .i%.umstan.e.
G. @,N +eath is a '%)el C )&)s)al 6e&alt4 C &ot 6%o6e% i& the 'ase at
3a%.
;O. CamanoLs .ounsel .laims that the penalt+ violates A%t. IP8 Se.. 21 o5
the Consti 7J. p%ovides that e-.essive 5ines shall not $e imposed no% .%uel o%
unusual punishment in5li.ted.
/a%den vs. 'i% o5 P%isonsI 'P is not .%uel8 un6ust o% e-.essive.
Punishments a%e .%uel 7hen the+ involve to%tu%e o% a linge%ing death $ut the
punishment o5 death is not .%uel 7Jin the meaning o5 that 7o%d as used in the
Consti. It implies something inhuman H $a%$a%ous8 something mo%e that the
me%e e-tinguishments o5 li5e.
Hel+* Camano guilt+ o5 mu%de%8 the%e $eing 1 BC H no AC8 penalt+ o5 2) imposed.
AD)i&o +isse&ti&g* P%emeditation is agg%avating thus a..used should $e senten.ed
to 2 2Ps.
.a7asia% 'o&')%%i&g* Polunta%+ su%%ende% 7ill also mitigate guilt o5 the a..used.
/e had a .hoi.e to su%%ende% o% not 7hen demanded $+ the poli.emen 7ho didnLt
pla.e him unde% a%%est no% did the+ have an+ a%%est 7a%%ant.
UNI/(D S/A/(S v. INDANAN D24 Phil. 2(3 E1&13FG
Panglima Indanan8 a..ussed is the headman o5 Pa%ang.
On Ba%. 248 1&128 Indanan o%de%ed the 0illing o5 Sa%iol to his men A0i%an8
3al+a0an H Suhu%i in the Chinese Cemeta%+ asse%ting that Indanan had an o%de% to
that e55e.t 5%om the gove%no%.
)he C4I 5ound Indanan guilt+ o5 the .%ime o5 mu%de% H senten.ing him
to $e hanged.
Iss)es* 9O; Indanan is guilt+ o5 mu%de% $+ indu.ement<
=,S. A13E2F8 o5 the Penal Code de.la%es those to $e p%in.ipals in a .%ime
Q7ho di%e.tl+ 5o%.e o% indu.e othe%s to .ommit it.Q
Commenting upon this pa%ag%aph8 Piada sa+sI
)he+ 5o%.e anothe% to .ommit a .%ime 7ho ph+si.all+ $+ a.tual 5o%.e o%
g%ave 5ea%8 5o% e-ample8 7ith a pistol in hand o% $+ an+ othe% th%eatening means8
o$lige anothe% to .ommit the .%ime. In ou% .ommenta%+ on pa%. & o5 A! Epage 2!F8
7e have al%ead+ said that he 7ho su55e%s violen.e a.ts 7Jo 7ill H against his 7ill8 is
no mo%e than an inst%ument8 H the%e5o%e is guilt+ o5 no 7%ong. )he %eal .ulp%its in
su.h .ase8 the onl+ guilt+ pe%sons8 a%e those 7ho use the violen.e8 those 7ho 5o%.e
the othe% to .ommit the .%ime.
One is indu.ed di%e.tl+ to .ommit a .%ime eithe% $+ .ommand8 o% 5o% a
.onside%ation8 o% $+ an+ othe% simila% a.t 7J. .onstitutes the %eal H moving .ause
o5 the .%ime H 7J. 7as done 5o% the pu%pose o5 indu.ing su.h .%iminal a.t H 7as
su55i.ient 5o% that pu%pose. 9eLve al%ead+ seen in ou% .ommenta%+ on pa%. 12 o5
A! that the 1 7ho ph+si.all+ .ommits the .%ime ma+ es.ape .%iminal %esponsi$ilit+
$+ sho7ing that he a.ted 7J due o$edien.e to an o%de%N in su.h .ase the .%iminal
%esponsi$ilit+ 5alls enti%el+ upon the 1 7ho o%de%s8 i.e.8 upon him 7ho $+ his
.ommands has di%e.tl+ indu.ed the othe% to .ommit the a.t. "ut in .ase the
o$edien.e o5 the in5e%io% isnLt due to the supe%io% H thus not ne.essa%+8 H doesnLt8
thus8 e-empt him 5%om .%iminal %esponsi$ilit+ as the ph+si.al autho% o5 the .%ime8
he 7ho thus8 $+ his .ommand8 di%e.tl+ indu.ed him to the .%iminal a.t is
.onside%ed $+ the la7 also as p%in.ipal in the .%ime.
)he pa.to $+ vi%tue o5 7J. 1 pu%.hases 5o% a .onside%ation the hand 7J.
.ommits the .%ime ma0es him 7ho gives8 p%omises8 o% o55e%s the .onside%ation
the p%in.ipal in the .%ime $+ di%e.t indu.ement8 $e.ause 7Jo su.h o55e% o% p%omise
the .%iminal a.t 7ould neve% have $een .ommitted. "ut this doesnLt mean that the
1 7ho a.tuall+ .ommits the .%ime $+ %eason o5 su.h p%omise8 %emune%ation o%
%e7a%d is e-empted 5%om .%iminal %esponsi$ilit+N on the .ont%a%+8 su.h
.i%.umstan.e .onstitutes an agg%avation o5 his .%ime.
9e have he%eto5o%e said that in addition to the p%e.epto H the pa.to
the%e a%e simila% means $+ 7J. anothe% ma+ $e indu.ed to .ommit a .%ime 7J. also
ma0e the 1 7ho o55e%s the indu.ement the p%in.ipal in the .%ime $+ vi%tue o5 the
p%ovisions o5 A13E2F. "ut it must $e $o%ne in mind that these a.ts o5 indu.ement do
not .onsist in simple advi.e o% .ounsel given $e5o%e the a.t is .ommitted8 o% in
simple 7o%ds utte%ed at the time the a.t 7as .ommitted. Su.h advi.e H su.h 7o%ds
.onstitute undou$tedl+ an evil a.t8 an indu.ement .ondemned $+ the mo%al la7N
$ut in o%de% that8 unde% the p%ovisions o5 the Code8 su.h a.t .an $e .onside%ed
di%e.t indu.ement8 it is ne.essa%+ that su.h advi.e o% su.h 7o%ds have a g%eat
dominan.e H g%eat in5luen.e ove% the pe%son 7ho a.tsN it is ne.essa%+ that the+ $e
as di%e.t8 as e55i.a.ious8 as po7e%5ul as ph+si.al o% mo%al .oe%.ion o% as violen.e
itsel5.
P(,PL( v. ?IICHI ,.IN( D61 Phil 6(& E1&35FG
Nat)%e* Appeal 5%om a 6udgment o5 C4I 'avao.
$AC/SI 'e5endants appeal 5%om a de.ision o5 the C4I 5inding them guilt+ o5
5%ust%ated homi.ide8 7J the AC that advantage 7as ta0en o5 thei% supe%io% st%ength8
H senten.ing them ea.h to su55e% an IS 5%om 6 +%s o5 p%ision .o%%e..ional to 12 +%s o5
p%ision ma+o%.
'e5endants ,dua%do Auto%8 uis adion and Agapito Co%tesano 7e%e 7o%0ing unde%
.o#de5endant 3ii.hi Omine8 the ove%see% o% manage% o5 the hemp plantation o7ned
$+ Angel Pulido. )he 4 de5endants lived togethe% in a house on the plantation. 3ii.hi
Omine as0ed Angel Pulido pe%mission to open a ne7 %oad th%ough the plantation.
A.dg to Omine8 Pulido did give his pe%mission thatLs 7h+ he $egan 7o%0ing on the
ne7 %oad. "ut a.dg to Pulido8 he %e5used to g%ant this %e*uest $e.ause the%e 7as
al%ead+ an un5inished %oad.
As Pulido and his son along 7J 2 othe%s 7e%e %etu%ning home 5%om a .o.0pit8 the+
noti.ed that a .onside%a$le num$e% o5 hemp plants 7e%e dest%o+ed $+ the
.onst%u.tion o5 the ne7 %oad. Ange%ed $+ this8 the+ 7ent to the de5endantsL house
and the%e happened a violent alte%.ation %esulting to the o7ne% PulidoLs death 5%om a
7ound $+ a $olo st%u.0 in his $%east.
H(LDI Although it is alleged that 3ii.hi Omine utte%ed 7o%ds o5 indu.ement to
,dua%do Auto%8 it 7ould $e insu55i.ient to ma0e him a p%in.ipal $+ indu.tion. ,dua%do
Auto% though 7o%0ing unde% the di%e.tion o5 Omine 7as still $eing paid $+ Pulido.
Bo%eove%8 it is ne.essa%+ that i&+)'e5e&t $e made di%e.tl+ 7J the intention o5
p%o.u%ing the .ommission o5 the .%ime and that su.h indu.ement $e the dete%mining
.ause o5 the .ommission o5 the .%ime. It must $e p%e.ede the a.t indu.ed and must
$e so in5luential in p%odu.ing the .%iminal a.t that 7Jo it the a.t 7ouldnLt have $een
pe%5o%med. Bo%eove%8 as 7o%ds o5 di%e.t indu.ement8 it is essential that su.h advi.e
o% 7o%ds have g%eat dominan.e and g%eat in5luen.e ove% the pe%son 7ho a.ts8 that
the+ $e as di%e.t8 as e55i.a.ious8 as po7e%5ul as ph+si.al o% mo%al .oe%.ion o% as
violen.e itsel5.
/en.e8 the 3 .o#de5endants o5 Auto% a%e not %esponsi$le 5o% the in6u%+ in5li.ted $+
him on Angel Pulido. 1udging 5%om the natu%e o5 the 7ound8 7J. 7as a$t 11 in.hes
in length8 it is p%o$a$le that it 7as .aused $+ the point o5 the $olo on a do7n7a%d
st%o0e. It 7as not a sta$ 7ound8 and 7as p%o$a$l+ given du%ing a .ommotion and
7Jo $eing aimed at an+ pa%ti.ula% pa%t o5 the $od+. Bo%eove%8 as Auto% st%u.0 the
o55ended onl+ on.e8 it is indi.ative that it 7as not his intention to ta0e the o55ended
pa%t+Ls li5e.
9he%e5o%e8 ,dua%do Auto% is guilt+ o5 lesiones graves 7J a senten.e o5 1+% ! mos H
21 da+s o5 p%ision .o%%e..ional8 sin.e the o55ended pa%t+ 7as in.apa.itated 5o% the
pe%5o%man.e o5 his usual 7o%0 5o% a pe%iod o5 mo%e than &( da+s8 and not o5
5%ust%ated homi.ide. )he %est o5 the .o#de5endants a%e a.*uitted.
P(,PL( v. D,1L( D114 SC2A 131 E1&!2FG
Nat)%e* Automati. %evie7 o5 the de.ision o5 C4I 2iCal. 1&!2
$AC/S* ate in the night o5 1une 138 1&668 1( men8 almost all heavil+ a%med 7J
pistols8 .a%$ines and thompsons8 le5t the sho%es o5 Banila in a moto% $an.a H
p%o.eeded to ;avotas82iCal to %o$ the $ea.h#$an0 P%udential "an0 H )%ust Co. Said
$an0 7ad an unusual $an0ing hou%s8 open 5%om midnight till !AB. On.e do.0ed in
;avotas and ta0ing advantage o5 the da%0ness o5 the night8 ! men disem$a%0ed 5%om
the $an.a and p%o.eeded to thei% mission. On.e inside8 the+ sta%ted 5i%ing at the
$an0Ls .eiling8 7alls H doo% o5 the vault. )he ! men then %etu%ned to the 7aiting
moto% $an.a 7J a$out P1(.53 H sped a7a+. As a %esult o5 the shooting8 man+
people got 0illed H in6u%ed. Among those 7ho got 0illed 7e%e agents o5 the la7.
Onl+ 5 o5 the 1( men 7e%e $%ought to t%ial8 the %est still %emain at la%ge. 2 o5 the 5
a..used 7e%e a.*uitted. It is onl+ C%esen.io 'o$le8 Simeon 'o$le and Antonio
2oma*uin appealing in the .ha%ge o5 $an0 %o$$e%+ .ommitted in $and8 7J multiple
homi.ide8 multiple 5%ust%ated homi.ide and assault upon agents o5 pe%sons in
autho%it+.
H(LD* 4i%st8 as to appellant Simeon8 eviden.e sho7s that the male5a.to%s met in his
house to dis.uss the plan to %o$ the $an0. )his .i%.umstan.e alone doesnLt .on.lude
his guilt $e+ond %easona$le dou$t. )he 5a.ts do not sho7 that he pe%5o%med an+ a.t
tending to the pe%pet%ation o5 the %o$$e%+8 no% that he too0 a di%e.t pa%t the%ein o%
indu.ed othe% pe%sons to .ommit8 o% that he .oope%ated in its .onsummation $+ some
a.t 7Jo 7J. it 7ould not have $een .ommitted. At most8 his a.t amounted to 6oining
in a .onspi%a.+ 7J. is not punisha$le. Simeon then 7as not a p%in.ipal $oth $+
ag%eement and en.ou%agement 5o% his non#pa%ti.ipation in the .ommission o5 the
.%ime. ;o% 7as it .lea%l+ p%oven that he had %e.eived an+ pa%tJ5%uits o5 the looted
mone+ as to ma0e him an a..esso%+. As %e.ommended $+ SolKen8 Simeon 'o$le is
entitled to a.*uittal 7J no su55i.ient eviden.e to esta$lish his guilt $e+ond %easona$le
dou$t.
;e-t8 as %ega%ds 2oma*uin H 'o$le8 the male5a.to%s 7ho 7aited in the $an.a8 $oth
.ontend that thei% e-t%a#6udi.ial statements upon 7J. thei% .onvi.tion 7as p%in.ipall+
made to %est8 a%e inadmissi$le 5o% having $een allegedl+ o$tained $+ 5o%.e and
intimidation8 to%tu%e and malt%eatment8 and in violation o5 $asi. .onstiLl %ts to .ounsel
and against sel5#in.%imination. /o7eve%8 it must $e noted that the+ didnLt p%esent
an+ medi.al .e%t to attest to the in6u%ies allegedl+ in5li.ted. Bo%e so that thei%
testimonies mat.h ea.h othe%Ls. And it should also $e noted that Celso A*uinoLs
testimon+8 as one o5 the a..used8 admitted that no violen.e 7as in5li.ted on him to
p%o.u%e his statement. )his is eviden.e enough that the appellants .ould not have
$een dealt 7J di55e%entl+ as thei% .o#a..used A*uino 7ho 7as allo7ed to give his
statement 5%eel+.
)he e-t%a#6udi.ial statements o5 the appellants a%e .onvin.ing to sho7 that thei%
lia$ilit+ is less than that o5 a .o#p%in.ipal $+ .onspi%a.+ o% $+ a.tual pa%ti.ipation.
C%esen.io 7as me%el+ in#.ha%ge o5 the $an.a and had no 0no7ledge o5 the .on.%ete
plan and e-e.ution o5 the .%ime. )he maste%mind o$viousl+ did not e-tend
.on5iden.e in him as he 7as onl+ as0ed to p%ovide a $an.a 6ust a 5e7 hou%s $e5o%e
the .ommission o5 the .%ime. ;o% 7as 2oma*uin .onside%ed a p%in.iple male5a.to%
as the%e 7as a gun pointed at him $+ C%esen.io to p%event him 5%om 5leeing a7a+
5%om the s.ene8 evident to sho7 that he neve% 6oined in the .%iminal pu%pose and
that his a.ts 7e%e not volunta%+.
An a''o56li'e is one 7ho8 not $eing p%in.ipal as de5ined in A%t 17 2PC8 .oope%ates
in the e-e.ution o5 the o55ense $+ p%evious o% simultaneous a.ts. )he%e must $e a
.ommunit+ o5 unla75ul pu%pose $et7een the p%in.ipal and a..ompli.e and assistan.e
0no7ingl+ and intentionall+ given to suppl+ mate%ial and mo%al aid in the
.onsummation o5 the o55ense. In this .ase8 the appellantsL .oope%ation is li0e that o5
a d%ive% o5 a .a% used 5o% a$du.tion 7J. ma0es the d%ive% a me%e a..ompli.e.
"ut it isnLt esta$lished $+ eviden.e that in the mtg held in the house o5 Simeon that
the+ all ag%eed to 0ill and not 6ust %o$. )he 5inding that appellants a%e lia$le as me%e
a..ompli.es ma+ appea% too lenient $ut eviden.e 5ails to esta$lish thei% .onspi%a.+
7J the %eal male5a.to%s 7ho a.tuall+ %o$$ed the $an0 and 0illed seve%al people.
9he%e5o%e8 'o$le H 2oma*uin a%e guilt+ $e+ond %easona$le dou$t as a..ompli.es
5o% the .%ime o5 %o$$e%+ in $and. )he penalt+ imposa$le upon appellants is p%ision
ma+o% min. )he .ommission o5 the .%ime 7as agg% $+ nighttime H the use o5 a
moto%iCed $an.a. )he%e $eing no BC8 $oth appellants should $e senten.ed to an
indete%minate penalt+ o5 p%ision .o%%e..ional 5%om 5 +%s8 4 mos8 21 da+s to ! +%s o5
p%ision ma+o% as ma-imum.
P(,PL( v. $,-.IG,N(S D!7 Phil. 65! E1&5(FG
Nat)%e* Appeal 5%om the de.ision o5 the C4I o5 Cama%ines Su% 5inding A$ela%do
4o%migones guilt+ o5 pa%%i.ide H senten.ing him to %e.lusion pe%petua8 to indemni5+
the hei%s o5 the de.eased in the amount o5 P238 and to pa+ .osts.
$a'ts* In the month o5 ;ov. 1&468 A$ela%do 7as living on his 5a%m in Cama%ines Su%
7J his 7i5e8 1ulia Ag%i.ola H thei% 5 .hild%en. 4%om the%e the+ t%ans5e%%ed in the house
o5 his hal5#$%othe%8 Ta.a%ias 4o%migones in the same muni.ipalit+ to 5ind emplo+ment
as ha%veste%s o5 pala+. A5te% a month8 1ulia 7as sitting at the head o5 the stai%s o5 the
house 7hen A$ela%do8 7Jo p%evious *ua%%el o% p%ovo.ation 7hatsoeve%8 too0 his $olo
5%om the 7all o5 the house H sta$$ed his 7i5e 1ulia8 in the $a.08 the $lade penet%ating
the %ight lung H .ausing a seve%e hemo%%hage %esulting in he% death. A$ela%do then
too0 his dead 7i5e H laid he% on the 5loo% o5 the living %oom H then la+ do7n $eside
he%. In this position8 he 7as 5ound $+ the people 7ho .ame in %esponse to the shouts
made $+ his eldest daughte%8 I%ene 4o%migones.
)he motive 7as admittedl+ that o5 6ealous+ $e.ause a..o%ding to his statement8 he
used to have *ua%%els 7ith his 7i5e 5o% %eason that he o5ten sa7 he% in the .ompan+
o5 his $%othe%8 Ta.a%iasN that he suspe.ted the 2 7e%e maintaining illi.it %elations
$e.ause he noti.ed that his 7i5e had $e.ome indi55e%ent to him. 'u%ing the
p%elimina%+ investigation8 the a..used pleaded guilt+. At the .ase in the C4I8 he also
pleaded guilt+ $ut didnLt testi5+. /is .ounsel p%esented the testimon+ o5 2 gua%ds o5
the p%ovin.ial 6ail 7he%e A$ela%do 7as .on5ined to the e55e.t that his .ondu.t 7as
%athe% st%ange H that he $ehaved li0e an insane pe%son8 at times he 7ould %emain
silent8 7al0 a%ound sta%0 na0ed8 %e5use to ta0e a $ath H 7ash his .lothes et.... )he
appeal is $ased me%el+ on the theo%+ that the appellant is an IB",CI, H the%e5o%e
e-empt 5%om .%iminal lia$ilit+ unde% 2PC A12.
Iss)e* 9O; A$ela%do is an im$e.ile at the time o5 the .ommission o5 the .%ime8 thus
e-empted 5%om .%iminal lia$ilit+
Hel+* ;o. /e is not an im$e.ile. A..o%ding '%. 4%an.is.o Komes8 although he 7as
5ee$leminded8 he is not an im$e.ile as he .ould still distinguish $et7een %ight H
7%ong H even 5eel %emo%se. In o%de% that a pe%son .ould $e %ega%ded as an im$e.ile
7Jin the meaning o5 2PC A12 so as to $e e-empt 5%om .%iminal lia$ilit+8 he must $e
dep%ived .ompletel+ o5 %eason o% dis.e%nment H 5%eedom o5 7ill at the time o5
.ommitting the .%ime. E;ote that de5inition is same as insanit+F
As to the st%ange $ehavio% o5 the a..used du%ing his .on5inement8 assuming it 7as
not 5eigned to stimulate insanit+8 it ma+ $e att%i$uted eithe% to his $eing 5ee$leminded
o% e..ent%i.8 o% to a mo%$id mental .ondition p%odu.ed $+ %emo%se at having 0illed his
7i5e. A man 7ho .ould 5eel the pangs o5 6ealous+ H ta0e violent measu%es to the
e-tent o5 0illing his 7i5e 7ho he suspe.ted o5 $eing un5aith5ul to him8 in the $elie5 that
in doing so8 he 7as vindi.ating his hono%8 .ould ha%dl+ $e %ega%ded as an im$e.ile.
9O; the suspi.ions 7e%e 6usti5ied8 is o5 little o% no impo%tan.e. )he 5a.t is that he
$elieved he% 5aithless. 4u%the%mo%e8 in his 7%itten statement8 he %eadil+ admitted that
he 0illed his 7i5e8 H at the t%ial he made no e55o%t to den+ o5 %epudiate said 7%itten
statements8 thus saving the gove%nment all the t%ou$le H e-pense o5 .at.hing him H
se.u%ing his .onvi.tion.
"ut 2 mitigating .i%.umstan.es a%e p%esentI passion o% o$5us.ation Ehaving 0illed
his 7i5e in a 6ealous %ageF H 5ee$lemindedness.
8)+g5e&t* In .on.lusion8 appellant is 5ound guilt+ o5 pa%%i.ide H the lo7e% .ou%tLs
6udgment is he%e$+ a55i%med 7J the modi5i.ation that appellant 7ill $e .%edited 7ith
hal5 o5 an+ p%eventive imp%isonment he has unde%gone E$e.ause o5 the 2 mitigating
.i%.umstan.esF
P(,PL( v. SI.,N D34 SC2A 555 E1&&4FG
Nat)%e* Appeal 5%om a 6udgment o5 Kuagua8 Pampanga 2)C
$a'ts* O.t. 228 1&!!8 Pampanga. Ba%tin Simon 7as .onvi.ted o5 violating 2A 6425
AII >4 E'ange%ous '%ugs A.t o5 1&72F th%ough a ;A2COB pose%#$u+e%. It 7as
appealed 5o% %eve%sal alleging it 7as a 5%ame#up Etestimonies H eviden.e p%oved
othe%7iseF H eviden.e 7as inadmissi$le Eheld8 $e.ause the%e 7as no .ounselF.
Iss)e* 9O; .o%%e.t penalt+ applied<
Hel+* ;o. Convi.tion modi5ied. )he%e 7as ove%lapping e%%o% in the la7 thus the SC
had to ha%moniCe .on5li.ting p%ovisions $+ p%oviding 5o% deg%ees o5 g%aduation. 2uleI
deg%ees applied depending on *uantit+ then appl+ mitigating o% agg%avating
.i%.umstan.e. east penalt+ should $e p%ision .o%%e..ional so as not to dep%e.iate
se%iousness o5 .%ime. 1usti5ied in appl+ing 2PC p%ovisions $e.ause la7 adopted
penalties unde% 2PC in thei% te.hni.al te%ms thus signi5i.ations and e55e.ts 7ill also
appl+. It %ules in people v. )sang /in 9ai that 7hen spe.ial la7 g%ants dis.%etion to
SC to appl+ penalties8 Code 7onLt $e held. Othe%7ise8 SC should $e guided $+ %ules
in 2PC that $eing the e-pe%t in .%iminal la7 administ%ation.